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CONGREGATIONAL  LIBRARY 

BOSTON.  MASSACHUSETTS 


pJlJlA]UXO.i3QXQU7lA3j:^^^^ 


9. 


THE 


O{0tijjjr^jgatm«al   ^iiart^rlg. 


VOLUME   II. 


CONDUCTED,   UNDER   THE   SANCTION  OF   THE 

C!rongre5att0nal   Eibtarg   Slssocf ation, 

AND    THE 

American   ffi^ongrcgational  Winian, 

BT 

Revs.  JOSEPH  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,  HENRY  M.  DEXTER,  ALONZO  H.  QUINT, 
AND  ISAAC  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


BOSTON: 

CONGREGATIONAL   BUILDING,    CHAUNCY    STREET. 

NEW    YORK: 

ROOMS  OF  AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION. 

1860. 


PKESS   OF    EDWARD   L.    BALCH, 

No.  34  School  Street,  Boston. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


American  Congregational  Union,  160, 244,  349, 
424. 

Anglo-American  Churches  in  1776, 311 

Associations,  Ministerial,  their  origin  in 

New  England, 203 

Biographical  Sketches : 

Codman,  John,  (wth  portrait,) 1 

Cooley,  Timothy  M., 272 

Dimmick,  Luther  F., 370 

Strong,  Caleb,  (with  portrait,) 161 

Taylor,  Nathaniel  W.,  (with  portrait,)..  .245 
Tyler,  Bennet,  (with  portrait,) 351 

Books  Noticed : 

American  Christian  Record, 232 

Arnot's  Roots  and  Fruits  of  the  Christ- 
ian Life, 415 

Baird's  Elohim  Revealed 232 

Bateman's  Life  of  Bishop  Wilson, 234 

Bouton's  Conamemorative  Discourse, 82 

Broadway  Tabernacle  Dedication  Ser- 
mons,   82 

Biblical  Reason  Why, 339 

Bickersteth's  Rock  of  Ages, 415 

Carpenter's  Here  and  Beyond, 81 

Cornell's  How  to  enjoy  Life, 339 

Crosby's  Obituary  Notices  for  1858, 231 

Cutting's  Historical  Vindications, 340 

Emmons'  Works, 80,231 

Gibson's  Year  of  Grace, 340 

Goodhue's  Crucible, 340 

Henderson's  Minor  Prophets, 80 

Hitchcock's  Religion  of  Geology, 232 

Hopkins'  Puritans, 78,  234 

Huntington's   Christian  Believing  and 

Living, 82 

Kurtz's  Manual  of  Sacred  History, 415 

Liefde's  Signet  Ring, 339 

Life's  Morning  and  Life's  Evening, 339 

Meta  Lander's  Fading  Flowers, 83 

Metcalf's  Moral  Obligation, 415 

Mooar's  Manual  of  the  South  Church  in 
Andover,  Ms., 82 


Pond's  The  Church, 339 

Primitive  Piety  Revived, 235 

Punchard's  View  of  Congregationalism,. 231 

Rawlinson's  Evidences, 235 

Samson's  Spiritualism  Tested, 235 

Scriver's  Gotthold's  Emblems, 81 

Seiss'  Gospel  in  Leviticus, 81 

Shedd's  Confessions  of  Augustine, 338 

Smith's  Tables  of  Church  History, 79 

Steele's  Chief  of  the  Pilgrims, 414 

Stuart's  Hebrews, 414 

Taylor's  Moral  Government  of  God, 338 

Thayer's  Tales  from  the  Bible, 339 

Thompson's  Morning  Hours  in  Patmos,.340 

Tumbull's  Christ  in  History, 235 

Tyler's  Bible  and  Social  Reform, 338 

Tyler's  Memoir  of  Lobdell, 81 

Young  Merchant, 414 

Warren's  (Mrs.)  Morning  Star, 414 

Warren's  The  Sisters, 81 

Webster's  Dictionary, 83 

Wilson's  Presbyterian  Almanac, 231 

Wise's  Vindication, 340 

Words  that  Shook  the  World, 339 

Children,  How  the  Puritans  trained  their, . .  198 

*  Christian '  Connection, 305 

Church  and  Society, 329 

Church  Building 29 

Churches  and  Ministers   in  Portage  and 

Summit  Counties,  O.,  269, 386 
"        "  Windham  Co.,Ct.,  25,  178, 289, 376 
Churches,  Congregational : 

In  America,  Statistics  of, 97 

In  Europe, 302 

Formed,  lists  of, 93,  242,  346,  422 

Welsh,  in  the  United  States, 401 

Codman,  John,  D,D.,  Sketch  of  the  Life  of,..l 
Congregational  Church  Polity  adapted  to 

the  Foreign  Missionary  work, 28 

Congi-egational  Library  Assoc'n,.  .96,  244,  348 
"  Missionaries  in  South  Africa,. .  .229 
"        State  Associations,  Officers,  &c.,  159 


IV 


Contents. 


Congregational  Theological  Seminaries  in 

America, 186 

Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New  York,.  .33 

"        in  Michigan, 190 

"        in  Minnesota, 67 

Cooley,  Timothy  M.,  D.D.,  Sketch  of  the 

Life  of, 272 

Councils,  the  Authority  of, 53 

Dimmick,  Luther  F.,  D.D.,  Sketch  of  the 

Life  of, 370 

Dorchester,  Ecclesiastical  troubles  in,  in 

1810-'12, 5 

Editors'  Table  and  Notes,  77,  96,  225,  336, 340, 

421. 
Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  Free  Govern- 
ment,  313 

Index 425 

Keeping  our  own  Vineyard, 390 

Lay  Element  in  the  Churches, 293 

Libraries,  Old,  Notes  upon, 14 

Library  of  the  Fourteenth  Century, 268 

Marvin's  Sermon  at  Holliston, 390 

Meeting  Houses,  Views  of,..  .64,  212,  266,  412 

Michigan,  Congregationalism  in, 190 

Ministers,  List  of  Orthododox  Congrega- 
tional in  America, 141 

Minnesota,  Congregationalism  in, 67 

Ministerial  Associations,  their  Origin  in 

New  England, 203 

Ministers  Ordained  or  Installed,  list  of,..  .93, 

242,  346,  422 
"  Dismissed,  list  of,. 93,  242,  346,  422 
"  Married,  list  of,...  .95,  243,  347,  423 
"         Deceased,  list  of,.  .95,  243,  347,  423 

Missionary  Labor  at  the  West, 223 

Missionary  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims 282 

Necrology,    Congregational,.. 84,  236,  341,  416 

Nelson's  Reminiscences, 363 

New  England  Denominations  in  1760  and 

1860, 173 

New  York  (Eastern),  Congregationalism 

in, 35 

Obituaries  : 

Adams,  Mrs.  Sarah  H., 84 

Baker,  Rev.  John, 237 

Boardman,  Mrs.  J.  E.  H. 90 

Cochrane,  Rev.  Sylvester, 344 

Coleman,  Rev.  Ebenezer, 84 

Cook,  Rev.  Chauncey, 344 

Gummings,  Dea.  Joseph, 345 

Eddy,  Zaohariah, 240 

Ellingwood,  Rev.  John  W 420 


Field,  Rev.  Le^•i  A., 89 

French,  Rev.  Daniel  L., 419 

George,  Rev.  Enos, 86 

Goodrich,  Rev.  Chauncey  A., 241 

Haseltine,  Rev.  Nathan  S., 237 

Hawes,  Rev.  Erskine  J., 418 

Hawkes,  Dea.  Benjamin, 238 

Holbrook,  Rev.  Willard, 240 

Jewett,  Rev.  Luther, 416 

Kimball,  Rev.  David  T., 239 

Knapp,  Rev.  Jared  0., 419 

Loring,  Rev.  Levi, 341 

Maltby,  Rev.  John 416 

Metcalf,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C, 238 

Morton,  Rev.  Josephus, 86 

Newman,  Dea.  Mark, 236 

Nichols,  Rev.  Henry  M., 417 

Perkins,  Mrs.  Harriet  O., 85 

Perry,  Rev.  Gardner  B., 341 

Pratt,  Rev.  Enoch, 238 

Talbot,  Rev.  Samuel, 92 

Ward,  Rev.  Jonathan, 341 

Ordination, 380 

Orton,  Job,  D.D.,  Confession  of  Faith  of,. 279 
Portage  and  Summit  Counties,  O.,  Church- 
es in, 269,386 

Preaching  by  Steam, 215 

Religious  Progress  of  the  past  year, 72 

Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims, 404 

Seminaries,  American  Congregational  The- 
ological,   186 

Slavery,  how  abolished  in  Massachusetts,.. 42 
Statistics : 

American  Ecclesiastical 220,  409 

Congregational  American, 97 

"  Foreign 302 

Denominational,    in   New  England    in 

1760  and  1860, 173 

Presbyterian,  from  1828  to  1859, 308 

Welsh  Congregational,  in   the   United 

States, 401 

Strong,  Caleb,  sketch  of  the  Life  of, 161 

Taylor,  Nathaniel  W.,  D.D.,  sketch  of  the 

Life  of, 245 

Tobacco  Chewer,  Confessions  of  a, 49 

Tyler,  Bcnnet,  D.D.,  sketch  of  the  life  of,. 351 

Washburn's  Address, 313 

Welsh   Congregational   Churches   in  the 

United  States, 401 

Windham  County,  Ct.,  Churches  and  Min- 
isters in 25,  178,  289,376 

(See  Index,  page  425. J 


Vol.    II.  ^^^^  DOLLAR  A  YEAR,   IN  ADVANCE.] 


No.  5. 


THE 


Congngatmnal  ^uarterlj. 


a"uA.3srTJ.A.i^^5r,   iseo. 


CONDUCTED,  UNDER  THE  SANCTION  OF  THB 

(^Congregational    ILi&rarg    dissociation, 

AND    THE 

American    Consregational    JSnion, 

BY 

Rbvs.  J.  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,   H.  M.  DEXTER,   A.  H.  QUINT, 
AND  I.  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


BOSTON: 

CONGREGATIONAL   BUILDING,    CHAUNCY   STREET. 

NEW    Y  O  R  K  : 

ROOMS  OF  AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION, 

348    BROADWAY. 


CONTENTS. 

John  Codman.     By  Rev.  James  H.  Means,  Dorchester,  Ms 1 

A  Few  Notes  on  Old  Libraries.     Rev.  Henry  M.  Dexter,  Boston.  .  14 

Church-Building.     Rev.  Isaac  P.  Langworthy,  Chelsea,  Ms 20 

CONGREGA   ONAL  ChURCHES  AND  MINISTERS  IN  WiNDHAM  CoUNTY, 

Ct.     Rev.  Robert  C.  Learned,  Berlin,  Ct. :  Continued 25 

The  Congregational  Church  Polity  adapted  to  the  Foreign 

Missionary  Work.     Rev.  A.  L.  Thompson,  Missionary  to  Persia. .  .  28 
History   of    Congregationalism    in   Eastern   New  York.     Rev. 

Joseph  P.  Thompson,  D.D.,  New  York 33 

How  Slavery  was  Abolished  in  Massachusetts.     Rev.  Joseph  S. 

Clark,  D.D.,  Boston 42 

Confessions  of  a  Tobacco  Chewer.     Rev. . ,  D.D.,  49 

The  Authority  of  Councils.     Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  Jamaica  Plain.  53 
The  New  Broadway  Tabernacle,  New  York  City.     Rev.  Joseph 

P.  Thompson,  D.D.,  New  York 64 

Congregationalism  in  Minnesota.     Rev.  David  Burt,  Winona,  Minn.  67 
The  Religious  Progress  of  the  Past  Year.     Rev.  Henry  M.  Dex- 
ter, Boston ". 72 

Editors'  Table 77 

Books  of  Interest  to  Congregationalists  : 

Hopkins'  Puritans 78 

Smith's  Tables  of  Church  History 79 

Emmons'  Works,   Vol.  IT. 80 

Henderson's  Minor  Prophets 80 

Carpenter's  Here  and  Beyond 81 

Tyler's  Memoir  of  Lobdell 81 

Warren's  The  Sisters 81 

Scriver's  Gotthold's  Emblems 81 

Seiss's  Gospel  in  Leviticus '    81 

Huntington's  Christian  Believing  and  Living. 82 

Broadway  Tabernacle  Dedication  Sermons ." 82 

Bouton's  Commemorative  Discourse 82 

Mooar's  Manual  of  the  South  Church  in  Andover,  Ms 82 

Meta  Lander's  Fading  Flowers 83 

Webster's  (Pictorial)  Dictionary 83 

Congregational  Necrology 84 

Congregational  Quarterly  Record 93 

Quarterly  Meeting  of  the  Congregational  Library  Associa- 
tion    96 

Editorial  Note 96 

Statistics   of   the  American   Okthodox   Cong'l   Churches,  as 
COLLECTED  IN  1859  :  Compiled  by  Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  Jamaica 

Plain,  Ms •  97 

List  of  Orthodox  Congregational   Ministers   in   the   United 

States,  avith  the  Post-Office  address  of  each 141 

Officers  of  the  General  Associations,  and  Sessions  for  1860,  156 


PRESS  Of  E.  L.  BALCH,  34  SCHOOL  ST. 


Dear  Brother : 

We  send  you  the  accompanying  number  of  the  '•  Congregational 
Quarterly,"  to  invite  your  attention  to  its  contents  and  objects,  and — 
if  these  commend  themselves  to  your  judgment — to  solicit  your  sub- 
scription. On  receiving  One  Dollar,  witli  your  address,  we  will  for- 
ward to  you  the  succeeding  numbers  for  this  year,  as  they  are  issued — 
the  four  making  a  volume  of  450  to  500  pages.  Should  you  decline  or 
accept  our  invitation,  as  above,  we  should  esteem  it  a  great  favor  if  you 
would  call  the  attention  of  some  parishioners  or  friends  to  the  character, 
importance,  and  cheapness  of  this  periodical,  or  speak  of  the  same  in 
the  sewing-circle  or  social  meeting,  for  the  purpose  of  widening  the  cir- 
culation of  this  denominational  Quarterly;  a  work  so  long  and  so  much 
needed  in  our  churches.  As  an  apology  for  thus  presuming  upon  your 
kindness,  we  have  only  to  say  that  the  exceedingly  low  price  fixed 
for  this  work  precludes  us  from  employing  Agents,  and  throws  us  upon 
the  generosity  of  the  friends  of  the  Redeemer  and  of  the  Church  polity 
of  the  Puritans.  In  any  event,  do  not  trouble  yourself  to  return  this 
number  to  us. 

Yours  sincerely, 

JOSEPH  S.  CLARK. 
HENRY  M.  DEXTER. 
ALONZO  H.  QUINT. 
ISAAC  P.  LANGWORTHY. 

1^"  Our  address  is  — 

Chauncy  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


--r;?^-^ 


.,?^  ^^:^^?-2^'^''^^ 


THE 


df^tijgrij^atianal   ^imrti^rlll. 


Vol.  II.— JANUARY,  1860.~No.  V. 


JOHN    CODMAN. 


BT     KEV.     JAMES     H.     MEANS,     DORCHESTER,     MASS. 


Nearly  a  half-century  has  passed 
since  the  earnest  attention  of  the  Chris- 
tians of  New  England  was  drawn  to  the 
"  Dorchester  Controversy ;"  and  he  around 
whose  pulpit  that  controversy  raged,  is 
better  known  to  the  present  generation 
for  his  long  fidelity  and  usefulness,  as  a 
pastor,  than  as  the  chief  actor  in  a  scene 
of  ecclesiastical  strife.  We  do  not  com- 
mence this  sketch  with  any  intent  to 
rekindle  extinct  fires ;  but  there  are  facts 
in  his  history  which  must  be  known,  in 
order  to  the  full  understanding  of  the 
course  of  religious  thought  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  of  the  steps  by  which  the  Con- 
gregational churches  were  led  to  their 
present  position.  Besides,  as  a  devoted, 
influential,  and,  in  some  respects,  a  model 
minister,  his  name  is  one  well  worthy  of  a 
place  upon  these  pages. 

John  Codman  was  bom  in  Boston, 
August  3d,  1782.  His  parents  were  Hon. 
John  Codman,  (born  in  Charlestown,  Jan. 
17,1755,)  a  successful  merchant,  and  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  Massachusetts, 
and  Margaret  Russell,  daughter  of  Hon. 
James  Russell,  of  Lincoln,  Ms.  Among 
remoter  ancestors,  on  both  sides,  were 
several  who  enjoyed  much  influence  and 
VOL.  II.  1 


honor  in  their  day.  His  great-grandfather, 
Capt.  John  Codman,  was  highly  respected 
as  a  citizen  and  military  oflicer,  and  mar- 
ried, in  1718,  a  grand-daughter  of  Isaac 
Winslow,  whose  mother  was,  it  is  said,  the 
first  female  who  landed  from  the  May- 
flower. The  circumstances  attending  the 
death  of  Capt.  Codman,  seem  worthy  of 
record  here.  "  He  had  three  slaves, 
Mark,  Phillis,  and  Phoebe,  who  poisoned 
him  with  arsenic.  The  two  former  were 
convicted  and  executed.  The  place  of 
Mark's  execution  was  on  the  northerly 
side  of  the  Cambridge  road,  and  the  gib- 
bet remained  until  a  short  time  before  the 
Revolution.  Phillis  was  burned  at  the 
stake,  about  ten  yards  from  the  gallows. 
It  has  been  said  that  this  is  the  only  in- 
stance, in  the  history  of  the  country,  of 
that  method  of  punishment  under  authori- 
ty of  the  law."  ^ 

Of  Mr.  Codman's  early  life,  we  have 
but  few  details.  His  parents  were  con- 
nected with  the  Brattle  Street  Church,  in 
Boston,  and  he  was  there  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Cooper.  He  grew  up 
under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Thatcher,  an 

1  Memoir  of  Dr.  Codman,  by  Ebt.  William  Allen, 
D.D.,  Boston,  1853. 


John   Codman. 


[Jan. 


earnest  and  evangelical  divine,  who  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Cooper  in  1785,  and  contin- 
ued in  office  till  1802.  He  was  also 
educated  faithfully  at  home,  "  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  Scriptural  morality,  and  strict 
regard  to  the  institutions  of  revealed  re- 
ligion." 

In  1798,  he  entered  Harvard  College, 
and  graduated  with  credit  in  the  dis- 
tinguished Class  of  1802.  At  first,  his 
name  was  omitted  in  the  assignment  of 
Commencement  parts  ;  but  his  class-mates, 
feeling  that  he  had  been  treated  with  in- 
justice, chose  him  to  deliver  before  them 
a  Yaledictorj-  Poem, — upon  which  the 
Facultv,  acknowledging  their  error,  gave 
him  a  place  among  his  class-mates,  with 
an  English  Poem  as  his  appointment. 
This  incident  may  show  the  hold  which 
his  genial  and  friendly  temper  had  al- 
ready given  him  on  those  who  knew  him 
best. 

Soon  afler  his  graduation,  his  father  sud- 
denly died ;  and  this  event,  together  with 
the  farewell  exhortations  of  one  so  tenderly 
beloved,  was  the  means  of  awakening 
deeper  religious  impressions  than  he  had 
felt  before.  In  November,  1804,  he  united 
with  the  Church  in  Brattle  Street, — hav- 
ing, a  little  previous,  in  accordance  with 
his  father's  last  request,  left  the  law-office 
he  had  entered,  and  commenced  the  study 
of  theology.  His  first  instructor  was  Rev. 
Henry  Ware,  then  of  Hingham ;  after- 
wards Hollis  Professor  of  Divinity  at  Har- 
vard. After  about  a  year's  residence  with 
him,  Mr.  Codman  removed  to  Cambridge, 
pursuing  his  studies,  mainly  under  his  own 
direction,  in  the  society  of  personal  friends. 
"While  residing  here,  in  the  early  part  of 
1805,  Dr.  Wm.  Cooper's  "  Four  Sermons 
on  Predestination"  were  put  into  his 
hands,  with  the  request  that  he  would 
prepare  a  review  of  them  for  the  "  An- 
thology " — the  organ  of  the  liberal  party 
at  that  time.  He  commenced  his  task, 
undoubtedly  under  the  influence  of  preju- 
dices against  the  doctrine  advocated,  but 
&s  he  read  and  meditated,  the  unpopular 
tenet  presented  itself  in  a  new  light,  as 


consistent  with  Scripture,  and  glorious  as 
revealing  God  on  the  throne  of  the  uni- 
verse. "  ordering  all  things  after  the  coun- 
sel of  his  own  will."  He  finished  the  Re- 
view ;  but  it  was  printed  not  in  the 
Antholofftj,  but  in  the  Panoplist. 

From  this  time  onward,  Mr.  Codman'g 
views  of  truth  were  decidedly  and  unswerv- 
ingly evangelical ;  and  his  private  journal 
shows  the  humility  and  fervor  of  his  relig- 
ious emotions.  Having  abundant  pecuniary 
resources,  he  determined  to  avail  himself 
of  the  superior  advantages  for  a  theologi- 
cal education,  which  the  school  of  Edin- 
boro'  then  offered,  and  in  July,  1805, 
sailed  for  Europe.  Here  he  remained  for 
nearly  three  years,  studying  under  Dugald 
Stewart  and  Dr.  Hunter,  in  the  Scotch 
metropolis,  and  forming  the  acquaintance 
of  such  men  as  Wilbeiforce,  Andrew  Ful- 
ler, and  "William  Jay. 

In  April,  1807,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
at  Bristol,  England,  the  certificate  being 
signed  by  Samuel  Lowell,  William  Thorp, 
and  William  Jay.  He  was  soon  invited 
to  the  Scotch  Ciiurch,  Swallow  Street, 
London,  where  he  continued  to  labor  for 
about  a  year ;  and  received,  at  parting,  a 
piece  of  plate,  inscribed  with  a  testimony 
of  the  enduring  regard  of  his  auditors. 
In  May,  1808,  he  returned  home.  His 
social  position  ;  his  English  style  of  dress 
and  powdered  hair  ;  his  anim  »ted  oratory ; 
and  above  all,  the  fervor  and  earnestness 
of  his  preaching,  attracted  much  attention, 
and  his  services  were  sought  by  various 
churches.  In  August,  he  preached  for 
the  first  time  to  the  Second  Church  in 
Dorchester,  at  a  Preparatory  Lecture. 
His  text  on  that  occasion,  which  was  an 
appropriate  key-note  for  his  future  minis- 
try, was,  "I  am  not  ashamed  of  the  Gos- 
pel of  Christ." 

This  Church  had  then  been  but  re- 
cently organized.  The  original  Church 
of  Dorchester  was  gathered  at  Plymouth, 
England,  in  1630,  and  emigrated  with  its 
pastors,  Wareham  and  Maverick. 

In  1636,  the  majority  of  its  members 
removed   to   Windsor,    Ct.,    and   a   new 


I860.] 


John   Codman. 


Churcli  was  formed  in  Dorchester,  unJer 
the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Richard  blather. 
For  over  170  years,  this  was  the  only 
Church  in  the  town.  In  1806,  the  in- 
creasing population  rendering  a  division 
of  the  congregation  expedient,  a  new 
meeting-house  was  erected;  and,  on  the 
1st  of  Januar}',  1808,  the  Second  Church 
■was  organized  by  an  Ecclesiastical  Coun- 
cil. The  separation  of  its  members  from 
those  with  whom  they  had  been  long  as- 
sociated, was  accompanied  with  most  cor- 
dial and  sincere  expressions  of  good  will. 
No  diversity  of  religious  sentiment  occa- 
sioned or  shaped  the  division  ;  and  in  the 
new  Church,  as  in  the  old,  were  found 
representatives  of  the  different  views  and 
tendencies  existing  among  Congregation- 
alists  at  that  day. 

Preachers  of  both  the  liberal  and  the 
orthodox  sides,  were  invited  as  candidates 
to  the  vacant  pulpit ;  but  no  call  had 
been  extended  to  any  one, — when,  as  be- 
fore stated,  Mr.  Codman  visited  the  place. 
The  impression  made  by  his  first  sermon 
was  such,  that  he  was  requested  to  supply 
for  two  Sabbaths  ;  after  which  the  Church, 
by  a  unanimous  vote,  and  the  Society, 
with  the  dissent  of  only  four,  called  him  to 
the  pastorate. 

Knowing  the  diversity  of  sentiment  ex- 
isting, he  gave  no  answer  till  he  had  made 
an  explicit  statement  of  his  belief  in  a 
letter  addressed  to  the  Church.  In  this 
he  says:  "As  Arian  and  Socinian  errors 
have  of  late  years  crept  into  some  of  our 
churches,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  declare  to 
that  Church  of  Christ,  of  whom  I  may 
have  the  pastoral  charge,  that  I  believe 
the  Father,  Sou  and  Holy  Ghost  to  be 
the  one  living  and  true  God ;  and  that 
my  faith  in  general,  is  conformed  to  the 
Assembl}''s  Catechism,  and  to  the  Confes- 
ion  of  Faith  drawn  up  by  the  elders  and 
messengers  of  the  Congregational  church- 
es in  the  year  1680,  and  recommended  to 
the  churches  by  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts."  He  also  desired  the  sub- 
stitution of  Dr.  Watts'  Psalms  and  Hymns 
for  the  collection  of  Dr.  Belknap,  which 


was  then  used,  as  the  latter  appeared  de- 
fective and  its  preface  contained  "expres- 
sions derogatory  to  the  glory  due  to  the 
one  God,  Father,  Son  and  Holy  Ghost." 

This  certainly  Avas  explicit  enough,  and 
would  seem  to  leave  no  room  for  future 
misunderstanding.  Both  Church  and  So- 
ciety "  agreed  to  the  communication  and 
request;"  the  Parish  Committee  saying  in 
their  letter,  "  although  there  may  be  a  dif- 
ference of  opinion  amonsj  us  respecting 
some  parts  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  your 
communication  is  received  with  pleasure 
and  general  satisfaction." 

The  personal  views  of  the  candidate 
were  plainly  seen  to  be  of  the  stricter 
sort ;  at  the  same  time  it  was  known  that 
strong  social  ties  connected  hiui  with  the 
liberal  party,  and  for  this  reason,  proba- 
bly, it  was  hoped  his  course  and  preaching 
would  be  such  as  to  be  acceptable  to  all. 

Under  these  circumstances  the  call  was 
accepted,  and  on  the  7th  of  December, 
1808,  a  council  consisting  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  eleven  churches  of  Boston 
and  vicinity  assembled  for  the  ordination. 
The  Confession  of  Faith  read  by  the  can- 
didate was  full,  elaborate  and  most  une- 
quivocally orthodox.  Re%'.  Wm.  E.  Chan- 
ning  preached  the  sermon,  and  I  have 
heard  Dr.  Codman  say  that  he  gave  him 
the  preference  over  Mr.  Buckniinster,  the 
pistor  of  the  Church  to  which  he  himself 
belonged,  because  he  then  believed  him 
more  sound  in  his  theology.  The  sermon 
certainly  justified  such  an  opinion.  It 
was  founded  upon  the  words  ;  "Be  instant 
in  season,  out  of  season,"  and  the  preach- 
er had  evidently  caught  the  spirit  of  his 
text.  His  words  rang  out  clear  and  stir- 
ring as  the  notes  of  a  trumpet.  The  dis- 
course was  printed  and  elicited  much 
commendation,  but  is  not  included  in  the 
author's  collected  works.  A  few  extracts 
will  be  read  with  interest  as  indicating 
the  views  held  by  Dr.  Chanuing  at  that 
time.  After  illustrating  the  nature  of 
ministerial  earnestness,  the  preacher  pro- 
ceeds to  suggest  considerations  fitted  to 
excite  it : 


John   Codman. 


[Jan. 


"  First,  the  importance  of  ministerial 
earnestness  will  be  seen,  if  we  consider 
what  concern  God  has  expressed,  what 
infinite  means  he  has  employed  for  that 
great  end  which  the  Christian  ministry  is 
designed  to  advance.  The  salvation  of  man 
is  the  leading  object  of  the  providence  of 
God.  This  his  merciful  voice  promised 
to  our  guilty  parents  immediately  after 
the  fall.  For  this  the  cumbrous  fabric  of 
the  Mosaic  dispensation  was  reared.  For 
this  prophets  were  inspired  and  were  en- 
abled successively  to  cast  a  clearer  light 
on  futurity.  For  this  the  Son  of  God 
himself  left  the  abodes  of  glory  and  ex- 
pired a  victim  on  the  cross." 

After  urging,  Secondly,  the  example  of 
Jesus  Christ,  and  Thirdly,  our  depend- 
ence on  earnestness  for  success,  he  pro- 
ceeds : 

"  Fourthly,  as  another  most  solemn  in- 
citement to  earnestness,  let  a  minister 
consider  the  dangerous  circumstances  of 
his  people."  "  He  sees  immortal  beings, 
committed  to  his  care,  advancing  with 
rapid  steps  to  the  brink  of  an  abyss,  from 
which  they  are  never  to  arise.  And  can 
he  be  unconcerned  ?  Can  he  read  of  that 
fire  which  is  never  quenched,  of  that 
worm  which  never  dies,  and  yet  see  with- 
out emotion  fellow  beings  to  whom  he  sus- 
tains the  tenderest  connexions,  hastening 
forward  to  this  indescribable  ruin  ? " 
"  Negligent  minister,  look  forward  to  the 
tribunal  of  God.  Behold  a  human  being 
there  condemned,  whom  thy  neglect  has 
helped  to  destroy.  In  that  countenance 
of  anguish  and  despair,  which  might  have 
beamed  with  all  the  light  and  ])urity  of 
Heaven  ;  in  that  voice  of  weeping  and 
wailing  which  might  have  sung  the  sweet 
and  happy  strains  of  angels,  see  and  hear 
the  ruin  which  thou  hast  made." 

Having  consittered,  Fifthly,  the  felicity 
which  a  faithful  ministry  is  suited  to  com- 
municate, he  adds : 

"  Lastly,  let  the  minister  of  Christ  be 
excited  to  an  earnest  and  affectionate 
discharge  of  his  duties,  by  the  considera- 
tion that  his  own  eternal  interests  are  in- 


volved in  it."  "  Of  all  men,  a  cold,  neg- 
ligent minister  has  the  darkest  prospects." 
"  Need  I  describe  to  you  his  anguish  on 
that  day,  which  will  prove  him  a  false, 
heartless  minister  of  Jesus  Christ,  which 
shall  discover  to  him  many  souls  lost 
through  his  neglect,  in  which  the  search- 
ing eyes  of  Jesus  shall  be  fixed  on  him  in 
righteous  indignation,  in  which  he  shall 
hear  the  voice  of  the  Saviour  saying  to 
him,  '  Behold  the  inestimable  souls  for 
which  my  blood  was  shed,  which  I  com- 
mitted to  your  care,  but  which  your  neg- 
ligence has  helped  to  destroy.  Depart 
with  them  far  from  me  into  everlasting 
fire.' " 

Such  was  the  sermon.  It  was  followed 
by  the  ordaining  prayer  from  Dr.  Eckley 
of  Boston,  and  the  Charge  from  Dr.  Os- 
good of  Medford.  Then  the  Right  Hand 
of  Fellowship  was  presented  by  the  Pas- 
tor of  the  First  Church  in  Dorchester, 
Rev.  T.  M.  Harris,  a  most  estimable  man, 
whose  name  is  still  cherished  by  his  sur- 
viving parishioners  with  deep  affection, 
but  whose  preaching,  according  to  his 
own  description  of  it,  was  far  from  being 
discriminating. 

Speaking  of  the  "  inhabitants  of  the 
town,"  who  were  all,  before,  his  parish- 
ionei's,  he  said,  "  Standing  fast  in  one  spir- 
it, and  striving  together  for  the  faith  of 
the  Gospel,  they  have  paid  little  atten- 
tion to  lesser  matters,  and  words  of  doubt- 
ful disputation,  and  have  been  indoctrin- 
ated rather  in  those  important  truths  in 
which  all  agree,  than  in  those  speculative 
topics  about  which  so  many  differ.  The 
modern  distinctions  of  sect  and  party  are 
scarcely  known,  and  have  never  been  ad- 
vocated among  them.  To  be  disciples 
and  followers  of  the  Lord  Jesus  has  been 
tlieir  only  endeavour ;  and  to  be  called 
Christians  the  only  appellation  by  which 
they  have  aimed  or  desired  to  be  dis- 
tinguished." 

The  Rev.  Charles  Lowell,  who  alone  of 
all  the  Council  still  survives,  offered  the 
concluding  prayer,  and  the  young  pastor 
was  left  to  his  solemn  work. 


I860.] 


John  Codman. 


On  the  ver)'  day  of  his  setth  mcnt,  his 
spirit  was  tested  slightly  by  an  Invitation 
to  an  "  Ordination  Ball  "  in  the  Town 
Hall,  and  his  prompt  refusal  to  be  present 
gave  some  oti'ence.  This,  however,  was 
soon  passed  by,  and  for  about  a  year  he 
was  permitted  to  labor  in  peace,  with  en- 
couraging tokens  of  success. 

On  the  6th  of  December,  1809— the 
eve  of  the  anniversary  of  his  ordination — 
an  ominous  letter  was  presented,  signed 
by  forty  of  his  parishioners.  It  exhibits 
the  difficulty  which  was  the  central  point 
of  controversy  for  the  three  succeeding 
years :  and  in  it,  and  in  the  reply  which 
followed,  the  respective  parties  took  the 
stand  from  which  they  never  wavered. 

We  present,  therefore,  the  substance  of 
both  communications. 

"  We  do  not  presume,"  say  those  who 
opened  the  correspondence,  "  neither  have 
we  a  wish,  to  prescribe  what  doctrine 
would  be  most  congenial  to  our  feelings  to 
hear  from  you,  but  are  willing  you  should 
exercise  your  own  opinion.  It  is,  how- 
ever, our  humble  opinion,  that  for  a  cler- 
gyman to  be  enabled  to  do  good,  promote 
the  happiness  and  welfare  of  the  parish, 
he  must  have  the  love,  good-will  and  affec- 
tions of  his  people,  and  thereby  cause  a 
punctual  attendance  on  public  worship. 

But  the  principal  object  we  have  in 
view,  at  this  time,  is  to  represent  to  you 
that  there  is  a  dissatisfaction  and  uneasi- 
ness in  the  parish,  which  appears  to  be 
daily  increasing,  and  we  fear  if  it  is  not 
soon  checked,  there  will  be  much  disorder 
and  confusion,  which  we  sincerely  depre- 
cate. 

The  principal  cause  of  which,  we  appre- 
hend, arises  from  a  disappointment  that 
many  of  your  parishioners  feel  from  your 
not  making  your  exchanges  generally, 
with  those  ministers,  who  preach  the  pub- 
lic lectures  in  Boston,  on  Thursday's,  and 
with  them  indiscriminately.  This  we  did 
expect,  and  this  we  think  we  have  a 
just  claim  to  expect,  from  your  own 
observations,  previous  to  your  being  set- 
tled as  our  minister.  This  we  humbly 
VOL.  ir.  1* 


submit  to  your  candid  consideration,  and 
remain  your  friends,  well  wishers,  and 
obedient  humble  servants,"  &c. 

To  this,  two  days  after,  a  reply  was  re- 
turned, equally  courteous,  and  yet  decided 
in  its  tone  : — "  With  regard  to  the  prin- 
cipal object,  which  you  profess  to  have  in 
view  at  this  time,  you  must  give  me  leave 
to  say,  that  I  never  can,  and  never  shall 
pledge  myself  to  exchange  pulpits,  with 
any  man,  or  body  of  men  whatever,  and 
that  I  never  did,  from  any  observations 
previous  to  my  being  settled  as  your  min- 
ister, give  you  any  just  claim  to  expect  it. 
At  the  same  time,  you  may  rest  assured 
that  in  my  exchanges,  as  in  every  part  of 
ministerial  duty,  it  will  be  my  endeavor, 
as  it  always  has  been,  to  conciliate  the 
affections,  and  to  promote  the  peace  and 
hap|)iness,  but  especially  the  spiritual  wel- 
fare of  the  people  committed  to  my  charge. 
I  remain,  with  sentiments  of  the  utmost 
friendship  and  esteem,  your  affectionate 
pastor,"  &c. 

The  issue  was  thus  joined.  It  will  be 
our  aim  to  present  a  true  and  fair  state- 
ment of  the  more  Important  facts  and  de- 
cisions connected  with  the  struggle  which 
followed  ;  leaving  those  curious  for  the 
minute  details,  to  consult  the  documents 
published  at  the  tlme.^ 

In  April,  1810,  an  effort  was  made  to 
pass  a  vote  in  the  Parish  Meeting,  ex- 
pressing a  desire  "  that  Mr.  Codman  should 
exchange  with  the  ministers  who  compose 
the  Boston  Association,"  &c.  This  was 
unsuccessful  at  the  time,  but  at  a  similar 
meeting  in  October,  the  vote  was  carried, 
and  a  Committee  chosen  to  wait  on  the 
pastor,  to  know  whether  he  would  or  would 
not  comply  with  the  wish  of  the  parish, 
thus  expressed.     They  returned  with  the 

1  The  most  important  of  these  are :  Proceedings  of 
the  Second  Church,  &c.,  exhibited  in  a  collection  of 
papers.  Boston  :  S.  T.  Armstrong,  1812.  Memorial 
of  the  Proprietors  of  the  New  South  Meeting  House, 
in  Dorchester,  to  the  Ministers  of  the  Boston  Associa- 
tion. With  their  Heport  on  the  same.  Boston : 
Wat.<on  &  Bangs,  181.3.  Review  of  the  Dorchester 
Ciintroversy,  in  the  Panoplist  for  June  and  July, 
1814,  ascribed  to  Jeremiah  Evarts. 


John   Codman. 


[Jan. 


answer,  "  that  lie  cannot  pledge  himself 
to  exchange  with  any  man,  or  any  body 
of  men  whatever." 

A  fortnight  later,  at  an  adjourned 
Parish  Meeting,  it  was  voted — 40  yeas  to 
35  nays — that,  "  if  the  Rev.  Mr.  Codman's 
principles  are  such  that  he  cannot  comply 
with  our  request,  the  connection  between 
him  and  us  become  extinct." 

At  the  same  time  a  Committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  request  the  ministers,  with 
whom  the  pastor  had  been  in  the  habit  of 
exchanging,  not  to  preach  "  in  his  pulpit" 
any  more  until  the  difficulties  were  settled. 
Letters  were  accordingly  sent  to  Dr.  Grif- 
fin and  Mr.  Huntington,  of  Boston  ;  Dr. 
Morse,  of  Charlestown  ;  Messrs.  Bates,  of 
Dedham,  Gile  of  Milton,  Strong,  of  Ran- 
dolph, Homer  and  Greenough,  of  New- 
ton. This  extraordinary  proceeding  was 
without  efi'ect.  Mr.  Bates  and  Dr.  Morse 
replied  In  earnest  protests ;  the  latter 
pointing  out  the  obvious  inconsistency  of 
requiring  the  pastor  to  exchange  with  the 
Boston  Association,  and  then  requesting 
him,  a  member  of  that  Association,  not  so 
to  officiate. 

The  friends  of  Mr.  Codman  now  felt  it 
important  to  manifest  their  sentiments  in 
a  formal  way,  and  addresses  were  sent 
from  eighty-three  gentlemen  and  one 
hundred  and  eighty-one  ladies,  (in- 
cluding almost  all  of  the  members  of  the 
Church,)  expressing  sympathy,  bearing 
testimony  to  his  usefulness,  and  urging 
him  to  "  bear  up  under  the  host  of  troubles 
that  beset  him." 

In  December,  an  advertisement  ap- 
peared in  the  "  Boston  Centinel,"  offering 
sixty-nine  pews  for  sale,  "  together  with 
all  the  right,  title,  and  interest  the  pro- 
prietors have  in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Codman." 

Thus  this  year  closed,  and  the  next 
began  with  no  cessation  of  strife. 

In  April,  1811,  fifty-seven  gentlemen 
of  the  Society  again  addressed  him,  de- 
claring their  "  determination  to  support 
him  as  their  pastor,"  and  urging  him  not 
to  think  of  resigning  his  charge.  On  the 
other  hand,  at  the  Parish  Meeting,  held 


on  the  24th  of  June,  a  Committee  was 
appointed  "  to  confer  with  Mr.  Codman, 
and  request  that  a  separation  take  place 
between  him  and  the  Society  over  which 
he  presides ;  but  should  he  not  comply 
with  the  request,  to  propose  to  him  to  join 
in  calling  a  mutual  ecclesiastical  council, 
to  hear  and  determine  on  all  matters  of 
controversy,"  &c. 

His  friends  immediately  met,  and  by 
vote  requested  him  not  to  accede  to  the 
proposal  for  a  separation, — and  chose  a 
Committee  to  advise  with  him,  and  render 
whatever  aid  he  might  want.  Negotia- 
tions now  commenced  with  reference  to 
the  calling  of  a  Council.  Three  months 
were  occupied  with  preliminary  corres- 
pondence ;  the  main  point  in  which,  for 
the  first  two  months,  was  the  demand,  on 
the  part  of  the  pastor,  that  the  charges 
against  him  should  be  exhibited  in  renting 
previous  to  the  issuing  of  the  letters  mis- 
sive. After  being  repeatedly  refused,  as 
"  unreasonable  and  unprecedented,"  this 
was  at  last  conceded ;  and  various  articles 
of  complaint,  which  will  be  noticed  here- 
after, were  presented.  The  Parish  Com- 
mittee claimed,  however,  the  right  to  pre- 
fer new  charges,  should  any  be  discovered 
before  the  assembling  of  the  Council ; 
this  was  objected  to,  but  finally  it  was 
agreed  that  the  Council  should  itself  de- 
cide as  to  the  propriety  of  admitting  new 
articles  of  complaint.  Meanwhile,  seven 
aggrieved  members  of  the  Church  present- 
ed charges,  which  were  referred  to  a  Com- 
mittee of  brethren,  before  whom  the  pastor 
presented  a  full  and  satisfactory  defence. 

In  the  appointment  of  the  Council, 
six  churches  were  designated  by  each 
side.  Mr.  Codman  selected  those  under  the 
charge  of  Dr.  Prentiss,  of  Medfield ;  Dr. 
Lyman,  of  Hatfield ;  Mr.  Greenough, 
of  Newton  ;  Dr.  Austin,  of  Worcester ;  Dr. 
Morse,  of  Charlestown,  and  Dr.  Worces- 
ter, of  Salem.  The  Parish  Committee 
chose  the  churches  vmder  charge  of  Dr. 
Reed,  of  Bridgewater ;  Mr.  Eliot,  of 
Watertown  ;  Mr.  Thatcher,  of  Dedham  ; 
Dr.  Bancroft,  of  Worcester  ;  Dr.  Kendall, 


I860.] 


John   Codman. 


of  Weston,  and  Mv.  Thayer,  of  Lancaster. 
The  Council  met  on  Wednesday,  Oct. 
11th  ;  and  undisturbed  by  railroad  trains, 
and  an  anxiety  to  get  home  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment,  were  occupied  in  hear- 
ing the  parties  and  their  advocates  until 
Saturday.  They  met  again  on  the  fol- 
lowing INIonday,  and  continued  their  pri- 
vate deliberations  till  Thursday,  when 
their  Result  was  published.  The  high 
standing  of  the  members  of  the  Council, 
and  of  the  advocates  who  appeared  before 
them ;  the  attention  which  this  prolonged 
controversy  had  already  excited  ;  and  the 
fact  that  an  important  point  in  regard  to 
ministerial  rights,  in  which  many  other 
pastors  were  interested,  was  to  be  decided, 
combined  to  give  to  these  proceedings  the 
high'^st  interest. 

Dr.  Prentiss  was  chosen  Moderator. 
The  business  was  introduced  by  Benja- 
min Parsons,  Esq.,  Junior  advocate  for 
the  parish,  who  presented  the  charges  of 
the  Parish  Committee  and  of  the  aggrieved 
brethren.  These  may  be  found  in  full  in 
the  published  "  Proceedings,"  &c.,  before 
referred  to. 

They  related,  first,  to  the  "  great  disap- 
pointment that  a  respectable  number  of  the 
Church,  and  a  majority  of  the  Society 
have  experienced  at  the  pastor's  not  ex- 
changing with  the  Boston  Association  in- 
discriminately, &c."  Connected  with  these 
complaints  concerning  exchanges  were 
charges  of  unfeeling  conduct  towards  a 
family  in  affliction,  of  disrespect  towards 
other  ministers,  of  an  undue  multiplica- 
tion of  religious  meetings,  and  also  the 
charge  of  having  "  circulated  cards  in 
Mr.  Harris's  parish  respecting  the  cate- 
chism, cautioning  them  to  beware  of  inno- 
vations, undoubtedly  meaning  for  them  to 
beware  of  their  Rev.  Pastor  who  had  in- 
troduced Dr.  Watts'  catechism,"  &c. 

The  aggrieved  brethren  added,  in  their 
paper,  the  charge  of  deception,  giving 
two  specifications.  One  related  to  Mr. 
Codman's  declarations  to  two  gentlemen 
previous  to  his  settlement,  that  "  he  ex- 
pected to  be  on  most  intimate  terms  of 


friendship  "  with  the  members  of  the  Bos- 
ton Association,  which  they  construed  as 
amounting  to  a  promise  to  exchange  with 
them.  The  other  specification  referred 
to  a  denial,  on  one  occasion,  of  having  cir- 
culated cards  in  Mr.  Harris's  parish.  They 
also  complained  that  the  pastor  had  re- 
fused audience  to  an  aggrieved  brother. 

After  evidence  had  been  presented  to 
justify  their  charges,  the  pastor  put  in 
such  papers  as  he  wished,  but  called  no 
witnesses,  and  said  nothing  by  way  of  re- 
crimination. Daniel  Davis,  Esq.,  Solici- 
tor General  of  Massachusetts,  appeared 
as  advocate  of  the  Church  and  of  the  mi- 
nority of  the  parish,  arguing  that  the  pro- 
ceedings against  the  pastor  had  been  op- 
pressive, and  the  attempt  to  force  him 
to  leave  his  Church  was  an  encroach- 
ment on  the  rights  of  his  clients.  He 
was  followed  by  Rev.  Joshua  Bates,  of 
Dedham,  (afterwards  the  president  of 
Middlebury  College)  as  the  personal 
friend  and  defender  of  Mr.  Codman. 

Hon.  Samuel  Dexter  closed  the  public 
discussion  by  a  three  hours'  speech,  which 
all  united  in  confessing  one  of  exti'aor- 
dinary  eloquence  and  power.  No  full  re- 
port of  it  exists,  but  from  notes  now  be- 
fore us,  which  were  taken  at  the  time, 
the  advocate  seems  to  have  treated  all 
doctrinal  differences  as  "  mere  matters  of 
speculation,"  and  often  left  the  close 
examination  of  the  facts  of  the  case  to 
descant,  with  impassioned  earnestness,  on 
the  beauty  of  Charity,  and  the  evolution 
of  Order,  from  the  diverse  and  apjiarently 
confused  movements  of  nature.  His  treat- 
ment of  Mr.  Codman  was,  in  general,  high- 
ly courteous,  though  he  did  intimate  once 
that  by  his  conduct  he  was  becoming  "not 
the  shepherd,  but  the  wolf  of  the  flock." 
The  list  of  complaints  on  paper  appeared 
somewhat  formidable,  but  the  only  point 
on  which  much  stress  was  laid,  was  that 
relating  to  exchanges  ;  It  was  even  stated 
authoritatively  by  Mr.  Dexter,  that  if  that 
were  out  of  the  way,  "all  other  difficul- 
ties could  be  settled  In  five  minutes." 

In  the  course  of  the  proceedings,  some 


8 


John  Codman. 


[Jan. 


of  the  charges,  those,  for  example,  con- 
cerning the  frequency  of  the  meetings, 
and  disrespect  to  his  brethren,  seem  to 
have  been  abandoned.  The  council  then, 
postponing  the  consideration  of  the  arti- 
cles respecting  exchanges,  voted  all  the 
rest  "  not  sustained,"  excepting  the  com- 
plaint referring  to  the  circulation  of  cards, 
which  they  deemed  "  an  indiscreet  and 
improper  act,"  "  though  it  is  not  proved 
that  there  was  an  evil  or  unchristian  de- 
sign in  the  transaction." 

These  votes  cleared  the  docket  of  all 
charges  affecting  Mr.  Codman's  character; 
but  the  main  point  remained  unadjudi- 
cated. 

The  discussion  of  this  commenced  in 
the  private  session  of  the  Council  on 
Tuesday  afternoon,  and  continued  till 
Wednesday  evening.  The  Reviewer  in 
the  Panoplist,  who  was  one  of  the  Coun- 
cil, gives  a  minute  account  of  the  coarse 
of  argument.  On  the  part  of  the  parish 
it  was  argued  in  substance,  that  the  refus- 
al to  exchange  with  many  of  the  Boston 
Association  was  a  denial  of  their  minis- 
terial character  and  a  condemnation  of 
them  unheard  ;  that  if  a  minister  is  un- 
worthy to  be  admitted  into  another's  pul- 
pit, he  is  unworthy  to  preach ;  that  if  a 
difference  in  regard  to  particular  doc- 
trines is  allowed  to  separate  between 
brethren,  it  is  impossible  to  tell  where  the 
evil  will  stop ;  that  in  this  case,  a  scruple 
was  needless,  since  no  minister  exchang- 
ing with  Mr.  Codman  would  enter  on 
controverted  points ;  and  that,  though  the 
pastor  has  the  right  of  controlling  his  own 
exchanges,  yet  the  people  have  their 
rights  also,  and  their  wishes  are  to  be  re- 
garded ;  and  if  the  pastor  cannot  do  this, 
he  would  be  "  very  useful  in  some  other 
place." 

On  the  other  side,  it  was  said,  that  Mr. 
Codman  had  always  refused,  before,  as 
well  as  after  his  settlement,  to  pledge  him- 
self to  exchange  with  any  man  or  body 
of  men,  though  ready  to  perform  whatev- 
er miglit  appear  to  be  his  duty ;  that  there 
was  an  effort  now  being  made  to  force 


upon  him  a  compulsory  system  of  ex- 
changes, contrary  to  all  reason,  contrary 
to  all  usage,  even  that  of  the  Boston  As- 
sociation ;  that  a  minister  has  not  only,  as 
all  admit,  a  legal  right  to  his  pulpit,  but 
must  exercise  his  discretion,  as  one  mor- 
ally responsible  for  the  instructions  given 
to  his  people;  that  he  may  have  good  rea- 
sons for  not  exchanging,  though  they  are 
such  that  he  cannot  mention  them  pub- 
licly ;  that  to  give  the  parish  the  right  of 
control  in  this  matter,  would  be  to  place 
the  minister  at  the  sport  of  temporary 
passions  and  prejudices ;  that  if  those 
who  would  preach  for  Mr.  Codman  would 
not  introduce  any  controverted  points, 
promiscuous  exchanges  would  not  enable 
his  opponents,  "to  hear  what  can  be  said  on 
all  sides,"  which  they  allege  as  a  main  rea- 
son for  such  exchanges,  and,  finally,  that 
true  charity  laments  over  the  sins  and  er- 
rors of  men,  but  does  not  deny  their  exist- 
ence,— that  she  "  rejoiceth  not  in  iniquity, 
but  rejoiceth  in  the  truth." 

The  motion  was  then  made,  "  That  in 
the  opinion  of  this  council,  the  aggrieved 
brethren  and  the  majority  of  this  parish 
have  just  cause  of  complaint  against  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Codman  for  having  neglected 
to  exchange  ministerial  labors  with  the 
ministers  of  the  Boston  Association  gen- 
erally." Upon  this  question  the  ministers 
and  delegates  were  equally  divided ;  those 
selected  by  either  party  coinciding  in  the 
wishes  of  those  who  called  them,  and  so 
the  motion  was  lost.  Had  it  prevailed, 
the  purpose  was  avowed  of  introducing 
another,  advising  the  dismission  of  the 
pastor,  unless  he  would  change  his  course. 

The  council  then  adjourned,  leaving 
the  main  point  of  dispute  still  undecided ; 
but  their  meeting  was  not  in  vain,  for 
their  decisions  impressed  the  community 
most  favorably  in  regard  to  Mr.  Codman's 
moral  character,  and  no  more  was  heard, 
save  on  a  single  occasion,  of  the  charges 
impeaching  that.  It  was  certainly  no 
slight  triumph  for  a  young  man,  placed 
in  circumstances  so  trying,  surrounded  so 
long  by  eves  watchful  for  errors,  to  escape 


I860.] 


John   Codman. 


9 


•with  so  full  a  vindication.  Indeed  the 
delegate  from  Medfield,  whose  pastor  was 
in  the  chair,  had  the  face  to  say  to  him  : 
"  I  am  not  willing  to  admit,  Mr.  Modera- 
tor, that  any  man  has  a  higher  res- 
pect for  his  minister  than  I  have  for  mine. 
Yet  I  think  it  probable  that  a  zealous, 
persevering  opposition  would  enable  his 
opposers  to  produce  more  instances  of 
what  some  persons  would  call  imprudence, 
than  have  been  produced  against  Mr. 
Codman." 

It  was  hoped  that  the  pastor's  oppo- 
nents would  now  quietly  withdraw;  but 
only  three  weeks  after  the  dissolution  of 
the  first  council,  a  Parish  Meeting  was 
held  with  reference  to  the  calling  of  a 
second,  and  a  Committee  chosen  for  that 
end.  It  was  proposed  to  drop  all  other 
complaints  except  that  regarding  exchan- 
ges, and  to  demand  a  dissolution  of  the 
pastoral  tie  on  acccount  of  the  divided 
state  of  the  Society. 

The  Church  at  once  rallied  to  the  sup- 
port of  its  pastor.  A  Committee  to  whom 
the  expediency  of  uniting  in  the  proposed 
Council  was  referred,  reported  at  length, 
expressing  the  most  full  satisfaction  in  his 
labors,  and  testifying  to  the  blessing  that 
had  attended  them.  They  declared  their 
opinion  that  there  is  "  no  just  cause  "  for 
his  dismission,  and  that  they  should  regard 
that  event  as  "  an  awful  calamity."  They 
assigned  six  weighty  reasons  why  the  call- 
ing of  another  Council  is  objectionable  ; 
but  yet  recommended  assenting  to  such  a 
course  should  the  parish  insist. 

The  parish  did  insist,  and  accordingly 
each  party  designated  four  churches  to  be 
invited.  The  venerable  Dr.  Lathrop,  of 
West  Springfield,  was  mutually  agreed 
upon  as  Moderator  and  Umpire,  it  being 
thought  quite  probable,  from  former  ex- 
perience, that  the  other  ministers  and  del- 
egates would  be  equally  divided.  Besides 
the  Moderator,  the  Council  consisted  of 
Dr.  Prentiss,  of  Medfield ;  Dr.  Worcester, 
of  Salem;  Rev.  Daniel  Dana,  of  New- 
buryport,  and  Rev.  Samuel  Stearns,  of 
Bedford,  with  their  delegates,  selected  by 


the  Church  ;  Dr.  Barnard,  of  Salem  ;  Dr. 
Reed,  of  Bridgewater  ;  Rev.  John  Allyne, 
of  Duxbury,  and  Rev.  Nathaniel  Thayer, 
of  Lancaster,  with  their  delegates,  selected 
by  the  parish.  To  this  body  was  referred 
the  question  as  to  exchanges,  and  also  the 
expediency  of  sundering  the  connection 
between  Mr.  Codman  and  the  parish ; 
the  Church,  by  a  decided  vote,  refusing  to 
submit  any  question  as  to  his  dismission 
from  his  charge  over  them.  A  paper 
was  presented,  signed  by  three  hun- 
dred and  five  attendants  on  his  min- 
istry, expressing  an  earnest  desire  to 
enjoy  his  services  in  future  ;  and  it  was 
stated  that  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
Church  members,  all  but  seven  or  eight 
were  of  the  same  mind. 

The  Council  met  May  12,  1812,  and 
continued  in  session  till  May  14th.  The 
principal  subject  acted  on  was  expressed 
in  the  following  motion  :  "  In  the  opinion 
of  this  Council,  it  is  expedient  that  the 
ministerial  and  pastoral  relation  between 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Codman  and  the  Second 
Parish  in  Dorchester,  be  dissolved." 

Upon  this,  the  ministers  and  churches 
selected  by  the  parish  voted  in  the  affirm- 
ative ;  the  others  in  the  negative.  The 
Moderator  then  gave  his  casting  vote  in 
the  negative  ;  accompanying  it  by  the  fol- 
lowing explanation  in  the  published  re- 
sult :  "  I  gave  my  vote  in  the  negative,  on 
a  full  belief  and  strong  persuasion,  that 
from  this  time  forward,  Mr.  Codman  would 
open  a  more  free  and  liberal  intercourse 
with  his  ministerial  brethren,  and  thus 
remove  the  only  objection  alleged  against 
him,  and  the  only  reason  urged  for  his 
dismission.  If  his  future  conduct  should 
be  the  same  as  in  time  past,  in  this  re- 
spect, I  should  be  much  disappointed  and 
grieved  ;  and  if  I  should  find  myself  thus 
disappointed,  I  should  certainly  have  no 
hesitancy  in  giving  my  vote  for  his  dis- 
mission, if  called  in  Providence  to  give 
my  voice  on  the  question." 

The  Council  added  some  friendly  obser- 
vations, exhorting  to  prudence  and  tender- 
ness in  the  matter  of  exchanges,  and  to 


10 


John   Codman. 


[Jan. 


mutual  kindness,  to  which  all  agreed ; 
each  doubtless  interpreting  the  words  in 
accordance  with  his  own  views. 

Thus  the  second  Council  left  Mr.  Cod- 
man  in  possession  of  his  pulpit,  with  no 
definite  settlement  of  the  disputed  point. 
He  felt,  however,  that  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Moderator  was  entitled  to  re- 
spect ;  and  endeavored,  so  far  as  his  prin- 
ciples would  possibly  allow,  to  conform  to 
it.  He  soon  made  an  exchange  with  Dr. 
Lathrop,  and  proposed  such  an  arrange- 
ment with  two  others  belonging  to  the 
Boston  Association.  But  his  opponents 
were  not  satisfied  ;  indeed,  it  is  beyond 
question  that  these  partial  concessions  only 
increased  the  excitement ;  and  a  corres- 
pondence ensued,  in  the  progress  of  which, 
even  the  forms  of  respect  and  courtesy 
were,  on  their  part,  laid  aside.  The  let- 
ters have  never  been  printed,  but  authen- 
tic copies  are  preserved.  The  demand 
was  made  for  a  definite  promise  to  ex- 
change with  certain  specified  individuals, 
which  was  refused  ;  subsequently,  the  old 
complaint  against  the  pastor  was  renewed: 
"  Are  one  or  two  exchanges,"  it  was 
asked,  "  to  be  all  the  indulgence  we  are 
to  receive,  and  they,  with  so  long  an  in- 
tervening space,  that  expectation  lan- 
guished through  weariness  ?" 

With  strange  inconsistency,  however, 
Mr.  Codman  was  reproached  for  what  he 
had  already  done,  and  asked  the  "  serious 
question,"  "  How  can  you  expect  to 
answer,  at  the  bar  of  God,  the  admission 
of  Dr.  Lathrop  to  the  pulpit  ?" 

The  reply  to  this  was  calm,  decided, 
kind ;  asserting  a  desire  to  comply  with 
the  result  of  the  Council, — stating  ex- 
plicitly, "  I  think  it  my  duty  not  to  ask  a 
dismission," — and  expressing  the  hope 
"  that  God,  of  his  infinite  mercy,  will  give 
me  some  of  those  who  now  oppose  me  for 
the  seal  of  my  ministry,  and  that  they 
will  yet  thank  the  man  who  dared  to  be 
faithful  to  their  souls,  at  the  risk  of  their 
displeasure." 

Matters  now  hastened  to  a  crisis.  At 
a  Parish  Meeting,  Nov.  24th,  1812,  a  Com- 


mittee was  appointed  to  wait  on  the  pas- 
tor, desiring  him  to  ask  a  dismission. 
Upon  his  declining  to  do  this,  a  motion 
Avas  passed,  by  fifty-five  affirmative  votes 
against  forty-five  in  the  negative,  de- 
claring that  he  had  "  forfeited  his  office," 
and  that  the  parish  would  no  longer  allow 
him  to  preach  in  their  meeting-house,  or 
pay  him  any  salary.  Twelve  reasons  were 
assigned  for  this,  being  in  the  main  a  re- 
statement, in  severer  language,  of  the 
charges  made  to  the  first  Council. 

A  Committee  was  also  appointed  to 
"  carry  into  effect  the  aforesaid  vote,  and 
to  supply  the  pulpit." 

On  the  next  Sabbath,  Nov.  29th,  when 
Mr.  Codman  entered  the  church,  he  found 
eight  men  posted  on  the  pulpit  stairs — 
four  on  each  side — to  prevent  his  passing. 
Advancing,  however,  with  a  determina- 
tion to  maintain  his  rights,  he  crowded 
hard  upon  them,  demanding  admission  to 
his  pulpit.  Dea.  Badlam,  who  was  a 
magistrate,  in  the  name  of  the  Common- 
wealth, also  ordered  them  to  desist  from 
their  unlawful  purpose.  Finding  they 
would  not  yield,  Mr.  Codman  commenced 
the  public  services,  standing  below.  While 
he  was  engaged  in  prayer,  a  preacher 
employed  by  the  Committee  of  the  parish 
was  admitted  into  the  pulpit ;  the  services, 
however,  proceeded  without  interruption. 
At  their  close,  after  addressing  the  preach- 
er by  name,  and  forbidding  him  to  officiate 
in  that  place,  Mr.  Codman  and  his  friends 
left  the  house. 

The  intruder  then  went  through  with 
the  usual  exercises,  had  a  very  short  inter- 
mission, lunched  in  the  meeting-house, 
and  was  nearly  through  his  second  ser- 
mon, when  the  pastor  and  his  friends 
assembled  for  worship  in  the  afternoon. 

The  other  service  having  been  com- 
pleted, he  entered  his  pulpit  and  preached 
as  usual ;  having,  on  the  floor  of  the  house, 
two  hundred  and  twenty  auditors,  while 
the  other  preacher  had  only  forty- 
eight.  It  was  a  most  exciting  day ;  and 
those  who  remain,  who  witnessed  its 
scenes,   still    speak    of   them    with    the 


I860.] 


John   Codman. 


11 


deepest  feeling.  A  mother  in  Israel  once 
assured  us  that  she  sung  in  church  on 
that  day  with  full  voice,  though  she  never 
could  sing  before  or  since  ! 

On  the  morrow,  it  was  evident  that  the 
authors  of  this  outrage  had  overreached 
themselves.  From  all  sides  came  a  cry  of 
condemnation ;  their  own  friends  refused 
to  defend  them ;  and  that  very  day  they 
were  induced  to  otTer  terms  of  compro- 
mise. An  arrangement  was  soon  con- 
cluded, in  substance  the  same  which  had 
been  before  rejected  by  the  opponents  of 
the  pastor,  by  which  they  relinquished  to 
him  and  his  friends  all  their  pews,  at  the 
original  cost,  at  the  same  time  promising 
to  take  no  further  part  in  parish  aSairs. 

The  bond  to  purchase  the  pews,  which 
was  the  ratification  of  this  treaty  of  peace, 
was  signed  on  the  7th  of  December,  1812, 
the  fourth  anniversary  of  Mr.  Codman's 
ordination,  and  three  years  and  a  day 
from  the  commencement  of  declared  hos- 
tility. 

•We  should  not  have  occupied  so  much 
space  with  the  details  of  this  struggle,  did 
we  not  believe  it  to  have  a  historical  value. 
The  whole  Christian  community  at  the 
time  felt  a  deep  interest  in  it,  and  its  re- 
sult settled  an  important  question  as  to 
a  pastor's  right  to  the  control  of  his  pul- 
pit, and  also  hastened  the  separation, 
which  soon  afterwards  took  place  between 
those,  who,  while  essentially  differing  and 
known  to  differ,  had  kept  up  the  form  of 
a  hollow  truce  and  the  appearance  of  a 
fellowship  which  was  not  real.  We  may 
regret,  but  we  cannot  deny,  that  the  sep- 
aration was  necessary.  It  is  evident  from 
the  accuracy  with  which  ministers  were 
selected  by  both  sides  so  as  to  favor  their 
own  views,  that  a  division  into  two  classes 
already  existed,  and  was  only  manifested, 
not  made,  when  they  separated.^ 

1  As  to  the  motives  which  influenced  Mr.  Codman, 
■we  are  willing  to  leave  his  actions  and  written  words 
to  speak  for  themselves.  A  writer  in  the  Christian 
Examinfr  for  Sept.,  1855,  has  ascribed  to  him  an 
"  artful  and  politic  "  course,  prompted  by  a  natural 
fondness  for  power,  and  "  the  ambition  of  being  a 
party  leader."    But  was  not  his  declaration  of  his 


We  gladly  turn  now  to  the  brighter 
scenes  which  filled  the  remainder  of  Dr. 
Codman's  life."  We  trust  the  impression 
has  not  been  left  by  the  space  occupied 
by  this  controversy  that  he  was,  in  spirit 
or  in  act,  a  man  of  strife.  Far  otherwise. 
The  quiet  labors  of  benevolence  and 
piety  were  the  ones  congenial  to  him,  and 
though  he  always  felt  that  God  had  called 
him  to  contend  for  the  truth,  it  was  a  duty 
sent,  not  sought. 

He  was  now  left  with  a  united  Church 
and  a  united  Society.  Those  who  had 
suffered  together  had  become  closely 
bound  in  one,  and  with  many  the  years 
of  conflict  had  been  a  season  of  much 
prayer  and  spiritual  growth.^ 

By  an  interesting  compensation,  the 
severest  trial  of  his  life  led  to  his  highest 
earthly  joy.  While  visiting  Newburyport, 
to  seek  advice  and  aid  in  the  perplexities 
which  beset  him,  he  became  acquainted 
with  the  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Wheel- 
wright, Esq.,  a  respected  merchant  of 
that  town.  To  her  he  was  married  on 
the  19th  of  January,  1813,  and  to  the 
day  of  his  death  she  was  a  comfort  and 
aid.  Attractive  in  person  and  manners, 
of  unusual  power  and  activity  of  mind, 
endowed  with  great  executive  ability, 
gifted  with  remarkable  conversational  tal- 
ent, and  having  all  her  gifts  and  graces 
crowned  by  a  cheerful  and  devoted  piety, 

faith  and  doctrinal  sympathies  explicit  from  the  first  ? 
And  does  not  his  correspondence  show  a  constraining 
sense  of  responsibility,  as  one  entrusted  with  the  care 
of  souls  ?  In  the  article  referred  to,  from  beginning  to 
end  much  stress  is  laid  on  the  asserted  fact  that  he  led 
his  parishioners,  before  his  settlement,  to  expect  that 
he  would  pursue  a  different  course  in  regard  to  ex- 
changes from  that  which  he  afterwards  adopted.  But 
let  it  be  remembered  that  he  uniformly  denied  this, 
and  further,  that  this  very  point  was  brought  before 
the  first  council  under  the  charge  of  deception,  and 
by  a  vote  of  20  to  3,  they  pronounced  the  charge  not 
sustained. 

-  He  received  the  Degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
from  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1822,  and  from 
Harvard  College  in  1840. 

3  It  was  at  this  juncture  that  a  Ladies'  Weekly 
Prayer  Meeting  was  established,  the  meetings  of 
which  have  never  been  intermitted,  and,  though  its 
fiftieth  anniversary  is  near,  are  still  attended  by  sev- 
eral of  the  original  members. 


12 


John  Codman. 


[Jan. 


she  "was  indeed  "  an  help  meet  for  him." 
Few  pastor's  wives  have  entered  so  fully 
into  their  husbands'  labors,  or  so  closely 
united  their  influence  with  his.  Her 
memory  survives,  fragrant  as  his  own,  in 
the  homes  blessed  by  their  joint  ministra- 
tions. 

The  years  of  a  happy  domestic  life  in 
the  midst  of  an  increasing  family,  and  of 
a  peaceful  and  diligent  ministry,  passed 
rapidly  by. 

We  have  no  more  unusual  or  exciting 
events  to  detail,  and  we  leave  the  order 
of  chronoloj^ical  narration. 

From  this  time  onward  for  thirty-five 
years.  Dr.  Codman  was  mainly  employed 
in  quiet  labors  among  the  people  of  his 
charge.  The  only  rest  he  sought  was  in 
occasional  journeys,  and  in  three  visits  to 
Europe.  His  longest  absence  was  in  1835, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  a  special 
deputation  to  the  Congregational  Union 
and  Benevolent  Societies  of  Great  Brit- 
ain. He  was  cordially  received,  and 
spoke  at  a  large  number  of  the  London 
Anniversaries  in  May  of  that  year.  Of 
this  journey  he  published  a  record  in  a 
volume  entitled  "  A  Visit  to  England." 
But  from  all  his  wanderings  he  returned 
with  delight  to  his  cherished  home  and 
appointed  work. 

As  a  pastor,  he  was  most  affectionate 
and  faithful.  No  class  among  his  people 
was  neglected.  His  tender  sympathies 
brought  him  very  near  to  the  afflicted. 
Though  himself  wealthy,  the  poorest  were 
never  forgotten  or  despised.  He  loved  to 
gather  the  children  around  him,  and  once, 
at  least,  each  year,  he  welcomed  all  to  his 
house  and  grove,  when  they  Avere  sure  of 
having  a  merry  time. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  always  earnest 
and  evangelical;  not  so  much  seeking 
profound  or  brilliant  thoughts  as  pouring 
forth  the  emotions  of  a  loving  heart ;  fre- 
quently dwelling  on  topics  of  Christian 
experience  ;  delighting  in  the  Scriptures, 
and  preaching  much  textually,  or  ex- 
pounding choice  passages  ;  especially  glad 
to  speak  of  the  love  of  Jesus.     "  Of  this," 


he  said  in  his  twentieth  anniversary  ser- 
mon, "  I  have  never  tired,  and  it  is  as 
new  and  fresh  to  me  to-day,  as  it  was  the 
first  time  I  ascended  this  desk."  His  dis- 
courses were  peculiarly  noted  for  their 
appropriateness.  He  was  skillful  in  im- 
proving occasions,  and  saying  the  right 
thing  at  the  right  time.  Therefore  his 
services  were  acceptable,  not  only  to  his 
own  people,  but  in  the  surrounding 
churches,  and  were  often  sought  at  ordi- 
nations and  anniversaries.  During  his 
ministry  his  Church  increased  with  a 
steady  growth.  Even  during  the  period 
of  strife,  he  was  cheered  by  tokens  of  the 
power  of  truth,  and  there  was  but  one 
year  subsequently  in  which  he  did  not 
receive  members,  both  by  letter  and  pro- 
fession. The  years  1827,  1840  and  1842, 
were  especially  "  times  of  refreshing,"  in 
which  more  than  one  hundred  were  hope- 
fully converted. 

But  it  is  more  easy  to  see  and  feel  than 
to  describe  the  influence  of  a  prolonged 
and  devoted  ministry  like  his.  Had  he 
changed  from  place  to  place,  there  would 
have  been  more  variety  and  excitement, 
but  we  doubt  whether  he  would  have  ac- 
complished more.  As  it  was,  his  life 
moulded  the  life  of  his  people  ;  not  their 
opinions,  merely,  but  the  tone  of  thought 
and  feeling.  His  warm  and  steady  love 
Avon  theirs  in  return.  To  a  large  number, 
he  was  the  only  pastor  they  ever  knew. 
He  had  baptized  them,  patted  them  on 
the  head  in  childhood,  received  them  into 
the  Church,  married  them,  baptized  their 
children,  sympathized  with  them  in  their 
sorrows  as  well  as  joys.  How  could  any 
transient  laborer  gain  a  hold  and  place 
like  his  V  His  Avork  Avas  so  Avell  compact- 
ed that  it  survived  him;  he  so  welded 
the  Church  together,  that  they  have  kept 
united  ever  since.  His  memory  is  fondly 
cherished,  and  his  words  (quoted  reverent- 
ly to  this  day.  These  are  not  shoAvy  re- 
sults, but  they  are  real  and  blessed. 

While  thus  laboring  at  home.  Dr.  Cod- 
man Avas  ahvays  a  ready  helper  and  con- 
tributor to  all  enterprises  of  Christian  be- 


I860.] 


John   Codman. 


13 


nevolence.  AVhen  the  American  Tract 
Society  was  organized  at  Boston,  in  1814, 
he  was  chosen  the  First  Corresponding 
Secretary,  and  after  holding  that  office 
for  seven  years,  became  one  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
thirteen  who,  in  1825,  met  in  Boston  and 
recommended  the  formation  of  a  National 
Home  Missionary  Society,  and  for  over 
twenty  years,  was  an  active  member  and 
presiding  officer  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Massachusetts  Missionary  Socie- 
ty. The  cause  of  Foreign  Missions  also 
■was  dear  to  him,  and  for  twenty-one  years 
he  was  a  corporate  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Board.  Nor  did  he  forget  to  help  for- 
ward candidates  for  the  ministry,  estab- 
lishing a  scholarship  in  connection  with 
the  American  Education  Society,  and 
showing  his  interest  in  the  Theological 
School  at  Andover,  of  which  he  was  for 
several  years  a  visitor,  by  a  donation  of 
fonts  of  Hebrew  and  Greek  type,  and 
by  the  bequest  of  1,300  valuable  volumes 
to  its  Library.  Such  specifications  might 
easily  be  nmltiplled.  Well  has  It  been 
asked,  "  What  enterprise  of  benevolence 
ever  urged  a  just  claim  on  the  pecuniary 
support  of  the  Church,  that  met  not  a 
cordial  response  from  him  ? "  He  was 
always  a  generous  giver.  When  the 
"  Village  Church,"  In  Dorchester,  was 
organized,  he  contributed  largely  to  the 
erection  of  a  sanctuary  and  the  suppoi't 
of  preaching,  the  whole  amount  of  his 
donations  being  nearly  $4,000. 

Much  of  his  time  was  also  employed  In 
attendance  on  Ecclesiastical  Councils, 
where  his  advice  was  much  valued,  espe- 
cially as  a  peace-maker  in  cases  of  diffi- 
culty. He  had  unusual  skill  in  reading 
character,  and  that  intuitive  judgment 
which  discerns,  rather  than  reasons  out, 
the  right  course. 

Besides  all  these  claims  upon  him,  he 
■was  "  given  to  hospitality."  His  residence 
was  beautifully  situated,  and  commanded 
an  extensive  prospect  of  land  and  sea. 
Upon  this  he  used  to  gaze  with  untiring 
VOL.  II.  2 


delight;  and  repeat,  as  he  pointed  out  ob- 
jects of  special  attraction, 

"  Scenes  must  be  beautiful  which,  daily  view'd, 
Please  daily." 

What  a  large  circle  of  connections  and 
friends,  and  how  many  clerical  visitors 
from  this  and  other  lands,  were  welcomed 
to  this  spot.  In  the  olden  time,  when 
ministers  made  free  with  each  other's 
houses,  strangers  would  come  not  unfre- 
quently,  with  wagons,  wives  and  chil- 
dren, and  they  were  never  coldly  received, 
nor  sent  empty  away.  The  heart  of  the 
master  of  the  house  was  large  enough  for 
all;  and  his  genial  and  kindly  temper 
and  cheerful  sociability,  made  all  truly  at 
home.  So  favored  seemed  his  lot,  that 
we  hardly  wonder  that  one  of  his  visitors 
exclaimed,  as  if  in  surprise,  "  all  this,  and 
heaven  too  ?'' 

It  is  generally  considered  a  wise  dis- 
pensation of  Providence,  that  ministers 
have  not  a  large  portion  of  worldly  goods ; 
and  we  have  heard  of  a  parish  so  anxious 
to  carry  out  the  divine  will,  that  they  said 
in  substance  to  their  pastor,  "  the  Lord 
keep  you  humble,  and  we  '11  keep  you 
poor ;"  but  we  are  glad  that  some  are 
raised  up,  like  Dr.  Codman,  to  show  that 
a  large  estate  does  not  necessarily  ruin 
them,  nor  unfit  one  to  be  a  lowly  and 
devoted  pastor.  He  might,  at  any  time, 
have  retired  fiom  his  office  and  lived 
upon  his  income  ;  but  no  duty  was  avoid- 
ed, no  liberty  taken  on  that  account.  It 
was  his  joy  to  spend  his  strength  In  the 
labors  of  his  calling,  and  his  wish  to  cease 
from  them  only  when  his  life  ended. 

God  granted  his  desire.  The  thirty- 
ninth  year  of  his  ministry  was  drawing  to 
its  close,  befoi-e  his  strength  began  to  fail. 
More  than  a  whole  generation  had  passed 
away  since  he  had  commenced  his  work. 
Of  over  eighty  members  of  the  Church 
who  had  welcomed  his  coming,  eleven 
only  remained.  On  the  5th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1847,  he  entei'ed  the  sanctuary  for 
the  last  time.  It  was  a  communion  Sab- 
bath.    He  had  first  met  his  people  at  a 


14 


A  Feiij  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


[Jan. 


Preparatory  Lecture  ;  lie  was  to  bid  them 
farewell  at  the  table  of  the  Lord. 

May  we  also  mention,  as  a  coincidence 
which  appeared  striking  at  the  time,  that 
on  that  day  he  conducted  him,  who  was 
afterwards  chosen  to  succeed  him  in  office, 
to  the  pulpit  stairs,  which  he  himself  was 
too  feeble  to  ascend  ;  so  that  the  work  of 
the  one  ended,  and  of  the  other  began,  in 
the  same  service. 

After  the  sermon,  with  trembling  hands 
he  distributed  the  emblems  of  the  Saviour's 
love ;  and  with  a  voice  quivering  with 
emotion,  as  his  eyes  streamed  with  tears, 
commended  his  loved  flock  to  the  care  of 
the  chief  Shepherd. 

A  mysterious  malady,  the  nature  of 
which  the  physicians  could  not  determine, 
was  attacking  the  seat  of  life ;  and  eighteen 
days  followed,  of  increasing  weakness  and 
pain.  His  mind  was  calm  ;  his  sense  of 
the  preciousness  of  Christ  deep  and 
cheering ;  his  confidence  In  the  faithful- 
ness of  God  unwavering.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  23d  of  December,  in  the  66th 
year  of  his  age,  and  the  40th  of  his  min- 
istry, he  fell  asleep.  Just  as  the  sun  was 
rising,  the  church-bell  which  for  so  many 
years  had  called  the  people  to  meet  their 
beloved  and  revered  pastor,  tolled  forth 
the  tidings  of  his  death.  How  did  the 
hearts  of  hundreds  vibrate  at  each  sad 
stroke.  Few  words  were  spoken  that 
morning  ;  many  tears  were  shed. 

In  the  sanctuary,  fitly  shrouded  with 
badges  of  mourning,  the  last  rites  were 
performed.  Dr.  Storrs,  of  Braintree,  the 
constant,  sympathizing,  and  valued  friend 
of  the  deceased,  preached  the  funeral  dis- 


course ;  Rev.  William  M.  Rogers,  of  Bos- 
ton, who  had  been  trained  under  his  min- 
istry, offered  the  funeral  prayer ;  a  long 
and  sad  procession  of  relatives,  parishion- 
ers, and  clergymen  of  various  denomina- 
tions, followed  the  body  to  the  tomb. 
A  few  months  afterwards  It  was  removed 
to  a  spot,  which  he  had  selected  and  given 
as  a  parish  cemetery :  where  his  friends 
have  placed  a  plain,  but  enduring  monu- 
ment, and  on  It  inscribed  his  name,  and 
these  words, — "  Our  Pastor."' 

A  simple  epitaph,  but  how  expressive 
to  those  among  whom  he  had  labored  for 
nearly  forty  years.  As  the  wise,  affec- 
tionate, devoted  Pastor,  he  will  long  be 
remembered  in  Dorchester ;  while  in  a 
larger  circle  his  name  will  be  honored  as 
that  of  one,  ready  not  only  to  labor,  but 
to  suffer  in  the  service  of  Christ ;  and 
who  labored  and  suffered,  not  In  vain. 

Note. — Dr.  Codman  had  eight  children,  two 
of  whom  died  in  infancy  ;  three  sons  and  three 
daughters  survived  him,  and  are  still  living. 
In  IS-to,  his  second  daughter  was  married  to 
Rev.  William  A.  Peabody,  then  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  Church  in  East  Randolph. 
Mr.  Peabody  was  born  in  Salem,  Ms.,  grad- 
\iated  at  Amherst  in  1835,  and  was  settled  in 
East  Randolph  in  1843.  Having  acceptably 
filled  the  pastoral  office  there  for  six  years,  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Latin  in  Amherst 
College,  and  entered  on  his  labors  with  buoy- 
ant enthusiasm.  After  only  six  months  of 
service,  he  died  in  February,  1850,  at  the  age 
of  thirty-four.  His  courteous  manners,  quick 
intelligence,  cheerful,  ardent  and  affectionate 
disposition,  made  him  greatly  beloved  by  all 
who  knew  him ;  and  his  early  death  was 
mourned  as  a  severe  loss  to  the  College,  and 
to  the  Church. 


A  FEW  NOTES  OF  OLD  LIBRARIES. 


BY    REV,    HENRY    M.    DEXTER. 


An  essay  on  the  general  subject  of  old  some  scattered  memoranda  of  ancient  11- 

books,  or  old  collections  of  them,  how-  brarles  of  monks  and  theologians,  liave 

ever  welcome  in   itself,  would  hardly  be  accumulated  in  the  possession  of  the  wri- 

germane  to  the  specialty  of  these  pages ;  ter,  which    may  be   of   general   interest, 

and  Is   not  to  be  here   attempted.     But  and  some  of  them  arc  here  set  down,  in  a 


I860.] 


A  Feiv  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


15 


desultory  way,  ratlier  as  a  relief  for  the 
reader's  mind  between  graver  and  greater 
matters,  than  for  any  other  purpose  ;  and 
yet  in  the  feeling  that  whatever  intro- 
duces us  more  closely  to  the  inward  life 
of  the  scholars  of  the  past  must  needs  be 
grateful  to  every  true  scholar  of  the  pre- 
sent. An  exact  list  of  the  works  on  the 
shelves  of  Francis  Bacon,  or  John  Milton, 
(we  have  John  Bunyan's,^  at  the  grandest 
period  of  his  life)  would  be  hailed  as  a 
new  tie  between  their  minds  and  ours. 
In  a  gentler  temper  than  that  of  Cassius 
we  love  to  inquire,  concerning  each  impe- 
rial spirit  in  the  world  of  letters  : 

"  Upoa  what  meat  doth  this  oar  Cassar  feed, 
That  he  is  growu  so  great  ?  •' 

There  were  libraries  that  deserved  the 
name — even  by  the  side  of  the  choicest 
collections  of  our  day,  long  before  there 
was  such  a  thing  as  a  printed,  or  even  a 
bound  volume.  But,  with  the  exception 
of  the  general  notion  that  the  old  collec- 
tions comprised  the  Classics,  the  Scrip- 
tures, the  comments  of  the  Fathers,  and 
the  contests  of  the  Schoolmen,  we  have 
little  idea  of  them  except  as  proofs  of  an 
industry  and  carefulness  on  the  part  of 
the  transcribers  which  argue  that  they 
had  culture  enough  to  make  the  drudgery 
a  labor  of  love.  Copying  was  reduced  to 
a  system  in  nearly  every  monastery.  The 
"  Scri[itorium  "  was  daily  witness  of  the 
systematic  toils  of  such  monks  as  had  taste, 
skill  and  will  in  that  direction  ;  and  was 
sometimes  supported  by  funds  given  for 
that  express  purpose.  Matthew,  of  Paris, 
(p.  51)  tells  us  that  Robert,  one  of  the 
Norman  leaders,  gave  two  parts  of  the 
tythes  of  Hitfield,  and  the  tythes  of  Red- 
burn,  for  the  support  of  tlie  Scriptorium 
of  St.  Albans;  and  in  the  church  of  Ely 
there   is  a   charter   of    Bishop  Nigellus, 

1  While  in  prison,  and  writing  the  Pilgrim''s  Pro- 
gress, he  had  only  the  Bible,  the  Concordance  and 
Fox's  Bonk  of  Martyrs.  We  know  that  he  had  read, 
at  a  later  dafe,  Tlie  Plain  MaiVs  Pathway,  Practice 
of  Piety,  Lvlher  on  the  Galatians,  Clarke's  Looking 
Glass  for  Saints  and  Sinners,  Dndd  on  the  C0771- 
viamlntents,  Andrew''s  Si-r7nons,  Fowler^s  Design  of 
Christtanity,  and  D'Anver's  and  Paul  on  Baptism. 


granting  to  the  Scriptorium  of  the  monas- 
tery the  tythes  of  Wythessey  and  Impitor, 
and  two  parts  of  the  tythes  of  the  Lord- 
ship of  Pampesward,  with  2s.  2d.  and  a 
messuage  in  Ely,  ad  faclendos  et  emeri- 
dandos  libros.  ^ 

The  utmost  care  was  taken  to  ensure 
the  correctness  of  this  copying.  Silence 
was  enforced  while  it  was  going  on,  lest 
some  collateral  remark  should  insensibly 
steal  in  to  confuse  or  corrupt  the  text ; 
and  it  was  common  for  authors  to  affix  or 
prefix  to  their  works  a  special  admonition 
to  care  in  copying.  Thus^lfric's  "  Hom- 
ilies," as  found  in  the  Lansdowne  IMSS.  in 
the  British  Museum  (No.  373,  vol.  iv.; 
has  this  preface  : 

"  I  adjure  you  who  shall  transcribe  this 
book,  by  our  lord  Jesus  X',  and  his  glo- 
rious coming,  who  will  come  to  judge  the 
quick  and  the  dead,  that  you  compare 
what  you  transcribe  and  diligently  correct 
it  by  the  copy  from  which  you  transcriijC 
it — this  adjuration  included — and  insert  it 
in  your  copy." 

Alcuin^  has  preserved  certain  verses 
which  were  sometimes  hung  upon  the 
wails  of  the  Scriptorium,  by  way  of  ad- 
monition to  silence  and  care. 

"Uic  sideant  sacras  scribentes  famina  legis. 
Nee  non  sanctorum  dicta  sacrata  Patruin. 
IIssc  interserere  caveant  sua  frivola  yerbi.-. 
Frivola  neo  propter  erret  et  ipsa  manus  : 

Correctosque  sibi  quserant  studiose  libellos, 
Tramite  quo  recto  penna  volantis  eat. 

Per  cola  distiuquant  proprios,  et  commata  sen<UJ, 
Et  punctos  ponant  ordiae  quosque  suo. 

Ne  vel  falsa  legat,  taceat  vel  forte  repente. 

Ante  pios  fratres,  lector  in  Ecclesia. 
Est  opus  egregium  sacros  jam  scribete  libros. 

Nee  mercede  sua  scriptor  et  ipse  caret. 

Fodere  quam  vites,  melius  est  scribere  libros, 

llle  suo  ventri  serviet,  iste  animas. 
Vel  nova,  rel  Vetera  poterit  proferre  magister 

Plurima,  quisque  legit  dicta  sacrata  Patrum." 

It  is  a  curious  fact,  and  one  now  little 
known,  that  the  scarceness  and  dearuess 
of  books  in  those  days  of  the  copyists,  led 
to  the  adoption  of  an  expedient  closely 
resembling  our  modern  circulating  libra- 

2  Stevenson''s  Supp.  to  Bentham^s  Church  of  Nor- 
wich, 4:to,  1817,  p.  .51. 

3  Alcuini  Opera,  torn.  ii.  vol.  i,  p.  211.  Carm.  xvii. 


16 


A  Few  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


[J.VN. 


ries.  In  1342,  a  law  was  passed  in  Paris, 
compelling  all  dealers  in  books  to  keep 
copies  to  lend  or  lease,  and  to  hang  out 
catalogues  of  such  books  with  the  prices 
of  reading  them  affixed,  so  that  the  stu- 
dent might  know,  beforehand,  how  large 
would  be  the  demand  his  eyes  would 
make  upon  his  purse.  Such  libraries  ex- 
isted in  Toulouse,  Vienna,  and  Boulogne, 
at  least,  as  well  as  in  Paris.  Chevillier 
(^Origines  de  Vlniprimerie  de  Paris,  4to., 
1694,  p.  319)  gives  a  list  of  such  books, 
and  prices,  which  is  very  curious,  and 
from  which  we  make  the  following  ex- 
tract : 

"  St.  Gregory's  Commentaries  upon  Job  ;  for  reading 
100  pages,      sous. 

"  St.  Gregory's  Book  of  Homilies ;  28  pages  for  12  de- 
niers. 

"  Isidore's  De  Summa  bona,  24  pages  ;  12  deniers. 

"  Anselm's  De  Yeritate  de  Libertate  Arbltrii ;  40  pa- 
ges, 2  sous. 

"  Peter  Lombard's  Book  of  Sentences  ;  3  sous. 

"  Scholastic  History  ;  3  sous. 

"  Augustine's  Confessions,  21  pages  ;  4  deniers. 

"  Gloss  on  Matthew,  by  brother  Thomas  Aquinas  ; 
57  pages,  3  sous. 

"  Bible  Concordance ;  9  sous. 

"A  Bible;  10  sous." 

This  rate  was  fixed  by  the  University, 
and  the  borrower  had  the  privilege  of 
transcribing,  if  he  chose. 

The  size  of  the  monkish  libraries  of 
'which  we  have  account,  at  least  in  Eng- 
land, was  not  usually  large — in  our  sense. 
The  See  of  Durham,  in  the  1 2th  century, 
was  said  to  have  "  a  great  number  of 
books,"  but  its  catalogue  (Sutiee  Publica- 
tions, vol.  i.  p.  i.)  falls  a  little  short  of  300 
names.  The  collection  made  by  the 
famed  mediajval  bibliophile,  Richard  de 
Bury,  which  was  catalogued  by  himself, 
(^Philohihlon,  xix.)  seems  to  have  been 
altogether  the  finest  of  that  day. 

The  larger  monasteries  had  nearly  al- 
ways, the  works  of  Ambrose,  Anselm, 
Augustine,  Alcuin,  Basil,  Bernard,  Bede, 
Cassiodorus,  Chrysostom,  Eusebius,  Ful- 
gentius,  Grcgorius,  Ilillarius,  Jerome,  Lan- 
franc,  Lombardus,  ISIacrobius,  Origcn, 
Prosper,  and  the  finest  of  the  Roman  and 
Greek  classics.  The  smaller  were  less 
select.     Dugdale's  Monasticon  (vol.  iv.  p. 


1G7)  gives  the  following  catalogue  of  the 
complete  library  of  Depying  Priory,  in 
Lincolnshire,  about  A.  D.  1350  —  being 
twenty-three  volumes. 

The  Bible. 

The  first  part  of  the  Morals  of  Pope  St.  Gregory. 

The  seconil  part  of  the  Morals  by  the  same. 

Book  of  Divine  Offices. 

Gesta  Britonorum. 

Tracts  of  Robert,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  on  Confession, 
with  other  compilations. 

Martyrologium,  with  the  Uules  of  St.  Benedict ;  Pas- 
sion of  St.  James  ;  with  other  books. 

Constitutions  of  Pope  Benedict. 

History  of  the  Island  of  Ely. 

Ilugucio  de  dono  fratris  Johannis  Tiryngham. 

Homilies  of  the  ble.ssed  Gregory. 

Constitutions  of  Pope  Clement  XII. 

Book  of  the  Virtues  and  Vices. 

Majeste^  i.istoriarum. 

Sacramentary  given  by  Master  John  Swarby,  Rector 
of  the  Church  of  St.  Guthlac. 

One  great  Portoforium  for  the  use  of  the  Brothers. 

Two  ditto. 

Two  Psalters  for  the  use  of  the  Brothers. 

Three  Missals  for  the  use  of  the  Brothers. 

What  was  then  considered  the  cream 
of  thoie  old  libraries  may  be  inferred 
from  the  following  somewhat  glowing  de- 
scription of  the  treasures  of  the  collection 
at  York  Cathedral,  gathered  by  Egbert — 
written  by  Alcuin  ^  somewhere  about 
A.  D.  800. 

"  lUic  invenies  veterum  vestigia  Patrum, 
Quidquid  habct  pro  se  Latio  Romanus  in  orbe, 
Grsecia  rel  quidquid  transmisit  Clara  Latinis. 
Hebraicus  vel  quod  populus  bibet  imbre  superno 
Africa  lucifluo  vel  ({uidquid  lumine  sparsit. 
Quod  Pater  Uieronymus  quod  sensit  Ililarius,  at- 

que 
Ambrosius  Prsesul  simul  Augustinus,  et  ipse 
Sanctus  Athanasius,  quod  Orosius  edit  avitus  : 
Quidquid  Gregorius  summus  docet,  et  Leo  Papa  ; 
Basilius  quidquid,  Fulgentius  atque  coruscaut, 
Cassiodorus  item,  Chrysostomus  atque  Johannes  : 
Quidquid  et  Athclmus  docuit,  quid  Beda  Magister, 
Qute  Victorinus  scripsere,  Boetius  ;  atque 
Ilistorici  veteres,  Pompeius,  Plinius,  ipse 
Acer  Aristoteles,  Rhetor  quoque  TuUius  ingens  ; 
Quidquoque  Sedulius,  vel  quid  canitip.se  luvencus, 
Alcuinus,  et  Clemens,  Prosper,  Pauliuus,  Arator, 
Quid  Kortunatus,  vel  quid  L.aetantius  edunt ; 
Qu!B  Maro  Virgilius,  Statins,  Lucauus,  et  auctor 
Artis  Grammaticre,  vel  quid  scripsere  magistri ; 
Quid  Probus  attjue  Kwas,  Donatus,  Priscianusve, 
Sevius,  Euticius,  Pompeius,  (Jommeniauus, 
Invenies  alios  perplures,  lector,  ibidem 
Egregios  studiis,  arte  et  scnuone  magistros 
Plurima  qui  claro  scripsere  volumiua  scnsu  ; 
Nomina  sed  quorum  prrescnti  in  carmine  scribi 
Lougius  est  visum,  <iuam  plcctri  postulot  usus." 

It  is  pleasant  to  notice  that  the    Bible 
1  Alcuini,  Op.  torn.  iii.  p.  733. 


18G0.] 


A  Few  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


17 


had  an  Important  place  in  these  ancient 
collections,  generally  in  several  copies.  It 
was  a  herculean  task  to  transcribe  it,  with 
that  patient  exactitude  which  was  requi- 
site, but  it  was  sometimes  done  by  the 
most  eminent  men.  Alcuin  commenced 
such  a  coi)y  in  A.  D.  778,  and  was  twenty- 
two  years  in  finishing  it.' 

After  the  art  of  printing  made  books 
more  accessible,  libraries  grew  more  fre- 
quent, and  of  larger  size,  until  every 
scholar  had  one  of  his  own — of  quality  to 
suit  the  tone  of  his  tastes,  and  of  quan- 
tity (scholars  are  generally  extravagant 
In  buying  books,  if  in  nothing  else)  lim- 
ited only  by  the,  ahuost  universal,  res 
angusla  domi. 

We  have  just  space  to  add — for  com- 
parison with  the  books  of  the  mediieval 
cenobites  of  England,  on  the  one  hand, 
and  with  those  of  the  clergy  of  our  own 
time,  and  land,  on  the  other,  the  authen- 
tic list  (from  his  own  MSS.)  of  the  library 
of  an  eminent  Puritan  Divine,  of  two  hun- 
dred years  ago — Oliver  Heyvrood,  B.  A., 
one  of  the  first  to  be  ejected  for  non- 
conformity. 

He  was  born  in  1G29,  in  Bolton, 
Lancashire ;  took  a  bachelor's  degree 
at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge ;  stud- 
ied at  liome  for  six  months,  and  in 
1C50  commenced  to  supply  Coley  Chapel, 
near  Halifax,  being  ordained  August  4, 
1652 — in  the  Presbyterian  (then  the 
established)  form.  He  married,  April  25, 
1655,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Angier, 
of  Denton,  Yorkshire — who  died  six  years 
after  the  marriage,  leaving  two  sons,  both 
of  whom  became  eminent  ministers  of  the 

1  He  presented  it  to  Charlemagne  on  the  day  of  that 
monarch's  coronation.  Charlemagne's  grandson  gave 
it  to  the  Honks  of  Prum,  in  Lorraine.  When  that 
house  was  broken  up,  in  1576,  it  was  taken  to  Grandis 
Vallis,  near  Basle,  where  it  reposed  until  1793  ;  when 
that  Abbey  was  broken  up,  and  its  property  confis- 
cated and  sold,  and  it  was  bought  )iy  M.  Bennot, 
who  sold  it,  in  1822,  to  M.  Passavant,  who  tried  to  get 
first  60,000  and  then  40,000  francs  from  the  French 
government  for  it— in  vain.  It  was  then  offered  to 
the  Duke  of  Sussex,  and  the  British  Museum,  for 
from  £12,000  to  £6,500— all  in  v^in.  It  was  finally 
bought  for  £750  (^3,750)  by  the  British  Museum, 
where  it  may  now  be  seen. 

VOL.  II.  2* 


Gospel.    Mr.  Heywood — like  a  good  many 
clergymen   of  our   own   day — never   in- 
terfered with   politics,   but  the  politics  of 
his  day  had  such  a  habit  of  Interferino- 
with  religion,  as  to  bring  themselves  within 
the  legitimate  range  of  his  gospel  guns  ; 
a  circumstance  which  never  Induced  him 
— as  some  now-a-days  might  have  advised, 
If  they  had  been  alive,  and  as  wise  as  they 
are  now — to  draw  his  bullets  before  firino-. 
As  a  natural  consequence,  he  saw  trouble. 
He  was  twice  excommunicated,  and  for 
twenty  years  was  obliged  to  dodge  arrest ; 
his  goods  were  seized — only  nobody  could 
be  found  mean  enough  to  buy  them ;  and 
he  was  put  to  all  manner  of  Insolent  an- 
noyance.    Still  he   lived  and  labored — 
marrying     Miss    Abigail    Crompton,    of 
Brightmet,  Lancashire,  as  his  second  wife, 
In  1667 — and  formed  a  Church  at  his  own 
house,  at  Northowram.     But,  in  1684,  the 
hand  o(  justice  (!)  which  had  been  poised 
over   his  head  for  a  score  of  years,  de- 
scended, and  he  was  arrested  and  con- 
demned to  pay  £60,  and  give  two  sureties 
for  "  good  behaviour,"  (i.  e.  not  to  preach). 
The   first  was  a  thing  he  couldn't  do, 
and   the   second,   one    that  he  wouldn't, 
so  to  York  Castle  jail  he  went,  to  stay  a 
year,   (preaching  Lord's  days)  when  the 
fine  was  reduced,  and  made  up  by  friends. 
When     Charles   H.    was    dead,    matters 
brightened,    and    Heywood    commenced 
preaching   again   at  Coley  and   Halifax, 
where— never  getting  more  than  £36  a 
year — he  labored,  being  carried  to  meet- 
ing after  he  was  too  feeble  to  walk,  until 
his  death,  4th  of  May,  1702,  In  the  73d 
year  of  his  age,  and  the  5  2d  of  his  min- 
istry. 

Some  Idea  of  his  assiduity  may  be  gath- 
ered from  the  recorded  fact  that  he 
preached,  on  iveeic  days,  (besides  his  reo-- 
ular  Sabbath  duties,)  3,027  sermons,  kept 
1,256  fasts,  and  314  thanksgivings ;  and 
travelled,  on  preaching  excursions,  31,345 
miles.  He  left  materials  for  four  8vo. 
volumes  of  experimental  and  practical 
divinity,  with  a  few  occasional  sermons  ; 
his  "  Closet  Prayer,"  "  Heart's  Treasure," 


18 


A  Few  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


[J.VN. 


and  "  Sure  Mercies  of  David,"  being 
noted  for  their  excellence.  His  learning 
was  not  profound,  nor  his  intellect  re- 
markably quick  in  movement,  or  broad  in 
scope  ;  but  his  moral  and  religious  nature 
"was  so  noble  and  fruitful,  and  his  charac- 
ter as  a  preacher  and  author  so  simple,  sin- 
cere, pathetic  and  useful,  that  he  will  be 
held  in  lasting  remembrance. 

The  following  Catalogue  of  his  books, 
is  from  one  in  his  own  handwriting,  (1664,) 
and  bears  quaint  notes  of  his  own,  which 
have  not  been  suppressed,  in  the  hope 
that  they  may  be  sanctified  to  the  good  of 
some  reader  who  repeats,  in  our  own  day, 
the  iniquity  of  the  book  borrowers  of  two 
hundred  years  ago.  Remembering  some 
of  the  facts   recorded  above,  the  list  is 


3    0 


suggestive  as  well  as  interesting. 

£.  s. 

Marlorate  on  N.  T 1  0 

Pareus' Commentary,  2  vols 1  10 

Assembly's  Annot.,  2  vols 2  6 

Diodate's  Annot.  in  4to 0  12 

Aretius  on  Epistles,  and  Revelations 

(plundered) 0  5 

Aretius,  his  Problems     (do.) 0  5 

Perkins' First  Volume 0  10 

Luther's  Colloq.  Mensal 0  12 

Luther's  Common  PI.  Lat. 0  5 

Beard's  Theatre  of  Judgments 0  6 

Thom.  Aquinas,  his  Summ 0  10 

Simpson's  Ecclesiastical  History...  0  9 

Cotton's  Concordance 0  4 

Scapula's  Lexicon 0  4 

Cevallerius'  Hebrew  Grammar  (sto- 
len)   0  2 

Leigh's  Critica  Sacra.     Hebrew....  0  3 

His  Greek  Critica  Sac.  on  N.  T 0  5 

Wendeline's  PhivSicks 0  7 

Scultetus'  Medulla  Patric 0  10 

Calvin's  Institutions 0  4 

Hildersham  on  Psalm  li 0  7 

Reinolds  on  Psalm  ex 0  6 

Baxter's  Saint's  Rest 0  7 

Infant  Baptism 0  4 

Apol.   against   Five  Oppo- 

sers 0  5 

Of  Conversion 0  3 

Call  to  Unconverted 0  1 

■  Directions     for     Spiritual 

Peace 0  2 

Five    Disputations  on  the 

Sacraments 0  3 

Treatise  of  Self-Denial....  0  3 

Anthony  Burgess' Vindiciic  Leg....  0  2 

Treatise  of  Justification,  1  part....  0  2 


4 

6 

4 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

1 

10 

1 

6 

1    6 
1    0 


Spiritual   Refining.      1    part    (lost 

WITH  lending) 0 

Clarke's  Lives   of   the    Fathers,    1 

part 0 

Holy  Oil 0 

Prideaux'  Fasciculus  Controv 0 

,    his    Introduction    into 

History  0 

Bolton's  Four  Last  Things 0 

Discourse  of  True  Happi- 
ness   0 

Ames  upon  Peter 0 

Gregory's  Observations 0 

Ambrose,  his  Media 0 

Dr.   "White's   Treatise   on    Sabbath 

(stolen  by ) 0 

Dr.  Hall's  Cases  of  Conscience....  0 

Christian  Moderation...  0 

'  Remedy    of    Prophane- 

ncss 0 

Old  Religion 0 

Meditations  and  Vows..  0 

Select  Thoughts 0 

Soliloquies 0 

Balm  of  Gilead 0 

Devout  Soul 0 

Christ  Mystical 0 

Occasional  Meditations..  0 

Peace-maker 0 

Mr.  Ball,  of  Faith 0 

Catechism,  with  Expos..  0 

Love's  Degrees  of  Grace 0 

Soul's  Cordial 0 

Calvert's  Converted  Jew 0 

Dike's  Deceitfulness  of  the  Heart..  0 

Prynne,  of  Perseverance* 0 

Brightman  on  Revel.  Cant 0 

Broughton's  Concert :    and  on  Dan- 
iel    0 

Willefs  Antilogy 0 

Godwin's  Jewish  Antiquities 0 

Pemble  of  .Justification 0 

Ainsworth  on  Psalms 0 

Plafier's  Analysis  of  Scripture 0 

Wilkin's  Ecclesiastus,  and  others..  0 
Conciones     de    4    Noviss.    (plun- 
dered)   0 

Magirus,  his  Physick 0 

Scheibler's  Axioms 0 

Quintilian's     Institutions      (plun- 
dered)   0 

Bucan's  Common  Place 0 

Moore  Against  Atheism 0 

Bithner's  Hebrew  Grammar 0 

Buxtorf 's  Hebrew  Grammar 0 

Hebrew  Lexicon 0 

Roberts"  Key  of  the  Bible 0 

Cartwright  upon  Proverbs 0 

Cyprian's  Works:  Epistles 0 

*  It  is  supposed  the  work  referred  to  is  that  en- 
titled Anti-Arminianisme.  A  second  edition  waa 
printed  in  1630. 


1 

6 

1 

2 

1 

8 

1 

8 

0 

10 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

10 

3 

0 

1 

0 

1 

8 

2 

6 

1 

6 

2 

0 

2 

0 

3 

6 

1 

10 

1 

0 

2 

6 

2 

6 

2 

6 

1 

6 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

4 

5 

0 

2 

0 

0 

6 

2 

0 

I860.] 


A  Feiv  Notes  of  Old  Libraries. 


19 


Manchester  Al  Mondo 

Modern  Policy 

Trap  on  Epistles.     Com 

Leigh  on  the  Promises 

Fenner's  "Wilful  Impenit 

Rogers'  Seven  Treatises 

Jesse's  Cases  of  Conscience 

Gott's  Essay 

Bifield's  Marrow  of  Oracl 

Drake  against  Humphrey 

Quarles'  Meditations 

Holme's  Church  Cases 

SufFragium  Theolog.  Brit 

Hermes  Trismegistus 

Pemble  De  Formarum  {Oriffinc). . . 

Bede's  History  of  England 

Amesii  Technometria 

Cunradi  Instit.  Catech 

Jackei  Metaph 

Gerhardi  ( Meditationes) 

Hammond's  Reasonableness  of  Ch. 
Practical  Catech 


xYustin  de  Civitate  Dei 

AVollebius'  System  of  Divinity 

A  Hebrew  Bible 

Another  little  one 

Greek  Testament,  with  Psal 

A  Latin  Bible 

History  of  Charles  Second 

'E.tKOv  t^adiXiKif 

Latimer's  Sermon.     Epitom 

Burton's  Psalms.    Scots 

Assembly's  Catechism.     Confess... 

Culverwell,  of  Faith 

Wale's  Mount  Ebal  Levelled 

Gaule,  of  Witches 

A  Defence  of  Humane  Learning... 

Dr.  Featly's  Life  and  Manual 

Dr.  Hammond's  Life 

Dr.  Usher's  Life 

Baxter's  Holy  Common  Wealth.... 

Cawdry's  Church  Reformation 

Dr.  Staughton's  Sermons 

Dounham's  Comfort  in  Affliction... 

Dod  on  the  Commandments 

Divine  Right  of  Church  Govern- 
ment  

Amesius,  his  Cases  of  Conscience.. 

Case's  Elijah's  Abatement  Discov- 
ered   

Pulpit  Guarded,  by  Thomas  Hall... 

Hanmer  upon  Confirmation 

Tillinghast's  Sermons 

Bolton's  Comfort  Afflict.  Consc 

Heylyn's  Geography 

Lockyer's Sermon  on  Col.  i.. 

Garbutt  on  the  Resurrection 

Baxter  upon  Confirmation 

Guild's  Moses  Unvailed 

Bernard  on  Atherton's  Death 

Warwick's  Meditations 

Calamy's  Godly  Man's  Ark T.. 


0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

8 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

13 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

•1 

0 

0 

2 

6 

0 

1 

2 

0 

2 

6 

2 

6 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

4 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

1 

4 

0 

2 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

10 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0- 

8 

0 

1 

4 

Cenning's  Mysteries 

Milk  and  Honey.   Parad. 

Hey  wood's  England's  Elizabeth.... 

Weem's  Christian  Synagogue 

Forbes  on  Revelat 

Jackson  on  the  Divine  Essence.... 

Goodwin,  of  Dreams 

Morney,  of  the  Church 

Newcome's  Sinner's  Hope 

Lombard's  Distinctiones  (stolen).. 

Grimston  on  the  Affections 

Bugersdicius'  Logick 

Art  of  Logick.     Engl 

Clarke's  Martyrology,  2  vols 

Cotton  on  Canticles 

Gataker's  Tetragramm 

Hollingworth  of  the  Holy  Ghost... 

Baxter's  Aphorisms 

Capel,  of  Temptation 

Amesius  Medulla  Theol 

Lightfoot's  Harmony 

upon  the  Acts 

-,  his  Miscellanys 


White  on  Scripture 

Taylour's  Principles 

Gee  on  Prayer 

Weem's  Image  of  God 

Ames.      Bellarminus   Enervatus,   2 

parts 

Mede's  Diatribe 

Pasor's  Lexicon 

Josephus  de  Bell.  Jud 

Twiss  against  Jackson 

Baines  on  Ephes 

Perkins'  Problems 

Heinsius'  Exercitationes 

Ball  against  Separation 

Reinold's  Sex  Theses 

Cradock's  Gospel  Liberty 

Preston's  Breast-plate 

Cartwright's  Sermons  on  the  Creed. 

Sharpius,  his  Symphonia 

Greenhill  on  Ezekiel,  3  vols 

Burrough's  Irenicnm 

Leigh's  Saints'  Encouragements.... 

Clarke's  History  of  S.  S 

God's  Terrible  Voice 

Childrey's  Brittania  Baconia 

Watson's  Doctrine  of  Repentance.. 

Sibbs  on  Psalm  xlii.  5 

Herbert's  Poems 

Greek  Catechism  Assembl 

Dr.  Arrowsmith's  Armilla  (Catech.) 
Francisci  Vales  de  Sacra  Philos.... 

Porter's  God  Incarnate 

The  Sober  Answer  to  Fr.  (Debate). 

Erasmus'  Colloquic  ^- t.. 

Brichet's  Catechism 

Schikard's  Hebrew  Gram 

Demosthenes'  Orations 

Reyner,  of  Humane  Learning 

Maynard's  Beanty  of  Creation 


0  10 

0  1     6 

0  0  10 

0  2    0 

0  1     0 

0  2    6 

0  3    0 

0  1    6 

0  1     6 

0  2    0 

0  1     0 

0  14 

0  12 

0  14    0 

0  12 

0  0    4 

0  0    6 

0  0  10 

0  10 

0  12 

0  1    4 

0  2    0 

0  0    6 

0  1 

0  0 


4 

8 
0    2    0 


0 


0 


0 

5 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

2 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

3 

6 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

G 

0 

o 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

G 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

0 

6 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

1 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

2 

6 

0 

2 

6 

0 

2 

6 

0    2    0 
0     10 


20 

Dr.  Owen  against  Q.,  of  Trin.  Ch. 
Mearn 

Aniesii  Coronis 

Mr.  Herle's  Tripos 

Alstedii  Eiicyclopa;dia 

Rous  Mella  Patrum 

Cramp's  Parable  of  the  Great  Sup- 
per  

Baxter's  Reasons  for  Cliris; 

Durham  on  Revelation 

Durham  on  Canticles 

Baxter's  Key  for  Cathol 

Jeane's  Mixture  of  Scholastic  Di- 
vinity with  Practical 

Reinolds  on  14th  of  Hosea 

Bowie's  Pastor.  Evanr^el 

Synod  of  Dort 

A  little  Greek  Testament 

Vincent's  Wells  of  Salvation 

Salvian  de  Gubernat.  Dei 

Sleidan  de  Quatuor  Summis  Imperii 

Baxter's  Practical  Christian 

Mr.  Gale's  Court  of  the  Gentiles... 

Mr.  Machin's  Life:  Dr.  Winter's 
Life 

Rous'  Attick  Antiquities 

Fuller's  Sermons 

Grotius  de  Satisfactione  Christi.... 

Ross's  Mystagogus    Poeticus 

Discourses  of  Witchcraft 

Senecce  Opera 

Buchanan's  Poems 


Church  Building.  [Jan. 

Parens  Historia  Univ 0  18 

0     10      Heb.  Psalter 0  1    0 

0     2    6      Daille  on  the  Colossians 0  9    0 

0    2    0      Baxter's  Defence  of  Cure  of  Church 

0  14    0          Divisions 0  18 

0    5    0      Third  PartofB 0  14 

on  Sabbath 0  14 

0     18      White,  of  Meditation 0  0  10 

0     7    0      Stuckley's  Gospel  Glass 0  3    0 

0     8     6      Mr.  Calvert's  Naphtali 0  3     6 

0     4     6      Baxter  for  Nonconformity 0  10 

0    2    8      Broun's  Inquiry  into  Vulgar  Errors  0  f5    0 

ALatinBible 0  2    0 

0    4    6      Duport  on  Prov.  Cant 0  16 

0     2     6      Aristotle's  Ethicks 0  10 

0    3    6      Baxter's  Practic.  Divinity 0  4    0 

0     10      Mr.  Joseph  Alleine's  Life 0  16 

Mr.  Jane  way's  Life 0  10 

0     16      Truman's  great  Propitiation 0  10 

0     10      Mr.  Doolittle's  Catechism 0  2    0 

0     10      A  Prospect  of  Providence 0  3    0 

0     18      Gale,  of  Christ's  Coming 0  16 

0  12    0      Mr.  Perkins'  Second  Volume 0  5    0 

London  Minister's  Lectures  against 

0     10          Popery 0  7    0 

0     2    0      Mr.  Hick's  Book  on  Heb.  X.  34 0  16 

0     0     8      Fulfilling  of  Scripture 0  2  10 

0     10      Stoppard's  Pagan's  Papism 0  2    6 

0  0  10  Tully ;  Aretius'  Problems ;  Do.  on  Ep. 
0  0  4  Rev. ;  Ecclesias.,Qto.;  White,  Sabbath;  Lom- 
0    2    6      bard's  Distinct. ;  Quint.  Orat. — These  takex 

0      0      8        FROM    ME    FOR   PREACHING   THE   GoSPEL  ! 


CHURCH    BUILDING. 


BY    REV.  ISAAC    P.    LANGAVORTHY. 


No  house,  no  home.  This  cannot  be 
more  trutlifully  said  of  the  family  than  of 
the  Church  of  Christ.  Each  thus  destitute 
is,  in  a  wide  sense,  a  vagrant ;  having  no 
such  hold  on  the  community  as  will  give  it 
the  influence  each  should  be  emulous  to 
exert.  A  family,  however,  has  this  deci- 
ded advantage,  viz :  it  can  gather  up  all 
and  migrate  in  any  direction,  preserving 
its  own  identity  in  every  part,  suffering 
little,  perhaps  nothing  by  the  exchange. 
A  Church  has  no  such  facility.  It  is  born 
of  a  necessity  in  the  place  where  it  is 
gathered.  The  elements  of  its  existence 
are  found  there,  and  there  is  its  sphere  of 
influence.  For  better  or  worse  it  must 
exist  or  die  out  in  that  place  only ;  so  that 
to  be  known  as  a  power  that  shall  be  ef- 
fective lor  good,  it  must  have  its  symbol 


of  power,  a  house  fitted  for  its  own  high 
and  holy  purposes,  adapted  alike  to 
preaching  and  hearing. 

This  necessity  of  every  Church  of 
Christ,  for  the  sake  of  the  commumhj  in 
which  it  is  formed,  is  so  obvious  that  it  is 
difficult  to  reason  about  it,  or  illustrate  or 
prove  it.  Nothing  seems  more  apparent, 
on  its  mere  statement.  Who  would  pre- 
tend to  argue  the  conceded  fact  that  la- 
borers without  suitable  tools  cannot  work, 
or  that  soldiers  without  proper  weapons 
cannot  fight,  or  that  bees  without  a  hive 
cannot  gather  honey.  But  is  not  a  house 
of  worship  to  an  infant  Church  as  obvious 
and  indispensable  a  pre-rcquisite  to  any 
success  among  those  from  without  ?  Sup- 
pose it  can  gather  its  mere  membership 
into  the  public  hall,  or  into  the  log  or 


I860.] 


Church  Ballding. 


21 


stone  sclioolhouse,  or  the  basement  store- 
room, or  the  office  of  the  physician  or  the 
lawyer,  or  in  the  "  timber,"  or  under  the 
shade  tree,  does  it  impress  the  community 
as  a  living,  effective  body,  adapted  to  con- 
trol and  mould  its  interests  and  destinies 
for  a  higher  and  better  life  ?  Can  it 
gather  those  from  without  into  such  nar- 
row, often  over-crowded,  uninviting  and 
sometimes  revolting  apartments  and  ex- 
pect to  make  a  place  for  itself,  to  gain  a 
foothold  which  will  be  firm  and  secure, 
an  ascendancy  which  the  good  of  the 
community  so  much  demands?  The 
Church,  like  an  individual,  must  have  its 
influence  before  it  can  use  it ;  but  did  it 
ever,  or  will  it  ever  gain  that  influence 
without  this  first  essential  to  this  end  — a 
suitable  house  of  worship  ?  It  is  not  to 
the  public  view  au  entity  and  gives  no  ev- 
idence of  its  own  existence,  much  less  of 
its  permanency,  without  its  rallying  point ; 
and  thus  is  doomed  to  imbecility  if  not  to 
extinction. 

But  the  Church  itself  demands  the 
sanctuary  for  its  own  enlargement.  All 
see  that  it  depends  for  this  on  recruits 
from  the  world.  It  is  to  go  out,  and 
after,  and  by  all  means  gather  in  those 
for  whom  Christ  died.  Merely  to  take 
care  of  itself  is  a  very  small  part  of  its 
mission.  Indeed  it  cannot  do  even  this 
only  as  it  properly  provides  and  cares 
for  others.  But  where  shall  it  gather  the 
lost  and  straying  when  it  has  neither  place 
nor  room  ?  The  worldling  will  not  be 
attracted  against  such  repulsions  by  the 
charms  of  truth,  since  as  yet  he  sees  them 
not  and  will  not  see  them  until  he  can  be 
brought  where  they  are  promulged,  and 
it  is  only  by  hearing  that  he  believes  and 
is  won  to  Christ.  But  will  he  crouch  up- 
on the  narrow  seat  fitted  for  his  little 
child  ?  Will  he  stand  in  the  stifled  air  of 
the  crowded  office,  or  at  its  cold  open 
window,  to  hear  a  gospel  he  does  not  yet 
love  ?  Very  few  are  thus  gained  ;  not 
more  than  enough,  ordinarily,  to  make 
good  the  places  of  the  original  members 
vacated  by  death  or  removals.     Member- 


ship is  not  increased  without  a  suitable 
place  into  which  to  bring  the  needed  mate- 
rials for  this  purpose.  Create  the  facili- 
ties, the  result  follows,  as  eff'ect  always 
follows  adequate  cause.  Open  the  sanctu- 
ary builded  for  the  worship,  and  dedicated 
to  the  service,  of  the  only  living  and  true 
God,  the  people  will  turn  their  feet  thith- 
er-ward ;  some  from  early  but  long  neglec- 
ted habit,  some  from  curiosity,  some  from 
mere  pride,  it  may  be,  and  not  a  few  be- 
cause now  they  have  no  good  reason  for 
not  doing  so.  In  this  way  they  are 
brought  under  the  sound  of  that  gospel 
which  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation. 
The  Church  is  now  in  the  way  of  its  own 
enlargement,  and  the  hope  of  securing  it 
otherwise  is  a  vain  hope. 

But  the  nunislrij  of  any  Church  is  a 
hampered,  crippled  ministry  which  has  no 
suitable  place  in  which  to  exercise  its 
gifts.  It  is  amazing  that  the  eyes  of  good 
men  have  been  so  held  that  they  have  not 
seen  how  necessary  a  house  of  worship  is 
to  every  preacher  of  the  gospel  who  has 
one  aspiration  for  success  ;  and  to  the  mis- 
sionary no  less  than  to  the  settled  pastor. 
Hundreds  of  hopeful  enterprises  have 
been  stai'ted  in  as  many  communities,  into 
which  as  many  hopeful  young  ministers 
have  entered  with  all  their  ardor  and  zeal, 
which  have  died  out,  and  the  ministers, 
discouraged,  have  sought  other  places,  or 
(as,  alas,  too  often)  sought  other  employ- 
ments, all  because  these  churches  had  not, 
and  could  not  secure  this  first  requisite  to 
a  successful  ministry  over  them,  viz,  suit- 
able i)laces  for  worship.  One  needs  only 
to  acquaint  himself  with  the  history  of  the 
Christian  churches  of  the  middle  and  old- 
er western  States  to  verify  these  state- 
ments. The  minister  is  in  fetters  until 
the  door  of  the  sanctuary  opens  to  his, 
and  the  people's  feet.  AU  Missionary 
Boards  regard  the  influence  of  their  Mis- 
sionaries as  increased  for  good  a  hundred 
per  cent,  when  they  emerge  from  their  ill- 
adapted  and  narrow  quarters,  and  enter 
the  never  so  plain  and  cheap,  if  only  they 
are  commodious  and  reasonably  attractive 


22 


Church  Building. 


[Jan. 


houses  of  worship.  It  miy  be  settled  as 
an  evangelical  axiom,  that  every  Church 
of  Christ  must  have  its  sanctuary,  its 
home,  a  place  adapted  to  its  own,  its  min- 
ister's and  the  community's  wants.  Other- 
wise its  light  is  under  the  bed,  or  the  bush- 
el. It  is  not  in  the  candlestick.  It  does 
not  reach  and  sanctify  the  masses.  It  is 
not  leaven  in  the  "  measure"  but  is  out 
of  it,  and  will  not,  because  it  cannot,  leav- 
en the  whole  lump.  The  Apostles  and 
their  coadjutors  found  the  synagogue 
wherever  they  went  preaching  the  word. 
The  minister  needs  to  find,  or  be  able  soon 
to  secure,  a  similar  facility  in  his  work, 
whithersoever  he  goes.  He  is  charged 
with  a  message  no  less  weighty  and  impor- 
tant to  everyone  everywhere,  and  why 
should  he  not  need,  and  have,  the  same  fa- 
cilities for  delivering  it?  Popery  builds 
her  temples  in  advance  of  her  pioneer 
priests,  and  of  the  population  too.  Prot- 
estantism may  learn  a  lesson  and  at  least 
rear  her  sacred  structures  simultaneously 
with  the  organization  of  her  churches, 
not  leaving  them,  as  too  often  now,  un- 
housed, thus  unprotected,  to  struggle  on 
In  weakness,  or  speedily  to  disband. 

If  the  foregoing  positions  are  granted, 
that  the  house  of  worship  is  a  necessity  to 
the  community,  to  the  church  and  to  its 
minister,  it  may  still  be  a  question  wheth- 
er the  Church  cannot  build  its  own  house 
as  soon  as  it  really  needs  one,  especially 
if  it  be  favored  with  the  preaching  of  the 
Gospel,  the  whole,  or  a  part  of  the  time. 
The  impression  that  it  can,  ordinarily  at 
least,  is  a  very  common  and  a  very  strong 
one  ;  but  whence  derived  is  not  apparent. 
It  certainly  came  not  from  the  experience 
and  history  of  any  number  of  churches 
of  any  denomination,  in  any  part  of  the 
world,  at  any  era.  The  facts  are  patent 
to  all,  that  by  far  the  largest  part  of  Chris- 
tian churches  never  build  their  first  houses 
of  worship  without  extrinsic  aid  from  some 
source,  or  without  a  debt  which  to  many 
of  them  is  scarcely  less  fatal  to  their  suc- 
cess than  tlieir  unsupplied  wants  would 
be.     It  may  be   safely  said  —  nor  is  it  a 


hap-hazard  assertion  —  that  not  one  in 
twenty  of  the  churches  in  New  England 
built  its  first  house  of  worship  without 
aiil,  or  most  serious  embarrassments.  And 
this  is  no  marvel  either.  For  if  it  has  not 
the  ability  to  do  this  at  the  first,  it  has  not 
the  facilities  for  increase,  as  already  seen, 
so  as  to  secure  that  result  afterwards. 
How  can  the  minister  multiply  the  re- 
sources of  his  people  when  he  has  not  the 
requisite  means  of  doing  it  V  Ho  is  cir- 
cumscribed and  circumvented,  and  so  are 
they.  Essential  increase  under  such  a 
privation  is  seldom  realized,  and  should 
not  be  expected.  Hence  it  may  be  stated, 
as  a  general  rule,  that  a  Church  wliich 
cannot  build  its  house  of  worship  at  the 
outset  of  its  career,  seldom  becomes  able 
to  do  so. 

Is  it  then  a  legitimate  charity  to  help 
in  this  work  ?  At  this  point  a  deep  [>rej- 
udice  is  encountered.  There  is  a  feeling 
which  sometimes  expresses  itself  in  this 
wise :  "  We  must  not  take  the  Lord's 
money  and  put  it  into  brick  and  mortar  ; 
into  siding  and  roofs.  All  this  must  be 
sacredly  devoted  to  the  preaching  of  the 
Gospel !  "  But  is  it  any  more  an  abuse 
of  the  Lord's  money  to  aid  a  feeble,  strug- 
gling Church  to  erect  for  itself  an  humble 
but  commodious  place  of  worship,  than  it 
is  to  use  the  same  money  in  erecting  a 
costly  and  beautiful  one  for  oui-selves,  or 
in  so  adorning  and  ornamenting  one  al- 
ready built  as  to  gratifiy  a  refined,  it  may 
be  a  perverted  taste  ?  Is  it  certain,  is  it 
possible,  that  the  employment  of  the 
"  Lord's  money  "  in  securing  a  place  lor 
the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  in  a  destitute 
community,  thus  doubling  the  influence  of 
the  preacher,  and  widening  his  sphere  of 
action  in  all  directions,  is  a  perversion  of 
the  money,  any  more  than  it  would  be,  or 
is,  to  give  it  for  educating  that  minister,  or 
furnishing  him  with  religious  books?  In- 
deed it  does  not  seem  that  any  one  can 
be  really  serious  in  oiTering  such  an  ob- 
jection to  a  work  so  much  needed  and  so 
earnestly  called  for ;  a  work  abundantly 
and   immediately  remunerative,  the  fruits 


I860.] 


Church  Building, 


23 


of  which  are  so  quickly  seen  and  are  uni- 
formly so  abiding.  It  is  related  of  the 
Church  founded  at  Plymouth  by  the  emi- 
grants in  the  May  Flower,  that  the  first 
contribution  it  made  for  any  object  out- 
side of  its  own  wants,  was  to  aid  the  sec- 
ond Congregational  Church  formed  in 
this  country  in  erecting  its  first  house  of 
worship.  Happy  for  the  latter  that  the 
former  failed  to  see  the  sacrilege  of  such 
a  use  of  the  Lord's  money ! 

The  economy  of  this  mode  of  Christian 
benefaction  should  not  be  lost  sight  of. 
In  the  disbursement  and  use  of  the  "  fifty 
thousand  dollar  fund,"  it  was  ascertained, 
when  two  hundred  and  thirty  houses  of 
worship  had  been  completed,  that  for  ev- 
ery dollar  given,  six  dollars  and  fifty-seven 
cents  had  been  raised  and  invested  by 
the  recipients.  In  many  instances  the 
amount  raised  is  much  larger,  usually, 
however,  in  materials  and  labor  mostly, 
but  these  at  cash  value.  It  is  as  surpris- 
ing as  it  is  delightful  to  see  how  the  pros- 
pect and  proffer  of  so  little  will  stimulate 
to  so  much  ;  how  one  in  this  way  becomes 
a  thousand  ! 

Then  the  fiict  that  this  little  is  so  be- 
stowed as  always  to  pay  the  last  bills  and 
leave  the  sanctuary  free  from  all  debt  or 
incumbrance,  is  invaluable  as  an  economi- 
cal arrangement,  especially  ■«here  lawful 
and  customary  interest  is  so  high  as  in 
most  places  where  sanctuaries  are  need- 
ed. 

Then  again  it  saves  to  Home  Missions, 
in  many  instances,  as  much  every  year  as 
it  costs  to  secure  the  building  and  paying 
the  last  bills  on  the  house  of  worship, 
since  now,  for  the  first  time,  the  little 
band  is  in  a  condition  for  its  own  enlarge- 
ment. It  could  not,  until  now,  gather  a 
congregation  from  which  to  draw  self-sup- 
port, for  the  very  good  reason  that  it  had  no 
place  in  which  to  gather  it.  Before,  it  la- 
bored under  the  paralysis  of  dependence 
on  annual  charity.  Now  it  stretches  out 
an  unpalsied  hand,  having  gained  strength 
by  the  use  of  its  own  powers,  developed 
by  the  ray  of  hope  which  the  proffered 


aid  afforded.  "  That  proffer  was  the  gal- 
vanic touch  to  the  electric  wires,"  said 
one  whose  Church  was  struggling  against 
fearful  odds.  They  immediately  said, 
with  one  heart,  "  We  will  rise  up  and 
build."  The  hammer  upon  anotber  be- 
gun sanctuary  had  not  been  heard  for 
two  weeks.  A  letter  to  the  young  pastor, 
informing  him  of  an  appropriation  of  two 
hundred  dollars,  reached  him  in  the  morn- 
ing. He  called  all  his  trustees  to  his  study 
in  the  evening,  to  whom  he  read  the  letter. 
He  says :  "  We  could  not  keep  back  the 
tears.  We  took  heart  and  resumed  work 
in  the  morning."  And  thus  it  is  every- 
where and  every  way ;  a  little  thus  be- 
stowed does  much  and  saves  much. 

And  it  is  just  as  economical  denomina- 
tionally, as  it  is  ecclesiastically.  Sheep 
always  scatter  without  a  fold,  as  without 
a  shepherd.  The  membership  of  any 
Christian  sect  is  liable  to  be  drawn  from 
embraces  even  where  they  are  the  most 
congenial,  by  the  conveniences  of  wor- 
ship, and  sometimes  into  relations  where 
personal  religious  character  and  influence 
are  seriously  impaired,  if  not  totally  lost. 
The  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Puritans 
may  not  hope  to  see  New  England  insti- 
tutions reproduced  and  maintained  in  the 
great,  opening  and  fast-filling  West,  if 
they  lightly  e.steem  or  Ignore  the  only  ba- 
ses upon  which  they  rest.  No  mode  of 
propagandism  is  proposed,  or  would  be 
tolerated.  None  is  compatible  either  with 
our  principles  or  our  polity.  All  that  is 
needed  is  the  caring  and  providing  for  a 
membership  already  identical  and  identi- 
fied with  us,  and  earnestly  desirous  of 
maintaining  these  sacred  and  endearing 
relations.  Such  surely  have  apparent 
claims  upon  those  with  whom  they  have 
so  much  in  common  ;  and  to  provide  for 
such,  in  their  extremity,  is  literally  pro- 
viding for  one's  own,  and  often  for  one's 
self.  This  is  economy,  not  parsimo- 
ny. This  is  catholicity,  not  sectarianism  ; 
benevolence,  not  selfishness. 

Moreover,  in  this  way  the  channels  of 
national  Christian  benevolence  are  deep- 


24 


Church  Building. 


[Jan. 


ened  and  widened  and  made  to  overflow. 
If  we  would  have  giving  churches  we 
must  help  feeble  churches  into  a  condi- 
tion to  live  before  they  can  give.  Our 
great  missionary  organizations  are  giving 
but  too  obvious  indications  of  a  depen- 
dence, at  no  distant  day,  almost  exclusive- 
ly on  that  single  denomination  in  our 
country,  nine-tenths  of  Mhose  charities 
are  given  for  undenominational  purposes. 
It  would  be  short  sighted  as  well  as  unjust 
and  unchristian,  to  leave  to  dry  up  or  be 
turned  in  other  directions  the  little  rills 
which  the  providence  of  God  has  opened 
and  is  opening,  and  will  open,  to  these  glo- 
rious centers  of  Christian  munificence. 
Not  in  a  clannish  or  sectarian  spirit,  but 
recognizing  the  family  and  Christian  re- 
lationship, recognizing  the  claims  of  a 
common  brotherhood,  we  should  extend 
the  helping  hand,  without  stint  or  meas- 
ure, to  all  those  churches  on  which,  so 
soon,  so  much  responsibility  will  rest,  not 
only  in  regard  to  our  great  benevolent 
societies,  but  alike  in  regard  to  all  our 
civil  institutions.  To  be  indifferent 
here  is  plainly  suicidal.  To  be  blind  or 
close  handed  in  reference  to  what  God  is 
so  clearly  teaching  us  as  duty  in  this  one 
direction  is  to  endanger  interests  for  which 
our  fathers  of  blessed  memory  suffered 
much ;  interests  of  priceless  value  to  us 
and  the  world,  and  which  we  are  bound 
by  the  most  soleran  obligations  to  trans- 
mit, unimpaired,  to  our  children.  Our 
Great  West  can  be  possessed  and  pre- 
served to  Christ  only  by  planting  and 
multiplying  churches  and  rearing  sanc- 
tuaries proportionate  to  their  growing 
wants.  Centers  of  moral  light  and  power 
must  be  created  and  fortified  with  Chris- 
tian battlements,  or  the  great  enemy  will 
forestall  us  and  hold  supreme  control ;  and 
there  is  no  time  to  lose ! 

But  this  mode  of  helping  feeble  church- 
es is  at  least  connected  with,  if  not  the 
precursor  of,  another  incalculable  good. 
It  seems  to  prepare  the  way  of  the  Lord 
wondrously  ;  and  is  often  attended  with, 
or  followed  by,   glorious  revivals  of  re- 


lifrion.  Many  a  feeble  Church,  aided 
to  complete  its  sanctuary  so  as  to  bring 
the  topmost  stone  with  shouting,  crying 
grace,  grace  unto  it,  has  been  immediately 
visited  by  the  Day  Spring  from  on  high, 
and  has  had  Its  membership  doubled — 
sometimes  trebled — and  every  way  has 
been  greatly  blessed.  So  common  has 
this  been  with  the  churches  aided  by  the 
American  Congregational  Union,  within 
the  last  eighteen  months,  that  those  in  the 
process  of  building  are  looking  for  such  a 
result,  with  them,  almost  as  a  matter  of 
certainty.  The  "  supply  "  of  one  of  these 
feeble  bands,  whose  begun  sanctuary  was 
but  just  raised,  said  to  the  writer,  a  few 
weeks  since,  "  My  brother,  behind  this 
enterprise  there  lies  the  most  glorious 
revival  of  religion  that  this  prairie  ever 
witnessed.  I  am  sure  of  it.  God  has 
given  me  the  evidence  here" — laying  his 
trembling  hand  upon  his  heart. 

Thus,  in  many  ways,  is  the  sanctuary 
a  help  and  a  blessing  to  every  Christian 
Church,  in  any  place. 

And  now,  when  it  is  known  that  a 
small  contribution,  annually,  from  all  our 
Congregational  churches  to  this  object, 
would  secure  the  erection,  completion, 
and  paying  the  last  bills  on  some  sixty  to 
one  hundred  houses  of  worship,  every 
year  ;  thus  bringing  as  many  now  feeble, 
scarcely  living,  dependent  churches,  into 
a  condition  to  live  and  grow,  and  support 
their  own  pastor,  and  double  his  influence 
every  way,  and  gladden  his  heart,  and 
thus  prepare  the  way  for  the  organization 
of  as  many  more  centers  of  moral  light 
and  power  in  destitute  communities — thus 
widening  the  area  of  Christian  civiliza- 
tion, thus  fortifying  exposed  points  against 
the  inroads  of  religious  error  and  super- 
stition, thus  forestalling  the  powers  of 
darkness,  and  possessing  the  land  for 
Christ  and  the  truth, — when  all  this  and 
much  more  is  known,  is  it  not  strange  that 
so  little  is  done  tlirough  this  now  open  and 
inviting  channel  of  Christmn  benevolence  ; 
when  so  little,  thus  directed,  will  do  so 
much  ! 


I860.]         Churches  and  31iniders  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


25 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCHES    AND    MINISTERS 

IN  ^VINDHAM  COUNTY,  CT. 

BY  KEV.  ROBERT  C.  LEARNED,  BERLIN,  CT. 


(Continued  from 

In  the  account  already  given  of  the  or- 
dination of  James  Cogswell  as  Pastor  of 
the  Church  in  Canterbury  in  1744,  it  was 
remarked  that  a  part  of  the  church  stren- 
uously opposed  his  settlement.  Indeed 
the  opponents  claimed  to  be  a  majority 
in  the  Church,  and  did  not  show  any  dis- 
position to  yield  to  the  determination  of 
Consociation.  On  the  other  hand,  they 
continued  to  maintain  worship  apart  from 
the  followers  of  Mr.  Cogswell  and  after  a 
time  erected  a  meeting-house  for  them- 
selves. They  retained  the  records  and 
communion  service  of  the  Church,  and 
always  professed  themselves  the  original 
Church  of  Canterbury.  By  the  other 
party,  however,  they  were  called  Separ- 
atists, and  their  Church  became  the  first 
of  a  class  of  chuiches  under  that  name. 

About  the  year  1782  this  Church  was 
reorganized,  and  its  house  of  worship, 
which  originally  stood  a  little  West  of 
"  the  Green,"  was  removed  and  set  up  in 
the  North  part  of  the  town,  where  it  stood 
until  taken  down  about  1853,  having 
been  for  some  time  disused  and  ruinous. 
The  Church  under  its  latter  organization 
was  known  as  the  Chui'ch  in  the  North 
Society  and  under  that  name  was  received 
into  the  communion  of  the  regular  Con- 
gregational churches.  It  became  virtu- 
ally extinct  before  1831.  This  Church 
never  settled  but  two  pastors. 

SoLOMOx  Payne, Ord.  Sept.  10,  1746 

*    Oct.    25,  17o4 

Joseph  Marshall,... .Ord.  Apr.    18,  1759 
Dis.   Aug.   29,  1768 

During  the  latter  period  of  the  Church 
Rev.  William  Bradford  officiated  for  some 
years  as  its  minister,  though  never  in- 
stalled. 

VOL.  II.  3 


Vol.  I.  p.  357.) 

Rev.  Solomon  Payxe  was  born  at 
Eastham,  Ms.  May  16,  1698,  the  son  of 
Elisha  and  Rebecca  (Doane)  Payne. 
His  parents  during  his  childhood  removed 
to  Canterbury,  then  a  new  settlement  in 
Connecticut,  where  his  father  became  a 
leading  man.  At  the  time  of  the  "  Great 
Awakening "  this  family  became  much 
interested,  and  an  elder  brother,  Elisha, 
who  had  previously  entered  on  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  was  one  of  the  principal 
exhorters  of  the  day.  For  his  labors  in 
this  way  Elisha  Payne  brought  on  his 
head  the  anger  of  the  opposing  party  and 
the  penalties  of  the  law.  At  length  he 
removed  to  Long  Island  and  there  settled 
as  pastor  of  a  church  in  Bridgehampton 
which  he  served  till  his  death. 

When  the  Church  in  Canterbury  divi- 
ded about  the  settlement  of  Mr.  Cogswell, 
the  eyes  of  the  Separatists  were  turned  to 
Solomon  Payne  as  their  leader,  and  he 
was  accordingly  ordained  Pastor  of  that 
branch  of  the  Church  Sept.  10,  1746.  In 
this  office  he  continued  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  Oct.  25,  1754. 

His  reputation  for  ability  and  piety 
seems  to  have  stood  well  among  his 
friends  and  acquaintances.  He  published 
a  Tract  on  the  difference  between  the 
Church  of  Christ  and  the  Church  as  estab- 
lished by  Connecticut  laws. 

He  married  (1)  Sarah  Carver  and  (2) 
Priscilla  Fitch,  had  children  by  both 
wives,  and  is  represented  in  Canterbury 
at  the  present  time  by  a  great-grandson, 
Solomon  Payne  Esq.,  who  resides  on  the 
farm  that  belonged  to  his  ancestor. 

Rev.  Joseph  Marshall  was  born  in 
Windsor,  Febuary  17,  1731,  son  of  Sam- 
uel and  Abagail  Marshall.    He  was,  when 


26               Churches  and  Miniders  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  [Jan. 

a  child  in  years,  awakened  by  tbe  preach-  Rev.  William  Bradford  was  born 

ing  of  Mr.  Whitefield,  and   united   with  at    Canterbury,    Mar.    4,    1745,    son   of 

the  church.     When  the  Separatists  arose,  William  and  INIary  (Cleveland)  Bradford, 

he  attached   himself  to  them,  and    soon  (His   father  was  a  lineal  descendent  of 

became  an  active  laborer  in  their  connec-  Gov.     Bradford,  —  married     four     wives 

tion,   for    which    he    suflered    fines   and  and  had   20  children,  of  whom  three  be- 

imprisonment.     At  length  he  began  prop-  came  clergymen.)     Mr.  Bradford  gradu- 

er  ministerial  labor  in   the  district  called  ated  at  New  Jersey  College  in  1774,  and 

Oblong,  adjoining  the  Western  boundary  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  is  believed 

of  Connecticut,  and  after  laboring  in  va-  never  to  have  been  Pastor  of  any  church, 

rious  places,  was,   in  his  twentieth  year,  and   to  have  spent  the  most  of  his  life 

called  at  Soniers,  but  remained  here  only  teaching  and  preaching  in  various  places 

■  about  three  years.     He  was  installed  over  in   Connecticut   and    other   states.      The 

the  Strict  or  Separate  Church  in  Canter-  latter  part  of  his  life  he  lived  in  or  near 

bury  Apr.  18,  1759,  and  remained  here  his  paternal  home,  and  acted  as  the  minis- 

until  Aug.  29,  1768,  when  he  was  dis-  ter  of  the   Church  in   the  "North   Soci- 

missed  in  consequence  of  some  proposals  ety,"    Canterbury.       He   died    Mar.    31, 

for   reuniting   the    Church   to   which   he  1808,  aged  63,  and  was   burled   with  his 

ministered  and  the  one  from  which  it  had  fathers. 

separated.      He  afterwards  resided  about  He   married  late   in  life,   Anna   Spal- 

sixteen    years   in   the    North    parish   in  ding,  but  had  no  children. 

Canaan,  then  spent  ten  years   with   his  The    Second    Church    in    Canterbury 

eldest  daughter  at  Green   River,  N.  Y.,  (Westminster   Society)  was  formed  Nov. 

and   finally   removed   to    Starksborough,  20,  1770,  and  has  had  the  following  pas- 

Vt.,  to  live  with  his  youngest  daughter,  tors. 

During  all  this  latter  portion  of  his  life,     John  Staples, Orel.  Apr.  17,   1772 

though   he  held  no  pastoral  charge,   he  '^  ^^^-  ^^■'   ^'^^^ 

preached,  as  there  was  occasion,  the  Gos-     Erastus  Leakned, Inst^.  Feb^  6^  18M 

pel    he    so   much    loved.     His    labors    in     ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Orel,  m""' 9, '  1825 

Weymouth,    Hinesburg,    Westford,    and  Dis.  Oct.  11,   1831 

Starksborough,  Vt,  were  of  no  litde  value     Asa  Kixg, Inst.  Jan.  23,   1833 

to  those  places.     At  length  there  came  a  "'' 

period  to  his  labors.     He  died  at  the  set-     ^^^'^^^  S.  Hazek, Inst.  Sept.  26,  1849 

ting   of  the  sun  on    Saturday,  Feb.  20,  Rev.  John    Staples  was  the  son  of 

1813,  at  the  very  time  at  which   (as  he  Dea.   Seth   Staples  of  Taunton  Ms.,  was 

believed)  the  Sabbath  began,  and  entered  graduated    at    New    Jersey    College    in 

on  that  rest  which  remaineth  for  the  peo-  1765,  was  ordained  over  the   Church   in 

pie  of  God.  Westminster,  April  17,  1772,  and  contin- 

In  his  younger  days  Mr.  Marshall  had  ued  Pastor  of  that   Church  till   his  death, 

his  full   share   of  the   enthusiasm  which  of  putrid  fever,  Feb.  16,  1804,  in  the  61st 

characterised  the  Separatists,  but  showed  year  of  his  age. 

in  later  life  a  more  sober  disposition,,  and  In  theological  views  he  was  inclined  to 

was  received  as  a  member  of  the  Addison  Moderate   Calvinism,  and   was  one  of  the 

Association.     Still  there  appeared  much  early  members  of  the  Eastern  Association 

eccentricity  in  all  his  performances,  min-  of  Windham  County,  a  body  formed   in 

"led   with  a   hl"hly   devout  and   deeply  1799,  in   dislike    of  the    Hopkinsianism 

humble  spirit.     He  marrieJ  Pamela,  dau.  prevalent  among  the  younger  ministers, 

of  Mr.  Job  Palmer,  by  whom  he  had  sev-  Mr.   Staples    married,     Aug.    13,1772, 

eral  children.     Two  sons  died  before  him,  Susannah   Perkins  and  had  eleven  ehil- 

in  the  flower  of  their  age.  dren,  among  whom  three  sons  graduated 


18G0.]         Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


27 


at  Yale  College,  and  one,  Seth  Perkins 
Staples,  is  now  (  in  his  83d  year)  an  emi- 
nent practicioner  of  law  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  Mrs.  Staples  survived  her 
husband  and  died  Sept.  10,  1810. 

Kev.  EuASTUS  Lk.a.rxed  was  born  in 
Killingly,  Jan.  1,  1775,  son  of  James  and 
Sibyl  (Merrill)  Learned,  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  179.5,  studied  tlieol- 
ogy  with  Rev.  Mr.  Atkins  of  Killingly, 
was  ordained  at  Charlton,  Ms.  Nov.  8, 
1796,  and  dismissed  Sept.,  1802  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health,  was  installed  at  West- 
minster Feb.  6,  1805  and  retained  this 
charge  till  his  death,  June  30,  1824. 

Mr.  Learned  published  sermons  which 
he  preached  at  tiie  ordinations  of  Rev. 
Cornelius  Adams  in  Scotland,  Rev.  Jason 
Park  at  Southbridge,  Ms.  and  Rev.  Sam. 
Backus  in  Woodstock,  and  one  or  two 
others. 

He  married  (1)  Freelove  Wilkinson, 
by  whom  he  had  nine  children  and  (2) 
Sophia  Bacon,  by  whom  he  had  four 
more.  Many  of  these  children  have 
already  followed  their  parents  to  the 
grave. 

Rev.  Israel  Gurley  Rose  was  born 
in  Coventry,  graduated  Y.  C.  1821,  was 
ordained  Mar.  9,  1825  Pastor  of  the 
Church  in  Westminster,  and  was  dis- 
missed after  a  little  contention  and  confu. 
sion,  Oct.  11,  1831,  was  installed  at  North 
Wilbraham,  Ms.  April  18,  1832,  and  dis- 
missed In  Feb.  1835,  was  again  installed 
in  Chesterfield,  Ms.  Nov.  18,  1835,  where 
he  remained  in  charge  till  his  death  Feb. 
5,  1842,  at  the  age  of  43  years.  He  was 
buried  in  his  native  town. 

Mr.  Rose  married  Percy  B and 

left  one  daughter.  His  only  known  pub- 
lication is  a  Sermon  preached  in  Chester- 
field on  the  death  of  Francis  Clapp. 

Rev.  Asa  King  was  born  in  Mansfield 
in  1769,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  King. 
His  advantages  for  earlj-  education  were 
limited,  and  during  his  youth  a  lack  of 
health  hindered  his  endeavors  to  obtain 
more  enlarged  opportunities.  In  1795  he 
succeeded    in    entering    the    Colle2;e   at 


Princeton,  but  was  unable  to  complete 
the  regular  course  of  study.  After  spend- 
ing a  number  of  years  in  teaching,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  theology  in  the 
Spring  of  1801,  with  Dr.  Backus  of  Som- 
ers,  and  In  the  fall  of  that  year  was 
approved  as  a  candidate. 

He  was  soon  employed  at  Pomfret  and 
was  ordained  Pastor  there  May  5,  1802. 
During  his  pastorate  of  nine  years  great 
harmony  prevailed  and  an  extensive  revi- 
val was  enjoyed.  He  was  dismissed  June 
15,  1811  on  account  of  ill  health  and  inad- 
equate pecuniary  support.  He  was  soon 
after  re-settled  at  North  Killingworth, 
where  powerful  revivals  were  enjoyed 
under  his  ministry,  in  which  he  enjoyed 
the  co-operation  of  Rev.  Asahel  Nettle- 
ton,  a  native  of  that  parish.  He  was  at 
length  dismissed  in  1832  In  consequence 
of  opposition  that  arose  to  his  zeal  in  the 
Temperance  cause. 

Within  a  few  months  he  received  a  call 
to  Westminster  and  was  installed  Jan.  23 
1833,  where  he  remained  till  his  death 
Dec.  2,  1849,  in  his  80th  year.  For  some 
two  years  previously  he  had  required 
assistance  in  the  work  of  his  office,  and 
just  before  his  death  welcomed  his  son-in- 
law  as  Colleague  Pastor.  His  funeral 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Francis 
Williams  of  Eastford. 

Mr.  King  married  (1)  Eunice  Howe  of 
Mansfield,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  (a 
physician  In  Saybrook,)  and  two  daugh- 
ters,—  (2)  Mrs.  Crissa  Judson,  widow  of 
Mr.  Zuingllus  Judson  and  daughter  of 
Rev.  William  Storrs  of  Westford. 

Rev.  Reuben  Stedman  Ha/ex  was 
born  at  Tunbrldge,  Vt.,  son  of  Frederick 
and  Sarah  (Stedman)  Hazen,  removed 
with  his  parents  (in  childhood)  to  Nor- 
wich, and  thence  to  West  Springfield  Ms., 
graduated  Y.  C.  1818,  and  after  studying 
theology  under  Rev.  Dr.  Osgood  of  Spring- 
field, was  licensed  In  June,  1820,  by 
Hampden  Association. 

In  the  following  year  Mr.  Hazen  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  associated 
churches  of  Agawam  (then  newly  organ- 


28 


The   Congregational  Church  Polity 


[Jan. 


ized)  and  Feeding  Hills,  both  in  the  town 
of  West  Springfield,  and  was  ordained 
Oct  17,  1821.  After  remaining  in  this 
connection  eight  years  he  withdrew  from 
the  church  in  Feeding  Hills,  and  devoted 
himself  to  that  in  Agawam.  Here,  after 
thirteen  )'ears  additional  labor  he  was  dis- 
missed May  17,  1843,  on  account  of  the 
failure  of  his  health,  and  was  soon  after 
installed    in    Barkhamstead.      After   re- 


maining here  about  six  and  a  half  years, 
he  accepted  an  Invitation  to  Westminster, 
where  he  was  installed  Sept.  26,  1849. 

Mr.  Hazen  married  (1)  Marianne,  dau. 
of  Rev.  Luke  Wood,  (2)  Eunice,  dau.  of 

Rev.  Asa  King,  and   (3) Burgess 

of  Westminster. 

His  oldest  son  has  been  Pastor  of  a 
church  in  Dalton,  Ms.,  and  a  daughter  is 
the  wife  of  a  Pastor  in  Ct. 


THE   CONGREGATIONAL   CHURCH   POLITY  ADAPTED  TO  THE 
FOREIGN  MISSIONARY  WORK. 

liY    REV.    A.    L.    THOMPSON,    MISSIOXAllY    TO    PERSIA. 


We  are  told.  In  ancient  story,  of  a  cer- 
tain Island  In  the  iEgean  sea,  which  the 
nations  looked  upon  as  sacred  to  the 
brotherhood  of  man.  No  conflict  was 
allowed  within  Its  borders.  Men  laid 
down  their  weapons  on  those  peaceful 
shores,  and  those  who  had  been  enemies 
elsewhere,  there  dwelt  In  mutual  harmony 
and  love. 

Even  such  has  been  the  missionary 
work  amid  the  sectarian  confliets  of  good 
men.  Standing  upon  the  broad  Delos  of 
their  common  faith,  and  toiling  for  the 
millions  unto  whom  the  Gospel  never  has 
been  preached,  they  have  looked  upon 
denominational  distinctions  as  of  trifling 
moment,  when  contrasted  with  the  great 
good  which  an  outward  expression  of  the 
inward  union  might  produce.  The  result 
has  been  one  of  almost  incalculable  good. 
Much  has  been  accomplished  which  the 
Church,  in  its  separate  detachments,  would 
have  found  It  difficult,  if  not  imjiossible,  to 
do.  The  Church,  moreover,  has  received 
a  powerful  reaction  on  herself,  tending 
greatly  to  Increase  the  harmony  In  which 
such  combinations  were  first  laid ;  and 
the  whole  has  furnished  a  delightful  exhi- 
bition to  the  world  of  the  grand  and 
essential  Unity  which  underlies  the  vary- 
ing surface  of  Christ's  kingdom  upon 
earth. 

That  the  time  has  come;  that  the  time 


will  ever  come,  when  this  comparative 
indifference  to  ecclesiastical  distinctions 
must  give  way,  it  is  not  designed,  in  this 
discussion  to  contend.  But  on  the  other 
hand  the  question  of  Church  Polity  Is  rap- 
idly becoming  one  of  Immediate  and 
important  bearings  on  the  foreign  mission- 
ary work.  Churches  are  now  forming 
upon  heathen  shores,  and  some  polity 
they  must  have.  That  is  no  sectarian 
and  narrow  spirit,  which  enquires  anx- 
iouslj'  to  know  what  system  is  best  fitted 
to  their  wants.  The  question  cannot 
slumber.  Every  missionary  must  decide 
It.  It  meets  the  Church  at  every  step 
along  her  journey  to  the  full  completion 
of  her  work,  and  githers  to  itself  the  sol- 
emn consequence  of  that  which  will  affect 
the  everlasting  interests  of  men.  We  ask 
attention,  therefore,  to  no  indlllerent  or 
merely  partisan  concern,  in  considering 
The  Co.vguegatioxal  Chuucii  Pol- 
ity AS  FITTED  TO  THE  FOUEIGN  MIS- 
SIONARY  Work. 

And  here  an  inquiry  meets  us  on  the 
very  threshold  of  our  theme.  Does  Con- 
gregationalism contain,  within  itself,  any 
provision  for  that  inllucnce  of  one  man,  or 
a  few  men,  over  the  laity  which  it  is  evi- 
dent that  native  churches,  at  least  in  their 
commencement,  will  imperatively  need  ? 
If  Episcopal  or  Presbyterian  authority 
could  ever  find  a  logical  defence,  it  Is  said 


1860]  Adapted  to  the  Foreign  Mismnary  Work. 


29 


it  certainly  could  do  so  in  the  case  of  those 
men  who  themselves  have  gathered  church- 
es upon  missionary  ground.     Nowhere  are 
the  clergy  more  deserving,  and  nowhere 
are  the  laity  more  needy  of  that  influence 
which    authority   can    give.     The    latter 
need  the  powerful  direction  of  some  mind 
more  able  and  experienced   than   theirs  ; 
and  the  former  are,  of  all  men,  the  least 
likely  to   abuse   the  trust   committed   to 
their  charge.     Moreover,   it  is  said  that 
apostolical  control  was  paramount  in   cir- 
cumstances similar  to  those  of  missionaries 
now ;  and  that,   whether  Paul  exercised 
ecclesiastical  authority  or  not,  a  modern 
missionary  needs  it,  to  make   up  to  him 
the   influence  which  inspiration,  and  the 
agency  of  miracles,  gave  Paul.     All  are 
agreed,   however,    upon    this :    that    the 
missionary   churches   do   greatly  need   a 
powerful  direction  from  the  wise  and  holy 
ministers    who   first   preach  to  them  the 
word ;  and  the  question  is   whether  Con- 
gregationalism,   vesting    no    authoritij   in 
ministers,   is   able   to   supply  that   want. 
AVe  answer  that  the  position  of  these  men 
as   missionaries  will   secure  to  them   the 
extraordinary  influence  which  their  tem- 
porary circumstances   need.     In   the  first 
place,  their  acknowledged  holiness,  and 
general  superiority  in  ability  and  culture 
to  the  people  of  their  charge,  is  such  as 
can  find  no  parallel  in  circumstances  dif- 
fering from  theirs.     In   the  second  place, 
the  converts  who  compose  these  churches 
first  received  the  gospel  from  the  men   to 
whom   this   influence    properly   belongs; 
are  generally  their  own   children  in  the 
Lord  ;  and,  as  such,  naturally  regard  their 
spiritual  fathers  with  the  utmost  deference 
and   love.     And,   finally,  the   missionary 
disburses  the  Church  funds.     If  the  native 
churches  should  insist  on  measures  which 
he  thinks  are  detrimental  to  their  good, 
and  his  weight  of  character  does  not  avail 
him  for  control,  he  has  a  great  reserve  of 
power  in  the  fact  that  he  is  not  dependent 
on   them  for  support,  but  that  they  are 
thus  dependent  on  him  for  money  to  sup- 
port  their   helpers,    and    not   seldom   to 

VOL.  II.  3* 


maintain  existence  as  a  Church.  Now  if 
these  three  circumstances :  his  superiority 
in  mental  and  religious  training  to  the 
people  of  his  charge ;  the  fact  that  he  is 
spiritual  father  to  the  Church;  and  the 
fact  that  he  disburses  the  Church  funds, 
do  not  give  the  missionary  all  the  influence 
he  needs,  then  no  ecclesiastical  authority 
could  help  him,  or  be  safely  trusted  to  his 
charge.  We  have  now  prepared  the  way, 
if  we  mistake  not,  for  the  proof  that  the 
Congregational  Church  Polity  has  a  special 
fitness  to  the  foreign  missionary  work. 

1.  And,  in  the  first  place,  we  are  fur- 
nished with  a  strong  presumption  that  it 
has,  in  the  fact  that  Christ  commanded  it, 
and  his  apostles  practised  it,  in  circum- 
stances similar  to  those  in  which  missiona- 
ries are  now  placed.  The  example  and 
many  of  the  precepts  of  inspired  men  be- 
come literally  binding  upon  us,  just  in 
proportion  as  our  circumstances  are  iden- 
tical with  theirs.  When  this  resemblance 
is  made  out,  their  conduct  becomes  the 
rule  of  authority  for  us.  And  then,  inas- 
much as  in  nearly  all  God's  doings  we 
can  trace  a  special  fitness  to  a  moral  end, 
we  have  strong  presumptive  evidence,  at 
least,  that  in  the  case  before  us,  to  obey,  is 
to  do  that  which  in  the  circumstances  is 
best  fitted  to  the  object  which  we  seek. 
What  Polity,  then,  did  Christ  and  his 
apostles  institute  as  best  fitted  to  their 
wants ;  and  were  their  circumstances 
similar  to  those  which  now  attend  the  mis- 
sionary operations  of  the  Church  ? 

That  the  New  Testament  Church  sys- 
tem was  substantially  like  that  which  the 
Congregational  theory  presents,  we  have 
need  for  but  the  barest  summary  of  proof. 
While  the  18th  of  Matthew  and  the  5th 
of  1st  Corinthians  remain  portions  of  God's 
Word,  it  never  can  be  shown  that  any 
system,  however  excellent  it  be,  which 
denies  the  right  of  excommunication  to  the 
lohole  body  of  the  local  Church,  is  the  system 
which  apostles  practised,  or  the  Saviour 
preached.  Listen  to  the  clear  statement 
of  our  Lord.  If  thy  brother  trespass 
against  thee,  first  go  to  him  alone.     If  he 


30 


The   Congregational  Church  Polity 


[Jan. 


hear  thee,  thou  hast  gained  thy  brother. 
But  if  he  will  not  hear  thee,  then  go  to 
him  "with  witnesses,  and,  if  he  refuses  lis- 
tening to  them,  then  tell  it  to  the  Church. 
Not  to  the  Bishop  ;  not  to  the  elders :  tell 
it  to  the  Church,  and  if  he  Avill  not  listen 
to  the  Church,  then  let  him  be  to  thee  as 
an  heathen  man  and  publican.  Unless 
the  Bishop,  or  a  few  elders  constitute  the 
Church,  no  system  can  be  Scriptural 
which  takes  the  power  of  exclusion  from 
the  assembled  body  of  the  followers  of 
Christ.  Congregationalism  needs  no  proof 
text  except  that. 

But  what  thought  apostles  of  this  plain 
principle  of  Christ  ?  If  a  man  was  ever 
eminently  fitted  for  ecclesiastical  control, 
the  Apostle  to  the  Gentiles  surely  was 
that  man.  But  in  the  only  case  of  disci- 
pline recorded  in  God's  Word,  Paul  was 
the  minister,  and  he  expressly  throws  the 
whole  matter  on  the  Church.  "  Put  away 
from  yourselves  that  wicked  person,"  is  the 
solemn  counsel  that  he  gives.  You,  Cor- 
inthians, yourselves  do  it,  by  your  own 
action  as  a  Church  ;  and,  long  after,  in 
exhorting  them,  by  their  own  action  as  a 
Church,  to  receive  back  the  now  exscind- 
ed but  repentant  member  to  their  fellow- 
ship and  love,  he  gives  it  as  a  reason  that 
the  "  punishment  inflicted  of  the  many," 
that  is,  by  their  whole  number  as  a  Church, 
had  produced  on  the  offender  its  appro- 
priate effect.  In  Matthew,  then,  we  have 
the  precept  as  given  by  Christ,  and  in 
Corinthians,  both  the  precept  and  example, 
as  given  by  Paul.  If  Scripture  can  prove 
anything,  these  passages  attest  that  the 
democratic  element,  in  principle  and  prac- 
tice, was  the  basis  upon  which  the  New 
Testament  Church  Polity  was  built.  They 
prove  that  the  local  Church  was  qualified 
and  bound  to  exercise  the  most  important 
function  of  ecclesiastical  authority  itself. 
It  could  excommunicate ;  and,  if  that,  then 
a  fortiori,  it  could  choose  its  minister  and 
settle  minor  difficulties  by  its  own  powers 
as  a  Church. 

But  Avere  not  their  circumstances  dif- 
ferent from  those  in  which  a  missionary  is 


now  placed  ?  On  the  contrary,  they  were 
the  same  in  all  general  respects.  So  far 
as  this  question  is  concerned,  the  heathen 
of  to-day  are  like  the  heathen  in  all  ages 
of  the  world.  Paul's  description  of  the 
men  to  whom  he  preached  is  life-like  in 
its  application  to  the  present  mission- 
ary work.  The  foolish  Galatians,  the 
weak  and  dissolute  Corinthians,  are  pro- 
totypes of  heathen  converts  the  world 
through.  In  the  very  coiintry  where  the 
Ephesian  Church  "  tried  those  who  said 
they  were  apostles  and  were  not ";  among 
the  very  people  where  the  Church  at 
Thyatira,  and  the  Church  at  Pergamos,  did 
wrong  in  not  excluding  the  offending 
members  from  their  midst ;  under  the  very 
circumstances  and  upon  the  very  ground 
where  it  pleased  apostles,  "  with  the  elders 
and  the  loliole  Church"  to  send  the 
"  chosen "  men  to  Antioch  for  mutual 
deliberation  and  advice ;  and  where,  a 
little  time  before,  the  converts  cast  their 
lots,  and,  by  their  own  vote,  elected  even 
an  apostle  to  his  work ;  in  that  country, 
under  those  circumstances,  prosecuting 
the  same  work,  over  sixty  missionaries  of 
one  Board  are  now  called  to  meet  this 
question  : — will  you  exercise  ecclesiastical 
authority  or  not  V  Since  now,  for  the 
same  purpose,  inspiration  recognized  the 
democratic  element  alone,  it  is  powerful 
presumptive  evidence  at  least,  that  it  fur- 
nishes the  system  best  fitted  to  the  mis- 
sionary work. 

2.  Another  argument  to  prove  the  mis- 
sionary fitness  of  the  Congregational 
Church  theory,  is  this  :  that  it  is  simple  in 
its  principle  and  easily  applied.  As  those 
who  pioneer  in  travel  or  in  war,  consult 
efficiency  and  lightness  in  the  instru- 
ments they  take,  so  the  herald  of  the  gos- 
pel, above  all  men,  needs  a  theory  which, 
everywhere  and  always,  stiall  be  ready  for 
the  instant  service  of  the  Church.  Grant 
but  a  few  followers  of  Christ,  contiguous 
enough  to  worship  in  one  place,  and  the 
working  of  the  Congregational  Church 
system  is  complete.  It  is  compact,  handy, 
prompt.     Drop  a  Congregational  Church 


I860.]  Adapted  to  the  Foreign  Mlshionary  Work 

in  any  portion  of  the  world,  and  there  it     of  much  inquiry  is  this  : 


31 


in  any  portion  of  the  worhl,  and  there  it 
■works, — in  itself,  a  perfect  and  self-opera- 
ting thing.  Parts  of  other  systems  you 
can  easily  apply,  but  in  order  completely 
to  realize  their  force,  you  demand  condi- 
tions contrary  to  the  very  nature  of  the 
missionary  work.  For  missionary  church- 
es are  alone.  Languages  vary.  Inter- 
communication is  not  easy,  as  with  us ; 
and,  even  if  it  were,  long  time  elapses 
before  other  churches  will  be  formed. 
You  may  form  the  Session,  but  for  the 
Presbytery  you  must  wait ;  and  beyond 
the  Session,  meantime,  there  is  no  power 
of  appeal.  You  may  form  the  Presby- 
tery, but  for  the  Synod  yon  must  wait ; 
and  be}ond  the  Presbytery,  meantime, 
there  is  no  power  of  appeal.  You  may 
form  the  Synod,  but  for  the  General  As- 
sembly you  must  wait ;  and,  by  the  time 
you  have  formed  that,  the  missionary  ser- 
vice is  already  losing  its  distinctive  charac- 
ter as  such.  When  the  Genius  of  the 
Government  is  at  last  thoroughly  at  work, 
it  wakes  up  to  find  that  the  distinctive 
enterprise  of  Missions  is  already  sliding 
from  its  grasp ! 

It  is  in  vain  to  urge  that,  in  the  case 
before  us,  native  churches  can  immediately 
connect  themselves  with  Synods  and  As- 
semblies here  at  home.  The  idea  of  ap- 
pealing across  continents  and  oceans,  and 
even  then  to  men  so  differently  situated 
that  they  can  know  but  imperfectly  the 
nature  of  the  case,  is,  on  the  very  face  of 
it,  absurd.  Of  necessity  the  connection 
must  be  nominal,  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses for  which  Presbyterian  authority  is 
claimed  ;  and  the  theory  cannot  therefore 
be  immediately  and  perfectly  applied. 
So,  too,  of  other  systems,  of  which  space, 
however,  will  not  suffer  us  to  speak. 
They  are  cumbrous  and  unwieldy  in  com- 
parison with  that  which  binds  its  limits 
with  the  limits  of  the  local  Church,  and 
never  goes  beyond  them,  save  to  seek  a 
brother's  counsel  and  to  show  a  brother's 
courtesy  and  love. 

The  history  of  Missions  forms  a  striking 
commentary  on  this  thought.     The  result 


of  much  inquiry  is  this  :  that  it  would  be 
difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  find,  in  the 
whole  heathen  world,  a  single  case  in 
which  the  full  machinery  of  any  other 
system  is  at  work.  On  the  contrary,  we 
are  fearless  of  successful  contradiction 
when  we  say  that  missionaries  have  been 
driven,  by  the  very  circumstances  of  their 
case,  to  adopt  a  theory  which  has  gene- 
rally been  Congregational  in  all  material 
respects.  This,  however,  will  appear 
more  fully  in  considering  another  depart- 
ment of  this  argument,  which  is  ; 

3.  That  the  yielding  nature  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  theory  affords  another 
reason  for  its  special  fitness  to  the  mis- 
sionary work.  It  is  facile,  pliant ;  it  will 
bend  to  the  necessities  of  things.  It  would 
be  impossible  to  say  what  is,  externally, 
the  form  of  the  Congregational  Church. 
That  which  is  distinctive  in  it  is  a  princi- 
ple, and  not  a  form ;  and  the  principle 
puts  on  that  outward  structure  which  ex- 
isting circumstances  may  demand.  There 
are  churches  which  are  partially  or  fully 
Presbyterian  in  form,  which  are  purely 
Congregational  in  fact.  Many  are  the 
Bishops  whose  only  authority  is  that  which 
position,  and  a  godly  character,  can  give. 
That  which  marks  a  Church  distinctively 
as  Congregational  is  this  :  that  it  recog- 
nizes no  ecclesiastical  authority  but  God. 
Any  form  is  Congregational  which  that 
principle  has  filled.  Such  a  Church  may 
have  no  minister,  or  twenty  ministers,  and 
be  Congregational  still.  It  may  work 
by  Committees  or  without  them,  and  be 
Congregational  still.  The  influence  of 
its  clergy  may  be  apostolic,  if  you  please, 
and  its  laity  scarce  know  their  right  hand 
from  their  left :  the  relation  of  the  two 
may  be  almost  literally  that  of  the  Shep- 
herd to  the  sheep  ;  and  still,  if  the  power 
lodges  with  the  laity  to  assert  it  when  they 
please,  and  use  it  when  they  can,  that 
Church  is  essentially  a  Congregational 
Church.  A  hierarchy  in  the  Church,  like 
a  despotism  in  the  State,  must  stiffen  into 
forms.  It  needs  the  help  which  an  elab- 
orate and  centralized  machinery  can  give. 


32 


The  Congregational  Church  Polity^  &c. 


[Jan. 


It  reaches  towards  externals  for  support 
on  which  its  own  weakness  can  repose. 
It  adopts  them  as  a  portion  of  itself;  it 
grows  rigid  with  them  until  finally  the 
form  and  principle  are  one.  But  spirit- 
ual freedom  is  a  life,  and  its  body  changes, 
like  the  vegetation,  with  a  diflference  of 
climate  and  of  soil.  It  has  nothing  to  do 
with  questions  of  uniformity  in  conven- 
tional and  unessential  forms.  These  may 
change,  with  changes  in  locality  and  time, 
through  all  possible  varieties  not  incon- 
sistent with  the  liberty  of  Christians  and 
obedience  to  Christ.  The  simple  point  to 
which  the  Congregational  Church  theory 
drives  all  antagonists  is  this  :  a  question 
between  authorit}'  rising  with  the  people 
and  returning  to  the  people  on  the  one 
side,  and  authority  flowing  from  the  peo- 
ple towards  Popes,  Bishops,  and  Assem- 
blies, on  the  other  side.  Let  but  its  dis- 
tinctive principle  remain,  and  the  system 
becomes  all  things  to  all  men,  according 
as  their  ever  changing  circumstances 
need. 

What,  now,  is  the  application  of  all  this 
to  native  churches  upon  heathen  shores  V 
That  they  must  have  a  system  that  will 
bend,  is  too  obvious  for  proof.  Is  there 
anything,  however,  in  their  actual  prac- 
tice, which  contains  a  confirmation  of 
these  views  ? 

And  here  the  excellence  of  this  system 
proves  an  evil  to  itself.  Its  most  valua- 
ble traits  are  those  which  render  Its  good 
qualities  least  likely  to  be  known.  For,  in 
doctrine,  non-essentials,  and.  In  polity, 
externals,  are  the  fruitful  parents  of  secta- 
rian zeal ;  and  when  this  system,  as  it 
does,  exalts  a  principle  with  but  little 
deference  to  form,  the  very  feature  which 
so  recommends  it,  is  a  feature  indisposing 
its  adherents  to  party  spirit  and  sectarian 
strife.  Moreover,  as  a  true  polity,  it  is 
faithful  to  its  mission  as  a  medium  of 
spiritual  blessings  to  mankind  ;  and,  as  a 
medium,  like  glass,  the  more  perfectly  it 
works,  the  less  does  it  attract  attention  to 
itself.  And,  finally,  in  varying  Its  outer 
aspects  to  the  ever  changing  circumstances 


of  the  Church,  Congregationalism  lurks 
so  frequently  in  forms  upon  which  other 
names  are  written  than  its  own,  that  other 
systems  have  not  seldom  claimed  the  merit 
of  Its  works.  Missionaries  are  not  apt, 
therefore,  to  speak  loudly  In  its  praise. 
They  have  not  always  known  what  unob- 
trusive principle  has  vitalized  the  forms 
they  have  employed ;  and,  even  when 
they  have  discerned  It,  like  the  Lord, 
whose  faithful  servant  it  has  been,  itself 
has  "  charged  them  that  they  tell  no  man 
what  was  done."  And  so  they  come  and 
tell  us  that  they  have  no  system ;  that 
they  have  all  systems;  that  they  have 
many  new  systems ;  that,  in  short,  the 
question  of  Church  polity  does  not  trouble 
them  on  missionary  ground.  It  does  not 
trouble  them,  and  why  ?  Press  them  with 
inquiries,  and  the  result  Is  generally  this  : 
that,  in  seeking  for  the  polity  best  fitted 
to  their  wants,  they  have  fallen  on  a  prin- 
ciple, so  unsectarian  and  liberal  itself,  and 
yet  so  adapted  to  their  circumstances,  and 
so  pliant  to  their  wants,  that,  In  Its  noise- 
less working,  and  beneath  its  changing 
forms,  they  have  hardly  thought  to  recog- 
nize the  same  old  system  which  apostles 
practised,  and  the  Saviour  preached.  That 
which  Is  biblical  is  natural ;  and,  in  striv- 
ing to  adapt  the  broken  fragments  of  more 
cumbrous  systems  to  their  wants,  they 
have,  consciously  or  unconsciously,  been 
toiling  In  the  limits  which  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  theory  has  drawn. 

4.  But  space  will  not  suffice  to  state  all 
the  reasons  why  this  system  has  a  special 
fitness  to  the  missionary  work.  We  might 
speak  of  its  intense  sympathy  with  free- 
dom in  the  state  ;  and,  amid  the  blessings 
of  that  government  of  which  it  was  the 
proud  honor  of  the  Congregational  Church 
theory  to  be  at  once  the  mother  and  the 
nurse,  prove  Its  mission  of  political  as  well 
as  spiritual  liberty  to  nations  which  are 
still  down-trodden  upon  heathen  shores. 
We  might  speak  of  the  high  reverence  it 
places  on  God's  word  ;  and,  contrasting 
other  systems,  show  how  vitally  important 
it  must   be   that  missionaries  should  not 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New  York. 


33 


jeopardize  that  reverence  by  liturgies, 
and  books  of  discipline  and  creeds.  We 
might  speak  of  it  as  therefore  hostile  to 
dead  forms, — an  evil  to  Avhich  native 
churches  are  most  commonly  and  lamenta- 
bly prone.  But,  passing  by  all  other  argu- 
ments, we  shall  consider,  finally  and 
briefly,  that  the  Congregational  Church 
system  has  a  special  fitness  to  the  work  of 
missions  as  an  educator  of  the  native 
Church.  We  have  not  space  to  give  this 
argument  the  prominence  it  claims.  Sur- 
rounded as  we  are,  however,  by  the  Insti- 
tutions which  have  grown  amid  that 
healthful  atmosphere  of  spiritual  freedom 
which  has  done  so  much  toward  rendering 
New  England  what  she  Is,  it  surely  needs 
but  little  argument  to  show  its  value  as  an 
educating  power. 

The  gospel  gives  to  men,  as  men,  an 
equal  and  Inestimable  worth.  It  strikes 
away  all  shackles  and  bids  the  intellectual 
and  spiritual  faculties  go  free.  But  those 
faculties  the  missionary  finds  degraded 
and  benumbed,  and  their  development 
and  training  Is  thenceforward  the  grand 
duty  of  the  Church.  How,  now,  shall  It 
best  execute  Its  high  commission  as  the 
educator  of  these  sons  and  daughters  of 
almighty    God  ?     Bidding   us    remember 


that  for  Influence,  as  distinguished  from 
authority,  the  Congregational  Church 
theory  provides,  and  that,  In  the  Ignorance 
and  weakness  of  the  native  Church,  the 
missionary  ipso  facto  must  become  a  pow- 
erful example  and  a  guide,  the  system  of 
the  Puritans  replies,  by  putting  native 
converts  Into  circumstances  where  their 
mental  and  religious  natures  will  most 
often  be  called  out.  It  answers  us  by 
giving  every  one  of  them  a  voice  and  a 
responsibility  in  governing  and  disci- 
plining all.  "  Every  member  has  his  own 
vote  on  every  grave  proposal.  For  that 
vote  he  must  prepare  his  mind  and  heart. 
He  has  a  judgment  and  a  conscience,  and 
the  command  is  to  him  as  to  the  Jewish 
king  — '  be  strong  and  show  thyself  a 
man.'  "  Every  member  is  a  juror  upon 
principles  and  men,  and  there  is  not  a 
question  in  the  whole  range  of  doctrinal 
and  practical  religion  which  his  high  re- 
sponsibilities are  not  liable  at  all  times  to 
Involve.  The  result  must  be  to  quicken 
his  dead  energies  to  life.  It  Is  the  result 
of  duty  that  it  makes  men  able  for  the 
duties  they  perform,  and  of  honor  that  it 
makes  men  worthy  of  the  honor  they 
receive. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 
CONGREGATIONALISM    IN    EASTERN    NEW   YORK. 


BY    REV.    JOSEPH    P, 


THOMPSOX,    D.D.,     PASTOR    OF    THE    BROADWAY    TABERNACLE    CHURCH, 
NEW    YORK    CITY.* 


The  origin  of  Congregationalism  in 
Eastern  New  York  dates  from  the  earliest 
settlement  of  Englishmen  In  the  Province. 
The  eastern  extremity  of  Long  Island  was 

1  The  following  sketch  was  prepared  at  the  request 
of  a  Committee  of  the  General  Association  of  New 
York,  and  was  read  at  the  Twenty-fifth  annual  meet- 
ing of  that  body,  at  Rochester,  in  1858.  It  is  pub- 
lished at  the  request  of  the  Association.  A  sketch  of 
Congregational  Churches  in  Western  New  York,  pre- 
pared far  the  satne  occasion,  was  published  in  the 

CoNGREG.illOKAL    QUARTERLY.    No.    2.      Souie    of    the 

most  important  facts  in  the  following  narrative  are 
derived  from  the  Documentary  History  of  New  York, 


mainly  peopled  from  New  England  ;  and 
for  a  time  several  of  Its  towns  were  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  colonies  of  New 
Haven  and  Connecticut.  After  the  union 
of  those  colonies  under  Winthrop's  char- 
ter, the  claim  of  the  Duke  of  York  to  the 

and  Thompson's  History  of  Long  Island.  The  writer 
is  confident  that  an  examination  of  the  records  of 
particular  churches,  and  of  ecclesiastical  bodies, 
especially  in  Suffolk,  Westchester,  and  Saratoga 
counties,  would  bring  to  light  many  facts  of  -value 
touching  the  early  Congregational  churches  in  the 
Empire  State. 


34 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New  York. 


[Jan. 


line  of  the  Connecticut  River,  was  satis- 
fied by  conceding  Long  Island  to  the  juris- 
diction of  His  Highness,  and  thus  securing 
for  Connecticut  a  more  southern  boun- 
dary, (1664.)  When,  on  the  reconquest 
of  the  New  Netherlands,  about  ten  years 
later.  Sir  Edinond  Andros  began  to  play  the 
tyrant  over  New  York,  "  the  inhabitants 
of  the  eastern  part  of  Long  Island  resolved, 
in  town  meetings,  to  adhere  to  Connecti- 
cut;"^ but  as  this  was  illegal,  they  sub- 
mitted to  the  new  jurisdiction.  Yet  these 
sturdy  Puritans  of  Long  Island  held  An- 
dros himself  in  check,  by  insisting  upon  a 
representative  government  as  "  an  inalien- 
able English  birthright."  Thus  these  Pu- 
ritan Congregationalists  gave  the  repre- 
sentative of  a  bigoted  royalty  a  practical 
lesson  in  popular  freedom.  In  a  report 
on  the  Province  of  New  York,  in  1678, 
Gov.  Andros  gave  this  account  of  its  re- 
ligious condition.  "  There  are  Religions 
of  all  sorts, — one  Church  of  England, 
several  Presbyterians  and  Independents, 
Quakers  and  Anabaptists  of  several  sects, 
some  Jews,  but  Presbyterians  and  Inde- 
pendents most  numerous  and  substantial."  * 
He  also  speaks  of  Presbyterians  and  Inde- 
pendents as  "  desirous  to  have  and  main- 
tain ministers,  if  any  to  be  had." 

In  1687,  Gov.  Dongan  of  New  York,  in 
a  report  upon  the  state  of  the  Province, 
wrote,  "  Most  part  of  the  people  of  Long 
Island,  especially  toward  the  east  end,  are 
of  the  same  stamp  with  those  of  New 
England;  refractory,  and  very  loath  to 
have  any  commerce  with  this  place,  to  the 
great  detriment  of  his  Majesty's  revenue, 
and  ruin  of  our  merchants."  ^ 

The  same  officer  thus  describes  the 
religious  divisions  of  the  city  population 
during  his  administration.  "  New  York 
has  first  a  Chaplain  belonging  to  the  fort, 
of  the  Church  of  England  ;  'secondly,  a 
Dutch  Calvinist ;  thirdly,  a  French  Cal- 
vinist ;  fourthly,  a  Dutch  Lutheran.  Here 
be  not  many  of  the  Church  of  England  ; 

1  Bancroft  li.,  403. 

2  Doc.  Hist,  of  N.  Y.,  Tol.  i.,  p.  62,  Quarto  EJ. 
i  Doc.  Ilist.,  i.,  105. 


few  Roman  Catholics ;  abundance  of 
Quaker  preachers,  men,  and  women 
especially ;  Singing  Quakers,  Ranting 
Quakers ;  Sabbatarians,  Anti-Sabbata- 
rians ;  some  Anabaptists,  some  Indepen- 
dents, some  Jews  ;  in  short,  of  all  sorts  of 
opinions  there  are  some,  and  the  most  part 
of  none  at  all."^ 

The  town  of  Southnld,  L.  I.,  settled  in 
1640,  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
New  Haven  Colony.  Its  first  minister 
was  the  Rev.  John  Youngs,  from  Hing- 
ham,  England,  and  not  only  was  the 
Church  Congregational,  but  the  Puritan 
idea  was  carried  to  the  extent  of  admitting 
none  bnt  Chnrch  members  to  vote  in  town 
meeting.  Southampton  was  settled  in 
1640,  by  emigrants  from  Lynn,  Ms.,  who 
stipulated  for  "  as  full  and  free  liberty, 
both  in  Church  order  and  civil  govern- 
ment, as  the  plantations  in  Massachusetts 
enjoyed."  The  first  settlement  by  the 
English,  in  Queen's  County,  was  made  in 
1643,  by  emigrants  from  New  England, 
principally  from  Weathersfield  and  Stam- 
ford, Ct.  These  also  managed  their 
Church  affairs  town-wise,  or  their  town 
affairs  church-wise,  by  permitting  only 
Church  members  to  vote  in  civil  matters. 
This  union  of  Church  and  State,  tended, 
of  course,  to  deteriorate  the  purity  of  the 
Church,  and  gave  facilities  afterwards 
to  subvert  its  polity,  through  Episcopal 
influence,  in  the  colonial  government.  In 
1705,  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas,  who  had  been 
forced  upon  the  peojile  as  a  Rector  of  the 
Church  of  England,  wrote,  "  Tlie  country 
is  extremely  ivedded  to  a  dissenting  min- 
istry. .  .  .  Government  is  our  great  asy- 
lum and  bulwark."  Easthampton,  like 
Southampton,  was  settled  (in  1648)  by 
families  from  Lynn  and  vicinity,  by  agree- 
ment with  the  colonies  of  Connecticut  and 
New  Haven,  for  possession  of  the  soil. 

The  settlement  of  this  town  aOords  so 
fine  an  illustration  of  the  early  principles 
of  New  England,  that  it  deserves  special 
notice  here.  The  original  settler^,  thirty- 
five  in  number,  purchased  the  land  from 

*  Doc.  Hist.,  116. 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  Nev)  York. 


35 


four  Indian  Sachems.  The  Indian  deed 
conveyed  the  land  to  "the  Worshipful  The- 
ophilus  Eaton,  Esquire,  Governor  of  the 
Colony,  of  New  Haven,  and  the  Worship- 
ful Edward  Hopkins,  Governor  of  the  Col- 
ony of  Connecticut,  and  their  associates, 
for  and  in  consideration  of  20  cents,  24 
looking-glasses,  24  hose,  24  hatchets,  24 
knives,  and  100  Mucxs,"  paid  down. 
"  None  were  received  into  this  town,  as 
inhabitants,  but  by  vote,  and  some  were 
forbid  settling  on  account  of  their  princi- 
ples and  laziness."  The  government  of 
the  town  was  a  pure  democracy.  Its  laws 
were  enacted  "by  all  the  citizens  as- 
sembled In  town  meeting."  This  meeting 
was  called  the  General  Court ;  and  in 
1G52,  it  was  decreed  that  if  any  man  be 
aggrieved  with  anything  that  is  done  by 
the  men  that  are  in  authority,  he  shall 
have  liberty  to  make  his  appeal  to  the 
next  General  Court,  or  when  the  freemen 
are  assembled  together  for  their  public 
occasions."  ^  In  1654,  a  combination  sim- 
ilar to  that  formed  at  Hartford,  Windsor, 
and  Weather.-field,  was  entered  into  by 
the  Inhabitants  of  Easthampton.  It  was 
in  these  words :  "  This  combination  is  to 
maintain  and  preserve  the  liberty  and 
purity  of  the  Gospel  of  our  Lord  Jesus, 
which  we  now  profess,  as  also  the  disci- 
pline of  the  Church,  which,  according  to 
the  said  gospel,  is  now  practised  among 
us.  As  also  in  our  civil  affairs  to  be 
guided  and  governed  according  to  such 
laws  and  orders  as  shall  be  made  accord- 
ing to  God,  and  which  by  vote  of  the 
major  part  shall  be  of  force  among  us." 

The  first  deed  of  Huntington,  L.  I.,  was 
given  in  1646,  to  Theophilus  Eaton,  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Haven  ;  and  this  town  was 
of  course  in  sympathy  with  New  England 
in  its  civil  and  religious  institutions. 

In  1655,  Upper  Aquebogue,  and  Brook- 
haven,  or  Setank,  were  settled  by  emi- 
grants from  the  vicinity  of  Boston  ;  these 
towns  being  under  the  jurisdiction  of  New 
Haven  colony,  and  thoroughly  Congrega- 
tional. 

1  Doc.  Uist.  i.,460. 


A  report  addressed  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  by  the  Dutch  pastors  in  New 
York  City,  describes  the  state  of  religion 
In  New  Netherland  as  far  back  as  1657. 
This  report  specifies  that  at  Newtown,  L.  I., 
the  people  are  mostly  Independents,  hav- 
ing a  Church  and  a  preacher  of  their  own 
order ;  and  that  on  the  west  side  of  the 
East  river,  opposite  Flushing,  is  a  village 
named  Oostdorp,  whose  inhabitants  are 
Puritans,  alias  Independents.  They  have 
no  preacher,  but  hold  Sunday  meetings, 
"  reading  from  an  English  book  a  sermon, 
and  making  a  prayer."  Newtown  was 
settled  in  1651  ;  the  first  white  Inhabi- 
tants/ were  enterprising  English  emi- 
grants, who  came  by  way  of  New  England, 
and  brought  New  England  principles  with 
them.  The  first  church  edifice  was  erected 
in  1670. 

That  the  Long  Island  Puritans  were 
of  the  genuine  stock,  is  evident  from  this 
testimony  from  the  same  source.  "  At 
Heemstede,  about  seven  Dutch  miles  from 
hei'e,  there  are  some  Independents ;  but 
the  minister  of  the  place  was  a  Presbyte- 
rian who  had  conformed  to  the  Dutch 
Church.  The  Independents  of  the  place 
listen  attentively  to  his  preaching,  but 
when  he  began  to  baptize  the  children  of 
such  parents  as  are  not  members  of  the 
Church,  they  sometimes  burst  out  of  the 
Church." 

Congregationalism  early  gained  a  foot- 
ing In  Jamaica,  on  L.  I.  That  town  was 
settled  from  Hempstead;  and,  in  1663, 
Rev.  Zechariah  Walker,  a  true  N.  E.  Con- 
gregatlonalist,  was  the  first  minister.  In 
16  76,  the  Inhabitants  and  freeholders  of 
Jamaica,  at  a  public  meeting,  entered  into 
an  agreement  with  Mr.  John  Prudden  to 
be  their  minister ;  and  for  many  years  he 
continued  in  that  town,  "  discharging  the 
work  of  a  fnlnlster  according  to  the  vray 
of  the  churches  In  New  England."  ^  This 
was  in  1676.  Mr.  Prudden  continued  In 
this  post  for  more  than  twelve  years. 
Measures  were  soon  taken,  however,  to 

2  Doc.  Hist.,  iii.,  71. 

3  Doc.  Hist,  iii.,  122. 


36 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  Neiv  York. 


[Jan. 


compel  the  inhabitants  of  Jamaica  to  con- 
form to  the  Church  of  England  ;  and  the 
history  of  that  case  shows  how  Congrega- 
tionalism was,  in  some  instances,  rooted 
out  by  the  power  and  patronage  of  the 
colonial  government  in  the  interest  of  that 
Church.  In  1704,  Rev.  Wm.  Vesey, 
Rector  of  New  York,  writes,  that  in  the 
town  of  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  there  is  a  church 
of  stone,  built  by  a  tax  levied  on  the 
inhabitants  ;  also  a  house  and  some  land, 
recorded  for  the  parsonage,  which  was 
formerly  in  the  possession  of  the  Indepen- 
dent Minister,  but  now  in  possession  of 
the  present  incumbent,  by  His  Excel- 
lency, Lord  Cornbury's  favor,  who  has 
been  the  cjreat  promoter  of  the  Church  in 
this  Province,  and  especially  at  this  place. 
In  Newtown,  there  is  a  church  built  and 
lately  repaired,  by  tax  on  the  inhabitants. 
This  church  was  formerly  possessed  by  a 
dissenting  minister ;  but  he  being  gone,  it 
is  in  possession  of  the  present  incumbent, 
bi/  His  Excellency's  favor.  These  two 
towns  are  said  to  be  chiefly  inhabited  by 
Independents. 

"  In  Suffolk  County,  in  the  east  end  of 
Long  Island,  there  is  neither  a  Church  of 
England  minister,  nor  any  provision  made 
for  one  by  law,  the  people  generally  being 
Independents,  and  upheld  in  their  separa- 
tion by  New  England  Emissai-ies.  But 
there  are  several  already  well  affected  to 
the  Church,  and  if  one  or  two  ministers 
were  sent  among  them,  supported  at  first 
by  the  Society  [for  Propagating  the  Gos- 
pel,] it  would  be  an  excellent  means  of 
reconciling  the  people  to  the  Chui'ch,  and 
of  introducing  an  establishment  for  a  min- 
ister by  law."^ 

The  year  after,  (1705)  two  ministers  of 
the  Church  of  England,  who  had  been 
sent  out  by  the  Society  for  Propagating 
the  Gospel,  and  had  begun  their  mission 
at  Jamaica  and  Hempstead,  write  :  "  The 
inhabitants  of  this  county  are  generally 
Independents.  .  .  .  The  ancient  settlers 
have  transjilanted  themselves  from  New 
England,  and  do  still  keep  up  a  close  cor- 
1  Doe.  Hist,  iii.,  75-6. 


respondence,  and  are  buoyed  up  by  scliis- 
matical  instructions  from  that  interest, 
which  occasion  all  the  disturbance  and 
opposition  we  meet  with  in  both  our  par- 
ishes. They  have  hitherto  been  used  to  a 
dissenting  ministry,  and  they  still  support 
one  at  Jamaica,  who  has  a  most  pestilen- 
tial influence  over  our  people,  who,  from 
their  cradles,  were  disaffected  to  con- 
formity." ' 

"  My  Lord  Cornbury  "  served  a  writ  of 
ejection  upon  this  "  pestilential "  Inde- 
pendent, Rev.  John  Hubbard,  and  vio- 
lently thrust  him  out  of  the  parsonage. 

But  the  Independents  of  Jamaica  seem 
long  to  have  maintained  their  bad  preem- 
inence of  non-conformity.  In  Febuary, 
1716,  complaint  was  made  that  "the  In- 
dependents, being  the  most  numerous,  do 
annually  choose  the  Church  wardens  and 
vestry,  out  of  those  of  their  own  persua- 
sion who  are  the  most  inveterate  against 
the  Church." ' 

In  1744,  the  Rector  writes  that  "  Inde- 
pendency, which  has  been  triumphant  in 
this  town  for  the  forty  years  last  past,  is 
now,  by  the  Providence  of  God,  in  a  very 
faint  and  declining  condition  ;  which  gives 
us  hopes  that  better  principles  than  such 
as  issue  out  thence  will  generally  prevail." 

The  "  Providence  of  God  "  here  so  de- 
voutly recognized,  was  some  other  than 
that  "  favor  of  my  Lord  Cornbury  "  and 
of  other  civil  functionaries,  which,  pre- 
ceding rectors  had  found  so  essential  and 
so  grateful.  Independency,  in  which  the 
people  had  been  cradled  from  infancy, 
was  overborne  by  royal  patronage  and 
power  in  the  interest  of  the  Church  of 
England. 

It  was  only  after  a  long  and  desperate 
struggle  that  the  Independents  of  Jamaica 
were  overcome  by  the  power  and  patronage 
of  an  Episcopal  government.  In  1706, 
Cotton  Mather  wrote,  "  There  is  a  town 
called  Jamaica,  on  Long  Island,  consist- 
ing of  considerably  above  an  hundred  fam- 
ilies,  and   exemplary   for    all    Christian 

-  Doc.  Hist,  iii.,  130. 
3  Doc.  Hist,  iii.,  169. 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  JVew  York. 


Oi 


knowledge  and  goodness,  and  a  Church 
with  a  worthy  pastor  in  it,  about  half  a 
score  families  (and  of  a  meaner  charac- 
ter) in  the  town  declared  for  the  Church 
of  England,  and  thereupon  a  minister  of 
their  profession  was  sent  to  them,  (one 
Urquhavt,)  who  is  maintained  by  the 
aforesaid  Society  [for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel]  ;  but  this  little  company  hav- 
ing the  advantage  (right  or  wrong)  to  be 
uppermost,  took  away  from  the  Dissenters 
(if  it  be  proper  to  call  such  a  dispropor- 
tionate number  so)  their  meeting-house, 
computed  to  be  worth  six  hundred  pounds, 
and  compelled  them  to  build  another. 
They  also  seized  the  Pai'sonage,  which 
had  been  until  now  enjoyed  by  the  town, 
and  is  esteemed  worth  fifteen  hundred 
pounds.  The  good  people  there  do  adorn 
the  doctrine  of  God,  their  Saviour,  by  a 
most  laudable  silence  and  wonderful  pa- 
tience under  those  things.  But  if  such 
things  proceed,  that  noble  Society  for  the 
Propagation  of  Religion  In  America  will 
greatly  wound  religion  and  their  own 
reputation  also,  which  ought  to  be  forever 
venerable." 

Many  of  the  early  churches  In  West- 
chester County,  as  well  as  those  in  North- 
ern New  Jersey,  were  Congregational ; 
and  an  investigation  of  the  ecclesiastical 
history  of  that  district  would  bring  to  light 
evidence  of  the  priority  of  the  Congrega- 
tional polity  in  several  of  the  early  settle- 
ments. The  town  of  Bye,  for  example, 
was  settled  from  New  England,  in  1650. 
It  was  annexed  to  the  colony  of  New 
York  In  1683.  The  first  religious  society 
in  the  town  was  Congregational,  and  the 
minister  was  chosen  by  vote  of  the  Inhab- 
itants in  town  meeting.  Westchestei-  was 
settled  in  1642,  by  John  Throckmorton, 
and  about  thirty-five  Puritan  families  from 
Salem  and  Providence.  In  this  county, 
as  upon  Long  Island,  strenuous  efforts 
were  made  to  supplant  the  Congrega- 
tional order  of  Puritan  Ideas,  by  forcing 
upon  the  people  ministers  of  the  Church 
of  England,  supported  by  the  Gospel 
Propagation  Society,  and  protected  by  the 

VOL.  II.  4 


government  of  the  colony.  One  of  the 
emissaries  of  that  Society,  speaking  of 
that  rich  and  ardent  Churchman,  Col. 
Heathcote,  says,  "  To  his  efforts  and  to 
his  means  does  Westchester  County  owe 
nearly  every  one  of  her  ancient  j)arislies." ' 
In  1704,  Rev.  Thomas  Pritchard,  of  Rye, 
J  writing  to  the  Society  of  his  success  in 
that  community  of  Puritan  Independents, 
says,  "  What  steps  and  progress  have 
been  made  hereto,  are  mostly  owing  to 
His  Excellency,  Lord  Cornbury's  influence 
and  encouragement  to  us,  the  Attorney 
Genei'al  being  also  very  zealous  for  the 
thorough  settlement  of  the  Church."  - 

In  1714,  Rev.  John  Burtow,  of  West- 
chester, speaks  of  "  rigid  Independents  " 
at  Eastchester.  In  1727,  Rev.  James 
Wetmore  writes  that  "  at  Rye,  the  num- 
ber of  Church  people  and  Independents 
are  nearly  equal,  about  sixty  families 
each.  ...  At  Bedford,  there  are  eight  or 
ten  families  of  Church  pco[)le,  and  the 
rest  are  Presbyterians  or  Independents." 
And  as  late  as  1767,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Seabury,  of  "Westchester,  in  enumerating 
the  sources  of  his  income,  says,  "  Marriage 
fees  from  one  to  four  Spanish  dollars ; 
but  far  the  greater  number  go  to  an  Inde- 
pendent preacher  in  the  parish  of  Rye, 
because  his  ceremony  Is  short,  and  they 
have  nothing  to  say."  ^ 

Such  incidental  evidence  as  this  from 
Episcopal  sources  shows  how  early  and 
how  firmly  Congregationalism  was  rooted 
In  Eastern  New  York  ;  and  how  diligently 
It  was  supplanted  by  the  wealth  and  power 
arrayed  upon  the  side  of  Episcopacy. 

When  we  cross  the  dine  of  the  Hudson, 
we  find  many  towns  in  which  the  ground 
was  preoccupied  by  Congregationalists. 
But  the  founders  of  the  first  Congregational 
churches  in  the  State  of  New  York,  prob- 
ably had  no  thought  of  opening  a  new 
page  of  Ecclesiastical  History  for  the 
study  of  their  descendants.  The  people 
who  constituted  those  churches,  were,  for 

1  Bolton,  Hist,  of  Westchester  County,  p.  152. 

2  Bolton,  p.  144. 

3  Bolton,  p.  249-50. 


38 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  Netu  York. 


[Jan. 


the  most  part,  emigrants  from  New  Eng- 
land ;  their  pastors  were  often  missiona- 
ries, sustained,  in  part,  by  the  churches  of 
New  England  ;  and  hence  it  was  as  nat- 
ural that  they  should  form  Congrecjational 
churches,  as  that  they  should  seek  to 
revive,  in  the  western  wildernesses,  the 
religious  privileges  which  they  had  en-_ 
joyed  in  their  eastern  home.  Indeed, 
some  of  these  churches  Avere  organized 
without  so  much  as  the  name  Congrega- 
tional, since  vmtil  the  growth  of  other  de- 
nominations made  distinctions  necessary, 
no  Congregationalist  would  think  of  call- 
ing an  association  of  believers,  covenant- 
ing together  for  the  worship  of  God,  by 
any  other  name  than  a  slaiple  Church  of 
Christ.  The  spirit  in  which  the  early 
Christian  settlement  of  interior  New  York 
was  attempted,  may  be  inferred  from  the 
fact  that  long  before  the  enterprise  of 
modern  missions  to  the  heathen  was  con- 
ceived, a  missionary  from  Massachusetts 
(Rev.  Gideon  Hawley)  had  penetrated 
the  wilderness  of  this  State  for  more  than 
a  hundred  miles  beyond  any  English  set- 
tlement, to  take  up  his  abode  at  Oughyu- 
auga,  near  Binghampton,  now  Wmrhor, 
on  the  Susquehannah,  as  a  missionary  to 
the  Oneidas;  and  that  President  Edwards, 
who  then  resided  at  Stockbridge,  sent  his 
son  Jonathan,  a  lad  of  ten  years,  with  Mr. 
Hawley,  in  order  that  by  early  learning 
the  language  of  the  tribe,  he  might  also  be 
prepared  to  become  a  missionary  to  them. 
Mr.  Hawley  states  that  he  did  not  find 
the  Dutch  Christians  of  Albany  much  in 
favor  of  his  undertaking  to  Christianize 
the  Indians;  since,  "trade  with  the  sav- 
ages was  their  support." 

As  emigration  from  the  East  began  to 
break  the  wilderness  that  stretched  from 
the  Hudson  to  Lake  Erie,  churches  were 
organized  upon  that  simple  model  which 
existed  throughout  New  England.  Where 
the  pioneers  of  New  York  emigration 
were  New  England  Congregationalists, 
the  ecclesiastical  system  of  New  England 
was  established  almost  as  a  matter  of 
course.     This   was   true  of  many  of  the 


older  settlements  of  Eastern  and  Central 
New  York,  where  the  churches  now  ex- 
isting are  either  Presbyterian  or  Congre- 
gational, under  the  plan  of  Union.  The 
churches  of  Clinton  and  Paris  were  organ- 
ized in  1791,  under  the  direction  of  Rev. 
Jonathan  Edwards,  D.D.,  of  New  Haven, 
Ct,  afterwards  President  of  Union  Col- 
lege. New  Hartford,  Saquoit,  Holland 
Patent,  Vernon,  Verona,  Camden,  Tren- 
ton, Cazenovia,  and  many  others,  were 
formed  as  Congregational  churches,  by 
New  England  ministers  and  emigrants, 
and  most  of  them  before  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century.  So  far  back  as  1804, 
an  Association  was  organized  upon  the 
old  military  tract,  embracing  a  central 
tier  of  counties  and  a  large  number  of 
pastors  and  churches.  There  was  also  a 
good  Congregational  Association  in  Sara- 
toga County. 

The  Journal  of  a  missionary  tour 
through  the  Mohawk  and  Black  River 
Counties,  performed  in  1802,  by  Rev. 
John  Taylor,  of  Deerfield,  Ms.,  in  behalf 
of  the  Missionary  Society  of  Hampshire 
County,  brings  to  light  the  following  facts. 

Writing  at  Whitesborough,  he  says, 
"  Most  of  the  churches  in  this  part  of  the 
world  are  on  the  Presbyterian  plan.  The 
Church  at  Clinton,  however,  is  Congrega- 
tional— a  Church  of  240  members — and 
this  people  is  considered  to  be  the  most 
harmonious,  regular  and  pious  of  any  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  State  of  New 
York." 

At  Saugersjield,  was  a  small  Congrega- 
tional Church.  At  Steuhen  one  of  about 
30  members  ;  at  Western,  near  S.,  about 
18  members. 

At  Canulcn,  the  people  were  all  Congre- 
gationalists but  two. 

At  Redfield,  a  Church  of  18  members, 
all  Congregational. 

Another  near  Samhj  Creek. 

At  Champion,  in  No.  4,  another. 

At  Turin,  he  organized  a  Congrega- 
tional Church.  The  professing  Chi'istians 
adopted  a  Confession  of  Covenant ;  and 
upon  their  making  the  confession  of  faith. 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New  York. 


39 


in  public,  and  entering  into  covenant,  Mr. 
Taylor  declared  them  to  be  a  regularly 
organized  Church  of  Jesus  Christ. 

In  Norway,  a  Congregational  Church 
at  the  Royal  grant.  Another,  four  miles 
from  Western. 

In  the  region  of  the  Black  River,  Mr. 
Taylor  seems  to  have  received  no  favora- 
ble impression  of  the  emigrants  iroai  PJiode 
Island,  with  whom  he  was  quartered,  at  a 
place  which  I  shall  not  name.  He  writes, 
"  Here  is  a  mixture  of  all  the  physical 
and  moral  evils  that  can  well  be  con- 
ceived of.  Here  may  be  found  filth  of  all 
kinds ;  such  as  dust,  mud,  fleas,  bed-bugs, 
gnats,  rotten  meat  and  sour  bread ;  and 
as  to  moral  evils,  you  may  here  find 
ignorance,  self-will,  self-sufficiency,  ill- 
manners,  pride,  boasting,  fanatacism,  and 
witchcraft."  But  four  miles  to  the  north- 
east of  this  settlement,  he  found  a  "  de- 
cent, respectable,  industrious  people,  most- 
ly from  Connecticut."  His  religious  sym- 
pathies with  the  Dutch  brethren  were  not 
strong  enough  to  ovei'come  his  distaste  for 
their  cooking.  At  Northampton,  near 
Galway,  he  "  put  up  with  a  Dutch  dea- 
con— had  a  dinner  of  boiled  squash,  swim- 
ming in  butter,  sweetened  a  little;  and 
■with  this  mess,  the  family  mixed  vinegar 
in  great  plenty.  This  is  a  poor  country — 
too  sandy  and  dry — and  the  inhabitants 
may  in  general  be  considered  as  the  fag 
end  of  man."  Of  course  Congregational- 
ism could  not  be  expected  to  flourish  in 
such  a  soil.  The  Journal  of  Mr.  Taylor, 
published  at  large  in  the  Documentary 
History  of  New  York,  will  repay  perusal. 

From  the  evidence  before  us,  it  appears 
tint  wherever  New  England  Congrega- 
tionalists  planted  themselves,  as  first  set- 
tlers in  New  York,  they  established 
churches  according  to  the  platform  of 
their  fathers,  and  the  New  Testament. 

If  we  divide  the  State,  by  a  line  run- 
ning from  Binghampton,  through  Syra- 
cuse, to  Oswego,  we  find,  in  the  eastern 
section,  at  present,  eight  District  Associa- 
tions :  Oneida,  Black  River,  Essex,  St. 
Lawrence,  Albany,  New  York  and  Brook- 


lyn, and  Long  Island  Consociation  ;  and 
Delaware,  newly  organized.  The  oldest 
churches  reported  in  the  minutes,  are 
Pooscpatuc  (1750)  and  Upper  A(|ubogue, 
(175S).  These  both  are  connected  with 
Long  Island  Consociation,  and  In  that 
body  are  six  churches  which  date  from 
the  last  century.  At  least  twice  that 
number  of  churches  upon  that  island, 
originally  Congregational,  have  either  be- 
come extinct  or  have  changed  their  eccle- 
siastical form.  But  in  that  Long  Island 
city,  which  is  now  the  third  city  of  the 
Union  in  population,  and  second  to  none 
in  social  and  literary  culture  and  moral 
wealth,  are  new  sprouts  from  those  long 
burled  roots,  which  shoot  up  with  the  life 
and  vigor  of  two  centuries. 

The  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Associa- 
tion has  within  its  limits  the  oldest  Church 
reported  in  the  Minutes  of  the  General 
A>socIatIon  ;  but  as  this  lies  within  another 
State,  (Chester,  N.  J.)  it  can  hardly  be 
included  in  the  present  survey.  Two 
other  churches  within  its  bounds — Middle- 
town  and  Lumberland — date  from  the 
last  century. 

Albany  Association  has  one  Chui^ch, 
older  than  this  century — that  of  Canaan, 
formed  in  1783.  But  there  were  Con- 
gregational churches  of  as  ancient  date  in 
Saratoga  County,  which  have  become  ex- 
tinct, or  are  enrolled  in  the  catalogue  of 
another  denomination. 

The  St.  Lawrence  Consociation  has  no 
Church  of  an  earlier  date  than  1807,  in 
which  year  the  churches  of  Stockholm 
and  Madrid  were  organized. 

The  oldest  Church  within  the  limits  of 
the  Black  River  Consociation  is  believed 
to  be  that  of  Adams,  formed  in  1804  ;  but 
the  oldest  on  the  records  is  that  of  Rod- 
nian,  (1807)  whose  venerable  pastor.  Rev. 
D.  Spear,  has  lately  celebrated  the  semi- 
centennial anniversary  of  his  settlement. 
At  the  time  of  his  settlement,  1808,  there 
were  seven  Congregational  churches  in 
Jefferson  County,  and  no  Presbyterian 
Church  in  that  region,  east  of  Oneida 
County.     The    Black   River   Association 


40 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  Nctu  YorJc. 


[Jan. 


was  organized  in  1808,  comprising  twelve 
churches.  This  body  had  increased  to 
eighteen  churches,  when,  in  1817,  it  was 
induced  to  unite  with  the  Watertown 
Pi-e.obi/teri/,  and  became  absorbed  in  that 
organization.  After  some  years,  some  of 
the  Congregational  churches  withdrew 
from  tliis  entanglement,  and  re-organized 
in  an  Association  which,  in  1851,  took  the 
name  of  Black  River  Consociation,  and 
now  embraces  fourteen  churches.  The 
minutes  furnish  no  data  as  to  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  churches  within  Essex  Con- 
sociation. Oneida  Association,  whose  own 
existence  dates  from  the  very  beginning 
of  this  century,  reports  five  churches  as 
organized  in  the  last  century.  The  old- 
est of  these  is  Bridgewater,  organized  in 
1 790.  Tiie  Church  in  Clinton  was  formed 
in  17D1.  Westmoreland,  Madison  and 
^Marshall,  Paris  Hill,  Winfield,  and  per- 
haps others,  not  reported,  were  formed 
prior  to  1 800. 

Of  the  130  churches  represented  by 
these  eight  Associations,  about  forty  have 
been  in  existence  for  twenty-five  years 
and  upwards,  and  twenty-five  have  num- 
bered their  half  century. 

These  statistics,  imperfect  as  they  are, 
will  show  that  Congregationalism  in  New 
York  is  not  a  thing  of  yesterday.  Con- 
gregation alists  are  not  innovators  upon 
that  soil,  but  in  very  many  places  had 
the  right  of  pre-emption  and  pre-occupa- 
tion  ;  and  the  roots  of  their  history  strike 
into  the  primitive  forest  of  the  interior, 
and  the  rocky  foundations  of  the  eastern 
shore. 

The  question,  then,  is  worthy  of  study, 
IIow  caine  these  churches,  so  widely 
organized  as  Congregational,  either  to  die 
out  entirely,  or  to  become  absorbed  into 
other  communions  ?  We  have  seen  that 
several  of  these  churches  were  supplanted 
by  an  Ecclesiasticism  foreign  to  the  soil, 
but  forced  upon  the  people  hij  the  civil 
power.  But  while  Ecclesiastical  bigotry, 
in  some  quarters,  has  exterminated  the 
free  and  simple  churches  of  Christ,  organ- 
ized  by  the   sons  of  New  Enghmd,  the 


greater  part  of  those  churches  have  lost 
their  liberties  through  an  inconsiderate 
liberality.  In  their  readiness  to  cooperate 
with  all  who  love  Christ,  in  building  up 
his  kingdom,  they  have  overlooked  the 
distinction  between  practical  cooperation 
and  ecclesiastical  combination.  Through 
an  extreme  Inditference  to  their  own  sim- 
ple form,  for  the  sake  of  the  spirit,  they 
have  lost  the  spirit  in  a  form  of  greater 
stringency.  With  characteristic  disregard 
of  mere  denominational  interests,  Cungre- 
gationalists  had  well-nigh  ceased  to  be  a 
denomination  in  the  State.  For  example, 
in  the  year  1807,  the  Middle  Association, 
lying  between  the  Oneida  and  Ontario 
Associations,  "  in  order  to  facilitate  the 
establishment  of  the  gospel  in  destitute 
settlements,"  entered  into  a  union  with  the 
Synod  of  Albany,  by  which  it  sent  repre- 
sentatives to  the  Synod  who  were  received 
as  members,  while  the  Synod  assumed  a 
qualified  control  over  the  churches.  In 
1808,  the  General  Assembly  approved  of 
this  union,  and  the  very  next  item  in  the 
history  is  that,  in  1810,  the  Middle  Asso- 
ciation, consisting  of  about  twenty  minis- 
ters, was  divided,  by  the  Synod  of  Al- 
bany, into  two  Presbyteries — Cayuga  and 
Onondaga — with  a  view  to  constitute  the 
Synod  of  Geneva.  In  that  same  year,  the 
several  Congregational  Associations  held 
a  Convention,  by  delegates,  to  consult  for 
the  formation  of  a  General  Association  ; 
but  the  attempt  was  defeated  by  the  argu- 
ment that  it  would  interfere  with  the  Plan 
of  Union  with  Presbyterians !  Seven 
Associations  were  represented  in  that 
Convention,  only  two  of  which  are  in  ex- 
istence to-day.  The  rest  have  either  be- 
come extinct,  or  were  long  ago  trans- 
formed Into  Presbyteries.  The  spirit  of 
fusion  postponed,  for  more  than  twenty 
years,  the  organization  of  the  General 
Association.  We  cannot  condemn  that 
spirit ;  but  it  Is  important  to  chronicle  the 
ultimate  effects  of  the  Plan  of  Union. 
One  hundred  and  twenty-four  Congrega- 
tional churches  in  the  State  are  now  con- 
nected with  Presbyteries,  and  reported  in 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New  York. 


41 


the  minutes  of  another  body.  The  mo- 
ment the  Congregational  churches  aban- 
doned their  own  organization  for  a  formal 
union  with  a  particular  denomination, 
they  lost  that  capacity  for  practical  union 
with  ALL  denominations,  wiiich  belongs  to 
their  polity  and  spirit.  The  union  of 
Congregationalism  was  not  like  that  fusion 
of  metals  which  produced  the  Corinthian 
brass,  but  like  the  mixing  of  iron  and 
clay  in  Nebuchadnezzar's  image.  The 
growth  of  Congregationalism  in  the  State 
of  New  York  has  received  a  new  impulse 
within  the  past  twenty  years.  This  is 
especially  true  of  the  eastern  ^lart  of  the 
State.  Twenty-two  of  the  twenty-six 
churches  in  the  Association  of  New  York 
and  Brooklyn,  have  been  formed  since 
1840.  The  organization  of  the  Broadway 
Tabernacle  Church,  and  the  vigorous  and 
liberal  measures  of  the  lamented  David 
Hale,  mark,  in  that  section,  the  beginning 
of  a  new  era.  But  the  formation  of  the 
General  Association  has  done  more  than 
any  other  event  to  give  character,  strength, 
consistency,  unity,  vitality,  increase,  and 
permanence  to  Congregationalism  in  New 
York.  The  Albany  Convention  origi- 
nated upon  the  motion  of  the  writer,  in 
the  General  Association  of  New  York. 
And  that  Convention  only  re-affirmed 
what  the  General  Association  had  already 
declared  touching  the  Plan  of  Union. 

A  few  hints  as  to  the  future,  suggested 
by  the  past,  will  close  this  hasty  sketch. 
The  prosperity  and  increase  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  requires, 

1.  That  in  the  organization  and  admin- 
istration of  churches,  Congregationalism 
should  be  maintained  in  its  purity.  The 
two  essential  features  of  Congregational- 
ism are  the  completeness  and  independence 
of  each  local  Church  in  its  own  order,  its 
worship,  its  officers,  and  its  discipline ; 
and  yet  the  communion  of  particular 
churches  ivith  each  other.,  in  whatever  form 
of  cooperation,  shall  not  interfere  with 
their  entire  independence  in  their  interior 
affairs.     This   last   distinguishes    Conore- 


gationalism  from  strict  Independency. 
Whenever  a  local  Church  concedes  any 
part  of  its  internal  administration  to  a 
body  exterior  to  itself,  it  parts  with  its 
Christian  liberty,  and  ceases  to  be  a  Con- 
gregational Church.  The  installation  of 
a  pastor  over  a  Congregational  Church, 
by  the  authority  of  an  organic  body  of 
another  denomination,  and  the  organic 
connection  of  a  Congregational  Church 
with  an  ecclesiastical  body  exterior  to 
itself,  are  incompatible  with  the  New  Tes- 
tament idea  of  the  completeness  of  each 
local  association  of  believers,  in  covenant 
as  a  Church  of  Christ,  competent  to  man- 
age Its  affairs  as  an  independent  congrega- 
tion. Nearly  all  the  ecclesiastical  embar- 
rassments and  controversies  of  Congrega- 
tlonalists  In  New  York,  have  arisen  from 
the  fact  that  Congregational  churches 
have  incorporated  themselves  with  other 
ecclesiastical  bodies,  or  have  attempted  to 
engraft  upon  themselves  features  of  eccle- 
siastical systems  incongruous  with  the 
simplicity  of  a  local  Church  of  Christ.  If 
we  would  guard  against  such  evils  in  the 
future,  we  must  inculcate  and  maintain 
the  principles  of  our  polity  in  their  Integ- 
rity and  purity.  Our  churches  would  do 
well  to  seek  the  ministration  of  pastors 
who  are  grounded  in  those  principles, 
through  an  inlelligent  and  conscientious 
conviction. 

2.  It  Is  equally  Important  to  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  Congregational  chui'ch- 
es,  that  they  maintain  the  purity  of  doc- 
trine, so  steadfastly  and  earnestly  main- 
tained by  the  Orthodox  Congregational 
churches  of  New  England.  We  believe 
that  our  system  of  individual  responsibility 
for  fiiith,  tends  to  the  truest  conservatism 
in  doctrine.  The  members  of  our  church- 
es are  not  required  to  receive  a  pastor 
upon  the  certificate  or  the  authority  of  an 
ecclesiastical  superior,  but  to  exercise  the 
right  and  duty  enjoined  upon  all  believers, 
by  the  apostle, — "  Believe  not  every 
spirit,  but  try  the  spirits,  whether  they  be 
of  God."  The  doctrinal  basis  of  the  Gen- 
eral Association  of  New  York,  is  Iroad 


42 


Ho2v  Slavery  2ms  aholibhed  in  Massachusetts. 


[Jan. 


and  strong  and  sound.  The  associated 
churches  are  pure,  and  established  in  their 
faith.  They  are  agitated  by  no  novelties 
in  doctrine ;  they  are  infected  with  no 
suspicions  of  heresy.  But  we  cannot 
afford  to  be  indifferent  even  to  details  of 
Christian  doctrine  ;  and  while  we  oppose 
any  attempt  to  coerce  uniformity  in  the 
letter  of  Church  creeds,  we  should  not 
volunteer  to  take  into  our  fellowship 
churches  of  doubtful  faith,  simply  becaiise 
they  have  assumed  the  name  Congrega- 
tional. AVhile,  on  the  one  hand,  we  watch 
against  brethren  "  unawares  brought  in, 
who  would  come  in  privily,  to  spy  out  our 
liberty  which  we  have  in  Christ  Jesus, 
that  they  might  bring  us  into  bondage  ;" 
on  the  other  hand,  we  should  not  suffer  our 
libei'ty  to  be  made  "  the  cloak  of  other  men's 
licentiousness"  of  doctrine  or  practice. 

3.  It  is  essential,  also,  to  their  growth 
and  prosperity,  that  those  churches  shall 
be  in  full  and  manifest  sympathy  ickh  the 
vital  p7-ogress  of  Ch-istianity,  in  the 
amelioration  of  human  sufferings  and 
wrongs,  and  the  elevation  of  mankind  in 
the  knowledge  and  the  love  of  Christ. 
We  should  prove  the  theoretical  superior- 
ity of  our  free  and  spiritual  polity,  by 
demonstrating  its  adaptation  to  the  Chris- 


tian work  of  our  times ;  to  the  influence 
and  the  agency  of  the  Spirit  in  morals, 
and  to  the  reformation  of  social  abuses, 
and  the  removal  of  organic  or  political 
evils,  by  the  untramnieled  force  of  Chris- 
tian truth  and  love — the  living  testimony 
of  living  churches. 

4.  We  should  encourage  the  felloivship 
of  the  churches  by  means  of  conferences 
or  conventions,  and  by  such  acts  of  sym- 
pathy and  love  as  accord  with  the  primi- 
tive communion  of  churches.  A  system  of 
local  conferences,  frequently  bringing 
neighboring  churches  into  visible  com- 
munion ;  the  participation  of  the  stronger 
churches  in  the  trials  and  necessities  of 
the  weaker ;  the  more  thorough  inter- 
penetration  of  the  meetings  of  the  Associa- 
tion with  the  social  and  religious  sympathy 
of  the  churches ;  occasional  tours  of  fel- 
lowship, by  pastors,  among  destitute 
churches  and  districts ;  these,  and  like 
measures  and  acts  of  communion,  will 
bring  our  churches  into  that  conscious- 
ness of  sympathy  in  Christ  which  is  itself 
the  highest  strength.  The  next  quarter 
of  a  century  may  witness,  in  New  York, 
twice  two  hundred  Congregational  church- 
es, flourishing  in  beauty,  and  harmony,  and 
strength. 


A  LESSON  FROM  THE  PAST  : 
HOW  SLAVERY  WAS  ABOLISHED  IN  MASSACHUSETTS. 


BY    KEV.    JOSEPH    S.    CLARK,    D.D. 


Some  who  read  this  caption  will  per- 
haps be  surprised  to  learn,  for  the  first 
time  in  their  lives,  that  Slavery  ever 
existed  in  Massachusetts.  It  is,  however, 
an  undeniable  fact,  that  African  Slavery 
— chattel  Slavery — human  beings  ex- 
changed for  dollars  and  cents,  to  be 
owned,  worked,  and  sold  or  bequeathed, 
was  one  of  the  domestic  institutions  of  the 
Old  Bay  State  for  more  than  a  hundred 
years.  Even  the  slave-trade,  now  brand- 
ed as  piracy,  was  not  only  carried  on 
.briskly,  by  Boston  capital,  as  a  lucrative 


investment,  but  at  Boston  itself,  as  a  slave- 
mart. 

In  order  to  understand  the  process 
through  which  Slaver}',  in  Massachusetts, 
became  extinct,  let  us  first  see  how,  and 
to  what  extent,  it  got  established. 

Under  date  of  2Gth  of  February,  1638, 
Winthrop's  Journal  (vol.  i.,  251,)  has  the 
following  entry  : — "  Mr.  Peirce,  in  the 
Salem  ship,  the  Desire,  returned  from  the 
West  Indies,  after  seven  months.  He 
had  been  at  Providence  Isle,  and  brought 
some   cotton,   and  tobacco  and  negroes" 


I860.]         How  Slavery  was  abolished  in  3Iassac/msetts. 


43 


&c.  This  is  the  earliest  notice  we  have 
of  negroes  in  New  England.  They  appear 
to  have  been  received  in  exchange  for 
Pequod  captives,  "  fifteen  boys  and  two 
women,"  which  the  same  Journal  informs 
us  (p.  234,)  were  sent  to  Bermuda  in  the 
preceding  July,  with  this  Capt.  Peirce. 
The  unavoidable  conclusion  is,  that  they 
were  slaves.  How  many  there  were,  and 
what  became  of  them,  neither  Winthrop 
nor  any  one  else  has  informed  us  ;  though 
it  is  made  pretty  certain,  from  a  revolting 
story  told  by  Josselyn,  that  Mr.  Samuel 
Maverick,  the  owner  and  sole  occupant 
of  Noddle's  Island,  (East  Boston,)  had 
several  of  them  in  his  possession  the  year 
after  their  arrival. 

To  one  just  entering  upon  an  investi- 
gation of  the  subject,  it  appears  passing 
strange  that  Slavery  should  have  made 
any  progress,  or  even  have  got  a  foot- 
hold, on  New  England  soil,  when  public 
sentiment  and  legislation  both  seemed  to 
be  so  sternly  arrayed  against  it.  In  the 
first  code  of  laws  here  promulgated,  "  The 
Body  of  Liberties,"  drawn  up  by  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Ward,  and  adopted  by  the 
Massachusetts  Colony  in  1641,  is  the  fol- 
lowing:— "  There  shall  never  be  any  bond 
slaverie,  villinage  or  captivate,  amongst 
us,  unless  it  be  lawful!  captives  taken  in 
just  warres,  and  such  strangers  as  willing- 
ly selle  themselves,  or  are  sold  to  us. 
And  these  shall  have  all  the  liberties  and 
Christian  usages  which  the  law  of  God, 
established  in  Israeli  concerning  such  per- 
sons, doeth  morally  require."  And  when, 
in  1G45,  a  Mr.  Williams  was  reported  to 
the  Legislature  as  owning  a  slave,  "  un- 
lawfully taken  "  from  the  coast  of  Africa 
by  Capt.  Smyth,  he  was  ordered  to  set 
him  free,  and  provision  was  made  to  have 
him  "  sent  to  his  native  country  of  Ginny, 
and  a  letter  with  him  of  the  indignation 
of  the  Court  thereabouts."  [Mass.  Ct.  Rec. 
vol.  ii.,  p.  136.] 

But  notwithstanding  this  repugnance  to 
Slavery,  it  will  be  found,  on  closer  exam- 
ination, that  it  was  not  so  much  slave- 
holding,    as    slave-getting,   that  •  the    law 


looked  to,  and  that  public  sentiment  was 
concerned  about.  The  article  already 
quoted  from  the  "  Body  of  Liberties,"  it 
will  be  perceived,  did  not  forbid  the 
"  bond  slaverie "  of  such  as  "  willingly 
selle  themselves,  or  a?-e  sold  to  us  ;"  which 
amounts  to  little  more  than  a  law  against 
kidnapping.  And  the  reason  why  Mr.  Wil- 
liams' slave  must  be  sent  back  to  Guinea, 
was,  that  he  had  been  "  unlawfully  taken." 
The  case,  as  set  forth  in  the  complaint  of 
Richard  Saltonstall,  who  brought  it  before 
the  Legislature,  was  that  of  "  stealing 
negers."  It  appeared  in  evidence,  more- 
over, that  in  stealing  those  "  negers,"  a 
village  was  burnt,  and  some  of  its  inhab- 
itants, to  whom  they  "  gave  chace,"  were 
killed.  In  view  of  all  these  circumstances, 
"  The  General  Court " — so  the  record 
runs — "  conceiving  themselves  bound  by 
the  first  opportunity  to  bear  witness  against 
the  heinous  and  crying  sin  of  man-steal- 
ing— as  also  to  prescribe  such  timely  re- 
dress for  what  is  past,  and  such  a  law  for 
the  future  as  may  sufficiently  deter  all 
others  belonging  to  us  to  have  to  do  in 
such  vile  and  most  odious  courses,  justly 
abhorred  of  all  good  and  just  men,  do 
order,"  &c.     [Id.  p.  168.] 

It  seems  likely,  therefore,  that  the 
slaves  which  found  their  way  into  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  earlier  stages  of  her  slave- 
holding  history,  came  mostly  from  other 
colonies,  and  the  West  Indies,  just  as  their 
"  cotton  and  tobacco  "  did,  by  fair  pur- 
chase. Indeed,  we  have  the  explicit  tes- 
timony of  Gov.  Bradstreet,  so  late  as  1680, 
in  a  letter  to  the  "  Lords  of  his  Magistie's 
privy  councell,"  that  "  there  hath  been 
no  company  of  blacks  or  slaves  brought 
into  the  country  since  the  beginning  of 
this  plantation,  for  the  space  of  fifty  years, 
only  one  small  vessel,  about  two  years 
since,  after  twenty  months'  voyage  to 
Madagascar,  brought  hither  betwixt  forty 
and  fifty  negroes,  most  women  and  chil- 
dren." In  the  same  letter,  he  gives  the 
whole  number  of  slaves  in  the  Colony  as 
"  about  one  hundred,  or  one  hundred  and 
twenty," — worth    "  about  twenty  pounds 


44 


Hotv  Slavery  was  abolished  in  3Iassachiisetts. 


[Jan. 


apiece."  Edward  Randolph,  four  years 
earlier,  places  the  number  at  two  hun- 
dred. From  that  time,  slaves  gradually 
increased,  both  in  number  and  value,  till 
just  before  the  Revolutionary  war  they 
had  reached  nearly  five  thousand,  and 
sold  for  £45  to  £80  apiece.  (Collec- 
tions Am.  Statistical  Association,  pp. 
200-211.)^  The  slave-trade  also  was 
conducted  on  a  larger  scale,  and  in  a 
more  open  way.  In  1762,  "a  Rhode 
Island  schooner  arrived  from  the  coast  of 
Africa,  and  left  there  six  other  vessels 
from  the  same  province,  five  with  slaves, 
and  another  just  got  into  port."  (Id. 
204.)  Among  the  manuscript  documents 
in  the  Congregational  Library,  is  a 
sermon  preached  on  occasion  of  the 
"Continental  Fast,"  May  17,  1776,  by 
Rev.  Ebenezer  Chaplin,  of  Millbury, 
(then  the  second  parish  of  Sutton,)  in 
which  is  found  the  following  graphic  pic- 
ture of  that  abominable  trade,  as  carried 
on  in  Boston :  "  AVhat  shall  we  say, 
then  ?  Is  not  God  in  righteous  judgment 
picturing  out  to  us  our  own  doings,  in 
the  Slavery  he  has  been  threatening  us 
with  ? — In  the  bloodshed,  in  the  slaughter, 
in  the  devastation  he  has  brought  upon 
us  ?  Could  Boston  but  cast  her  eyes  back 
but  a  little  way,  but  a  few  years,  and  see 
her  public  market,  with  the  sight,  shock- 
ing to  humanity, — cargoes  of  slaves  there 
exposed  for  sale  like  beasts,  like  old 
horses — the  chapmen  viewing  them,  exam- 
ining their  mouths  to  see  their  age  by 
their  teeth,  and  to  jiurchase  or  reject,  as 
their   humor   might   lead   them,   the  un- 

1  Those  who  ascribe  our  exemption  from  Slavery  in 
New  England,  to  climate,  soil,  and  industrial  pur- 
suits, forget  that  we  had  the  same  climate,  soil,  and 
industrial  pursuits  when  the  institution  was  striking 
its  roots  deeper  and  deeper  every  year,  and  threat- 
ening to  become  as  firm  a  fixture  among  us  as 
in  any  other  section  of  the  land.  Would  it  be  an 
unprofitable  business  now?  It  wa.s  equally  so  then, 
and  was  so  demonstrated  by  writers  on  political 
economy,  and  conceded  by  slave-holders  themselves, 
both  North  and  South ;  yet  Slavery  was  all  the  while 
increasing.  And  no  doubt  it  would  have  continued 
to  increase  in  Massachusetts,  had  it  not  been  for 
another  and  entirely  different  cause,  as  we  shall  have 
occasion  to  notice  in  the  sequel. 


happy  merchandize,  like  the  merchandize 
of  Antichrist,  viz.,  the  souls  and  bodies  of 
men — these  unhappy  creatures,  standing 
as  criminals  condemned  to  death  ; — could 
Boston,  I  say,  reflect  upon  this,  she  could 
not  say  with  Adoni-Bezek,  (Judges  i :  7,) 
when  his  thumbs  and  great  toes  were  cut 
off,  "  As  I  have  done,  so  God  hath  re- 
quited me  ;"  for  all  that  she  has  suffered  is 
unspeakably  short  of  the  cruelty  and  in- 
justice of  the  slave-trade.  ^ 

Such  was  Slavery,  once,  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  such  the  slave-trade  in  her  cap- 
ital. By  directing  the  attention  of  his 
hearers  "  back  a  few  years,"  to  find  this 
spectacle,  he  leaves  us  to  infer  that  its 
darkest  days  were  past ;  that  the  worst 
features  of  the  system  had  softened,  some- 
what. This  was  undoubtedly  true,  as  we 
learn  from  various  sources.  Among  the 
earliest  indications  of  an  effective  public 
sentiment   arrayed  against  the  institution, 

-  From  files  of  old  newspapers  ("  The  Boston 
Weekly  News-Letter,"  "The  Boston  Post-Boy  and 
Advertiser,"  "  The  Boston  Gazettte,"  and  "  The  Bos- 
ton Evening  Post,"  printed  1730-70,)  which  are  pre- 
served among  the  same  Collections,  may  be  gathered 
any  quantity  of  advertisements  like  tlie  following  : — 
"  To  BE  Sold,  a  very  likely,  lusty  Negro  Man,  about 
22  years  of  age,  lately  imported  from  Guinea." 

"  To  BE  Sold,  a  likely  womau,  about  30  years  of 
age,  that  can  do  all  manner  of  household  work ;  has 
had  the  small-pox,  and  speaks  good  English." 

"A  parcel  of  lilcely  Negroes  jast,  imported,  to  be 
sold  by  Charles  Apthorp." 

"Just  imported  from  Africa,  and  to  be  sold  on 
board  the  Brig  Jenny,  William  EUery,  Commander, 
now  lying  at  New  Boston,  a  number  of  likely  Negro 
Boys  and  Girls,  from  12  to  24  years  of  age  :  Inquire 
of  said  EUery,  on  board  said  Brig,  where  constant 
attention  is  given. 

Note.  The  above  slaves  have  all  had  the  small- 
pox. Treasurer's  Notes  and  New  England  Rum  will 
be  [taken]  as  pay." 

The  usual  notices  of  "  Runaways,"  as  now  seen  in 
a  New  Orleans  or  Richmond  paper,  are  intermixed 
with  the  advertisements  of  sale  in  these  Boston  pa- 
pers. As  a  specimen,  take  this: — "Run  away  from 
his  Master,  Jlr.  John  Ameil,  last  Thursday  night,  a 
Negro  fellow,  named  Piere  ;  he  hud  on,  when  he 
went  away,  a  cloth  coloured  coat,  lined  and  trimmed 
red,  a  black  broadcloth  waistcoat,  without  sieves, 
and  a  pair  of  yellow  leather  breeches,  a  large  pair  of 
silver  buckles,  and  a  good  beaver  hat.  lie  is  a  thick 
fellow,  with  large  legs  and  feet,  and  speaks  good  Eng- 
lish and  French.  Whoever  will  take  him  up,  and 
return  said  Negro,  shall  have  two  dollaks'  reward, 
and  all  necessiry  charges  paid." 


I860.]         Hoiv  Slavery  2ms  abolished  in  Massachusetts. 


45 


is  the  following  record  of  a  Boston  "  town- 
meeting,"  held  in  1701: — "The  Repre- 
sentatives are  desired  to  promote  the 
encouraging  of  bringing  white  servants, 
and  to  put  a  period  to  negroes  being 
slaves."  In  1705  a  law  was  passed  im- 
posing a  duty  of  £4  on  every  slave  im- 
ported into  the  province, — with  evident 
reference  to  such  instructions  as  the  fore- 
going. In  1710,  the  venerable  Chief  Jus- 
tice Sewall  prepared  and  published  a 
searching  pamphlet'  against  Slavery,  enti- 
tled "  The  Selling  of  Joseph ;"  and  in 
1716,  he  says,  in  his  diary,  "  I  essayed  to 
prevent  negroes  and  Indians  being  rated 
with  horses  and  cattle,  but  could  not  suc- 
ceed." He,  and  one  Elihu  Coleman,  of 
Nantucket,  who  published  an  anti-slavery 
tract,  a  few  years  later,  appear  to  have 
been  the  first  in  Massachusetts  to  employ 
the  press  as  a  weapon  in  that  warfare  ; 
and,  in  fact,  the  only  ones  to  do  it  till 
about  1765,  when  the  subject  began  to  be 
warmly  agitated,  in  connection  with  the 
oppressions  which  the  oioners  of  these 
slaves  were  beginning  to  suffer  from  tlieir 
masters,  over  the  water. 

A  bill  to  abolish  the  slave-trade  was 
brought  into  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  1767,  but  in  passing  through  the 
other  branch  of  the  legislature,  it  became 
"  an  act  to  lay  an  impost  on  negroes 
imported," — just  what  they  had  been  do- 
ing about  sixty  years  past.  The  House 
indignantly  refused  to  concur  in  such  a 
nullifying  amendment,  and  the  whole  pro- 
ject was  dropped.  The  next  thing  that 
we  have,  is  "  An  earnest  Address  to  my 
Country  on  Slavery,"  from  the  Rev.  Sam- 
uel Webster,  D.D.,  of  Salisbury,  printed 
in  1769,  wherein  the  writer  piquantly 
remarks  : — "  Let  a  man  love  Ids  neiyhbor 
as  himself,  and  do  as  he  loould  he  done  by, 
and  if  he  makes  a  slave  upon  this  plan,  I 
will  venture  to  be  his  slave  forever.  I 
fear,  I  greatly  fear,  that  it  is  want  of  hon- 
esty, more  than  want  of  light,  which  con- 
tinues it  in  the  woi'ld."  The  subject  got  a 
considerable  impulse,  in  the  right  direc- 
tion, from  the  celebrated  decision  which 


Granville  Sharp  obtained,  in  the  trial  of 
the  negro  Somersett,  that  the  moment  a 
slave  touches  the  soil  of  England,  he  is 
free.  This  clear  verdict,  coming  out  in 
1772,  was  published  and  extensively  cir- 
culated in  New  England,  and  silently 
approved,  even  by  those  who  could  not 
carry  it  into  immediate  practice.  Anoth- 
er bill  to  abolish  the  slave-trade  passed 
both  branches  of  the  legislature  in  1774; 
but  Governor  Hutchinson  received  orders 
from  the  Crown  not  to  sign  it.  His  suc- 
cessor. General  Gage,  was  put  under  sim- 
ilar restraint.  This  only  gave  intenser 
heat  to  the  fire  of  freedom,  already 
blazing  to  heaven,  and  in  the  Provincial 
Congress,  which  assembled  the  same  year 
at  Cambridge,  after  the  Governor  had 
dissolved  the  refractory  General  Court,  a 
protest  against  Slavery  was  introduced, 
recommending,  "  that,  while  we  are  at- 
tempting to  free  ourselves  from  our  pres- 
ent embarrassments,  .and  preserve  our- 
selves from  Slavery,  we  also  take  into 
consideration  the  state  and  circumstances 
of  the  negro  slaves  in  this  province." 

The  glaring  inconsistency  of  rushing 
into  a  death-struggle  to  preserve  them- 
selves from  Slavery,  while  they  were  hold- 
ing others  as  slaves,  was  the  key-note  of 
every  sermon,  speech,  or  address,  on  the 
subject,  in  Massachusetts, — of  which  a 
vast  number  were  delivered  in  the  course 
of  that  struggle  ;  as  also  the  clear  percep- 
tion of  such  inconsistency  was  the  cause 
of  bringing  the  public  mind  and  heart  and 
conscience  to  abolish  the  system.  The 
following  specimens  are  taken  from  docu- 
ments nearest  at  hand. 

There  lies  before  me  a  tattered  and 
tawny  pamphlet  of  thirty  pages,  entitled, 
"  An  Address  to  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
British  Settlements  in  America  upon 
Slave-Keeping,"  with  the  manuscript 
name  of  "  Benjamin  Rush,"  inserted 
by  somebody,  as  the  writer,  and  reprinted 
at  Boston,  in  1773,  which,  after  an  ex- 
ceedingly clear  and  convincing  train  of 
argument  against  Slavery,  as  a  system, 
thus  ajipeals  to  the  leaders  of  the  Revolu- 


46 


How  Slavery  was  aloUshed  in  Massachusetts. 


[Jan. 


tion  : — "  Ye  Advocates  of  American 
Liberty,  rouse  up  and  espouse  the  cause 
of  Humanity  and  general  Liberty.  Bear 
testimony  against  this  vice.  The  plant  of 
liberty  is  of  so  tender  a  nature,  that  it 
cannot  thrive  long  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Slavery.  Remember  the  eyes  of  all  Eu- 
rope are  fixed  upon  you,  to  preserve  an 
asylum  for  freedom  in  this  country,  after 
the  last  pillars  of  it  are  fallen  in  every 
other  quarter  of  the  globe."  ^ 

Coffin's  History  of  Newbury  has  por- 
tions of  two  essays  from  Deacon  Benja- 
min Colman,  of  that  town,  published  in 
the  Essex  Journal,  of  1774,  in  which  the 
writer  says  : — "  Shall  we,  my  fathers  and 
brethren,  or  can  Ave,  lift  up  our  faces  with 
confidence  before  God,  by  solemn  prayer, 
that  he  would  remove  the  yoke  of  bond- 
age from  us,  and  set  us  at  liberty  from  the 
bondage  that  lays  upon  us,  while  we  keep 
a  ten-fold  heavier  yoke  on  the  necks  of 
our  brethren,  the  negroes  ?  I  confess  I 
blush,  when  I  hear  of  a  proposal  for  a 
provincial  fast,  (although  I  am  as  desirous 
of  it  as  others,)  when  I  read  the  58th 
chapter  of  Isaiah." — "  I  beg  leave  to  say 
that  the  calamitous,  distressed  circum- 
stances we  are  in  at  this  day,  in  my  ap- 
prehension, do  bear  such  a  resemblance 
with  our  notorious  crime,  that  he  that 
runs  may  read  ;  I  mean  the  oppression  of 
our  brethren,  the  negroes  ;  a  crime  so  un- 
scriptural  and  unreasonable  that  I  should 
be  ready  to  think  that  every  rational  per- 
son, and  especially  every  Christian  Ameri- 
can, would  detest  the  thought  of  keeping 
their  brethren  in  bondage ;  especially 
when  they  themselves  are  struggling  for 
liberty,  and  deliverance  from  oppression 
brought  upon  them  by  their  brethren." 

A  sermon  preached  June  5th,  1774,  at 
the  North  Church,  Newburyport,  by  Rev. 
Nathaniel   Niles,   deals  in   the   following 

1  The  same  writer,  in  another  part  of  the  address, 
borrows  a  shaft  of  ridicule  from  Montesquieu's  Spirit 
of  Laws,  by  quoting  his  ironical  worJs,  that,  "  It  is 
impossible  for  us  to  suppose  these  creatures  [the 
negroes]  to  be  men  ;  because,  allowing  them  to  be 
men,  a  suspicion  would  follow,  that  we  ourselves  are 
not  Christians.'''' 


sharp  interrogatories: — "What  excuse 
can  we  make  for  our  conduct  ?  What 
reason  can  we  urge  why  our  oppression 
shall  not  be  returned  in  kind  ?  Should  the 
Africans  see  God  Almighty  subjecting  us 
to  all  the  evils  we  have  brought  on  them, 
and  should  they  cry  to  us,  '  O  daughter 
of  America,  who  art  to  be  destroyed,  hap- 
py shall  he  be  that  rewardeth  thee  as  thou 
hast  served  us ;  happy  shall  he  be  that 
taketh  and  dasheth  thy  little  ones  against 
the  stones  ;'  how  could  we  object  ?  How 
could  we  resent  It  ?  Would  we  enjoy 
liberty  ?  Then  we  must  grant  it  to  oth- 
ers. For  shame,  let  us  either  cease  to 
enslave  our  fellow-men,  or  else  let  us 
cease  to  complain  of  those  who  would 
enslave  us." 

The  manuscript  sermon  of  Mr.  Chap- 
lin, which  has  already  supplied  us  with  a 
description  of  the  Boston  slave-market.  Is 
mainly  devoted  to  a  comparison  of  Afri- 
can Slavery  with  British  tyranny,  wherein 
the  former  is  made  to  appear  far  the  most 
oppressive  of  the  two.  After  depicting 
scenes  of  injustice  and  cruelty  In  the  con- 
duct of  the  mother  country  towards  her 
colonies  here,  the  preacher  goes  on  to 
say: — "Whether  these  things  have  not 
justly  befallen  unto  us  to  set  before  us 
what  is  in  our  own  hearts  and  conduct.  Is 
worthy  of  serious  consideration.  Who- 
ever duly  considers,  will  find  that  the 
sa,me  or  a  worse  tragical  scene  of  evil  and 
horrid  wickedness  has  been  acting  in  this 
country,  toward  the  Africans,  for  more 
than  a  hundred  years  past.  I  say  toorse, 
because  In  the  scheme  and  manner  in 
which  we  were  to  have  been  enslaved,  we 
were  to  be  allowed  to  live  In  our  own 
native  land,  and  in  our  families  ;  so  far  to 
enjoy  the  comforts  of  frlendshij)  as  they 
can  be  enjoyed  In  a  state  of  Slavery. 
But  when  we  consider  the  Slavery  of  the 
Africans,  we  shall  find  that  they  have  not 
been  allowed  so  much  as  this. 

"  We  complain  of  the  gross  injustice  of 
Great  Britain,  that  they  should  thus  mo- 
lest us  and  endeavor  to  rob  us  of  our 
rights ;  to  take  away  our  property,  and  to 


I860.]         Hoiv  Slavery  tvas  abolished  in  Massachusetts. 


47 


enslave  us,  when  we  have  never  done  any- 
thing against  them.  And  what  have  the 
Africans  done  against  us,  against  the  in- 
habitants of  these  colonies,  and  the  islands, 
that  makes  it  just  for  us  to  enslave  them  ? 
Why,  say  some,  they  sell  one  another  to 
our  traders  !  and  it  can  be  no  harm  for  us 
to  buy  the  poor  slaves  of  them !  We 
don't  argue  so  with  respect  to  ourselves. 
It  is  universally  looked  upon  and  com- 
plained of  as  an  aggravation,  that  there 
are  any  among  us  so  bad  as  to  sell  their 
country,  their  neighbors,  and  all  the  rights 
of  mankind,  for  a  little  lucre  of  money  or 
honor.  Tories,  traitors,  parricides,  Hutch- 
inson and  Ruggles,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.,  have  long 
rung  in  our  ears,  from  public  prints  and 
from  almost  every  mouth,  as  most  horrid 
creatures.  Is  it  any  more  right,  or  just, 
or  equal,  that  there  should  be  tories,  trai- 
tors, parricides,  Hutchinsons,  &c.,  among 
negroes  than  among  lis  ?  in  Africa  than  in 
America  ?  Is  not  justice  the  same  through- 
out the  universe  ?  Is  not  humanity,  nay, 
is  not  cruelty,  the  same  everywhere  ? 

"  Every  negro  in  Africa  that  has  the 
lead  in  collecting  slaves  for  a  Guinea 
trade,  is  a  tory,  a  traitor,  a  parricide,  a 
worse  than  Hutchinson  ;  and  all  that  as- 
sist him  in  trapaning,  seducing,  stealing, 
or  conquering  any  slaves  for  sale,  are  the 
understrapping  tories  which  are  so  much 
despised  and  contemned ;  and  every  trader 
that  goes  there,  either  to  catch  for  them- 
selves, or  purchase  slaves  of  these  tories, 
is  a  Gage,  a  Howe,  a  Tryon,  a  Martain,  a 
Carlton  ;  and  every  purchaser  of  slaves 
here,  acts  the  part  of  a  Lord  North,  a 
Bute,  a  Granville  in  the  scene  ;  and  every 
General  Assembly  that  upholds  and  coun- 
tenances this  slave-trade,  acts  the  part  of 
the  British  Parliament  in  their  upholding 
the  present  managements  of  the  ministry 
against  us." 

After  drawing  the  horrid  picture  of  a 
slave  hunt  on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  under- 
taken by  "  the  tories,  the  traitors,  the 
worse  than  Hutchinsons  of  Africa,"  in- 
stigated and  set  on  by  "  the  Gages  and 
Tryons  of  America,"  wherein  blazing  vil- 


lages and  fleeing  innocents  make  up  the 
back-ground,  pointing  to  the  scene,  he 
exclaims,  "  See  some  faint  resemblance  of 
this  in  Bunker  Hill  fight ;  and  in  Charles- 
town,  Falmouth  and  Norfolk  flames." 
Much  more  of  the  same  kind,  in  fact, 
nearly  the  whole  sermon  might  be  quoted 
to  illustrate  this  style  of  presenting  the 
subject  —  a  style  which,  in  the  existing 
circumstances,  fastened  the  nail  of  con- 
viction in  a  sure  place,  and  clenched  it 
on  the  other  side. 

Whatever  moral  and  religious  aspects 
the  subject  of  Slavery  assumed  in  the 
view  of  philanthropists  and  politicians  — 
and  we  know  that  such  aspects  came  be- 
fore some  minds  of  that  day  with  a  terri- 
fic clearness  — the  prevailing  anti-slavery 
argument  Avith  the  million  was  what  logi- 
cians call  the  argumentum  ad  hominem; 
the  pungent  appeal  that  Slavery  made  to 
their  sense  of  consistency.  The  advocates 
of  Slavery  could  point  to  honorable  pre- 
cedents, both  ancient  and  modern  ;  they 
could  quote  scripture  in  behalf  of  the 
system ;  they  could  withstand  vollies  and 
broadsides  of  mere  logic ;  but  when  it 
came  to  the  simple  c[uestion  of  doing  to 
others  as  they  would  that  others  should  do 
to  them,  viz.  allowing  their  slaves  the  pos- 
session of  "  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of 
happiness,"  which,  with  a  death  grasp, 
they  were  extorting  from  their  British 
oppressors,  they  were  silenced,  subdued, 
convinced. 

The  growth  of  such  convictions  would 
naturally  be  marked  by  a  corresponding 
course  of  legislation,  now  that  the  re- 
straints of  Parliament  and  royal  Gover- 
nors were  thrown  off".  A  few  weeks  after 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was 
made,  a  resolve  passed  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives  in  these  words: 
"  Whereas  this  house  is  credibly  informed 
that  two  negro  men,  lately  brought  into 
this  State  as  prisoners  taken  on  the  high 
seas,  are  advertised  to  be  sold  at  Salem 
the  17th  inst.  by  public  auction,  Resolved, 
that  the  selling  and  enslaving  the  human 
species  is  a  direct  violation  of  the  natural 


48 


Hoiv  Slavery  ivas  abolished  in  Massachusetts. 


[Jan. 


rights  alike  vested  in  all  men  by  their 
Creator,  and  utterly  inconsistent  with  the 
avowed  principles  on  Avhich  this  and  the 
other  United  States  have  carried  their 
struggle  for  liberty,  even  to  the  last  ap- 
peal, and  therefore  that  all  persons  con- 
cerned with  the  said  negroes  be,  and  they 
hereby  are  forbidden  to  sell  them  or  in 
any  manner  treat  them  otherwise  than  is 
already  ordered  for  the  treatment  of  pris- 
oners of  war  taken  in  the  same  vessel,  or 
others  in  the  like  employ,  and  if  any  sale 
of  the  said  negroes  shall  be  made,  it  here- 
by is  declared  null  and  void."  When  this 
Resolve  came  before  the  other  branch  of 
the  Legislature,  it  was  modified  by  strik- 
ing out  what  relates  to  the  inconsistency 
of  slave-holding  with  the  principles  on 
which  Massachusetts  and  all  the  other 
States  were  struggling  for  liberty.  On 
its  return,  the  house  strenuously  refused 
to  concur  in  this  amendment.  After  go- 
ing back  and  forth  several  times,  in  as 
many  different  forms,  a  draft  was  at  length 
made  in  which  both  branches  were  able 
to  concur,  without  a  surrender  of  the 
great  anti-slavery  principle  which  the 
original  Resolve  was  intended  to  pro- 
claim. 

It  was  during  this  memorable  year, 
1776,  that  the  public  sentiment  of  Mas- 
sachusetts virtually  emancipated  her 
slaves  ;  for  although  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  four  years  later  may,  strict- 
ly speaking,  be  regarded  as  the  turning 
point  in  that  momentous  transition  from  a 
Slave  to  a  Free  State,  yet  the  solemn  dec- 
laration by  Congress,  as  of"  a  self-evident 
truth,  that  all  men  are  born  equal,"  en- 
forced, as  It  was,  by  the  above  named  act 
of  State  legislation,  was  generally  under- 
stood here  to  include  Africans  also.  This 
being  the  understanding  of  the  slaves  and 
their  masters  both,  there  was  no  insurrec- 
tion, and  no  thought  of  any.  "  Some  took 
their  freedom  and  were  not  compelled  lo 
return.  Others  asked  for  it  and  were 
not  denied.     Some  towns  voted  that  no 


bondage  should  exist  among  them."  (Coll. 
Am.  Statistical  Association,  vol.  1,  20G.) 
Meanwhile  the  Bill  of  Rights,  prefixed  to 
the  State  Constitution,  improving  upon 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  an- 
nounced that  "  all  men  are  free  and 
equal."  Whether  this  announcement 
was  made  with  particular  reference  to  the 
extinction  of  Slavery,  or  only  a  strongly 
expressed  article  of  their  political  creed, 
the  result  would  not  be  essentially  differ- 
ent. John  Adams,  who  drew  that  Bill  of 
Rights,  was  well  aware  what  kind  of 
preaching  the  people  heard  on  the  sub- 
ject ;  what  sentiments  they  held ;  how 
absurd  they  viewed  it  to  be  fighting  for 
freedom  with  one  hand,  and  holding  men 
in  fetters  with  the  other.  He  was  himself 
a  man  of  consistent  logic,  and  must  have 
seen  that  such  a  clause,  whether  so  intend- 
ed or  not,  would  be  equivalent  to  a  decree 
of  emancipation.  Such  was  its  effect. 
Immediately  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  in  1 780,  the  shackles  of  Sla- 
very fell,  as  if  touched  by  a  magic  wand. 
Very  few  had  the  effrontery  even  to 
question  the  negro's  right  to  a  share  in 
that  liberty,  which,  by  their  united  prow- 
ess, had  been  wrung  from  British  tyrants, 
as  the  inalienable  birthright  of  all.  And 
those  few  were  not  long  In  learning  that 
their  pretensions,  when  weighed  in  the 
balance,  were  found  wanting.  Several 
cases  were  tried  In  the  courts,  and  all 
with  the  same  results.  The  last  was  an 
Indictment  brought,  In  1781,  by  a  slave  < 
In  Worcester  county  against  his  master 
for  assault  and  battery.^  It  was  two  years 
before  It  came  to  a  final  decision,  and  then 
It  went  against  the  master.  This  ended 
the  conflict ;  Slavery  in  Massachusetts 
was  dead  —  and  it  died,  apparently,  of  a 
natural  and  incurable  repugnance  to  the 
Spirit  of  '76. 

1  See  a  full  uccomit  of  this  trial  in  a  deeply  iutei- 
esling  paper  furni.-ilieii  by  lion.  Emory  Washburn  of 
Cambridge,  in  the  last  volume  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society's  Collections. 


I860.] 


Confessions  of  a  Tobacco  Chewcr. 


49 


CONFESSIONS  OF  A  TOBACCO  CHEWER. 


-,    D.D. 


TMy  father  chewed  tobacco.  I\Iy  mother 
smoked.  Three  ehler  brothers  did  both. 
A  widowed  aunt,  who  spent  much  of  her 
time  in  our  family,  when  I  was  a  child, 
took  snuff.  Is  it  strange  that  I  should 
have  done  one  or  the  other  ?  These  an- 
tecedents  and  surroundings,   if  they  do 

not  exculpate,  I  hope  will  excuse 

What  am  I  saying  ?  I  sat  down  to  write 
confessions,  and  here  I  am  framing  excu- 
ses !  This  propensity  to  apologize  for  the 
use  of  tobacco ; 

"  The  .<truggling  pangs  of  conscious  guilt  to  hide," 

to  "  cover  my  transgression,  like  Adam," 
—  so  common  to  transgressors  of  every 
sort, — it  was  my  intention  to  call  up  at  a 
later  stage.  But  having  thus  thrust  itself 
uncalled  into  notice  at  the  very  outset,  let 
it  take  the  place  of  Confession  No.  One. 

My  first  remembered  taste  of  tobacco 
was  on  a  Sabbath  day,  when,  at  the  age 
of  seven  years,  I  was  left  in  charge  of  a 
younger  sister,  while  the  rest  of  the  family 
had  "  gone  to  meeting."  To  relieve  the 
dreadful  tedium,  rather  than  for  any  de- 
votional purpose,  I  opened  the  Massachu- 
setts Missionary  Magazine,  for  August, 
1807,  with  leaves  freshly  cut,  which  moth- 
er had  been  reading  that  morning,  and 
my  attention  was  attracted  to  a  specimen 
of  poetry  entitled,  "  Smoking  Spirit- 
ualized," put  together  in  oddly  shaped 
verses,  with  the  refrain,  "  Thus  think  and 
smoke  tobacco"  coming  in  at  the  end  of 
each  stanza. 

On  looking  back  to  the  now  old  Vol. 
V.  of  that  periodical,  on  pp.  117-18, 
where  all  the  verses  stand  just  as  they 
stood  before  my  childhood's  eye,  the 
whole  scene  is  brought  so  atlectingly  to 
view,  that  I  must  beg  leave  to  pause  in 
my  confessions,  long  enough  to  give  them 
a  re-perusal.  The  reader  is  at  full  lib- 
erty to  skip  this  episode,  as  it  cannot  have 
VOL.  II.  5 


the  same   interest    with   him  that  it  has 
with  me. 

SMOKING  SPIRITUALIZED. 

IN   TWO  PARTS. 
PART  I. 
This  Indian  weed  now  withered  quite, 
Though  green  at  noon,  cut  down  at  night, 
Shows  thy  decay  ; 
All  tlesh  is  hay. 
Thus  think  and  smoke  tobacco  ! 
The  pipe,  so  lily-like  and  weak, 
Does  thus  thy  mortal  state  bespeak, 
Thou  art  ev'n  such, 
Gone  with  a  touch. 
Thus  think  and  smoke  tobacco  ! 
And  when  the  smoke  ascends  on  high, 
Then  thou  behold'st  the  vanity 
Of  worldly  stuff 
Gone  with  a  puff. 
Thus  think  and  smoke  tobacco  ! 
And  when  the  pipe  grows  foul  within, 
Think  on  the  soul  defiled  with  sin  ; 
For  then  the  fire 
It  does  require. 
Thus  think  and  smoke  tobacco  I 
And  seest  thou  ashes  cast  away  ? 
Then  to  thyself  thou  mayest  say. 
That  to  the  dust 
Return  thou  must. 
Thus  think  and  smoke  tobacco  I 

PART  II. 
Was  this  small  plant  for  thee  cut  down  ? 
So  was  the  Plant  of  great  renown  ; 
Which  mercy  sends 
For  nobler  ends. 
Thus  think,  and  smoke  tobacco  I 
Doth  juice  medicinal  proceed 
From  such  a  naughty,  foreign  weed  ? 
Then  what  s  the  pow'r 
Of  Jes^fi's  flow'r  ? 
Thus  think,  and  smoke  tobacco! 
The  promise,  like  the  pipe,  inlays, 
And  by  the  mouth  of  faith  conveys 
What  virtue  flows 
From  Sharon's  Rose. 
Thus  think,  and  smoke  tobacco  I 
In  vain  th'  unlighted  pipe  you  blow  ; 
Your  pains  in  outward  means  are  so, 
Till  heavnly  fire 
Your  heart  inspire. 
Thus  think,  and  smoke  tobacco! 

The  smoke,  like  burning  incense,  tow'rs ; 
So  should  a  praying  heart  of  yours 

With  .ardent  cries 

Surmount  the  skies. 
Thus  think,  and  smoke  tobacco  ! 


50 


Confessions  of  a  Tohacco  Chcwer. 


[Jan. 


To  me  it  was  a  perfect  gem — the  meas- 
ure, rhyme,  moral,  and  all.  I  had  often 
watched  those  ascending  and  expanding 
wreaths  of  smoke,  and  now  1  had  a  strong 
inclination  come  over  me  to  look  at  them 
poetically  —  morally.  I  determined  to 
experiment  a  little  myself,  before  mother 
returned.  So,  lighting  the  pipe,  as  I  had 
often  seen  her  do,  I  succeeded  in  drawing 
a  few  beautiful  "  whitis,"  and  seeing  them 
ascend.  But  the  poetry  of  it  was  soon 
over ;  the  moralizing  lasted  longer. — 
Perceiving  that  the  centre  of  gravity  in 
my  little  corporation  was  getting  unset- 
tled, I  rushed  to  the  door  for  fresh  air; 
but  before  I  could  turn  it  to  any  medical 
use,  my  dizzy  head  struck  on  the  door- 
stone,  the  effect  of  which,  after  the  lapse 
of  fifty  years,  is  still  discernible  in  what 
amateur  phrenologists  have  called  "  the 
bump  of  individuality  " — a  term  which,  if 
it  be  intended  to  denote  the  singleness 
with  which  that  Sabbath's  doings  stand 
out  and  apart  from  all  my  other  juvenile 
follies,  is  fitly  enough  named. 

These  few  "  pufKs  "  answered  for  years. 
Tn  fact  I  was  well  on  in  my  teens  when  I 
tried  the  .next  experiment,  just  to  keep 
pace  with  several  youngsters  of  my  age 
in  their  strides  towards  manhood.  By  de- 
grees the  dizzy  and  disgusting  sensation 
became  endurable,  and  at  length  agreea- 
ble ;  /  w«.?  a  man — in  other  words  could 
smoke  a  cigar,  and  not  vomit. 

Entering,  soon  after,  upon  a  course  of 
study  for  the  ministry,  I  found  the  habit 
of  smoking,  not  only  a  considerable  waste 
of  time,  but  a  serious  inconvenience  ;  and, 
by  a  not  very  difficult  process,  it  was 
exchanged  for  chewing.  Thenceforth, 
through  college  and  theological  seminary 
my  mouth  was  never  void  of  tobacco,  ex- 
cept when  eating  or  sleeping.  Never  ? 
Yes,  I  broke  off'  once  for  a  whole  week, 
in  senior  vacation  at  Andover.  The 
thought  of  candidating  among  a  people, 
in  whose  fastidious  judgment  my  (juid 
might  outweigh  all  the  gifts  and  graces  I 
could  bring ;  of  off"ending  the  delicate 
sensibilities  of  the  sick,  while  whispering 


in  their  ear  the  consolations  of  the  gospel 
with  tobacco-stained  lips  ;  of,  possibly,  dis- 
gusting some  fixir  Eve,  who  might  other- 
wise become  my  loving  help-meet  in  some 
parochial  parailise — these  and  other  like 
thoughts  led  me  to  pause,  as  I  said,  for  a 
week.  And  in  that  time  I  had  begun  to 
forget  tobacco ;  i.  e.  there  were  intervals 
of  ten  or  fifteen  consecutive  minutes,  in 
which  the  thought  of  it  did  not  return  to 
rekindle  that  desperate  hankering  which 
none  but  those  addicted  to  rum,  opium  or 
tobacco,  can  be  made  to  understand.  As 
I  look  back  to  that  first  attempt  to  free 
myself  from  the  fetters  of  the  giant  habit, 
I  can  hardly  doubt  that  I  should  have  suc- 
ceeded, had  no  special  temptation  over- 
taken me.  But  so  it  was,  that,  on 
the  following  Sabbath,  in  the  study  of 
the  good  minister  for  whom  I  was  to 
preach,  there  lay  a  most  inviting  "plug" 
of  tobacco  on  the  mantle-piece,  with  an 
open  jack-knife  by  the  side  of  it.  An  in- 
cision had  apparently  just  been  made,  and 
the  fragrance  of  "  Virginia  honey-dew," 
joined  with  the  tempting  sight,  was  too 
much  for  an  appetite,  sharpened  by  a 
week's  abstinence,  to  resist.  Slill,  I  was 
as  determined  as  ever  to  abandon  the  use 
of  tobacco;  hut  not  till  after  that  Sahhath. 
The  Sabbath  over,  1  proceeded  on  my 
pedestrian  tour,  with  an  intenser  hanker- 
ing than  I  had  ever  before  felt.  My  pur- 
pose, which  had  already  begun  to  waver, 
entirely  failed  me,  as  I  came  in  sight  of  a 
small  grocery,  (all  such  places  were  then 
ffroggeries)  by  the  road-side,  on  tiie  door- 
posts of  which,  as  is  usual  in  these  out- 
skirt  establishments,  nearly  all  its  con- 
tents were  written  with  chalk  or  charcoal, 
— "  tobacco,"  among  the  rest.  Purchasing 
a  few  cents  worth,  not  to  chew,  howev- 
er,— oh  no, — but  to  carry  in  my  pocket, 
wltli  an  indefinable  notion  that  it  would 
somehow  quiet  the  inward  craving  that 
seemed  almost  insupportable,  the  journey 
was  resumed.  After  walking  about  half 
a  mile  without  touching,  tasting,  or  hand 
ling  the  potent  charm,  but  mus-ng  and 
moralizing  in  no  very  complaisant  mood 


I860.] 


Confessions  of  a  Tohacco  Cheiuer. 


51 


on  the  frailty  of  human  resolves  in  gen- 
eral, and  of  my  own  in  particular,  I  came 
to  a  sudden  determination  to  throw  away 
the  paltry  stuff — which  I  did  with  a  force 
of  mental  and  muscular  spunk  which  sent 
it  into  the  middle  of  a  four  acre  field — 
after  Jirst  hlling  off  one  small  quid.  This 
quid  lasted  me  through  that  day  ;  and  was 
replenished  the  next  morning  from  the 
tobacco-box  of  a  friend  ! 

I  need  not  inform  the  reader  that  this 
way  of  overcoming  the  tobacco  habit,  only 
served  to  strengthen  its  grasp  ;  and  by 
how  much  the  oftener  such  resolutions 
were  broken,  just  so  much  the  easier  it 
was  to  break  them.  What  aches  and  ail- 
ments, indigestion,  acidity  of  the  stomach, 
and  palpitation  of  the  heart ;  what  tricks 
and  troubles  to  conceal  the  use  of  tobacco 
on  special  occasions  and  from  particular 
persons  ;  what  twinges  of  conscience,  what 
self-reproaches,  attended  my  continuance 
in  the  habit  for  the  next  twenty-five  years 
— all  these  are  painfully  remembered,  but 
cannot  be  individually  confessed.  Take 
a  specimen  or  two  as  illustrations  of  the 
whole. 

The  medicinal  uses  of  tobacco  I  had 
studied — no,  not  exactly  studied,  but  had 
heard  of,  from  experienced  chewers,  who 
might  be  supposed  to  know  all  about  it — 
and  I  stood  ready  with  reasons  as  plenty 
as  blackberries  to  justify  chewing  as  a 
sovereign  remedy  for  my  complaints,  physi- 
cal and  mental ;  which  complaints,  however, 
kept  all  the  while  increasing,  till  I  threw 
away  tobacco,  and  then  to  my  surprise, 
they  went  with  it.  I  have  scarcely  thought 
of  them  since.  In  my  case  I  knoio  that 
these  ailments  were  caused,  not  cured, 
by  this  "  sovereign  remedy."  But  more 
of  this  anon. 

A  dirty,  slovenly  use  of  tobacco  I  ab- 
horred, and  never  failed  to  join  any.  body 
whom  I  heard  denouncing  it.  I  had  got 
the  idea  that  my  neat  and  skilful  way  of 
managing  the  quid,  which  it  had  cost  me 
great  care  to  acquire,  was  an  effectual 
concealment  o^  the  fact — just  as  I  remem- 
ber in  my  boyhood  to  have  seen  young 


quails  thrust  their  heads  into  tufis  of  grass 
and  behind  leaves,  with  the  silly  notion, 
apparently,  that  they  had  thereby  got  out 
of  sight.  But  "  many  a  time  and  oft," 
when  denouncing  the  fUhij  use  of  tobacco, 
in  language  differing  only  by  a  slight 
shade  from  a  denunciation  of  the  use  it- 
self— not  that  I  intended  to  deny  that  I 
used  it,  though  willing  to  have  that  in- 
ference drawn — I  have  detected  a  sly 
wink  of  the  eye,  or  curl  of  the  lip  in 
those  around  me,  which,  on  after  reflec- 
tion, has  brought  a  burning  blush  over 
my  cheek  ;  as  if  I  heard  somebody  in  an 
undertone  repeat  that  prayer  of  Robert 
Burns  : 

"  To  see  ouKelres  as  others  see  us." 
Even  now,  while  penning  this  sentence,  I 
blush  to  think,  as,  judging  from  present 
experience,  I  have  reason  to  think,  that 
my  tobacco  chewing,  when  conducted  in 
the  most  tidy  and  temperate  way,  was 
known,  or  strongly  suspected,  by  every 
body  who  had  sensibility  enough  to  make 
me  especially  desire  to  conceal  it  from 
him.  Undoubtedly  the  easiest  way  of 
getting  along  with  tobacco  chewing — cer- 
tainly the  least  troublesome  to  the  con- 
science— is  to  chew  it  openly,  honestly,  in 
the  face  and  under  the  nose  of  all  men 
and  women,  and  to  carry  a  respectably 
large  tobacco-box  in  which  to  keep  a 
fresh  supply,  and  to  deposit  an  unspent 
quid,  as  a  frugal  and  unsophisticated  un- 
cle of  mine  was  accustomed  to  do  on  sit- 
ting down  to  breakfast,  or  rising  to  speak 
in  a  prayer  meeting. 

But  oh  !  the  "  horrors  of  the  middle 
passage" — what  are  they  to  the  horrors 
of  your  tidy  tobacco  chewer  in  a  parlor  fidl 
of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  when  an  apple  or 
an  ice-cream  challenges  his  acceptance 
with  a  quid  in  his  mouth  ?  And  let  me 
assure  the  reader  in  all  the  soberness  of 
remembered  sorrow,  that  the  longest  fore- 
thought is  not  always  a  sufncient  safeguard 
against  such  an  exigence.  Whither  shall 
he  turn  ?  What  shall  he  say  ?  What 
can  he  do  ?  As  a  skilful  dramatist  drops 
the  curtain  when  he  approaches  a  scene 


52 


Confessions  of  a  Tohacco  Chcwer. 


[Jan. 


that  baffles  description,  leaving  the  rea- 
der or  the  audience,  as  the  case  may  be, 
to  supply  what  he  can  from  his  own  ima- 
gination, and  let  the  rest  go,  so  I  pru- 
dently forbear  to  portray  the  attempts  of 
one  in  such  a  fix  to  extricate  himself,  but 
which  only  sink  hina  deeper  in  the  mire  ; 
attempts  to  appear  natural,  but  which 
end  in  appearing  (to  himself  at  least)  "  a 
natural."  My  honest  uncle,  with  his  iron 
tobacco-box,  would  have  suffered  none  of 
these  things ;  but  he  had  none  of  this  hy- 
pocrisy— a  very  Nathaniel,  "in  whom  was 
no  guile."  Those  who  can't  manage  a 
quid  in  that  way,  should  let  it  entirely 
alone,  or  else  prepare  for  consequences 
which  will  often  remind  them  of  crucifix- 
ion, strangulation,  nightmare,  &c. 

I  hasten  to  a  conclusion.  My  expe- 
rience in  tobacco  chewing  terminated  on 
this  wise.  Friends  and  foes  had  done 
their  best  by  argument  and  ridicule;  by 
flattering  and  scolding;  by  kind  entrea- 
ties and  unkind  cuts  ;  and  yet  it  all  avail- 
ed nothing,  till  I  went  one  evening,  in 
company  with  another  (we  had  been  de- 
signated by  the  church  for  that  purpose) 
to  talk  with  a  Christian  brother,  who  was 
supposed  to  be  violating  his  temperance 
pledge.  In  fact,  the  rumor  was,  that  he 
had  been  repeatedly  seen  disguised  with 
strong  drink.  He  was,  in  all  other  re- 
spects, above  reproach — an  affectionate 
husband,  a  kind  father,  an  excellent 
neighbor,  an  exemplary  Christian.  I  felt 
extremely  anxious  to  deliver  him  from 
what  seemed  to  me  and  my  fellow  laborer, 
a  perilous  position.  At  first  there  were 
signs  of  resentment,  on  the  part  of  our 
erring  brother.  These  soon  gave  way  to 
confessions,  sorrowful  and  sad,  which  end- 
ed in  almost  hopeless  discouragement. 
He  never  could  rise — never  could  recover 
his  lost  character,  he  said.  We  insisted 
that  he  could  do  it  with  the  greatest  ease ; 
let  him  but  resolve  there  before  God  to 
adopt  the  total  abstinence  practice  from 
that  hour,  and  the  work  was  done.  "Ah," 
said  he,  with  a  look  which  gave  weight  to 
his  words,  "  you  know  nothing  about  the 


struggle  which  it  will  cost."  Too  hastily, 
perhaps,  I  rejoined,  "  Whatever  it  is,  I 
would  gladly  bear  it  for  you  if  I  could." 
We  left  him  with  an  earnest  entreaty  to 
try  ;  and  to  begin  that  night  on  his  knees 
in  earnest  prayei'.  As  I  went  musing 
homeward  at  a  late  hour  in  that  still  eve- 
ning, I  recalled  those  emphatic  words  of 
my  brother,  "  You  know  nothing  about 
the  struggle."  True,  I  thought ;  and  yet 
I  could  easily  put  myself  in  a  way  to 
know  all  about  it.  I  have  only  to  throw 
away  my  tobacco,  and  I  enter  at  once  up- 
on a  struggle  as  intense  and  formidable 
as  any  which  he  will  encounter.  And 
then  my  hastily  expressed  willingness  to 
bear  his  burden  came  to  mind,  and  seem- 
ed to  challenge  my  sincerity.  Before  I 
reached  home,  my  mouth  and  pocket  were 
both  emptied  of  tobacco,  under  an  im- 
pression that  it  might  strengthen  and  con- 
firm the  purpose  of  my  discouraged  broth- 
er at  this  turning  point  in  his  destiny,  if 
I  were  to  keep  step  with  him  in  this  race 
for  dear  life.  The  next  evening  we  com- 
pared notes.  To  my  unspeakable  joy  he 
had  entered  upon  his  total  abstinence  ca- 
reer ;  and  to  his  great  encouragement  I 
was  pledged  to  keep  him  company.  From 
that  day  and  hour,  (now  going  on  two 
years,)  no  tobacco  has  entered  this  mouth. 
My  experience  thus  far  may  be  told  in 
a  few  words.  At  first  the  struggle  was 
desperate.  As  I  now  look  back  to  the 
early  stages  of  it,  and  try  to  conjure  up 
some  image  Avhercwith  to  represent  it,  the 
picture  of  Christian  and  Apollyon,  in 
their  memorable  fight,  as  set  forth  by  John 
Bunyan,  comes  nearest  to  the  thing.  At 
any  rate,  the  tobacco  habit  may  be  aptly 
personified  in  Apollyon,  however  inade- 
quately I  may  be  supposed  to  represent 
the  courageous  pilgrim.  In  the  toughest 
times,  the  thought  of  my  brother,  for 
whose  sake,  mainly,  I  had  entered  the 
lists,  shut  out  all  ideas  of  retreat,  and  in- 
spired me  with  fresh  ardor  in  the  fight. 
There  were  days  when  my  entire  man- 
hood seemed  to  be  giving  way :  the  brain 
softening,   the    limbs  getting  loose  from 


I860.] 


The  Authority  of  Councils. 


53 


their  sockets,  the  body  tumbling  to  pieces. 
And  after  I  bad  so  far  got  the  mastery, 
that  the  thought  of  my  quid  did  not  come 
to  mind  for  twenty-four  hours  together 
there  would  be  an  occasional  hankering 
for  tobacco,  which,  during  its  brief  con- 
tinuance, was  absolute  torture.  Though 
half  a  year  has  elapsed  since  the  last  bit- 
ter conflict  of  this  sort,  I  have  no  doubt 
that  the  dozing  dragon,  even  now,  could 
be  roused  into  fury. 

The  first  six  months  of  abstinence  from 
tobacco  cleared  my  stomach,  entirely,  of 
flatulency,  acidity,  heartburn,  indigestion, 
and  added  fifteen  pounds  to  my  avoirdu- 
pois weight.  To  this  hour  it  has  been  a 
matterof  daily  and  undiminished  happiness 
to  eat  a  hearty  meal,  and  suffer  no  pain 
in  its  digestion.  Dyspepsia  is  no  longer  a 
household  word  with  us.  Dieting  has 
gone  out  of  date.  Nothing  that  a  civil- 
ized mortal  should  eat  comes  amiss,  and 
any  decent  style  of  cooking  is  as  good  as 
the  best.  Of  course  there  has  been  quite 
an  infusion  of  good  nature  into  the  family 


circle ;  more  domestic  zephyrs,  and  fewer 
east  winds.  I  say  this  with  a  full  remem- 
brance and  clear  perception  of  that  facti- 
tious cheer  which  all  chewers  and  smokers 
are  wont  to  speak  of  as  a  recommenda- 
tion of  tobacco.  I  have  often  been  in 
that  same  narcotic  ecstacy ;  and  also  in 
the  "  blues  "  that  follow  It,  and  are  born 
of  it.  I  dare  not  speak  of  my  softening 
brain  as  much  improved,  lest  this  produc- 
tion should  belie  it ;  but  I  may  say  these 
limbs  are  evidently  getting  back  into 
their  sockets,  and  this  once  shaky  body 
has  recovered  even  more  than  the  com- 
pactness it  had  when  held  together  by  to- 
bacco. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  no  words  where- 
with to  express  my  abhorrence  of  those 
social  usages  which  entice  a  young  man, 
against  the  strong  repellencies  of  his  na- 
ture, into  the  adoption  of  a  hurtful,  not  to 
say  foolish  and  expensive  habit,  which, 
should  he  at  a  subsequent  period  of  riper 
wisdom  wish  to  abandon,  will  cost  him 
such  a  death  struggle  to  accomplish. 


THE    AUTHORITY    OF    COUNCILS. 


BY    KEY.    ALONZO    H.    UI'INT. 


Whenevkr  perplexity  arises  in  the 
administration  of  Congregational  Church 
polity,  it  is  either  because  its  jirinciples 
are  misunderstood,  or  because,  when  im- 
derstood,  they  are  not  observed  with 
Christian  manliness  and  fidelity  by  its 
adherents.  When  practical  confusions 
arise  in  the  working  of  Councils, — 
Councils  stepping  out  of  their  legitimate 
work, — Councils  called  to  override  Coun- 
cils,— Councils  arrayed  against  Councils, 
— we  behove  that  It  Is  because  the  funda- 
mental principles  which  are  their  basis, 
are  forgotten.  Though  loth,  as  we  are,  to 
admit  that  want  of  principle  ever  enters, 
we  must  yet  confess  that  our  polity  is  evi- 
dently Intended,  by  its  reliance  only  on 
moral  power,  for  people  in  a  high  state  of 
grace,  and  that  that  grace  is  not  always 
VOL.  ir.  6 


found.  Wiien  Councils  are  opposed  en- 
tirely, sometimes  It  is  because  of  their 
abuse,  sometimes  because  misunderstood, 
and  sometimes  because 

"  No  rogue  e'er  felt  the  halter  draw 
With  good  opinion  of  the  law." 

"  The  Congregational  Church  Dis- 
cipline is  not  suited  for  a  Worldly 
Interest,"  says  Increase  Mather,  "  or  for 
a  formal  Generation  of  Professors.  It  will 
stand  or  fall  as  Godliness  In  the  power  of 
It  does  prevail  or  otherwise." 

To  remedy  the  want  of  grace,  is  not 
in  our  power.  To  do  what  little  in  us 
lies  to  explain  some  features  of  Councils, — 
especially  under  the  rather  general  title 
above,  we  are  glad  to  attempt. 

Our  own  understanding  of  this  matter, 
we  premise,  bases  Itself  on  a  development 


54 


The  Autlior'ity  of  Councils. 


[Jan. 


of  the  essential  principles  of  Congrega- 
tionalism. Certain  tendencies  are  con- 
stantly cramping  their  understanding. — 
Thus  in  the  union  between  Presbyterians 
and  Congregationalists,  has  resulted  a 
mongrel  administration,  of  no  credit  to 
either.  Of  the  four  grades  now  existing 
between  Independency  and  Episcopacy  : 
Congregationalism,  Presbyterianized  Con- 
gregationalism, Congregationalized  Pres- 
byterianism,  and  Presbyterianism, — the 
first  and  last  we  heartily  respect ;  the  se- 
cond and  third,  which  we  as  heartily  de- 
spise, have  done  great  mischief.  In  the 
great  bodies  now  alluded  to,  the  tenden- 
cies are  happily  to  the  pure  forms  of  gov- 
ernment. And  in  coming  to  a  better  un- 
derstanding of  what  Congregationalism 
is,  the  only  method,  in  our  absence  of  au- 
thoritative standards,  ig  to  enquire  for 
principles.  Precedents  we  care  nothing 
about.  We  admire  that  element  in  our 
great  New  England  lawyer,  which  led 
him,  when  a  case  came  into  his  hands,  to 
say  to  younger  counsel  associated  with 
him,  "  the  principles  governing  this  case 
are  so  and  so ;  do  you  hunt  up  precedents 
to  match." 

What  the  authority  of  Councils 
is,  depends  entirely  on  our  essential  prin- 
ciples. These  are  two-fold  :  first,  the  en- 
tire sufficiency  of  every  Church,  in  and 
of  itself,  for  all  purposes  of  government 
and  discipline  ;  and,  secondly,  the  obliga- 
tions growing  out  of  the  fellowship  of 
churches,  as  such,  to  each  other,  and  es- 
pecially in  all  matters  concerning  the 
general  welfare.  When  these  principles 
are  followed,  there  is  no  practical  diffi- 
culty as  to  the  proper  occasions  for,  or 
the  proper  work  of,  Councils.  It  is  to 
these  principles  that  we  look,  to  find  how 
Councils  come  into  being,  —  their  pre- 
rogatives while  in  being,  — and  the  force 
of  their  decisions. 

I.     Their  coming  into  being. 

Councils  are  merely  the  churches 
consulting  on  some  matter  particularly 
designated.  The  churches  are  held  to  be 
present,  although   for  convenience'  sake, 


they  represent  themselves  by  delegates, — 
a  pastor  himself  having  a  seat  only  by 
vote  of  his  Church.  The  old  custom  in 
voting  in  Councils  was  to  vote  as  church- 
es, each  Church  having  one  vote  ;  and  this 
is  the  true  way  ;  our  modern  custom  of 
taking  the  vote  by  individual  delegates 
is  erroneous  in  theory  and  productive  of 
evil  in  practice,  especially  when  a  Church 
invited  may  be  without  a  pastor,  or  may 
have  two,  in  which  case  their  Church  must 
meet  the  delicate  question  of  deciding  be- 
tween them.  The  only  true  plan  is  to 
invite  churches  as  such,  leaving  them  un- 
trammelled as  to  number  of  delegates,  and 
allowing  each  church  one  vote.  We  hope 
to  see  this  plan  re-adopted.* 

Councils  cannot  come  into  being  ex- 
cept a  Church  be  directly  concerned  in 
the  matter  for  consideration.  Individuals 
cannot,  for  their  own  matters,  summon  a 
Council;  a  Church  must  be  a  party  in 
inviting, — the  apparent  exception  of  ex- 
parte  Councils  called  by  aggrieved  indi- 
viduals, being  no  real  exception,  as  the 
individual  must  complain  of  some  church 
action,  and  bases  his  call  upon  the  fact 
that  the  Church  of  which  he  complains 
ought  to  have  been  a  party  but  has  unrea- 
sonaUy  refused.  An  individual  complain- 
ing of  another  individual,  a  party  in  a 
Church  complaining  of  an  opposing  party, 
dissatisfied  members  complaining  of  a  pas- 
tor,— cannot  call  a  Council.  There  must 
have  been  some  distinct  Church  action, 
of  which  complaint  is  made.  Thus,  if  an 
individual  complaining  of  another,  wishes 
for  a  Council,  he  must  first  bring  the  com- 
plaint formally  before  their  church  ;  if  the 
Church  do  not  remedy  his  grievance,  he 
has  no  resource  unless  the  Church  do  in 
some  way  deprive  him  of  his  rights ;  and 
even  these  rights  cannot  come  before  a 
Council  by  his  demand,  unless  the  rights 
affected  concern  his  relations  of  fellowship 
with  the  churches  at  large.     A  party  in 

1  All  that  would  be  necessary  is  for  the  Church  In- 
viting to  omit  from  the  letter  missive  the  words  "  by 
pastor  !ind  delegate," — leaving  it  to  read  "  we  invite 
you  to  meet  in  ecclesiastical  Council,"  &c. 


I860.] 


The  Auilioriiy  of  Councils. 


55 


a  Church  complaining  of  another  party, 
cannot  demand  of  the  other  to  join  in  call- 
ing a  Council ;  nor  can  the  two  together 
call  one  ;  but  they  can  bring  matters 
directly  before  their  Church ;  and  if  that 
Church  sees  fit,  it  can  call  a  Council  to 
advise  as  to  its  internal  difliculties.  A 
Church  must  in  all  cases  be  a  party  con- 
cerned. 

Nor  is  a  Council  at  all  indispensable  to 
the  validity  of  Church  action  as  such. 
There  is  no  matter  of  internal  order  to 
which  the  particular  Church  is  inadequate. 
An  idea  sometimes  prevails  in  Presbyte- 
rianized  Congregationalism,  that  a  Coun- 
cil is  essential  to  complete  certain  partic- 
ulars of  Church  action.  This  is  a  mis- 
take. The  Church  is  sufficient  of  itself 
Two  or  ten  churches  cannot  agree  as  to 
some  common  matter  without  mutual  con- 
sultation, but  each  single  Church  can 
transact  its  own  business  by  itself.  To  de- 
ny this,  would  be  to  deny  the  independence 
and  sufficiency  of  the  Church,  and  thus 
to  deny  the  first  essential  principle  of 
Congregationalism,  as  always  held.  The 
Independents  in  the  Westminster  Assem- 
bly declared  (Neal,  1 :  462,)  "  The  abso- 
lute independence  of  each  Church  so  far 
as  jurisdiction  and  discipline  are  concern- 
ed." The  Cambridge  Platform  (viii.  6,) 
calls  each  Church  "  free,"  and  carries  the 
same  idea  throughout.  The  Savoy  Con- 
fession says  (Neal,  1 :  178,)  that  "  every 
particular  society  is  a  complete  Church 
....  and  hath  full  power,"  &c.  The 
Synod  of  1662  insists  that  "  every  Church 
....  hath  received  from  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  full  power  and  authority  ecclesias- 
tical within  itself  regularly  to  administer 
all  the  ordinances  of  Christ,  and  is  not 
under  any  other  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction 
whatever."  John  Cotton  (Way,  &c.,  p. 
21,)  says  that  "a  Church  is  unavoidably 
independent  of  any  other  Church  or 
body."  Hooker  says  (Survey,  II.  80,) 
"  Every  particular  congregation  hath  suf- 
ficiency in  itself  to  exercise  all  the  ordi- 
nances of  Christ."  Lechford  (3  Mass.. 
Hist.  Coll.,  Ill :   74,)  who  wrote   in  1641, 


says  that,  in  New  England,  "  every 
Church  hath  power  of  government  by  it- 
self" Pres.  Stiles,  in  his  Convention 
Sermon  of  1760,  says,  "  our  churches  ac- 
knowledge no  jurisdiction  of  sister  church- 
es over  them."  Dr.  Emmons  says  in  his 
Platform  sermon,  referring  to  absolute 
authority,  "  every  Church  is  entirely  in- 
dependent." It  is  therefore  an  entirely 
erroneous  idea  that  a  Council  of  churches 
is  essential  to  complete  any  act  of  a  local 
Church.  The  mistake  is  borrowed  from 
another  Church  polltj'.  But  while  the 
Church  can  transact  its  own  business,  and 
its  action  is  entire  and  complete  so  far  as 
itself  is  concerned,  it  cannot  bind  other 
churches  in  matters  where  the>j  are  con- 
cerned. Thus,  in  organizing  a  Church, 
the  brethren  who  covenant,  do  thereby 
organize  the  Church,  and  they  can  do  it 
without  a  Council,  and  it  is  a  Church  as 
fully  as  though  other  churches  had  met  in 
consultation :  but  those  other  churches, 
never  having  been  invited,  have  never 
recognized  the  new  Church,  which,  al- 
though a  Church  of  Christ,  is  not  a  Con- 
grec/ational  Church  until  received  into 
fellowship.  The  Church,  again,  ordains 
its  own  pastor,  whether  with  or  without 
a  Council ;  and  it  may  do  it  without  a 
Council ;  if  it  does,  the  ordination  is  per- 
fectly valid,  but  the  pastor  and  Church 
have  never  received  the  fellowship  of 
the  churches  in  the  matter,  which  is 
therefore  left  an  open  question.  Coun- 
cils do  not  ordain.  The  Church  ordains 
through  the  Council.  The  Council,  ap- 
proving, extends  the  fellowship  of  the 
churches. 

While  this  is  the  case  in  matters  con- 
cerning which  there  is  agreement,  an  idea 
sometimes  prevails  that  Councils  have 
appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  of 
Church  action  with  which  parties  are  dis- 
satisfied. But  this  is  a  mistake.  The 
churches  as  such  have  a  right  to  expect 
to  be  called  upon  in  all  matters  pertaining 
to  inter-relations  between  churches  at 
large,  but  they  have  no  right  to  interfere 
in    the  internal   affairs  of   a    particular 


56 


The  Axdhority  of  Councils. 


[Jan. 


Churob  except  in  one  of  two  cases  :  first, 
when  they  are  invited  by  the  voluntary 
act  of  that  Church  to  advise  ;  or,  secondly, 
when  the  condition  or  action  of  a  particu- 
lar Chnrch  directly  aflfects  the  general 
welfare.  Increase  Mather,  in  his  Disqui- 
sition on  Councils,  p.  29,  expresses  this  : 
"  It  has  ever  been  their  declared  judg- 
ment, that  when  there  is  want  of  either 
Light  or  Peace  in  a  particular  Church  it 
is  their  duty  to  ask  for  Counsel,  &c.,  and 
that  in  matters  of  common  Concernment, 
Particular  churches  should  proceed  with 
the  Concurrence  of  Neighboring  church- 
es." Thus,  a  Church  may,  by  its  internal 
dissensions,  be  bringing  reproach  upon  the 
whole  body  of  churches,  in  which  case 
they  have  a  moral  riglit  to  be  heai'd ; 
thus,  when  the  condition  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Fisk's  Church  in  Salem,  a  century  or 
more  ago,  became  disagreeable  to  other 
churches,  a  Council  was  called  by  a 
Church,  which  Avithdrew  fellowship  from 
the  offending  Church  till  it  should  repent 
and  reform  its  behavior.  This  the  churches 
have  a  right  to  do.  "  It  is  a  maxim  to 
be  abhorred,"  said  the  Independents  of 
the  Westminster  Assembly,  "  that  a  sin- 
gle and  particular  society  of  men  profess- 
ing the  name  of  Christ,  should  arrogate  to 
themselves  an  exemption  from  giving  an 
account  to,  or  being  censurable  by  neigh- 
boring churches  about  them."  But  they 
have  no  right  to  investigate  the  internal 
affairs  of  any  Church  not  actually  inviting 
them,  even  on  the  complaint  of  injustice 
done  to  any  member,  unless  that  injus- 
tice relates  to  his  fellowship  with  them. 
They  have  no  supervisory  power  over 
the  internal  affairs  of  a  Church ;  that 
Church  is,  on  Congregational  principles, 
entirely  sufllcient  to  take  care  of  its  own 
afl'airs.  If,  however,  an  aggrieved  mem- 
ber is  deprived  of  Church  standing  and 
consequently  is  unable  to  commune  with 
the  other  churches,  as  he  would  be  if  not 
in  regular  standing  with  his  own  Church, 
other  churches  have  a  right  to  meet  at 
his  invitation  (after  due  attempts  on  his 
part  to  prevail  on  the  Church  to  call  a 


mutual  Council,)  and  consider,  not  wheth- 
er his  own  Church  shall  restore  him,  though 
they  may  advise  thereto,  if  they  will,  but 
whether  they  will  find  any  reason  why 
thej/  should  not  fellowship  him  notwith- 
standing the  action  of  his  Church  ;  and 
the  result  of  their  action  can  only  decide 
the  latter  question.  In  other  words,  the 
"  churches  consulting"  control  their  fel- 
lowship, but  not  the  action  of  the  partic- 
ular Church.  The  well  known  Council 
called  by  the  aggrieved  members  of  the 
Church  of  the  Puritans,  New  York,  erred, 
or  rather  their  officers  did,  on  this  very 
point ;  they  declared  the  action  of  the 
Church  to  be  null  and  void,  which  they 
had  no  business  or  power  to  do ;  they 
could  only  say  that  they  were  willing  to 
fellowship  these  brethren  notwithstanding 
the  Church  action,  and  advise  churches 
to  receive  them  even  without  the  letters 
which  had  been,  as  they  said,  unjustly 
withheld.  If  the  action  of  a  Church  stops 
within  itself,— that  is,  if  the  eflect  of  it 
does  not  impair  the  regular  standing  of 
the  aggrieved,  the  latter  have  no  claim 
for  a  Council,  nor  has  any  Council  a  right 
to  interfere.  We  remember  an  exparte 
Council,  which  aggrieved  persons  who 
had  been  admonished  without  trial,  as 
they  said,  had  called  (after  enileavoring 
to  obtain  a  mutual  one,  in  vain  ;)  the  ad- 
monition had  left  the  parties  "Still  in  regu- 
lar standing.  The  Council,  in  proceeding 
to  organize,  and  censure  the  Church,  went 
beyond  their  province  and  were  guilty  of 
a  gross  usurpation  as  well  as  impertinence. 
It  was  alleged  that  the  Church  had  vio- 
lated Congregational  order, — which  may 
have  been  the  case ;  but  that  gave  the 
neighboring  churches  no  right  to  inter- 
fere, unless  the  case  was  so  marked  as  to 
have  justly  required  withdrawal  of  fel- 
lowship from  that  Church.  The  dissatis- 
fied members  could  take  letters  ;  If  these 
were  denied,  they  could  then  have  asked 
for  a  Council — on  that  point. 

The  principle  then  is,  that  "  neighbor 
churches  "  have  a  right  to  expect  to  be 
called  together  on   all  matters  relating  to 


I860.] 


The  Authoritt/  of  Councils. 


57 


the  general  welfare  ;  they  have  a  right  to 
act  when  a  party  invites  them  who  is  ag- 
grieved by  Church  action  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  destroys  his  fellowship  with  those 
other  churches;  and  they  may  convene 
when  invited  by  any  Church  which  wants 
"  Light  and  Peace."  But  they  have  no 
right  to  demand  a  voice  in  the  internal 
affairs  of  any  Church,  and  no  power  what- 
ever to  supervise  them.  They  control  the 
fellowship  of  the  churches,  but  not  the 
action  of  any  Church  in  its  own  matters. 
The  remembrance  of  this  simple  principle 
would  sweep  away  half  our  Councils,  and 
all  of  those  which  have  become  an  offense 
in  the  nostrils  of  community.  Invited 
churches  ought  never  to  accept  an  invita- 
tion to  interfere  with  the  business  of  a 
Church  which  does  not  concern  them. 
The  Church  is  sovereign  in  its  own  pro- 
vince. 

Hoio  Councils  are  convened,  is  per- 
fectly simple.  It  is  by  letters  missive 
from  a  Church,  or  from  an  individual 
whom  a  Church  has  unreasonably  refused 
to  join  in  calling  a  Council ;  said  letters 
missive  must  state  precisely  the  matters 
to  be  considered  ;  and  those  matters  must 
be  such  as  relate  to  the  general  welfare, 
or  to  the  relations  of  themselves  to  the 
parties  concerned,  or  to  a  desire  for  ad- 
vice in  difficult  matters.  When  desired 
to  go  beyond  this,  churches  should  say 
"  no." 

On  these  principles, — the  recognition 
of  new  churches  as  entitled  to  their  fel- 
lowship ;  the  setting  apart  of  ministers  to 
their  holy  office  so  far  as  relates  to  fel- 
lowship ;  the  revising  cases  of  discijiline 
so  far  as  concerns  fellowship ;  the  mis- 
conduct of  churches  so  far  as  impairs 
fellowship ;  and  the  giving  of  light  to 
parties  seeking  it,  as  is  required  by  kind 
fellowship ;  these  are  the  only  cases 
wherein  Councils  have  any  proper  being. 
"  Common  Concernment "  is  their  sole 
basis. 

II.  The  prerogatives  of  a  Council  in 
being. 

The   sole   charter  of  a    Council  is   the 


letter  missive  upon  which  its  existence  is 
based,  and  by  this  it  must  be  governed  in 
all  cases, — having  of  course  all  the  ordina- 
ry rights  of  a  deliberative  body, — the  right 
to  judge  of  its  membership,  of  appoint- 
ing proper  officers,  of  deliberating,  and  of 
adjourning  from  time  to  time.  But  in  all 
things  it  is  to  observe  the  letters  missive. 

1.  It  must  follow  the  letters  missive  as  to 
its  membership.  The  parties  inviting  have 
already  settled  what  churches  shall  com- 
pose the  Council,  and  the  Council  has  no 
more  right  to  deprive  an  invited  church 
of  its  voice,  than  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  has  to  repel  a  sovereign  State  from 
its  floor.  It  has  no  right  to  add  to  its 
membership  by  inviting  others,  either  as 
actual  members  additional  or  under  the 
ridiculous  title  of  "  corresponding."  We 
have  seen  the  conduct  of  those  who  have, 
in  particular  cases,  opposed  the  admission 
of  "  corresponding  "  members,  character- 
ized as  "  discourteous;"  the  fact  is,  that 
those  who  receive  such,  are  guilty  of 
usurpation.  They  have  no  right  to  go 
beyond  the  letters  missive  ;  and  the  only 
question  a  Council  is  competent  to  con- 
sider in  this  respect,  is,  "  Who  bring  pro- 
per credentials  In  accordance  with  the 
letters  missive."  There  is  reason  in  this. 
First,  the  instrument  which  is  the  basis  of 
their  existence  must  of  course  govern 
them  ;  they  have  no  more  right  to  add  to 
their  number  than  a  jury  has.  And  se- 
condly, the  churches  which  have  sent 
delegates  have  done  so  with  distinct 
information  of  every  Church  with  which 
it  was  to  meet ;  It  may  be  that  a  Church 
subsequently  invited  to  sit  would  have 
prevented  their  assent ;  or  that  the  invit- 
ing Church  may  be  dissatisfied.  There 
is  no  right  to  assume  that,  in  any  case,  it 
would  not  have  been  so ;  for.  If  unobjec- 
tionable In  some  one  case,  it  Is  opening  a 
dangerous  precedent  for  times  when  it 
might  be  very  objectionable, — let  alone 
the  fact  that  any  change  from  the  invited 
number  is  a  breach  of  good  faith. 

This  of   course  does  not  prevent  the 
Council  from  acting  according  to  their  best 


58 


The  Aidhonff/  of  Councils. 


[Jm 


judgment  in  any  case  of  perplexity  aris- 
ing from  the  obscurity  of  the  letters  mis- 
sive, a  case  by  no  means  uncommon  ;  the 
Council  must  then  seek  to  ascertain  the 
real  intent  of  the  parties  inviting,  as  the 
sole  method  of  explanation. 

2.  The  Council  will  find  its  character 
in  the  letters  missive.  It  may  be  a  Coun- 
cil invited  by  one  party  where  but  one 
exists,  desiring  light ;  or,  a  mutual  Coun- 
cil, where  the  parties  unite  in  asking  ad- 
vice as  to  their  mutual  relations ;  or,  an 
exparte  Council,  where  one  of  the  parties 
invites,  after  a  vain  attempt  to  induce  the 
other  to  consent  to  a  reasonable  request 
for  a  Council.  As  to  the  first,  such  as 
where  the  organization  of  a  Church  is 
proposed,  there  is  no  difficulty.  Nor  is 
there,  as  to  the  second,  as  where  a  Church 
and  an  aggrieved  member  unite.  But  as 
to  the  third  there  is  often  doubt.  If  an  ex- 
parte Council  is  not  properly  constituted, 
it  has  no  power  whatever  to  act.  To 
make  it  proper,  (1)  the  inviting  party 
must  have  some  subject  of  which  a  Coun- 
cil can  properly  take  cognizance — which 
must  be  within  the  range  already  de- 
scribed. (2)  It  must  have  presented  the 
subject  distinctly  to  the  other  party ; 
"  when  asked  to  agree  on  a  mutual  Coun- 
cil," say  a  Court  of  Massachusetts  in 
Thompson  v.  Rehoboth  (7  Pickering,  159,) 
"  the  minister  [or,  equally,  any  other 
party]  ought  to  have  a  general  statement 
of  the  grounds  and  reasons  of  the  call 
upon  him ;  [and  the  Massachusetts  de- 
cisions on  these  points  are  not  legisla- 
tive, but  merely  the  declarations  of  able 
judges  as  to  what  the  established  princi- 
ples of  Congregationalism  are  ;]  "  not  in 
a  precise  technical  form,  but  substantially 
set  forth,  so  that  he  may  exercise  his  judg- 
ment whether  to  unite  in  a  Council  or 
not."  (3)  It  must  hav  e  been  met  with  a 
refusal,  or  wilful  neglect,  to  join  upon  a 
proper  subject  and  properly  set  forth ; 
if  the  subject  is  not  of  a  kind  for  the  ac- 
tion of  a  Council,  or  if  it  is  not  distinctly 
stated,  the  request,  and  not  the  refusal,  is 
unreasonable. 


If  these  three  points  exist  and  are  set 
forth  in  the  letters  missive,  the  calling  of 
an  exparte  Council  is  regular,  and  the 
Council  so  called  can  properly  act.  It 
has  the  force  of  a  mutual  Council.  But 
if  these  points  are  not  evident,  then  a 
Council  should  never  proceed.  The 
Council  should  avoid  the  very  appearance 
of  evil ;  it  should  insist  that  the  case 
should  be  so  clear  as  to  be  indisputable. 
A  conviction  of  the  essential  justice  of  the 
cause  of  the  inviting  party  should  not 
allow  the  violation  of  those  forms  of  jus- 
tice which  are  the  bulwarks  of  right,  and 
whose  transgression  in  a  good  cause  is 
worse  than  the  evil  the  transgression 
would  remedy  in  a  particular  case,  de- 
stroying the  safeguards  which  are  con- 
stantly needed  in  all  causes ;  the  illegal 
conviction  of  a  murderer  is  worse  than 
his  escape. 

We  remember  a  case  where  an  exparte 
Council  deliberated  long,  and  without  ar- 
riving at  more  than  a  mere  majority,  on 
the  question  whether  they  were  a  Council 
at  all.  Prejudging  the  case  (from  private 
information)  members  insisted  that  the 
refusing  party  ought  to  join  in  Council, 
even  if  his  technical  objections  were  of 
any  force.  Acting  on  the  principle  of 
the  magistrate  who  sentenced  a  man  for 
stealing  on  the  ground  that  though  the 
theft  in  this  particular  case  was  not 
proved,  yet  there  was  no  doubt  the  man 
was  a  thief, — the  Council  concluded  that 
if  these  technical  objections  of  his  were 
removed  he  would  still  be  factious,  and 
they  determined  to  proceed  to  action.  The 
result  was  that  the  inviting  party  were 
thus  put  in  the  wrong,  and  to  save  time 
then,  years  of  dissension,  distraction,  and 
heartburnings  were  the  results  of  the 
usurpation ;  while  patience  and  careful 
attention  to  the  proper  steps,  would  have, 
in  a  slower  but  safe  way,  made  every 
thing  straight.  Such  cases  are  common. 
In  fact,  we  have  never  yet  seen  more  than 
one  expai'te  Council  that  was  not  an  im- 
pertinence ;  we  have  seen  several  pre- 
vented and,  mutual   Councils    obtained, 


I860.] 


The  AidJioniy  of  Councils. 


59 


■where  partisans  were  sobered  down 
by  judicious  advice.  Notwithstanding  the 
obloquy  heaped  upon  members  of  the 
legal  profession,  we  believe  that  an  intel- 
ligent Christian  lawyer  is  the  very  best 
— earthly — adviser  any  party  can  have 
in  these  matters. 

A  Council,  therefore,  should,  first,  see 
who  are  its  members  ;  whether  the  letters 
missive  were  authorized  by  existing  re- 
cords ;  whether  the  Council, — if  exparte 
— has  a  proper  existence,  and  whether  the 
refusing  party  has  been  properly  notified 
of  the  meeting  of  Council.  If  these 
things  are  clearly  correct,  it  then  has  au- 
thority to  proceed. 

3.  The  Council  is  limited,  in  its  action, 
to  the  subject  matter  of  the  letters  mis- 
sive. 

The  object  alleged  in  the  letters  mis- 
sive is  the  sole  one  which  the  Council  is 
competent  to  consider.  The  reason  is  ob- 
vious. Deriving  all  power  in  this  partic- 
lar  case  from  the  letters  missive,  they  can 
no  more  go  beyond,  than  the  government 
of  our  country  can  exercise  powers  not 
delegated  to  it  by  the  Constitution.  Nor 
would  it  be  proper,  on  the  one  hand,  that 
delegates  asked  for  a  special  purpose, 
should  act  for  another ;  nor,  on  the  other 
hand,  that  an  inviting  party,  having  se- 
cured a  Council,  should  use  it  for  purpo- 
ses not  previously  mentioned.  Called 
together  for  one  thing,  they  have  no  right 
to  do  another. 

We  are  aware  that  this  rule  is  fre- 
quently transgressed.  Many  Councils 
have  seemed  to  regard  themselves  as  ir- 
responsible, and  as  being  put  in  charge 
of  the  churches  at  large.  It  seems  to 
be  felt  by  some  men  "  dressed  in  a  little 
brief  authority,"  that,  under  the  high 
sounding  title  of  Council,  they  are  en- 
dowed with  great  prerogatives.  Where- 
as they  are  like  Courts-martial  in  respect 
to  their  object ;  limited  to  the  precise 
work  for  which  they  are  summoned.  We 
do  not  mean  that,  in  theory,  they  are 
called  merely  to  do  the  particular  thing 
specified, — although  we  remember  letters 


missive  which  requested  the  convening 
of  a  Council  simply  to  "  organize  said 
Church,"  leaving,  so  far  as  letters  missive 
went,  the  Council  no  option  whatever ; 
but  we  mean  that  its  deliberations  and 
action  are  to  appertain  only  to  the  spe- 
cific subject  alleged  in  the  letters  missive. 
This  allows  thorough  investigation  and 
free  discussion,  and  often,  in  the  consid- 
eration of  grounds  and  reasons,  opens  a 
very  wide  sweep  of  examination.  For 
example,  a  Council  is  called  for  organ- 
izing a  new  Church,  for  the  alleged  rea- 
sons that  great  want  of  harmony  exists 
in  another  in  the  same  town ;  it  is  then 
perfectly  competent  for  the  Couucil  to 
enquire  as  to  the  existence  of  the  alleged 
dissensions,  and  whether  they  are  such  as 
to  furnish  good  reasons  for  advising  a  new 
organization,  and  whether  they  are  irre- 
movable ;  but  they  have  no  right  to  pro- 
ceed to  an  investigation  into  the  merits  or 
demerits  of  the  dissensions, — because  the 
parties  are  not  before  them,  and  if  they 
were,  the  case  is  not. 

4.  The  Council  is  not  unlimited  in  its 
loay  of  procedure.  It  is  bound  to  con- 
duct its  business,  in  the  absence  of  spec- 
ial rules,  by  the  ordinary  forms  of  pro- 
ceeding and  debate  in  deliberative  bodies. 
It  should  adhere  to  the  ordinary  methods 
of  examination  and  of  hearing  evidence. 
It  must  embrace  all  proper  opportunities 
of  obtaining  light,  and  reject  all  that  are 
improper.  It  must  act  with  perfect  im- 
partiality in  all  its  proceedings.  Councils 
have  no  right  to  transgress  those  estab- 
lished principles  of  fairness  which  the  ex- 
perience of  generations  has  settled.  Coun- 
cils are  sometimes  impatient  of  these,  and 
of  the  rules  of  parliamentary  order,  and 
strike  out  for  themselves,  with  a  sure  re- 
sult of  being  entangled  in  troubles  there- 
by. Short  cuts  are  very  apt  to  lead 
through  swamps ;  else  people  would  have 
made  a  path  there.  We  remember  an 
instance  where  members  of  a  Council, 
impatient  with  the  method  of  a  questioner, 
took  the  examination  into  their  own  hands, 
and  after  an  hour,  or  more,  of  "  confu- 


60 


The  Authorittj  of  Councils. 


[Jan. 


sion  worse  confounded,"  had  to  surrender 
it  to  the  original  examiner,  who,  in  his 
old  line  of  thought,  brought  the  matter 
into  shape  in  ten  minutes.  The  substan- 
tial principles  of  legal  practice,  and  the 
ordinary  rules  of  order,  interpreted  by 
Christian  common  sense,  are  the  highest 
guides  for  a  Council. 

5.  Having  carefully  and  prayerfully 
examined  into  the  subject-matter,  the 
Council  have  power  to  embody  its  opin- 
ion upon  that  matter,  and  no  other,  in  a 
"  Result  of  Council,"  which  is  to  be  signed 
by  the  Moderator  and  Scribe,  and  be  for- 
mally communicated  to  the  parties  con- 
cerned. 

It  would  hardly  be  necessary  to  say 
that  having  done  this  and  dissolved,  the 
very  existence  of  the  Council  is  forever 
at  an  end,  were  it  not  that  it  is  sometimes 
asserted  that  a  Council  can  be  re-assem- 
bled. This  is  incorrect.  No  power  under 
heaven  exists  to  recall  that  Council.  The 
Council  is  dead,  except  that  the  Scribe 
has  certain  official  duties  to  perform,  and 
papers  to  keep.  If  the  same  parties  should 
call  the  very  same  churches,  on  the  very 
same  matter,  by  verbatim  copies  of  letters 
missive,  the  result  would  be  a  new  Coun- 
cil. The  old  one  is  dead.  Its  standing — 
as  a  being — after  its  dissolution,  reminds 
us  of  a  good  minister  in  Massachusetts 
who,  standing  upon  a  ladder  fixed  against 
a  limb  of  a  tree,  proceeded  to  saw  off  the 
limb  ;  he  succeeded,  but  having  unfortu- 
nately placed  his  saw  between  the  ladder 
and  the  trunk,  fell  with  the  limb,  and 
broke  his  arm. 

III.  The  force  of  the  decision  of  a 
Council. 

Councils  have  no  authority  whatever. 
They  are  merely  advisory ;  their  decisions 
are  only  advice.  The  Inviting  parties 
must  consider  whether  to  adopt  or  reject 
the  advice,  In  the  light  of  Christian  duty. 
They  may  accept ;  they  may  reject.  If 
they  reject,  there  is  no  penalty,  unless 
obstinacy  and  an  unchristian  spirit  de- 
serve a  withdrawal  of  fellowship  by  other 
churches.     The  decision  of  Council  can- 


not be  enforced  when  the  parties  refuse  to 
accept  it. 

There  have  been  repeated  attempts  to 
give  Councils  some  authority,  but  so  far 
in  vain.  The  authorities  on  Congrega- 
tional order  have  always  been  against  it 
The  Cambridge  Platform  says,  xvl  :  4, 
"  It  belongeth  unto  Synods  [which  are 
only  general  Councils,]  and  Councils.  .  .  . 
not  to  exercise.  .  .  .any  act  of  Church  au- 
thority or  jurisdiction  ;  "  also,  xvl.  5,  "  the 
Synod's  [or  Council's]  directions  and  de- 
terminations, so  far  as  consonant  with  the 
word  of  God,  are  to  be  received  with 
reverence  and  submission," — the  middle 
clause  in  which,  needs  no  explanation 
when  coming  from  Puritan  lips.  "  In 
cases  of  difficulty  or  difference  relating  to 
doctrine  or  order,"  says  the  Savoy  Con- 
fession In  1658,  p.  179,  "  churches  may 
meet  together,  to  consult  together  by  their 
Messengers  in  Synods  or  Councils,  to 
counsel  and  give  advice,  but  without  ex- 
ercising any  jurisdiction."  The  Synod  o 
1662,  asserted  the  same  doctrine. 

Writers  have  been  still  more  emphatic. 
"  All  Congregatlonalists,"  says  Increase 
Mather,  Disquisition  on  Councils,  p.  28, 
"deny  that  Synods  have  any  such  ["ju- 
dicial "]  power."  "  What  is  the  power 
of  a  Council?  "  asks  John  Norton,  in  his 
work  on  Church  government,^  the  "  re- 
sponsio  ad  totum  quajstlonem,"  &c.,  an- 
swering questions  propounded  by  Apollo- 
nlus  under  the  directions  of  the  divines 
of  Zealand  ;  "  to  declare  the  truth,  not  to 
exercise  authority."  Sjjeaking  of  the  dis- 
cipline of  offenders.  Hooker,  Survey,  part 
Iv.  p.  19,  says,  "  if  difficulties  arise  In  the 
proceeding,  the  Counsell  of  other  Church- 
es should  be  sought  to  clear  the  truth ; 
but  the  power  of  censure  rests  still  in 
the  Congregation  where  Christ  placed  It." 
"  Those  that  sent  the  Book  [Flooker's] 
over  to  be  printed  [in  England,]  "  say 
that  his  Treatise  on  Synods  Is  incomplete; 
and  continue,  p.  43,  "  This  is  known  to 
be  the  author's  mind,  which  the  whole 
discourse  doth  manifest,  that  he  denies  a 
1  The  first  Latin  work  everipublished  in  this  country. 


I860.] 


The  Authority  of  Councils. 


61 


Synod  that  hatli  juridicall  power.   . .  .and 
he   grants  a    Synod  that   hath   power  of 
Counsell;"  a  power  "juridical,"  he  himself 
says,  p.  49,  "  is  unlawful   and  therefore 
never   appointed  by  God,  nor  approved 
by  his  Word."     Richard   Mather,  in    his 
Answer  of  the   Elders,   saySj  "  When  a 
Church  is   not   able  to  end  any  matter 
which   concerns  only     themselves,    then 
they  are  to  seek  for   Counsel  and  Advice 
from  Neighboring  Churches ;  "  and  adds, 
"  the  sentence  of  a   Council    is  of  itself 
only   advice,  not  of  itself  authority  nor 
necessity."     Davenport,  as  preserved  in 
Hanbury's    Memorials,     II.    65,   says, — 
"  When  a  Church  wants  light,  she  should 
send  for  Counsel,  but  preserve  the  power 
entirely  in  her  own  hands."     "  The  Sy- 
nods of  New  England,"  says  Cotton  Ma- 
ther, in  1726,  in  his  Pialio  Disciplina'jTpp. 
172-3,  "  .  .  .  .  pretend    unto  no  juridical 
power,  nor   any  significancy  but  what  is 
merely  instructive   and   suasory.      They 
are  nothing  but  some  wise  and  good  men 
meeting   together  to  advise  the  churches 
how  to  observe  the  rules  of  the  most  inof- 
fensive piety.     When  they  have  done  all, 
the  churches  are  at  liberty  to  judge  how 
far  their  action  is  to  be   followed."     "  A 
Council,"  says   Rev.  John  AVise  of  Ips- 
wich, in  his  Churches  Quarrel  Espoused, 
p.  47,  "has  only  consultative,  not  a  judi- 
cial power  in  it."     Samuel  Mather,  in  his 
excellent  work,  "  The  Apology,"  &c.  pub- 
lished in  1738,  says,  p.  118,  "  When  they 
[Councils]  have   done   all,  the    Churches 
are  still  free  to  accept  or  refuse  their  ad- 
vice."    President  Stiles  says,  in  his  Con- 
vention Sermon,  page  46,  "  churches  uni- 
versally hold  a  negative  on  the  Result  of 
Council ;  the  decision  of  a  Council  is  of  no 
force,  till  received  and  ratified  by  the  in- 
viting   Church ;   nor  does  it  render  that 
Church  obnoxious  to   the   community,  if 
she  recedes  from  advice  of  Council."     "  It 
is  an  acknowledged  principle  in  respect 
to  Councils,"  says  Upham's  Ratio,  p.  185, 
"  that  they  possess  only  advisory   power." 
Dr.  Emmons  says,  in  his  Scriptural  Plat- 
form, p.  11,  "  their  advice  is  only  advisory. 


which  they  [the  churches]  have  a  right  to 
accept  or  reject."  Punchard,  View  of 
Congregationalism,  p.  114,  says,  "  Con- 
gregationalists,  however,  agree  in  assert- 
ing that  Councils  have  neither  legislative 
nor  executive  authority  over  the  Church- 
es." "  An  ecclesiastical  Council,"  well 
says  Wellman,  in  that  excellent  book, 
The  Church  Polity  of  the  Pilgrims,  p.  1 14, 
"should  always  make  the  imi)ression,both 
by  their  demeanor  and  their  language, 
that  their  work  is  simply  advisory  or  per- 
suasive, or,  as  in  the  case  of  their  actually 
ordaining  a  minister,  that  they  act  simply 
as  the  servants  of  the  church,  j^erforming 
the  work  of  its  members  for  them,  and 
only  at  their  recpest."  Nor  is  there  any 
Congregational  writer  of  whom  we  are 
aware,  whose  contrary  opinion  is  received 
with  respect. 

Another  class  of  testimony  is  found  in 
judicial  decisions,  especially  in  those  of 
the  Courts  of  Massachusetts,  where  the 
essential  principles  of  Congregationalism 
have  passed  in  review  before  our  ablest 
judges.  These  decisions,  however,  being 
of  cases  of  dispute,  intermingle  other 
points  with  the  one  we  are  just  now  con- 
sidering ;  these  we  shall  not  attempt  to 
separate ;  they  teach  as  follows : 

(1)  The  parties  inviting  must  formally 
accept  the  result  before  it  can  become 
mutually  binding.  "  The  result  of  a  Coun- 
cil," 5^/earHi-  V.  Bedford,  21  Pick.  114,  "of 
its  own  intrinsic  validity,  is  never  obliga- 
tory upon  the  parties."  Hence  the  result 
of  a  Council  is  of  no  force  until  accepted 
by  the  parties.  "  These  decisions,"  Ibid, 
"  do  not  act  ex  proprio  motu — as  a  judg- 
ment." Unless  accepted  they  are  of  no 
effect. 

(2)  If  accepted  by  one  party  and  re- 
fused by  the  other,  it  will  justify  the 
one  adopting,  but  does  not  bind  the  one 
rejecting;  that  is,  the  latter  cannot  be 
forced  to  perform  any  conditions  recom- 
mended. "  The  result  of  a  mutual  Coun- 
cil, legally  convoked,  will  not  bind  either 
party  rejecting  it.  The  effect  of  the  ad- 
vice of     Counc  11  is  nothing  more  than  a. 


62 


The  Authority  of  Coiincik. 


[Jan. 


legal  justification  of  the  party  who  shall 
adopt  it." — Burr  v.  Sandwich,  8  Mass. 
277.  "Either  party  conforming  thereto 
will  be  justified." — Hollis  Street  Meeting 
House  V.  Pierpont,  7  Metcalf  The  same 
doctrine  is  taught  in  Avery  v.  T?jrlng7iam, 
3  Mass.  160,  Burr  v.  Sandwich,  9  Mass. 
277.  "  So  that,"  Hollis  Street,  &c.,  "  we 
consider  this  general  principle  as  well 
established  and  not  now  to  be  controvert- 
ed." The  adoption  of  the  Result  by  one 
party  will  justify  that  party,  but  it  cannot 
force  the  other  to  perform  any  required 
conditions.  Thus,  if  pastor  and  parish^ 
agree  to  ask  advice  of  a  mutual  Council 
on  the  question  of  separation,  and  the 
Council  advise  that  it  take  place,  and  the 
pastor  adopts  the  advice,  the  parish  cannot 
help  itself,  even  though  it  refuse  to  accept 
the  Result.  But  "  where  the  result  of  a 
Council  is  the  recommendation  of  acts  to 
be  done  and  conditions  to  be  performed, 
by  each  party,  the  performance  by  one 
party  will  not  impose  legal  obligations  on 
the  other."  Thus,  if  in  the  case  just  sup- 
posed, the  advice  was  that  the  separation 
take  place  upon  the  release  of  parsonage 
by  the  minister  and  the  payment  of  a 
thousand  dollars  by  the  parish,  the  accep- 
tance of  the  Result  by  the  minister  could 
not  force  the  parish  to  pay  the  money. 
But  in  all  ordinary  ecclesiastical  cases, 
such  conditions  cannot  be  imposed,  and 
hence  the  acceptance  by  one  justifies  that 
party  in  the  confidence  and  ecclesiastical 
order  of  the  churches. 

(3)  The  Result  of  a  Council  is  con- 
clusive as  to  facts.  "  The  decision  upon 
the  evidence  and  the  facts,"  (^Stearns  v. 
Bedford,^  is  conclusive,  and  is  not  to  be 
revised."  In  Burr  v.  Sandwich,  it  was  de- 
clared that  the  ac(|uittal  of  an  accused  per- 
son, by  mutual  Council,  justified  the  ac- 
quitted in  forever  refusing  "  to  call  another 
on  the  same  charges  ; "  it  is  held  that  the 
Council's  statement  of  facts  in  his  case  is 

1  AVe  say  "  parish  "  because  the  decisions  do.  Our 
judges  apply  to  parishes  the  principles  applicable  to 
churches,  because  churches  have  no  corporate  exist- 
ence. For"  parish  ■■  read  "  church'"  and  our  prin- 
ciples appear. 


final.  So  far  is  this  doctrine  carried, 
that  a  minister  acquitted  by  Council  can- 
not be  attacked  by  further  evidence  in  a 
Courtj  of  justice  in  any  suit  to  deprive 
him  of  his  legal  connection  with  a  parish. 

(4)  The  law,  while  it  regards  the  de- 
cision of  Council  as  evidence,  regards  it 
only  as  prima  facie  evidence ;  and  in  this 
is  an  illustration  of  the  way  in  which  the 
Christian  public  will  view  the  Result  of  a 
Council.  "  The  Court,"  Tliompson  v. 
Eehohoth,  7  Pick.,  "  always  look  behind  the 
adjudication,  and  before  the  result  can  be 
received  as  evidence,  or  allowed  to  have 
any  validity,  they  will  examine  the  pro- 
ceedings to  ascertain  whether  there  was 
a  suitable  case  for  the  convocation  of  an 
ecclesiastical  Council ;  whether  the  mem- 
bers were  properly  selected ;  whether 
they  proceeded  impartially  in  their  inves- 
tigations ;  whether  their  adjudication  was 
so  formally  made  that  it  might  he  seen 
that  they  acted  with  due  regard  to  the 
rights  of  the  parties,  and  that  they  founded 
their  decision  upon  grounds  which  will 
sustain  it."  The  Court  reviews  so  far  as 
to  see  that  all  things  have  been  fairly  and 
regularly  done,  but  it  will  not  review  the 
evidence.  The  Christian  public  do  the 
same,  or  would,  if  the  "  children  of  this 
world  were  not  wiser  in  their  generation 
than  the  children  of  light." 

If,  then,  a  Council  has  been  properly 
called,  if  the  subject  matter  is  such  as 
should  come  before  a  Council,  if  its  mem- 
bers are  impartial,  if  its  investigations  are 
fair,  if  its  decision  is  clear, — then  its  Re- 
sult, while  it  must  be  adopted  before  it  is 
of  any  authority,  will  justify  either  party 
conforming  thereto. 

There  are  two  collateral  points  Avhich 
need  further  remark,  departures  from  the 
opposite  sides  of  mutual  Councils;  ex- 
parte  Councils,  and  Councils  of  Reference. 

What  is  the  force  of  the  Result  of  an 
exparte  Council  ?  When  properly  in  ex- 
tence  and  acting  properly,  its  Result  has 
precisely  the  force  of  that  of  a  mutual 
Council,  which  is  merely  advisory,  and 
which  justifies   either  party  conforming 


I860.] 


The  Authority  of  Coiincik. 


63 


thereto.  The  unreasonable  refusal  of  one 
party  does  not  deprive  the  other  of  the 
right  to  a  Council.  The  mistaken  idea 
frequently  had  on  this  matter  arises  from 
an  unconscious  impression  that  the  Result 
of  a  mutual  Council  is  somehow  binding. 
The  Result  of  either  is  only  advice.  "  If 
in  a  proper  case  for  the  meeting  of  an 
ecclesiastical  Council  to  be  mutually  cho- 
sen," Avery  v.  Tyringham,  3  Mass.  160, 
"  either  party  should  unreasonably  and 
■without  good  cause,  refuse  their  concur- 
rence to  a  mutual  choice,  the  aggrieved 
party  may  choose  an  impartial  Council, 
and  will  be  justified  in  conforming  to  the 
Result," — and  this  is  all  which  can  come 
from  a  mutual  Council. 

On  the  other  hand,  a  Council  is  some- 
times made  a  board  of  referees,  by  whose 
result  the  parties  have  agreed  to  abide. 
While  this  is  often  the  easiest  way  to  get 
rid  of  difficulties,  it  is  hardly  Congrega- 
tional ;  certainly  not,  when  any  matter  of 
conscience  is  concerned.  Parties,  Con- 
gregation ally,  ask  advice,  not  verdicts. 
The  Church  has  no  right  to  tlirow  off  upon 
any  other  body  its  responsibilities  of  de- 
ciding as  to  its  own  action.  It  should 
hear  advice,  then  decide.  To  it  is  com- 
mitted, Congregationalists  hold,  entire 
Church  authority,  and  with  that  are  im- 
posed corresponding  responsibilities.  Nei- 
ther can  be  delegated.  Hence  any  pledge 
to  abide  by  the  decision  of  a  Council 
whatever  that  decision  may  be,  is,  except 
in  matters  of  mere  expediency,  entirely 
wrong.  True,  in  all  pecuniary  matters, 
civil  Courts  will  (Stearns  v.  Bedford,) 
enforce  such  an  agreement.  But  in  spirit- 
ual things,  men  cannot  so  pledge  their  own 
consciences.  Nor  has  any  Council  a  right 
to  accept  such  authority.  In  fact,  they 
seldom  do.  We  have  known  such  refer- 
ences, where  the  Council  nevertheless 
made  the  authority  of  their  advice  to  de- 
pend still  on  the  subsequent  action  of  the 
parties.  Where  Councils  appear  to  be 
boards  of  referees,  they  often  are  not. 
Thus,  the  generally  correct  "  Manual  of 
Congregationalism,"  issued  under  the  sanc- 


tion of  the  General  Conference  of  Maine, 
errs  when  it  states,  p.  57,  that  "  this  [pledge 
to  abide  by  the  decision]  is  always  the 
case  with  ordaining  Councils,  and  is  fre- 
quently so  in  the  case  of  Councils  for  the 
dismission  of  ministers ;"  for,  in  these 
cases,  it  will  be  found  that  the  ordination 
or  dismissal  has  been  previously  actually 
voted,  the  actual  consummation  of  the 
vote  only  being  merely  made  conditional 
on  the  appeal  of  a  Council ;  it  is  as  though 
the  parties  said,  "  we  have  concluded  to 
ordain  (or  dismiss)  this  man,  unless  you 
find  some  objection  ;"  when  such  objec- 
tion is  found,  it  is  by  no  means  final ;  a 
new  consideration  only  is  had,  and  often 
another  Council, — as  in  one  case  we  re- 
member where  three  successive  councils 
were  called  in  reference  to  a  proposed 
ordination.  Yet  even  this  appearance  of 
evil  we  wish  to  see  done  away.  In  every 
ordination,  we  hope  to  find  a  return  of  the 
old  plan  described  in  Cotton  Mather's 
Ratio,  p.  26  ;  it  was,  that  after  the  Coun- 
cil had  examined  and  approved  the  can- 
didate, the  Moderator  called,  in  public,  on 
the  Church  to  vote  on  the  question  wheth- 
er, after  what  had  been  heard,  they  did 
"  abide  by  their  choice  "  and  receive  the 
candidate  to  be  their  pastor ;  and  on  an 
affirmative  answer,  the  ordination  pro- 
ceeded. So  proper  and  Congregational 
a  method  ought  to  be  restored  to  in\aria- 
ble  use.  In  dismissals,  also,  a  Council 
ought  to  advise  the  Church,  and  the 
Church  subsequently  act ;  the  conditional 
dismissal  is  imported  from  Presbyterian- 
ism,  and  leads  to  the  erroneous  idea  that 
the  concurrence  of  a  Council  is  indispen- 
sable to  the  completeness  of  the  act. 
Councils  themselves  have  often  fostered 
this  feeling  by  their  after  formula  of 
usurped  power,  "  and  he  is  hereby  dis- 
missed,"— in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  unwar- 
ranted by  the  letters  missive,  illegal,  and 
void. 

The  Congregational  doctrine  of  the 
authority  of  Councils,  therefore  is  this : 
Councils  come  into  being  by  the  call  of 
parties  Inviting.     They   have    power   to 


64 


Historical  SJcetch  of  Broadway  Tahernacle. 


[Jan. 


organize  ;  power  to  examine  credentials ; 
with  no  power  to  enlarge  or  diminish  their 
number;  power  to  examine  the  subject 
speci6ed  in  the  letters  missive,  but  no 
other  subject ;  power  to  hear  evidence  ; 
power  to  deliberate  on  the  proper  courss 
to  be  taken  in  reference  to  that  subject ; 
power  to  advise  the  parties  inviting  them, 
what  to  do  in  the  matter,  with  no  power 
to  direct  or  order  any  particular  course, 
or  to  reverse  individual  Church  action  ; 
and,  with  power  to  pray  a  good  deal  more 
for  divine  assistance  than  many  Councils 
do,  they  have  power  to  dissolve. 

If  it  be  asked,  suppose  a  Council  is 
improperly  trammelled  by  the  letters  mis- 
sive ;  may  they  not  throw  themselves  back 
upon  the  Rights  of  Councils  and  override 
the  limitations  ?    No.    If  dissatisfied,  their 


only  resource  is  to  refuse  to  act  at  all,  and 
go  their  several  ways,  with  a  firm  trust  in 
Providence  that  the  Church  of  God  will 
continue  a  while  longer,  notwithstanding 
the  loss.  Councils  are  too  often  like  the 
genius  confined  in  the  casket,  described  in 
the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainment,  who, 
as  soon  as  the  lid  was  raised,  came  into 
bodily  shape  and  swelled  to  enormous 
size  ;  so  much  so  that  many  people  feel  it 
desirable  to  coax  them  into  the  box  again, 
and  shut  the  cover  fast.  Their  only  power 
is  reason.  So  far  as  they  have  any 
authority,  it  is  through  their  piety,  their 
integrity,  their  manliness,  and  their  com- 
mon sense.  For  "  the  decree  of  a  Coun- 
cil," well  says  Richard  Mather,  "  hath  so 
much  force,  as  there  is  force  in  the  reason 
of  it." 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  THE  BROADWAY  TABERNACLE, 
NEW  YORK  CITY. 


BY    EET.    JOSEPH   P.    THOMPSON,    D.D. 


The  original  Broadway  Taberna- 
cle was  erected  in  183C,  upon  a  lot  one 
hundred  feet  square  in  the  rear  of  No. 
340  Broadway,  with  an  entrance  from  the 
street  at  that  point.  It  was  occupied  at 
first  by  a  Free  Church,  of  the  Presbyterian 
order;  but,  in  1840,  it  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Broadway  Taberxacle 
Church  ;  then  newly  organized  upon 
Congregational  principles.  For  twenty- 
one  years  this  spacious  edifice  provided 
accomodations  for  multitudes  of  young 
men  and  strangers  desiring  to  hear  the 
gospel,  and  for  the  great  convocations  of 
Christians  during  the  Anniversary  week, 
and  on  kindred  occasions.  But  the  en- 
croachments of  business  compelling  fami- 
lies to  remove  up  town,  made  it  difficult, 
if  not  impossible,  longer  to  sustain  a 
church  in  that  locality  ;  and,  in  1857,  the 
Tabernacle  was  sold,  and  the  last  reli- 
gious service  was  held  within  its  walls  on 
the  26th  of  April  in  that  year. 

A  site  was  selected  for  the  new  Taber- 
nacle  at  the   intersection  of  Broadway, 


Sixth  avenue,  and  Thirty-fourth  street, 
nearly  three  miles  north  of  the  old  loca- 
tion, and  the  building  was  completed  in 
April,  1859.  The  Tabernacle  faces  the 
Sixth  avenue,  which  Broadway  here 
crosses  diagonally.  It  is  built  upon  a  lot 
which  measures  100  feet  on  the  avenue 
by  150  feet  on  Thirty-fourth  street ;  and 
the  building  is  89  feet  8  inches  in  front, 
and  150  deep ;  including  the  chapel  in  the 
rear  which  is  under  the  same  roof.  The 
main  audience-room  is  7G  feet  wide,  by  90 
feet  in  depth  in  the  clear,  exclusive  of 
the  recess  for  the  pnlpit ;  the  entire 
length  from  the  pulpit  screen  to  the  front 
wall  is  118  feet. 

In  the  ground  plan  of  the  interior  the 
building  presents  a  parallelogram  ;  but 
the  roof  is  cruciform,  and  the  elevation 
of  the  transepts  gives  a  pleasing  variety 
to  the  exterior  waits  and  buttresses.  On 
the  corner  of  Thirty-fourth  street  and  the 
Avenue  is  a  massive  and  finely-propor- 
tioned tower,  135  feet  in  height.  The 
side  view  presents  three  tiers  of  windows; 


I860.]  Historical  Sketch  of  Broadtmij  Tabernacle. 


65 


tfi^tol 


BROADWAY    TABER 

Cor.  Broadway 

the  lower  lighting  the  aisles,  the  second 
the  galleries,  and  the  third  forming  the 
clere-story  of  the  nave.  The  variety  in 
these  windows  has  a  good  effect  in  the 
external  view.  The  several  heights  of 
the  building  outside  are,  32  feet  to  the 
top  of  the  aisle  walls,  64  feet  to  the  top  of 
the  nave — the  clere-story  rising  32  feet 
above  the  aisles — and  88  feet  to  the  ridge 
of  the  roof.  The  transept  walls  are  car- 
ried up  to  a  line  with  the  ridge ;  these 
have  a  lower  tier  of  three  windows,  and  a 
great  triple-window  above.     Directly  in 


NACLE,    NEW    YORK, 

and  g4th  Street. 

the  rear  of  the  transept  wall,  the  wall  of 
the  chapel  rises  to  the  same  elevation 
with  that  of  the  aisles,  and  above  this 
again  is  seen  the  clere-story,  which  here 
forms  an  apsis,  in  the  rear  of  the  pulpit, 
over  the  chapel.  The  interior  efiect  of 
this  is  quite  striking — presenting  an 
arched  ceiling  150  feet  long,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  nearly  70  feet  from  the  floor  of  the 
church. 

The  style  of  the  building  is  perpendic- 
ular Gothic,  carried  out  with  a  chaste  and 
almost  severe  simplicity,  which  imparts  an 


66 


Historical  Sketch  of  Broadwaf/  Tabernacle. 


[Jan. 


air  of  grandeur  and  beauty  to  the  whole 
structure.  The  interior  eifect  is  rich  and 
imposing.  Entering  from  the  Avenue, 
one  sees  before  him  a  nave  90  feet  in 
length,  34  feet  wide,  and  nearly  70  feet 
high — a  large  church  of  itself.  At  the 
extremity  of  this  is  the  pulpit  recess  ; 
behind  the  pulpit,  at  an  elevation  of  20 
feet  is  the  choir  gallery,  containing  the 
small  organ  for  choir  accomj^anlments  ; 
and  above  and  beyond  this  Is  the  great 
organ,"  filling  a  large  part  of  the  space 
over  the  social  rooms,  which  are  above 
the  lecture-room,  in  the  second  story  of 
the  chapel.  Through  the  rich  oak-hued 
case  of  the  organ,  there  are  glimpses  of 
the  groined  celling  before  described,  and 
the  mellow  tints  of  the  clere-story  win- 
dows above  the  chapel.  Standing  at  .the 
door  of  the  nave,  one  is  struck  with  the 
perfect  proportions  of  the  house,  the  ad- 
mirable simplicity  and  taste  of  its  details, 
and  the  solidity  of  the  whole  structure. 
On  either  side  of  the  nave,  supporting  the 
pointed  arches  of  the  clere-story,  are 
three  finely-shaped  pillars  of  cream-col- 
ored stone  from  the  New  Brunswick  quar- 
ries. Beyond  the  pillars  on  either  side, 
is  an  aisle — in  the  architectural  sense — 
32  feet  in  height,  divided  by  a  gallery 
which  extends  the  entire  length  of  the 
building.  At  a  distance  of  50  feet  down 
the  nave,  the  transepts  intersect  it  with 
arches  70  feet  high  and  34  feet  wide,  and 
heighten  the  beauty  of  the  building  with 
their  lofty  triple  windows.  Both  on  the 
ground  floor  and  in  the  gallery  these  tran- 
septs furnish  some  of  the  most  agreeable 
sittings  in  the  house. 

The  windows  are  of  colored  glass,  so 
happily  toned  as  to  subdue  the  light  with- 
out making  it  sombre,  and  are  free  alike 
from  grotesque  figures  and  gaudy  colors. 
The  walls  are  colored  uniformly  in  drab. 
The  pews  are  of  oak,  without  doors,  and 
are  finished  with  crimson  upholstery  ; 
and  the  pulpit,  the  organ  case,  and  the 
galleries  correspond  with  the  oaken  pews. 
There  are  312  pews  in  the  house,  212  on 
the  ground  floor.     These  are  arranged  in 


three  double-blocks,  with  an  extra  tier  of 
wall-pews  upon  either  side ;  that  is,  there 
are  eight  rows  of  pews  the  entire  length  of 
the  building,  divided  by  four  aisles.  The 
front  gallery,  usually  occupied  by  the 
choir  and  organ,  contains  some  of  the 
most  eligible  pews  in  the  house.  It 
extends  back  over  the  vestibule,  to  the 
front  wall  of  the  building.  Each  gallery 
contains  five  rows  of  pews  through  Its 
entire  length.  The  house  will  seat  com- 
fortably 1,600  persons. 

The  Tabernacle  Is  built  of  Little  Falls 
(Jersey)  rubble;  the  dimension-stone  and 
the  porches  throughout  are  of  cream-col- 
ored New-Brunswick  stone.  The  front 
porch,  of  this  stone,  is  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  carved  Gothic.  The  outer  doors  are  of 
solid  oak.  There  are  ample  facilities  for 
ingress  and  egress. 

The  lecture-room,  directly  in  the  rear  of 
the  main-audience  room,  is  28  feet  by  85 
in  the  clear,  and  will  seat  nearly  500  per- 
sons. This  is  used  also  as  the  principal 
Sabbath  School  room,  the  seats  being  fit- 
ted with  reversible  backs.  Under  this  is 
a  finished  basement-room,  with  a  good  en- 
trance from  Thirty-fourth  street ;  and  over 
it  is  a  fine  suite  of  rooms  for  Bible  classes? 
and  parlors  for  social  gatherings.  Here 
is  the  home  of  the  church. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  main  bullding> 
at  the  angle  formed  with  it  by  the  rear 
wall  of  the  lecture-room,  is  a  neat,  two 
story  edifice  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
pastor.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  reception- 
room,  which  may  also  be  used  for  inquiry 
meetings,  and  for  meetings  of  church 
committees.  This  is  fitted  up  with  a 
wardrobe  and  a  fire-proof  safe.  It  com- 
municates with  the  lecture-room,  and  also 
with  the  pulpit  of  the  church,  through  a 
passage-way  8  feet  by  16.  This  passage  is 
lighted  from  above,  and  is  furnished  with 
Croton  water,  and  gas.  In  the  second 
story  is  the  study,  a  beautiful  room,  Avell 
lighted  and  ventilated,  with  ample  book- 
shelves and  closets ;  adjoining  this,  over 
the  passage-way  just  mentioned,  Is  a  li- 
brary, neatly  fitted  up  Avith  book-cases> 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Minnesota. 


67 


closets,  drawers,  and  over  this  a  gallery 
for  maps  and  pictures.  All  these  apart- 
ments are  for  the  pastor's  private  use. 

The  architect  of  the  Tabernacle  was 
Mr.  Leopold  Eidlitz.  The  building  was 
erected  by  Mr.  Marc  Eidlitz,  mason,  and 


Mr.  Thomas  Wilson,  carpenter.  It  was 
painted  by  Mr.  L.  11.  Cohn ;  the  glass 
was  from  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Henry 
Sharp ;  the  gas  fixtures  from  Haughwout 
&  Co. ;  and  the  organ  from  the  factory  of 
Mr.  R.  M.  Ferris. 


CONGREGATIONALISM  IN  MINNESOTA. 


BY    KEY.    D.    BUET,    WINONA,    MIN. 


There  is  a  deep  and  consoling  philo- 
sophy in  the  words  of  the  Trojan  hero  to 
his  companions  in  peril, 

"  Forsan  et  haec  olim  meminisse  juvabit." 

Those  who  are  laying  the  foundations  of 
Christian  Institutions  in  the  West,  are 
often  animated  by  this  thought.  It  will 
be  pleasant  for  us,  in  future  years,  to  re- 
member the  toils  of  the  pioneer-work. 
But,  to  enjoy  these  pleasant  remem- 
brances, we  shall  then  need  the  means  of 
forming  a  correct  idea  of  the  times,  when 
the  religious  denomination  with  which 
we  are  connected,  was  an  infant  in  the 
West.  It  will  be  very,  natural  to  look, 
for  the  statistics  of  our  infancy,  in  our 
Quarterly,  designed  to  preserve  such  items. 

It  is,  therefore,  proposed,  in  this  article, 
to  chronicle  a  few  facts  and  reflections  re- 
specting Congregationalism  in  Minnesota, 
at  the  present  time. 

There  are  47  Congregational  churches 
in  the  State.  Of  these  ten  were  organized 
last  year ;  only  three  of  these  have  a  mem- 
bership of  less  than  ten.  Including  these, 
the  average  number  of  members  to  each 
Church  is  28 ;  omitting  them,  it  is  30. 
We  have  30  minsters;  leaving  17  of  our 
churches  without  a  resident  preacher. 

In  several  instances,  from  two  to  four 
churches  are  under  the  care  of  one  min- 
ister, who  divides  his  labors  among  them. 

We  have  only  three  settled  pastors  in 
the  State.  There  are  some  five  churches 
without  regular  preaching,  which  will  each 
contribute  from  $200  to  S300  per  annum, 
for  the  support  of  a  minister,  if  one  could 
be  secured,  and  the  American  Home  Mis- 


sionary Society  is  relied  upon  to  increase 
that  amount  to  $500  or  $600.  We  have 
about  a  dozen  meeting-houses  completed, 
and  more  in  process  of  erection.  Many  of 
our  congregations  hold  their  meetings  In 
halls  and  school-houses,  much  to  the  de- 
triment of  their  practical  efBciency.  Du- 
ring last  year,  the  ao^grcfjate  of  our  mem- 
bership  has  increased  400:  170  of  them 
by  profession  of  faith ;  the  rest  by  letters 
from  churches  out  of  the  State. 

These  statistics  suggest  remarks  on  the 
following  particulars  : 

1.  The  necessity  of  foreign  aid  in  erect- 
ing houses  of  v'orship. 

It  appears  that  more  than  two-thirds 
of  our  churches  hold  their  meetings  In 
halls  and  school-houses ;  which  they  are 
frequently  obliged  to  occupy  In  turn 
with  other  denominations.  Many  of  these 
meetings  are  often  removed  from  one 
place  to  another,  about  the  neighborhood. 
The  writer  knows  of  several  churches 
whose  growth  and  prosperity  are  greatly 
hindered  by  this  necessity.  A  religious 
meeting,  held  one  Sabbath  here,  and  the 
next  there,  can  accplre  no  distinct  his- 
tory. The  way  to  it  is  new  at  each 
time  of  meeting.  The  material  objects 
which  surround  the  hearers  are  never  the 
same  for  two  successive  Sabbaths ;  and 
hence  they  can  acquire  none  of  those  lo- 
cal associations  which  favor  a  devout 
frame  of  mind.  A  homeless  religious 
meeting  must  always  be  impersonal,  and 
its  benefits  few  in  comparison  with  those 
which  result  to  a  people  who  have  a  per- 
manent place,  in  which  to  worship  God. 


68 


Congregationalism  in  Minnesota. 


[Jan. 


Divine  wisdom  took  care  to  prevent  this 
evil  in  the  journey  of  the  Israelites 
through  the  wilderness.  They  carried 
their  sanctuary  with  them,  and  their  re- 
ligious associations  connected  with  it,  re- 
mained the  same,  although  it  was  often 
set  up  in  a  new  place. 

AVestern  ministers  find  that  preaching 
in  school-houses  and  halls,  is  far  less  im- 
pressive and  efficient  than  the  same  ser- 
mon would  be,  in  a  building  whose  acces- 
sories comport  with  the  elevated  themes 
of  the  gospel.  An  eagle  would  no  longer 
be  an  eagle,  if  he  should  leave  the  sublime 
bights  which  are  associated  with  him  in 
our  minds,  and  come  down  and  live  in  the 
foul  waters  of  a  stagnant  pool.  To  re- 
tain his  royal  name,  that  bird  must  have 
his  home  on  the  mountain  clift',  and  soar 
through  rolling  clouds.  The  heralds  of 
the  gospel,  in  speaking  of  its  sacred 
themes,  are  greatly  assisted  by  surround- 
ing material  objects  in  harmony  with  the 
state  of  mind  which  they  would  produce 
in  their  hearers.  E,e([uire  them  to  preach 
in  an  unsightly  room,  with  low  and  dingy 
walls,  and  you  fatally  divest  the  truth 
which  they  utter,  of  its  prestige  and  power 
over  men.  It  will  not  be  said  of  them  : 
"  How  beautiful  upon  the  mountains," 
when  they  are  obliged  to  stand  ankle- 
deep  in  the  mud  of  a  western  log  scliool- 
liouse,  or  on  the  marred  rostrum  of  a 
hall  floor,  defiled  by  tobacco — that  vile 
nuisance  of  the  West.  Their  messages 
cannot  seem  to  come  from  the  regions  of 
■celestial  purity  when  delivered  in  the 
same  place,  where,  perhaps  the  night  be- 
fore, many  of  their  hearers  were  enter- 
tained by  the  performances  of  a  traveling 
theatre,  a  professor  of  witchcraft,  or  a 
band  of  wandering  minstrels.  To  avoid 
this  mingling  of  things  sacred,  with  things 
vulgar  and  profane,  our  western  churches 
must  have  sanctuaries  adapted  to,  and 
carefully  restricted  to  religious  worship. 

Then,  why  not  build  them  yourselves  ? 
asks  some  one  who  has  heard  of  our  im- 
mense agricultural  resources,  and  of  our 
spacious  and  massive  hotels  and  stores  and 


warehouses.  Because  we  cannot.  "  Not 
many  rich,"  but,  "  the  poor  of  this  world 
hath  God  chosen."  The  West  is  rich,  but 
its  wealth  is  mostly  in  the  bands  of  men 
who  have  no  regard  for  evangelical  reli- 
gion. They  will  not  listen  to  our  appeals. 
We  are  as  really  dependent  on  foreign 
aid,  as  if  we  were  in  Japan.  Be  not 
so  unkind  as  to  assert  that  we  are  able  to 
build  our  own  meeting-houses.  We  will 
not  ask  our  Eastern  brethren  to  aid  us  in 
this  matter,  until  after  we  have  put  our 
own  hands  to  the  work  according  to  our 
ability.  If  they  will  visit  us  we  can 
show  them  that  the  American  Congrega^ 
tional  Union  is  one  of  the  most  beneficent 
Institutions  of  the  age.  We  think  they 
would  return  home,  and  say  to  the  wealthy 
churches  of  the  East,  give  that  society  a 
prominent  place  in  your  regards,  and 
contribute  largely  to  its  funds,  after  see- 
ing what  we  have  seen  and  knowing 
what  we  know  of  Its  indispensable  neces- 
sity to  the  churches  of  the  great  North 
West. 

2.  The  necessity  of  aid  from  the  Ameri- 
can Home  Missionary  Society. 

This  Society  now  aids  in  supporting  all 
except  three  or  four  of  the  30  Congrega- 
tional ministers  preaching  within  the  State. 
Its  pledges  to  us,  for  1859,  amount  to  about 
$9,000,  and  our  churches  in  the  aggregate 
have  raised  S8,200  toward  the  salaries  of 
their  ministers. 

What,  now,  would  be  the  result  should 
the  A.  H.  M.  S.  withhold  from  us  further 
appropriations  ?  To  us  the  answer  is 
evident.  Our  churches  would  be  left 
destitute  of  ministers.  Nearly  all,  and  In 
some  instances,  quite  all  the  money  which 
our  missionaries  receive,  comes  from  the 
Missionary  Society.  In  the  country,  the 
members  of  our  churches  arc  often  in 
debt  for  their  lands,  to  retain  which,  they 
are  obliged  to  pay  high  rates  of  interest, 
and  to  meet  payments  within  a  limited 
time.  For  several  years  to  come,  nearly 
all  the  money  resulting  from  the  sale  of 
grain  will  be  needed  by  our  farmers  for 
the   li(juidation  of  debts,  and  to  procure 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Minnesota. 


69 


the  means  of  a  I'omfortable  subsistence 
for  their  families.  The  members  of  our 
city  churches  generally,  have  what  little 
they  possess  in  property  which  is  not  con- 
vertible, at  pr3sent,  into  money.  It  is 
with  great  difficulty  that  many  of  them 
can  continue  in  business,  or  even  meet 
the  daily  wants  of  their  families.  And 
the  members  of  our  churches  are  not  re- 
sponsible for  this  state  of  things.  It  re- 
sults from  the  course  which  has  been  pur- 
sued by  capitalists  and  speculators,  many 
of  whom  are  not  residents  of  the  West. 
Our  church  members  usually  constitute 
the  most  careful  and  conservative  business 
element  in  every  Western  community. 
It  were  unjust  to  accuse  them  of  bringing 
the  present  financial  troubles  upon  the 
West.  They  own  but  a  small  fraction  of 
the  property  in  the  State.  They  are  not 
the  men  who  control  our  banking  system, 
our  rail-road  policy,  or  our  political  mea- 
sures in  general.  We  entreat  our  Eastern 
friends  to  remember  these  things.  We 
are  not  wasting  our  time  and  energies  in 
attempts  to  compete  with  Shylocks,  and 
aspiring  politicians.  We  are  opening 
farms  and  striving  to  transact  a  legitimate, 
and  a  safe  business.  To  us,  is  left,  to  a 
great  extent,  the  duty  of  sustaining 
schools,  and  of  furnishing  a  large  part  of 
all  the  money  expended  for  the  moral 
benefit  of  the  people.  The  incidental 
expenses  of  the  Church  cannot  be  dis- 
tributed among  the  congregations,  nor 
even  equally  among  all  the  members  of 
the  Church.  They  must  be  met  by  a  few 
of  the  brethren,  who  are  not  as  poor  as 
the  rest.  In  some  of  our  churches  there 
are  men  who  have  cheerfully  paid  hun- 
dreds of  dollars,  in  rent,  for  places  of 
worship,  for  warming  and  lighting  the 
same,  for  Sabbath-school  papers  and  li- 
braries, because  other  members  of  the 
Church  are  too  poor  to  aid  in  bearing 
these  burdens,  to  any  great  extent. 

Now,  it  is  impossible  for  a  Church  in 

such   a   condition  to  pay   its  minister   a 

salary  sufficient  to  afford,  even  a  small 

family,  a  bare  subsistence.     It  can  con- 

VOL.  II.  9 


tribute  something  to  this  object  in  labor 
and  in  orders  upon  the  merchants.  It 
can  supply  to  some  extent,  its  pastor's  ta- 
ble, and  we  consent  to  this  inconvenient 
way  of  receiving  our  dues  from  the  peo- 
ple, because  they  can  do  no  better. 
Many  a  Western  minister  is  obliged  to 
acquire  a  practical  knowledge  of  "  Bar- 
ter," unknown  to  the  ministers  of  the 
East.  Many  of  our  missionaries,  during 
the  past  year,  have  been  obliged  to  pledge 
their  quarterly  appropriations  from  the  A. 
H.  M.  S.  before  they  become  due,  in  or- 
der to  keep  themselves  in  a  working  con- 
dition. These  are  facts  which  a  sensitive 
man,  who  has  fared  better  at  the  East, 
does  not  like  to  state  ;  but  they  ought  to 
be  known.  Should  our  brethren  at  the 
East  withhold  their  contributions  from  the 
A.  H.  M.  S.,  at  least  six-sevenths  of  our 
ministers  could  not  remain  in  their  pre- 
sent fields  of  labor. 

Let  the  5^8,200,  contributed  last  year, 
by  our  churches  for  the  support  of  their 
ministers,  be  considered  as  evidence  that 
they  will  become  self  sustaining  as  soon 
as  possible.  Help  us,  brethren,  a  little 
longer,  and  as  soon  as  we  become  able, 
we  will  pay  the  debt,  by  sending  the  gos- 
pel to  the  regions  beyond  us. 

From  these  considerations,  we  natu- 
rally pass  to  notice  : 

3.  The  duty  of  our  churches  to  cherish 
fraternal  and  grateful  feelings  toward  the 
churches  of  the  East,  and  especially  of 
Neio  England. 

In  some  of  the  Western  States,  it  has 
been  proposed  to  organize  a  Home  Mis- 
sionary Society,  to  be  independent  of  that 
at  New  York.  In  some  Western  commu- 
nities, there  is  an  attempt  to  create  a 
feeling  that  Chicago  should  be  the  head 
quarters  of  Religious  Anniversaries,  and 
of  Bible,  and  Tract  Societies  for  the 
West.  Some  of  our  papers  even  suggest, 
that  we  should  organize  a  new  National 
Tract  Society,  and  ask  the  already  exist- 
ing Tract  Society  at  Boston,  to  become 
auxiliary  to  it.  Now,  we  have  no  objec- 
tions to  having  Chicago  made  the  place 


70 


Congregalional'mn  in  Minnesoia. 


[Jan. 


for  a  general  agency  of  our  already  ex- 
isting Tract,  Bible,  and  Sabbath  School 
Societies.  But,  as  the  Congregational 
ministers  of  IMiiincsota  are  nearly  all  from 
New  England,  where,  in  )'0uth,  they  were 
taught  a  great  many  Puritanic  lessons 
about  honoring  parents  and  cherishing 
gratitude  to  benefactors,  we  deem  it  rather 
premature,  for  the  "Western  child  to  ex- 
alt itself  above  its  Eastern  mother.  In 
our  opinion  it  savors  a  little  of  the 
"  Young  America "  spirit,  for  this  child, 
even  while  receiving  paternal  aid,  to  as- 
sume to  itself  the  management  of  family 
affairs,  and  ask  its  venerable  parent  to 
take  the  -secondary  place  of  an  auxiliary 
in  its  arrangements.  No  Western  State 
now  sustains  its  own  feeble  churches,  or 
will  be  able  to  do  so  for  many  years  to 
come.  Men  who  are  called  from  the 
East,  by  our  few  self-sustaining  churches, 
do  not  always  understand  the  views  of 
brethren  who  are  laboring  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  American  Home  Mission- 
ary Society.  Its  Missionaries  regard  any 
movement  towards  independent  Mission- 
ary organizations  in  the  West,  as  untimely 
and  unwise.  It  is  their  opinion,  that  our 
Western  churches,  instead  of  sanctioning 
any  plan  for  establishing  new  and  inde- 
pendent benevolent  orgaizations,  tohave 
their  home  in  one  of  our  Western  cities, 
should  say  to  their  ministers,  attend  the 
anniversaries  at  Boston  or  New  York,  at 
least  once  in  three  years,  and  we  will  at- 
tempt to  pay  your  expenses.  They  should 
procure  their  Bibles  and  Tracts  from  so- 
cieties at  the  East,  even  if  they  could  ob- 
tain them  cheaper,  by  a  small  per  cent, 
from  societies  which  might  be  organized 
in  the  West.  It  is  wiser  to  remit  what 
little  we  contribute  for  benevolent  pur- 
poses, directly  to  some  society  having  its 
head  quarters  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
among  the  churches  on  whose  bounty, we 
are  living,  than  it  would  be,  to  drop  the 
same  into  any  treasury  which  might  be 
created  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi, 
or  the  shores  of  lake  ^lichigan.  Why 
should  we  waste  money  in  setting  in  op- 


eration the  machinery  of  new  societies, 
when,  in  every  department  of  Christian 
benevolence,  there  are  already  those  in 
existence  which  are  known  to  be  national ; 
which  can  operate  in  any  part  of  the 
country — West  as  well  as  East  ?  It  is  a 
glory  of  Congregationalism,  that  it  has  no 
great  system  of  continental,  ecclesiastical 
machinery,  moved  by  concentrated  power; 
but  let  it  not  be  its  shame  that  it  can  ex- 
hibit no  unity  of  action. 

Let  not  its  young  churches  in  the  West 
refuse  to  cooperate  harmoniously  with 
churches  of  like  faith  in  other  sections  of 
our  community,  in  the  work  of  home 
evangelization.  As  we  are  actually  re- 
ceiving large  contributions  of  money  from 
Eastern  churches,  and  cannot  live  without 
their  aid,  let  us  not  inaugurate  any  mea- 
sures which  would  operate  as  if  we  Avere 
setting  up  for  ourselves,  in  an  ungenerous 
rivalry  against  our  old  benefactors.  Let 
us  rather  aim  to  strengthen  every  tie  that 
now  binds  us  to  the  older  churches  of  our 
faith  in  the  East,  nor  dare  incur  the  re- 
sponsibility of  dissolving  the  spiritual 
union  between  ourselves  and  the  land 
which  is  the  mother  of  us  all. 

There  are,  however,  some  new  meas- 
ures which  ought  to  be  inaugurated  by 
our  churches  in  the  West.  To  bring  them 
into  view,  I  observe  : 

4.  There  is  need  of  some  change  in  our 
present  methods  of  Missionary  labor  in  the 
West. 

There  is  a  kind  of  INIissIonary  labor, 
much  needed  in  the  West,  which  the 
American  Home  Missionary  Society  does 
not  perform.  Its  Missionaries  receive 
their  commission,  as  a  common  rule,  on 
the  application  of  some  Church  which 
pledges  a  part  of  the  salary,  and  asks  the 
society  to  make  up  the  remainder.  The 
policy  is,  to  encourage  Missionaries  to  be- 
stow their  labors  upon  a  particular  Church, 
and  to  be  installed  over  it,  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. This  policy  is  wise ;  but,  in  new 
countries,  it  should  be  preceded  by  the 
labors  of  a  few  John  the  Baptists,  to  pre- 
pare the  way  of  the  Lord.     Applications 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Minnesota. 


n 


for  a  Missionary,  with  a  pledge  to  pay 
some  part  of  his  salary,  ■will  rarely,  if  ever, 
be  made,  until  after  a  Church  has  been 
organized.  It  often  requires  months  of 
faithful  preaching,  in  a  new  community, 
to  secure  the  organization  of  a  good 
Church.  Although  the  society  instructs  its 
Missionaries  to  visit  the  country  around 
them,  and  to  gather  churches,  -where  it 
can  be  consistently  done,  it  is  impossible 
for  them  to  do  this  work,  to  any  great  ex- 
tent. How  many  pastors  in  New  Eng- 
land, in  addition  to  the  duties  of  their 
own  pulpits  and  parishes,  could  travel, 
over  bad  roads,  from  fifteen  to  thirty 
miles,  once  in  three  or  four  weeks,  and 
preach  an  extra  sermon  and  visit  scatter- 
ed families  ?  Yet,  this  is  what  we  must 
doj  if  this  work  of  gathering  churches  is 
left  to  us. 

We  cannot  perform  this  outside  labor 
without  detriment  to  our  own  fields.  To 
use  a  Western  phrase,  it  requires  much 
skill  and  attention  "  to  run  "  our  churches. 
The  minister  must,  often,  be  both  engi- 
neer and  fireman.  If  he  leaves  the  ma- 
chine for  any  length  of  time,  the  motive 
power  is  apt  to  decrease,  and  the  friction 
to  increase.  There  are  many  extensive 
regions  of  country,  greatly  needing  the 
Gospel,  which  we  cannot  visit,  to  any  pur- 
pose. We  cannot  wisely  leave  our  peo- 
ple long  enough  to  bestow  upon  these 
regions  the  amount  of  labor  necessary  to 
prepare  the  way  for  the  organization  of 
churches,  and  for  permanent  Missionaries. 
When  one  remembers  that  the  area  of 
Minnesota  is  greater  than  that  of  all  New 
England,  it  will  be  seen  that  our  State 
Home  Missionary  Secretary,  cannot  per- 
form this  preliminary  work.  A  circle, 
with  a  diameter  of  twenty  miles,  can  be 
formed  in  this  country,  in  which  there  is 
no  Orthodox  Church.  Its  townships  con- 
tain a  population,  varying  from  400  to 
600,  among  which  are  many  intelligent 
and  some  Christian  men  from  the  jMiddle, 
and  Eastern  States.  The  writer  has 
preached  in  this  region  to  congregations 
of  nearly  100,  gathered  in  school  houses, 


and  he  speaks  from  a  personal  knowledge 
of  what  he  saj's.  There  are  districts  in 
Minnesota  much  larger  than  this,  in  the 
same  condition.  Families  thus  situated, 
need  a  good  minister  to  spend  his  whole 
time  with  them,  for  six  months  or  a  year, 
before  they  will  come  up  to  that  point  at 
which  the  Home  Missionary  Society,  with 
its  present  policy,  will  aid  them.  While 
the  Society  is  doing  a  noble  thing,  in  aid- 
ing churches  which  can  partly  sustain 
themselves,  it  is  doing  but  little  to  secure 
the  organization  of  new  churches  ;  it  can 
do  but  little,  unless  it  can  say  to  men,  go 
into  those  destitute  regions  and  do  a  pio- 
neer work  —  labor  for  the  conversion  of 
souls.  Seek  the  lost  sheep  of  the  house 
of  Israel,  and  gather  a  Church  as  soon  as 
convenient ;  and  for  a  year  or  so,  we  will 
pay  your  salary.  Were  a  man  sent,  at 
once,  into  every  county  of  Minnesota,  to 
do  this  preparatory  work,  those  of  us  now 
on  the  gi'ound,  could  find  emplojnnent 
for  all,  without  becoming  idle  ourselves. 
It  would  relieve  many  an  already  over- 
burdened Missionary,  and  be  the  means 
of  gathering  in  a  glorious  harvest  of  con- 
verts to  righteousness. 

But  every  one  acquainted  with  the 
organization  of  the  American  Home 
Missionary  Society,  knows  that  such 
a  plan  is  impracticable.  If  these 
pioneer  missionaries  were  Congregation- 
alists,  it  would  give  Presbyterians  an  oc- 
casion of  complaint ;  and  the  reverse  if 
they  were  Presbyterians.  Our  mission- 
aries who  occasionally  go  out  into  these 
destitute  regions  for  general  labor,  are  of- 
ten accused  of  being  actuated  by  denomi- 
national intentions.  In  one  instance,  a 
Congregational  minister  was  deterred, 
for  nearly  a  year,  from  organizing  a 
church  in  a  Congregational  community, 
by  a  single  Presbyterian,  who  was  deter- 
mined that  the  Church  should  not  be  Con- 
gregational ;  and  there  may  be  instances 
although  we  know  of  none,  in  which  a 
single  Congregationalist  has  done  the 
same  thing.  The  fact  is,  that  both  Pres- 
byterians and  Congregationalists  are  ham- 


72 


The  Religious  Progress  of  the  Past  Year. 


[Jan. 


percd,  on  their  Western  missionary  fields, 
by  their  union  in  the  American  Home 
Missionary  Society. 

While  the  union  continues,  neither  de- 
nomination is  at  liberty  to  bo  as  aggres- 
sive as  is  the  great  commission  of  Christ, 
'•  go  yG  into  all  the  world."  Here  are 
wide  regions  into  which  the  Society  can 
send  no  evangelist,  because  the  people  do 
not  decide  whether  they  are  Presbyte- 
rians or  Congregationalists,  and  make  a 
formal  application  for  aid  in  accordance 
with  the  Society's  regulations.  The 
"  terms  of  union  "  are  such,  that  the  first 
steps  of  the  missionary  work  needed  in  a 
new  country,  cannot  be  taken  by  the  So- 
ciety. It  cannot  reach  those  communi- 
ties most  in  need  of  the  gospel.  The 
two  denominations  of  which  it  is  com- 
posed, look  compassionately  upon  the 
waste  places  of  the  West,  the  occupancy 
of  which  lies  beyond  the  scope  of  harmo- 


nious action  ;  but  neither  can  enter  them 
lest  the  other  accuse  it  of  taking  an  un- 
fair advantage.  Neither  party  is  willing 
that  the  other  should  annex  these  unevan- 
gelized  regions  to  its  own  denomination. 
Missionaries  of  a  mongrel  character,  half 
Presbyterian  and  half  Congregational 
are  scarce.  It  is  out  of  the  question  to 
send  one  of  each  denomination  into  every 
field,  and  the  difficulty  is  disposed  of,  by 
leaving  the  whole  matter  to  chance.  It 
is  time  the  question  be  raised,  whether  both 
denominations  would  not  be  more  efficient 
and  useful  in  the  West,  if  this  compact 
for  missionary  purposes  were  dissolved. 
If  such  a  dissolution  is  necessary,  before 
these  destitute  regions  can  have  the  gos- 
pel, the  sooner  it  comes  the  better.  If  the 
Society  claims  that  its  organization  con- 
templates, and  can  do  the  work  in  ques- 
tion, let  it  be  done,  and  we  are  satisfied. 


THE  RELIGIOUS  PROGRESS  OF  THE  PAST  YEAR. 


BY    REV,    HENRY   M.    DEXTER. 


A  refluent  wave  is  no  new  phenome- 
non in  nature  or  in  grace.  Nay,  in  grace 
as  in  nature,  we  have  learned  to  antici- 
pate refluent  waves,  as  the  sure  successors 
of  those  invading  surges  which  deposite 
the  brief  sparkle  of  their  crest  of  foam 
furthest  from  the  average  of  the  deep  sea, 
up  the  slope  of  its  girdling  sands. 

Excitement  is  a  law  of  all  reformatory 
processes.  Reflection  upon  past  frailty 
and  failure,  leading  to  resolutions  and  ef- 
forts for  a  better  life,  necessitates  some 
special  arousing  of  the  mind  toward  the 
past,  and  some  special  concentration  of 
its  powers  upon  the  future  ;  so  that,  so  far 
as  the  work  ot  salvation  has  its  human 
side,  mental  excitement  must,  to  a  greater 
or  less  degree,  attend  it.  And  that  Di- 
vine power  whose  gracious  operation 
awakens  and  animates  and  controls  it — 
turning  us  whithersoever  it  listeth — per- 
forms its  compassionate  work  by  no  viola- 
tion of  natural  law,  but  rather  by  pouring 


its  celestial  stimulus  along  the  ordinary 
channels  of  perception  and  emotion  and 
volition  ;  so  that — from  whichever  side  we 
regard  it — that  social  and  spiritual  move- 
ment which  we  agree  to  call  ' '  a  Revival," 
must  needs  be  attended  with  more  or  less 
of  abnormal,  and  highly  stimulated  men- 
tal action. 

Such  action  must  of  course  obey  the 
law  of  all  action ;  and  that  law  restores 
the  equilibrium  of  the  mind  by  periods  of 
rest  counterbalancing  such  periods  of  ex- 
citement. Night  with  its  recuperative  re- 
pose (that  is  not  death)  ever  follows  day 
with  its  jading  toils.  It  is  then  a  thing 
every  way  to  be  anticipated,  that  a  year 
of  such  extraordinary  religious  activity  as 
that  which  will  go  down  to  future  times 
as  the  "great  Revival  year"  of  1858, 
should  draw  after  it  a  year,  of  a  character, 
in  that  respect,  so  different  as  the  year 
1859,  which  has  Just  closed.  It  would 
have  been  indeed  an  event  almost  mirac- 


I860.]  The  Religious  Progress  of  the  Pad  Year. 


73 


ulous  if  that  lofty  and  intense  development 
of  religious  enthusiasm,  so  exhaustive  in 
the  requisitions  of  its  joy,  as  well  as  of  its 
labor,  had  been  continued  through  the  fol- 
lowing twelve  months.  Which  fact  sug- 
gests, in  advance,  to  those  who  would  re- 
view the  religious  peculiarities  of  the 
year  now  closed,  the  expectation — how- 
ever rich  may  have  been  the  blessings 
which  God  has  poured  out  upon  us  from 
his  heavenly  treasuries — that  his  manner 
of  blessing  will  be  found  to  have  been  es- 
sentially different  from  that  which  gave 
its  peculiar  aroma  to  the  story  of  its  pred- 
ecessor. Nor  because  it  may  be  different, 
must  it  necessarily  be  any  the  less  benefi- 
cent in  its  revelation  of  Plis  love,  or  less  to 
be  rejoiced  over  as  causing  gladness 
among  the  angels,  on  account  of  its  sub- 
stantial increase  of  holiness  on  earth. 

We  have  room  only  for  the  briefest 
glance  at  such  peculiarities  of  the  progress 
of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  on  earth, 
during  the  last  year,  as  have  suggested 
themselves  to  us  in  our  examination  of 
such  data  for  an  opinion  on  the  subject, 
as  have  come  Into  our  possession  in  the 
Reports  of  the  great  Religious  bodies,  and 
from  other  sources. 

1.  The  past  seems  to  have  been  a  year 
of  considerable  ingathering  to  the  visible 
Church.  To  some  extent  it  has  been 
the  late  garnering  for  the  harvest  that 
went  before.  It  is  impossible — from  the 
fact  that  most  of  the  statistics  in  our  pos- 
session date  back  so  far  as  to  cover  only 
additions  made  during  the  Revival  year, 
and  the  first  few  months  of  its  successor — 
to  estimate,  with  ac^iuracy,  to  what  extent 
the  churches  have  been  increased  in 
number  during  the  twelvemonth  now 
closed,  by  reinforcements  from  the  world. 
But  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  number  added  by  profession  to  the 
Evangelical  communion  in  the  United 
States  during  1859,  has  been  beyond 
the  average  of  former  years.  And 
there  can  hardly  be  a  question  that  the 
first  Sabbath  in  1860  gathers  around  the 
table  of  the  Lord  a  larger  number  of  con- 
VOL.  II.  10 


fessors  of  the  Christian  faith  than  has 
ever  before  greeted  and  gladdened  the 
gaze  of  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church,  as, 
from  his  throne  on  high,  he  overlooks  the 
fortunes  of  his  followers. 

2.  The  past  has  been  a  rjear  of  rp-eat 
harmony  and  quietness.  Not  that  every 
Christian,  or  every  Church,  has  been  so 
far  able  to  stand  against  the  wiles  of  the 
devil,  as  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  Spirit 
in  the  bond  of  peace.  Not  that  the  way 
of  truth  has  everywhere  .escaped  being 
evil  spoken  of  by  reason  of  false  prophets, 
false  teachers,  and  the  presumptuous  and 
self-willed,  who  have  become  entangled 
in  the  pollutions  of  the  world,  and  turned 
from  the  holy  commandment  delivered 
unto  them,  and  spoken  evil  of  the  things 
which  they  understood  not.  But  while, 
here  and  there,  a  community  and  a 
Church  have  had  sad  cognizance  of  the 
pernicious  ways  of  those  whose  hearts  are 
exercised  with  covetous  practices,  who 
speak  great  swelling  words  of  vanity,  and 
promise  liberty  while  themselves  are  ser- 
vants of  corruption,  the  general  expe- 
rience of  the  churches  has  been  one  of 
brotherly  love,  and  harmonious  coopera- 
tion, and  mutual  helpfulness.  Instead  of 
the  Pentecostal  occurrences  of  the  for- 
mer year,  or  the  drought  and  barrenness, 
or  bitterness,  of  other  times,  we  have  had 
that  experience  which  is  recorded  in  the 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  (ix  :  31)  when  the 
churches  had  rest  throughout  all  Judea, 
and  Galilee  and  Samaria,  and  were  edi- 
fied ;  and,  walking  in  the  fear  of  the 
Lord,  and  in  the  comfort  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  were  multiplied.  An  inclination 
to  the  settlement  of  old  troubles,  and  the 
re-establishment  of  the  regular  means  of 
grace  where  some  time  had  elapsed  with- 
out them,  is  noticeable.  There  has  been, 
moreover,  some  decided  reaction  in  the 
direction  of  return  to  the  good  old  way  of 
permanence  in  the  pastoral  office.  Our 
list  of  pastoral  changes  records  the  gratify- 
ing fact,  that  more  than  twice  as  many 
ministers  have  been  settled  over  churches, 
as  have   been   dismissed  from  the  over- 


74 


The  Religious  Progress  of  the  Past  Year. 


[Jah. 


sight  of  them,  during  the  past  year.  Let 
this  proportion  be  continued  for  a  little 
while,  and  that  alarming  tendency  to  dis- 
organization which  has  of  late  revealed  it- 
self in  the  Ecclesiastical  history  of  the 
land  will  pass  away,  and  the  angel  of 
the  Lord  shall  see  Israel  having  rest, 
and — as  when  he  hovered  over  Bethle- 
hem—shall behold  "  shepherds  abiding  in 
thejield,  keeping  watch  over  their  flocks," 
until  that  blessed  hour  shall  come  when 
"  there  shall  be  one  fold,  and  one  shep- 
herd." 

Moreover,  there  has  been  a  continuance 
of  that  spirit  of  union — of  the  disposition 
to  look  at  points  of  agreement,  rather 
than  points  of  difference,  and  to  work 
for  the  one  Master — between  different 
denominations  of  Evangelical  Christians, 
which  formed  so  marked  and  precious  a 
feature  of  the  Great  Revival.  In  Young 
Men's  Christian  Associations,  and  through 
other  channels  of  influence,  this  coopera- 
tion has  been  kept  up;  and  by  the  inter- 
change of  pastoral  labors,  and  the  com- 
mingling of  good  men  of  various  creeds 
in  Union  Sabbath  Schools  and  prayer 
meetings,  much,  which  has  made  its  re- 
cord on  high  in  souls  subdued  and  sins 
forgiven,  has  been  accomplished. 

3.  A  third  peculiarity  in  the  religious 
progress  of  the  past  year,  ivhich  deserves 
mention,  is  the  remarkably  spontaneous 
and  isolated  manner  in  which  the  Holy 
Spirit  has  been  frequently  pleased  to  con- 
vert the  sinner  from  the  error  of  his  way. 
Many  cases  have  gone  upon  the  record 
of  the  year,  where,  of  a  sudden,  without 
notice  to  the  community  around,  and 
conscious  preparation,  or  previous  thought 
on  the  part  of  the  subject  of  his  gracious 
influence,  the  Holy  Spirit  has  wrought 
his  regenerating  work.  At  some  unex- 
pected hour,  when  there  may  have  been 
every  probability  against  such  a  visita- 
tion, and  not  one  to  herald  its  coming, 
the  third  Person  of  the  Sacred  Three  has 
descended,  even  as  when  a  single  bolt 
out  of  the  summer  sky  smites  a  selected 
tree   in   the   thick  wood.     The   work   is 


done,  and  we  hear  the  sound  thereof,  but 
cannot  tell  whence  it  cometh,  nor  whitber 
it  goeth  ;  so  in  this  last  year — has  it  been 
of  many  a  man  who  has  been  born  of  the 
Spirit.  Cases  have  been  reported,  where 
several  individuals  in  the  same  town, 
without  mutual  knowledge,  and  without 
the  cognizance  of  the  Pastor  or  of  any 
of  the  Church,  have  been,  within  a  few 
days  of  each  other,  thus  first  smitten  of 
God  and  afflicted,  and  then  led  to  rejoice 
with  joy  unspeakable  and  full  of  glory,  in 
the  revelation  of  the  crucified  One  as  their 
Lord  and  Redeemer.  In  one  or  two  in- 
stances, churches  in  remote  towns  which 
— by  the  removal  of  their  members  to 
other  fields,  and  by  that  influx  of  ungod- 
liness and  practical  heathenism  which  is 
apt  to  follow  such  enfeebling  of  a  Church 
as  takes  away  from  it  the  regular  preach- 
ing of  the  word — had  become  well-nigh 
extinct;  have  been  enlivened  into  new 
efficiency,  and  invigorated  into  the  hope 
and  probability  of  permanence  and 
strength,  through  the  tender  mercy  of  our 
God,  whereby  the  day-spring  from  on 
high  hath — in  this  manner — visited  them  ; 
giving  light  to  them  that  sat  in  darkness 
and  in  the  shadow  of  death,  to  guide 
their  feet  in  the  way  of  peace. 
So  long  as : — 

■'  The  transformation  of  apostate  man 
From  fool  to  wise,  from  earthly  to  divine, 
Is  work  for  Ilim  that  made  him," 

it  does  not  become  us  to  sit  in  judgment 
upon  any  method  by  which  He  is  pleased 
to  "  devise  means  that  his  banished  be 
not  expelled  from  him."  But  it  seems 
right  gratefully  to  suggest  concerning  this 
sporadic  operation  of  the  Spirit, — that  it 
tends  to  honor  especially  the  Divine  pow- 
er as  the  only  obvious  instrumentality  of 
life ;  while — from  the  absence  of  all  ex- 
citing bewilderments, — such  a  soul,  alone 
with  God  In  Its  conversion,  gains  the  high- 
est possible  probability  of  sincerity  in  Its 
own  aim,  and  of  genuineness  in  the  char- 
acter of  the  work  which  Is  wrought  upon 
It. 

4.  Another,  and  marked  feature  of  the 


I860.] 


The  Pidigious  Progress  of  the  Past  Year. 


75 


religious  progress  of  lite  last  year,  has  Veen 
the  prominence  itito  tohich,  what  may  strict- 
ly be  called,  Home  Missionary  labors  have 
been  brought.  The  eyes  of  God's  people 
have  been  unwontedly  opened  to  see  the 
tidal  ebb  and  flow  of  heathenism  at  their 
own  doors ;  to  consider  the  poor  that  are 
always  with  them ;  to  remember  the  vi- 
cious and  abandoned  whose  shadows  daily 
flit  across  the  outside  of  sanctuary  portals 
which  the  forsaken  feet  never  enter : 
while  their  hearts  have  been  gladdened 
by  remarkable  displays  of  divine  grace 
toward  the  abandoned,  and  thereby  stim- 
ulated to  expect  great  things,  and  attempt 
great  things  in  Christian  labor  among 
those  whom  He  who  came  to  seek  and  save 
them  that  are  lost  may  all  the  more  be 
expected  to  receive,  because  the  world 
has  cast  out  their  names  as  evil.  It  was 
the  most  wonderful  feature  of  the  late  Re- 
vival, that,  in  so  marked  a  degree,  it  lit- 
erally verified  the  Saviour's  words  to  the 
dignitaries  of  the  Jews — prophetic  of  the 
method  of  the  progress  of  his  gospel  every- 
where on  earth — "  the  publicans  and  the 
harlots  go  into  the  kingdom  of  God  before 
you."  Such  prayer-meetings  as  those 
which  were  held  in  "  Globe  Hall"  in 
Boston,  and  in  similar  leprous  localities 
in  New  York,  and  Philadelphia  and  other 
of  our  large  towns,  were,  in  their  results, 
full  of  stimulus  to  this  new  zeal  and 
faith,  which — while  it  would  not  leave 
undone  its  duty  toward  heathen  over  sea — 
would  "  go  rather  to  the  lost  sheep  of  the 
house  of  Israel."  The  activity  of  the 
Church  thenceforth  took  on  new  forms  of 
development,  with  reference  to  the  exi- 
igencies  of  the  home  field.  Prayer-meet- 
ings were  held  in  places  more  accessible 
to,  and  more  congenial  with  the  attend- 
ance of,  the  poor  and  the  vicious,  than 
those  which  had  been  usually  devoted  to 
that  purpose.  The  territory  of  towns  and 
cities  was  sometimes  divided  among  the 
different  churches,  that  their  members 
might  personally  visit  every  habitation 
and  every  family,  for  religious  conversa- 
tion, prayer,  and  other  pious  labors.   New 


energy  was  expended  upon  tlie  old  plans 
of  city  missions.  Sabbath  Schools  were 
organized  in  halls  and  school-rooms  and 
ward  rooms,  in  places  convenient  for  the 
ingathering  of  those  children  who  had 
before  been  left  to  the  Sabbath  tutelage 
of  the  streets — where,  after  long  patience 
on  the  part  of  skilful  and  self-denying 
teachers,  it  has  not  been  uncommon  to  see 
sitting  at  the  feet  of  Jesus  clothed  and  in 
their  right  mind,  those  who,  a  little  while 
before,  had  seemed  to  be  possessed  of  all 
manner  of  unclean  spirits  ;  and  to  hear  the 
praises  of  the  Redeemer  sweetly  sounding 
from  children's  lips  that  were  wont  to  be 
voluble  with  cursing  and  corruption.  It 
was  remembered  that  our  Christian  cul- 
ture, in  the  most  favored  fields,  had  been 
far  from  thorough  and  exhaustive;  that 
even  the  most  faithfully  tilled  soil  was 
sadly  overrun  with  the  weeds  of  worldli- 
ness,  and  the  briars  of  vice,  and  the  this- 
tles of  error,  and  the  thorn-bushes  of  un- 
belief; and  it  was  determined,  that,  while 
the  sending  of  the  good  seed  of  the 
word  to  a  sowing  upon  distant  and  Pa- 
gan shores  shoulds  till  be  prayerfully  and 
vigorously  done — by  the  grace  of  God, 
this  other  work  of  fertilizing  the  home 
acres  should  no  longer  be  left  undone. 
So,  in  addition  to  all  other  ministries  of 
grace,  it  has  been  sought  to  throw  open 
the  doors  of  the  sanctuary  wider  to  the 
masses  of  the  people,  and  to  secure  their 
attendance  upon  the  ordinary  means  of 
grace,  and  to  bring  those  means  of  grace 
not  only  within  the  reach  of  their  purse, 
but  within  the  sphere  of  their  sympathy 
and  taste.  By  consequence,  the  number 
of  those  reached  by  the  preached  word 
through  the  land  has  been  considerably 
augmented,  and  many  neighborhoods, 
which  had  long  been  passed  by,  have 
been  made  the  centers  of  new  and  most 
hopeful  Christian  labor  ;  so  that  the  Gos- 
pel— in  the  commencement  of  this  new 
year — has,  beyond  question,  many  more 
points  of  contact  with  the  popular  mind 
and  heart,  than  at  any  former  period, 
and  the   laity  have,  more   than  ever  be- 


76 


The  Religious  Progress  of  the  Past  Year. 


[Jan. 


fore,  f«lt  that  the  Saviour's  last  command 
was  as  really,  and  as  imperatively  ad- 
dressed to  them,  as  to  the  professional 
successors  of  the  Apostles,  so  that  every 
man — who  has  a  mind  to  comprehend,  a 
heart  to  feel,  and  a  tongue  to  utter  the 
persuasions  of  the  Gospel, — is  bound  to  go 
everywhere  preaching  the  word, — per- 
suading men  in  Christ's  stead  to  be  recon- 
ciled to  God.  This  "going" — on  the 
part  of  the  great  majority  of  the  professed 
followers  of  Christ,  who  are  "  keepers  at 
home  " — must  necessarily  be  to  their  kins- 
folk, neighbors,  and  fellow-townsmen  ;  so 
that  the  more  they  feel  the  force  of  that 
command,  the  more  will  Home  Missions, 
in  this  new  and  stricter  sense,  share  their 
interest,  affections,  prayers  and  toils. 

And  this  leads  us  to  the  last  particular 
of  the  religious  progress  of  the  departed 
year,  for  which — in  pages  crowded  with 
statistics — we  can  find  space,  viz : 

5.  The  remarkable  and  cheering  devel- 
opment of  the  individual  activity  of  the 
members  of  the  churches.  Where  fields 
have  waved  for  the  sickle,  the  providence 
of  God  has  often  specially  aroused  old 
converts  and  new,  to  ask,  "  Lord  what 
wilt  thou  have  me  to  do ;"  and,  where 
defects  in  somebody's  Christian  character 
have  been  obviously  hindering  the  work 
of  the  Spirit — to  inquire,  "  Lord,  is  it  I  ?" 
The  aged  man  has  been  stimulated  to 
attempt  a  little  more  for  the  Master  before 
going  home  ;  the  man  of  business,  to  turn 
aside,  even  in  his  busiest  hours,  from  the 
engrossment  of  toil — perhaps  kneeling  in 
his  counting-room — to  plead  with  some 
brother  merchant  for  Him  who  loved  us 
and  gave  himself  to  die  for  us ;  the  young 
convert,  to  feel  strong  enough  in  the  Lord 
and  in  the  power  of  His  might,  to  take  up 
the  cross,  of  entreating  those  who  may  very 
likely  receive  the  entreaty  with  outward 
ridicule — if  yet  with  inward  respect — 
to  waste  no  more  of  life  in  the  vain  pur- 
suit of  the  pleasures  of  sin ;  and  even 
many  a  little  child  has  tottered  forth  from 
the  door  of  the  Sabbath  School,  to  lisp  in 
the  ears  of  its  parents,  as  well  as  its  play- 


mates, sweet  solicitations  to  love  the  Lamb 
of  God  which  taketli  away  the  sin  of  the 
world !  Many  volumes  have  appeared 
during  the  year — such  as  the  "  Power  of 
Prayer,"  the  "  Old  South  Chapel  Prayer 
Meeting,"  "  The  Harvest  and  the  Reap- 
ers," "  The  Missing  Link,"  "  Out  of  the 
Depths,"  &e.,  &c., — intended,  and  emi- 
nently calculated,  to  stimulate,  and  guide 
the  energies  of  individual  Christians  in 
prayers  and  labors  for  the  impenitent,  and 
to  awaken  confidence  that,  however  aban- 
doned and  wretched,  and  even  infamous, 
may  be  the  lives  of  any  erring  and  for- 
saken ones ; — 

"  Yet  not  the  less  that  Word  avails 
To  cleanse  away  their  sin  ; 
And  not  the  less  that  Cross  prevails 
To  give  them  peace  within  I" 

This  rousing  of  the  membership  of 
Christ's  churches  to  the  comprehension 
and  acceptance  of  their  individual  respon- 
sibility before  God  "  as  workers  together 
with  him,"  all — as  with  one  mind,  and 
animated  by  one  purpose  —  approving 
themselves  as  the  ministers  of  God,  in 
much  patience,  in  labors,  in  watchings  and 
fastings — "  by  pureness,  by  knowledge,  by 
long  suffering,  by  kindness,  by  the  Holy 
Ghost,  by  love  unfeigned,  by  the  word  of 
truth,  by  the  power  of  God,  by  the  armor 
of  righteousness  on  the  right  hand  and  on 
the  left,"  we  take  it  all  will  admit  to  be, 
in  many  respects,  the  great  need  of  Chris- 
tianity in  our  age.  And,  so  far  as  God's 
Spirit,  during  the  past  year,  has  advanced 
His  people  in  the  knowledge  and  the  feel- 
ing of  this  need,  so  far — all  will  concede 
— it  has  been  a  year  of  glory  to  God  and 
of  good  will  to  man ;  a  year  for  whose 
quiet  historic  value  we  ought  as  truly  to 
thank  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church,  as 
we  thanked  Him  for  the  more  obvious  and 
resplendent  bestowments  of  its  forerunner. 

And  from  all  these  features  of  His  re- 
cent way  with  us,  we  ought  to  gather 
both  wisdom  and  courage  for  that  labor 
which  remains ;  seeking  to  be  made  per- 
fect in  every  good  work  to  do  His  will ; 
being  not  unwise,  but,  by  the  help  of  the 
constant  and  prayerful  study  of  His  prov- 


I860.] 


Editor's  Table. 


77 


idenoes,  understanding  that  will,  that  our 
labor  may  not  be  in  vain  in  the  Lord. 

It  were  cheering  to  see  the  dawn  of  the 
Millenium  undeniably  flushing  the  East. 
Doubtless  we  might  take  up  the  burdens 
of  a  New  Year  with  higher  hope,  if  un- 
godliness less  visibly  abounded,  and  the 


presence  of  Jehovah  on  earth  were  more 
an  assertion  of  sight,  and  less  of  faith. 
But  His  appointments  are  best : — 

"  Let  us  go  — 
We  will  trust  God.    The  blank  interstices 
Men  take  for  ruins,  He  will  build  into 
With  pillared  marbles  rare,  or  knit  across 
With  generous  arches,  till  the  fane's  complete." 


dBirxtor's    Cabh. 


A  highly  esteemed  pastor  of  an  influen- 
tial Church  writes  to  us: — "I  have  never 
had  occasion  till  now  to  consider  the 
question  of  minors  voting  in  Church  busi- 
ness. Is  it  right  or  expedient  for  them  to 
do  so  ?  The  only  authorities  at  hand  to 
■which  I  can  turn  at  this  moment  are,  Rob- 
inson's "Works,  vol.  III.,  p.  43,  explicitly 
adverse  ;  Upham's  Ratio  Disciplinpe,  p.  98, 
where  nothing  is  said  expressly  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  females  only  are  excepted ;  Pun- 
chard,  first  echtion,  p.  126,  same  as  Up- 
ham  ;  Cummings'  Dictionary,  eighth  edi- 
tion, pp.  379,  380,  refers  to  Robinson  above 
quoted,  and  to  Punchard's  History,  which 
I  have  not.  In  Bacon's  manual  I  find 
nothing  on  the  subject.  Can  you  conveni- 
ently refer  me  to  other  authorities,  and  will 
you  tell  me  what  your  opinion  is,  as  to 
Massachusetts  and  New  England  usage,  at 
the  present  time  ? " 

In  reply,  we  would  say  briefly,  that 
authorities  on  either  side  of  this  question 
are  extremely  scarce.  Cotton's  Keys, 
Cambridge  Platform,  Saybrook  Platform, 
&c.,  &c., — all  the  old  manuals  of  Con- 
gregationalism are  silent  on  the  subject. 
Even  those  explicit  words  of  Robinson  to 
which  reference  is  made,  were  extorted 
from  him  by  the  slanderous  imputations, 
Avhich  he  felt  called  upon  to  repel,  that,  in 
his  Church,  •' women  and  children"  had 
"right  in  voting."  "Not  so,"  says  he; 
•'  only  men,  and  them  grown  and  of  discre- 
tion ;  making  account,  that  as  children  by 
nonage,  so  women  by  their  sex,  are  debar- 
red of  the  use  of  authority  in  the  Church, 
I.  Cor.  xiv  :  34,  35  ;  I.  Tim.  ii :  12." 

This  uniform  silence,  where  it  were  so 
easy  to  speak  if  occasion  required,  is  very 
significant.  It  is  as  much  as  to  say,  "  Our 
voting  on  Church  matters  is  regulated  by 
the  same  rules  that  apply  to  voting  in  all 
other    matters."      And    what  were  those 

VOL.  II.  104 


rules  ?  Did  minors  vote  ?  No.  "Why,  then, 
should  they  do  it  in  the  Church  ?  And,  if 
they  did  not,  what  necessity  for  saying 
that  they  did  not  ?  Li  our  times  women  do 
not  vote  in  Church  meetings,  (here  and 
there  a  Church  may  be  cited  as  an  excep- 
tion, but  it  only  confirms  the  rule,)  yet  out 
of  some  hundreds  of  Church  manuals  now 
before  us,  not  one  can  be  found  in  which 
there  is  any  reference  to  their  exclusion. 
Nor  is  there  any  more  reference  to  minors 
than  to  women.  The  question  of  their  right 
to  vote  is  seldom  raised,  and  the  probabil- 
ity is  that,  as  a  general  thing,  throughout 
the  Congregational  churches  of  New  Eng- 
land, the  age  of  a  member  is  not  thought 
of  as  a  qualification  for  voting.  Yet  when 
it  is  thought  of  and  the  right  questioned,  it 
is  not  easy  to  justify  it. 

Thus  much,  at  least,  must  be  con- 
ceded; that  in  any  Church  action  which 
can  ever  be  properly  brought  before  a  civil 
tribunal,  or  that  stands  iirfluentially  rela- 
ted to  a  proceeding  which  can  be  thus 
brought  before  such  tribunal,  minors 
shoidd  not  vote  ;  the  legality  of  the  action 
or  proceeding  is  thereby  marred.  And  as 
there  is  scarcely  a  supposable  question, 
demanding  a  Church  vote,  that  is  not  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  connected  with  matters 
that  have  a  ci\nl  and  secular  aspect,  would 
it  not  be  best  to  apply  the  principle,  in  all 
ecclesiastical,  as  we  do  in  all  secular  voting, 
of  limiting  the  right  of  suffrage  to  those  who 
have  passed  through  the  period  of  their 
legal  minority  ? 

This  side  of  the  Atlantic  there  are  five 
periodicals,  (other  than  newspapers,)  pub- 
lished under  the  auspices  of  Congregation- 
alists : — 

The  Canadian  Independext  for  Decem- 
ber, 1859,— the  sixth  number  of  the  sixth 
volume— is  a  welcome  visitor  to  our  table. 


•78 


Literary  Notices. 


[Jan. 


Its  thirty  neat  pages  are  filled  with  short 
and  •well  written  articles,  on  topics  like 
these :  ' '  How  to  Behave  in  the  House  of 
God;"  "  Jolin  Angel  James,"  —  a  life 
sketch  from  a  sermon  preached  on  occasion 
of  his  death,  by  Dr.  Wilkes;"  "Congre- 
gationalism— Whence  is  it ;  From  Heaven  ? 
Or  of  Men  ? " — a  very  clear  and  satisfactory 
view;  "  The  Congregational  Quarterly" — 
still  more  satisfactory,  for  it  gives  to  our 
humble  efforts  a  commendation  which  we 
had  not  dared  so  soon  to  expect,  but  which 
it  will  be  our  constant  aim  to  deserve. 
The  Canadian  Independent,  though  appa- 
rently a  private  enterprise,  is  published  in 
the  interest  of  the  Congregationalists,  and 
is  highly  creditable  to  the  enterprise  and 
talent  of  the  denomination  on  that  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  Congregational  Record,  is  the 
name  of  a  Religious  quarterly,  published 
at  Lawrence,  Kansas,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  General  Association.  Each  of  the 
four  numbers  sent  forth,  contains  twenty 
pages  of  instructive  matter ;  chiefly,  though 
not  exclusively,  relating  to  the  ecclesiasti- 
cal, historical,  and  religious  interests  of 
that  young  empire. 

The  BiBLioTHECA  Sacra  for  October 
1859,  completes  the  sixteenth  volume  of 
this  valuable  quarterly.  The  leading  arti- 
cles show  the  usual  profundity  of  its  con- 
tributors, while  the  thirty  pages  of  Book 
Notices  which  follow  them,  exhibit  more 
than  the  usual  variety  and  richness  of  this 
department. 


The  Xew  Englander  comes  to  us  in 
"good  measure,  pressed  down  and  run- 
ning over."  Without  any  advance  in  price, 
each  volume  outgrows  its  predecessor  in 
size,  and  surpasses  it  in  richness. 

Each  of  the  above  occupies  a  sphere  by 
itself,  neither  interfering  with  the  other  ; 
and  hence  it  is  desirable  for  a  man  to  take 
all.  Whether  he  takes  all,  however,  or 
only  one,  how  evidently  necessary  to  the 
completeness  of  the  whole  is  the  fifth  pe- 
riodical !  Whether  a  Congregationalist  has 
one  or  all,  the  Congregational  Quarter- 
ly, is,  in  its  humble  way,  indispensable. 


Some  ideas  of  ours  touching  an  article 
on  "  Congregationalism  "  in  the  Christian 
Examiner,  and  a  continuation  of  the  same 
subject  in  the  Christian  Register,  although 
on  paper,  arc  crowded  out ;  perhaps  we 
shall  insert  them  in  the  April  number. 


We  should  fail  of  common  gratitude  if 
we  omitted  to  render  proper  thanks  to  our 
printer,  Mr.  E.  L.  Balch.  It  is  especially 
due  to  him  that  the  Statistics  are  as  free 
from  errors  as  they  are.  To  his  good  taste 
and  care  in  his  art,  he  adds  a  sense  of 
the  fitness  of  things  which  detects  mistakes 
that  others  would  have  left  unnoticed, 
and  an  untiring  application  in  carrying 
into  effect  the  desires  of  his  employers. 


Delay  in  the  receipt  of  needful  facts  has 
made  us  late  and  hurried,  and  so  caused 
some  mistakes — seen  too  late  for  correction. 


§ooks  of  ^nkxmi  io  (iTonigrcciatiojransts. 


The  Turitans,  or  the  Church,  Court  and  Parliament 
of  England,  (luring  the  reiRn  of  Edward  VI.  and 
Queen  Elizabeth.  By  Samuel  Hopkins,  in  three 
volumes,  vol.  I.  Boston  :  Gould  &  Lincoln,  8vo. 
pp.  549. 

This  is  a  book  of  very  great  value. 
Commencing  with  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
sixth,  it  traces  the  line  of  Puritan  history 
as  far  down  in  this  volume  as  the  death  of 
Archbishop  Matthew  Parker,  in  1575.  The 
policy  of  Edward,  in  carrying  on  the  puri- 
fication of  the  Church  from  the  corruptions 
still  clinging  to  it ;  the  return  to  Papacy 
under  Mary  ;  and  the  political  policy  of 
Elizabeth  who  asserted  her  own  spiritual 
supremacy,  but,  to  conciliate  the  power- 
ful I'opish  party  then  in  her  realm,  insisted 


on  as  great  outward  conformity  to  Papal 
ceremonies  as  she  dared  to  urge,  form  the 
staple  of  this  volume.  The  book  bears  evi- 
dence of  great  investigation  ;  it  is  written 
in  a  sparkling  style ;  it  keeps  the  thread  of 
Puritan  rise  and  developement  perfectly 
clear ;  and,  so  far,  is  just  to  Puritanism. 
We  could  wish  the  author  had  omitted  his 
chapters  of  imaginary  conversations,  as, 
although  dressed  in  a  charming  style,  they 
seem  entirely  out  of  place  in  a  standard 
history. 

The  last  paragraphs  of  this  volume,  we 
cannot  forbear  quoting,  as  exhibiting  how 
the  author  understands  the  conflict  between 
Elizabeth  and  the  Puritans.     He  is  sjieak- 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


79 


ing  of  the  Papistical  features  of  the  Estab- 
lishment : 

' '  In  her  eyes,  the  rites,  the  ceremonies, 
the  vestments  of  the  Church  had  not  ac- 
qmred  importance  because  ordained  by 
law ;  but  were  ordained  by  law  because 
they  had  importance." 

"  Upon  these  two  points,  then,  the  Queen 
and  the  Puritans  tcere  agreed ;  viz.  that  the 
things  ordained  had  an  important  influence, 
and  that  that  influence  was  Papistical. 
Each  recognized  a  Papistical  likeness — and 
so  did  the  Papist — in  the  rites,  and  in  the 
constitution  also,  of  the  English  Church, 
Each  regarded  it  as  of  fundamental  impor- 
tance ;  the  one  to  the  Crown  and  Church 
of  England ;  the  other  to  the  Crown  and 
Church  of  Christ.  Upon  this  estimate  of 
cap  and  surplice  did  the  State  covertly  rely 
to  justify  its  pertinacity.  Upon  the  same 
did  the  Puritan  openly  rely  to  justify  his. 
In  regard  to  those  matters,  they  diS'ered 
only  as  the  policy  of  the  world  differs  from 
the  policy  of  the  Gospel.  The  one  was 
right,  religiously ;  the  other,  as  the  world 
goes,  politically.  In  the  opinion  of  each, 
the  things  about  which  they  contended, 
were  worth  contending  for ;  they  were  any- 
thing under  heaven  but  trifles.  The  cap 
was  more  than  woolen.  The  surplice  was 
more  than  linen.  The  Puritan  was  fantas- 
tical, and  a  stickler  for  trifles,  just  as  much 
as  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  no  more. 

' '  Calling  a  man  a  Nazarene  does  not 
make  him  one.  He  may  have  been  born  in 
Bethlehem." 

History  op  the  Chdrcb  op  Christ,  rs  Chronolo- 
gical Tables.  By  Ileury  B.  Smith,  D.D.  New 
York:  Charles  Scribner,  124  Grand  St.  London: 
Sampson  Low,  Son  &  Co.  1859.  For  sale  by  Cros- 
by, jfichols  &  Co. 

Those  who  know  Professor  Smith's  abil- 
ity in  the  department  of  Church  History, 
can  have  no  doubt  of  his  competency  to 
prepare  such  a  work  as  that  before  us.  It 
has  been  anticipated,  since  the  first  an- 
nouncement of  his  undertaking,  that  he 
would  render  a  signal  service  to  all  Chris- 
tian scholars.  We  think  that  the  result 
fully  justifies  the  anticipation.  As  Prof. 
Smith  remarks,  in  his  preface,  none  but 
those  engaged  in  a  similar  undertaking, 
can  be  at  all  aware  of  the  amount  of  labor 
which  these  tables  have  cost  him.  It  is  a 
rare  instance  of  the  modesty  of  genuine 
licholarship — of  the  absence  of  anything 
like  an  ambitious  aim, — that  he  has   been 


willing  to  bring  out  the  hard  toil  of  seven 
years  in  so  unpretending  a  forn-u  Almost 
any  one  would  have  said,  before  hand,  that 
he  was  planning  a  stupendous  drudgery. 
Yet  he  has  carried  out  his  plan — not  only 
patiently,  but  with  unflagging,  and  every- 
where manifested,  love  for  it.  However 
great  the  difficulties  he  encountered,  the 
wilderness  of  dates  and  facts  he  had  to  ex- 
plore, he  has  not,  by  any  means,  produced 
an  unreadable  volume.  It  is  thoroughly 
organic  and  vital.  He  has  not  given  us 
the  mere  bones  of  history,  but  history  it- 
self in  miniature.  The  connections,  pro- 
portions and  life  are  retained.  We  rose, 
after  some  hours  spent  in  perusing  the 
work,  with  such  pleasure  as  we  might  sup- 
pose a  traveller  to  feel — years  after  having 
made  the  tour  of  the  Old  World — upon 
looking  at  a  series  of  stereoscopic  views,  ac- 
curately representing  the  scenes  he  had 
Adsited.  All  our  historical  knowledge,  in 
connection  with  the  Church,  was  refreshed ; 
much  that  we  never  knew — and  which  Ave 
suspect  but  few  ministers  know — was 
brought  under  notice ;  and  the  various 
items  were  so  well  chosen,  as  immediately 
to  suggest  a  vast  amount  of  information  not 
in  the  text.  We  only  suggest  that  in  the 
next  edition  he  should  correct  the  state- 
ment connecting  Sabellianism  with  the 
name  of  the  Plummer  Professor  in  Harvard 
College. 

The  author,  of  course,  preserves  his  in- 
dividuality, as  it  regards  philosophy,  the- 
ology, and  denominational  \iews.  He 
writes  from  his  own  stand  point,  and  uses 
the  phraseology  to  which  he  is  accustomed. 
Some  may  regret  this,  but  we  have  no 
doubt  that  Professor  Smith  is  conscious  of 
having  endeavored  to  be  fair  toward  all 
parties. 

Some  idea  of  what  the  learned  author 
has  done  may  be  gained  by  simply  glancing 
at  the  General  Index.  This  alone  would 
make  some  sixty  pages,  in  the  large  octavo 
form.  The  Appendix  to  the  work  must 
have  cost  a  great  amount  of  care  and  la- 
bor. In  it  is  a  chronological  list  of  coun- 
cils, equal  to  more  than  twenty  octavo 
pages.  It  also  contains  an  alphabetical  list 
of  the  papers,  together  with  the  dates  at 
the  beginning  and  end  of  each  pontificate. 
And  to  this  series  is  joined  a  list  of  anti- 
popes,  of  pati'iarchs  and  other  dignitaries  in 
the  various  Oriental  Churches  of  the   An- 


80 


Literary  Notices. 


[Jan. 


glican  bishops    and    archbishops,    and  so 
forth. 

The  body  of  the  work  consists  of  sixteen 
Tables, — the  last  two  of  which  are  supple- 
mentary, and  devoted  to  the  history  of 
Christianity  in  America.  Of  the  other 
fourteen  Tables,  five  are  devoted  to  An- 
cient, five  to  Mediseval,  and  four  to  Mod- 
em Church  History.  Each  of  these  divis- 
ions is  further  divided  into  two  general  pe- 
riods. This  plan  strikes  us  as  eminently 
simple  and  natural ;  and  the  limits  of  the 
different  periods  are  so  chosen  as  to  be,  in 
every  instance,  a  kind  of  historical  summit. 
The  reader  finds  himself  carried  along  from 
one  hight  to  another,  and  at  each  resting- 
place  the  principal  objects  in  the  plain  be- 
low, are  pointed  out  to  him.  We  have 
space  to  verify  this  remark,  only  by  a  brief 
reference  to  one  of  the  Tables.  Let  us 
take  the  first,  from  A.  D.  1,  to  180 ;  sub- 
ject, the  Apostolic  Church.  Here  we  have 
four  large  folio  pages.  The  first  page  has 
three  columns  of  matter ;  one  devoted  to 
the  general  characteristics  of  the  period, 
another  giving  the  contemporaneous  history, 
and  the  other  containing  a  summary  of  the 
culture  and  literature.  The  second  i^age  is 
devoted  to  the  external  history  of  the  Apos- 
tolic Church ;  showing  it  in  its  connection 
with  the  Roman  Empire  in  one  column,  and 
its  growth,  and  who  were  its  founders  and 
fathers,  in  a  second,  and  a  third  column. 
On  the  third  and  fourth  pages,  we  have  the 
internal  history  in  six  columns,  devoted 
respectively  to  Church  literature.  Church 
polity,  worship  and  ritual,  discipline  and 
monasticism,  doctrines  and  controversy, 
heresies  and  schisms.  All  these  topics  are 
carried  along  in  a  synchronistic  form,  in 
parallel  cokunns,  so  that  each  is  continu- 
ally throwing  light  upon  the  others ;  and 
by  a  skilful  device,  making  the  margins  on 
the  first  and  fourth  pages  do  double  service, 
the  awkwardness  of  an  inserted  leaf  is  al- 
most entirely  prevented,  thus  securing  the 
advantages  of  a  single  map  without  the  in- 
conveniences which  would  necessarily  re- 
sult from  its  size.  The  comparative  impor- 
tance of  the  facts  given,  is  indicated  neatly 
by  the  type,  and  the  dates  about  which 
there  is  any  question,  are  marked  doubtful. 
All  the  Tables  are  constructed  on  the  same 
general  plan,  but  each  one  is  modified  in  its 
details  to  suit  the  exigences  of  the  period  it 
covers. 


We  need  not  bespeak  a  friendly  notice 
of  this  work  from  scholars.  It  will  make 
its  ovvn  friends.  Any  student  of  history, 
having  examined  it,  will  deem  it  a  neces- 
sity thenceforth. 

The  Works  of  Nathanael  Emmons,  D.D.,  Third 
Pastor  of  the  Church  in  Franklin,  Ms.  With  a 
Memoir  of  his  Life.  Edited  by  Jacob  Ide,  D.D. 
A'ol.  II.  8vo.  pp.  838.  Boston :  Congregational 
Board  of  Publication.     1860. 

A  new  and  enlarged  edition  of  the  Life 
and  Works  of  this  great  American  divine 
has  long  been  demanded.  Through  the 
generosity  of  a  benevolent  individual,  as 
we  learn,  the  Congregational  Board  of  Pub- 
lication is  at  length  enabled  to  meet  that 
demand,  in  the  issue  of  an  edition  compri- 
sing si.x  such  volumes  as  this.  The  first, 
mainly  taken  up  with  a  Memoir  of  his  life, 
is  not  yet  completed,  and  will  probaby  be 
the  last  to  come  from  the  press.  This  sec- 
ond volume  is  devoted  to  "  Systematic 
Theology."  The  mere  table  of  its  pro- 
found and  ponderous  contents  covers  eight 
pages,  which  may  be  epitomized  thus  : — 
God  ;  Divine  Revelation  ;  The  Trinity  ; 
The  Standard  of  I\Ioral  Obligation  ;  The 
Revealed  Character  of  God  ;  Decrees  of 
God ;  Divine  and  Human  Agency ;  An- 
gels ;  Original  State  of  ^lan ;  Apostacy  of 
Man ;  The  Present  State  of  ^SLin ;  The 
Character  of  Christ ;  The  Works  of  Christ ; 
the  whole  di\dded  into  thirteen  parts,  em- 
bracing fifty-five  Sermons  and  Essays. 
The  remaining  theological  topics  compris- 
ed in  the  system,  will  fill  another  volume 
of  equal  size,  or  about  400  pages  more  than 
it  has  in  the  previous  edition.  It  is  no  part 
of  our  design,  in  this  brief  notice,  to  dis- 
cuss the  theology  of  Dr.  Emmons.  In  its 
mechanical  execution,  this  edition  of  his 
works  is  all  that  the  most  fastidious  could 
desire. 

The  Book  op  the  twelve  Minor  Prophets,  translated 
ft-om  the  original  Hebrew.  With  a  Coninifntary, 
critical,  philological,  and  e.xegetical  ;  by  E.  Iteu- 
dorson,  D  D.  With  a  biograpliic.al  sketch  of  the 
Author  ;  by  E,  P.  Barrows,  Hitchcock  Professor  in 
Audover  Theological  Somiuary.  Aiidaver:  War- 
ren F.  Draper.  For  .sale  by  Messrs.  Crosby,  Nich- 
ols &  Co.,  18(30,  8vo.  pp.  x.KX,  458. 

Dr.  Henderson  Avas  theological  tutor  at 
Highbury  from  1830  to  18.30,  having  been 
previously  four  years  filling  the  same  office 
at  the  Missionary  College  at  Hoxton  ;  and 
having  been  fitted  for  both  chairs  by  previ- 
ous years  of  travel  and  study  abroad. 
After  Highbury  was  absorbed  into  the 
present  Institution  at  St,  John's  Woodi 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


81 


Dr.  Henderson  undertook  the  pastorate  at 
Mortlake,  in  Surrey  ;  but  was  compelled, 
by  declining  health,  to  resigii  his  charge 
after  the  service  of  a  year  and  a  quarter, 
and  at  Mortlake  he  died,  on  the  16th  May, 
1858,  at  the  age  of  73. 

This  beautiful  volume — one  of  the  most 
finely  printed  books  we  have  ever  seen 
from  the  American  press — is,  by  far.  Dr. 
Henderson's  most  elaborate,  and  important 
work.  It  is  admirable  in  its  natural  ren- 
dering of  the  Hebrew,  and  in  its  fidelity 
in  comment  to  the  literal  and  honest  sense 
of  the  original.  Indeed  this  is  his  nearest 
approach  to  a  fault,  that  he  sometimes  is 
overmuch  careful  to  restrict  prophecy  to 
that  sense  which  seems  specific  to  it  as  a 
fulfilment. 

There  is  no  volume  which  can  take  the 
place  of  this  to  the  student  of  these  final 
books  of  the  Old  Testament. 

Here  and  Retoxd.  or  the  New  Man,  the  True  Man, 
by  Ilugh  Smith  Carpenter.  New  York  :  published 
by  Mason  Brothers,  1859. 

Twenty-three  chapters  upon  twenty- 
three  subjects,  named  and  treated  in  the 
author's  most  peculiar  manner.  The  sense 
is  always  obvious  ;  the  connection  of  sub- 
jects sometimes  less  clear  ;  now  and  then  is 
an  offense  against  good  taste,  and  all  along 
a  feeling  pervades  you,  that  a  man  who 
could  write  so  well,  ought  to  write  better. 
This  book,  however,  may  be  read  with 
profit  for  its  suggestive  qualities,  for  its 
novel  modes  of  stating  old  and  new  truths, 
for  its  great  fertility  of  illustration,  and 
for  its  alliterative,  piquant,  and  nervous 
style.  We  are  glad  occasionally  to  meet 
such  a  book. 

Memoir  op  Rev.  IIenet  Lobdell,  M.  D.,  late  Mission- 
ary of  the  American  Board  at  Mosul,  including  the 
early  history  of  the  Assyrian  Mission  ;  by  Rev.  W. 
E.  Tyler.  D.  D,,  Graves  Professor  of  Greek  in  Am- 
herst College.  Boston  :  published  by  the  Ameri- 
can Tract  Society,  28  Cornhill. 

This  volume  of  414  pages,  is  full  of  in- 
cident, instructive  and  edifying.  Dr.  Lob- 
dell fell  early  on  his  field  of  moral  con- 
flict. He  accomplished  very  much  for  the 
advancement  of  that  cause  to  Avhich  he  de- 
voted the  energies  of  a  strong  and  well  dis- 
ciplined mind.  There  is  less  of  what  seems 
almost  the  romantic,  in  his,  than  in  the 
life  of  Dr.  Grant,  but  not  less  of  earnest 
and  well  directed  zeal,  in  his  chosen  work. 
We  can  but  regard  this  as  a  valuable  con- 
tribution to  the  foreign  Missionary  cause. 
Every  young  man  should  read  this  book, 


especially  every  one  in  a  course  of  educa- 
tion. 

The  Sisters  :  a  Memoir  of  Elizabeth  II.,  Abbie  A., 
and  Sarah  F.  Dickerman.  By  Rev.  Israel  P.  War- 
ren. Boston  :  Published  by  the  (original)  Ameri- 
can Tract  Society. 

A  charming  little  book,  of  283  pages, 
most  neatly  executed.  It  should  go  into 
every  family,  especially  where  there  are 
daughters.  The  subjects  of  this  Memoir, 
are  from  the  •'ordinary  walks"  of  life, 
with  no  particular  advantages.  Each  made 
her  mark,  acquired  and  accomplished 
much,  and  all  went  early  to  their  reward. 
The  work  of  the  compiler  is  well  done,  and 
the  Society  is  doing  good  service  in  bring- 
ing such  books  to  the  easy  command  of  the 
public. 

Gotthold's  Emblems,  or  Invisible  Things  understood 
by  things  that  are  made.  By  Christian  Scriver, 
Siinister  of  Magdeburg  in  1671  ;  translated  from 
the  twenty-eighth  German  edition,  by  the  Kev. 
Robert  Menzies,  Iloddam,  England.  Boston :  Gould 
&  Lincoln,  12mo  pp.  316. 

Gould  &  Lincoln  have  done  the  Church 
a  service  in  publishing  •'  Gotthold's  Em- 
blems." We  have  studied  the  English  Edi- 
tion with  great  pleasure,  and,  we  hope, 
profit,  and  we  rejoice  to  see  this  vol- 
ume. It  is  a  work,  in  which  every  day 
occurrences,  or  natural  phenomena,  are 
made  to  point  spiritual  illustrations  of  a 
kind,  which  by  their  simplicity,  deep 
piety,  and  true  fervor,  are  well  calculated 
to  minister  vital  nourishment  to  Chris- 
tians. We  only  regret  that  this  volume 
omits  a  part  of  the  English  edition,  though 
the  hint  that  a  second  may  follow,  we  have 
no  doubt,  will  soon  be  fulfilled. 

The  Gospel  in  Leviticus  :  or  an  E,xposition  of  the 
Hebrew  Ritual.  By  Joseph  A.  Sei.ss,  D.  D.,  Author 
of  '•  Lectures  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews," 
"  The  Last  Time,"  etc.  Philadelphia  :  Lindsay  & 
Blakiston,  1860,  12mo.  pp.  403. 

We  have  not  had  opportunity  to  read  as 
thoroughly  as  we  wish.  Dr.  Seiss's  "  Gos- 
pel in  Leviticus,"  but  so  far  as  we  have 
examined  it,  we  like  both  its  design  and 
execution.  It  is  an  attempt  to  present, 
in  a  popular  style,  (and  the  book  is  a  col- 
lection of  Sabbath  evening  discourses,) 
the  features  of  the  Gospel  as  portrayed  in 
the  old  Jewish  rites,  and  with  good  success. 
Perhaps,  we  should  except,  now  and  then, 
to  some  explanations,  as  carried  too  far, 
and  possibly  our  readers  will  differ  as  to 
some  of  its  theology  ;  but  the  book  has  the 
Gospel  in  it,  is  written  with  ability,  and  is 
calculated  to  do  good. 


82 


Literary  Notices. 


[Jan. 


Christian  Believing  and  Living  ;  Sermons  by  F.  D. 
Huntington,  D.  D.,  Preacher  to  the  University, 
and  Plummer  Professor  of  Christian  Morals  in  Har- 
vard College.  Boston:  Crosby,  Nichols  &  Co., 
1860,  12mo.  pp.  528. 

Coming  into  our  hands  just  as  these  no- 
tices were  called  for  by  the  printer,  we  can 
hardly  do  more  than  merely  announce  the 
issue  of  this  volume,  and  intimate,  that 
both  in  its  essential  elements  of  interest, 
and  in  its  revelation  of  the  thoroughly 
Trinitarian  position  of  its  distinguished 
author,  it  will  claim  a  large  share  of  pub- 
lic attention.  The  twentieth  discourse  has, 
as  its  theme,  "  Life,  salvation,  and  comfort 
for  man  in  the  Divine  Trinity, "  and  with  its 
copious  notes,  will,  we  presume,  leave  no 
doubt  upon  any  mind,  as  to  the  belief  of  its 
author.  All  must  admire  the  truly  catho- 
lic and  Christian  spirit  in  which  the  sub- 
ject is  handled.  We  think  the  volume  of 
special  interest  to  all  who  hold  the  ancient 
faith,  that  they  may  see  how  this  gifted 
mind  accepts  and  rejoices  in  it. 

Sermons  preached  at  the  Dedication  of  the  Broad- 
way Tabernacle,  New  York,  Sunday,  April  24, 
1859.  I.  The  Prominence  of  the  Atonement,  by 
Prof.  Edwards  A.  Park,  D.  D.  11.  The  Assembly 
of  Christians  the  Temple  of  God,  by  Richard  S. 
Storrs,  Jr.,  D.  D.  III.  Preaching  the  Gospel  the 
Grand  Function  of  the  Minister,  by  Joseph  P. 
Thompson,  D.  D.,  to  which  are  added.  Historical 
Sketches  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle  and  a  formal 
Dedication  of  the  House.  New  York  :  N.  A.  Calk- 
ins, 348  Broadway. 

Three  li^ing  and  masterly  efforts  by  three 
able  and  true  men.  The  -first,  may  have 
been  heard  by  thousands  ;  it  should  be  read 
by  millions.  The  second,  is  after  its  au- 
thor's best  manner,  which  is  saying  enough 
for  it.  The  third,  has  the  writer's  character- 
istics, lucid,  faithful,  earnest  and  bold. 
The  conception  of  publishing  this  volume 
M'as  a  happy  one,  and  the  execution  is  ad- 
mirable.    It  ought  to  have  a  large  sale. 

A  Commemorative  Discourse,  delivered  at  Boscawen, 
N.  H.,  on  occasion  of  the  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of 
the  New  Hampshire  General  Association,  August 
25,  1859,  by  Nathaniel  Bouton,  D.  D.,  Pastor  of 
the  First  Church  in  Concord  Concord,  N.  H.  : 
Steam  Printing  Works  of  McFarlaud  &  Jeuks, 
1859,  8vo.  pp.  79. 

"When   the  General   Association  of  Xew 

Hampshire,   was   about    to    commemorate 

its  fiftieth  anniversary,   in  selecting  Rev. 

Dr.  Bouton  to  prepare  the  address,  it  did  a 

very  wise  thing  ;  and  Rev.  Dr.  Bouton  did 

a  very  excellent  thing  when  he  delivered  it. 

Two  of  our  number  heard  the  address,  in 

common  with  the  throng  gathered  on  that 

occasion,  and  our  pleasure  then  is   hight- 

encd  in   carefully  reading  the   facts  which 


the  author  has  industriously  collected,  ad- 
mirably grouped,  and  pervaded  with  such 
an  earnest,  Christian  spirit.  Numerous  bi- 
ographical notes  upon  New  Hampshire 
ministers,  a  list  of  officers  and  preachers 
at  the  various  sessions  of  the  General  Asso- 
ciation, Daniel  Webster's  Confession  of 
Faith,  and  a  list  of  pastors  who  have  re- 
tired after  thirty  years'  service,  are  ap- 
pended,— which,  with  the  history  which 
forms  the  main  part  of  the  discourse,  ex- 
hausts the  subject.  We  are  glad  to  hear 
that  a  second  edition  is  already  called  for. 

Historical  Manual  op  the  South  Church  in  Ando- 
VER,  Mass.,  pp.  197.     Audover  :  1859. 

This  manual  has  a  value  far  beyond  the 
promise  made  in  its  title  page.  Henceforth, 
whatever  may  befall  the  records  of  the 
South  Church  in  Andover,  or  even  the 
Church  itself, — though  both  were  blotted 
from  the  earth — its  history  for  a  hundred 
and  fifty  years  is  safe.  And  in  that  history 
is  embraced  an  amount  of  instruction  rare- 
ly condensed  into  so  small  a  space.  Should 
every  pastor  "go  and  do  likewise,"  what 
a  vast  accumulation  of  historic  materials — 
not  rubbish,  but  choice,  selected  materials 
— would  be  accumulated  for  the  use  of 
some  master  mind,  yet  to  arise,  in  the  de- 
partment of  ecclesiastical  history. 

The  compiler  of  this  manual,  Rev.  Geo. 
IMooar,  the  present  pastor,  is  fortunate  in 
his  predecessors.  They  must  have  been 
remarkably  attentive  to  the  state  of  the 
flock,  and  not  less  remarkably  apt  to 
minute  it  down.  No  living  man  could 
otherwise  have  made  the  book.  We  can 
speak  the  more  feelingly  on  this  point  from 
the  remembrance  we  have  of  finding  a  forty 
years'  chasm  in  the  Church  records  (the 
whole  ministerial  lifetime  of  a  predecessor) 
Avhen  we  were  attempting  once  to  compile 
such  a  manual.  The  catalogue  of  members, 
numbering  2,177,  indicates  the  date  and 
manner  of  admission — whether  by  ^^rofes- 
sion  or  letter  ;  the  date  and  manner  of  re- 
moval— whether  by  death,  dismission,  or 
excommunication  ;  generally  the  age  of  the 
deceased,  and,  if  females  who  married  du- 
ring their  membership,  the  names  of  their 
husbands.  We  have  never  seen  but  one 
list  of  Church  members  more  instructive, 
and  that  was  the  list  kept  by  John  Eliot, 
of  Roxbury,  who  not  only  furnished  all 
these  items,  but  added  the  leading  incidents 
in  the  life  of  each,  especially  such  as  could 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


83 


be   classed   under  the   head  of   "  remark- 
ables,"  in  their  religious  experience. 

Fadixo  Flotvers  :  l?y  Meta  Lander.  Author  of  "  The 
Broken  Bud,"  "  Blossoms  of  Childhood,"  "Light 
on  the  Dark  J{iver,"  etc.  Boston  :  J.  E.  Tilton  & 
Co.,  12mo.  pp.  288. 

In  Fading  Flowers,  the  ^lessrs.  Tilton 
have  published  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
■works,  as  to  outward  appearance,  we  have 
ever  seen,  and  one  of  the  most  touching 
collections  of  such  poems  as  minister  com- 
fort to  bereaved  parents,  or  cheer  in  watch- 
ing by  departing  little  ones.  A  discrim- 
inating selection  has  arranged  the  contents 
under  the  heads  of  "  Introductory  Pieces," 
"Yigils  over  sick  and  dying  Children," 
"  Words  to  dying  Children,"  •'  Voices  of 
dying  Children,"  "The  Mother's  Grief," 
and  "  Litanies."  Here  and  there,  an  ori- 
ginal poem  by  the  compiler  (and  it  is  no 
secret  that  "  Meta  Lander"  is  !Mrs.  Marga- 
ret Woods  Lawrence,)  shows  that  she  is 
qualified  for  such  a  work,  both  as  having 
poetic  taste,  and  as  one  of  tho.se  who  ' '  pas- 
sing through  the  valley  of  Baca,  make  it 
a  well." 

Webster's  Pictorial,  an  American  Dictionary  of 
THE  English  Language,  by  Noah  Webster,  LL.  D. 
Revised  and  enlarged  by  Chauneey  A.  Goodrich, 
Professor  in  Yale  College.  To  which  are  now  ad- 
ded Pictorial  Illustrations,  T.ables  of  Synonyms, 
Peculiar  Use  of  Words  and  Terms  in  the  Bible, 
Appendix  of  New  Words,  Pronouncing  Table  of 
Names  of  distinguished  Persons,  AbbreTiations, 
Latin.  French,  Italian  and  Spanish  Phrases,  etc. 
Springfield:  G.  &  C.  Merriam,  1859. 

Our  earliest  recollections  are  associated 
with  the  name  and  fame  of  Noah  Webster. 
His  Spelling  Book ;  his  compendious  Dic- 
tionary of  1806 ;  his  Quarto,  in  two  vol- 
umes, of  1828 ;  his  second  edition,  Royal 
Octavo,  in  two  volumes,  of  1840  ;  then,  the 
Unabridged  ;  and  now  last,  not  least,  the 
Pictorial,  have  been,  successively,  in  our 
hands,  or  within  our  easy  command,  for 
almost  half  a  century.  Other  primary 
books  and  definers  have  not  been  ignored, 
but  none  have  supplanted  these.  The 
W'ebsterian  is  our  standard.  And  were 
not  the  Pictorial  so  much  an  improvement 
upon  the  Unabridged,  we  should  have  re- 
ceived the  latter  as  sufficiently  complete. 
And  now  we  are  persuaded  that  if  any- 
thing more  is  essential  in  our  English  Lex- 
icography, the  Editors  and  Publishers  of 
Webster  are  the  men  to  discover  and  give 
it  to  the  public  in  the  shortest  time  and 
cheapest  form.  They  have  a  prestige  and 
a  foundation  in  exact,   clear,  and   original 


definitions,  in  etymological  derivations,  and 
in  philosophical  and  common  sense  orthog- 
raphy, which  give  them  facilities  not  easily 
secured.  And  whatever  of  ripe  scholar- 
ship, or  of  mental  discipline,  or  of  wide 
and  careful  research,  or  of  time,  money,  and 
enterprise  may  be  wanting,  will  be  furnish- 
ed, to  keep  AYebster's  Dictionary  as  far  in 
advance  of  any  that  may  be  produced,  as 
it  is  now  in  advance  of  any  that  has  yet 
appeared. 

The  new  features  in  the  present  edition, 
cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated.  Subordina- 
ting the  pictorial  art  to  the  work  of  defining 
and  illustrating  was  a  happy  design.  The 
execution  here  is  admirable.  The  classify- 
ing and  grouping  of  kindred  objects  is  a 
decided  convenience.  Terms  and  illustra- 
tions of  Botany,  of  Architecture,  &c.,  are 
together,  and  seen  at  one  glance,  each  re- 
ferring to  the  page  in  the  text,  and  from 
the  text  a  star  guides  us  to  the  picture.  Be- 
ing thus  grouped,  they  are  printed  on  su- 
perior paper,  which  develops  their  charac- 
teristics, and  marks  their  outlines  as  could 
not  otherwise  have  been.  Prof.  Goodrich 
has  added  a  new  monument  to  his  literary 
fame  by  his  Table  of  Synonyms.  Few 
men  are  so  well  qualified  for  such  an  un- 
dertaking, and  no  man  would  work  more 
patiently,  or  discriminate  more  exactly,  or 
arrange  more  judiciously  such  a  table.  It 
is  just  what  is  wanted,  and  where  it  is 
wanted.  It  has  been  a  labor  of  ten  years, 
to  gather  the  more  than  nine  thousand  new 
words  whicli  have  been  added,  and  neither 
labor  nor  expense  have  been  spared  to  in- 
clude all  that  deserves  a  place  in  our  lan- 
guage. The  Tables,  giving  the  pronuncia- 
tion of  8000  names  of  distinguished  per- 
sons of  modern  times,  and  the  peculiar  use 
of  words,  phrases,  &c.,  in  the  Bible  are 
valuable  additions.  And  then,  the  low 
price,  $6.50,  at  wliich  all  can  be  secured ! 
This  places  Webster,  "last  and  best," 
within  the  reach  of  every  one.  And  it 
seems  to  us — the  facts  that  so  large  a  pro- 
portion of  the  school  books  and  periodicals 
of  our  country,  are  essentially  AYebsterian 
in  their  orthography,  and  that  Webster 
holds  the  place  cf  ultimate  appeal  in  our 
courts  of  justice  and  public  debates — to- 
gether with  the  well  and  widely  knoAvn  en- 
terprise and  ability  of  the  Messrs.  Merriam 
ought  to  proclaim  a  truce,  and  will  put  an 
end  to  the  "  war  of  Dictionaries." 


84 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[Jan. 


oit0r£0ijli0iral   IT^troIogy. 


Rev.  EBENEZER  COLMAN,  died  at 
Detroit,  Michigan,  June  15th,  1859,  aged 
69  years  and  4  months. 

He  was  bom  in  Ashby,  Ms. ;  graduated 
at  Brown  University,  in  1815,  with  proofs 
of  distinguished  scholarship.  He  studied 
theology  at  Rindge,  N.  H.,  under  Rev. 
Seth  Payson.  After  three  years,  he  was 
ordained  pastor  at  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  on 
which  occasion  his  venerable  instructor 
delivered  the  sermon,  from  the  text :  *♦  Am 
I  therefore  become  your  enemy  because  I 
tell  you  the  truth  r  "  Gal.  iv  :  16.  From 
this  time  he  entered  at  once  upon  his  work, 
to  which  he  most  faithfully  devoted  himself 
for  forty  years  of  his  life ;  laboring  in  vari- 
ous portions  of  Rhode  Island  and  New 
Hampshire,  until  1842,  when  he  removed 
to  Western  New  York,  where  he  remained 
until  1855.  The  last  three  years  of  his 
ministry  were  spent  in  connection  with  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Lamoile,  Illi- 
nois, usefully  and  pleasantly. 

The  development  of  an  apoplectic  form 
of  disease,  led  his  physician  to  enjoin  upon 
him  a  cessation  of  labor,  which,  with  great 
reluctance,  and  at  the  repeated  solicitations 
of  his  family  and  friends,  he  obeyed.  He 
passed  the  last  year  at  the  residence  of  his 
daughter  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  quietness 
and  peace;  with  nothing,  save  regret  at 
being  laid  by  from  liis  work  before  death,  to 
disturb  the  "  perfect  peace"  of  his  calmly 
flowing  life.  As  he  had  anticipated,  the 
summons  came  suddenly,  as  the  bolt  from 
the  cloud ;  but  he  had  long  been  ready. 
On  the  same  day  he  had  attended  as  usual, 
the  morning  prayer  meeting,  leading  in 
singing  and  engaging  in  prayer.  In  the 
afternoon,  as  he  was  conversing  with  his 
wife,  he  suddenly  became  unconscious,  and 
stood  at  once  in  the  presence  of  that  Saviour 
whom  he  had  long  delighted  to  honor. 

Mr.  Colman  was  highly  esteemed  among 
the  people  of  his  charge,  and  invariably 
commanded  respect  and  confidence  for  his 
sterling  uprightness,  and  the  kindness  and 
earnestness  of  his   daily  life.     To  a  mind 


naturally  scholarly  he  added  great  scrip- 
tural knowledge,  fervent  piety  and  most 
unwavering  faith.  As  the  faithful  pastor, 
he  had  the  unspeakable  satisfaction  of  see- 
ing many  souls  converted  from  the  error  of 
their  ways.  His  preaching  was  earnest, 
convincing,  solemn ;  and  was  attended 
with  several  seasons  of  re\i\ing.  In  after 
years,  a  lady,  not  an  acquaintance,  infonn- 
ed  him  that  the  very  first  sermon  which  he 
ever  preached,  (in  Greenfield,  N.  H.)  was 
the  means  of  her  own  conversion. 

From  his  ministerial  brethren  has  come 
the  testimonial  that  he  was  well-beloved, 
wise  in  counsel,  a  good  minister  of  Christ, 
nourished  in  the  words  of  faith  and  sound 
doctrine.  Yet  was  he  ever  the  humble 
Christian,  ready  at  all  times  to  minister  to 
the  most  needy  of  the  flock,  hoping  for 
nothing  in  return.  Thus  he  was  knoAvn 
by  a  life  of  labor  for  Christ  and  the  Church, 
till  gathering  years  and  failing  strength  ad- 
monished him  that  the  summons  of  the 
^Master  was  not  far. 

"While  his  bereaved  widow  and  children 
moum  a  husband  and  father,  kind  and  ami- 
able in  all  his  relations,  and  for  whose 
mild  reproof  or  approval  they  shall  hence- 
forth look  in  vain,  they  most  surely  know 
that  for  him  the  daily  lessening  strength 
and  the  transitory  scenes  of  this  world, 
have  been  most  happily  exchanged  for  ful- 
ness of  joy  in  the  presence  of  his  Lord. 


Mrs.  S^VRAH  HILLS  ADAMS,  wife  of 
Rev.  George  M.  Adams  of  Conway,  Mass., 
and  daughter  of  the  late  James  Crosby  of 
Bangor,  Maine,  died  at  Conway,  Sabbath 
evening,  Sept.  4,  1859. 

She  was  born  at  Bangor,  March  24,  1828. 
Aug.  27,  1848,  she  became  a  member  of  the 
First  Congregational  Church  in  her  na- 
tive place.  She  was  man-ied  and  com- 
menced her  residence  in  Conway,  in  Jan. 
1852.  She  entered  fully  into  the  interests 
of  the  people  of  her  new  home,  and  won 
the  affection  of  all  classes  of  the  communi- 
ty, in   an   unusiud  degiee.    Her  own  at- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology. 


85 


tachmeiit  to  them  grew  stronger  and 
sti'onger,  and  expressed  itself  among  her 
last  words.  She  especially  bore  on  her 
heart  their  spiritual  welfare,  and  in  seasons 
of  re\'ival,  her  joy  was  full.  Some  scenes 
are  now  cherished,  never  to  be  forgotten  by 
surviving  friends  ;  as  when,  for  example, 
one  after  another  came  to  unfold  their 
feelings  to  their  pastor,  and  at  every  step  at 
the  door,  her  joy  and  gratitude  to  God 
grew  brighter  and  higher ;  or,  when,  du- 
ring her  protracted  illness,  Christian  friends 
returned  from  the  house  of  prayer,  to  tell 
of  the  evidence  of  the  Holy  SjDirit's  pres- 
ence, and  she  drank  in  the  intelligence  with 
rising  delight,  until  her  face  shone,  as  it 
had  been  the  face  of  an  angel. 

For  the  last  ftve  years  of  her  life,  her 
health  was  gradually  declining.  She  was 
by  nature  very  cautious,  inclined  to  scru- 
tinize her  own  feelings  with  jealous  care  ; 
and,  doubtless,  her  native  sweetness  of  tem- 
per, and  her  early  habits,  formed  under 
careful  Christian  teaching,  had  made  the 
change  at  conversion  so  little  marked  in 
outward  respects,  as  sometimes  to  lead  her 
to  doubt  its  genuineness.  To  this  there 
was  added  a  deep  and  humiliating  convic- 
tion of  her  own  utter  sinfulness  in  God's 
sight ;  so  that  although  the  under  current 
of  her  feelings  M-as  cheerful  and  trusting, 
there  were  many  times  in  her  protracted 
sufferings,  when  she  could  say  :  •'  Will  you 
pray  that  if  it  be  God's  will,  He  will  give 
me  clear  views  of  Himself  and  of  my  own 
sinfulness,  and  cheer  my  soul  with  some 
assurance  that  I  am  forgiven,  instead  of 
these  occasional  gleams  of  light.  But  if 
this  be  not  His  will,  jDray  that  I  may  truly 
trust  Him,  even  in  the  dark.  I  think  this 
is  my  strongest  desire." 

But  it  is  the  precious  promise  of  the 
Master :  "  My  grace  is  sufficient  for  thee ;  " 
"As  thy  day,  so  shall  thy  strength  be." 
And  when  the  shadow  of  death  was  ad- 
vancing over  this  lovely  disciple,  she  coidd 
Avhisper  :  "  Jesus  seems  like  an  old  friend. 
But  I  have  wandered  away  from  him.  Tell 
everybody  not  to  wander  away  from  liim  ; 
you  M'ill,  won't  you  r  "  "I  feel  more  than 
I  have  before  that  Jesus  is  my  Saviour,  and 
that  he  will  take  care  of  me.  I  can  trust 
myself  in  his  hands." 

VOL.  II.  11 


]\rrs.  HARIIIET  O.  PEIIKINS,  wife  of 
Rev.  F.  T.  Perkins,  and  daughter  of  Dea. 
Nathaniel  Olmstead,  of  New  Haven,  Ct., 
was  born  in  Farmington,  Ct.,  March  29, 
ISlo  ;  married  October  18,  1842;  and  died 
in  Williarasburgh,  Ms.,  Sept.  9,  1859, 
aged  44. 

She  was  of  a  delicate  organization,  with 
refined  sensibilities,  an  active  mind,  a  so- 
cial nature  ;  rare  powers  of  conversation, 
great  kindness  of  heart,  and  an  irrepressi- 
ble desire  to  be  doing  good. 

Her  religious  character  was  very  marked 
and  happy.  The  cliild  of  many  prayers 
and  much  pious  counsel,  she  M-as  often, 
even  in  early  life,  deeply  affected  by 
thoughts  of  her  sinfulness  and  enmity  to 
God ;  but  saw  no  beauty  in  the  Saviour, 
and  sought  peace  in  forgetfulness  of  the 
future,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  pre- 
sent. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen,  her  consciousness  of 
opposition  to  God  became  overwhelming  ; 
the  conflict  between  her  soul  and  God  was 
fearful ;  despair  began  to  prevail  over  her  ; 
her  strength  failed,  and  life  itself  seemed 
about  to  give  way  ;  when  at  a  morning 
prayer-meeting,  early  in  the  year  1831, 
her  rebellious  will  bowed  sweetly  to  God, 
A  calm  and  holy  peace  succeeded  the  ra- 
ging tempest.  Her  face  beamed  with  joy 
and  gladness.  From  that  hour  of  dawning 
light,  she  hardly  knew  a  cloud  of  des- 
pondency or  shadow  of  doubt.  She  united 
with  the  Chapel  Street  Church,  New  Ha- 
ven, in  the  spring  of  1831.  Thenceforward, 
her  path  was  as  the  "  shining  light  that 
shineth  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect 
day." 

In  her  family  she  was  eminent  for  wis- 
dom and  efficiency.  She  entered  M'ith  all 
her  energies  into  the  labors  and  interests 
of  her  husband  ;  continually  encouraging 
and  aiding  him  in  his  professional  studies 
and  labors,  by  her  counsels,  criticisms  and 
prayers.  "When  trials  came,  her  weakness 
took  on  strength,  and  helped  him  to  bear 
them.  AVhcn  confined  at  home,  as  she  of- 
ten was  by  suffering  and  illness,  her  fervent 
prayers  were  unceasing  for  a  blessing  on 
him  and  his  labors  ;  and  it  had  come  to  be 
a  matter  of  assurance  with  her,  and  of  fact 
to  him,  that,  when  her  heart  was  so  drawn 


86 


Congrcgaiional  Necrology. 


[Jaw. 


out,  a  blessing  was  quite  sure  to  be  grant- 
ed. To  such  prayers  have  been  traced 
several  seasons  of  special  religious  interest, 
and  one  powerful  work  of  grace,  resulting 
in  the  hopeful  conversion  of  about  one  hun- 
dred youths. 

By  her  warm  sympathies  and  free  con- 
versations, she  won  the  confidence  of 
young  convei-ts  ;  and  by  her  dear  knowl- 
edge of  the  workings  of  the  human  heart, 
exerted  a  moulding  influence  over  them. 
From  the  marked  character  of  her  own  ex- 
perience, she  was  led  to  labor  for  a  thor- 
ough work.  The  Sabbath  School  had  her 
heart  and  hand.  For  several  years  before 
her  marriage,  she  Avas  the  efficient  female 
superintendant  of  the  Chapel  Street  Sab- 
bath School,  New  Haven  ;  and  afterwards 
relinquished  her  labors  with  her  bible  class 
only  when  compelled  to  do  so  by  want  of 
strength. 

"Wherever  she  lived,  in  New  Haven  and 
Manchester,  Ct.,  and  in  East  Cambridge 
and  Williamsburgh,  Ms.,  many  will  long 
remember  her  self-denying  labors,  and  her 
disposition  to  do  good  to  all  as  she  had  op- 
portimity.  But  the  female  prayer  meeting 
was  her  favorite  place.  Full  of  thought 
and  feeling,  and  able  to  express  what  she 
thovight  and  felt,  and  intent  on  promoting 
the  DiAiue  life  in  the  heai'ts  of  all,  her  soul 
was  ever  alive,  and  enlivening. 

She  was  repeatedly  called  to  view  death 
as  probably  near,  and  always  with  cheer- 
fulness and  joy.  For  years,  though  desi- 
ring to  live  for  the  comfort  of  her  friends, 
yet,  for  herself,  she  longed  for  death  ;  and 
was  ready  for  its  coming  as  a  friendly  mes- 
senger from  her  precious  Savior,  to  usher 
her  into  his  joyous  presence.  Hence  her 
death,  calm  and  peaceful,  rachant  Avith  faith 
and  hope,  was  full,  not  only  of  consolation, 
but  also  of  Christiair  joy,  for  her  bereaved 
friends. 


Hev.  JOSEPHUS  MORTON,  died  in 
Plymouth,  Wisconsin,  Sept.  15,  1859,  aged 
60  years,  G  months  and  19  days. 

He  was  bom  in  Brookfield,  Vt.,  Feb.  26, 
1799.  At  theage  of  fourteen  he  was  depri- 
ved of  his  father  by  death,  but  the  prayers 
and  instructions  of  a  pious  mother  exerted 
a  continual  influence   upon  him  for  good, 


though  he  did  not  become  a  hopeful  sirb- 
ject  of  renewing  grace  till  he  was  twenty- 
three  years  old.  His  attention  was  then 
turned  to  the  ministry  of  reconciliation  as 
the  business  of  his  life,  and  abandoning  the 
trade  which  he  was  then  pursuing,  he  con- 
nected himself  Avith  the  manual  labor 
school  at  Whitesboro,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
pursued  his  studies  for  three  years.  He 
read  theology  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gale  of 
Whitesboro,  was  licensed  by  the  Black 
River  Association,  and  commenced  preach- 
ing at  Lorraine,  N.  Y. 

In  1833,  he  was  ordained  to  the  Gospel 
ministry,  by  the  Black  River  Association, 
and  soon  after  entered  upon  active  service 
as  a  missionary  at  the  West.  He  preached 
two  years  at  Solon,  Ohio,  a  year  at  Fredo- 
nia,  Mich.,  four  years  at  Somerset,  Mich., 
two  years  at  Unadilla,  Mich.,  two  and  a 
half  years  at  Lybona,  Mich.,  six  months  at 
Salem,  !Mich.,  two  years  at  Wheatland, 
Mich.  In  1854,  he  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
and  labored  at  Plj'mouth,  and  in  the  vicin- 
ity, till  the  closed  of  his  life.  He  was  able 
to  preach  on  the  very  Sabbath  before  his 
death.  One  of  his  last  sermons  was  on 
the  resurrection,  and  it  Avas  remarked  by 
many  of  his  hearers,  that  he  preached  Avith 
more  than  usual  ferA'or.  His  death  Avas 
occasioned  bj'  a  stroke  of  apoplexy. 

He  married  first,  in  February  1S33,  Sarah 
C,  daughter  of  Rev.  Enos  Bliss  of  Lor- 
raine, N.  Y.,  byAvhom  he  had  Mary  E., 
born  Jan.  3d,  1834  ;  Sarah  J.,  bom  Aug. 
17,  1836,  died  in  1852  ;  Harlan  P.,  bom 
Aug.  23,  1838,  died  in  1845.  Mrs.  IMorton 
died  early  in  1853,  and  he  married  again 
in  Oct.  1853,  Tabitha  S,,  daughter  of  Ebe- 
nezer  Wells,  of  Pcacham,  Vt.       r.  h.  av. 


Rev.  ENOS  GEORGE,  Avas  born  in 
Southampton,  N.  H.,  June  2d,  1781.  He 
Avas  the  youngest  of  three  brothers,  and 
his  parents  were  so  desirous  of  keeping  him 
Avith  them,  that  they  promised  him  a  "  good 
farm"  if  he  Avould  remain  at  home.  But 
haA'ing  been  desirous  of  an  education  from 
early  life,  he  left  the  patemal  roof,  and  en- 
tered Atkinson  Academy,  at  the  age  of 
sixteen.  The  Hon.  John  Vose,  a  teacher 
of  celebrity,  was  then  principal  of  that  in- 
stitution.    Here  Mr.  George,  by  his  genius. 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology. 


87 


pleasant  disposition  and  manners,  industri- 
ous hahits  and  ready  wit,  secured  the  fa- 
vor and  confidence  of  his  classmates  and 
teacher.  lie  sustained  himself  by  his  OAvn 
efforts  at  this  Academy,  about  three  years. 
A  considerable  portion  of  his  support  was 
derived  from  an  evening  dancing  school 
which  he  opened  and  continued  for  several 
terms.  But  in  the  19th  year  of  his  age, 
better  notions  of  life  and  duty  began  to  be 
cherished  by  him,  and  he  at  once  gave  up 
this  lucrative,  and  then  not  particularly 
disreputable  emj^loyment.  At  the  close  of 
the  dance  of  the  last  evening  of  the  term, 
he  said  to  his  preceptor,  who  was  present, 
and  to  the  school :  •'  This  forever  closes 
my  services  as  a  teacher  in  dancing." 
About  this  time  he  united  with  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  and  soon  left  the 
Academy  and  commenced  the  study  of  the- 
ology, having  been  persuaded  to  abandon 
his  long  cherished  purpose  of  obtaining  a 
Collegiate  education.  This  step  was  ever 
after,  a  source  of  regret  to  him  and  to  oth- 
ers. 

At  the  age  of  twenty,  he  commenced 
preaching  in  the  Methodist  connection. 
His  first  sermon  was  addressed  to  an  audi- 
ence assembled  in  a  barn.  He  attended  the 
meeting  not  knowing  that  the  appointment 
was  made  for  him  ;  but  on  his  arrival,  he 
was  told  that  he  must  jireach .  He  hesitated, 
doubting  whether  to  attempt  to  speak  or 
leave.  But  the  text,  "I  am  not  ashamed 
of  the  Gospel  of  Christ,"  &c.  (Rom.  i :  16,) 
instantly  occurred  to  his  mind.  He  preach- 
ed and  from  that  time  his  friends  deemed  it 
his  duty  to  prepare  himself  for  the  work  of 
the  ministry. 

Soon  after  this,  he  was  led  to  adopt  the 
doctrinal  \iews  of  Calvin  in  preference  to 
those  of  Arminius,  and  he  consequently 
left  the  ilethodist  connection.  He  now 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  Mr.  Hull,  of 
Amesbury,  Mass.,  and  supported  himself 
by  teaching.  While  thus  engaged,  a  friend 
invited  him  to  go  to  Barnstead,  N.  H.  Li 
May,  1803,  he  left  Salisbury  for  that  place. 
On  entering  the  town,  he  saw  from  an  em- 
inence a  new  meeting  house,  situated  on  a 
plain,  and  surrounded  by  forests.  His 
heart  thrilled  with  joy,  he  said,  mentally  : 
"This   is    my    home."      The    imi^ression 


seemed  prophetic,  for  in  this  house  he 
preached  his  first  and  last  sermons,  be- 
tween which  was  an  interval  of  more  than 
fifty-six  years.  His  first  sermon  in  Barn- 
stead,  was  preached  June  12,  1S08,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two.  He  was  engaged  as  a 
teacher  also,  and  instructed  in  the  town 
more  or  less,  every  year,  for  nearly  thirty 
years.  His  preaching  was  immediately 
followed  by  an  improvement  in  the  morals 
of  the  people,  especially  in  the  observance 
of  the  Sabbath. 

In  the  autumn  a  call  was  extended  to 
him  by  the  people  to  settle  as  Congrega- 
tional minister  in  the  town.  But  there 
being  no  Church,  he  waited  for  further  in- 
dications of  the  Divine  will.  In  the  spring 
of  1804,  three  persons  became  hopefully 
pious  and  five  others  w'ere  revived.  These 
eight  were  organized  into  a  Congregational 
Church,  July  23d,  1804.  The  call  was  re- 
newed, and  he  was  ordained  September  26, 
1804. 

Rev.  Mr.  Ilibbard,  of  New  Hampton, 
made  the  introductory  prayer,  and  Rev. 
INIr.  Hull,  of  Amesbury,  preached  the  ser- 
mon from  II  Cor.  v :  20  ;  "  Now  then  we  are 
ambassadors  for  Christ,"  &c.  Rev.  Mr. 
Balch,  of  Barrington,  made  the  ordaining 
prayer ;  Rev.  Mr.  Kelley,  of  Hampstead, 
gave  the  charge  ;  Rev.  ^Ir.  Tucker,  of  Lou- 
don, gave  the  right  hand  of  fcllowshij),  and 
made  the  concluding  prayer. 

Though  introduced  into  the  ministry  at 
the  early  age  of  twenty-three,  he  appears 
to  have  been  abundant  in  labors.  Nor 
did  he  labor  in  vain.  Revivals  of  re- 
ligion were  repeatedly  enjoyed  by  his 
Church  and  people,  and  the  years  1809, 
'14,  '18,  '19,  '31,  '38,  '42  and  '43,  were 
years  of  the  right  hand  of  the  Most  High  to 
the  people  of  Barnstead.^  To  the  Church, 
since  the  commencement  of  his  labors  at 
B.,  about  400  members  have  been  added, 
of  whom  168  have  died. 

In  the  course  of  liis  ministry.  Rev.  Mr. 
George  solemnized  693  marriages,  officiated 

1  It  is  worthy  of  note,  that  in  the  revival  of  1832, 
Mr.  John  Pitman  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Mr.  6.  upon 

the  stepping  stone  of  his  door,  in  the  presence  of 
many  spectators,  on  the  6th  day  of  May,  the  day  he 
was  100  years  old.  His  wife,  aged  90,  wa.s  received 
as  a  member  of  the  Church  at  the  same  time.  He 
died  Feb.  29,  1834,  aged  101  years.  9  mos.,  20  days. 


88 


Congregational  Necrology/. 


[Jan. 


at  about  1000  funerals — about  800  in  Barn- 
stead  and  more  than  200  in  neighboring 
towns — and  preached  C,96o  times. 

The  most  prominent  features  of  his  min- 
istry were  its  length  and  success.  No  pas- 
torate in  old  Strafford  county,  (which  em- 
braced what  is  now  Strafford,  Belknap  and 
Carrol,)  it  is  believed,  has  been  so  long. 
Yet  its  long  continuance  in  B.  is  not  to  be 
attributed  to  any  want  of  proper  apprecia- 
tion of  his  powers  in  other  places,  for  he 
was  repeatedly  invited  by  other  churches 
to  settle  over  them.  But  he  loved  his  peo- 
ple, and  his  people  loved  him.  And  there 
are  striking  illustrations  of  this  attachment, 
wliich  might  be  mentioned  did  the  limits  of 
this  sketch  allow  it. 

"When  we  compare  Barnstead  as  it  was 
at  the  commencement  of  this  century,  with 
Barnstead  as  it  now  appears,  we  see  reason 
to  rejoice  that  the  life  and  labors  of  our 
venerable  father  in  the  ministry  were  given 
to  this  toAvn.  It  is  an  illustration  of  the 
many  advantages  of  long  pastorates. 

For  some  years  before  his  decease,  his 
health  began  to  fail ;  yet  he  continued  to 
labor  with  some  interruptions,  (one  of 
which,  we  believe,  continued  for  nearly  a 
year)  until  his  last  sickness.  In  this  he 
was  in  gi-cat  bodily  distress,  especiallj'  du- 
ring the  last  few  days  of  his  life.  "  He  bore 
his  sufferings,"  says  llev.  Jeremiah  Blake, 
(from  whom  many  of  these  particulars  are 
received,)  "which  sometimes  amounted  to 
extreme  agony,  with  great  patience  and 
Christian  resignation." 

The  tokens  of  affection  frequently 
brought  in  by  his  people  during  his  sick- 
ness greatly  moved  him,  and  he  said  of 
them :  "  This  is  my  hundred  fold  reward  in 
this  life." 

His  last  interviews  with  his  children  are 
said  by  Rev.  Mr.  Blake  to  "remind  one  of 
the  scene  when  the  Patriarch  Jacob  called 
around  him  his  sons,"  previous  to  his 
death,  to  hear  his  last  words.  And  among 
other  charges  to  his  children,  was  one  to 
adhere  to  the  views  and  practices  of  the 
Congregationalist  denomination.  They  were 
doctrines  and  practices  which,  tlu-ough  the 
Divine  blessing,  had  sustained  him,  and  had 
crowned  his  labors  with  success  ;  and  he 
would  bequeath   them  as  a  rich   legacy  to 


his  descendants.  His  death  took  place 
Oct.  20,  1859  —  having  been  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  Chiirch  in  Barnstead  fifty- 
five  years,  one  month  and  fourteen  days. 
His  funeral  was  attended  on  Tuesday,  Oct. 
25,  by  a  very  large  concourse  of  the  citizens 
of  Barnstead  and  neighboring  towns,  many 
not  being  able  to  enter  the  crowded  house, 
and  a  goodly  number  of  the  clergy  were 
present. 

Rev.  Mr.  George  was  married  July  10th, 
1805  to  ISIiss  Sophia  Chesley,  of  Durham, 
N.  H..  She  was  bom  Nov.  6,  1781,  and 
died  Feb.  13.  1858,  aged  76.  This  union 
was  productive  of  great  happiness.  Nine 
children  were  given  them.  Their  oldest 
three  were  sons,  and  died  in  infancy.  Eliz- 
abeth Mary,  born  September  28,  1808,  mar- 
ried Timothy  E.  Hodgdon,  Barnstead. 
Julia  Ann,  born  June  4,  1810,  married 
Joseph  Emerson,  Fannington.  Sophia 
Jane,  born  January  30,  1812,  married 
Charles  H.  Hodgdon,  Portsmouth.  Frank- 
lin, bom  May  28,  1814,  married  Emma 
Francis  Holland,  of  Jasper  Co.,  Ga., 
where  he  is-  now  a  practising  physician  and 
surgeon.  Charles  Smith,  bom  Sept.  15, 
1816,  married  Almira  C.  Waldron, 
Barnstead;  was  admitted  to  the  New 
Hampshire-Bar  in  1845,  and  noAV  resides 
in  BaiTistead.  Hannah  Robinson,  bom 
January  27,  1819,  married  Andrew  Sher- 
burn,  Portsmouth.  Rev.  Mr.  G.  has  left, 
besides  these  six  children,  thirty-one  grand- 
children, and  one  great  grandchild.' 

Rev.  Enos  George  was  more  than  an  or- 
dinary man.     His  intellectual  powers  were 

1  Francis  George,  with  one  brother,  emigrated 
from  one  of  the  Southern  counties  of  England,  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  17th  centurj-,  to  Newbury, 
Mass.  His  brother  settled  in  Ilaverhill,  Mass. 
James  George,  son  of  Francis,  married  Susannah 
French,  of  Salisbury,  Mass.  Micah  George,  son  of 
James  and  Susannah,  was  born  1725,  and  married 
Mary  Tabour  of  Newtown,  N.  II.,  and  settled  in  Sal- 
isbury, Mass.  Enos,  the  only  son  of  Micah  and 
Mary  George,  was  born  Feb.  22, 1747,  and  married 
Dorothy  Jewell  of  Amesbury,  Mass.,  who  was  bom 
Dec.  20,  1751.  To  these  parents  were  born  three 
sons,  viz:  Micah,  in  Salisbury,  Mass.,  born  Sept.  29, 
1769,  died  Aug.,  1859,  in  Vermont.  Moses,  born  in 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  Nov.  29,  1770,  and  died  in  New 
York  about  30  years  since.  Enos,  thesubject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  South  Ilampton,  N.  II.,  June  2, 
1781.  These  were  the  only  children  of  Enos  and 
Dorothy  George. 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology . 


89 


highly  respectable.  Few  men  had  quicker 
perception,  or  were  more  prompt  or  perti- 
nent in  remark  or  reply.  His  ready  wit  in 
this  respect  was  remarkable. 

His  affections  were  not  only  tender  and 
strong,  but  characterized  by  a  natural  deli- 
cacy. Through  these  he  was  amiable, 
gentle,  genial,  and  exercised  no  little 
power  over  others,  and  was,  perhaps, 
sometimes  influenced  through  the  same  me- 
dium with  those  with  whom  he  associated. 

His  voluntary  powers  Avere  perhaps 
less  developed,  yet,  on  occasions  he  had, 
and  maiufested  no  little  strength  of  will, 
and  showed  that  in  this  chief  element  of 
manliness  he  was  not  wanting.  "With 
these  powers  thus  possessed,  it  might  well 
be  supposed  that  he  acquired,  to  a  great 
extent,    the  love   and  confidence   of  men. 

Of  this  regard,  he  received  many  proofs, 
for  he  was  elected  town  clerk  of  Barnstead 
years  in  succession,  representative  of  the 
town  two  years,  and  Chaplain  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  be.sides  filling 
other  offices  which  were  in  the  gift  of  the 
people. 

As  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  he  was 
sound  in  faith.  In  his  best  days  his  power 
in  the  pulpit,  secured  him  no  little  popu- 
larity. He  excelled  in  extemporaneous 
preaching,  and  in  prayer,  and  was  espec- 
ially interesting  on  funeral  occasions. 

His  piety  manifestly  increased  as  his 
years  advanced,  and  as  death  approached 
he  set  his  house  in  order.  From  the  time 
of  the  decease  of  his  companion  the  work 
of  preparation  for  his  own  departure  per- 
haps always  occupied  his  thoughts.  He 
felt  that  God  had  said,  with  long  life  will  I 
satisfy  him,  and  show  him  my  salvation, 
and  that  he  could  take  hold  of  the  prom- 
ise. Later  still,  with  greater  confidence, 
he  could  say,  "  Weep  not  for  me."  His 
end  was  peaceful  and  triumphant. 


Rev.  LEVI  ALFHEUS  FIELD,    was 

bom  in  Leverett,  Mass.,  Sept.  17,  1821. 
His  father,  Alpheus  Field,  was  a  farmer  in 
early  life,  and  subsequently  called  to  sev- 
eral posts  of  public  trust  and  honor  ;  but  in 
the  midst  of  his  days  and  usefulness,  his 
health  failed,  and  he  sought  its  restoration 
imder  the  milder  climate   of  the  Bermuda 


Isles,  where  he  died.  This  son  was  thus 
deprived  of  his  father  at  an  early  age,  and 
left  to  the  care  of  his  mother  and  elder  bro- 
ther, whose  house  he  always  afterwards 
called  his  family  home.  In  his  childhood 
and  youth,  he  manifested  a  degree  of  gen- 
tleness and  amiability  that  greatly  endeared 
him  to  his  relatives  and  friends.  AVhen 
about  seventeen  years  of  age,  his  mind  was 
earnestly  and  anxiously  exercised  on  the 
subject  of  religion.  In  a  powerful  rcAival 
of  religion,  that  occurred  at  that  time, 
he  was  deeply  and  painfully  convicted 
of  his  sins.  This  Avas  more  noticeable, 
because  he  was  one  of  those  upright  and 
lovely  characters,  who  seem  to  some  to 
have  no  sin,  and  to  need  no  moral  change. 
In  the  course  of  two  weeks,  however,  he 
obtained  a  Christian  hope,  which  first 
found  expression  in  singing  when  alone  in 
liis  room.  Soon  after  this  change  in  his 
feelings,  he  united,  on  the  same  day  with 
his  mother,  with  the  church  in  Leverett. 

After  he  thought  he  had  become  a  Chris- 
tian, he  entered  upon  a  course  of  study 
with  reference  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  prepared  for  College  at  the  Academy 
in  Monson,  and  graduated  at  Amherst  in 
1846.  He  studied  Theology  at  Andover, 
and  graduated  there  in  1849. 

During  his  preparatory  course,  his  Chris- 
tian life  appears  to  have  been  very  consis- 
tent and  serene.  It  is  said  by  those  who 
knew  him  best,  that  he  was  never  known 
to  speak  an  angry  word.  As  a  scholar 
he  was  industrious  and  thorough.  After 
leading  the  Seminary,  he  devoted  him- 
self assiduously  to  those  branches  of  rea- 
ding and  study  that  were  connected  with, 
and  suited  to  fit  him  for  his  work.  In 
his  strong  love  for  books,  he  watched  the 
issues  of  the  press,  that  he  might  at  once 
possess  himself  of  every  thing  new  and  val- 
uable. During  his  last  sickness,  he  de- 
sired that  the  notices  of  newly  published 
books  might  be  read  to  him,  and  he  con- 
tinued to  make  additions  to  Ms  library  to 
the  close  of  his  life,  in  prospect  of  future 
studies.  Nor  was  he  a  reader  of  books 
merely.  He  was  an  earnest  and  careful 
thinker.  His  perceptions  were  clear ;  his 
investigations  thorough ;  and  his  conclu- 
sions accurate. 


12 


90 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[Jan. 


But  it  was  as  a  Christian  miniiter  and 
pastor  that  he  was  best  known  and  most 
highly  appreciated.  The  preaching  of  the 
Gospel  was  his  chosen  work.  The  first 
year  after  leaving  the  Seminary,  he  sup- 
plied the  pulpits  of  various  churches. 
March  4th,  1851,  he  married  Nancy  M., 
daughter  of  Cyrus  W.  Holmes,  Esq.,  of 
Monson,  Mass.  He  then  preached  two  and 
a  half  years  at  Agawam  Falls,  in  West 
Springfield.  After  receiving  calls  from 
two  other  parishes,  he  was  ordained  in 
Marlboro,  Mass.,  Aug.  31,  1853.  From 
that  time  he  supplied  the  pulpit  continu- 
ally until  Oct.  1858.  About  that  time  he 
took  a  violent  cold,  which  obliged  him  to 
suspend  his  labors  for  some  weeks,  and 
which  seems  to  have  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  disease  that  brought  him  to  his  grave. 

During  the  last  year  of  his  life,  he  was 
able  to  preach  six  sabbaths,  and  occasion- 
ally to  perform  some  other  pastoral  labor  ; 
but  most  of  the  time  he  was  wholly  inca- 
pacitated for  his  work.  It  was  evidently 
a  great  trial  to  him  to  be  thus  laid  aside 
from  his  duties  as  a  minister  ;  but  he  was 
very  submissive,  and  during' his  whole  sick- 
ness, cheerfully  yjelded  to  every  wish  of 
his  friends.  He  sometimes  thought  the 
Master  was  calling  him  to  leave  his  field  of 
earthly  labor,  and  enter  into  his  heavenly 
kingdom.  When  he  had  this  feeling,  he 
seemed  resigned  and  disposed  to  say,  "Thy 
will  be  done."  But  generally,  he  enter- 
tained a  hope  of  recovery,  and  the  belief 
that  this  sickness  would  be  sanctified  to 
Ms  greater  usefulness  in  the  world.  Thus 
he  lived  on  to  the  very  close  of  life.  Three 
weeks  before  his  death,  he  attended  the 
funeral  of  a  child,  and  subsequently  a 
prayer  meeting,  where  his  peculiarities  as  a 
Christian  and  minister  were  apparent  to  all. 
But  death  came  suddenly  at  last.  He  was 
seized  with  congestion  of  the  brain,  and 
delirium,  from  which  he  never  recovered, 
but  continued  to  sink  until  Saturday  morn- 
ing the  22d  of  Oct.,  when  he  died,  aged 
38  years.  In  his  delirium  he  was  talking 
of  his  work,  of  meetings,  preaching,  hymn 
books  and  other  topics  connected  with  the 
ministry.  Once  he  said  :  "  The  way  is 
bright,  I  am  going  home."  This  may  have 
been  the  utterance  of  a  lucid  moment ;  but 


if  not,  it  showed  that  the  mind  in  its  wan- 
derings was  tending  toward  heaven. 

Though  his  career  was  short,  yet  he  lived 
long  enough  to  show  himself  a  faithful  and 
efficient  minister  of  Christ.  His  sermons 
were  the  result  of  careful  preparation. 
Logical  in  their  arrangement,  sententious 
and  beautifully  simple  in  their  style,  they 
were  well  siiited  to  arrest  attention,  and 
convince  the  understanding  ;  and  were  rea- 
dily apprehended  by  all  his  hearers.  In 
their  moral  and  spiritual  tone,  they  were 
highly  evangelical.  While  the  cross  was 
the  central  topic  of  his  thoughts,  they  ra- 
diated in  all  directions  so  as  to  cover  the 
whole  ground  of  moral  obligation.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  modest  and  unpretending, 
but  graceful,  winning,  and  earnest  in  his 
manner.  As  a  man  and  a  pastor,  in  his  in- 
tercourse with  the  people  and  members  of 
his  flock,  he  was  courteous,  kind  and  be- 
nevolent. He  made  those  around  him  feel 
that  he  was  their  friend,  and  that  he  would 
gladly  do  them  good.  Combining  these  ele- 
ments in  his  character  and  life,  his  labors 
were  crowned  with  signal  success.  The  at- 
tendance upon  the  means  of  gxace,  the  unity 
and  general  efficiency  of  the  society,  were 
greatly  promoted.  The  Holy  Spirit  descen- 
ded, and  many  were  added  unto  the 
Lord.  No  root  of  bitterness  ever  sprung 
up  to  disturb  the  union,  and  hinder  the 
labors  of  pastor  and  people.  Seldom  has 
a  pastor  been  found  more  devoted  to 
the  people  of  his  charge,  and  seldom  have 
a  people  shown  more  respect,  kindness  and 
affection  toward  a  pastor.  Their  atten- 
tions toward  him  were  always  marked,  but 
especially  so  in  his  last  sickness.  Mutu- 
ally interested  in  each  other,  their  efforts 
were  blessed  of  God  in  the  prosperity  of 
Zion.  His  death,  in  the  midst  of  so  muc'ii 
usefulness  and  promise,  seems  to  his  breth- 
ren in  the  ministry,  to  the  members  of  his 
flock,  and  to  his  large  circle  of  friends,  pre- 
mature and  sad.  He  leaves  a  widow  in 
deep  affliction,  and  one  child,  a  little  daugh- 
ter of  two  years,  too  young  to  know  her 
loss.  It  is  the  work  of  Him  who  doeth  all 
things  well. 


Mrs.  J.  E.  H.  BOARDMAN,  daughter 
of  Bela  B.  Haskell,  Esq.,  of  Waldoboro, 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology. 


91 


and  wife  of  Rev.  S.  W.  Boardman,  Pro- 
.fessorin  Middlobury  College,  and  recently 
of  Norwich,  Vermont,  died  of  consump- 
tion, in  Waldoboro,  Maine,  Oct.  29tli,  at  10 
o'clock,  A.  M.,  aged  26  years,  4  months  and 
14  days. 

Mrs.  Boardman  was  endowed  with  a 
fine  mental,  and  physical  organization. 
She  had  a  nature  full  of  sensibility,  a  dis- 
criminating taste,  and  a  quick,  ■vigorous, 
and  comprehensive  intellect,  with  an  irre- 
pressible energy  of  character,  and  an  ani- 
mated and  highly  expressive  countenance. 
She  was  ardent,  impulsive,  self- forgetful. 
If  her  friends  ever  charged  her  with  a 
fault,  it  was  neglect  of  herself  while  she 
was  laboring  for  others.  She  could  hardly 
be  made  to  feel  the  necessity  of  caring  for 
herself,  and  did  not  feel  exhaustion  till  her 
strength  was  all  spent.  She  was  cheer- 
ful, happy,  grateful,  and  was  continually 
thinking  nobody  had  so  many  blessings  as 
herself.  She  was  shrinking,  self-distrust- 
ful and  reserved,  and  this  with  her  supe- 
riority in  studies,  and  almost  fastidious 
sense  of  propriety,  was  sometimes,  in  early 
life,  mistaken  for  pride.  Simple,  affection- 
ate and  artless,  there  was  a  singular  love- 
liness in  her  nature,  Avhich  can  no  more  be 
preserved  in  words,  than  the  fragrance  of  a 
summer  flower.  She  Avas  loved  and 
admired  as  a  general  favorite  from  her 
childhood. 

But  it  is  her  relation  to  the  Redeemer 
which  invests  her  memory  with  the  highest 
interest.  All  that  sweetness,  loveliness 
and  beauty  which  He  had  given  her  by  na- 
ture, he  elevated  and  sanctified  by  grace. 
The  Saviour  drew  her  Avith  the  bonds  of 
love ;  she  saw  him  so  infinitely  good,  that 
she  felt  she  ought  to  love  him,  and  after  a 
brief  struggle,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  she 
gave  to  him  her  whole  heart,  as  to  a  real, 
personal,  though  divine  and  luiseen  Friend. 

Henceforth,  to  the  end,  Jesus  was  her 
all  in  all.  She  loVed  him  with  a  simple, 
ardent,  and  reverent  affection.  Her  chief 
joy  was  in  Him.  She  loved  her  nearest 
friends  most  for  the  Christ  formed  in  them. 
She  loved  literature,  nature,  art,  society, 
chiefly  as  related  to  her  Redeemer.  She 
daily  sought  and  found  in  the  closet.  Him, 
whom  having  not  seen,  she  loved.     She  fed 


iipon  his  words  contained  in  the  scriptures, 
as  manna.  Her  chief  desire  in  life  was  to  do 
something  for  him.  She  loved  the  prayer- 
meeting,  the  Sabbath  school,  and  to  Avin 
souls.  But  though  she  loved  much,  she 
never  dared  to  be  very  confident.  She  was 
a  penitent,  humble,  self- distrustful  dis- 
ciple ;  and  Avhile  she  deemed  herself  un- 
Avorthy  of  the  master's  notice,  it  seemed  to 
others  as  if  she  were  indeed  that  disciple 
whom  Jesus  loved.  This  deep  sense  of  her 
OAvn  sinfulness  and  unAvorthiness,  made  her 
Avatchful,  and  kept  her  near  to  Christ,  and 
caused  her  to  Avork  out  her  OAvn  salA'ation, 
Avith  fear  and  trembling.  It  made  her  hun- 
ger- and  thirst  after  righteousness.  The 
Lord  was  obA'iously  with  her.  She  Avas 
joined  to  Him  in  living  iinion,  and  she  be- 
came a  living  proof  of  that  promise,  "so 
shall  ye  bear  much  fruit." 

In  heaA'en,  she  is  one  of  those  who  shall 
shine  as  the  stars  forever  and  ever.  There 
Avere  hopeful  conversions  constantly  occur- 
ring under  her  labors.  Many,  also,  were 
aAvakened  to  a  higher  Christian  life  by  her 
influence. 

She  was  married  and  remoA'ed  to  Nor- 
wich, Yt.,  in  September,  1857.  There  she 
lived  and  labored  tAvo  years,  and  finished 
her  work.  They  Avere  years  of  great  en- 
joyment. A  tender  attachment  Avas  formed 
betAveen  herself  and  that  people,  Avhich,  it 
is  believed,  Avill  endure  forever.  She  loved 
them  to  the  end,  and  they  have  testified  in 
every  Avay,  the  strength  of  their  loA'e,  and 
the  sincerity  of  their  grief  at  her  early  re- 
moval. Her  last  sickness  commenced  on 
July  12th,  and  continued  109  days  :  Aveari- 
some  days  and  nights,  and  long  uncer- 
tainty were  appointed  unto  her.  Yet  she 
meekly  submitted  to  her  heavenly  Father's 
holy  will.  Not  a  munnur  ever  escaped  her 
lips.  She  passed  doAvn  into  the  dark  A'al- 
ley  still  looking  unto  Jestis,  the  author  and 
finisher  of  her  faith.  Sweet  was  her  reli- 
ance upon  Him,  AA'ho  has  said  "I  am  Avith 
you  unto  the  end."  She  bore  her  suffer- 
ings, thinking  of  his  sufferings,  and  aAvait- 
ed  death  Avithout  fear,  because  He  had  died 
before  her.  She  told  us  to  tell  her  Sabbath 
School  Class,  hoAv  sAveetly  she  rested  in 
Jesus,  there  on  her  bed  of  weakness.  She 
made  her  last  tender  appeals  to  her  friends 


92 


Congregational  Necrohgy. 


[Jan. 


to  serve  Ilim,  and  to  serve  Ilim  better. 
Of  her  sick  chamber,  as  of  heaven,  it 
might  be  said,  there  was  no  night  there.  It 
was  rather  the  dawn  of  an  eternal  day. 
She  failed  rapidly,  and  on  the  morning  of 
Oct.  29,  thelledcemcr  said  "  this  day  thou 
shalt  be  with  me  in  paradise."  Her  friends 
were  gathered  around  her  bed,  and  expect- 
ed her  iTnmediately  to  dcj^art,  but  at 
length  emerging  from  the  mortal  struggle, 
into  full  consciousness  again,  there  dawned 
upon  her  countenance  a  light  of  joy  "  un- 
speakable and  full  of  glory."  She  was 
obviously  in  a  state  vastly  above  any 
which  she  had  ever  known  before.  It  was 
as  if  heaven  had  been  opened,  and  we  had 
looked  in  for  a  brief  hour  ufion  one  of  the 
bright  faces  around  the  throne.  Doubt  and 
fear  seemed  to  be  gone  forever.  The  na- 
tive sweetness  of  her  countenance  was 
transfigured,  and  we  could  only  call  it 
glory.  She  spoke  with  extreme  difficulty, 
and  we  lost  much  of  what  she  attempted. 
The  first  hajppy  fragment  which  we  caught 
from  her  dying  lips  was,  "  TAe  Saviour! 
The  Saviour!  I  cling  to  Ilim."  No  expres- 
sion in  human  language  could  have  been 
more  significant  to  those  who  Icnew  her 
confiding  nature,  than  those  words  "  / 
cUnc;  to  Him."  The  great  shepherd  who 
had  so  long  led  her  in  green  pastures  and 
beside  still  waters,  now  with  strong  rod 
and  staff,  bore  her  safely  through  the  val- 
ley of  the  shadow  of  death.  Again,  we 
caught  at  intervals  from  her  happy  spirit, 
these  utterances:  "Peace! — Peace! — Glo- 
rious things  ! — honor  him  more — I  want  all 
around  me  to  praise  Him — I  love  thy 
kingdom  Lord — By  grace  are  ye  saved — 
The  day  breaks  !  Oh  how  glorious  !"  And 
then,  after  another  scream  of  distress,  when 
she  opened  her  eyes  for  the  last  time,  a  mo- 
mentary cloud  of  disappointment  passed 
over  her  countenance,  to  find  herself  stiU 
bere,  and  she  exclaimed  "I  wa>if  to  go  back 
to  Jesus."  But  instantly  the  fidl  light  re- 
turned, and  looking  on  each  one  of  us  in 
turn,  with  her  last  and  sweetest  smile  on 
earth,  while  that  same  holy  joy  still  linger- 
ed on  her  features,  she  closed  her  eyes, 
and  was  probablv  soon  lost  to  concious- 
ness  in  the  final  struggle  of  nature.  Sud- 
denly that  heavy  breathing  ceased ;  a   mo- 


ment— a  single  moment,  and  she  was  absent 
from  the  body  and  present  with  the  Lord. 


Rev.  SAIMUEL  TALBOT,  pastor  in 
Alna,  Me,  died  at  Waldoboro,  Nov.  15, 
18.59. 

He  had  gone  there  to  assist  in  the  ordi- 
nation of  Mr.  Robie,  and  while  sitting  in 
the  Council,  it  was  discovered  that  he 
could  not  speak.  By  the  aid  of  two 
brethren  he  walked  to  liis  lodgings  at  ilr. 
Read's,  where  all  that  kind  friends  and 
skillful  physicians  could  do  was  done,  but 
his  tongue  was  7iever  loosed.  He  lay  for 
over  three  weeks,  conscious  and  rational, 
and  with  entire  control  of  the  muscular 
system,  but  without  ability  to  express  any 
idea,  only  by  answering  "yes,"  or  indi- 
cating by  the  pressure  of  liis  hand,  or  other 
symbol,  his  wishes.  Thus  he  declined,  till 
he  calmly  fell  asleep  in  Jesus.  His  disease 
was  pronounced  apoplectic.  He  was 
buried  from  his  church  in  Alna,  on  the 
18th,  followed  to  the  grave  by  a  large  pro- 
cession of  his  people  and  ministering 
brethren. 

From  his  funeral  sermon,  preached  by 
liis  class  mate.  Rev.  J.  U.  Parsons,  of 
Bristol,  it  appears  that  he  was  born  in 
Freeport,  Me.,  Jan  11,  1801.  His  parents 
were  farmers,  in  moderate  circumstances, 
and  his  education  was,  by  hard  struggling, 
obtained  by  his  own  exertions,  without  aid 
from  the  Education,  or  any  other  societj^. 
He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  in  the 
class  of  1824,  with  President  Pierce  and 
Prof.  Stowe,  taught  in  Biddeford  long 
enough  to  defray  his  College  bills,  and  en- 
tered at  Andover,  in  1828,  and  graduated 
in  1831.  This  Seminary  class  was  one  of 
the  largest  that  ever  entered  that  institu- 
tion, numbering  first  and  last  some  sixty 
members,  of  whom,  at  the  end  of  28  years , 
he  is  only  the  seventh  called  away. 

Immediately  from  the  Seminary  he  went 
to  Wilton,  Me.,  where  he  was  ordained, 
Feb.  1st,  1832,  and  continued  a  highly  es- 
teemed pastor,  till  the  full  of  1842. 

"Without  the  loss  of  a  Sabbatli  he  then 
removed  to  Alna  and  was  installed  Oct. 
5,  1842,  where  he  remained  till  called  home. 
As  a  man  and  a  Christian  his  distinguish- 
ing features  were  those  that  constitute 
goodness.    The  most  sensitive  conscientious- 


I860.] 


Quarterly  Record. 


93 


ness,  gentleness,  kindness,  benevolence, 
self-renunciation.  The  latter  was  his  most 
striking  characteristic.  He  seemed  to  love 
others  better  than  himself,  and  be  willing 
to  do  for  others  more  than  he  would  have 
them  do  for  him.  These  traits  made  him, 
with  but  ordinary  intellectual  endowments, 
highly  respected  by  all  classes,  in  both  pas- 
torates, useful  and  successful  as  a  minister. 
There  were  two  special  seasons  of  revival 
under  his  ministry  at  Alna,  during  which, 
about  sixty,  or  two-thirds  of  the  li\'ing 
members,  were  brought  in. 

In  the  social  relations  he  experienced  the 
usual  mingled  cup  of  joy  and  grief.     His 


mother,  a  widow  of  fourscore,  and  all  his 
brothers  and  sisters  survive  him.  The 
companion  of  his  youth,  a  darling  daugh- 
ter of  five  years,  and  an  infant  child  were 
laid  in  the  grave,  near  together,  some  twelve 
years  ago.  An  only  son,  and  a  more  re- 
cent companion  alone  remain. 

He  was'  the  oldest  pastor  in  Lincoln  Con- 
ference of  churches,  and  by  his  prudent 
counsels,  sympathizing  heart,  and  warm, 
Christian  brotherly  love,  had  endeared  him- 
self to  all  his  brethren.  Though  but  58 
years  of  age,  all  felt  that  the  topic  of  the 
preacher  was  eminently  appropriate  to  his 
case:  "I  am  now  ready  to  be  ofeeeed." 


C  0  It  0  r  1 0 II  t  i  0  It  a  I    (§  ti  a  r  t  £  r  1  u    |U  c  0  r  ir . 


Cl^tirdjcs  Jormcti. 


May 

Aug 
Sep. 

Oct. 


Dec, 


19.  At  HA>nLTON,  Hancock  Co.,  111. 

22.  At  ONOLASKA,  La  Cross  Co.,  Wis. 

.  30.  At  TWIN  GUOVE,  La  Salle  Co.,  111. 

11.  A  Second  Cong.  Ch.  at  BELOIT,  Wis. 

21.  At  ISLAND  FALLS,  Aroostook  Co.,  Me. 

1.  At  NEW  BERLIN,  Sangamon  Co.,  111. 

6.  At    UPPER    STILLWATER,    (Oldtown,) 
Penobscot  Co.,  Me. 

8.  At  KENSINGTON,  N  H. 

29.  At  ROSEFIELD,  Peoria  Co.,  111. 

.  6.  At  ELMWOOD,  (opp.  St.  Joseph,)  Kansas. 

13.  At  UNIVERSITY  IIIGHTS,  Cleveland,  0. 

1".  At  SOUTH  NATICK,  Ms. 

22.  At  UILLSBORO',  Montgomery  Co.,  lU. 
25.  At  ALBION,  Ashland  Co.,  0. 

29.  At  HANNIBAL,  Marion  Co.,  Mo. 

,  8.  At  EVANSTON,  111. 

■  —  At  OSKALOOSA,  Jefferson  Co.,  Kansas. 

-  —  At  CENTRALIA,  Nemaha  Co.,  Kansas. 


Pastors  Sismfsscti. 

Sept.  12.  Rev.  SAMUEL  WOLCOTT,  from  the  High 
St.  Cong.  Ch.  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  to  accept 
the  call  of  the  New  England  Cong.  Ch.  in  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

"  13.  Rev.  GEORGE  N.  WEBBER,  from  the 
South  Cong.  Ch.  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.,  to  ac- 
cept the  call  of  the  North  Cong.  (Jh.  in  Hart- 
ford, Ct. 

"  20.  Rev.  E.  G.  CARPENTER,  from  the  Cong. 
Ch.,  Newcastle,  Me.,  to  labor  as  a  Home  Mis- 
sionary in  Aroostook  Co. 

Oct.  1.  Rev.  J.  G.  HALE,  from  the  Ch.  in  Lyndon, 
Vt. 


Dec 


5.  Rev.  H.  ALLEN,  from  the  Cong.  Ch.  in 
Saxonville,  Ms. 

12.  Rev.  E.  W.  COOK,  from  the  Cong.  Ch.  in 
Townsend,  Ms. 

15.  Rev.  AVM.  C.  DICKINSON,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  to  accept  a  Professorship  in 
Lind  University,  Chicago,  111. 

17.  Rev.  A.  K.  PACKARD,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Yarmouth,  Ms. 

24.  Rev.  FINDLEY  WALLACE,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Rockland,  Me. 

26.  Rev.  JAMES  P.  KIMBALL,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

.  2.  Rev.  HORACE  BUSHNELL,  D.D.,  from  the 
North  Cong.  Ch.  in  Hartford,  Ct. 

2.  Rev.  AMASA  LORING,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Edgecomb,  Me. 

29.  Rev.  HENRY  CLARK,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Burlington,  Ct. 

.  9.  Eev.  J.  W.  TUCK,  from  tho  Ch.  in  Lud- 
low, Ms. 

20.  Rev.  H.  M.  BRIDGE,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Warwick,  Ms. 

26.  Rev.  HENRY  LOOMIS,  JR.,  from  the 
'•  Union"  Ch.  in  Southbridge,  Ms. 

-  —  Rev.  N.  J.  MORRISON,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Rochester,  Mich. 

.  _  Rev.  CHARLES  0.  REYNOLDS,  from  the 
Ch.  in  Morrisiana,  N.  Y. 


fHinisters  ©rliainetj,  or  Enstalleti. 

July  26.  Mr.  GEO.  B.  CLAFLIN,  as  Missionary  to 
Africa,  at  Bangor,  Me.  Sermon  by  Rev.  J.  0. 
Fiske,  of  Bath.  Prayer  of  ordination  by  Rev.. 
Dr.  Pond,  of  Bangor. 

Aug.  31.  Mr.  JAMES  BREWER,  over  the  Ch.  at 
TwiQ  Grove,  111. 

Sept.  14.  Rev.  J.  WARREN  HEALY,  (late  of  Gard- 
ner, Ms.),  over  the  Oh.  in  Walpole,  Ms.  Ser- 
mon by  Rev.  J.  M.  Manning,  of  Boston ; 
Installing  Prayer  by  Kev.  Dr.  Ide,  of  W.  Med- 


94 


Quarterly  Record. 


[Jan. 


Oct, 


way,  Ms. ;  Charge  by  Rev.  S.  Hunt,  of  Frank- 
lin, Ms. 

15.  Rev.  JOSIAH  BALLARD,  (late  .stated 
supply  at  Plympton,  Ms.),  over  the  Ch.  in 
Carlisle,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr.  Blanchard, 
of  Lowell,  Ms. ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Hooker,  of  Boston ;  Charge  by  Rev.  B.  F. 
Clark,  of  North  Chelmsford,  Ms. 

16.  Mr.  CHARLES  M.  BARNES,  late  of  Chi- 
cago Theo.  Sem.,  as  an  Evangelist,  at  Lamoile, 
111.     Sermon  by  Rev.  E.  Beecher,  D.D. 

20.  Mr.  E.  B.  PALMER,  over  the  Ch.  in  New- 
castle, Me.  Sermon  by  Rev.  ^V'ooster  Parker, 
of  Belfast,  Me. 

21.  Rev.  EDMUND  K.  ALDEN,  (late  of  Le- 
nox, Ms.),  over  tlie  Phillips  Ch.,  So.  Boston, 
Ms.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Dr.  Dwight,  of  Portland, 
Me.  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Kev.  A.  L.  Stone. 
of  Boston  ;  Charge  by  Rev.  Dr.  Adams,  of 
Boston. 

21.  Mr.  JOHN  II.  DODGE,  at  Wenham,  Ms., 
to  be  a  Missionary  of  the  Am.  Miss.  Associa- 
tion. Sermon  by  Kev.  A.  B.  Rich,  of  Beverly, 
Ms. ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Kev.  D.  Fitz,  of 
Ipswich.  Ms.  ;  Charge  by  Kev.  Dr.  Allen,  late 
Missionary  to  India. 

21.  Mr.  EDWIN  C.  BISSELL.  over  the  Ch. 
in  Westhampton,  Ms.  Sermon  by  President 
Sttarns,  of  Amherst  Coll.  ;  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Prof.  Warner,  of  Amherst  Coll. ;  Charge  by 
Kev.  Z.  Eddy,  of  Northampton,  Ms. 

21.  Mr.  0.  S.  TAYLOR,  as  colleague  Pastor 
with  Rev.  Dr.  McLean,  over  the  Ch.  in  Sims- 
bury,  Ct.  Sermon  bv  Kev.  Pres.  Woolsey,  of 
Yale  Coll. 

22.  Mr.  MOSES  SMITH,  over  the  Church  in 
Plainville,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  L.  Perria,  of 
New  Britain,  Ct. 

22.  Mr.  URIEL  W.  SMALL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Sterling,  111.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Haven,  of  Chi- 
cago. 

27.  Rev.  E.  B.  CHAMBERLAIN,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Shoreham,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Mr.  Lea- 
vitt,  of  Vergennes  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Bradshaw,  of  Crown  Point ;  Charge  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Hyde,  of  Middlebury,  Vt. 

27.  Rev.  SAMUEL  WOLCOTT,  late  of  Provi- 
dence, over  the  New  England  Cong.  Ch.  in  Chi- 
cago, llL  Sermon  by  Kev.  E.  D.  Kitchel,  D.D., 
of  Detroit ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Kev.  A.  L. 
Chapin,  D.D. ;  Charge  by  Prof.  Haven. 

29.  Mr.  WM.  J.  BATT,  over  the  1st  Cong. 
Ch.  in  Stoneham,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Prof. 
Phelps  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Kev.  R.  Emer- 
son, of  So.  Reading  ;  Charge  by  Rev.  E.  Thurs- 
ton, of  Fall  River,  Ms. 

29.  Mr.  JOHN  HARTWELL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Leverett,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Prof.  A'ermilye,  of 
East  Wind.sor  Hill  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Kev. 
W.  H.  Beanian,  of  No.  Hadley  ;  Charge  by 
Pres.  Stearns,  of  Amherst  College. 

2.  Rev.  E.  N.  HIDDEN,  over  the  Ch.  in  Can- 
dia,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Charles  Tenney, 
of  Haverhill,  N.  H.  ;  Insialling  Prayer  by 
Kev.  C.  W.  Wallace,  of  Manchester,  N.  H.  ; 
Charge  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Ilerrick,  late  of  Candia. 

Mr.  JAMES  H.  FITZ.  a  member  of  the  Ch.  in 
Candia.  was  ordained  as  an  Evangelist  at 
the  same  time,  and  by  the  same  sei'vices. 

2.  Rev.  M.  P.  KENNEY,  over  the  1st  Ch.  in 
Janesville,  Wis.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Haven  of 
Chicago. 

4.  Mr.  FRANCIS  LOBDELL,  late  of  the  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Warren,  Ct. 

5.  Mr.  THEODORE  J.  HOLMES,  as  an  Evan- 
gelist, at  Richmond,  Vt.     Sermon  by  Kev.  Dr. 


Wheeler,  of  Burlington,  Vt. ;  Ordaining  Prajer 
by  Kev.  A.  D.  Barber. 

"  5.  Mr.  WM.  T.  RICHARDSON,  as  an  Evan- 
gi-list,  at  Saybrook,  Ohio.  Sermon  by  Kev.  A. 
M.  Richardson;  Charge,  by  Kev.  E.  J.  Com- 
ings, of  Lenox. 

,  "  5.  Rev.  J.  E.  SWALLOW,  (late  of  Nantucket,) 
over  1st  Ch.  in  Southampton,  Ms.  Sermon  l>y 
Rev.  Z.  Eddy,  of  Northampton  ;  In-tailing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  A.  M.  Colton.  of  Eiisthampton  ; 
Charge,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Davis,  of  Westfield,  Ms. 

«  6.  Prof.  AV.  S.  TYLER,  D.D..  of  Amherst 
College,  as  an  Evangelist,  and  Mr.  JOHN  W. 
UNDEPJIILL.  over  the  Ch.  at  No.  Amherst, 
Ms.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Phelps,  of  .\ndover ; 
Ordaining  Pr.ayerby  Pres.  Stearns,  of  Amlierst 
College  :  Charge  by  Rev.  Prof.  Hitchcock,  of 
Amherst  College. 

"  6.  Kev.  C.  II.  MARSH.iLL,  over  the  Ch.  at  Hud- 
son, Wis.  Sermon  by  Kev.  I.  P.  Langworthy, 
Chel.sea,  Ms. 

"  12.  Mr.  HENRY  M.  TUPPER,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Waverly,  Morgan  Co.,  111.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
N.  P.  ('oltrain,  of  Griggsville. 

"  1.5.  Mr.  Wm.  SNELL  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Snell,  of 
No.  Brookfield,  Ms.)  as  an  Evangelist,  at  Wi- 
nona,  Min.     Sermon   by  Rev.  II.    Willard,   of 

;    Ordaining   Prayer  by  Rev.  B. 

P.  Stone,  D.D.,  of  Concord,  N.  U. 

"  18.  Mr.  CHARLES  T.  MELVIN,  date  of  An- 
dover  Theol.  Sem.)  as  an  Evangelist,  at  Ches- 
ter, N.  II.  Sermon  by  Rev.  I.  Arnold,  South 
Coventry,  Ct.  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  S. 
Tenney,  Ellsworth,  Me.  ;  Charge  by  Rev. 
Charles  Tenney,  of  Biddeford,  Me.  Mr.  Mel- 
vin  goes  to  Columbus,  Wis. 

"  19.  Rev.  J.  E.  ADAMS,  over  the  Ch.  in  New 
Sharon,  Me. 

"  19.  Mr.  EDWARD  P.  TENNEY,  at  West  Con- 
cord, N.  H.  As  an  Evangelist.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  A.  Tenney. 

"  19.  Mr.  GEORGE  DUSTAN,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Peterboro,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  S.  C.  Ken- 
dall, of  Milford,  N.  H.;  Charge  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Tolman,  of  Wilmington,  Ms. 

"  19.  Mr.  GEORGE  M.  SMITH,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Rocky  Hill,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  L.  Bacon, 
D.D.,  of  New  Haven;  Ordaining  Prayer  by 
Rev.  J.  Hawes,  D.D.,  of  Hartford.  Charge  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Koekwood,  late  pastor  of  the  Ch. 

"  19.  Rev.  F.  B.  DOE,  (late  of  Lancaster,  Ms., 
over  the  Church  in  Appleton,  Wis.  Sermou 
by  Rev.  C.  D.  iXelmer,  of  Milwaukie. 

"  20.  Rev.  JACOB  G.  MILLER,  over  the  Ch.  at 
Brandford,  Ct.,  as  colleague  with  l{ev.  Timo- 
thy P.  Gillette.  Sermou  by  Rev.  Leverett 
Griggs,  of  Bristol. 

"  25.  Mr.  THOMAS  S.  ROBIE,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Waldoboro',  Me.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Edward 
Robie,  of  Greenland,  N.  H. 

"  25.  Mr.  G.  J.  MEANS,  over  the  Ch.  at  Perry 
Center,  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Daggett,  of  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

"  Rev.  A.  K.  FOY,  over  the  Ch.  in  Farmington, 
Pa.  .^ermon  by  Rev.  T.  K.  Rouse,  of  James- 
town, N.  Y. 

"  2t).  Kev.  C.\LVIN  CHAPMAN,  (formerly  of 
Lakeville,  Ms.),  over  the  Ch.  of  Ko.xcraft  and 
Dover,  Hiscataquis  Co.,  Me.  Sermon  by  Kev. 
E.  \V.  Oilman,  of  Bangor,  Me. 

"  26.  Rev.  HARVEY  NEWCOMB,  over  the  Ch. 
in  H.ancock,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Dunning,  of  Franklin. 

Nov.  2.  Rev.  WM.  C.  JACKSON,  (late  of  Lincoln, 
Ms.)  over  the  Ch.  in   Dunstable,  Ms.     Sermou 


I860.] 


Quarterly  Record. 


95 


Dec. 


by  Rev.  J.'C.  Bodwell,  of  Franiingham  ;  In- 
stalling Prayer  bv  Rev.  E.  A.  Bulkley  of  Gro- 
ton  ;  Charge  "by  Kev.  J.  P.  Cleveland,"  D.D.,  of 
Lowell,  Ms. 

2.  Rev.  GEO.  N.  WEBBER,  (late  of  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vt.)  over  the  No.  Cong-1  Ch.  in  Hart- 
ford, Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  R.  S.  Storrs,  Jr., 
D.D.,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  :  Installing  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Ilawes,  of  Hartford,  Ct. ;  Charge 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Colton,  of  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

3.  Mr.  ROBERT  SAMUEL,  at  New  Rutland, 
111. 

8.  Rev.  ARTEMAS  DEAN,  over  the  (new) 
Cong'l  Ch.  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Wheeler,  of  Burlington,  Vt. 

10.  Rev.  J.  L.  ARMS,  over  the  Ch.  in  Wilmot, 
N.  H.  Sermon  by  Kev.  T.  N.  Haskell,  of  East 
Boston  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  Horatio 
Merrill,  of  Salisbury,  N.  H.  ;  Charge,  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Bouton,  of  Concord,  N.  H. 

15.  Mr.  JACOB  HOOD,  as  an  Evangelist,  at 
Nottingham,  N.  H. 

16.  Rev.  GEORGE  H.4LL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
North  Plainfield,  Cr.  Sermon  by  Rev.  A.  C. 
Washburn,  of  Berlin,  Ct. 

17.  Mr.  E.  STRONG,  over  the  (new)  Ch.  in 
South  Natick,  .Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Prof. 
Stowe,  of  Andover. 

17.  Rev.  WILLARD  JONES,  over  the  Trinita- 
rian Cong.  Ch.  of  Northfield,  Ms.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Crawford,  of  Deerfield,  M^.  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Kev.  Mr.  Wells,  of  Hinsdale,  Vt.  ; 
Charge  by  Rev.  Dr.  Chandler,  of  Greenfield,  Ms. 

29.  Mr.  JOHN  TATLOCK,  over  the  Ch.  in 
So.  Adams,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Prof  Tatlock,  of 
Williams  College  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev. 
A.  Ballard  ;  Charge  by  Kev.  President  Hop- 
kins. 

29.  Mr.  GEORGE  A.  MILLER,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Burlington,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr.  Ver- 
niilye,  of  East  Windsor  Seminary. 

30.  Installed  over  the  Congregational  Church 
at  Strafford,  Canada  West,  Kev.  ROBERT 
ROBINSON.  Charge  to  Pastor  by  Kev.  James 
Howell,  of  Guelph  ;  Address  to  the  Church, 
by  Kev.  Edward  Ebbs,  of  Paris.  In  the  eve- 
ning of  same  day,  Kev.  John  Wood,  of  Brant- 
ford,  preached  a  discourse  on  "  Congregational 
Independency." 

30.  Mr.  EDSON  L.  CLARK,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Dalton,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  R.  Eoster,  of 
Pittsfield  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  A.  M. 
Colton.  of  East  ham  pton  ;  Charge  by  Kev.  John 
Todd,  D.D.,  of  Pittsfield. 

7.  Mr.  CHARLES  B.  RICE,  over  the  1st  Ch.  in 
Saco,  Me.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr.  Harris,  of  Ban- 
gor, Me. 

7.  Rev.  0.  M.  GOODALE,  over  the  Ch.  in  De 
Witt,  Mich.  Sermon  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Williams, 
of  Charlotte,  Mich. 

8.  Rev.  D.  B.  SEWALL,  over  the  Ch.  in  Frye- 
burg,  ilf.  Sermon  by  Rev.  H.  Q.  Butterfield, 
Hallowell,  Me.  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Kev.  K. 
Kimball,  Conway,  N.  H.  ;  Charge  by  Kev.  J.  T. 
Hawes,  Bridgeton,  Me. 

8.  Rev.  SAMUEL  J.  AUSTIN,  (late  of  Wilton, 
N.  H  )  over  tbe  Evangelical  Cong  Ch.  in  Gard- 
ner, Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  M.  Richardson,  of 
Worcester  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  C.  W. 
Allen,  of  Hubbardston  ;  Charge  by  Rev.  F.  D. 
Austin,  East  Jaffrey,  N.  H. 

21.  Rev.  LYMAN  WHITING,  over  the  High 
St.  Cong.  Ch.  in  Provi  lence,  R,  I.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Jacob  M.  Manning,  of  Boston. 

—    Mr.  S.  G.  NORCROSS,  as  Junior  Pastor  over 


the  Ch.  at  South  Bridsceton,  Me.     Sermon  by 
Rev.  Prof.  Shepard,  of  Bangor  Theo.  Sem. 

-    Mr.  CHARLES  R.  DYE,  over  the  Ch.  in  Tor- 
rington,  Ct. 


ilHmistcrs  fHatriEti. 

Sept.  13.  Rev.  JOHN  ERASER,  of  Derby,  Vt.,  to 
Miss  RUTU  M.,  youngest  dau.  of  Col.  Levi  B. 
Child,  of  D. 

"  20.  Rev.  HENRY  F.  HAMMOND,  of  the  Con- 
gregational  Herald,  Chicago,  111.,  to  Miss 
FRANCES  E.,  dau.  of  Dea.  Calvin  Jennings, 
ofBrookfield,  Ms. 

"  22.  Key.  AMOS  II.  JOHNSON,  of  Middleton, 
Ms.,  to  Miss  FRANCES  S.  BENJAMIN. 

Oct.  3.  Kev.  JAMES  C.  SEAGRAVE,  of  Bridgewa- 
ter,  Ms.,  to  Mrs.  ELIZABETH  S.  CLAKK,  of 
Providence,  R.  I. 

"  5.  Rev.  WILLIAM  J.  BATT,  of  Stoneham, 
Ms.,  to  Miss  MARY  D.  DAVOL,  of  FaU  Riv- 
er, Ms. 

"  6.  Rev.  JOHN  H.  DODGE,  of  Wenham,  Ms., 
to  Miss  ELVIRA  M.  WAITT,  of  Amherst, 
Ms.,  (un'ler  appointment  to  go  to  West  Africa 
as  missionaries.) 

"  13.  Rev.  EVARTS  SCUDDER,  of  Kent,  Ct., 
to  Miss  SARAH  P.  LAMSON,  of  Andover,  Ms. 

"  26.  Rev.  MOSES  TYLER,  of  Owego,  N.  Y., 
to  Miss  JENNIE  U.  GILBERT,  of  New  Ha- 
ven, Ct. 

Nov.  2.  Rev.  AARON  M.  COLTON,  of  Easthamp- 
ton,  Ms.,  to  SARAH  A.  BOGUE,  of  St.  Al- 
bans, Vt. 

"  30.  Rev.  FREDERIC  R.  ABBE,  of  Abington, 
Ms  ,  to  Miss  MARY  THAXTEK  THAYEK,  of 
Boston. 

"  30.  Rev.  LYMAN  WHITE,  of  Easton,  Ms.,  to 
Miss  MARY  C.  HURD,  daughter  of  the  late 
Kev.  Carlton  Hurd,  D.D.,  of  Fryeburg,  Me. 

Dee.  2.  Rev.  C.  S.  SHATTUCK,  of  Unionville,  N. 
Y  ,  to  Miss  ANTOINETTE  BRADSUAW,  of 
Newark,  N.  J. 


fHinistrrs  Bcccaseti. 

Aug.  24.     In   Danbury,  Ct.,  Rev.  NATHAN  BUR- 
TON, aged  79. 

Sept.   14.      In   New  Vineyard,  Me.,     Rev.   DAVID 
TURNER,  aged  70. 

"    15.     In    Plymouth,    Wis.,    Rev.    JOSEPHUS 
MORTON,  aged  60. 

Oct.  20.   In  Barnstead,  N.  H.,  Kev.  ENOS  GEORGE, 

aged  84. 

"    22.    In  Marlboro',  Ms.,  Kev.  LEVI  A.  FIELD, 
aged  38. 

"    27.     In  Edgecomb,  Me.,  Rev.  JOHN  BAKER, 
of  Wilton,  Me.,  aged  48. 

Nov.  —    In  East  Bridgewater,  Ms.,  Rev.  JOHN  M. 
PRINCE,  Pastor  of  the  Cong.  Ch. 

"    15.     In  Waldoboro',  Me.,  Rev.  SAMUEL  TAL- 
BOT, aged  58. 

Dec.  9.    In  Yarmouth,  Me.,  Rev.  CALEB  HOBART, 

aged  05. 

"    14.     In  East  Granville,  Ms.,  Rev.  TIMOTHY 
M.  COOLEY,  D.D.,  aged87. 

"    16.    In   Groveland,  Ms.,  Rev.   GARDNER  B. 
PERRY,  D.D.,  aged  70. 


96  Congregational  Library  Association. — Editorial  Note.     [Jan. 


^uarterlg  Pceting  of  the  ^^ongrrgational  fibrarg  gissotiatioit. 

Rev.  Martin  Moore,  of  Boston,  read  a  paper  on  Governor  Edward  AVinslow,  embracing  also 
the  principal  events  which  befel  the  Mayflower  Company  while  he  was  with  them.  It  is  sin- 
gular that  we  have  so  little  information  of  the  parentage  and  early  years  of  this  distingviished 
Puritan.  Almost  nothing  is  known  of  him  till  he  comes  suddenly  to  view  as  a  youthful  travel- 
er in  Holland,  where  he  falls  in  with  Mr.  Robinson's  church,  and  starts  off,  newly  married,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-five,  with  that  heroic  band  who  were  destined  to  be  henceforth  forever 
known  as  "  The  Pilgrim  Fathers."  His  Puritan  piety,  his  practical  good  sense,  his  enter- 
prise and  resolution,  joined  with  an  amiable  spirit  and  self-denying  life,  placed  him  in  the 
front  rank  of  those  foremost  men  of  the  age.  His  estate  in  Marshfield,  after  continuing  in 
the  hands  of  his  descendants  for  two  hundred  years,  became  the  homestead  of  Daniel  Web- 
ster, whose  remains  now  rest  in  the  little  secluded  family  burying-ground  of  the  Winslows. 

Donations  and  dcposites  of  books  were  reported,  amounting  to  about  40  bound  volumes  and 
75  pamphlets,  from  various  individuals.  But  the  most  valuable  gift  during  the  quarter  is  from 
Rev.  John  "VVaddington,  D.D.,  of  London,  in  the  form  of  ten  pictorial  illustrations  of  his  lec- 
tures on  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  engraved  on  zinc,  and  printed  on  cloth,  (each  about  one  yard 
square)  by  the  "  AVorking  Men's  Educational  Union,  London."  They  are  designed  to  show 
the  interior  of  the  Clink  prison  in  which  the  early  Congregational  Confessors  were  confined  : 
the  execution  of  John  Penry  in  1593  ;  geographical  localities  of  interest  in  the  counties  which 
gave  birth  to  the  Mayflower  Pilgrims  ;  scenes  illustrative  of  their  sojourn  in  Holland  ;  their 
departure  from  England  to  America ;  their  arrival  at  Cape  Cod ;  their  settlement  at  Ply- 
mouth ;  and  some  of  the  relics  there  preserved  in  Pilgrim  Hall.  These  drawings  were  pre- 
pared and  sent  over  for  his  use  near  the  close  of  his  sojourn  amongst  us.  On  the  eve  of 
his  departure  he  generously  gave  them  to  the  Congregational  Library  Association,  to  be 
loaned  to  pastors  of  churches  and  superintendents  of  Sabbath  Schools,  in  illustrating  the  his- 
tory of  our  fathers, — which,  in  his  view,  as  in  ours,  is  to  be  employed  as  an  element  of  im- 
mense moral  power  in  renovating  the  world.  Wherever  that  "  one  collection  "  in  aid  of  this 
Association  is  yet  to  be  taken  up,  these  drawings  will  be  found  especially  helpful  in  showing 
forth  the  design  which  is  intended  thereby  to  be  accomplished.  And  this  reminds  us  to  say, 
whatwould  have  been  more  seasonably  said  at  an  earlier  day,  that,  soon  after  the  Annual  meet- 
ing, the  Directors  authorized  the  Corresponding  Secretary  to  invite  Congregational  ministers 
in  all  parts  of  the  land  to  preach  a  discourse,  on  the  Sabbath  next  preceding  or  following 
Forefathers'  Day,  appropriate  to  that  great  event  in  our  New  England  history,  and,  if  not 
previously  given,  to  ask  for  the  aforesaid  contribution  in  connection  with  it.  To  what  extent 
this  simultaneous  effort  has  been  made,  cannot  be  determined  before  this  number  is  put  to 
press.  But  those  who,  for  any  cause,  found  it  impracticable  at  that  particular  time,  will 
understand  that  their  offerings  will  be  just  as  welcome  hereafter,  and  hardly  less  needed. 


We  confidently  anticipate  from  our  subscribers,  a  favorable  reception  of  this  first  number, 
for  the  year  1860.  It  is  not  in  all  respects,  what  we  had  hoped  to  make  it,  but  we  honestly 
believe,  (and  we  think  our  friends  would  agree  with  us,  if  they  were  to  see  the  printers'  and 
papermakers'  bills,)  that  it  is  richly  worth  all  which  it  will  cost  them.  It  will  be  seen  that  we 
are  using  a  better  quality  of  paper,  than  we  could  afibrd  last  year — which,  we  take  it,  will 
meet  with  no  disfavor  from  our  readers. 

We  venture  to  invite  particular  attention  to  the  following  statistics  of  our  denomination, 
which,  if  we  mistake  not,  are  presented  in  a  fuller,  neater,  compacter,  and  every  way  more 
useful  form,  than  has  ever  been  attempted  before.  In  addition  to  the  Statistical  Secretaries 
in  the  various  states,  our  thanks  are  due  for  especial  assistance,  to  Dea.  E.  F.  Duren,  of  Ban- 
gor, Me.,  Rev.  J.  G.  Davis,  of  Amherst,  N.  H.,  Rev.  W.  H.  Moore,  of  Newtown,  Ct.,  Rev.  Chas. 
W.  Camp,  of  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin,  Rev.  A.  L.  Rankin,  of  Salem,  111.,  Rev.  Edward  Ebbs, 
of  Paris,  C.  E.,  Rev.  Robert  Wilson,  of  Sheffield,  N.  B.,  Rev.  Geo.  Whipple,  of  New  York, 
Rev.  E.  J.  Montague,  of  Summit,  Wis.,  Rev.  Win.  C.  Pond,  of  Downievillc,  Cal.,  and  Rev. 
P.  B.  Chamberlain,  Portland,  Oregon. 

^^We  exchange  the  numbers  of  last  year — if  sent  to  our  office  in  good  condition— for  vol- 
umes neatly  bound  in  cloth,  for  twenty-Jive  cents  "  to  bootJ" 


I860.]  Slaiisiics  of  the  Congregational  Churches. 


97 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  ORTHODOX  CONGREGATIONAL 
CHURCHES,  AS  COLLECTED  IN  1859. 


COMPILED    BY    REV.    A.    H.    UUINT. 


EXPLANATIONS. 

The  following  tables  are  comiDilcd  from 
the  ^Minutes  of  the  various  State,  Territorial 
or  Provincial  organizations,  as  published 
in  1859,  and  corrected  and  completed  by 
various  persons  (generally  the  Statistical 
Secretaries,)  in  the  respective  localities. 
For  the  sake  of  uniformity  we  have  reduc- 
ed them  to  the  form  most  generally  preva- 
lent, and  which  is  the  basis  of  all.  The 
diiferences  between  our  "  totals"  and  those 
in  several  of  the  State  publications,  is  ex- 
plained by  the  corrections  made,  and  by  the 
transfer  of  churches  from  Associations 
out  of  their  own  State,  to  their  proper  sta- 
tistical place. 

The  States  are  arranged  in  their  usual 
order  of  enumeration  ;  towns  in  each  State, 
alphabetically ;  churches  in  each  town,  ac- 
cording to  age ;  and,  of  the  church,  first, 
its  town, — secondly,its  locality  in  the  town, 
if  special, — and  thirdly,  its  name,  which  is 
always,  or  is  intended  to  be,  followed  by 
"  ch."  Thus,  the  "  ch."  in  "Amherst, 
South,"  denotes  that  in  South  Amherst ; 
■while  "  Amherst,  South  ch.,"  denotes  the 
South  Church  in  Amherst  proper. 

The  columns  specifying  Churches  and 
Ministers  are  corrected  uj)  to  the  present 
date,  although  churches  formed  since  the 
statistics  of  any  State  were  printed  by  their 
own  bodies,  while  included  in  the  num- 
ber of  churches,  are  suffered  to  make  no 
alterations  in  the  total  membership.  — 
Church  members  are  reported  at  a  date  va- 
rying in  the  respective  States,  but  specified 
in  each  case.  Additions,  removals,  and 
baptisms,  cover  the  year  ending  with  the 
date  last  alluded  to.  "  Absent  "  members 
are  non-residents,  and  are  included  in 
"males,"  "  females,"  and  "  totals,"  unless 
express  mention  of  the  contrary  is  made. 
"  Sabbath  Schools"  include  actital  mem- 
bership of  officers,  teachers  and  scholars,  at 
the  date  of  reporting.  Discrepancies  be- 
tv/een  the  sum  of  males  and  females,  and 
the  "  total  "  in  any  case,  are  caused  by  the 
VOL.  II.  13 


neglect  of  some  churches  to  distinguish  as  to 
sex ;  the  proportion  of  each  is  not  affected. 
All  Post  Office  addresses  are  to  be  found 
in  the  "  List  of  Clergymen  "  following  these 
tables,  and  not  in  the  tables  themselves, — 
because  the  toions  in  the  latter  are  often  dif- 
ferent from  the  P.  O.  addresses,  and  because 
in  the  List  changes  are  entered  to  a  date 
later  than  that  of  the  printing  of  the  tables. 
The  letters  "p.,"  and  "  s.  s.,"  denote 
respectively,  "pastor,"  and  "stated  sup- 
ply." One  regularly  chosen  pastor,  and 
actually  and  formally  settled  as  such,  (in 
whatever  way  the  parties  choose,)  is  "  pas- 
tor ;  "  all  others,  "  stated  supply  ;  "  the  pas- 
torate is,  theoretically,  a  permanent  office ; 
that  of  '  'stated  supply"  is  temporary.  When 
neither  designation  occurs,  the  actual  posi- 
tion of  the  minister  is  to  us  unknown. 

When  blanks  occur  in  the  list  of  minis- 
ters, or  where  the  term  "  vacant"  is  found, 
it  by  no  means  implies  that  the  church  is 
destitute  of  preaching  or  ordinances,  but 
that  it  has  no  one  person  regularly  supjjly- 
ing  its  pulpit.  When  blanks  occur  in  the 
columns  of  figures,  they  are  never  to  be 
considered  as  equivalent  to  "  none, 
(which  is  always  designated  by  a  cipher,) 
but  as  showing  that  no  returns  have  been 
received, —  and  generally  denote  ignorance 
or  carelessness.  In  no  instance  are  figures 
copied  from  returns  of  previous  years ; 
when  this  deleterious  practice  has  been  fol- 
lowed, we  have  struck  out  (not  the  names, 
but)  the  figures  ;  and  we  have  inserted  the 
aggregate  of  the  membership  of  such  church- 
es, from  previous  reports,  at  the  close  of 
the  table  of  each  State. 

The  names  of  officers,  with  the  times  and 
places  of  the  next  sessions,  of  the  various 
State  bodies,  follow  the  list  of  clergymen. 

We  have  spared  neither  pains  nor  ex- 
pense in  collecting,  nor  care  in  printing. 
The  mistakes  which  will  neverthelesss  be 
found,  Ave  shall  greatly  regret ;  and  we  will 
thank  all  persons  discovering  errors  to  no- 
tify us  thereof. 


98 


Statistics. — Maine, 


[Jan. 


THE    STATISTICS. 
MAINE. 


CHH 

MEMBERS.   II 

4BDIT'N8. 

REMOV.iLS.    1 

BAPTWMS.    . 

Junel,  1859.   J 

1858-9. 

1858-9 

1858-9.  3 
^.^ 1   0 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

1          \\'      t       1         II 

'                 "r" 

' 

tu 

i 

j      =1  . 

t    di 

-3    ..; 

1 

Hi 

^ 

c 

<g 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name.           Com. 

o 
"s 

% 

i 

it. 

TOTA 

Abst 
Prof 

c  5 

>< 

0 

H 

"5 
•a 
< 

<5 

c 

< 

CO 

Abbot, 

1841 

John  A.  Perry,  s.s.           18-59 

5 

'X  10| 

0 

Oi  0| 

0 

0 

3    Oj 

3 

0 

"T 

75 

Acton, 

1781 

Francis  B.  Smith,  s  s.      18.59 

37 

8 

Oi 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

3 

60 

Albany, 

1803 

Samuel  L.  Gould,  s.s.       1856 

29 

44 

73 

13 

8 

2 

10 

2 

0 

0 

2 

7 

0 

80 

Albion, 

18,30 

Vacant. 

10 

20 

30 

0| 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  -0 

Alexander, 

lS.o4 

" 

2 

13 

15 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

20 

Alfred, 

1791 

Tohn  Orr,  p.                      1846 

113 

18  11 

1 

12 

2 

2 

0 

4 

9 

90 

Alna, 

1799 

Sam'l  Talbot,  *  Nov.  15,1859 

28 

60 

88 

2li,12 

0 

12 

5 

0 

0 

5 

3 

0 

65 

Amherst  &  Aurora, 

18.30 

Charles  Soule,  s.s.            1856 

12 

15 

27 

is!  1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

81 

Andover, 

1800      Vacant.                                 | 

271 

40 

67 

9'  ,30 

1 

31 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

68 

Anson, 

1804 

Eliph  S.  Hopkins,  s.s.    1857J 

16 

41 

57 

24 

2 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

25 

Athens, 

1836 

LiBTi  Lorinfr,  s.s.               18.57: 

3 

5 

8 

1 

0 

4 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

60 

Atkinson, 

1842 

Kufus  W.  Emerson,  s.s.  1859 

10 

10 

20 

6 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

Auburn,  West, 

1844 

rhomas  N.  Lord,  p.          18.58 

69 

93 1 1621 

30'  10 

4 

14 

2 

2 

0 

4 

8 

1 

130 

Augusta,  South  oh. 

1780 

Edwin  B.  Webb,  p.          18.50 

100 

2441344 

',54 

6 

60 

2 

5 

0 

7 

6 

6 

725 

"     North  ch. 

1829 

Vacant.                                   | 

4 

16 

20 

51  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Bangor,  1st  ch. 

1811 

Edward  W.  Oilman,  p.     1859 

'^1 

206 

293 

60  36 

11 

47 

8 

16 

4 

2*^ 

16 

6  200 

"     Hammond  St. ch 

.  1833 

.lohn  Malfby,  p.                1834' 

105,^13 

318 

44  32 

15    471 

7 

9 

1 

17 

16 

20  325 

(  George  Shepard,  p.  )    1847! 
(  Samuel  Harris,  p.    )    18o5 

ll 

"     Central  ch. 

1847 

88 

1.54 

942 

40  1  7 

9 

16' 

1 

4 

0 

5 

5 

5360 

Bath,  Winter  st.  ch. 

179.T 

.lohn  0.  Fi-ke,  p.             1843 

82 

214 

296 

30  65 

7 

72 

7 

5 

3 

15 

36 

I2I279 

"     Central  ch. 

1S.35 

Eliph.  Whittlesey,  p.       1851, 

70 

131 

201 

6,74 

2 

76 

4 

4 

0 

8 

31 

7 

160 

"     Weeks  st.  ch. 

18.5.5 

4 

9 

13 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Baldwin, 

1821 

Cyril  Pearl,  s.s.                18.50 

4 

11 

15 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Belfast,  1st  ch. 

1796 

Wooster  Parker,  p.          1856 

26 

85 

111 

12 

7 

4 

11 

4 

9 

0 

13 

1 

2 

85 

'•     2dch. 

1846 

Vacant. 

20 

35 

55 

9 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

75 

Benton, 

18.58 

" 

3 

15 

18 

1 

6 

3 

9 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

40 

Bethel,  1st  ch. 

1799 

.7.  B.  Wheelwright,  s.s.    1859, 

50 

87 

137      5 

11 

1 

12 

0 

5 

0 

5 

5 

1 

120 

"     2dch. 

1849 

David  Garland,  p.             1849, 

19 

37 

56 

3 

5 

2 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

5 

80 

Biddelord,  Istch. 

17.30 

Charles  Peabody,  s.s.       18571 

76 

0 

6 

3 

9 

1 

0 

0 

1 

7 

85 

"     2d  ch. 

1805 

Charles  Packard,  p.          1858 

2.50 

C"l 

40 

5 

45 

7 

(1 

0 

13 

36 

200 

"     Pavilion  ch. 

1857 

Ch.arles  Tenney,  p.           1858 

15 

65 

80 

4 

11 

5 

16 

0 

2 

0 

2 

10 

0 

100 

Bingham, 

1805 

Vacant. 

20 

22 

42 

£2 

0 

0      0 

4 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

50 

Blanchard, 

18.33 

.Tohn  A.  Perry,  s.s.          1849 

19 

30 

49 

12 

2 

0 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

2 

48 

Bloomfield, 

1801 

George  W.  Hathaway,  p.  1833 

26 

79 

105 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

2 

7 

0 

0 

1.50 

Bluehill, 

1772 

Benjamin  D.  Henry,  s.s.  1«59 

37 

67 

104 

23 

0 

0 

0 

4 

3 

0 

7 

0 

0 

71 

Boothbaj',  1st  ch. 

1776 

.Jonathan  Adams,  s.s.      18-52 

23 

59 

82 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

60 

"     Harbor, 

1848 

John  J.  Bulfinch,  s.s.      1859 

19 

25 

44 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

65 

Bradford, 

1838 

No  preaching. 

8 

13 

21 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Bremen, 

1829 

Flavius  V.  Norcross,  s  s.  1858 

7 

1.3 

20 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

70 

Brewer,  1st  ch. 

1800 

Eph'm  C.  Cumniings,  p.  18.58 

45 

77 

122 

31 

12 

1 

13 

3 

4 

1 

8 

7 

9 

140 

"     Village, 

1843 

Thomas  Smith,  p.             1846 

23 

42 

65 

2 

19 

1 

20 

0 

0 

1 

1 

13 

0 

145 

Bridgton, 

1781 

Josiah  T.  Ilawes,  p.         1851 
(  Jos.  P.  Fessenden,  p.    1>30 

28 

53 

81 

12 

4 

0 

4 

1 

2 

0 

3 

\ 

2 

0 

50 

"     South, 

1829 

1  S.  Gerard  Norcross.  p.  1R,59 

14 

28 

42 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

"     North, 

1832 

Edward  S.  Palmer,  s  s.    1859 

17 

33 

50 

17 

6 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

80 

Bristol,  1st  ch. 
"    2dch. 

1765 
18.55 

J  John  U.  Parsons,s.s.  1859  | 

13 
9 

20 
26 

33 
35 

3 
2 

0 
6 

0 
0 

0 
6 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

70 

Brooks  &  Jackson, 

1812 

Flavius  V.  Norcross,  s.s.  1859 

22 

33 

55 

21 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

15 

18 

Bnjoksville  &  Sedgw 

ck,'93 

Vacant. 

19 

25 

44 

9 

1 

2 

3 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

0 

30 

"     AV'est, 

1826 

" 

24 

32 

56 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

60 

Browntield, 

1804 

'' 

13 

17 

,30 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

40 

BrowDville, 

1819 

William  S.  Sewall.  p.       18-39 

38 

54 

92 

18 

0 

1 

1 

0 

8 

1 

4 

0 

4 

73 

Brunswick, 

1747 

Geo.  E.  Adams,  D.U.,  p.  1829 

72 

156 

228 

42 

18 

2 

20 

4 

2 

0 

6 

11 

2 

130 

Buckfport, 

1803 

Henry  K.  Ciaig,  p.          1855 

34 

95 

129 

25' 

7 

8 

10 

2 

5 

0 

7 

8 

1 

177 

Burlington, 
Buxton, 

1827 

A'acant. 

13 

22 

35 

2 

7 

0 

7 

1 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

75 

1763 

Joseph  Bartlett,  p.           1847 

55 

3 

15 

1 

16 

1 

0 

0 

1 

12 

80 

1763 

George  W.  Cre.^sey,  s.s.  1852 

66 

6 

3 

1 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

02 

Calais, 

1825 

Seth  H.  Keeler,  p.            1839 

65 

164 

229 

58 

6 

1 

7 

2 

7 

0 

9 

3 

5 

175 

Camden, 

1805 

Franklin  P.  Chapin,  p.    1857 

37 

8b 

123 

15 

14 

2 

16 

2 

2 

0 

4 

8 

1 

165 

Cape  Elizabeth, 
Carinel, 

1734 

Vacant. 

5 

20 

25 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

18.53 

" 

3 

101  1,3 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

60 

Castiiie, 

1820 

Alfred  E.  Ives,  p.             1855 

21 

80,101 

15 

4 

0 

4 

3 

1 

0 

4 

0 

1 

165 

Cherrj  field, 
Chesterviile, 

18.33 

Vacant. 

6 

101  10 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

£0 

1790 

Jonas  Hurnham,  s.s.         1858 

10 

19    29 

0 

20 

5 

25 

33) 

0 

38 

0 

0 

.30 

Clinton, 

1858 

Vacant. 

8 

5      8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

^1  ? 

0 

0 

0 

01  30 

Coojier, 

1826 

5 

15    20 

5 

1 

1 

2 

0    1 

0 

1 

1 

01  30 

Cornish, 

1840 

Albert  Cole,  s.s.               1858 

12 

3 

0 

0 

0 

o|  0 

0 

0 

0 

ol   0 

Cornville, 

No  report. 

1 

Cumberland, 

1793 

Vacant. 

45 

97  142 

18 

3 

0 

3 

1    2 

0 

3 

0 

ll  85 

Deilham, 

1841 

.lames  Wells,  p.                1S58 

20 

271  47 

8 

() 

3 

9 

0    0'  0 

0 

2 

3i  85 

Deer  Isle,  1st  ch. 

1773 

Vacant. 

45 

100  145 

34 

2 

36 

5151  0 

20 

2,5 

391200 

"     2d  ch. 

1858 

William  A.  Merrill,  B.s.  185.' 

14 

161  30 

0 

13 

17 

30 

0|  0 

0 

0 

7 

2    54 

Denmark, 

1829 

Cyril  Pearl,  s  s.                1868 

10 

2S 

!  39 

1  10 

4 

0 

4 

2 

!  0 

1  0 

2 

3 

1 

1  20 

18C0.] 


Statistics. — Maine. 


99 


1 

CHH    MBMIiERS. 

adpit'ns.' 

REMOVALS.    1 

baptisms    . 

1 

MINISTERS. 

June  1,  1859. 

1858-9.  1 

1858-8 

. 

1858-9.   2 

I       0 

CHURCHES. 

. 

>.] 

c 

U 

>i 

.a 

i 

(5 

1 

j 

^ 

c 

s 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name.           Com. 

« 

E 

If; 

< 

H 

O 

t^ 

£ 

1 

S 

^ 

1 

< 

0 

3 

a 

< 

Deniiysville  and 

! 

1 

Edmonds, 

1805 

Rdward  P.  Baker,  s.s.     1857 

47 

85 

132 

22 

36 

5 

41 

3 

0 

0 

3 

17 

4 

100 

DfXter, 

1834 

Daniel  Sewall.  s.s.            1859 

16 

35 

51 

17 

14 

5 

19 

1 

2 

0 

3 

5 

0 

40 

DixfifM, 

1806 

William  V.  Jordan,  s.s.  18-^6 

6 

27 

33 

7, 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

35 

Dixmon^, 

1807 

Vacant. 

5 

4 

9 

5' 

0 

0 

0! 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

,50 

PovtT  &  Foxcroft, 

1822 

Calvin  Chapman,  p.        1859 

54 

106 

160 

19 

38 

5 

43 

1 

3 

0 

4 

17 

0 

126 

Purliiici, 

1791) 

Vacant. 

11 

26 

37 

10 

0 

1 

1' 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

10 

East  port. 

1819  Samuel  D.  Hosmer,  fi.s.   18.55 

23 

83 

106 

4o: 

6 

0 

6| 

2 

3 

0 

5 

3 

1 

60 

E  teccomb, 

178.3      Vacant. 

27 

611  88 

25. 

6 

0 

6 

2 

2 

0 

4 

4 

0 

80 

Elliot, 

1721 

Otis  Holmes,  p.                18.58 

23 

82  105 

1 

8 

4 

12 

2 

2 

0 

4 

7 

6 

125 

Ellsworth, 

1812 

Sewall  Tenney,  p.            1835 

20 

77 

97 

20 

7 

3 

10. 

1 

3 

0 

4 

3 

0 

125 

Fairfield, 

1R15 

No  nrilinancfs      No  report. 

1 

Falmouth, 

17.54 

.John  C.  Adams,  s.s.        18,59 

31 

88 

119 

9 

28 

2 

30 

4 

3 

1 

8 

6 

0 

100 

" 

18.30  Samuel  S  Drake,  .«,s.       18,59 

.35 

65 

100 

18' 

24 

4 

28 

2 

1 

0 

3 

10 

7 

61 

Farmington, 

IJ^llLjohn  S.  C.  Abbot,  p.        18.58 

49 

66 

115 

18j 

14 

6 

20 

2 

4 

0 

6 

8 

0 

70 

Fall.s 

1859  .lonas  Burnham,  s.s.        1858 

11 

22 

33 

4 

15 

18 

33 

1 

1 

0 

2 

15 

0 

170 

Faj-ette. 

1835 

Vacant 

5 

15 

20 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2; 

0 

0 

0 

FlHgstnff, 

1844 

No  orriinnnrex. 

37 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

ol 

0 

0 

0 

Fort  Fairfipld, 

1843 

Elbridge  Knight,  p.          1852 

5 

5 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2. 

0 

0 

0 

FoxiToft,  {8ee  Dover. 

Vacant. 

Frarfkfort,  1st  cli. 

1820 

Benjimin  Dodge,  s.s.       1859 

11 

52 

63 

11 

2 

0 

2 

2 

1 

0 

3 

1 

0 

100 

"    2il  ch. 

1851 

.James  G.  Koherts,  p.        1858 

9 

24 

33 

3 

14 

0 

14 

0 

1 

0 

1 

12 

0 

80 

Freedom, 

1858 

Joseph  H.  Conant,  s.s.    1859 

12 

13 

25 

0, 

1 

3 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0, 

0 

0 

40 

Freeport, 

1789 

A'acant. 

66  134  i  200 

28 

0 

28 

3 

3 

0 

6 

12 

2 

150 

"     South, 

1857 

Amory  H.  Tvler.  s.s.        1858 

40    52 

92 

21i 

11 

4 

15 

1 

0 

0 

1 

9 

0 

100 

F'-yeburi, 

1775 

David  B.  Sewall,  s.s.         1S59 

57 

137 

194 

19 

13 

1 

14 

1 

3 

0 

4I 

3 

5 

312 

Gardiner, 

183"):Harvev  M.  Stone,  p.         18,57 

35 

91 

126 

27;  23 

13 

36 

3 

1 

1 

5' 

10 

0 

126 

Garland, 

l'<20|  Peter  B.  Thayer,  p.           1848 

31 

49 

80 

0 

18 

0 

18 

2 

1 

2 

5' 

& 

0 

80 

Gilead, 

1818  Edmund  Burt,  s.s.            18.56 

6'  23 

29 

10 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2, 

1 

1 

45 

Gorham, 

17.50      Va,-ant. 

,59  160 

219 

36' 

22 

0 

22 

2 

8 

0 

10 

6 

0 

1-50 

Gray, 

ISOSl.Tames  P.  Richard.son.  p.  18.59 

19'  39 

58 

6 

0 

0 

0 

2 

4 

0 

6 

0 

0 

75 

Haliowell, 

1790^ Horatio  Q,  Butterfield.p.  18-57 

53 

144 

196 

47]  37 

4 

41 

3 

2 

0 

5 

24 

3 

164 

Hampden, 

1-17 

Javan  K.  Mason,  p.         1849 

27 

71 

98 

15' 

9 

0 

9 

4 

1 

0 

5 

3 

1 

130 

Ilarpswell, 

1753 

(?) 

22 

49 

71 

11! 

28 

0 

28 

3 

1 

0 

4 

14 

0 

96 

Harrison, 

182(! 

Edward  S.  Palmer,  s.s.    18.59 

24 

43 

67 

22' 

0 

0 

0 

3 

5 

0 

8 

0 

0 

65 

Hebron  &  W.  Minot. 

1802 

Horatio  llslev,  s.s.            1859 

22 

40 

62 

2 

4 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

80 

Hiram, 

1726 

Cyril  Pearl,  s.s.                1858 

5 

9 

14 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

40 

Hocigilon, 

1845 

6 

5 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Hoi  Jen, 

1828 

Francis  Southworth,  p.    1*.57 

36 

54 

90 

18 

11 

0 

11 

3 

0 

0 

3 

7 

0 

106 

Houlton, 

1833 

Elbridge  G.Carpenter,8S.  18-59 

2 

8 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

15 

Industry, 

1808 

J.  Forbush,  s.s.                1858 

20 

33  i  53 

17 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

0 

5 

0 

0 

110 

Island  Falls, 

1859 

Vacant. 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

I.sle  au  Ilaut, 

1857 

Joshua  Eaton,  s.s.           1853 

6 

15 

21 

1 

11 

0 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

35 

Jefferson, 

1*43 

2 

1 

3 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Jonesboro', 

1840 

No  report. 

Kenduskeas, 

18,34 

Vacant 

19 

40 

59 

8 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

34 

Kennebunk, 

1826 

Franklin  E.  Fellows,  p    1858 

14 

39 

53 

4 

0 

2 

2 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

42 

Kennebui  kport,  1st, 

17.30 

Morris  Holman,  s.s.         1><.58 

61 

10 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

'•     South, 

18,38 

Philip  Titcomb,  p.            1855 

53 

4 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

60 

Kingfield, 

1819 

D  ivid  Turner,  s  s.            1859 

1 

6 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Kittery, 

1714|Elward  P.  Tenney,  p. 

45 

10 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

51 

Lebanon, 

17651  William  A.  Fobes,  p.        1859 

22 

58 

80 

16 

2 

4 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

1 

71 

Letter  F, 

1H34  Marcus  R.  Keep,  s.s.        18,57 

0 

2 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Lewiston  Falls, 

1826!. Aaron  C.  A'lanis,  p.         18,58 

46 

110 

156 

11 144 

8 

52 

0 

7 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1.35 

"     Pine  St.  ch. 

1854  Uriah  Balkam,  p.              1856 

40 

109 

149 

15. 

56 

22 

78 

3 

3 

1 

7 

37 

19 

161 

Limerick, 

1795 1     Vacant 

98 

0 

23 

1 

'-^t 

1 

2 

0 

4 

50 

Limington, 

]7S9;,Tohn  Parsons,  p.               1857 

115 

34 

1 

1 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

4 

0 

Lincoln, 

183l!Alvan  J.  Bates,  p.             1847 

11 

34 

45 

11 

14 

0 

14 

0 

2 

0 

2 

14 

0 

85 

Li-bon, 

18.39 

Vacant. 

6 

15 

21 

5 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Litchfield, 

1811 

David  Thurston, D.I)., s.s.  18-59 

33 

371   70 

19 

0 

3 

3 

1 

] 

0 

2 

0 

1 

60 

Lovell, 

179^ 

Joseph  Smith,  p.               1853 

45 

65 

110 

14 

28 

1 

29 

2 

3 

0 

5 

22 

5 

115 

Lubei', 

1818 

No  report. 

Lvu.an, 

1801 

Wales  Lewis,  p.                 18-57 

43 

81 

124 

7 

1 

0 

1 

3 

4 

0 

7 

0 

3 

90 

Machias,  1st  ch. 

1800 

Henry  F.  H.irding,  p.      1855 

61 

101 

1.52 

17 

14 

0 

14 

2 

0 

0 

2 

8 

2 

230 

••     East, 

1826 

Vacant. 

.32 

62 

94 

10 

17 

0 

17 

3 

3 

0 

6 

15 

0 

120 

'•     Port, 

1831 

G.  Bacbeller,  s.s.               1831 

.30 

27 

57 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

50 

Madison, 

1826 

Thomas  G.  .Mitchell,  s.s.  18-51 

14 

35 

49 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

100 

■'     East. 

1858 

John  Forbush,  s.s.            1%9 

2 

6 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

£0 

Mechanic  Falls, 

1840 

Horatio  risley,  s.s.            18-59 

22 

40 

62 

2 

4 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

80 

Mercer, 

1822 

John  Forbush,  .s.s.            1857 

22 

37 

59 

17 

12 

2 

14 

3 

2 

0 

5 

7 

7 

50 

Milo, 

1829 

No  report. 

Minot, 

1791 

Elij  ih  Jones,  p.                 1823 

70 

95 

165 

60 

6 

(» 

6 

0 

7 

0 

7 

3 

5 

50 

Monmouth, 

18.53 

Henry  S.  Loring,  s.s. 

13 

19 

32 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Monson, 

1821 

No  preaching. 

28 

38 

66 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

3 

1 

0 

60 

Monticello, 

1833 

Elbrid-e  Knight,  s.s.       18-59 

2 

5 

7 

1 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

15 

Mt  Desert  &Tremon 

t.l792 

John  W.  Pieice,  ss.         1859 

40 

66 

106 

0 

5 

0 

5 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Naples. 

1858 

James  P. Richardson, s.s  1858 

3 

8 

11 

0 

1 

10 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

75 

>!ewcastle,  Isfc  ch. 

1799 

15 

24 

39 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

20 

"     2d  ch. 

1844 

E.Iwin  B.  Palmer,  p.        1859 

64  128 

192 

19 

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

0 

5 

1 

1 

175 

Newfield, 

1801 

Jonas  Fisk,  s.s.                1858 

!  25 

36 

61 

18 

6 

1 

7 

3 

0 

0 

3 

2 

10 

50 

100 


Statistics. — Maine. 


[Jan. 


CHH 

.  MEMBERS.  11 

*ddit'ns.    removals.  I 

B.WTISMS     . 

June  1,1859.  ! 

1858-9. 

1858-9 

1858-9.  2 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Name. 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Com. 

SB 

1       < 
a      H 

^1 

J3 

~ 

£ 

s 

3 

3 
■0 

0 

3) 

CO 

n 

?• 

fa      g 

< 

— 

-3       ° 

a 

(5 

'A 

H 

< 

M 

M 

New  (ilouce.ster, 

176.5 

IJharle.s  Packard,  p. 

18.54 

^ 

91  141 

22 

0    0 

0 

3 

5    2 

10, 

0 

2  120 

New  Pdrdaiid, 

1836 

Eliph    Hopkins,  s.s. 

1859 

New  Sharon, 

1801 

Jona.  E   Adams,  p. 

1859 

22 

38    60 

0 

9    2 

11 

0 

4 

0 

4 

2 

5 

75 

New  Vineyard, 

1822 

Simeon  Ilai  kett,  s  s. 

1857 

8 

19    27 

0 

0!  0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

50 

Norridgework, 

1797 

Berij.  Tappan,  Jr.,  p. 

1858 

42 

82  126 

23 

0 

3 

3 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

150 

Northfif-ld, 

1836 

Vaca  tit. 

6 

8 

14 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

North  Yarmouth, 

1806 

Caleb  llobart,  p. 

1823 

29 

72 

101 

10; 

0 

1 

1! 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

2 

100 

Norway,  l..t  eh. 

1804 

Nath'l  Riihardson,  S.S. 

1858 

14 

45 1 

59 

8  13 

4 

17 

4 

0 

0 

4 

7 

0 

75 

"     2d  ch. 

18.53 

Vacant. 

14 

53 

67'  13 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

1 

8 

0 

0 

60 

Oldtown, 

1834 

Ebeuezer  Douglass,  p. 

1855 

26 

64 

90 1     6, 

6 

2 

8, 

0 

1 

0 

1 

4 

2 

125 

"    Upper  Stillwater,  IS.'iO 

30 

0: 

1 

Orland, 

18.50 

Vacant. 

9 

27 

36 

3 

0 

2 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1' 

0 

0  108 

Orono, 

1826 

Stephen  L.  Bowler,  s.s. 

1854 

24 

511  75 

12 

5 

0 

6, 

1 

2 

0 

3 

3 

0  125 

Orrinuton, 

1834 

Wellington  Newell,  p. 

1856 

19 

45 

64 

12 

7 

1 

8! 

0 

1 

0 

1! 

4 

0|  60 

Otisfield, 

1797 

William  Davenport,  s.s. 

1859 

34 

53 

87 

45| 

5 

0 

5' 

3 

8 

1 

12 

5 

0:100 

Oxford, 

1826 

Vacant. 

17 

33 

50 

20 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

oi 

1 

0      0 

Paris,  South, 

1812 

Alanson  Southworth,  p. 

1859 

42 

85  127 

23 

2 

2 

4i 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

1  125 

Parsonsfield, 

1795 

No  preaching. 

8 

18 

26 

4' 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

i 

0 

0      0 

Passadumkeag, 

1845 

Vacant. 

2 

8 

10 

11 

6 

1 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0! 

1 

0 

25 

Patten, 

1845 

Ephraim  Fobes,  s.s. 

1853 

4 

5 

9 

ll 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

50 

Pembroke, 

1835 

jVo  preachnis;. 

7 

12 

19 

1; 

0    0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

11 

0 

0 

100 

Perrv,  l^t  ch. 

1822 

Vacant. 

10 

21 

31 

o| 

0 

0 

0, 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

40 

Phillip.'. 

1822 

A'o  prmching. 

17 

28 

45 

16 

4 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

150 

Phipsljurg, 

1765 

Francis  Norwoid,  s.s. 

1858 

51 

119  170 

60 

5 

0 

5! 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

4 

103 

Pittston,lst&2d,1812--49 

Peter  McVicar,  s.s. 

1858 

19 

37    56 

8: 

4 

6 

10 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

0    70 

Poland, 

1825 

Steph.  Gould,  *  July  30, 1859 

12 

24    36 

15! 

1 

1 

2! 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0    35 

Portland,  2d  cU. 

1787 

J.J.  Carruthers,  D.D.,  p 

.  1846 

73 

270  342 

42 

2 

10 

12I 

6 

52 

4 

62 

6  256 

"     31  rh. 

1825 

Win.  T.  Dwight,  n  D.,  p 

1832 

79 

194:273 

39 

17 

6 

23 

4!  10 

0 

14 

7 

6  120 

•'     H'gU  St. 

1831 

J.  W.  (Ihickerlng,  d.d.. 

p.  "35 

114 

298  412 

60 

26 

7 

33, 

6ll9 

0 

25 

10 

30 

450 

"    4th  ch. 

1835 

Amos  G.  Beman,  s.s. 

1858 

13 

31    44 

8' 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

7 

90 

"     Bethel, 

1840 

Samuel  II.  Merrill,  p. 

1856 

17 

26    43 

8 

15 

0 

15 

1 

1 

0 

2' 

1 

0 

70 

"     State  st 

18.52 

George  L    Walker,  p. 

1858 

85 

155  240 

50 

18 

68 

4 

7 

0 

ir 

0 

200 

"     Union, 

1856 

Henry  D.  Moore,  p. 

18 -.7 

110 

174 '284 

51|13 

64 

1 

2 

0 

3 

33 

4  400 

"    St.  Lawrence  st 

.  18.58 

Edward  P.  Thwing,  p. 

1858 

26 

48 

74 

1 

23  16 

39 

0 

1 

0 

1' 

4 

3  200 

Pownal, 

1811 

Vacant. 

31 

63 

94 

21 

0 

1 

1 

2 

2 

0 

4' 

0 

3  100 

Prepque  Isle,  (see  Letter  F.) 

Princeton, 

1858 

Thomas  L.  Ellis,  s.s. 

18.59 

3 

4 

7 

0 

3 

4 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0' 

1 

0 

40 

Rayiiiond  aud  Casco, 

1813 

Jas.  P.  Richardson,  s  s 

18.58 

3 

6 

9 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

35 

Richmond, 

1828 

Truman  A.  Merrill,  s.s 

1859 

12 

34 

46 

13 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

7' 

0 

0 

70 

Robbinston, 

1811 

Vacant. 

34 

67 

101 

19, 

19 

0 

19 

0 

5 

0 

5, 

8 

7 

85 

Rockland, 

1858 

Findley  Wallace,  p. 

1856 

18 

82 

100 

14' 

14 

4 

18 

0 

1 

0 

1; 

14 

0 

104 

Rockport, 

1854 

John  E.  M.  Wrig-ht,  p. 

1857 

12 

28 

4(.» 

2; 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

84 

Rumford, 

1803 

John  Elliot,  s.s. 

1858 

13 

30 

49 

0: 

1 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

Saco, 

1762 

Charles  B.  Rice,  p. 

1859 

267 

22 

31 

2 

33 

8 

5 

0 

13 

250 

Saluion  Brook, 

1845 

Elbridge  Knight,  s.s. 

1852 

3 

5 

8 

0; 

0    0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Ij 

0 

0 

40 

Sandy  Poiut,  (see  Stockton. 

San  ford, 

1786 

Chris.  Marsh,  *  June  30, 1859 

76 

14' 

30 

2 

32 

1 

1 

0 

2 

26 

84 

'•     South, 

1786 

Clement  Parker,  s.s. 

1847 

8 

18 

26 

0 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

30 

Sangerville, 

1828 

R.  W.  Emer.-<on,  s.s. 

18.59 

7 

15 

22 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2' 

0 

0 

50 

Scarboro', 

1728 

John  H   Garman,  s.s. 

42 

59 

101 

21 

3 

1 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

75 

Searsport,  1st  ch. 

1815 

Steph.  Thurston,  D  D.  p 

1826 

47 

125 

172 

27 

7 

0 

7 

2 

10 

7 

19 

3 

2 

125 

"     2dch. 

1855 

Hiram  Houston,  s.s. 

1859 

10 

18 

28 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

48 

Sebec, 

18.33 

Vacant. 

2 

8 

10 1     2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Sedgwick  Village 

1847 

'• 

12 

20 

32 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

"      and  Brooksville,.  . . . 

(.see  Brooksville.) 

1 

Shapleigh, 

1823 

Vacant. 

8 

10 

13 

4 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Sidney, 

1829 

Benj.  Southworth,  s.s. 

1858 

7 

42 

49 

3 

1 

0      1 

2 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

40 

Skowhegan, 

1841 

Leonard  W.  Harris,  s.s 

1856 

17 

30 

47 

81I8 

4 

22 

1 

1 

0 

2 

16 

2 

50 

Solon, 

1842 

Georjie  W.  Fargo,  s.s. 

1858 

3 

7 

10 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

40 

"     South, 

1806 

Vacant. 

15 

19 

34 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

35 

South  Berwick, 

1702 

Ephraim  W.  .\llen,  p. 

1858 

24 

92 

1161  32 

0 

2 

2 

4 

3 

0 

7 

0 

0 

100 

Springfield, 

1840 

Charles  H.  Emerson,  p 

1857 

12 

18 

30'     2 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

90 

St.  Albans, 

18.30 

Daniel  Sewall,  s.s. 

1859 

10 

25 

35      0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0 

50 

Standish, 

1768 

Mark  (iould,  s.s. 

1859 

14 

43 

57    16 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

38 

Stockton,  (Sandy  Pt. 

)  1839 

Hiram  Houston,  s.s. 

1859 

22 

32 

'54      9 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

50 

Strong, 

1810 

Vi»cant. 

50 

50 

100    50 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

70 

Sumner, 

1802 

Benj.  G    Willey,  s.s. 

1851 

38 

72 

110    26 

33 

0 

33 

2 

0 

0 

2 

16 

7 

0 

Swanville, 

1826 

Vacant. 

2 

9 

111     1 

0 

1 

70 

Sweden, 

1817 

" 

27 

40 

67;  12 

19 

5 

24 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

83 

Temple, 

1805 

Simeon  Hackett,  p. 

1851 

27 

42 

69!  '-21 ' 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

60 

Thomaston, 

1809 

James  McLaine,  p. 

1859 

16 

60 

76 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

3 

5 

•  0 

0 

86 

Thorndike, 

1834 

Vacant 

5 

15 

20 

6 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Topsham, 

1789 

Daniel  F.  Potter,  s.s. 

1.856 

m 

68 

101 

3i 

4 

3 

7 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

75 

Turner, 

1784 

Samuel  Bowker,  s.s. 

18.5i5 

3;) 

72 

108 

10 

3 

1 

4 

0 

2 

0 

2 

3 

1 

90 

Union, 

1803 

Edward  Buck,  s.s. 

1859 

18 

36 

54 

15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Unity, 

1804 

Joseph  H.  Conaut,  s.s. 

18.59 

6 

19 

25 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

Vassalboro", 

1818 

Henj    Southworth,  s.s. 

1858 

7 

42 

49 

3 

1 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

40 

Veasie, 

183S 

Smith  Baker  Jr.,  s.s. 

18.58 

13 

27 

4( 

10 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

1 

98 

Waldoboro',  1st  ch. 

1807 

riiomas  S.  Itobie,  p. 

1859 

65 

153 

218 

33 

0 

2 

2 

0 

2 

1 

3 

0 

c 

185 

"    2a  ch. 

185b 

Flavius  V.  Norcross,  p. 

1858 

11 

17 

28 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

I860.] 


Statistics. — New  Hampshire. 


101 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

ADDIT'NS.i 

REMOVALS.    1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

June  1,  1859. 

1868-9.  j 

1858-9 

1858-9.   S 

_2 

>j 

a 

c 

>i 

.a 

a 

J 

■4^ 

02 

Place  and  Xame. 

Org 

Name. 

Com. 

3 

i 

< 

^ 

s 

-«1 

S 

o 

< 

"s 

*2 

n 

o 

U) 

O 

»< 

•a 

fl 

< 

^ 

■1         H 

■< 

X 

hJ 

H 

2 

Q 

H 

H 

< 

03 

Warren, 

lS2>i 

David  Cushman,  p. 

1857 

1  47 

107 

154 

20 

af 

4 

34 

74 

3 

0 

7 

21 

~T 

155 

Washington, 

isn 

Edward  Buck,  s.s. 

1859 

10 

22 

32 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Wh  terfur.i. 

1799 

.lohn  A.  Douglass,  p. 

1821 

64 

108 

172 

14 

5 

3 

8 

4 

0 

0 

4 

3 

0 

120 

Waterville, 

182S 

Ed  ward  Hawes,  p. 

1858 

22 

67 

89 

11 

38 

8 

46 

3 

6 

0 

9 

18 

4 

228 

Meld, 

1809 

Steplien  Titcomb,  p. 

1855 

21 

23]  44 

0 

3 

2 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

125 

Wells.  1st  ch. 

1701 

Giles  Leach,  .«!.s. 

1854 

46 

103; 149 

37 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

6 

0 

1 

120 

•'    2a  th. 

1S31 

Jonathan  B.  Cook,  p. 

1855 

20 

43 1  63 

13 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

60 

Westbrook,  Istch. 

i7ao 

A'acant. 

14 

33 

47 

3 

6 

0 

6 

0 

3 

0 

3 

4 

0 

90 

"     2Uh. 

1832 

" 

28 

68 

96 

20 

3 

2 

5 

2 

6 

0 

8 

1 

0 

80 

AVhifins?, 

1833 

" 

4 

7 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

•0 

0 

50 

■Whitucyville, 

18315 

Gilnian  Bacheller,  s.s. 

1859 

17 

13 

30 

1 

2 

0 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

0 

50 

"Wiltnn, 

1818  John  Baker,     *  Oct.  27 

,1859 

35 

50 

85 

23 

6 

4 

10 

1 

1 

0 

2 

5 

1 

84 

Wiiidliam, 

1743, Luther  Wiswall,  p. 

1854 

9 

40 

49 

10 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

50 

AVindsor, 

1820!      Vacant. 

10 

18 

28 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Wiriplow, 

1828 

David  Shepley,  s.s. 

1851 

14 

47 

61 

21 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

80 

AViurhrop, 

177B 

Vacant. 

49 

89 

134 

35 

15 

1 

16 

5 

6 

0 

11 

8 

2 

120 

AA'isiasfet, 

1773 

Josiah  Merrill,  p. 

1857 

37 

113 

150 

15 

17 

2 

19 

4 

5 

0 

9 

3 

2 

100 

AVoolwich, 

17i36 

.\I.  L.  Richardson,  s.s. 

1859 

19 

43 

62 

1 

11 

0 

11 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

75 

Yarmouth, 

1730 

Asa  T.  Luring,  s.s. 

1859 

47 

130 

177 

20 

30 

3 

33 

7 

52 

0 

59 

13 

4 

165 

••     Central, 

1S59 

Vacant. 

14 

38 

52 

1 

0 

52 

52 

50 

Y.irk,  1st  ch. 

1(373 

William  W.  Parker,  s.s 

1859 

25 

63 

88 

16 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

0 

5 

0 

0 

100 

"     2dch. 

1732 

Samuel  11  Patridj'e,  3  s 

.1859 

8 

26 

34 

7 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

35 

C'hhs.  specified  but  not  reported — from  previous  re 

ports. 

91  16 

52 

96 

Summary.— Churches,  247;  Ministers.  149 ;  Church  members,— 5.684  Males.  12,067  Females  ;  Total,  19,136, 
including  2,918  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,-1.938  by  profession,  486  by  letter ;  Total,  2,424.  Re- 
movals in  1858-9,— 325  by  death,  543  by  dismissal,  41  by  excommunication;  Total,  909.  Baptisms, — 981 
Adult,  330  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  20,353. 

Other  Ministers. —John  R.  Adams,  Gorham  ;  John  L.  Ashby,  Saccarappa  ;  Silas  Baker,  Standish  ;  Jo- 
seph Blake,  Hradley  ;  John  Boynton,  Wiscasset ;  Caleb  Bradley  ,  Westbrook,  (ord.  Oct  9,  1799  ;)  Charles 
M.  Brown,  .Mt.  Desert  ;  John  Dodd,  North  Bridgton ;  Nathan  Douglas,  Bangor;  John  W.  EUiugwood,  D  D., 
Bath  ;  M.  W.  Goodsell,  Falmouth  ;  Thomas  S.  Goodwin,  Skowhegau  ;  [Samuel  Harris,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Bangor 
Theol.  !^em  y,  Bangor  ;]  Albert  B.  Houston,  Mt.  Desert ;  Marcus  R.  Keep,  mi.ssionary,  No  11,  Ashland  :  Dan- 
iel Kcndrick,  Portland  ;  Joseph  Loring,  Monsou  ;  John  H.  McMonagle,  Cooper;  Henry  A.  Merrill,  Windham  ; 
Josiah  G.  Merrill,  Wiscas.set ;  Alpheus  S.  Packard,  Prof,  in  Bowdoin  (loll,  and  William  A.  Packard,  Bruns- 
wick ;  Joseph  Peart.  Whitneyville  ;  Enoch  Pond,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Bangor  Theol.  Sem'y,  Bangor ;  Daniel  J. 
Poor,  Gorham  ;  Charles  W.  Richardson,  Northfield  :  Daniel  Sewall,  South  Paris  ;  [George  Shepard.  D.D., 
Prof,  in  Bangor  Theol.  Sem'y,  Bangor ;]  Alfred  L.  Skinner,  Portland  ;  Daniel  T.  Smith,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Bangor 
Theol.  Sem'y,  Bangor  ;  William  Smyth,  and  Egbert  C.  Smith,  Profs,  in  Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick  ;  Sam- 
uel Stone.  Falmouth  ;  Henry  G.  Storer,  Evangelist,  Scarborough ;  Benjamin  Tappan,  D.D  ,  Sec.  Maine  Miss. 
Soc,  Augusta ;  George  F.  Tewksbury,  Oxford ;  Thomas  C.  Upham,  D.D„  Prof,  in  Bowdoin  College,  Bruns- 
wick ;  William  Warren.  Dist.  Sec  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  Gorham  ;  Isaac  Weston,  Cumberland  Center ;  James  Wes- 
ton, Standish  ;  Richard  WoodhuU,  Agent  Am.  Bible  Soc,  Bangor  ;  Leonard  Woods,  D  D.,  Pres.  Bowdoin 
College,  Brunswick  ;  Franklin  Yeaton,  Precep.  of  Family  School  for  Girls,  New  Gloucester. — 41. 

The  General  Conference  of  Maine,  which  collects  the  statistics,  is  composed  of  delegates,  ministerial  and 
la  J',  from  the  fourteen  County  Conferences  into  which  the  churches  enumerated  above  (with  one  in  New' 
Brunswick,  and  one  in  New  Hampshire)  are  organized,  viz.  :  Aroostook,  Cumberland,  Franklin,  Hancock, 
Kennebec,  Lincoln  and  Sagadahoc.  Oxford,  Penobscot,  Piscataquis,  Somerset,  Union,  Waldo,  Washington, 
and  York.  Their  statistics  include  an  additional  column  of  ■'  donations," — of  which,  218  churches  reported 
$26,922,  The  tables  also  include  the  date  of  ordination  of  each  minister,  and  the  month  and  day  of  all 
dates. 

NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 

[Reported  to  Aug.  1, 1859.] 
Note.— In  the  statistics  of  this  State,  '  Absent '  are  included  in  the  Total,  but  not  in  '  males  '  and  '  females.' 


Ai- worth. 
Aisle  id,  1-t  ch. 

"     New, 

"     Paper  Mill, 
Alton, 
Amherst, 
AndDVer, 
Atkinson, 
Auburn, 

Barnstead, 

Harrington, 

Bath, 

Bennington, 

Bethlehem, 

Boscawen,  East, 

"     West, 
Br.adford, 
Brentwood,       re- 
Bridgewater, 
Bristol, 


1773 
1777 
1788 
1842 
1827 
1741 
1841 
1772 
1843 

1804 
1775 
1778 
1839 
1802 
1740 
1804 
1803 
1756 
1790 
1826, 


Anms  Foster,  p. 
Abel  Patten,  s.s. 
Bezaleel  Smith,  p. 
Nath'l  F.  Goodhue. 

Vacant. 
Josiah  G,  Davis,  p. 

Vacant. 
Jes.se  P^grt,  s  s. 
James  Holmes,  p. 
(  Enos  George, 
1  Jeremiah  Blake, 
Charles  Willey,  s  s. 
William  Page,  s.s. 
\\m.  Claggett,s.s. 
T.  H.  Johnson,  s.s. 
Ambrose  Smith,  p. 
Edward  Buxton,  p. 

Vacant. 
Hugh  McLeod,  p. 

Vacant. 
Wm.  S.  Spaulding, 


1857 

1858 

1852 

s.s,  1858 

1844 

1845 
1849 
died  1859 
s.s.  1859 
18.59 
1859 
1859 
1858 
1853 
1837 

1859 

s.s.  1859 


581  991172 


231  48 

441  98 

111  25 

23 1  32 


55 


"15 

0 

6 

6 

7 

3 

0 

10 

0 

6 

16 

0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

28 

4 

1 

5 

4 

0 

1 

5 

1 

0 

7 

0 

2 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 

8 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

2 

26 

11 

10 

21 

3 

5 

0 

8 

4 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

19 

2 

4 

6 

2 

2 

0 

4 

1 

1 

11 

3 

9 

12 

1 

2 

0 

3 

2 

0 

63 

0 

2 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

37 

21 

1 

22 

3 

2 

5 

12 

1 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

25 

3 

1 

4 

5 

1 

0 

6 

1 

3 

30 

1 

3 

4 

4 

3 

0 

7 

0 

6 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

10 

9 

1 

10 

1 

3 

0 

4 

8 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

6 

2 

3 

5 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

0 

100 
65 

140 
50 
60 

280 

121 

140 

200 
70 

250 
75 
85 

125 

160 

140 

50 


102 


Siatistics. — Neiv  Ilamjjshlre. 


[Jan. 


Place  and  Name.      Org, 


Name. 


Com. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

Aui?.  1,  1859. 


Brookline, 

Campton, 

Canaan, 

Candia, 

Canterbury, 

Center-Harbor 

Charlestown, 

Chester, 

Che.<terf5eld, 

Chichester, 

Clareniont, 

Colebrook, 

Concord,  Lit, 

"     South, 

"     A\'est, 

"     East, 
Conway, 
Cornish, 
Croydon, 
Dal  ton, 
Dan  bury, 
Dartmouth  College, 
Deerfield, 
Deeringr, 


183ij 
18213 
1747 
1761 
1698 


1810 

18U9 

1766 

1789 

Derry/lst  ch.  1749  &  1810 

"     lat  Con.  ch.         1«37 
Dorchester,  1828 

Dover,  1st  ch.  1638 

"    Belknap  ch.         1856 
Dublin,  1827 

Dunbarton,  1789 

Durham,  1728 

Effingham, 
Enfield, 
Epping, 
Epsom, 
Exeter,  1st  ch. 

"    2d  ch. 
Farmington, 
Fisherville, 
FitzwiilUim, 
Francestown, 
Franconia, 
Franklin, 
Oilman  ton  Center, 

"     1st  ch. 

"     Iron  Works, 
"Gilsum, 
Goffstown, 

Goshen,  180J! 

Groton,  1779 

Great  Falls,  1st  ch.       1827 

"    2dch.  18.57 

Greenfield,  1st  ch.        1792 

"     Ev.  ch.  1798 

Greenland,  1706 

Ilampstead,  1752 

Hampton,  16.38 

H.Falls  &  Seabrook,    1836 
Hancock,  1788 


179) IT.  P.  Sawin,  p. 
1774  .laraea  U.  Hadley,  p. 

1803  Mo^es  Gerould,  s.s. 

1770  K.  N   Hidden,  p. 
Unknown.  I II,  Mooily,  p. 

1S.S8  AUnon  Benson,  p. 
l,'<3,')|.l'iseph  Garland,  s.s. 
1731   H.  0.  Hnwland,  p. 

1771  l-leflfries  Hall,  s  s. 
1791;.lo.«hua  S.  Gay,  s.s. 

(?)1770!Roh't  F.  Lawrence,  p. 
18.521     Vacant. 
17.30  N.  Bouton,  D.r>.,p. 
1837  Henry  K.  Parker,  p. 
1S33  Asa  E'.  Tenny,  p. 
1S42Ie.  0.  Jameson,  s.s. 
1778  Reuben  Kimball,  s  s. 
1768lAlvah  Spaulding,  p. 
1778  1  Sab.  in  4,  by  A.sso. 


Lieeni-iate. 
Daniel  Goodhue,  p. 
(see  Hanover.) 
U.  \V.  Oondit,  p. 

Vacant. 

E.  G.  Parsons,  p. 

A'^acant. 
E.  II.  Richard.son,  p. 
B.  F.  Parsons,  p. 

Vacant, 
•lohn  M.  Putnam,  p. 
Alvan  Tobey,  p. 


1771 
1773 
1814 
1822 
1825 
1774 
1830 


1810 
1840 
1790 
1779 
1769 
1815 


Hanover,  Dart.  Col.  ch.l80o 

"     Center, 
Ilarrisviile, 
Haverhill, 
Hebron, 
Henniker, 
Hill, 
Hillsboro'  Bridge, 

"     Center, 
Hinsdale, 
Hollis, 
Ilooksett, 
Uopkinton, 
Hudson, 
Jaffrey, 

"     Kast, 
Keene, 
Kingston, 
Laconia, 
Lancaster, 


Vacant. 

Isaac  lingers,  p. 

J   H.  Stearns,  s.s. 

Charles  Willey,  s.s. 
Vacant. 
174410.  T.  Liuphear,  p. 
1819      Vacant. 
1850  Albert  Vf.  Fiske,  p. 
Vacant. 

Charles  Cutler,  p. 

T  H.  Johnson,  p. 

William  T.  Savage,  p. 

R.  M.  Sarj^ent,  p. 
Vacant. 

Jairus  Ordway,  s.s. 
1772  i Ezra  .\dams,  p. 
1801  John  W.  Rav,  s.s. 

Henry  Richardson,  s.s. 

Liba  Conant,  s.s. 

G.  N.  Anthony,  p. 

R.  M.  Sawyer,  p. 

John  Le  Bosquet,  s.s. 

Dan'l  McClenuiug,  s.s. 

Kdward  Robie,  p. 

T.  0.  Pratt,  p. 

John  Colby,  p. 

Geo.  W.  Thompson,  s.s, 

Asahel  Bigelovv,  p. 

John  Richards,  d.d.      ' 

John  Adams,  s.s. 

Widiani  G.  Tuttle;  p. 

John  D.  Emerson,  p. 

Liba  Conant,  s.s. 

J.  M.  R.  Eaton,  p. 
Vacant. 


183y  H.  Brickett,  s.s. 
1769      Vacant. 
1821  Moses  H.  Wells,  p. 
1743  Pliny  B.  Day,  p. 
1828 1 E.  II.  Caswell,  s.s. 
1757l.\l.  B.  Angier,  p. 
18411  Daniel  L.  French,  s.s. 
17Soljohn  S.  Batchelder,  p. 
18501 1''.  D.  Austin,  s.s. 
1738  Z.  8.  B  irstow,  D.D.,p. 
1725  .lohn  II.  Melli.sh,  p. 
1824 |J.  K.  Young,  D.D.,  p. 
183G'Prescott  Fay,  p. 


18.58 
1857 
1818 
1855 
1831 
1856 


I860.] 


Statistics. — Neiv  HampsJiire. 


103 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

AnniT'Ns.i 

KKMr.VAl.S.    1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

Aug.  1,  1859. 

185&-9.  1 

1858-9.     1 

1858-9  S 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

9 

0 
■5     >J 

u 

>j 

X3 

.    S 

>) 

.u 

^ 

0 

5 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

.2 

«5 

0 

< 

0 

.1    % 
0    H 

c 

a 
< 

1 

c 

< 

CO 

Langdon, 

1792  j 

13 

271  43 

~~3 

6 

0 

6 

2 

1 

0 

3, 

2 

l!  60 

LebHDon, 

1768,  Charles  L.  Downs,  p. 

1849 

43  102  150 

5 

3 

3 

6 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

1 

125 

Lenipster,  Ist  ch. 
"    2dch. 

jIPI  1  Robert  W.  Fuller,  s.s 

.  1856 

31 

7 

52    93 
13    27 

10 

7 

15 
3 

3 
1 

18 
4 

1 
0 

2 
0 

0 
0 

3 
0 

8 
2 

0 
0 

90 

75 

Littleton, 

1S03  Wm.  S.  Palmer,  s.s. 

1859 

30 

75  120 

15 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

0 

150 

Loudon,  1st  ch. 

1789  Enoch  Corser,  s.s. 

1857 

21 

471  76 

8 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

0 

1 

60 

"     2Jch. 

1828,     Vacant. 

10 

21    39 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o; 

0 

0 

Lyme, 

1771  Erdix  Tenny,  p. 

1831 

119  230  383 

34 

16 

9 

25 

3 

7 

10 

11 

21285 

Lyndeboro', 

17571 K.  B.  Claggett,  p. 

1846 

47 

6711.31 

17 

12 

3 

15 

4 

1 

0 

5' 

9 

8  151 

Manchester,  1st  ch. 

1S28  C.  U'.  AVallace,  p. 

1840 

82 

234 '394 

78 

24  19 

43 

3 

7 

0 

10, 

12 

6.447 

"    2dch. 

18441  W.  H.  Feun,  p. 

1859 

41 

110,235 

84 

19 

5 

24 

5 

15 

0 

20 

13 

1,350 

"     Mis.  ch. 

1852! Lyman  B.  Marshall,  s.s 

.1856 

11 

22 1  52 

19,  2 

6 

8 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

l|l62 

Marlborough, 

1778  Giles  Lyman,  s.s. 

1840 

25 

52  108 

31 

1 

4 

5 

1 

3    0 

4' 

0 

2 '182 

Mason, 

1772  Daniel  Goodwin,  s.s. 

1857 

38 

66  126 

22 

4 

2 

6 

1 

1    1 

3 

3 

3,165 

"     2d  ch. 

1847, George  E.  Fisher,  p. 

1859 

21 

64' 121 

36 

4 

4 

8 

3 

2    1 

6! 

3 

0|  90 

Merlden, 

1780  Amos  Blanchard,  p. 

1840 

25 

39:104 

40 

11 

2 

13 

1 

3    0 

4 

10 

3  100 

Meredith, 

1815  Charles  Bum  ham,  p. 

1857 

20 

41 

69 

8 

:  4 

0 

4' 

1 

0|  0 

1! 

4 

1 

75 

Merriniac, 

1771  E.J.  Hart,  p. 

1856 

.58 

115 

199 

26 

11 

0 

11' 

4 

7    2 

13 

5 

16 

187 

"    South, 

1829  Daniel  Sawyer,  s.s. 

1853 

12 

29 

62 

21 

0 

1 

l! 

0 

3!  0 

3 

0 

0 

58 

Miiford, 

1788  S.  C.  Kendall,  p. 

1858 

76 

1721300 

52 

6 

6 

12 

1 

2 

0 

3 

4 

0 

412 

Milton, 

1815  Jame.s  Dnldt,  s  s. 

1848 

22 

541  76 

0 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

0 

6' 

2 

0 

175 

Mount  VernoD, 

1780  Charles  E.  Lord,  p. 

1857 

40 

80  140 

20 

3 

0 

3 

4 

0 

0 

4 

2 

1 

130 

Moultonboro',  1st  ch 

1777      A'acaut. 

13 

27    48 

8 

0 

15 

15 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

"     2dch. 

1855 

5 

5    10 

0 

010 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0' 

0 

0 

0 

Nashua,  1st  ch. 

1685  Charles  .7.  nill,  p. 

1857 

87 

282  461 

92 

30 

9 

39 

4  12 

0 

16' 

4 

3  560 

''     Olive  St. 

18.34' Austin  Richards,  p. 

1833 

100 

243  443 

100 

1 

5 

6 

2 

13 

0 

15! 

0 

1287 

"     I'earl  st. 

1846  E.  H.  Greeley,  p. 

1858 

57 

161  254 

86 

21 

5 

26 

1 

10 

1 

12' 

6 

3  311 

Nelson, 

1781  A.  U.  Cutter,  s.s. 

1856' 

31 

42 

130 

57 

0 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

5! 

0 

2  150 

New  Alstead,  (seeAlstead.)! 

1 

Newcastle, 

1671  Lucius  Alden,  s.s. 

1846' 

9 

28 

37 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0;164 

New  Ipswich,  1st  ch. 

1760,  Samuel  Lee,  p. 

1836, 

47 

84 

156 

25 

2 

2 

4 

3 

1 

2 

6; 

1 

0,140 

"     •'     2d  ch. 

1851 1 

29 

52 

93 

12 

4 

0 

4 

0 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0|  80 

Newmarket, 

1828  Elias  Chapman,  s  s. 

1858' 

16 

23    51 

12 

1 

2 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0  164 

Newport. 

1779  Henry  Ouramiiigs,  p. 

1851 

71 

119  250 

60 

1 

5 

6 

10 

7 

0 

17! 

1 

7  174 

Northfield  &  S.  Br., 

1822  Oorban  Curtice,  p. 

1843 

38 

91:157 

28 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2  1,30 

North  Hampton, 

17,39!. lohn  Diusinore,  p. 

1858 

58 

91 1 167 

18  14 

0 

14 

6 

4 

6 

16 

4 

2  200 

North  Woltboro', 

1839' Stephen  Merrill,  s.s. 

1850 

17 

27 1  58 

14 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2i  70 

Nortliwood, 

1798  Henry  C.  Fay,  p. 

1858: 

42 

81  140 

17 

0 

3 

3 

3 

3 

0 

6' 

0 

0  154 

Nottingham, 

1840  Jacob  Hood,  s.s. 

1 

1      5 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Oi  60 

Orford, 

1822  Windsor  A.  Smith,  s.s. 

1857 

18 

45    82 

19 

2 

0 

2 

0 

10 

10, 

2 

2  150 

Orfordville, 

Vi~,Q\Licenliaie. 

1 

17 

52,  93 

24 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

0 

11  50 

Ossipee, 

1806  Horace  Wood,  s.s. 

1848 

27 

38 1  75 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0! 

0 

1120 

Pelham, 

1751  Win.  T   llerrick,  s.s. 

1858 

17 

49'   79 

13 

4 

3 

7 

3 

8    0 

11' 

1 

0  120 

Pembroke, 

18u8  Lewis  Goodrich,  p. 

1857 

30 

79  142 

33;;  9 

0 

9 

4 

3    0 

7| 

6 

2  207 

Peterboro'  Un.  Ev., 

1858  George  Dustan,  p. 

1859 

24 

48    75 

3|  0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0,125 

Piermont, 

180.3  Increases   Davis,  s.s. 

1840 

78 

52  144 

14 

0 

2 

2 

1 

0 

1' 

0 

1!  65 

Pittsfield, 

1789  J.  Augustine  Hood,  p. 

1854 

47 

113  200 

40 

0 

4 

4 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

2  155 

Plainfield, 

1804  Jacob  Scales,  s.s. 

1842 

5 

16 1  28 

7 

1 

0 

1: 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Oi  25 

Plaistow, 

1730!     Vacant. 

23 

54    86 

9 

4 

0 

4' 

1 

5 

0 

6 

1 

21  70 

Portsmouth, 

1671 

It 

68 

205  322 

49 

4 

9 

13 

6 

15 

1 

22 

1 

3 '208 

Plymouth, 

1765 

Wm.  R.  Jewett,  p. 

1845 

3J 

74  138 

34 

2 

3 

5! 

4 

5 

0 

9: 

1 

4;  160 

Raymond, ' 

1791 

A'acant. 

63 

80  160 

17 

3 

0 

3 

0 

2 

0 

2 

3 

0:105 

Kind;;e, 

1765!  A.  W.  Burnham,  D.D.  p 

.1821 

83 

129  224 

12 

2 

0 

2 

3 

15 

0 

18 

0 

3 '208 

Rochester, 

1737'J.  M.  Pal.iier,  p. 

1859 

19 

941113 

11 

8 

19! 

1 

2 

1 

4, 

6 

3  100 

Ko.Kbury, 

1816, T.  W.  Duncan,  s.s. 

1858 

4 

10    16 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1    0 

f 

0 

Ol  40 

Rye, 

1726  J.  T.  Otis,  p. 

1844 

32 

76! 108 

3 

0 

3 

2 

0    0 

2 

0 

0!  75 

Salem, 

1740  John  Lawrence,  s.s. 

18.59 

12 

23,  46 

11 

0 

4 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0: 

0 

0  120 

Salisbury, 

1773  Horatio  Merrill,  p. 

1858 

26 

54    82 

2 

9 

5 

14 

5 

0 

0 

5 

4 

3  110 

SaUnon  Falls, 

1846  Dana  B.  Bradford,  p. 

1858 

10 

41 

95 

44I2O 

5 

25' 

1 

7 

1 

9 

9 

0:  80 

Sanbornton, 

1771  Jauies  Routwell,  p. 

1852 

42 

77 

134 

15 

2 

1 

3 

2 

0 

1 

3 

1 

0  134 

Sandwich, 

1814^  Royal  P.trkinson,  s.s. 

1858 

12 

22 

47 

13 

0 

0 

0, 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2  120 

Sandwich  North, 

1832:     Vacant. 

7 

10 

25 

8 

0 

0 

0; 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1  100 

Shelburne, 

1818  Edmund  Burt,  s.s. 

1858 

0 

4 

4 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

45 

South  Newmarket, 

1730\Viuthrop  Fifield,  s.s. 

1852 

9 

17 

33 

7 

0 

0 

0' 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

95 

Stewartstown, 

1846|Joseph  B.  Hill,  s.s. 

1857 

13 

22,  39 

4 

1 

1 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

1 

60 

Stoddard, 

1787!N.  W.  Sheldon,  s.s. 

1858 

2 

18'  25 

5 

0 

0 

0; 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Stratliam, 

1     Vacant. 

15 

28    46 

3 

3 

3 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

Sullivan, 

1792  George  W.  Stinson,  s.s. 

1859, 

27 

46    87 

14 

3 

0 

3 

7 

1    0 

8 

2 

3 

160 

Surry, 

1769;     Vacant. 

2 

10    13 

1 

1 

0 

1! 

1 

0    0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

Swanzey, 

1741  John  G.  Wilson,  p. 

1859 ' 

15 

35!  62 

12 

2 

3 

5 

4 

0    0 

4 

2 

1 

120 

Tamworth, 

1792  John  U   Merrill,  p. 

1853 

48 

69  154 

39 

1 

0 

1! 

4 

2 

0 

6 

0 

4 

110 

Temple, 

1771  George  Goodyear,  p. 

1855 

% 

62  111 

19 

7 

2 

9 

1 

4 

0 

5 

1 

0  150 

Thornton, 

17801     Vacant. 

6    14 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

20 

Troy, 

1815  Luther  Townsend,  p. 

1845 

18 

34    67 

15 

0 

2 

2 

2 

3 

0 

6 

0 

0 

135 

Tuftonboro', 

1839      Vacant. 

5 

12    21 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

■\Vakelield, 

1785  Martin  Leffingwell,  s.s. 

1857! 

10 

26    45 

9 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

80 

AValpole, 

1761'John  M.  Stow,  p. 

1855 

19 

75  101 

7 

2 

1 

3 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

0 

112 

AVarner, 

1772  Daniel  Warren,  p. 

1857 

27 

63    98 

8 

0 

3 

3 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

80 

Washington, 

1789  John  F.  Griswold.  s  s. 

1844 

4 

29'  33 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

50 

Wentworth, 

1830 

Silas  M.  Blanchard,  p. 

1859 

9 

26 

52 

17 

0 

5 

5 

0 

9 

9, 

0 

0 

130 

104 


Statistics. —  Vermont. 


[Jan. 


CHII.  HEMBRBS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS.      BAPTISMS.    . 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Aug.  1, 1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  S 
o 

13     >J 

c 

^ 

ti 

s 

i  s^ 

Ed 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

« 

g     S 

.2 

c 

H 

a 

d 

2     H     3    <2 

a 

r^ 

f^         H 

< 

a. 

hJ 

H 

O 

o  [i^  1  H  1  <:  1  M 

OJ 

AVest  Lebanon, 

1849] Rulus  Case,  p. 

1851 

38 

63  106'     5 

0 

3 

3 

1 

3 

0     4 

0      4  120 

Westmoreland, 

1764!     Vacant. 

15 

50    75 

10 

0 

0 

0 

3 

2 

0     5 

0      0 

80 

'•     Ev. 

1853; Oscar  Bissell,  p. 

1856 

4 

14    24 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0      0 

0      0 

40 

Wilmot, 

1829'J.  L.  Armes,  p. 

1859 

1() 

'20    39 

2 

5 

1 

6 

1 

0 

0|     li 

2      6 

60 

Wilton.  2d  ch. 

1823  E.  S.  .lord^n,  p. 

1857 

'2() 

63  116 

27 

5 

4 

9 

1 

0 

oi    1! 

5     0169 

Winchester, 

1731)  .John  V   Humphrey,  p. 

1847 

50 

94,174 

30 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

Ol    6i 

01    0il80 

Wolfboro', 

18.34  John  Woo<i,  s.si. 

1859 

i  IV 

43 1  63 

3 

5 

2 

7 

2 

0 

Oj     2| 

2     2i  70 

Summary.— Churches,  184  ;  Ministers,  150  ;  Church  members,— 5,388  Males,  11.464  Females  ;  Total,  20.246, 
including  3  .502  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,-928  by  profession.  1.39  by  letter  ;  Total.  1,.367.  Ifemovals 
in  1858  9. — 341  by  death,  483  by  di-iimissal,  64  by  excommunication  j  Total,  888.  Baptisms,— 468  Adult, 
267  Infant.     In  Sabbath  Schools,  22,752. 

Other  Ministers. —  Samuel  J.  Austin,  Milton ;  Nathaniel  Barker,  Wakefield  ;  Abraham  Bodwell,  Sandborn" 
ton  [ord.  Nov.  13,  1806);  (>.  W.  Campbell,  Kensington;  Enoch  H.  Caswell,  Hooksett ;  John  Clark,  Ply" 
mouth  ;  William  Clark,  Amherst ;  Jacob  Cummings,  Exeter  ;  Joshua  Dodge,  Moultonboro'  (ord  Dec.  21. 1808)  i 
Walter  I'oUett,  Temple;  [Charles  B.  Haddock,  D.  D.,  We.st  Lebanon,  supplying  at  Queechee,  Vt.  | :  Edwin 
Jennison.lWalpole  ;  John  E.  B.  Jewett.  Jaffi-ey  ;  Isaac  Jones,  Derry  ;  Erastus  M.  Kellogg,  Nashu.a  ;  David  Kim- 
ball, Hanover;  Samuel  Kingsbury,  Tamworth  ;  Nathan  Lord,  D.  D,  Pres.  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover ; 
Jonathan  McOee,  Nashua;  Enos  Merrill,  Orford ;  Humphrey  Moore,  D.  D.,  Milford  (ord.  Oct.  13, 
1802):  Josiah  Morse,  Northumberland ;  Daniel  J.  Noyes,  D.  D.,  Prof,  in  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover ;  Wil- 
liam Patrick,  Boscawen  (ord.  Oct  26,  1803);  John  N.  Putnam,  Prof  in  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover;  Kufus 
A.  Putnam,  Pembroke  ;  Koswell  Shurtlcil,  D.  D.,  Uanover,  (ord.  1809) ;  Benjamin  P.  Stone,  D.  D.,  Concord  ; 
John  Ward,  Fitzwilliam. —  28. 

The  General  Association  or  New  Hampshire,  in  whose  minutes  these  churches  (except  Shelburne.)  are 
reported,  together  with  six  Presbyterian  cliurches,  has  hitherto  been  a  clerical  body,  composed  of  repre.sen- 
taiives  from  fourteen  clerical  associations,  viz  :  IJelknap,  Caledonia,  Derry,  ^.armony,  HoUi.s,  Hopkinton, 
Lancaster,  Manchester,  Monadnock,  Orange,  Piscataqua,  Sullivan.  Suncook  and  Union.  Nearly  all  of  the 
churches  themselves  are  arranged  in  eight  independent  conferences.  The  General  Association,  at  its  ses- 
sion of  1859,  voted  to  introduce,  in  future,  a  lay  delegation  from  the  several  conferences. 


VERMONT, 


[Reported  to  May  1, 1859.] 


Addison, 

Albany, 

Alburgh, 

Bakersfield, 

Barnard, 

Barnet, 

Barre, 

Barton, 

Bellows  Falls, 

Bennington,  1st  ch. 

"    2dch. 
Benson, 
Berkshire  East, 
Berlin, 
Bethel, 
Bradford, 
Braintrcc, 
Brandon, 
Brattleboro,  West, 

"     East, 
Bridgewater, 
Bridport, 
Brig'oton, 
Bristol, 
Brookticld,  1st  ch. 

"     2d  ch. 
Brownington, 
Burke, 
Burlington, 
Cabot, 
Cambridge, 
Canaan, 
Castleton, 
Cavendish, 
Cliarlestown,  West, 
Charlotte, 
Clielsca, 
Chester, 
Chittenden, 
Clarendon, 
Colchester, 
Cori.itli, 
Cornwall, 
Coventry, 
Cral'tslmry, 
Cuttiugsville, 


1804 1 
1818' 
1822 
1811 
1782 
1858 
1779 
1817 
1850 
1762 
1836 
1790 
1820 
1798 
1817 
1793 
1794 
1785 
1770 
1816 
1791 
1790 
1841 
18U5 
1787 
1848 
1809 
1807 
1805 
1801 
1792 
1846 
1784 

1844 
1792 
789 
1773 

1822 
1805 
18.30 
1785 
1810 
1795 


A.  R.  Gray,  s.s. 
Calvin  B.  Cady,  s.s. 
C.  \V.  Piper,  s.s. 

Henry  Fairbanks,  s.  s. 
E.  I.  Carpenter,  p. 
J.  U.  Beckworth.  s.s. 
Isaac  S.  Perry,  s.s. 
Isaac  Jennings,  p. 
C.  H.  Hubbai-d,  s.s. 
Ebenezer  Smith,  p. 

lUifus  Childs.  s.s. 


1857 


1853 

1857 


Hubbard,  s.s. 


Silas  McKctm,  p. 
Ammi  Nichols,  s  s. 
J.  D.  Kingsbury, 
Joseph  Chandler,  p. 
George  P.  Tyler,  p. 

F.  AV.  Olmstead,  p. 
Daniel  Sewall,  s.s. 

Daniel  Wild,  p. 

Samuel  R.  Hall,  p. 
J.  Underwood,  s  s. 
Spencer  Marsh,  p. 
Hubbard, 


1842 

1856 
1846 
1853 

1848 


1830 
1855 
1856 
1856 


Edwin  Wheelock,  p. 
J.  B.  Hill,  s.s. 
Willard  Child,  D.  B.,  p.  1845 
No  report. 
f.  T.  Howard,  s.s.  rio. 

C.  M.  Seaton,  p.  1854 

J.  C.  Houghton,  s.s. 
Chester  G.J  elTerds,  p.     1858 

M.  G.  Grosvcnor,  s  s. 

Buel  \V.  Smith,  s.s. 

W.  H.  Kingsbury,  s.s. 

A.  A.  Itaker,  p.  1858 

Pliny  H.  White,  s..s. 

L.  Ives  Uoadley,  s.s. 


6    11    17 

18    28    46 

9;  25;  34 

32  i  68100 

14!  35    49 

9    32!  41 

54  126  180 

25    381  63 

16    36    52 

73  161  £31 

65,  85  150 

471  84  131 

12    22i  34 

35    60]  95 

19!  53 1  72 

41 1113  154 

9;  15'  39 

68  143  211 

46 1   97 '159 

116  228  344 


35  52 
76  137 
3j  6 
16!  29 
69  121 
44!  75 
461  73 
28  451  73 
137  291  428 
511  96  147 
25  29]  54 
14!  23|  37 
98  181  279 


64  112 
93,150 
64  110 

8  9 
32 1  67 
9 1  36]  45 
37  65 1 102 
661161182 
40 1  57 1  97 
35  66  101 
0     4     4 


0 

"0 

0| 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3' 

0 

2 

0 

2 

9 

1 

10; 

0 

0 

0 

0, 

15 

1 

16' 

4 

1 

0 

5' 

0 

0 

0' 

2 

2 

0 

4 

1 

40 

41 ! 

3 

0 

0 

3 

u 

3 

171 

1 

8 

0 

9 

4 

0 

4' 

2 

1 

0 

3 

7    2 

9 

0    1    0 

1 

20 

6 

26 

4!  9 

0 

13 

28 

2 

30; 

1 

13 

1 

14' 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

1 

1 

') 

0 

3 

4 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

4' 

1 

2 

3 

0 

0 

0 

", 

17 

2 

19 

21  2 

0 

4 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

8 

"1 

( 

9 

16 

1 

3 

1 

5I 

15 

2 

171 

6 

( 

9 

22 

30 

11 

41 

3 

(i 

1 

10 

20  10 

30 

1 

0 

0 

1 

^,   '> 

7] 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

4 

7l 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

9 

8 

17 

1 

3 

0 

4 

8 

1 

9 

5 

2 

0 

7' 

14  11 

25 

3  17 

0 

20 

22 

4 

26 

0    2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

^\ 

4 

4 

7: 

2 

0 

0 

2' 

8 

2 

10, 

4 

3 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0' 

3 

8 

0 

11 

5 

5 

10 

3 

10 

15 

28 

16 

0 

16 

0 

8 

1 

9 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

23 

0 

23 

1 

0 

0 

1] 

18 

2 

20 

0 

8 

1 

9 

10 

4 

14 

2 

1 

0 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

0 

3, 

0 

0 

0, 

0 

0 

0 

o| 

I860.] 


Statistics. —  Vermont. 


105 


Place  and  Name. 


Org. 


Name. 


Com. 


CUB.  M£MBERS. 

May  1,  1859. 


'■*Z     '^ 


REMOVALS. 

1858-9. 


Danville, 

Derby, 

Dorset, 

Dummerston, 

Duxbury, 

E.ien, 

Enosburg, 

Essex, 

Fairfax, 

Fairfield, 

Fairhaven, 

Fairlee, 

Fayetteville, 

Ferrisburg, 

Frafiklin, 

Georgia, 

Glover, 

Grafron, 

Granby  &  Victory, 

Greensboro', 

Guilford, 

GuildUall. 

Halifax  West, 

Hardwick, 

Hartford  West,  — - 

H.irtland, 

HighgHte, 

Hiuesburfth, 

Holland,  (Nn report.) 

Hubbard^ron. 

Hyde  Park  North, 

Irasburgh, 

Jamaica, 

Jericho  Center, 

"        Corner, 
JobnsoD, 
Londonderry, 
Lowell, 
Ludlow, 
Lunenburg, 
Lyndon, 
Minche.-^ter, 
Marlboro', 
Mcliidoe's  Falls, 
Middlebury, 
Middletown, 
Milton, 

"     ^\'est, 
Monkton, 

Montgomery  Center, 
Mount  Holly, 
Montpelier, 
Morgan , 
Morristown, 
Newbury,  1st  ch. 
Newhaveu, 
Newport, 
Northfield, 
Norwich, 
Orwell, 
Pawlet, 
Peacham, 
Perkinsville, 
Peru, 
Pittffi^ld, 
Pittsford, 
Pluiufield, 
Plymou  h. 
Pom  fret. 
Post  Mills, 
Poultney,  E^ift, 
Pownal,  North, 
Putnev, 
Queechv, 
Kaudoliih, 

'•        West, 
Kichmond, 
Itipton, 
Rochester, 
Royal  ton, 

\V>L    IT. 


1782,  John  Eastman,  s.  s. 
ISOTIJohn  Fraser,  s.s. 
1784, Parsons  S.  Pratt,  s.s. 
1779jB   F.  Foster,  p.  1846 

S.  Morgan,  s.s. 
1812 

1811  Cephas  H.  Kent,  p.         1852 
1797 1 
1806] 

1800  James  Buckham,  s.a. 
1803  E.  W.  Hooker,  d.d.,  d.    1856 
1833  Enos  Merrill,  s.s. 
1774'S.  Pixby,  ss. 
1824 1 C.  F.  Muzzy,  s.s. 
1817  Lyndon  S.  French,  p.      1845 
1793  George  E.  Sanborne,  p.   1857 
1817 
1785 
1825 
1804 
1791 
1799 
1791 
180: 


Jeremiah  Glines,  s  .s. 
James  P.  Stone,  s.s. 
William  S.  Thomson, 


No  report. 

Henry  A.  Hazen,  s.s. 
18.30,  J.  B.  Gilbert,  s.s. 
1779  Heman  Rood,  s.s. 
1811 JE.  H.  Squier,  s.s. 
1789|Clark  E.  Ferrin,  p.  1856 

1842JJ.  T.  Holland,  p.  1844 

1784  Azariah  Hyde,  s.s. 
1858  j 

1818 Bane,  s.s. 

1791 1  Nelson  Barber,  s.s. 
1791 

No  report. 
1817  James  Dougherty,  p.       1851 

L.  Owen,  s.s.  No  report. 

1816  Thomns  Baldwin,  s.s 
1806  Asa  F.  Cl:.rk.  p. 
1802  William  Sewall,  s.s. 

1817  John  G.  Hale,  s.a 
1784  Nath"l  L.  Upham.  p. 
1776  JobCushmaii,  s.s. 
18^9  B.  F.  Ray,  p. 
1790  James  F.  Hyde,  p. 
1783  Calvin  Grani^er,  p, 
1804'g.  W.  Ranslow,  s.s. 
1853 ;b.  W.  Smiih,  s.s. 
182- 
1817  Sewall  Paine,  p 


1859 


1859 

1856 

1857 
1858 


1823 
1807 
1764 
1800 

1822 
1819 
1789 
1781 
1794 

1807 
1803 
1784 
1797 


53 1  93  146 
49  84  133 
31  67!  98 
27  93120 
6  12  18 
6  161  '22 
63,101 1 164 
331  70 ; 103 
8i  151  23 


36  2 
SO  15 
12 

I  5 

1 

I  2 

33  18 

12 

3 


12  j  32 
30]  52 
10  j  27 
23  67 
10  22 
17  24 


321  64 

12:  431  55, 

42j  72  114 

11  22^  33 

38|  63il0l| 

8j  23|  31: 

17  38  55 


82  133 1  20 
351  59 
46  69 
54!  82 
50 !  94 


23  S3 
6  13 
20,  46 
27  45 
G2  111 


William  H.  Lord,  p. 
Jacob  S.  Clark,  p. 
S.  Robinson,  p. 
H.  N.  Burton,  p. 


1843 

1847 
1827 
1835 
1828 


R.  T.  Hall,  s.s. 
L.  H.  SroDe,  s.s. 
Sam'l  W.  Boardman,  p.  1857 
R.  S.  Cushman,  p.  1843 

S.  Jl.  Wood,  s.s. 
Asaph  Boutelle,  p.  1831 

No  repiort. 

Chai'les  Scott,  s  s. 

Chas.  Walker,  D.D.,  p.     1846 

Horace  Herrick,  s.s. 

No  report. 
Wm.  H.  Bacon,  s.=. 
Smith,  (Baptist)  s.s. 


1783 
1838 
1780 
18.51  John  Ba=com,  s.s. 


47  71  118 

9  lol  19 
29;  .541  83 
36:  71 i 107 
39  73  112 
58  101  159 i 
211  501  71 
26!  58  84 
,149  250  399, 
20 j  8o[   55 1 

9  34'  43 
12|  li:  231 

3;  10  131 
20  36  56 

7|  7,  14l 
160  2.34  ."94 
111  21i  32 
35'  47':  82 
86  179  265 
63  104  167 
17!  27i  44 
281  75103 
83168  251 
67:117^184 
281  63  122 
82; 168  250 


1858 


1776  Henry  M.  Grout,  p. 
18-31  Chas.  B.  Haddock,  D.D.,  s.s. 
1786  Jacob  C.  Cross,  s.s 
18.31  S.  Sparhawk,  s.s. 

I  No  report. 

1828|A.  Hemmenway,  s.s. 
18001CaIeb  H.  Tracy,  s.s. 
1777|Cyrus  B.  Drake,  p.  1837 

14 


42    81  123!  24 

26!  42 1  68;  14 

68  103  171'  37 

45    40,  55|  11 


22 1  28 
22!  29 
94  1931  46 
19 1  30 
60 !  81 
25 1  29 
56,  89 
84il26;  24 


32l  56]  18 

95  1441  30 

159  243    60 


11    7 
0    0 


Oi  18 
18 
0, 


0    0 
0    0 


0 
0 

0 

1 

2 
2 
3 
1 

01  0 

1| 
4| 


12:  0!  12] 


12 


0  0 

1]  0 

3    0 

1|  1 
Oi  0 

1  0 


0:  0 

0,  0 

s!  2 

0;  1 
3,  0 

0!  0 

li  1 

0'  0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


2'  oi  2 
310i  13 
0  0!  0 
2  6i  8, 
19    3'  22 

7    8    15 

■! 


0  0 

8  3i 

31 1  11 

23  6, 

66,  5I 

0,  01 


5  4i 

2I  3f 

2,  0| 

0  0 

7i  2 


0  0:  0 

01  0!  0 
0|  3;  0 
Sl  6  5 
1  0  0 

3;  8  0 

6  0 


45:12    57 

11  0 

5!  2 
36  1li  47; 

3i  1'  4 
24i  0;  24 
13;  8'  21 
.38    9 

ll  1 

2|  0 
lOi  7 


15i  4 

Oi  0 

12  3 

1  4 


Oi  0 
41  0 
71  0 

1  0 
2'  0 
li  0 
0,  0 

2  0 

0!  0 

01  0 


5  3 

2  0 

2  9 

1  0 


14 


2,  1100 
8l  Oi  80 
3j  6  125 
2I  0  80 
50 

1 

2 

0 


0,  0 
0|  3 


92 
160 
60 
0 
20 
56 
50 
75 
100 
60 
100 
01140 
4|  75 
01  01  40 
0|  4:i80 
0  0  40 
10  Oi  50 


20 


5148 
I  60 
0  72 
0!  80- 
1,125 

0;  50 
0  65 
0  50 
1!  70 
2  120 

0  100 


0|  50 
3!  87 
7il55 
16  3  100 
32  19  180 


0 
0 
12 
4 
2 
2 
0   0 


0  50 

0:100 

200 

75 

46 

60 

0 


150 

45 

100 

130 

90 

60 

140 

7  204 

0  100 

1  100 
1200 


75 
59 
115 

7& 


70 
40 
80 
60 
65 
100 

40 
150 
100 


106 


Statistics. —  Vermont. 


[Jan. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns 

REMOVALS. 

baptisms.  . 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

May  1, 1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  3 

■3 

»:) 

a     . 

£     ij 

5 

^ 

c 

0 

ta 

Place  and  Name. 

Org.                      Name. 

Com.  j  1 

5 

< 

0 

H 

I|  s 

i  % 

« 

3 

0 

•a 

c 

< 

Kupert, 

IJ.  B.  Clark,  s.s.       Noripmt. 

1 

II 

1 

Rutland,  West, 

1773|Aldace  Walker,  p. 

1840 

98  137 

235 

28  29 

9 

38 

2 

2 

0 

4 

15 

10 1 240 

Rutland, 

1788  Silas  Aiken,  d.d.,  p. 

1849 

132  251 

383 

L61 

15 

76 

4 

7 

1 

12 

35 

13 

150 

Salisbury, 

1804 

G.  AV.  Barrows,  p. 

1845 

43 

59 

102 

18 

5 

7 

12 

3 

2 

0 

5 

2 

0 

94 

Sandgate, 

A'acant. 

5 

2 

7 

2 

Saston"s  River, 

1823 

Benjamin  Ober,  s.s. 

18 

38 

56 

18 

3 

3 

6 

0 

4 

1 

5 

2 

0 

50 

Sharon, 

1782 

Philetus  Clark,  s.s. 

11 

26 

37 

10 

1 

4 

5'!  0 

2 

0 

2 

1 

57 

Shelburne, 

1851|J.  Wheeler,  D.D.,  R.s. 

11 

18 

29 

11 

0 

11     lii  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

Sheldon, 

1816  Charles  Duren,  s.s. 

16,  32 1  48 

7 

6 

2 

8!   1 

2 

0 

3 

1 

3 

46 

Shoreham, 

17941 E.  B.  Chamberlain,  s.s 

32 

761108 

14 

0 

0 

0,1  2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

4 

80 

South  Hero, 

179.5' 0.  (!.  Wheeler,  p. 

1840 

9 

37    46 

3 

2 

0 

2  1  1 

2 

0 

3 

1 

0 

40 

Springfield, 

17811 N.  S.  Haseliine,  p. 

18.59 

82  1801262 

29 

1 

4 

6,  3 

1 

1 

5 

0 

0 

150 

St.  Albans,  1st  ch. 

18(13 

J.  E.  Rankin,  p. 

1857 

72  1261198 

0 

20 

9 

29    5 

3 

0 

8 

6 

11 

200 

"    2dch., 

1841 

A'Hcant. 

22 

41  i  63 

24 

4 

0 

4  !  1 

0 

0 

1 

4 

2 

40 

St.  Johnsbury,  1st  ch 

.  1809 

11.  Wellington,  p. 

1855 

37 

73 

110 

20 

23 

2 

25|   1 

4 

0 

5 

9 

1\  80 

■'     2d  ch. 

182.5 

Isaac  J.  Hartley,  s.s. 

97 

173 

270 

25;33 

8 

411,  lilO 

1 

12 

14 

l!l7S 

"     3a  ch. 

1840, John  Bowers,  p. 

1858 

33 

53 

86 

26  1  6 

4 

10  1  0 

3 

0 

3 

1 

3  100 

"     So.  ch. 

1851  j     A^acant. 

55 

86 

141 

16:45 

8 

53'  0 

13 

0 

13 

27 

1|207 

Stockbridge, 

1827'L.  N.  Woodruff,  s.s. 

24 

69 

93 

6,25 

10 

35!  1 

3 

0 

4 

17 

7 

75 

Stowe, 

1818  James  T.  Ford,  p. 

1857 

12 

.34 

46 

3 

3 

4 

7    3 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

90 

Strafford, 

1820  Samuel  Delano,  s  s. 

15 

16 

31 

0 

0 

Oi  oi:  1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

25 

Sudbury, 

1799  Henry  F.  Kustedt,  s.s. 

6 

SO 

35 

0 

6 

8 

14    0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

50 

Sunderland  and  East 

»!|i 

Arlington, 

1843, Gordon  Hayes,  s.s. 

5 

12 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

26 

1  (  E.  H.  Dornian,  p. 

1825 

Swan  ton. 

ISOOl  (  John  B.  Perry,  p. 

1855 

41 

84  125 

20 

3 

1 

4'  T 

7 

0 

14 

1 

s 

125 

Thetford, 

1773  Leonard  Tenney,  p. 

1857 

88 

155  243 

48 

21 

4 

251 !  7 

4 

1 

12 

6 

11 

175 

Tinmouth, 

1780  M.  A.  Gates,  p. 

1858 

12 

31    43 

1 

15 

1 

16'   0 

0 

0 

0 

11 

0 

20 

Tcwnsend, 

1776! 

29 

55    84 

24 

0 

0 

0    6 

5 

0 

11 

0 

0 

,00 

"     IVest, 

1850  Seth  S.  Arnold,  s.s. 

12 

37    49 

4 

3 

8 

11    0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

60 

Topsham, 

4 

8    12 

1 

Troy,  North, 

1818!Nathan  Ward,  s.s. 

18 

37    55 

4 

1 

0 

1:  0 

8 

0 

8 

1 

0 

60 

"     South, 

184.5' 

6 

7 

13 

4 

0 

0 

0  i  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Tunbridge, 

1792|  Joseph  Marsh,  s  s. 

24 

38 

62 

8 

4 

0 

4'i  0 

4 

0 

4 

4 

0 

50 

Underbill,  1st  ch. 

1802 1  Simeon  Parmelee,  s.s. 

25 

41 

66 

4  1  2 

11    3!  2 

0 

0 

2 

1 

2 

60 

"    2dch. 

1839} Edwin  Wheelock,  s.s. 

3 

10 

13 

Oi  0 

0 

0    0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

40 

Vergennes, 

1793  H.  F.  Leavitt,  p. 

1836 

67 

145 

212 

44 

5 

2 

7i   3 

8 

0 

11 

1 

5 

Tershire, 

1787  Joseph  Fuller,  s.s. 

19 

22 

41 

7 

3 

0 

3    1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

3    50 

AVaitsfield, 

1796  Robert  Stuart,  s.s. 

44 

49 

113 

33 

0 

0 

0,   0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    70 

Wallingford, 

1790  ir.  H.  Saiider-on,s.s. 

17 

62 

79 

11 

4 

0 

4|   0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

1  100 

\^'ardsboro', 

1793  K.  D.  Miller,  s.s. 

30 

57 

87 

13 

5 

3 

8;  3 

2 

0 

5 

2 

3 

Washington, 

1800 

8 

10 

18 

4 

0 

0 

0!  0 

0 

0 

•0 

0 

0    30 

Waterbury, 

1801  C.  C.  Parker,  p. 

1854 

28 

76 

104 

10 

4 

6 

10;     1 

6 

0 

7 

3 

2    &5 

Waterford, 

1798  F.  Warriuer,  p. 

1854 

54 

80 1 134 

45  15 

0 

15'!  1 

2 

0 

3 

2 

2  100 

Watcrville, 

1827 

John  Gleed,  s  s. 

2 

14 

16 

1 

0 

1; 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0  150 

AVeathersfield,  C. 

18(.)4 

J.  De  F.  Richards,  s.s. 

33 

67 

100 

18    5 

1 

6' 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

3 

60 

"     E 

18.38 

Moses  Kimball,  .=  .s. 

29 

48 

77 

24    2 

4 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

60 

Wells  Kiver, 

1842 

S.  M.  Plimpton,  p. 

1851 

14 

59    73 

8  13 

1 

14, 

1 

0 

0 

1 

9 

4 

150 

AV'est  Fairlee, 

1809, Solon  Martin,  p. 

1855 

41 

54    95 

11 

6 

4 

10 

0 

5 

0 

5 

1 

1 

125 

Westfield, 

1818  Nathan  Ward,  s.s. 

16 

27    43 

3 

5 

0 

5    1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

0 

75 

Wesrford, 

1801IJ.  H.  Woodward,  p. 

1838 

51 

103! 154 

32 

5 

1 

6!!l 

3 

1 

5 

2 

3 

100 

We.sthaTen, 

1 

5 

9 

14 

0 

3 

0 

3| 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

1 

Westminster.  East, 

17671  Harrison  G.  Park,  p. 

18.58 

16 

57 

73 

14 

0 

0 

0! 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

80 

"     West,  ' 

1799'Alfred  Stevens,  p. 

1843 

45 

87 

132 

13 

0 

3 

3 

3 

2 

0 

5 

0 

2 

160 

AVeston, 

1799  L.  S.  Coburn.  s.s. 

13 

38 

51 

11 

2 

1 

3, 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

Weybritlge, 

1794i 

20 

45 

65 

15 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

50 

White  Kiver, 

1812  E.  T.  Rowe,  s.s. 

37 

791116 

11 

3 

4 

7 

4 

4' 

2 

7 

100 

Whiting, 

1797 1 

3 

10    13 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Williamstown, 

179.5:P.  F.  Barnard,  s.s. 

30 

74  104 

16 

26 

4 

30l 

1 

0 

0 

1 

17 

0 

125 

Williston, 

1813  A.  D.  Barber,  p. 

1852 

36 

56 1  92 

18 

2 

5 

7 

3 

1 

1 

5 

2 

1 

i20 

Wilmington, 

1855                                    No  report. 

1 

Windham, 

George  S.  Kemp.  p. 

18.56 

40 

60  100 

1 

1 

2 

1 

0 

0 

ll 

0 

1 

125 

Windsor, 

1774  EzraH.  Byiugton,  p. 

1859 

50 

99 

149 

15 

10 

5 

15 

1 

7 

0 

8| 

1 

2 

73 

AVinooski, 

1885  J.  K.  Converse,  s.s. 

5 

19 

24 

0 

2 

0 

2: 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0    65 

Wolcott, 

1818 

14 

20 

34 

0 

3 

1 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0    30 

Woodstock, 

1781|Jona.  Clement,  D.D.,  p 

1852 

50 

100 

1.50 

4 

4 

2I1OO 

Worcester, 

18Z4,C.  M.  AVinch.  p. 

18.53 

21 

41 

65 

14 

8 

2 

10 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

4  100 

Ohhs.  specified  but  not  reported— from  previous  reports. 

129, 259 '388 

22 

1 

90 

Summary.— Churches,  182  ;  Ministers,  148  ;  Church  members,— 0,087  Males.  9.510  Females  ;  Total.  17,850, 
including  2.588  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,-1.483  by  profession,  509  by  letter;  Total,  1.902.  Re- 
movals in  1858-9,-265  by  death.  418  by  dismissal,  60  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  7-51.  Baptisms,— 61S 
Adult,  337  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  14,523. 

Other  Ministers. — Benjamin  Abbott,  Bai-re ;  James  Anderson,  Manchester  ;  Selah  R  Arms,  Springfield; 
Seth  S.  Arnold,  AVest  Townshond  :  Phincas  Bailey,  Albaiy  ;  Nelson  Bishop,  Windsor  :  \\  illiam  B.  Bond.  St. 
Johnsbury  ;  Moses  B  Bradford,  Grafton  ;  J.  W.  Brown,  Manchester  ,  Nathaniel  G.  (^lark,  Prof,  in  University 
of  Aerniont,  Burlington  ;  A.  Fleming,  Shoreham  ;  Joseph  Fuller,  Aershire  ;  Soiomou  1'  Ciddings.  Rutland  j 
Edwin  GoodcU,  Hartford  ;  David  Greene,  Windsor  ;  Job  Hall,  St  Johnsbury  j  E.  J.  Hallook.  Castlcton  ,  II. 
P.  Uickok.  Burlington  f  llervey  0.  Higley,  Castletou  j  James  Ilobart,  Berlin ;  Otto  S.  Hoyt,  New  Haven  ;  J 


18G0.] 


Statistics. — 3Iassachusetts. 


107 


L.  Jenkins,  St.  Johnsbuvy  ;  Thomas  Kidiler,  St.  Johnsbury  ;  William  II.  Kingsbury,  Corinth  ;  Boujaniin 
Labaive,  D.D.,  Pres.  of  .MidiUebury  OolU'se  ;  Jacob  N.  Loomis,  Craftsbury  ;  Samuel  Mavsh,  UnJerhill  ;  Ulric 
Maynard,  Castletou ;  Benjamin  H.  Newton,  St.  Albans ;  Calvin  Pease,  D.D.,  Burlington  ; -Aaron  G.  Pease, 
Norwich;  Tertius  ReyuoUls,  Fairfax;  Andrew  Uoyce,  Burlington;  Amos  J.  Samson,  St.  Albans  ;  William 
Scales,  Lyndon;  Jo.seph  Steele,  Miildlebury  ;  John  V.  Stone,  Sec.  of  the  Vermont  Domestic  Missionary  So- 
ciety. Montpelier ;  George  Stone,  North  Troy  ;  William  W.  Thayer.  St.  Johnsbury  ;  Lucius  L.  Tildeu,  Mid- 
dlebury  ;  Joseph  Torrey,  D.D.,  Burlington;  .Joseph  Underwood,  Kast  Ilardwick  ;  John  Wheeler,  D.D  , 
Burlington ;  Joseph  D.  Wickham,  Manchester;  John  Wood,  Townsheud ;  John  II.  Worcester,  Burlington.— 16. 

TnE  General  Convention  of  Congregation.\l  Ministers  akp  Churches  in  Vermont,  is  composed  of 
representatives  from  fifteen  Associations,  viz.,  Addison,  Bennington,  Caledonia,  Lamoille,  Lancaster,  Jlout- 
pelier.  North  Western.  Orange,  Orleans,  Royalton,  Kutland.  White  Kiver,  Windham,  Windsor,  and  Winooski ; 
three  Consociations,  viz.,  Addison,  North  VVestern,  and  Ilutland  ;  and  eight  Conferences,  viz.,  Caledonia, 
Chittenden,  Lamoille,  Orange,  Orleans,  Washington,  Windham,  and  Windsor.  From  the  Consociations  and 
Conferences,  lay  delegates  are  sent.    The  Statistics  are  collected  through  the  Associations. 


MASSACHUSETTS, 


can.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns 

REMOVALS.    |. BAPTISM-:.    . 

CnOKCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9    3 

i       S 

"ce 

>j 

c 

5^ 

•J 

a 

1 

^ 

5 

CI    "= 

Plai-e  and  Name. 

Org 

Name. 

Com. 

^ 

S 

0 

,0 

£ 

% 

< 
0 

5 

1 

S     t' 

s 

r^ 

Em 

f- 

< 

i. 

^      hI 

a 

is 

H  !     h: 

< 

h-  1  xn 

Ahingtou.  Isc  ch. 

1712,  Frederick  R.  Abbe,  p. 

1857 

"6T 

115 

176      9 

TT 

6 

17||  6 

2 

0 

8] 

"liy 

1|215 

•'    2d  ch. 

1807;  Henry  L.  E  hvards,  s.s. 

98 

138 

236    lOt 

3 

3 

6'*  7 

0 

0 

7 

1 

6  220 

'«    3dch. 

1839 1  Horace  D.  Walker,  p. 

1844 

72 

125 

197 

6 

21 

2 

23'  4 

2 

0 

6; 

16 

18  250 

"     Soutti, 

1813  Isaac  C.  White,  p. 

1850 

43 

87 

130 

10 

1 

0 

r!  0 

0 

1 

li 

0 

0  200 

Acton, 

1832  Alpha  Morton,  s.s. 

86 

130 

216 

50, 

26 

0 

26,1  3 

3 

0 

6 

14 

11,190 

Adams,  North, 

1827  Alfiert  Paine,  p. 

1S56 

37 

131 

168 

36 

11 

3 

14'    3 

7 

0 

10 

6 

l!llO 

"     Suurh, 

184')  John  Tatlock,  p. 

1859 

26 

81 

107 

31' 

18 

5 

23,   4 

4 

0 

8! 

11 

4|  80 

Agawam, 

ISml  Kalph  Perry,  p 

1847 

41 

79 

120 

9i 

24 

6 

30i    2 

4 

0 

6! 

11 

2 '100 

'•     Feeding  IliFs, 

17H2  Moody  Harrington,  s.s. 

30 

62 

92 

4 

14 

4 

18:    1 

2 

0 

3i 

3 

2    64 

A 1  ford. 

lS4(i 

Vacant. 

9 

19 

28 

i 

2 

0 

2    0 

0 

0 

0, 

1 

0    25 

Amesbury,  West, 

172(3 

LeanUer  Thompson,  p. 

1854 

73  151 

224 

31j 

17 

7 

24'   2 

8 

1 

n! 

7 

4  200 

"     Mills. 

1^31 

Vac-ant. 

49 

114 

163 

28 

6 

0 

6    1 

10 

0 

11 

3 

0  145 

'•    and  Salisbury, 

18o5 

Vacant 

}8 

56 

74 

12 

8 

4 

12    1 

1 

0 

2 

8 

3    99 

Amherst,  1st  ch. 

1739 

Edward  S.  Dwight,  p. 

1854 

112 

234 

346 

45l 

25 

7 

32,    1 

14 

0 

\o 

8 

4 

200 

"    2d  ch. 

1782 

Chas.  L  Woodwonb,  p 

1849 

50 

143 

193 

23: 

49 

12 

611 

5 

5 

1 

11 

25 

9 

2(.(0 

"     South  ch. 

1S24 

Vacant 

19 

38 

57      Oj 

7 

5 

12 

1 

69 

0 

70] 

3 

0 

70 

"     College  ch. 

lfi2ij 

Wui.  A   Stearns,  D.  D.  p 

1S54 

78    17 

95 1     8, 

27 

14 

4li 

1 

9 

0 

10 

3 

1 

0 

'•    North  ch. 

182(i  J.  W.  Uinlerhill.  p. 

1859 

86  139 

224    271 

10 

1 

11, 

4 

6 

0 

10 

4 

91140 

"     South  ch.  in, 

185S  James  L   Merrick,  p. 

1858 

19    491  68|     2! 

3 

2 

5 

1 

3 

0 

4 

2 

2    80 

Andover,  South  ch. 

1711 

G>-orge  Mooar,  p. 

1855 

102  2471349]  64- 

29 

13  i  42 

9 

17 

5 

31 

10 

5 

240 

•'     Theol.  Sem.  ch 

181G 

Faculty,  acting  pp. 

3.501  60 1 410 !  314 

12 

10 

22 

0 

9 

0 

9: 

2 

0 

40 

"    West  ch. 

1^2li 

James  H.  Merrill,  p. 

1856 

76 ! 160 ; 236 

38, 

17 

3 

20, 

4 

11 

2 

17 

8 

3 

200 

"     Free  ch. 

1846 

Vacant. 

551121 

176 

40' 

42 

18 

6O! 

2 

13 

0 

16! 

21 

1 

200 

•'     Ballardvale, 

1854 

Henry  S   Greene,  p. 

1855 

12    42 

54 

6 

5 

2 

7 

1 

5 

0 

e; 

3 

1 

125 

A^hburnham, 

17601  Thomas  Boutelle,  s.s. 

75! 109 

184 

27: 

8 

4 

12 

3 

1 

0 

4 

3 

0 

144 

'■     North, 

1843 

Asa  Baves,  s.s. 

12 

12 

24 

18' 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

40 

Ashby, 

1776 

James  M.  Bell,  p. 

1858 

58 

112 

170 

31 

28 

5 

as 

2 

6 

0 

8 

14 

1 

175 

Ashfirld,  1st, 

1703 

Willard  Brigham,  p. 

18.56 

36 

82 

118 

16 

7 

2 

9 

4 

3 

0 

7, 

0 

0 

119 

'•     2d, 

1855 

Lyniau  V\'aruer,  p. 

1857 

i;2 

46 

68 

2 

6 

4!  10 

1 

1 

0 

2 

4 

0 

90 

Ashlaud, 

1835 

Vacant. 

47 

87 

134 

21 

4 

4|     8 

4 

9 

0 

13 

4 

1 

200 

Athol, 

1750 

John  F   Norton,  p. 

1852 

69 

148,217 

16 

35 

13:  48 

4 

3 

0 

7' 

22 

2 

250 

Attlehoro',  1st  ch.  M' 

,1710|  Benjamin  C.  Chase,  s.s. 

29 

85|li4 

11 

10 

2 

12, 

1 

3 

0 

4 

9 

5 

no 

■■    2dch. 

1748 

.Jona'ohan  Crane,  s.s. 

66 

169 

235 

28 

4 

6 

9 

6 

6 

0 

11, 

0 

2 

400 

Auburij, 

1776 

Darwin  Adams,  s.s. 

50    91 

141 

31 

15 

0 

15 

2 

1 

0 

3 

4 

2 

105 

Barnstable,  West, 

1616 

Uiraai  Carlton,  p. 

1853 

33    46 

79 

4 

1 

Oj     1 

2 

0 

0 

2! 

0 

0 

65 

"     Cotuit, 

1670 

Vacant. 

5 

23 

28 

1 

1 

0!  1 

0 

0 

0 

^1 

1 

0 

0 

"     Centerville, 

1840 

Ebenezer  Burgess,  s.s. 

29 

63 

92 

12 

11 

2 

13 

4 

0 

0 

4' 

8 

Oi  75 

■'     Hyaniiis, 

1854 

Charles  Morgridge,  p. 

1858 

8 

16 

24 

6 

3 

2 

6 

1 

0 

0 

li 

0 

0]  40 

Barre, 

1827 

George  Denham,  p. 

1856 

49:133 

182 :  48 

5 

3 

8 

1 

7 

2 

10| 

2 

3,225 

Becker,  Ist  ch. 

1758 

Spencer  0.  Dyer,  p. 

1858 

35    68 

103:  15 

23 

3 

26 

3 

6 

0 

9, 

14 

0 

60 

"     North, 

1849J William  C.Foster,  s.s. 

38!  66 

104    13J34 

2    36 

1 

7 

0 

8: 

13 

6 

75 

Bi^dtbrd, 

17o0  Henry  J.  Patrick,  p. 

1854 

48  135 

183 1  16113 

3    16 

1 

2 

2 

5: 

7 

6 

150 

lii'Ichercovrn, 

1773. Henry  B.  Blake,  p. 

1855 

1021265 

367 

28,il4 

6 

20 

7 

9 

0 

16 

7 

4 

325 

Berkely, 

1737!  Charles  D.  Lothrop,  s.s 

52 

93 

145 

•i2;23 

8 

31 

3 

2 

0 

5l 

5 

0 

120 

'■     Trin.  Cong.  ch. 

184Si  James  A.  Roberts,  s  s. 

15 

30 

45 

3  15 

0 

15 

0 

0 

0 

«! 

9 

0 

70 

Berlin, 

177KJWm.  A.  Houghton,  p. 

1853 

28 

83 

111 

17  1  3 

2 

5 

0 

4 

0 

4l 

2 

6 

145 

Bernardsfon, 

1824|     Vacant. 

18 

32 

60 

8;     0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4j 

0 

0 

62 

Beverly,  Daue-stch. 

ls02IJ...<*ph  Abbott,  p. 

1834 

84 

158 

242 

5  47 

0 

47 

4 

3 

0 

7| 

21 

3 

215 

••     -Ith  eh 

1834iKli  W.  Harrington,  s.s. 

5 

30 

35 

0:11 

0    11 

0 

0 

0 

0! 

3 

0 

48 

'•     \\'ashton  St.  ch 

.  1837JAlonzo  B.  l!i.h,  p. 

1852 

38 

121 1 169 

5J32 

4 

36 

2 

0 

0 

2| 

10 

5 

160 

Billerica, 

1829  .lefise  G.  D.  Stearns,  p. 

1843 

17 

661  73 

21 

6 

3 

9 

4 

2 

0 

6 

1 

1 

50 

I!lack<tone, 

1841,  Thomas  E.  Bliss,  s.s. 

23 

46    69 

26 

10 

6 

16 

0 

6 

0 

5 

5 

1 

100 

Blaudfurd, 

1735  Charles  J.  Hinsdale,  p. 

18;36 

41 

81  122 

32 

1 

2 

3 

4 

4 

0 

8 

1 

0 

135 

1  G.  W.  Blagden,D.  D.p 

.  1836 

Boston,  Old  South  ch 

.  1669 

1  Jacob  M.  Manning,  p 

.  1857 

8S!,T20:408 

35 

7 

42 

6 

8 

0 

^4 

15 

100 

"     Paik-st.  ch. 

1.809 

Andrew  L.  Stone,  p. 

184it  'l'".^,  ,-,':H  ,^s9 

120 

97 

36  133 

7 

37 

0 

44 

36 

20 

475 

•'     Essex-st.  Uq.  c 

1822 

Nell.  Adams,  D.  D.  p. 

X^i-M  us,;y4  :.12 

50 

41 

9 

50 

3 

24 

0 

27 

13 

171204 

"    EowUoin-st  ch. 

1825 

Edwin  Johnson,  p. 

1859.  112,2.^1,393 

30 

6 

3 

9 

0 

25 

0 

25 

2 

6,3.33 

'•     Salem-st.  ch. 

1827 

Georue  W.  Field,  p. 

18.56 i|17l!340  511,200 

15 

6 

21 

1 

16 

0 

17 

4 

10 j 410 

•'     Pine-st.  ch. 

18271  Henry  M.  Dexter,  p. 

1849     96:242,338    44 

37 

41 

73 

4 

12 

0 

16 

12 

3:liM6 

"'    Mariners"  ch. 

issa 

Elijah  Kellogg,  acting  p. 

1  49 

i  30 

1  79 

1    2 

7 

1 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

103 

108 


Statistics. — Massachusetts. 


[Jan. 


Plaoe  and  Name.       Org. 


Name. 


Com.     ^ 


CHU.  MEMBER.^.  ] 

Jan.  1, 1859.  1 

ADDIT'iNS. 

1858-9. 

REMOVALS. 

1858-9. 

'BAPTISMS 

1858-9. 

1 

Male. 
Female. 

TOTAL. 

c 

.St 

-tfl 

f 

1 

Dism. 
Kxiom. 

TOTAL. 

< 

Bo.<ton,  Centr.lch.       1R35 

'•  Mt  Vernon,  ch.  1S42 

"  Shawn. nt  ch.       1845 

"  So  ,  Phi  lip.s  ch    1823 

"  "  Pay. son  ch.      1815 

"  "  Ch. of rhe Unity. T);! 

"  E  .  Maverick  ch.  183f3| 


B'>x>>nro' 
Boxford,  1st  ell. 

'•     West, 
Boylsfon, 
Bradfoid, 
Braintree,  1st  ch. 

"     Soutli, 

"     and  VVeymouth 

Union  ch. 


1784 
1702 
173S 
1743 
l(iS2 
1707 
1S29 

l«!ll| 


Vacant 
E  iward  N.  Kirk,  d.d.,  p. 

Vacant. 
Edmund  K.  Alden,  p. 

A'o  srporntt  worship. 
CharleH  ?.  Porter   s  s. 
Thoman  N.  Haskell,  p. 

Vacant. 
U'm.  ?.  Coar^in,  p. 
I'aWin  E.  Park,  p. 
William  Murdock,  s.s. 
.Fames  T.  McCoUom,  p. 
R.  S.  St.Tr,-,  D.D.,p. 
Dennis  Powers,  p. 


1842 

J1859 

1858 

183S 

1846 

18.54 
1811 

1856 


Jona«  Perkins,  p  1815 

Bridgewater,  Trin  ch.  1821i.Tohn  M.  Prince.*  1859 

»Nov.  1859,  see  Necrology. 
James  L.  Seagiave,  s.s. 

Vacant. 
Jason  Morsp,  p.  1849 

Je^se  K.  Bragg,  p.  1852 

Vacant. 


"     Scotland  ch. 
Brighton,  Evang.  ch. 
Brii.,fii.l.l. 
Brook(i-ia, 
Brockline,  Ilarv'd  ch. 
Buckland, 
Burlington, 
Cambritige,  1st  ch., 

"     Port,  Ist  ch. 

"     "     2tch. 

"    No.,  Hvluies  ch. 

"     East, 
Canton, 
Carlisle, 
Carver, 
Charleniont,  1st  ch. 

'•     Ea^t, 
Ch.irlesfown.  1st  ch. 

"     AVinthrop  ch. 
Charlton, 
Chatham, 
Chelmsford,  2d  ch. 
Chel.sca,  Wiijnis't  ch. 

'•     Broadway  ch. 

"     PlvmoutU  ch. 
Chester,' 

"     Factories, 
Chi'Rteifiel  I, 
Chi(  opee,  1st  ch. 

"     2dch. 

"     3dch. 
Chilmark,         Before 
Clinton, 

Cohaf  set,  2d  Cong.  ch. 
Coleraine, 
Concord, 
Conway, 
Cummington,  1st  ch. 

"     Village. 

"     AVest, 
Dal  ton, 
I'ana,  Center, 
Danvers,  1st  ch. 

"  Maple  ft.  ch. 
Dartmouth,  South, 
Dcdham,  1st  ch. 

"     South, 
Deerfiidd,  Ortho.  ch. 

"     South,  1st  ch. 

"     Monument  ch. 
Dennis,  South, 
Dighton, 
Dorchester,  2d  ch. 

"     Village  ch. 

"  Port  Norfolk, 
Douglas,  1st  ch. 

"     East, 
Dover, 
Dracut,  1st  ch. 

"     >Vest  ch. 

"     Central  ch. 
Dudley, 


1P3G 

1827 

1724 

1756 

1«44 

17S0 

1735 

1636 

1S271 

1842' 

1857 

1842 

1828 

1781 

1733 

1788 

1845 

1632 

18.33 

1761 

1720 

1824 

1841 

1851 

1857 

1765 

1844 

1764 

1752 

1830 

1834 

1700 

1844 

1824 

1819 

1826 

1768 

1779 

1839, 

1840 1 

1785 1 

18,52' 

1689 

1844 

1807 

16.38 

1736 

1835 

1818 

1848 

1817 

1710 

ISdK 

1829 

1859 

1747 

is;34 

1839 

1721 

1797 

1847 

1732 


John  A.  Albro,  d.d.,  p. 

Vacant. 
Georg*-  E.  Allen,  p. 
Paul  Ccmch,  s.s. 
llichard  G.  Greene,  p. 

Vacant. 
Josiah  Ballard,  p. 
Wm.  C.  Whitcomb,  s.s. 
Matthew  Kingman,  p. 
Aaron  Foster,  p. 
•lames  B.  Miles,  p. 
Abbot  E.  Kittredge,  p. 
.lohn  Haven,  p. 
Calvin  Chapman,  s.s. 
Benjamin  F.  Clark,  p. 
A.  II    Plumb,  p. 
.Joseph  A.  Cnpp,  n.D.,  p. 
Edwiu  II.  Nevin,  p. 
Hugh  Gibson,  s..'. 
Zolva  Whittemore,  s.s. 

Vacant. 
Eli  B.  Clark,  p. 
Frederick  Alvord,  p. 
L.  11.  Cone,  p. 
Thomas  W.  Duncan,  s.s 
W.  W.  AVinchestcr,  p. 
Frederick  A.  Keed,  p. 

Vacant. 

George  M.  Adams,  p. 

Vacant. 
Theodore  J.  Clark,  p. 

Vacant. 
Edson  L.  Clark,  p. 
John  Keep,  p. 
M.  P.  Brainan,  D.D.,  p. 
James  Fletcher,  p. 
Martin  S.  Howard,  p. 
Eben'r  Burgess,  D.D.,  p. 
Moses  M.  Colburn,  p. 
Hob't.  Crawford,  D.D  ,  p. 
Perkins  K.  Clark,  p. 
David  A.  Strong,  p. 
Wni.  A.  Sturtevaut,  p. 
jEtioch  San  ford,  p. 
.lames  II   Means,  p. 
Theodore  T.  Munger,  p. 

Vacant. 
Gilbert  B.  nichards'^n,p. 
Joshua  L.  Maynard,  p. 

Vacant. 
Wdliam  .\llen,  s.g. 

Vacant. 


1835 

1858 

1858 

1859 

1854 
1850 
1865 
1959 
1855 

1839 
1858 
1852 
1857 


1889 

1858 
1857 

18.54 
1848 


1851 

1842 

ia59 

18.53 
1826 
1849 
1859 
1821 
18.52 
1858 
18,59 
1849 
1856 
1856 
1848 
1856 

1857 
1852 


Henry  Pratt,  p. 


1654 


137 1 293 1 430 
2491446  695 

881180,268 

54jll8il72 
45 

38l  76  114 
115 1 271 '386 

28    39 I  67 


83 1 123 

54    85 

90!  1.38 

148,235 

48140  188 

271  64i  91 


=     ■&      a 


23 


9    26    35 
33!  92 i 125 

501134  1S4 

44  95 1 1.39 

45  921137 
68 1  no!  178 
13;  30 1  43 

104  238  342 


253  363 

58 


34 


92 
309 
372 
105 
991133 
54  79 
108'212  320 
681126  194 


79  132 
50  87 
13  22 
36  48 
67  103 
123  168 
151 1 202 
14]  Ki 
1.34 1 188 
81 1 100 
42  57 
20!lll'l31 
11512261341 
22  49  71 
46 1  61 1 107 
191  43  62 
37  82119 
12 1  31!  43 
58118ll76 


91115 
59]  82 
180 !  239 
62  j  87 
60  88 
9113;- 


40 

72  112 

28 

50    78 

19 

35    54 

1 1 

231  308 

40 

95|ia5 

11 

18    29 

12 

31)    48 

68 

142  210 

10 

19    29 

31 

61    92 

46 

8    131 

38 

54    92 

44 

110)154 

2120 

[24 

&21 

10 

11 

0 

33 

13 

0 


52  1171169!  11: 
261  591  85    15! 


24!   31  3 
6    301    41 
I  3,  1 


42 
30;  15 

10'    8 

72 
10  3 
12  15 
14  25 
51  36 
86' 32 
15'  20 
13'  0 
16| 

53 

21 
14' 
10 

4' 

ll 

8: 

64 
55: 

1 
23 

9 

9il4 

Hill 

40' 39 
20'15 
11' 28 
16 
10 

8, 

3 


2 
1 

5 

7 

16 

61  9 

01  0 

26    5 

12  14 

5  14 


45 
24 

0 

16l  0 
15  49 
4  0 
7  8 
14'31 
3  19 
9  li 


316 

440 
4  10 
41  9 


.59j 

'J 

44' 
14 

0 

22! 
Ill 

4 

15 
16 
34 

15 

o' 

311 

26 
19 
50 
21I 
10! 

'1 

20! 
26[ 
46| 
42 
22, 

0' 

0 
41i 
13 
6)4 
19 

3, 

o\ 

3 
13 

.»! 

28' 
131 
15.   2 


2i  3 
01  0 
3  2 
1,  4 

1  0 

2  3 


<» 

19      5 

1  1 

45    29 

1  0 

14 

1  0 

13      3 

1  0 

6      4 

0 

21'   16 

0 

4i  11 

0 

5i 

7 

0 

»l 

5 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5!  25 

0  0 

1  4 


mo 

1  0 

ljl2 

0  0 
0  0 


0 
1 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 

!lj  0 
G  0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 


18 
0 

9|  0 

2!  0 

0|  0 


2 

0 

0 

6  12 

3    1 

1 


0 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1  0 
0  0 
0  0 
3'  0 
51  0 

2  0 
4  0 
9!  0 


0  0 

3  0 

21  0 

ll  0'  0 

1,  1|  0 

21  4.  0 


C.  10 


31451 

14! 386 

1333 

1'325 

I  '1 
111325 
14,613 

01  50 
9,214 
2!  75 
6165 
4 '225 
51145 
41200 

1200 
Oj  80 

0!  75 

2 '145 

1'240 

OlOO 

175 

4  150 

2l  71 

171200 

14|345 

4  82 
10!  95 

711.59 
0  60 
3I  70 
11  80 
3110 
0li28 
41435 
1693 
l!l50 

6  100 
OUOO 

14  443 
2 1  ^50 
0  359 
71  80 
0!  a5 

0!  90 
5'  75 
2 154 

5  194 
0    25 

2  246 
0  153 

0  65 

1  100 
4  226 

0  75 
I'lOO 
1!  50 
6'  70 

01  80 

10  280 
2 '258 
11  85 
ll50 
3200 
01  66 
3150 
0'  90 
OII5O 
0|  75 

7  250 
0125 

0    60 

6  300 
3!  40 
Oi  90 
0  100 
1120 
11&5 


1880.] 


Statistics. — Massachusetts. 


109 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

Jan.l,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  3 

CiiURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Name. 

0 

Place  and  Name. 

Org 

Com. 

lie.        • 
male. 

TAL 

i 

0   is 

< 

''s 

1 

i  < 

ult.      1 
fant.    j 

0 

5 

a 

1  gl  i  1    f.\< 

e:  ^ 

gia 

5 

^     g 

\<\  5 

^ 

Dui-.stable, 

ITliTj  William  0.  Jackson,  p 

1859 

28 

55:   82  15 

3:  0 

3, 2 

'  3j  ( 

5 

i|   0 

100 

E  Brill  rewarer.Tr.c 

1. 18-19  B.ialis  Sauford,  p. 

1850 

24 

33!  57|  2 

20    0 

20 !  0 

4 

c 

4 

13     0 

71 

E   &  W.  Brid^ewate 

r,lS2<ilPhilo  15.  Wilcox, 

1851 

53 

67120  16 

lo!  0 

16    0 

5 

1 

6 

9I    2 

75 

Ea.^tham, 

lt54i) 

Vacant. 

13 

31    41|  2 

0 

1  0 

0    2 

3 

0 

6 

0 

0 

35 

EasthHiiipfon,  1st  ch.  1785 

.\arou  M.  Colton,  p. 

1853 

86' 168:254  14 

5. 

1 

53!    8 

14 

1 

23 

28 

6  138 

■'     Parson  ch. 

1S52 

Rollin  S.Stone,  p. 

1852 

69  152  22118 

58 

14 

72    2 

11 

0 

13 

26 

7 

187 

(  L.  Sheido?!,  d.d.  p. 

1810 

1       1 

Easton,              Before  1711  i  \  Lymau  White,  p.' 

1855 

33    81 '114  16 

4 

2 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1 

4 

2 

265 

EJg.irrown, 

Idllj     V.iciint. 

25    61 1  86'  4 

.3 

0 

3 

5 

1 

0 

6 

2 

1 

100 

Egrfiiiout, 

IS  Hi  James  B.  Cleaveland,  p.  1S55 

34'  75  109,15 

7 

1 

8 

2 

4 

0 

6 

3 

3 

88 

Ei'ifieM, 

1790  llob't  Mc  Kwen,  d.d.  p. 

1842 

135  223  358  62 

32 

13 

45 

3 

16 

0 

19 

13 

7 

181 

Erving,  Kv.  Cong.  cL 

.  1S32 

Vacant. 

17    20|  37:14 

3 

6 

9 

0 

3 

1 

4 

1 

0|  60 

Essex,  1st  ch. 

I'i'^l 

James  M.  Bacon,  p. 

18.56 

481112  160  11 

38 

1 

39 

0 

4 

0 

4 

29 

3  201 

Fairhiiven, 

1792 

John  Willard,  p. 

1855 

76:170  246  31 

37 

7 

44;  6 

10 

0 

16 

9 

17  326 

Fall  Kiver.  1st  ch. 

181(1 

.J.  L  Diman,  p. 

1856 

541158  212  62 

32 

1 

331  2 

6 

2 

10 

16 

0  161 

'•     Central, 

1842 

Kii  Thurston,  p. 

1849 

941159  263  25 

37 

8 

45    4 

4 

2 

10 

17 

13 

270 

Falm  nth,  1st  ch. 

1708  William  Bates,         died  1859 

55:145  200,32 

2 

2 

4 

8 

3 

Oi  11 

0 

2 

150 

"    E.ist, 

1821  George  Ford,  p. 

1856 

19    27;  46    7 

3 

0 

3 

2 

0 

0|     2 

1 

2 

50 

'•    North, 

1833  L-^-vi  U'heaton,  s  s. 

37    371  73|16 

0 

2 

2 

0'  2 

Ol     2 

0 

1 

40 

"     East,  2<l  ch.  in 

,   1819  Elijah  Ueinoud,  s.s. 

13    36'  49 1  4 

1 

0 

1 

01  2 

o!    2 

1 

0 

78 

Fitchbnrjr,  Calv.  ch. 

1768  Alfred  Emerson,  p. 

1858 

111  228  338  49 

13 

17 

30 

5 

14 

0 

19 

3 

5i385 

"     Trinir.  ch. 

1R43!     Vacant. 

35;  62    97  11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  203 

Foxhoro', 

1779  Xoadiah  S.  Dickinson,  p.  1858 

60  140  200  19 

321 21 

53 

4 

3 

0 

7 

17 

3  249 

Fraasiniiham, 

1701'Jo.Sfph  C.  Bod  well,  p. 

1852 

74 1 195  269  29 

17 

14 

31 

1 

4 

0 

5 

4 

9|249 

''     Saxouvilie, 

1833      Vacant. 

41  125  166  40 

29 

5 

34 

1 

4 

0 

5 

15 

3  160 

Franklin, 

1733  Samuel  Hunt,  p. 

1850 

42  137 

179  15 

6 

2 

8 

3 

3 

0 

6 

2 

4I175 

'•     South, 

1855'KobBrt  Carver,  s.s. 

1859 

81  17 

251  1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

1 

25 

Freetown,  As.sonet, 

1807  Abel  G.  Duncan,  s.s. 

7|  17 

24!  3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

30 

Gardner,  1st  ■  h. 

1786  John  C.  Paine,  p. 

1848 

40:  80 [120,  3 

9 

1 

10 

2 

2 

0 

4 

3 

2 

200 

'■     Evan.  ch. 

1830  Samuel  J.  Austin,  p. 

1859 

72  131203  35 

34 

22 

56 

1 

2 

0 

2 

22 

0 

275 

Georgetown, 

1732  Charles  Beecher,  p. 

1857 

71  137,208  17 

50 

8 

58 

4 

6 

0 

10 

36 

2 

353 

Gill, 

1793'Abijah  Stowell,  s..s. 

10    43!  53 

3 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

75 

Gloucester,  West, 

1829  Charles  B.  Smith,  s.s. 

17 

31 :  48 

4 

19 

0 

19 

1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0'  40 

'•     Ilurbor, 

1829|Lys.LQder  Dickerman,  p 
18.30  Krancis  N.  I'eloubet,  p. 

.1858 

21 

74'  95 

16, 

9 

1 

10, 

2 

2 

0 

4 

2 

2!  229 

"    Lauesville, 

1857 

14 

34 1  48 

4' 

8 

2 

10! 

1 

5 

0 

6 

5 

4  212 

Goshen, 

1780,Th(jmasII.  Rood,  p. 

1855 

34;  68  102 

161 

14 

2 

16 

2 

5 

0 

7 

10 

4 

75 

Grafton, 

1731; Thomas  C.  Biscoe,  p. 

18.38 

108,189  297 

74 

8 

3 

111 

5 

13 

1 

19 

1 

5 

260 

Granby, 

1762  Henry  Mills,  p. 

1854 

1211173  294 

32 

47 

9 

56, 

3 

6 

0 

9 

14 

4 

300 

(  T   M.  Cooley,  d.d.  p. 
1747    1  Noah  Wells,  s.s. 

1796 

1 

Granville,  East, 

271  48 

75 

6, 

1    0 

1' 

5 

2 

0 

7 

0 

0 

40 

"     Wesr, 

1781  Francis  Homes,  s.s. 

26!  49 

75 

14 

7    5 

12 

0 

2 

0 

2 

6 

0 

50 

Greenfield,  1st  ch. 

175l'A  Chandler,  D.D.  p. 

1832 

29    61 

90 

0 

40    0 

40 

1 

0 

0 

1 

20 

14 

90 

"     2d  Cong.  ch. 

1817* P.  C.Headley,p. 

1857 

75159 

234 

4 

43  18 

61 

2 

5 

0 

7 

10 

26 

200 

Greenwich, 

174y,Elward  P.  Blodgett,  p. 

18431 

39111 

150 

19 

25 

1 

26 

0 

3 

0 

3 

15 

4 

225 

Groton, 

l(jt)4'Edwin  A.  Bulkley,  p. 
(  G.  B.  Perry,  D  D.  p. 

1850 
1814 

54  162 

216 

17: 

23 

0 

23 

5 

4 

0 

9 

13 

0  200 

Groveland, 

1727 1  (  Thomas  Doggett,  p. 

1857 

48  101 

149 

2' 

7 

0 

7 

2 

2 

0 

4 

2 

o'l25 

Great  Barrinston, 

1743  Horace  Wioslow,  p. 

1858 

63  112 

175 

24; 

23    4 

27 

2 

7 

0 

9 

6 

3150 

''     Housatouic, 

1841  Josiah  Brewer,  s.s. 

23 

59:  82 

34' 

2 

2 

4 

0 

4 

1 

5 

0 

1    82 

Uadley.  1st  ch. 

l')59, Rowland  Ayrep,  p. 

1848 

90 

138,228 

38, 

63 

5 

68 

2 

5 

0 

7 

27 

18  225 

"    2dch. 

183l:\\'arren  II.  Bcaman,  p. 

18411 

45 

90135 

14' 

25 

2 

271 

2 

3 

0 

51 

11 

1136 

"     Ku--sell  ch. 

1841  Franklin  Tuxbury,  p. 

1857  \ 

35 

95 

130 

2' 

35 

4 

39; 

5    9 

0 

14' 

10 

15    95 

Halifax, 

1734  Timothy  G   Braiuerd,  p 

.1855 

20 

33 

53 

41 

6 

0 

6 

1 

0 

0 

ll 

4 

5  180 

Hamilton, 

1714'John  H.  Mordough,  p. 

1850 

66 

97 

163 

15! 

38 

2 

40 

8 

2 

0 

10 

18 

4  120 

Hanover,  1st  ch. 

1728, Joseph  Freeman,  p. 

1855 ; 

13 

44 

57 

10 

3 

0 

3 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

Is 

''     2d  ch. 

1854      Vacant. 

17 

34 

51 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

Hanson. 

1748  A.  B.  Foster,  s.s. 

11 

50 

61 

1' 

0 

0 

0    1 

3 

0 

4 

0 

0 

105 

Hardwick, 

1736  Martvn  Tupper,  p. 

1852 

31    72 

103 

25 

3 

2 

6'l3 

3 

1 

7 

1 

2 

130 

Harvard, 

1821 -John  Dodge,  p. 

1854 

371104 

141 

18 

6 

2 

81    2 

2 

0 

4 

5 

2 

125 

Harwi-h, 

1747 'Joseph  K.  Munsell,  s.s. 

161  53 

09 

16 

0 

0 

Oil  0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

90 

"     Port,  Pilgrim  ch. 1855  Frederick  Uebard,  s.s. 

9    18 

27 

0 

1 

1 

2,  0!  3 

2 

6 

0 

0    90 

Hatfield, 

1670iJohn  M.  Greene,  p. 

1857 

108  172 

280 

16 

35 

6 

41: 

3 

8 

0 

11 

20 

4  140 

Haverhill,  West, 

1735 'Asa  Farwell,  p. 

1853 

43    73 

11617 

19 

2 

21 

3 

2 

0 

6 

13 

0  140 

'•     East, 

1744 'Abraham  Burnham,  p. 

1857  i 

14 

24 

88!  7 

6 

3 

9 

0 

3 

0 

3 

6 

0 

45 

"     Center, 

1833  Benj.  F.  Ilosford,  p 

1845 

76 

189 

265 

19 

46 

14 

60 

1 

0 

0 

1 

15 

11 

200 

"     Winter  St.  ch. 

ls,39  Leonard  S.  Parker,  p. 

18531 

55 

87 

142 

15 

27 

16 

43; 

4 

3 

0 

7 

15 

5 

219 

"     North  Cong,  ch 

.  1859!     Vacant. 

i 

30 

54 

84 

0 

Ilawley,  East, 

1778  Henry  Sermour,  p. 

1849' 

39 

61  100 

8 

24 

1 

25 

1 

3 

0 

4 

7 

1 

100 

"     West, 

1825  J.  B.  B.ldwin,  s.s. 

1 

19 

381  57 

6 

11 

4 

15' 

1 

0 

0 

ll 

2 

3 

60 

Heath, 

1785  i     Vacant. 

I 

18 

28!  46 

10 

2 

0 

2 

8 

11 

0 

14! 

0 

1 

50 

llins.lale, 

1795  Kinsley  Twining,  p. 

1858 

70 

111  181 

20, 

1 

7 

8! 

4 

4 

0 

81 

0 

3 

180 

Hiugham, 

1847  Eben   Porter  Dyer,  p. 

1849 

li 

27i  3 

7 

7 

2 

9 

0 

0 

0 

Ol 

5 

1 

92 

llolden, 

1742  ^Vm.  P.  Paine,  D  D.  p. 

1853 

102 1 240  342 

48 

26 

1 

271  3! 

18 

0 

21 

16 

1 

250 

Holland, 

1765 

t'raiicis  \\'ood.  s.s. 

161  25    41 

1 

5 

0 

5I  0 

3 

0 

3 

3 

0 

70 

Uollisron. 

1728 

Joshua  T.  Tu.'ker,  p. 

1849 

1411272  413 

36 

113 

10 

1231  "1 

6 

0 

13! 

65 

9 

500 

Holyoke,  Istch. 

1799 

»imeon  Miller,  p. 

1846 

31  i  65    Oti 

14 

2411! 

35    0 

1 

0 

11 

12 

1 

80 

•'    2a  ch. 

1849 

T.  B   K.  Walker,  p. 

1845  1 

44  121  165 

44 

68 

13 

87    0 

7 

0 

71 

33 

3  200 

Hopklnton, 

1724 

lohn  C.  Webster,  p. 

1838' 

55 '118 173 

14 

14 

0 

14    3 

1 

1 

5! 

9 

5 

150 

UubJiardston, 

1770 

L'yrus  W.  Allen,  p. 

1852  j 

38111o!l48 

30 

1 

5 

61  51 

4 

0 

91 

1 

2 

130 

Huntington,  1st  ch. 

1778 

Henry  A.  Austin,  p. 

1856! 

48' 

67 

1151 

15 

13 

1 

Mj 

21 

6 

0 

8, 

7 

4 

175 

110 


Statistics. — Massachusetts. 


[JaxN. 


CHH.  MEMBERS.' 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

UAPTIS.MS.    . 

Jan.  1,  1859. 

185.8-9.  1 

1S58-9. 

1858-9.   2 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Name. 

0 

Place  and  Xame. 

Org 

Com. 

i 

c 
1 

0 

c 

s     ?     §       £ 

"3 

c 

0 

M 

IS 

■^  g 

< 

a. 

3 

c 

^•£:S     1 

•a 

< 

c 

< 

m 

Huntington,  2J  oh. 

184G 

Townsend  Walker,  p. 

1853:,  22    45]  67,  8 

9    8    17 

14    0     6 

6 

Olio 

Ipswich,  1st  ch. 

1634 

1  David  T.  Kimball,  p. 

1806 

1        1 

1 

1 

I  Robert  Soutbgate,  p. 

1851 

57  169 '226  22 

5    0     5 

4    3    18 

2 

6  248 

"     South  ch. 

1747 

Dtniel  Fitz.  p. 

1826 

46  146  192  24 

2j  2      4 

3.  1|  Oj    4 

2 

2  175 

"    Linebrook, 

1749 

Edward  F.  Abbott,  s.s. 

30    28 1  58  11 

12!  1    13 

0.  1    0      1 

1 

0    06 

Kingston, 

1828 

Byron  Bo.sworth,  s.s. 

22;  67    89  13 

10   0!  10 

2    ll  0      3 

9 

0    70 

Lakeville, 

1728 

Augu-itine  Uoot,  p. 

1858 

1       11761 

11    Ol  11 

1!  li  0     2 

11 

0 

Lancaster, 

1839 

Vacant. 

26    63    89'  7 

0'  21     2 

0    5    Ol     5 

0 

3  113 

Lanesboro', 

1704 

Gtorge  T.  Dole,  s.s. 

17  i  31 1  48  10 

0    Oi     0 

10    0      1 

0 

.1    40 

Lawrence,  Ist  ch. 

1847 

Caleb  E.  Fishe.-,  p. 

1850 

113  214  327,87 

37  14'  51 

3  28    0,  31 

21 

8  460 

'•     Central  ch. 

1849 

Datiirl  Tenuey,  p. 

1857 

134  275  409  51 

134  18  152 

2  15    0;  17 

40 

10  473 

Lee, 

1780 

Nahum  Gale,  d.d.  p. 

1853 

163  274 '4. 7  37 

74  26  lOJ 

7  11    Ol  18 

33 

10  200 

Leicester, 

1721 

(  John  Nelson,  d.d.,  p 
(  Amos  11.  Coolidge,  p 

1812 

1857 

1             1 
93  160 '2.53  36 

32    e'  38 

4'  5    0 

9 

15 

5  260 

Lenox, 

1769 

Vacant. 

65  160  231  23 

9    3'  12 

5    51  1 

11 

5 

2177 

Leomister, 

1822 

Joseph  W.  Backus,  p. 

1858 

73  165  238  43 

12    7l  19 

2    8    0!  10 

4 

1  250 

Leverett, 

1784 

Vacant. 

35 1  68  103  16 

6    1 

7 

1 

2    0     3 

3 

2  135 

Lincoln, 

1747 

" 

26    57 1  83  18 

0    0 

0 

2 

0    0     2 

0 

l!  86 

Littleton, 

1840 

Elihu  Loomis,  s.s. 

17    37    54'  7 

0    1 

1 

0 

0    0     0 

0 

li  66 

Longmeadow, 

1716 

John  \\ .  Harding,  p. 

1850 

71^143  214  16 

16;  4 

20 

6 

31  0     9 

3 

12,100 

"     East, 

1829 

Vacant. 

39;  71  110  18 

14    1:  15 

4'  1'  0;     5 

12 

0    45 

Lowell,  1st  ch. 

1826 

Jonathan  L.  Jenkins,  p 

1855 

85 1 285  370  78 

70  18    88 

4  21;  0!  25 

30 

12  468 

"     Appleton  St.  ch. 

1831 

J.  P.  Cleaveland,D.D.,  p 

1855 

75  315  390  76 

22    8    30 

5  16,  Ol  21 

15 

3  251 

"     John  St.  ch. 

1839 

Eien  B.  Foster,  p. 

1853 

131^296  430  50 

30  20    50 

1  14:  01  15 

16 

3  430 

"     Kirk  St.  ch. 

1845 

A.  Blanchard,  d.d.,  p. 

1845 

72i238  3l0  65 

50  16,  66 

0  13!  0    13 

23 

26  300 

"    High  St.  ch. 

1846 

Owen  Street,  p. 

18.57' 

51  112  163  18 

31  23    54 

0  lOl  Ol  10 

18 

9  302 

Ludlow, 

1789 

J.  W.  Tuck,  p 

1843 

231  88  1311  6 

20    0,  20 

61  6l  Oi  12 

11 

2  212 

Lunenburg, 

1835 

William  A.  Mandell,  p. 

1856 

32 1  73  105  14 

6    0 

6, 

31  1    01    4 

2 

2  120 

Lynn,  1st  ch. 

1632 

Parsons  Cooke,  D.D.,  p 

1836 

75  211  286  15 

5  11 

16 

I'  4    Ol     5 

4 

4350 

"     CeiitiMleh. 

18.50 

Jotham  B.  Sewall,  p. 

1855 

22    601  82j  7 

0 

8 

14 

1    3    0 

4 

4 

7213 

Lynnfield  Center, 

1720 

Vacant. 

14    421  56!l8 

0 

2 

2 

1 

01  0 

1 

0 

Oi  60 

"    2d  ch. 

1854 

Allen  Gannett,  s  s. 

2    10 

12|  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0! 

Maiden,  1st  Tr.  O.ch 

1649 

Charles  E.  Heed,  p. 

1858 

52  112 

164  40 

18  11 

29 

2 

8 

0 

10 

8 

2  180 

"     So.,  Winthrop  ch.  "48 

Vacant. 

18 

42 

60    1 

9    8 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

11  75 

"      "     Chapel  ch. 

1858 

Luther  II.  Angler,  s.s. 

8 

iioo 

Manchester, —    (These  two 

reports  cover  the  same 

ch.) 

(  Orthodo.t  Cong,  ch 
1  The  Orthodox  ch. 

.  1716 

George  K.  Freeman,  p. 

1858 

65 

168: 233 '29 

0    1 

1 

4 

1 

0 

5 

0 

0  158 

1716 

Francis  V.  Tenney,  p. 

1858 

63  178 1 241  34 

6    4 

10 

5 

1 

0 

6 

3 

0  318 

Man.sfield, 

1838 

Jacob  Ide,  Jr.,  p. 

1856 

29    67    96  15 

23    2 

25 

2 

0 

0 

2 

9 

4  114 

Marblehead, 

1684 

Benjamin  R.  Allen,  p. 

1854 

42 

296  338  50 

3o!  3 

33 

8 

51 

0 

59 

7 

17  250 

"    3d  Cong.  ch. 

1858 

Nelson  Scott,  s.s. 

20 

47,  67i  0 

10  68 

68 

1 

0    Ol     1 

0 

0    52 

Marion, 

1703 

Leander  Cobb,  p. 

1841 

31 

60    91!  5 

371  4 

41 

4 

0    Oi     4 

21 

6    70 

Marlbori)'. 

1666 

Levi  A.  Field,  p.       died  1853; 

48 

126  174  12 

11 

7 

18 

2 

5    3    10 

4 

8  293 

Marshfield,  Istch. 

1632 

Ebenezer  Aldeu,  Jr.,  p. 

1850 

20 

35    55    3 

0 

0 

0! 

1 

0    0 

1 

0 

1130 

"    East,2dTrin.  ch 

.  1835 

Vacant. 

21 

32    53    4 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2    1 

4 

0 

0^  94 

Mattapoisett, 

1736 

Wm.  L.  Parsons,  p. 

1855 

68 

114  182    6 

87 

5 

92 

2 

5    0 

7 

44 

2  173 

Medfield, 

1828 

Andrew  Bigelow,  p. 

1855 

28 

82,110    4 

19:  6 

25 

2 

2    0 

4 

13 

11100 

Medford,lstTr.  C.ch 

.  1822 

Elihu  P.  Marvin,  p. 

18.52 ' 

40 

119  159 '45 

16    5 

21' 

213!  1 

16 

4 

2  130 

'■     Mystic  ch. 

1823 

Elias  Nason,  p. 

1858! 

311  91  122  17 

12    2 

14' 

11  61  0 

7 

5 

5  176 

Medway,  1st.  ch. 

1714 

.lacob  Roberts,  p. 

1856 

401  95  135  15 

15    2 

17 

3!  3 

0 

6 

7 

2  176 

"    2d  ch. 

1750 

Jacob  Ide,  D.D. ,  p. 

1814' 

72  154  226  36 

58 

8 

66 

4 

5 

0 

9 

29 

8  180 

"    Village  ch. 

1838 

David  Sanford,  p. 

1838: 

60,152  212  35 

19 

2 

21' 

1 

2 

0 

3 

9 

4  125 

Melrose, 

1847 

E.  A.  Buck,  p. 

1859 

30 

42|   72!  6 

13 

6 

19 

0 

3 

0 

3 

4 

5,110 

Mendon, 

1828 

Vacant 

7 

28'  35!  7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

ol  20 

Methuen, 

1729 

John  (!.  Phillips,  p. 

18.39 

63 

120  183,59 

17 

0 

17 

2 

7 

0 

^1 

7 

0  150 

Middleboro',  1st  ch. 

1694 

1.  W.  Putnam,  d.d.,  p. 

1835 

57 

123  180  32 

18 

0 

18 

l|  1 

0 

2) 

17 

0  170 

•'     North,  latch. 

1748 

KIbridge  G.  Little,  s.s. 

40'  87  1271  1 

32    4 

36 

3    5    0 

8 

31 

2  153 

"     Central, 

1847 

Isaiah  C.  Thatcher,  p. 

1856 

60,118  178 1  6 

11  11 

22' 

1    11  0 

2; 

8 

722. 

Middlefleld, 

1773 

Lewis  Bridgaian,  p. 

1859 

46,  53'  99  10 

48!  6 

54 

0    3    0 

3 

10 

3!  61 

Middleton, 

1729 

Amos  H.  Jiiliu.son,  p. 

1857 

47 1 108  155  32 

lil  1 

15! 

2    9|  0 

11 

4 

2  156 

Milford. 

1741 

.lames  T.  Woodbury,  p 

18.-)2 

72  144  216  10 

17  13   30! 

7,  5    0    12 

11 

11  350 

Millburv,  1st  ch. 

1743 

Edmund  Y.  Garrette,p 

1857 

46,115! 161  12 

28  14:  42 

3    5,  1]     9 

13 

4 

186 

•'    2dch. 

1827 

Lewis  Jessup,  p. 

18561 

84  139  223,65 

21 1  3    24 

41  8    0;  12 

13 

0 

15i 

Milton,  1st  ch. 

1678 

.Albert  K   Teele,  p. 

1850 

36 

87  123; 16 

161  5;  21: 

4    0 

0 

4 

9 

4 

70 

'•     2dEv.  Cong,  ch 

.1843 

Edwin  Leonard,  p., 

1852 

8 

26  j  34 

5 

3    2 

5 

1    1 

0 

2 

3 

0 

100 

Monson, 

1762 

1  Alfred  Ely,  d.d.,'  p. 
(  T.  G.  Colton,  p. 

1806 
1855 

86 

160  246 

17 

26  19 

45' 

3    3 

0 

6; 

11 

1 

200 

Montague,  1st  Con.ch 

.1752 

Vacant. 

50 

105  155 

18 

01  8 

8 

3'  2 

0     5 

0 

2 

170 

Monterey, 

1750 

Wiutbrop  H.  Phelps,  p 

1854 

24    611  85  19 

1  0    i; 

4  13    0,  17t 

0 

0    90 

Montgomery, 

1797 

Vacant. 

5!    131   18:   0 

0;  0    0' 

0  0   0!    0 

0 

0    40 

Nantucket, 

1698 

" 

73,274  347:74 

38:  3!  411 

6    Oi  Oj     5 

25 

3  254 

Natick, 

1802 

Charles  M.  Tyler,  p. 

1859 

01157,218  19 

21 

4    25, 

2  lOl  oi  12 

7 

1350 

"         South, 

1859 

E.  Strong,  p. 

1859 

1      1  In 

1 

Needham,  West, 

1798 

A   R.  Baker,  p. 

53    82  135  25 

4 

8 

12! 

1 

2    ol    3 

4 

0  125 

Needham,  Grantville 

,1848 

Edward  S.  Atwood,  p. 

1856 

271  45i   72    4 

15 

4 

19 

1 

2    0 

3 

5 

1    79 

Needhain, 

1857 

Vacant. 

14    22    36    2 

2 

0 

2    1 

0    0 

1 

0 

0    90 

New  Bedford,  1st  ch. 

1691) 

Asahel  Cobb,  p. 

1857 

15'  44!  59  18 

Ij  4 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0    50 

"        North  ch. 

1807 

Ileiiry  W.  Parker,  p. 

185«) 

181  277  408  80 

99'  9 

108 

1 

6 

0 

7 

50 

14825 

'•        Trinity  ch. 

1831 

Wtieelock  Craig,  p. 

1850 

6,-,  128  193  18 

(i4  12 

76 

1 

3 

0 

4 

25 

12  2.55 

"        Pacihc  ch. 

1844 

Timothy  Stowe,  p. 

1854 

37 

94 

131 

7 

32 

10 

42, 

3 

9 

0 

12 

22 

4 

340 

I860.] 


Statistics. — Massachusetts. 


Ill 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  2 

_2 

HJ 

0 

u 

•J 

a 

i  ^ 

if       c 

0 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

■?      1 

<: 

H 

0 

E- 

lilS 

a 

< 

0 

H 

s 

3     <3 

New  Brain  tree, 

1754  John  U.  Gurnej',  p. 

(  L.  Withington,  I).  D.p 

1856 
.1816 

18 

71 

89 

8    6 

3 

9 

1 

2 

6 

3 

2 

1 

90 

Newbury,  1st  ch. 

1635    1  John  H.  Thurston,  p 

.1859 

46 

143 

189 

92  51 

1 

52 

7 

2 

1 

10 

34 

22 

170 

"     ByfieUl  ch. 

1706  Charles  Brooks,  p. 

1858 

67 

92 

1.59 

22  51 

4 

55 

3 

5 

0 

8 

27 

0 

145 

Newburvp't,  North  c 

.1768 

L.  F.  Diuiniiek,  n.  D.,p 

.1819 

55 

265 

320 

4  47 

1 

48 

7 

0 

0 

7 

23 

5 

200 

"     4th  ch. 

1793 

Kandolph  Campbell,  p. 

1837 

77 

200 

277 

28  63 

8 

71 

6 

7 

0 

13 

SO 

9 

231 

"     Eellville, 

1808 

Daniel  T.  Fi.ske.  p. 

1847 

67 

155 

222 

14  63 

2 

65 

2 

7 

0 

9 

33 

6 

250 

"     Whitefiekl  ch. 

1850 

Samuel  J.  Spalding,  p. 

1851 

49 

146 

195 

19,50 

9 

59 

1 

4 

0 

5 

33 

1 

270 

New  Marlboro',  1st  c 

.  1744li;ichard  T.  Searle,  p. 

1852 

36  i  73 

109 

27    1 

8 

9 

2 

3 

0 

5 

1 

2 

123 

'•     Southfield, 

1794iOtis  J.ombard,  p. 

1849 

22|  44 

66 

14    6 

2 

8 

0 

1 

0 

1 

3 

2 

75 

New  Salem, 

1845 

Erastus  Curtiss,  s.s. 

10 

29 

39 

10    2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

40 

Newton,  1st  ch. 

1664 

Daniel  L.  Furber,  p. 

1847 

56 

1081164 

23  22 

3 

25 

4 

7 

0 

11 

7 

3 

175 

"     We.st,  2a  ch. 

1781 

George  B.  Little,  p. 

1857 

48 

79' 127 

20  ^11 

10 

21 

3 

5 

0 

8 

5 

4|170 

"    Eliot  ch. 

1845'Joshua  \f.  Wellm'an,  p 

.1856 

68 

1.5."  21.' 1:    1.-,  :;o 

21 

51 

1 

6 

1 

8 

8 

11  245 

"     Auburndale, 

1850  Edward  W.  Clark,  p. 

1857 

36 

.5;;    s:i,  21   1! 

10 

21 

1 

2 

0 

3 

4 

1120 

Northampton,  1st  ch 

.  166llZachary  Eddy,  p. 

1858 

200 

SOD  5uui  V.\  ,93  26 

119 

9 

5 

0 

14 

19 

21404 

"     Edwards  eh. 

1833 

Gordon  Hall,  p. 

1852 

113179  29kl 

30  43 

14 

57 

4 

12 

1 

17 

9 

11230 

North  Andover,  Ev.  c 

.1834 

Li.  Henry  Cobb,  p. 

1857 

24 

96! 129 

20'|19 

6 

25 

1 

2 

0 

3 

10 

6 

130 

Northboro', 

1832 

S.  S.  Ashley,  p. 

1852 

29 

64    93 

31 

4 

6|  10 

1 

8 

0 

9 

2 

0 

142 

Nothbridge,  1st  ch. 

1782 

George  B  Safford,  s.s. 

27 

63'  90 

17 

6 

0 

6 

1 

3'  1 

5 

4 

1 

128 

"     Whitinsville, 

1834 

Lewis  F.  Clark,  p. 

1842 

71 

126 

197:  21 

49 

11 

60 

5 

4 

0 

9 

25 

6 

240 

No.Bridgewater,  1st  c 

.  1740 

Vacant. 

eo 

89 

139      9 

3 

2 

5 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

1 

200 

"     South  Cong,  cli 

.  1837 

Charles  W.  O'ood,  p. 

1858 

46 

78 

124      4 

0 

6 

6 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

2 

170 

"     Porter  Ev.  ch. 

1850 

Charles  L.  Mills,  p. 

1852 

72 

139|211|    4 

19 

3 

22 

2 

4 

0 

6 

13 

3 

250 

(  Thos.  Sneli,  d.d.  p. 

1798 

No.  BrookCeld,  1st  c 

1752 

j  Christop.  Cushing,  p 

.1851 

98 

206 

304    10  32 

5 

37 

3 

9 

0 

12 

17 

2 

375 

"     L'nicn  ch. 

1854 

\Vm   H.  Beecher,  p. 

1857 

36 

72 

108    13  12 

2 

14 

3 

5 

0 

8 

6 

0 

250 

North  Chelsea, 

1828 

Marcus  Ames,  s.s. 

5 

14 

19      2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

65 

Northfield,  Trin.  oh. 

1825 

VVillard  Jones,  s.s. 

21 

51    72;  12 

4 

7 

11 

2 

1 

0 

3 

3 

0 

70 

North  Heading, 

1848 

Thomas  N.  Jones,  p. 

1853 

16 

41    57      .5, 

1 

5 

6 

2 

g 

0 

5 

1 

2 

75 

Norton, 

1832 

Franklin  Holmes,  p. 

1852 

40 

81  121    20 

6 

1 

7 

0 

18 

0 

18 

5 

0 

125 

Oalcham, 

1773 

James  Kimball,  p. 

1832 

83 1 158  j  241'  36' 

8 

1 

9 

8 

12 

1 

21 

8 

0 

200 

Orange, 

1846 

Edwin  Dimock,  p. 

1858 

.06  ]09|l65i  17! 

47 

3 

50 

0 

9 

0 

9 

28 

9 

212 

Orleans, 

1719 

Jacob  White,  p. 

1841 

29 

91  120!     2i 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

225 

Otis, 

1779 

Thomas  A.  Hall, s.s. 

26 

69    95    15 

10 

1 

11 

1 

1 

0 

2 

8 

0 

94 

Oxford, 

1721 

H   Bardwell,  D.D. 

1836 

93 

184  277 1  40 !67 

10 

77 

2 

9 

0 

11 

35 

4 

190 

Palmer,  1st  ch. 

1730 

Vacant. 

18 

51,  69 

25!   7 

0 

7' 

1 

3 

0 

4 

6 

3 

40 

"    2d  ch. 

1847 

Joseph  Vaill,  d.d.  p. 

1854 

.34 

77  111 

15:34 

9 

43 

3 

2 

0 

5 

18 

6 

110 

Pawtucket, 

1829 

Constantine  Blodgett,  p 

.1836 

8 J  262  345 

65 '52 

11 

63 

2 

7 

0 

9 

32 

10 

290 

Paxion, 

1767 

^MUi.am  Phipps,  p. 

1840; 

33!   74; 107 

8:18 

4 

22: 

2 

6 

0 

8 

7 

2 

185 

Pelham, 

1837 

Vacant. 

5    22|  27 

17  1  0 

0 

0' 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

J'epperell, 

1747 

Edward  P.  Smith,  p. 

1856 

102  189  291 

52'  22 

6 

28' 

7 

8 

0 

15 

14 

0 

275 

Peru, 

1770 

Vacant. 

58    7611.34 

20    8 

4 

12i 

1 

5 

0 

6j 

5 

1 

150 

Petersham, 

1823 

Charles  Kendall,  s.s. 

35    93 1 128 

17    8 

2 

10 

5 

2 

0 

71 

5 

9 

160 

Phillipston, 

1785 

Samuel  Vf .  Barnum,  p. 

1856 

59 :  122' 181 1  35!  16 

3 

19 

4 

6 

3 

13, 

6 

1 

175 

Pittstield,  1st  ch. 

1764 

John  Todd.  D.  D.  p. 

1842 

703  343126 

13 

39 

4 

12 

0 

16! 

4 

13 

250 

"     2d,  (colored,) 

1846 

Samuel  Harrison,  p. 

1850 

10!  29!  391     71 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

40 

"     South, 

1850 

li.oswell  Foster,  p. 

1859 

93  185  278!  26! 

2 

3 

5 

4 

20 

0 

24 

100 

Piainfield, 

1786 

Solomon  Clark,  s.s. 

43 

95:1.38 

13 

24 

1 

25 

6 

7 

0 

13 

9 

12.35 

Ph  mouth,  2d  ch. 

1738 

A'acant. 

60 

861146 

20'    4 

0 

4' 

1 

1 

0 

2 

3 

11117 

'^    3dch. 

18U1 

Nath'l  B.  Blanchard,  s.s,         | 

54 

158  212 

8: 

16 

1 

17 

2 

4 

0 

6, 

9 

13,200 

"     Chiltonville, 

1818 

Kzekiel  Dow,  s  s. 

25 

531  78 

6: 

0 

0 

Oj 

1 

0 

0 

1! 

0 

Oi  40 

Plympton, 

1698 

Josiah  Ballard,  s.s. 

32 

90  122 

22! 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0  160 

Prescott, 

1823  D.^vid  Bancroft,  p. 

1858 

18 

30    48 

8' 

12 

6 

18' 

0 

1 

0 

1 

10 

0!  60 

Princeton, 

1764]  William  T.  ISriggs,  p. 

1856 

59 

107 1 166 

14 

16 

4 

201 

3 

0 

0 

3' 

9 

8  180 

Provincetown, 

1714  Osborne  Myrick,  p. 

1846 

16,  53,  69 

4 

18 

2    201 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0'  80 

Quincy,  Ev.  cong. 

1832 

Licentiate. 

22,  55|  771    4' 

6 

0 

6 

3 

1 

0 

4| 

1 

11 112 

Kandolph,  1st  ch. 

1731 

Vacant. 

40 

81121    10 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

l] 

2 

0  1.55 

"     East.  2d  ch. 

1818 

Vacant. 

25 

58 1  83 

5' 30 

0 

30 

1 

7 

0 

8; 

19 

9!  129 

"     Wiuthrop  ch. 

1856 

Ezekiel  Kussell,  D.D.  p. 

18571 

39 

691108 

l'l28 

6 

34 

1 

0 

0 

1 

11 

101165 

Eaynham, 

1731 

■lohn  Haskell,  p. 

1859; 

67 

134 

201 

23  !53 

6    59j 

1 

0 

0 

ii 

53 

0  272 

Reading,  Old  c'outh, 

1770 

^Vi'liam  Barrows,  p. 

1856 

58 

130 

188 

14 

10 

2 

12 

2 

3 

0 

5 

8 

8  225 

"     Bethesda  ch. 

1849 

William  11.  Uilcox,  p. 

1857 

67 

101 

168 

12: 

6 

6 

12 

6 

5 

0 

11 

5 

3  230 

P.ehoboth, 

1721 

Walter  P.  Doe,  s  s. 

42 

79 

121 

0; 

25 

0 

25 

5 

0 

0 

5 

25 

0,120 

Piichmond, 

1765 

Charles  S.  Kenshaw,  p. 

1853 

26 

63 

89 

8! 

5 

0 

5 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

11  90 

Kochestcr,  Center, 

1703 

Vacant. 

22 

78 

100 

20 

5 

1 

6 

1 

4 

0 

5: 

3 

1    57 

'•     North, 

1758 

Vacant. 

1 

8 

12 

20 

2 

0 

0     0 

2 

0 

0 

2: 

0 

Ol  30 

Kockijort,  1st  ch. 

1755 

Wakefield  Gale,  p. 

1836, 

110 

297 

307 

24 

30 

2    32 

6 

4 

1 

11 

7 

18  260 

"    2d  ch. 

1855 

David  Bremner,  p. 

1856 

28 

30 

58 

0 

14 

0 

14 

0 

0 

0 

*^l 

7 

2  1.30 

Eowlej-, 

1639 

John  Pike,  p. 

1840 

48 

124 

172 

8  20 

1 

21 

3 

2 

0 

5' 

12 

4  100 

Roxbury,  Eliot  ch. 

1^34 

Aug.  C.  Thompson,  p. 

1842 

120 

251 

.371 

58  46 

30 

76 

8 

21 

2 

31: 

13 

13  600 

"     Viue-st.  ch. 

1857 

John  0.  Means,  p. 

18571 

35 

47 

82 

0  22 

8 

30 

2 

0 

0 

2: 

6 

9  179 

Koyalston,  1st  ch. 

1766 

Ebenezer  W.  BuUard,  p 

1852 

45 

91 

136 

li 

13 

3 

16 

4 

7 

0 

11 

6 

2  236 

'•     2d  ch. 

1837 

Edwin  Seabury,  p. 

1858 

41 

79 

120 

25 

0 

2 

2 

6 

16 

0 

22, 

0 

0;    80 

Rutland, 

1727 

Clarendon  Waite,  p. 

1858 

66 

139 

205 

39 

6 

5 

11 

5 

7 

0 

12 

3 

0  210 

Salem,  Tabernacle  ch 

1629 

S.  M.  Worcester,  d.d.  p. 

1834 

77 

321  398 

20, 

15 

4 

19 

6 

10 

0 

16 

6 

7,321 

I  B.  Emerson,  D.D.  p. 

1805 

1 

1 

j 

1 

1 

'■    3d  ch 

1735 

1  Israel  E.  Dwinell,  p. 

1849 

82 

262  344 

48 

33 

6    39 

9 

6 

0 

15 

14 

13  410 

"    lloward-st.  ch. 

1803 

Charles  C.  Beaman,  s.s. 

19 

87:106 

10 

19 

3   22 

0 

5 

0 

5| 

5 

2  170 

"    Crombie-st.  ch. 

1832 

Vacant. 

50 

210 

260 

171 

25 

5 

301 

3 

7 

0 

10 

10 

11 

220 

112 


Statidics. — Ilassachiisdts. 


[Jan. 


Place  and  Name.      Org. 


Name. 


Com. 


CHH.  MEMBERS.     ADPIT  NS.|| 

Jan.  1,  1859.      1858-9. 


REMOVALS. 

1858-9. 


cu  i,j  I   ^\\a  IQ 


Salisbury,  Hill, 

Sandisfield, 

Sandwich, 
"     Monument, 
'•     Puritan  cli. 

Saugus,  1st  ch. 


1718  Bcujaniin  Sawyer,  s.s. 

1756  Aarun  Piokctt,  p. 

1649  U'illiam  Carruthers,  p. 

1833      Vacant 

1847 

1732 


Seituate,No.,  Tr.  C.  c.  1*>35 
geekonk,  1643 

Sharon,  1741 

Sheffield, 
Shelburne,  1st  ch. 

"     Palls, 
Sherborn, 
Shirley, 
Shrewsbury, 
Shutesbury, 
Somerville, 
Southampton, 
Southboro', 
Southbridge, 

South  Danvers,  1st  ch.l713 

South  Hadlev,  1st  ch.  1733 

"    Falls,        1824 


Levi  Brigham,  p. 

Vacant. 
James  0.  Barney,  s.s. 
L.  K.  Phillips,  p. 
George  E.  liill,  p. 
Richard  S.  Billings,  p. 
\\  ilbur  F.  Loomis,  p. 
Edmund  Dowse,  p. 

Vacant. 
Wm.  A.  McGinley,  p. 
Anson  Hubbard,  s.s. 


1851 

1858 


1851 


1841 
1855 
1855 
1856 


5 

17,  22 

M 

137  201 

41 

87  128 

10 

22  32 

'   15 

35  50 

1' 

37  54 

27 

50  77 

1  37 

73  110 

2;  0 

53,14 


1735 
1770 
1850 
1685 
1828 
1723 
1742 
1855i  David  T.  Packard,  s.s.    1859 


1859 


381  8911271 


142178 
91  173 


1743 
1831 

1801 


South  Reading, 
South  wick, 
Spencer, 

Springfield,  1st  ch. 
"     Olivet, 
"     South, 
"     North, 


Indian  Orchard,  1848 


Joseph  E.  Swallow,  p, 

William  J.  Breed,  p. 

Eber  Carpenter,  p. 

James  0.  Murray,  p. 

Hiram  Mead,  p. 

Richard  Knight,  p. 
(  Reuben  Emerson,  p. 
1645|  I  Joseph  B.  Johnson,  p. 
1773jErastus  Clapp,  p. 
1744  S.  G.  Dodd,  p. 

(  S.  Osgood,  D.D.,  p. 

1637    I  Henry  M.  Parsons,  p. 
1833  George  D.  F.  Folsom,  p. 
1842  S.  G.  Buckingham,  p. 
1846|james  Drummond,  p. 


36 

82 

53 

58 

18 

74 

13 

39 
18591147:170131' 
1858 1 1  63  1091172 

51  127 1 178 

77^197  274 

94  184  278 

48  120.168 


Sterling, 
Stockbridge, 

"     Curtisville, 
Stoneham, 
Stoughton,  1st  ch. 
Stowe, 

'■     Assabet, 

Sturbridge,  1730 

Sunderland,  1718 

Sudbury,  1640 

Sutton,  1720 

Swanipscot,  1st  ch.  1846 

Taunton,  1st  ch.  1637 

"     Trin.  Cong.  ch.  1821 

'■     Winslow  ch.  1S37 

"    East  ch. 

Tompleton,  1832 

Tewksburv,  1734 

Ti.-burv,  i-itch.  1700 

"     liolmes"  Hole,  1844 

Tolland,  1797 

Topsticld,  1663 

Townscnd,  1734 

Truro,  1711 

••    North,  1842 

Upton,  1735 

L'xbridge,  1731 

AValpole,  1826 
VTaUhani,  Tr.  Cong.  c.  1820 

Ware,  1st  ch.  1761 

•'     East  ch.  1826 

Wareham,  1739 

AVarren,  1742 

AA'arwick,  1829 

Washington,  1772 
AVatertown,  Phillips  c. 1855 


F.  A.  Barton,  s.s. 


Vacant. 
Alfred  H.  Dashiell,  Jr.p. 


1852 

1784 

1824 

1729i  William  J  Batt,  p. 

1744|Thoraas  Wilson,  p. 

1839      Vacant, 

1852' 


1835 
1854 
1858 
1856 
1804 
1857 
1858 
1854 
1809 
1854 
1855 
1847 
1858 


1850 


Sumner  G.  Clapp,  p. 
Sereno  D.  Clark,  p. 
Krastus  Dickinson,  p. 
George  L\man,  p. 
Jon.as  B.  Clark,  p. 
Alvan  Cobb,  p. 
Erastus  Maltby,  p. 
.Mortimer  Blake,  p. 
1853  James  11.  Cushiug,  s.s. 
l>e\vis  Sabin,  d.p..  p. 
I.ichard  Tolman,  p. 
A'aiant. 

C.  F.  Paige,  s.s. 
Auson  Mchoud,  p. 


1859 

1856 


1856 
1853 
1856 
1851 
1846 
1815 


78; 114  192 
19  57 1  76 
40  112  152 

85 '268; 853 
58; 138 1 196 
115  218:333 
90  i  140 !  230 
251  431  68 
37}  54 
176  274 
76:119 


121 


63 
20 
32 

72,1421214 
86; 127  213 
63  137  2O0 


119,166 

511  69 
8  114 


1826  112  299  411 


AVavland, 
Webst(,T, 
AVelltlect,  1st  ch. 

'•     South, 
Wendell, 
A\'cnham, 
A\'e.«tboro', 
AVest  Bovlston, 
A',"est  Br(»okfiold, 


Edward  AV.  Noble,  p. 

Job  Cushnian,  s.s. 

Andrew  J.  VVillard,  p. 

Jacob  J.  Abbott,  p. 

J.  Warren  llealy,  p. 

R.  B.  Thurston,  p. 

Ariel  P.  Chute,  p. 

A.  E.  P.  I'erkins,  p. 
A'acant. 

Stephen  S.  Smith,  p. 

Eli  Moody,  s  s. 

Moses  M.  Longley,  p. 

Stephen  1!.  Denuen,  p. 
l!-'28      Vacai.t. 
183S  Thomas  Morong.  s.s. 
1730 'Samuel  Hoplev,  P- 
1833  Joseph  H.  Pat^rick,  s.s. 


1774 
1644 
1724 
1796 
171 


Abraham  Jenkins,  s.s. 
John  S.  Fewall.  p. 
Luther  H.  Sheldon,  p. 

V.icanf. 
Chrisfr  M.  Cordley,  p. 


AV.  Cambridge,  Ev.  c.  1842JDaniel  il.  Cady,  p 
•AVestfield,  1st  ch.         1679;Emcrson  Davis,  n.D.,  p 


1855 


1837 
1852 


1841 

1849 

1857 
1850 
1859 
1859 
1857 
1855 

1854 

1859 
1856 


1859 
1856 

1859 
1856 
1836 


0  124  194 
5|  151  20 
'  101  14t 


44 


114  171 

25    39 

9    12 

67  103 

117  169 

163^227 

45 i  751120 

5    16    21 

78,185263 


4  I  2 

9: 0 

8;  11 

3  4 
14  I  7 

2  32 

6,25 

4,84 

7;  34 
20118 
14  11 
46 

1 

13 
45 
32 
48  16 
lll43 
54  '47 

24  30 
23  I  1 
10  34 

46!  37 
23  31 
41, 151 

52,43 
10  19 

81  2 
46/43 
47  15 
18  13 
20'|  3 

5!|  0' 

4' 17; 

34!|  7 
12!'  2 

9' 32 
33  141 

2  1  3 
211 12  i 
40  36  10 
3.3;  211  4 

l'  4:  2 
21i,20i  4 
23  221  5 

llj  Ol  0 
10  0  0 
28  I  el  2 

12:12!  0 

15!l8l  7 
6    0' 


117 


80 

89 

191 

39  100 

53:121 

14    52 


1 

65!  91 
83  129 
96  147 
134:212 


23i 


82  174 

561  98 
39 1  75 
91225 


121 

70 
112 
348 
256 
164 
114 
316 


0 

0!  0 

24'  2 

14:  7 

01  3 
0  2 
ii|  2 
53 15 


01  0,  0,    0 

4  6  0|  10 

2  41  0 
li  1  0 
0,  0  0 
0  0  2 


1    0    0 

0  l|  0 

1  12,  0 


3 

4 
1 

4 

0 

0 

4 

4 

1  13 

31  3 


0 
0 

Ol 

0| 
0 

0!  3 
0;  4 
0  9 
0!  9: 
OJ  14| 
7 


4  10,  Oi  14 

2]  0:  01    2 


3    2i 

1|     2; 


7.13 

5|  7| 

5  14 

2  11 

Ol 


0|    5l 
0     3, 

0    3: 


0!  0 
0:145 

2  90 
0;  40 
0,  0 
1130 
0108 
3;  150 

is;  3  140 
111    3  194 

0  225 
5  150 

3  130 

01  60 
1220 
0!  45 

0  350 

4  223 

1  160 
0;i30 

19  5  396 
16;  10  230 
21 j  12; 175 

20i    1260 

0|     0;  60 

24     3  200 


2    5 
0    0 


4: 

2  0: 

0  0! 

3  2 
l|  9 
31  21 
1|  0 

1  2 
513 
51  3 
3;  2 
1    l| 

01  01 
2[  1 

2  4 

2  12 
41  3 
2|  1 

0  0 

1  0 
615 

3  13 
61  7 
1!  8 
9,16! 


0  111 

0  II 
0|  1 

01  2 
0  151 
0  5 

0  .5!! 

0  11!. 

0:  2!| 

0  Oil 

0  13; 
0 

0,  0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

01  10 


0 
5 

10 
5 
1 
3 

18 
8 
5 

'2 
0 
3 
6 
0|  14 
0 


0)  3 

0  0 

01  1 

1|  22 

3  19 

ol  13 

ol  9 

0!  25 


15 

12  373 

11 

0'168 

17 

9 '200 

28 

10  175 

10 

2|  60 

0 

0100 

17 

13  150 

4 

0  58 

7 

0  124 

1 

2120 

0 

01  25 

11 

0205 

4 

2  140 

1 

5  175 

10 

7  203 

12 

2  150 

3 

8  230 

8 

4  112 

23 

5  355 

11 

2  201 

4 

0  95 

8 

8  165 

8 

5  134 

0 

1  0 

0 

0  0 

5 

1  80 

8 

2  190 

6 

3.210 

0 

2  170 

0 

0  60 

12 

2  430 

9 

0  233 

0 

4  115 

0 

01  80 

3 

4  130 

31 

21425 

2 

2: 125 

4 

11150 

6 

11  75 

0 

01  .70 

R 

I'lOO 

1 

2,170 

22 

11131 

1 

4  140 

1 

0  150 

0 

21  45 

0 

0  212 

2 

5  370 

"1 

0  225 

9 

10  130 

4 

4  132 

11 

3  250 

I860.] 


Statistics. — Massachusetts. 


113 


CHB.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1, 1869. 

1858. 

1858. 

1858.     S 

»;    "=8     >j 

0 

^ 

■.:) 

I'.ls 

J 

p 

0 
m 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com.l    -3      S     g 

« 

c 

^ 

< 

P  '■  § 

< 

"5 

(S 

n 

!   1    ^     g\< 

(S 

►S 

0 

a 

0  ;a 

H 

< 

a 

< 

Westfiel(i,'2dch. 

1856 

Joel  S.  Bingham,  p. 

1857 

1  781  94 

172    4 

68 

19 

87, 

1 

5 

0 

6 

37 

~3 

240 

Westford, 

1828 

John  Whitney,  s.s. 

1  49  122 

17142 

26 

12 

38, 

1 

2 

0 

3 

18 

0 

170 

Westhampton, 

1779 

E.  C.  Bissell,  p. 

1859 

103! 148 

251  13 

70 

22 

92' 

2 

8 

0 

10 

25 

19 

200 

Westminster, 

1744 

Brown  Emerson,  p. 

1859 

70 

157 

227  15 

4 

6 

10 

5 

14 

1 

20 

2 

1 

170 

W.  Newbury,  1st  ch. 

1798 

Charles  D.  Herbert,  p. 

1857 

42 

64; 106; 10 

20 

8 

28 

6 

2 

1 

9 

8 

2 

156 

"    "    2dch. 

1731 

Davis  Foster,  p. 

1855 

35 

11-1 152 1  7 

18 

4 

22 

3 

1 

0 

4 

6 

11 

346 

Westport, 

1858 

Isaac  Dunham,  s.s. 

6 

11    16 

3 

2 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

70 

W.  Roxbury,  S.  Ev.  c 

h. '35 

Thomas  Laurie,  p. 

1851 

30 

62    92 

14 

4 

3 

7 

2 

11 

0 

13 

0 

9 

140 

"     "     Jamaica  Plain,        ] 

Mather  ch. 

1853  Alonzo  II.  Quint,  p. 

1853 

42 

68  110 

20 

25 

14 

39 

1 

9 

0 

10 

10 

5  157 

West  Springfield, 

lB98;Theron  H.  Uawks,  p. 

18.55 

7111581229 

29 

23 

5 

28 

3  11 

0 

14 

11 

6 

218 

"     "     Mettineague,  1853|E.  J.  Alden,  p. 

1858 

13 

31!  44:14 

13!  1 

14 

Oi  1 

0 

1 

7 

6 

80 

West  Stookbridge, 

1833iDaiiiel  D.  Frost,  p. 

1857 

29 

69 

98 

45 

10 

3 

13 

1 

1 

0 

2 

8 

1 

65 

"     "     Center,- 

1789 [Lewis  Pennell,  p. 

1854 

34 

46 

80 

10 

7 

1 

8' 

4 

2 

0 

0 

6 

0 

50 

Weymouth,  No.,  1st  c 

.  1623  Joshua  Emery,  p. 

1838 

46 

86 

132 

3 

4 

0 

4' 

4 

0 

1 

5 

2 

0 

100 

"     South,  2d  ch. 

1723  James  P.  Terry,  p. 

1848 

33 

75 

108 

5' 

1 

0 

1 

3 

01  0 

3 

0 

2 

150 

"     Union  ch. 

1842JStephen  II.  Hayes,  p. 

1858 

21 

61 

82 

2i 

4 

3 

71 

4 

0    0 

4 

4 

0 

160 

"     East, 

1843  Edmund  S.  Potter,  p. 

1851 

62 

85 

147 

22' 

6 

2 

81 

3    3i  0 

6 

5 

1 

160 

"    No.,  Pilgrim  ch 

.  1852  Samuel  L.  Kockwood,  p 

.  1858 

i5 

45 

60 

2' 

1 

2 

3!   3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

2 

133 

Whately,  1st  ch. 

177llC.  N.  Seymour,  p. 

1853 

72 

116 

188 

15! 

49 

7 

56 

7 

1 

0 

8 

27 

2 

165 

"     2d  Cong.  ch. 

1842  Charles  Lord,  p. 

1856 

33!  53 

86  10 

13 

6 

19 

1 

4 

1 

6 

7 

3 

40 

Wilbrabam, 

1741  John  P.  Skeele,  p. 

1858 

66 

105 171 '31 

27 

6 

33' 

0 

11 

0 

11 

12 

5 

125 

"     South, 

1785iC.  B.  Kittredge,  s.s. 

19 

47!  66:14 

1 

3 

4 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

66 

Williamsburg, 

17731  Frederic  T.  Perkins,  p. 

1857, 

120 

179 

299 

221 

70 

12 

82 

6 

9 

0 

15 

30 

3'225 

"     Ilaydenville, 

1851 

C.  Brevrster,  p. 

1858 

43 

98 

141 

23 

17 

5 

22 

2 

8 

.0 

10 

10 

0 

135 

Williamstown,  1st  ch 

.1765 

Addison  Billiard,  p. 

1857; 

250 

20 

6 

26 

5 

15i  0 

20 

9 

7 

50 

"     College  ch. 

1834 

Mark  Hopkins,  d.d.,  p. 

1836 

87 

0 

87 

64 

13 

4 

17, 

0 

8 

0 

8 

3 

0 

0 

"     2d  ch. 

1836 

Vacant. 

13 

23 

36 

4 

Wilmingtou, 

1733lSamuel  II.  Tolman,  p. 

1856 

29 

76  105 

15 

11 

7 

18 

0 

4 

0 

4 

8 

11 

122 

AVincheudon,  1st  ch. 

1762  Benjamin  F.  Clarke,  p. 

1855 

22 

271  49 

20 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

0 

5 

0 

0 

40 

"     North, 

1843!Abijah  P.  Marvin,  p. 

1844 

40  1031143 

16 

9 

7 

16 

6 

5 

0 

11 

3 

2 

165 

Wincbestrr, 

1840; Reuben  T.  Kobiuson,  p 

1852, 

132  2U5'337 

18 

106 

27  133 

7 

8 

2 

17 

47 

13 

345 

Windsor, 

1772'Salmon  C.  Perry,  s.s. 

24    36    60 

7 

3 

4|     7 

0 

5 

0 

5 

2 

1 

90 

Woburn,  1st  ch. 

1642,DnnielMarch,  p. 

1856 

198  351  549 

45 

25  35!  60 

13  12 

1 

26 

11 

6 

400 

"    North, 

1849      Vacant. 

9    27    36    6| 

0'  o|    0 

0    8 

0 

8 

0 

0 

58 

Worcester,  1st  par. 

1716  Horace  James,  p. 

1853 

180  391  571 

93 

93 

50  143 

5 

13 

0 

18 

5 

35 

590 

"     CalTinist, 

1820|Seth  Sweetser,  d.d.,  p. 

1838 

10(5  249  355 

50; 

25 

23    48 

2 

20 

0 

22 

8 

5 

300 

"     Union, 

1836  Ebenezer  Cutler,  p. 

1855 

nil  346  537 

50 

28 

36    64 

2 

6 

1 

9 

11 

61520 

"     Salem  St. 

1848|Merrill  Richard:^oa,  p. 

1858 

101 1 183  284 

42 

22 

29    51 

2 

27 

1 

30 

10 

1 

516 

Worthingtou, 

177l!john  11.  Bisbee,  p. 

1838 

811351 216 

25' 

21 

3 

24 

0    31  0 

3 

10 

1 

310 

Wrentliam, 

1692' William  L.  Hopes,  p. 

1853 

51 

186 

237 

55 

26 

2 

28 

2 

5    0 

7 

15 

5 

237 

"     North, 

18.39; Franklin  Davis,  s.s. 

11 

31 

42 

5 

1 

0 

1    2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

4 

60 

Yarmouth, 

1639      Vacant. 

30 

83 

113 

16 

10 

0 

10    4 

1 

0 

5 

1 

3 

138 

"     West, 

1840'john  E.  Cory,  s.s. 

7 

38 

45  10 '    1 

0 

1    1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

1 

50 

Summary.— Churches,  487 ;  Ministers,  421 ;  Church  members,— 24,230  Males,  51.519  Females  ;  Total,  76,931, 
including  10,575  absentees.  Additions  in  1858, — 8,817  by  profession,  2.531  by  letter  ;  Total,  11,348.  Re- 
movals in  18.58,— 1,191  by  de.atli,  2,413  by  dismissal,  78  by  excommunication ;  Total,  3,682.  Baptisms,— 4,100 
Adult,  1,720  Infant.     In  Sabbath  Scliools,  80,445. 

Other  Ministers. — J.Aiken,  Charlestown ;  William  Allen,  D.D. .  Northampton;  John  W.  Alrord,  Sec. 
American  Tract  Society,  Boston  ;  Rufus  Anderson,  D.D.,  Sec.  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions,  Boston:  Elisha  Bacon,  Teacher,  Centerville ;  Luther  Bailey,  East  Medway  ;  John  D.  Bald- 
win, Boston;  Elijah  P.  Barrows,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Andover  Theological  Seminary,  Andover ;  James  Bates, 
Granby  ;  Spencer  F.  Beard,  Andover  ;  George  C.  Beckwith,  D.D.,  Sec.  American  Peace  Society,  Boston  ; 
William  S.  Blanchard  — ;  Zenas  Bliss,  Amherst ;  [Joab  Brace,  D.D.,  PittsSold,  (ord.  Jan.  16,  1805) ;]  Samuel 
Bradford,  Montague;  Henry  M.  Bridge,  Warwick;  David  Brigham,  Bridgewater ;  Sylvester  F.  Bucklin, 
Marlboro';    Asa  Bullard,   Sec.  Mass.   Sabbath  School   Society,  Boston;  Daniel  C.  Burt,  Berkley;   M'illiam 


Dana  Cloyes,  South  Reading;  Nathaniel  Cobb,  Evangelist,  Kingston;  D.  N.  Coburn,  Mousou  ;  Nathaniel 
Cogswell,, Yarmouth  ;  Edw.  W.  Cook,  Townsend  ;  [William  M.  Cornell,  now  in  Philadelphia  ;]  John  P.  Cowles, 
Principal  of  Young  Ladies'  Seminary,  Ipswich;  Josiah  D.  Crosby,  Ashburnham  ;  Joseph  W.  Cross,  West 
Boylston  ;  Preston  Cummings,  Leicester  ;  J.  Jay  Dana.  Adams  ;  Timothy  Davis,  Kingston  ;  Elijah  Demond, 
East  Falmouth  ;  A.  C.  Denison,  Medford  ;  Rodney  G.  Dennis.  Grafton;  Joel  L.  Dickinson,  West  Koxbury ; 
Calvin  Durfee,  Financial  Agent  of  Williams  College.  Uilliamstown  ;  John  Dwight,  North  Wrentham  ;  L. 
Root  Eastman,  Needham  ;  Henry  Eddy,  physician  ;  John  Q.  A.  Edgell,  Agent  for  Western  College  Society, 
Andover  ;  John  E.  Edwards,  Lancaster  ;  Isaac  Esty,  Amherst  ;  Luther  Farnham,  Agent  for  Southern  Aid 
Society,  Boston ;  Joseph  B.  Felt,  LL.D.,  Boston  ;  David  D.  Field,  D.D..  (ord.  April  11,  1804) ;  Horatio  Flagg, 
Coleraine  ;  U  illiam  C.  Fowler,  Amherst ;  George  Gannett,  teacher,  Boston  ;  Ebenezer  Gay,  Bridgewater  ;  Al- 
fred Goldsmith,  Groton  ;  Alfred  Greenwood,  Natick ;  N.  H.  Griffin,  'Williamstown  ;  Charles  Hammond,  Prin- 
cipal of  Lawrence  Academy,  Groton  ;  Stedman  W.  Hawks,  Agent  Seaman's  Friend  Society,  Lowell  ;  Sewall 
Harding,  Sec.  Congregational  Board  of  Publication,  Boston  ;  W  illard  M.  Harding,  Quincy  ;  William  Harlow, 
Wrentham  ;  Roger  C.  Hatch,  Warwick  ;  Roswell  Uawks,  South  Hadley  ;  Calvin  Hitchcock,  D.D. ,  Wrentham: 
Edward  Hitchcock,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Amherst  College,  Amherst ;  A.sa  Hixon,  H'est  Medway  ;  L.  Ives  Hoadley, 
Auburn  ;  Edwin  K.  Hodgman,  Townsend  ;  Willard  Holbrook,  Rowley ;  David  Uolman,  Postmaster,  Douglas  • 
Sidney  Holman,  teacher,  Holyoke  ;  Henry  B.  Hooker,  D.D.,  Sec.  Mass.  Home  Missionary  Society.  Boston  ' 
Isaac  Uosford,  Chaplain  in  Insane  Asylum,  Worcester;  George  L.  Hovey,  Sec.  American  and  Foreign  Chris- 

VOL.  II.  15 


114 


Statistics. — Rhode  Island. 


[Jan. 


tian  Union,  Greenfiekl ;  Ileman  numphrey,  D.B.,  (ord.  Mareb  16, 1807) ;  Samuel  C.  Jackson,  D.D.,  Assistant 
Secretary  of  Mass.  Board  of  Education  ;  Forrest  Jefferds,  Soutli  Boston;  William  Jcnks,  D.D.,  Boston; 
Francis  Jordan,  Chaplain  in  County  House,  and  County  Missionary,  Spriufjifield  ;  Caleb  Kimball,  West  Med- 
way  ;  Henry  J.  Lamb.  West  Sprinfrfield;  Isaac  P.  Langworthy,  Sec.  of  American  Congregational  Union, 
Chelsea  ;  John  Lawrence,  Carlisle  ;  William  Leonard,  Scituate  ;  Isaac  N.  Lincoln,  Prof,  in  Williams  College, 
Williamstown  ;  Henry  Looniis,  .Ir.,  Pastor  of  a  Union  Church,  Globe  Tillage,  Southbridgc  ;  Leonard  Luce, 
Boxboro' ;  Solomon  Lyman,  Kasthaiijvton  ;  Kodney  A.  Miller,  Worcester  ;  William  Miller,  Sterling  ;  Cyrus  T. 
Jlills,  Ware  ;  David  T.  Mitchell.  City  .Missionary,  Koxbury  ;  Charles  W.  Monroe,  East  Cambridge  ;  Erasmus 
D.  Moore,  Clerk  in  office  of  SccreturV  of  State.  Boston  ;  Martin  Moore,  Proprietor  of  "  Boston  Recorder,"  Bos- 
ton ;  S.  B.  Morley,  Williamstown  ;  Nathan  Munroe,  Editor  of  "  Boston  Kecorder,"  Boston  ;  Birdsey  G.  Nor- 
throp, Agent  of  Mass.  Board  of  Education  ;  Francis  Norwood,  Monson  ;  Samuel  Nott,  Wareham  ;  D.ayid  Oli- 
phant,  Andover ;  Edwards  A.  Park,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Andover  Theol.  Sem.,  Andover ;  Abel  Patten,  Burlington  ; 
Giles  Pea.se,  phvsician.  Boston;  Joseph  Peckham,  Kingston;  Samuel  II.  Peckham,  Leominster ;  Willard 
Peirce,  North  Abington  ;  Ebenezer  Perkins,  Itoyalston  ;  David  Perry,  teacher,  Pepperell  ;  Austin  Phelps, 
D.D.,  Prof,  in  Andover  Theol.  Sem.,  Andover;  Jeremiah  Pomeroy,  Charlemont ;  Swan  L.  Pomeroy,  D.D., 
Boston;  Kufus  Pomeroy,  Otis;  Enoch  Pratt,  Brewster;  Francis  G.  Pi-att,  Middleboro' ;  Miner  G.  Pratt, 
Agent  of  American  Colonization  Society,  Andover ;  Ebenezer  Price,  Boston,  (ord.  Sept.  26,  1804) ;  Asa  Rand, 
Ashburnhani  ;  Stetson  Raymond,  Bridgewater ;  Andrew  II.  Reed,  Mendon  ;  George  Richards,  Boston  ;  Sam- 
uel II.  Itiddel,  Boston  ;  Otis  Rockwood,  Cambridgeport ;  John  Sandford,  Taunton;  William  H.  Sandford, 
Worcester;  Alexander  J.  Sessions,  Salem;  Samuel  Sewall,  Burlington;  William  G.  T.  Shedd,  Prof,  in 
Andover  Theol.  Sem.,  And'^ver;  William  T.  Sleeper,  Chaplain  in  State  Reform  School,  Westboro' ;  Asa  B. 
Smith,  Buckland;  Charles  Smith,  Hatfield;  Charles  Y.  Spear,  Principal  Blaplewood  Young  Ladies'  Institute, 
Pittslield;  Cyrus  Stone,  Boston;  Timothy  D.  P.  Stone,  Amesbury  Mills;  Calvin  E.  Stowe,  D.D.,  Prof,  in 
Andover  Theol.  Sem.,  Andover ;  Lot  B.  Sullivan,  Wareham;  Increase  N.  Tarbox,  Sec.  of  Am.  Education 
Soc,  Framingham  ;  John  Tatlock,  Prof,  in  Williams  College,  Williamstown  ;  John  L.  Taylor,  Treasurer  of 
Phillips  Academy,  Andover  ;  Josiah  H.  Temple,  Framingham  ;  Calvin  Terry,  North  Weymouth  ;  William  M. 
Thayer,  Editor,  FrankUn  ;  J.  C.  Thompson,  Ilolyoke ;  Jo.seph  Tracy,  Sec.  Mass.  Colonization  Soc,  Beverly  ; 
George  Trask,  Anti-Tobacconist,  Fitchburg  ;  Selah  B.  Treat,  Sec.  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  Boston  ;  James  Tufts,  Mon- 
son ;  Martyn  Tupper,  Hardwick  ;  Josiah  W.  Turner,  Agent  of  Am.  S.  S.  Union,  Boston  ;  William  Tyler,  Paw- 
tucket  ;  William  S.  Tyler,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Amherst  College,  Amherst;  John  A.  Yinton,  South  Boston  ;  James 
G.  Yose,  Prof,  in  Amherst  College,  Amherst ;  Samuel  Ware,  Sunderland;  Aaron  Warner,  Amherst ;  Oliver 
Warner  Sec.  of  the  Commonwealth,  Boston  ;  Calvin  White,  Amherst;  N.  W.  Williams,  Shrewsbury  ;  John 
Woodbridge,  D.D.,  Hadley  ;  Jonathan  E.  Woodbridge,  Auburudale  (Newton);  Samuel  Woodbury,  Freetown  ; 
Henry  A.  Woodman,  Newburyport ;  Isaac  R.  Worcester,  District  Sec.  of  A.  13.  C.  F.  M.,  Auburndale  ;  E.  B. 
Wright,  Huntington.— 168. 


The  General  Association  op  Massachusetts,  whose  Minutes  embody  tlic  statistics,  is  a  clerical  body, 


North,  and  Worcester  South.     Of  the  churches  tliemselves,  359,  embracing  54,154  members,  are  organized 
into  19  local  Conferences. 


RHODE    ISLAND. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS.   1 

baptisms.  . 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1,  1859. 

1858.    j 

1858. 

00 
OLB 

CHtjRCHES. 

. 

"3 

H) 

c 

I- 

li 

■S      c 

S 

1-i 

a 

ts 

Place  and  Name. 

Org.                     Name. 

Com. 

1 

< 

5 

E 

1 

1  i 

0  s 

0 

H 

0 

■5 
< 

< 

Barrington, 

1667  Francis  Ilorton,  s.s. 

1856 

39 1  89 

128 

~n 

^  9 

15 

3  2 

0 

5 

1 

Ij  80 

Bristol, 

1687  Thos.  Shepard,  Ji.D.,p. 

1835 

63  150 1213 

30 

4    0 

4 

4  1 

0 

5 

3 

7 '172 

Central  Falls, 

1845  David  M.  Elwood,  s.s. 

1859 

39 

83 1 122 

28 

11    7 

18 

1  4 

2 

7 

5 

0  130 

Chepachet, 

1846  Orin  F.  Otis,  p. 

1846' 

8 

13 

21 

6 

li  0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

2 

1 

7 

40 

Elmwood, 

1851  Reuben  Torrey,  p. 

1852 

20 

30 

50 

25 

3!  5 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

100 

Kingston, 

1821 1     YacHut. 

12 

55 

67 

12 

18!  4 

22 

0 

0 

0 

0 

15 

1 

60 

Little  Compton, 

1704 

Nathaniel  Beach,  p. 

1857 

54 

136 

190 

40 

15 

2 

17 

4 

5 

0 

9 

8 

0 

221 

Newport, 

1883 

Thatcher  Thayer,  p. 

1852 

40 

148 

188 

36 

23 

5 

28 

0 

0 

0 

6 

14 

9:250 

North  ^^cituate, 

1834 

Loriug  B.  Marsh,  s.s. 

1859 

10 

40 

50 

28 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0|  50 

Pawtucket, 

1829 

Constantine  Blodgett, 

p.1836 

83,262 

345 

65 

,52  11 

63 

2 

7 

0 

9 

S2 

11290 

Peacedale, 

1857 

Yacant. 

10 

20 

30 

3 

161  1 

17 

2 

0 

1 

3 

1 

5|160 

Providence, — 

1 

1 

Beneficent  ch. 

1744 

A.  Huntington  Clapp, 

p.  '55 

145 

338 

483 

57 

56119 

75 

9 

8 

0 

17 

89 

7 '311 

Richmond  st.  ch. 

1795 

Jona.  Leavitt,  D.P.,  p. 

1840 

103 

245 

348 

52 

23 '16 

39 

8^14 

0 

22 

0 

5,350 

High  St.  ch. 

1834 

Lyman  Whiting,  p. 

1859 

119  2661385 

35 

70  13 

83 

3 

24 

0 

27 

10 

42,362 

Free  Evang'l  ch. 

1843 

Robert  II.  Conklin,  s.s 

18.53 

78  173 

251 

47 

14:  4 

18 

1 

14 

0 

15 

11 

2  140 

Central  ch. 

1852 

Leonard  Swain,  n.n.,  p 

.1852 

91  181 

272 

34 

5ti  25 

81 

0 

3 

2 

5 

23 

10310 

River  Point, 

1849 

George  W.  Adams,  p. 

1857 

11    29 

40 

4 

13!  7 

20 

0 

2 

0 

2 

6 

0,120 

Slaters  ville, 

1816 

Edwin  A.  Buck.  p. 

1859 

25    92 

117 

29 

51  2 

7 

3 

9 

0 

12 

0 

OI13O 

Tivenon, 

1746 

Nelson  Clark,  s.s. 

1858 

3    23 

26 

0 

0    0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0  100 

Westerly, 

1843 

.^Iphonso  L.  Whitman 

p.  "53 

20    48 

68 

11 

4    4 

8 

2 

1 

0 

3 

2 

2    50 

Woonsocliet, 

1834 

Theodore  Cooke,  s  s. 

•1857 

17    41 

58 

25 

8    7 

15 

1 

3 

0 

4 

6 

1    50 

Summary.— Churches,  21 ;  Mini.<?ters,  19 :  Church  members,— 990  Males,  2,462  Females ;  Total,  3,452,  in- 
cluding 588  absentees.  Additions  in  1858,-398  by  profession,  141  by  letter;  Total,  539.  Removals  in 
1858,-50  by  death.  101  by  dismissal,  7  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  158.  Baptisms,— Adult,  177,  Infant, 
110.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  3,46J. 


Other  Ministers. — Thomas  Williams,   Providence,  (ord.  Jan.  1, 1807 
now  in  Europe. 


James  M.  Iloppin,  Providence, 
These  Churches  are  all  united  in  the  Rhode  Island  Evangelical  Consociatio-v. 


I860.] 


Statistics. —  Connecticut. 


115 


CONNECTICUT. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

KEM0V.4L8. 

B.\PTISMS.    . 

Jan.  1, 1859. 

1858.    1 

1858. 

1858.    a 

, 1    ? 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

6 

li 

c 

^ 

>j 

ja 

-    5 

>J 

Q 

S 

02 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

o 

S 

1 

I'l 

1 

< 
0 

"3 
-a 
< 

c 

2 

Aiidover, 

1749  .T.  11.  Freeman,  p. 

1856 

14    22    36      8 

5 

1 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

"~T 

Ashford, 

1718  Thomas  Dutton,  s.s. 

40 

62  102 

11 

0 

2 

2 

2 

8 

0 

10 

0 

0 

~ 

"     Westford, 

17i« 

Vacant. 

14 

36 

50 

17 

0 

0 

0| 

0 

5 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5 

Avon,  West, 

17.^,1 

.loseph  M.  Smith,  s.s. 

47 

69 

116 

9 

22 

1 

23' 

1 

0 

1 

5 

2 

J 

■'     East, 

ISIIJ 

10.  D.  Murphy,  p. 

1859 

52 

103 

155 

9 

,30 

5 

35, 

2 

4 

0 

6 

12 

61    = 

Barkhamsted, 

17S1 

Thomas  E.  Roberts,  s.s 

18 

37 

55 

2 

3 

2 

5 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

4,  < 

•'     Hitchcockville, 

1842 

Luther  H.  Barber,  p. 

1843 

20 

49 

69 

7 

13 

1 

14' 

1 

3[  0 

4 

c 

2 

Berlin.  Kensington, 

1712 

Vacant. 

33 

73 

106 

20    1 

2F 

3 

o|  0 

3 

12 

6 

'•    2d  cb. 

1775,  Robert  C.  Learned,  p. 

1858 

108 '214  322 

47 

2 

7 

9 

8 

221  1 

31 

2 

1 

Bethany, 

17t33|E.  W.  Robinson,  p. 

1855 

17 

28  i  45 

5 

3 

0 

3 

1 

0|  0 

1 

1 

0 

Bethel, 

17i)l)|  Newell  A.  Prince,  s.s. 

1859:;i22 

190  312 

18 

|60 

12 

72 

6 

8    0 

14 

23 

2 

Bethlem, 

1739  .\reras  G.  Loomis,  p. 

1850 

43 

921135 

16 

20 

0 

20 

3 

2    0 

6 

15 

7 

Bloouifleld, 

17-38       Vacant. 

30 

68    98 

4 

17 

1 

18 

1 

1    0 

2 

2 

Bolton, 

1725  Lavius  Hyde,  p. 

1849 

28 

62    90 

6 

1 

4 

5 

4 

3    0 

7 

2 

Bozrah,  New  Concord 

1739  Xathan  S.  Hunt,  s.s. 

31 

53    84 

17 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1    0 

1 

0 

0 

"     BozrahviUe, 

182S  (ieor^e  Cryer,  s.s. 

19 

28    47 

30 

0 

0 

0! 

0 

2    01    2 

0 

0 

"     Firchville, 

1854  ,lo,-eph  A.  Saxtou,  s  s 

14 

21i  35 

18 

0 

1 

1| 

0 

0 

01    0 

0 

0 

Branfurd,              ab't  l<i46  TimotUv  P.  Gillett,  p. 

1808 

80 

150  2-30 

14 

44 

7 

6I! 

4 

11 

0 

15 

17 

4 

Bridgeport,  Istch. 

169-j  .Matsou  M.  Smith,  p. 

1S59 

102 

217  319 

15 

681  8 

76; 

6 

17 

0 

23 

20 

8 

"    2d  ch. 

1830jAlex.  R.  Thompson,  S.S 

1858 

140  212 

23 

38!  2 

40, 

1 

12 

0 

13 

8 

4 

Bridgewater, 

18(I;J 

H.  H.  McFarland,  s  s. 

n 

45    56 

1 

I  01  0 

0: 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0 

Bristol, 

1747 

Leverett  Griggs,  p. 

1S.56 

172 

300  472 

30 

84  16  100 

6  18|  0 

24 

o'-i 

8 

Brookfleld, 

1757 

I'hos.  N.  Benedict,  s.s. 

1859 

34 

78  112 

14 

5 

4 

9 

6 

0    0 

12 

2 

4 

Brooklyn, 

1734 

Elward  C.  Miles,  s.s. 

78;i40j218 

52 

'39 

1 

40 

1 

0    0 

1 

28 

0 

Burlington, 

17S2  (ieorgtf  A.  Miller,  p. 

1859 

29    69,  98 

16 

0 

0 

Oj 

2 

2  0 

2 

0 

0 

Canaan , 

1741  Henry  Snyder,  s.s. 

33    65 

98 

0 

0 

0! 

0 

2I  0 

2 

"     i^ills  Village, 

17.58  Henry  A.  Rus-ell,  s  s. 

1858 

10 

17 

27 

1 

0 

0 

0, 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0 

Canterbury, 

1711  Chs.  P.  Grosveuor,  p. 

1859 

26 

59 

85 

14 

4 

2 

6' 

5 

2!  0 

7 

1 

2 

"     Westminster, 

1770  lieub.n  S.Hazen,  p. 

1849 

32 

71 

103 

15 

24 

4 

28^ 

3 

21  0 

5 

9 

0 

Canton,  Center, 

1750  Warren  C.  Fiske,  p. 

1858 

75 

137 

212 

6 

132 

2 

34! 

2 

3 

0 

5 

10 

4 

'•     CollinsviUe, 

1832  Charles  B.  McLean,  p. 

1844 

87 

147 

234 

40 

66 

13 

79, 

6 

2 

0 

8 

36 

9 

Chaplin, 

1810  Frani  is  Williams,  p. 

1858 

43 

84 

127 

14 

2 

1 

4' 

1 

4 

0 

5 

0 

0 

Chatham, — 

1 

j 

1 

Middle  Iladdam, 

1740  B.  B.  Ilopkinson,  s.s. 

27 

56    83 

1 

3 

4' 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

East  Hampton, 

1748 

Vacant. 

36    71;107 

1 

4    0 

4: 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

i 

Mid.  Uaddam,  2d, 

1855 

John  H.  Newton,  s.s. 

13    26l  39 

3    4 

7 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

5 

Cheshire, 

1724 

Vacant. 

113  189 '302 

7 

97i  7 

104i 

6 

12 

3 

21 

43 

10 

Chester, 

1742 

William  S.  Wright,  p. 

1859 

48 i  93' 141 

20 

17 

3 

20 

1 

8 

10 

19 

6 

2 

Clinton, 

\m~i 

James  D.  Moore,  p. 

1850 

76 1 139  215 

7 

43 

4 

47 

3 

3    0 

6 

25 

Colchester,  \<t  ch. 

1703| Lucius  Curtis,  p. 

1856 

91 1178  269 

32 

1  2 

5 

7 

6 

9    0 

15 

0 

7 

••     Westche.ster, 

1729  Andrew  C.  Denison,  s.s 

38    61 1  99 

21 

0,  0 

0 

1 

4    0 

5 

0 

2 

Colebrook, 

1795,  Archibald  Geikie,  s.s. 

'l845 

26    621  88 

14 

1  4!  0 

4' 

3 

3    0 

6 

Columbia, 

1720|Fred.  D.  Avery,  p. 

1850 

41  1021143 

4 

16    1 

17' 

0 

4    0 

4 

9 

5 

Cornwall, 

1740 .Stephen  Feun,  p. 

18,59 

37    84:121 

11 

10 

0 

10 

3 

3    0 

6 

4 

7 

•'     North, 

1782 'Charles  Wetherby,p. 

1859 

70  104  174 

22 

4 

0 

4 

6 

15    1 

22 

1 

4 

Coventry,  1st  ch. 

1712l.Joel  R.  Arnold,  p. 

1854 

29    67    96 

^ 

0 

5, 

5 

8    0 

13 

2 

0 

"     North, 

1745  Geo.  A.  Calhoun,  d.d.  p 

.1819 

46    86  132 

10 

12 

4 

16' 

6 

2    0 

8 

4 

2 

"     Tillage, 

1849JLouisE.  Cliarpiot,  p. 

1859 

19    45    64 

2 

2 

0 

2 

1 

3    0 

4 

7 

Cromwell, 

1715  James  A.  Clark,  p. 

1858 

72  122  194 

'44 

5 

49 

2 

7,  0 

9 

25 

4 

Danbury,  Ist  ch. 

11596,  Samuel  G.  Coe,  p. 

1850 

102  197 

299 

10 

29 

7 

36 

2 

11    0 

13 

6 

6 

"     2d  cli. 

18511  David  Peck,  p. 

1858 

47    48 

95 

0 

34 

7 

41 

1 

6!  0 

7 

20 

4 

'•     Millplaia, 

1851 

Sup.  by  Methodist  minister. 

7    25 

32 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

0 

Darieii, 

1744 

Vacant. 

52  1141160 

8 

3 

1 

4 

1 

5 

0 

6 

1 

1 

Derby.  1st  ch. 

lt;77 

Charles  C.  Tiffany,  p. 

1857 

63  108  171 

15 

47 

6 

53 

2 

2 

0 

4 

15 

16 

"     Birmingham, 

]s4tj 

Vacant. 

55,  97  154 

0 

2 

2 

9 

0 

9 

"     An.'onia, 

1S50 

Alvah  L.  Frisbie,  o.  e. 

49 [109  158 

12 

'2812 

40 

3 

7 

0 

10 

5 

8 

Durham,  1st  ch. 

1710' Abr.  C.  Baldwin,  p. 

1857 

57 

97  i  1.54 

13 

36 

11 

47, 

3 

8 

0 

11 

14 

••     Center, 

1847 

Ireno  W.  Smith,  p. 

18.58''  47 

77 

124 

38 

6 

44 

1 

6 

0 

7 

IS 

3 

Eastford, 

1778 

Charles  Chamberlain,  p 

.  1858 

31 

76 

107 

14 

7 

21 

2 

0 

0 

2 

7 

2 

East  Granby, 

1737 

Sidney  Bryant,  p. 

1855 

22 

53 

75 

11  15 

2 

17 

1 

1 

0 

2 

7 

3 

East  Haddam,  1st  ch. 

1714 

Silas  W.  liobbins,  p. 

1850 

89 

169 

258 

5 

7 

12 

3 

4    1 

8 

3 

"     Millington, 

nyti 

Aaron  C.  Beach,  p. 

1859 

23 

56 

79 

2    0 

0 

0, 

3 

2    0 

5 

0 

1 

"     Hadlyme, 

1745 

KliasB.  Hillard,  p. 

1855 

33 

67 

100 

8'   8 

3 

11 

2 

1    0 

31     5 

1 

East  Hartford, 

ii;95 

Sani'l  Spring,  D.D.,  p. 

1833 

95 

340:435 

30  47 

2 

49 

7 

5    0 

12  '  14 

5 

East  Haven, 

1711  0.  Wm.  Havens,  p. 

1847 

81 

159 

240 

4  27 

4 

31' 

4 

1    0 

5'j     5 

6 

"    Fair  Haven, 2d  c 

.  1852      Vacant. 

31 

59 

90 

16 

3 

19 

2 

4    0 

6 

5 

4 

"            "     Center  c 

.  1853  Vv'illiam  B.  Lee,  p. 

1853  !  30 

70 

100 

2  10 

1 

11 

1 

1    0 

2 

4 

4 

East  Lyme, 

1724  Joseph  Aver,  p. 

1857 

23 

43 

66 

4  10 

0 

10, 

3 

2    0 

5 

8 

3 

Easion, 

17*53  Martin  Dudley,  p. 

1851 

281  74 

102 

31  1 

0 

1; 

3 

2 

0 

5 

1 

0 

East  Windsor,  1st  eh. 

1752  Frederick  Munson,  p. 

1856 

68.133 

201 

16    7 

4 

n 

6 

4 

0 

10 

2 

6 

"     Broad  Brook  ch 

1851      Vacant. 

161  39,  55 

,10 

0 

lO 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

Ellington, 

17-50  Thos.  K.  Fessenden,  p. 

1855 

68 

113 1 181 

i33 

2 

35 

2 

4 

0 

6 

10 

5 

Jinfield,  Ist  ch. 

1683' A.  L.  Bloodgood,  p. 

1855 

65 

1211186 

7  20 

6 

26, 

2 

1    0 

3 

9 

4 

"     Nouh 

1855',  C.  A.  G.  Brigham,  p. 

1855 

41 

99  120 

l,i  8 

2 

l?i 

0 

1    0 

1 

0 

4 

Essex, 

18-52 1  James  A.  Gallup,  p. 

1854 

48 

S4;132 

14  35 

6 

4II 

1 

1    0 

2, 

16 

1 

Fairfield,  1st  ch. 

16.50!Alex.  McLeon,  p. 

1857 

48 

1301178 

13  1  9 

5 

14 

4 

3    0 

7 

1 

5 

"    Greenfield, 

172G 

Thomas  B.  Sturgis,  p. 

1842 

28 

80 

108 

1  6 

1 

7' 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

4 

116 


Statistics. —  Connecticut. 


[Jan. 


CBH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

cnoiiCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1, 1859. 

1858. 

1858. 

1858. 

3 
0 

'^          J 

^ 

^ 

«j 

a    A 

3 

J 

c 

0 

a 

Place  and  Name. 

Org 

Name. 

Com. 

" 

S      t 

1 

0   s 

-< 

H 

3    1 

0 

H 

"3 

n 

s 

■S    £ 

< 

£  3 

0 
H 

^  Hia 

H 

< 

a 

FairfieM,  Soutliporc, 

1843 

Va.;ant. 

36 

86  122    3    20    1 

21 

12    0 

3 

5      1 

"    Black  l!o.-k, 

1819 

Marinns  W'illett,  p. 

1858 

17 

40    571          1'  0 

1 

0        0:      0 

0 

1      1 

Farmingtoii, 

1652 

Mnah  Porter,  D.D.,  p. 

1806 

122 

200  322  25    39 i  5 

44 

9  12    0 

21 

13      6 

% 

"     PiainvillH, 

1840 

Moses  Smith,  p. 

1859 

88 

1631251  24 

42    1 

43 

8  10|  0 

18 

171     6 

"     Unionville, 

1841 

James  A.  Smith,  s.s. 

41 

66 -107  ill 

34    6 

40 

0    3    0 

3 

20 

2 

Q 

Franklin, 

1718 

.Jarea  II.  .\very,  p. 

1854 

51 

10311.54  20 

3    1 

4 

0    13 

4 

3 

1 

fe; 

Olastenburv,  1st  ch. 

1692 

A.  S.  Che.sebrough,  p. 

1858 

62 

143 

205  11 

20  15 

35 

5    8    1 

14 

10 

8 

"     East  cli. 

1727 

.\.iron  Snow,  p. 

1841 

54 

67 

121  20 

10    (p 

10 

1    2,  3 

6 

5 

1 

"     South  ch. 

1836 

■John  A.  Seymour,  p. 

1857 

37 i 116 i  153 

60 

18    1 

19 

1    2    01     3 

1 

Goshen, 

1740 

.Inel  F.  Bingham,  p. 

1859 

39 

86 

125 

14 

0!  3 

3 

6    0,  0!     6 

0 

2 

Granby,              abou 

1739 

\Vm.  H.  Gilbert,  p. 

1856 

22 

58 

80 

5 

12 

3 

15 

2    4'  0 

6 

4 

0 

Greenwich,  1st  ch. 

1670 

Willi  im  A.  Hyde,  s.s. 

32 

85 

117 

12 

4 

0 

4 

1    li  0 

2 

2 

4 

"     2a  ch. 

1705 

Joel  H.  Linsley,  D.D.,p 

.1847 

113 

216,329 

7 

64 

4 

68 

10  13    9 

32 

22 

20 

"     Stanwich  ch. 

1735 

Jenry  G.  Jesup,  p. 

1854 

33 

871120 

5 

7 

4 

11 

1    4 

2 

7 

2 

5 

"     North, 

1827 

Vacant. 

52 

8l!l33 

5 

2 

2 

4 

1    7 

4 

12 

0 

5 

Griswold,  1st  ch. 

1720 

Hennett  F   Northrop,  p 

.  1853 

39|  83^1:^2 

18 

lOi  5 

16 

1    1 

0 

2 

3 

1 

"     Jewett  City, 

1825 

Henry  T.  Cheever,  p. 

1856 

31 

52  i  83  18 

22    2 

24 

li  1    1 

3 

8 

3 

Gro'on, 

1705 

Sylvester  lline,  s.s. 

30 

6ll  91,   8 

3,  0 

3 

0 

3,  0 

3 

3 

3 

Guilford,  Istch. 

1639 

William  S.  Smith,  p. 

1859 

100 

153  263  18 

■^1  1 

8 

4 

7 

0 

11 

1 

5 

"     North,  2d  ch. 

1725 

Vacant. 

43 

60  103,  4 

23 1  0 

23 

2 

0 

0 

2 

10 

12 

"     3a  ch. 

1843 

GeiHge  I.  Wood,  p. 

1858 

70 

102  172;  9 

0 

1 

1 

3:11 

0 

14 

0 

2 

Iliddam,  1st  ch. 

1675 

James  L    Wright,  p. 

1855 

49 

92  141 1  7 

14 

5 

19 

1|  0 

0 

1 

4 

'■     nig;,'a.nuui, 

1844 

Charles  Nichols,  s.s. 

31 

851119    2 

15 

2 

17 

1    2 

0 

8 

4 

5 

Hamden,  -M'.  Oarmel 

,  1761 

D.  11.  Thayer,  p. 

1853 

37 

75)112 

4'  3 

7 

6    0 

0 

6 

2 

2 

"     East  Plain, 

1795 

.\ustin  Putnam,  p. 

1838 

48 

92  140  13 

12 

2 

14 

0,  2'  0 

2 

2 

3 

Hampton, 

1723 

George  Soule,  p. 

1855 

48 

136  184  26 

60 

7 

67 

11  0,  0 

1 

38 

8 

Hartford,  1st  ch. 

1636 

Joel  Hawes,  d.d.,  p. 

1818 

182 

404  586,48 

55 

12 

67 

413!  0 

17 

"    2a  ch. 

1669 

Vacant. 

139 

269  408 

63 

13 

76 

i  3    0 

3 

3i     9 

''     North  eh. 

1824 

George  N.  Webber,  p. 

1859 

158 

.341  499 

85 

22 

107 

9'21    0 

30 

29     9 

"    4th  ch. 

1832 

Nathaniel  J.  Burton,  p 

1857 

185 

365  550 

25 

20 

45 

3  31    0 

34 

11     2 

"    5th  ch. 

1833 

Vacant. 

13 

43    56 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0    0 

2 

0     2 

"     Pearl  St.  ch. 

1852 

Elias  K.  Beadle,  p. 

1852 

164 

200  364 1 

101 

53 

154 

4 

8    0 

12 

39 

16 

Hartland,  1st  oh. 

1768 

Vacant. 

18 

30 

48 

0 

2 

2 

1 

3    0 

4 

0 

0 

'•     West,  2d  ch. 

1780 

Charles  G.  Goddard,  p. 

1856 

17 

41 

58 

6 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0    0 

o; 

2 

2 

llarwintjn, 

1737 

John  A.  McKinstry,  p. 

1857 

125 

211 

336 

69 

4 

2 

6 

4 

10    0 

14 

2 

1 

Hebron, 

1717 

•Merrick  Knight,  p. 

1854 

45 

93 

138 

8 

2 

5 

7 

3 

21  0 

5! 

3 

"     Gilead,      about  1750 

Vacant. 

25 

61 

76'  7 

9 

0 

9 

3 

0 

0 

3' 

li     2 

Huntington, 

1724 

John  Blood,  s  s. 

1858 

36 

75 

ml  3 

7 

3 

10 

3 

3 

0 

6; 

2 

2 

Kent, 

1741 

Evarts  Scudder,  p. 

1859 

40 

92 

132  19 

29 

3 

32 

2 

0 

0 

2 

13 

5 

Kilhngly,  South  ch. 

1746 

Vacant. 

5i  14 

191  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0|  0 

01 

0 

0 

•'     \Vest, 

ISOl 

Thos.  T.  Waterman,  p. 

1858 

129 

246 

375! 

21 

24 

45 

4 

9|  0:  13 

"    Dayville, 

1849 

W.  Belden,  s.s. 

18 

45 

63  10 

5 

1 

6 

1 

6 

0 

7i 

5 

0 

Killingworth, 

173S 

llirain  Bell,  p. 

1850 

111 

199 

3101 

46 

0 

46, 

6 

7 

1 

14| 

16 

7 

Lebai  on,  1st  ch. 

17i«l 

Orlo  D.  Uiue,  p. 

1856 

3d 

88 

124!  6 

22 

2 

24I 

4 

1 

0 

5l 

11 

2 

"     Goshen, 

1729 

Vacant. 

36 

64  i  90  20 

1 

0 

1' 

3 

31  1 

7i 

0 

2 

"     Exeter, 

1773 

.John  Avery,  p. 

1848 

31 

61 

92118 

16 

2 

18 

0 

0    0 

"i 

10 

0 

Ledyard, 

1810 

Timothy  Tattle,  p. 

1811 

17 

61 

781  4 

6 

2 

8 

1 

1    0 

2I 

6 

2 

Lisbon,  1st  ch. 

1723 

David  Breed,  p. 

1857 

38 

47 

85  10 

5 

0 

5; 

2 

7    0 

9' 

1 

1 

"     Hanover. 

1766 

James  A.  Hazen,  p. 

1852 

3:^ 

62 

94  15 

11 

2 

13 

3 

3    0      6! 

6 

0 

Litchfield,  1st  ch. 

1722 

Leonard  W.  Bacon,  p. 

1856 

76 

189  265  12 

30 

1 

31 

4 

51  0 

9, 

7 

6 

"     Northfield, 

1795 

Jas.  Richards,  D.D.,  s.s. 

1859 

31 

56!  87 

10 

5 

2 

71 

1 

2!  0 

3 

2 

"     Milton, 

1798 

George  J.  Harrison,  s.s 

14 

•i9l  43 

3 

9 

3 

12 

1 

0    1 

2 

2 

3 

Lyme,  Hamburg, 

1727 

Enocn  F.  Burr,  p. 

1850 

31 

91  1^2 

12' 

33 

4 

37 

4 

1 

4 

'->! 

26 

5 

'•     Grassy  Hill, 

1757 

Alpha  Miller,  s.s. 

24 

31    52 

^\ 

9 

0 

9 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

Madi.-on,  1st  ch. 

1707 

Samuel  Fiske,  p. 

1857 

164 

209  273 

21 

.59 

4 

63 

12 

1 

1 

141 

20    19 

"     Nortli, 

1757 

Samuel  Howe,  s.s. 

35 

56    9i 

ZO 

8 

0 

8, 

1 

2 

0 

3 

5 

3 
5 

Manchester,  1st  ch. 

1779 

Vacant. 

72 

135  '.^07  23 

1 

9 

10 

1 

9 

0 

loi 

1 

»     2a  ch. 

1851 

Warren  G.  Jones,  s.s. 

45 

yy[l-i4  7 

1 

3 

4 

1 

11 

1 

13: 

10 

Mansfield,  South. 

1710 

Anson  S.  Atwcod,  p. 

1819 

45 

125  170  10 

40 

2 

42 

4 

3 

0 

7j 

11 

4 

"     North,  2a  ch. 

1744 

Vacint. 

22 

62    74    9 

8 

0 

8 

0 

3 

0 

3 

3 

1 

Marlborough, 

1849 

.\lpheus  J.  Pike,  p. 

1859 

18 

46    64    2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

Ij 

0 

0 

Meriien,  1st  ch. 

1729 

George  Thacher,  p. 

1854 

162 

294 

456 '50 

80 

40 

120 

2 

34 

2 

38 

28 

20 

"     Center, 

1848 

0.  U.  White,  s.s. 

60 

93 

153  24! 

9 

4 

13 

2 

12 

0 

14 

3 

1 

"     Hanover, 

1853 

Jacob  Eaton,  p. 

1857 

26 

45 

71 

7 

1 

10 

111 

1 

11 

0 

12! 

0 

1 

Middlebury, 

1796 

J.  S.  Judd,  p. 

1856 

49 

108 

157 

9 

7 

16 

3 

4    0 

7! 

5 

4 

Middletowii,  1st  ch. 

1651 

.leremiah  Taylor,  p. 

1856 

66 

236 

;io2 

13 

14 

27| 

7 

14    0 

21! 

2 

2 

"     South, 

1747 

.1.  S.  Dudley,  p. 

1854 

240 

14 

11 

25' 

4 

10    0 

14 

8 

4 

"     Fourth, 

1778 

Lent  S.  H^High,  p. 

1847 

68 

92 

160    3 

21 

3 

24 

5 

1 

0 

'•1 

11 

2 

"     Middh-field, 

1808 

S.  D.  Jewett,  s.s. 

14 

46 

60 

2 

8 

1 

9; 

0 

1 

0 

1! 

0      11 

Milford,  1st  ch. 

1639 

Jonathan  Brace,  D.D.,  p 

1845 

173 

374  647 

11 

9 

6 

14l 

10 

6 

2 

18, 

7 

"     Plymouth, 

1714 

W.  N>e  Harvey,  p. 

18581 

95  177 i 272 

12 

3 

3 

6, 

6 

13    0 

19, 

1 

11 

Monroe, 

1764 

Edw.  B.  Emerson,  s.s. 

1858 

30 

55 

85 

10; 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1  ol    2: 

2 

2 

Montville, 

1721 

Vacant. 

28 

59 

87 

4 

6,  0 

6' 

0 

4 

0 

3, 

3 

3 

''    Mohegan, 

1832 

John  W.  Salter,  s.s. 

9 

21 

30 

9 

Oj  0 

0' 

0 

0 

0 

0, 

0 

0 

Morris, 

1768 

David  L.  Parmelee,  p. 

1841 

49 

9S 

147 

8 

18 

4 

22, 

2 

0 

0 

2' 

;^ 

2 

Naugatuck, 

1781 

Charles  S.  Sherman,  p. 

1S49 ! 

59 

129 

18841' 

26 

4 

3f.); 

6 

6 

0 

12, 

12 

10 

New  Britain,  1st,  ch. 

1758 

Lavalette  Perrin,  p. 

185H 1 

117 

205 

322  19, 

55 

19 

74 

4 

8 

0 

I2I 

23    a 

"     vSouth, 

1842 

C.  L.  Goodell,  p. 

1859 

99  138 

2371 

12 

1 

13 

7 

12 

0 

If'i 

6     7 

New  Canaan, 

17;« 

Fred.  W.  Williams,  p. 

1854 

50  130 

180 ! 16 

6 

3 

9 

2 

7 

0 

a 

1      0 

New  Fairfield, 

1742 

Ezra  D.  Kinuey,  s.s. 

1859 1 

13 

60 

73 

3, 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

q1 

0 

Oj 

18C0.] 


Statistics. —  Connecticut. 


117 


Plare  and  Name.      Org. 


Name. 


Com. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

Jan.  1,1859. 


addit'ns 
1858. 

REMOVALS. 

1858. 

BAPTISMS 

1858. 

1  <-< 

3 

>4 

s 

1    i 
Q  '5 

s 

o 

a 
15 

o 
c 

New  ILirtford,  Istch. 

"  X.>rth, 

"  SoutU, 

Xi'W  Haven,  Istch. 

'■  Nnrtli. 

"  Vale  College, 

"  3J, 

'•  Teraple-st. 

"  Fair  Haven, 1st  c 

"  CoUege-st. 

"  Westville, 

"  Howe-fSt. 

"  Chapel-st. 

*  South, 

New  London,  1st  ch. 

"     '2d  ch. 
New  Milfurd, 
Newfown, 
Norfolk, 

North  Branford, 
'•     Norttiford, 
North  CriUaaii, 
North  Haven, 
North  Sioniugton, 
Norwalk.  1st  ch. 

"     South, 
Norwich,  Town, 
"    2d  ch 
''     Greenville, 
"     Jiroadway, 
Old  Lyme, 
Old  Saybrook, 
Orange,  West  Haven, 
Orange, 
Oxfor.l, 
Plainfield, 

"     Central  Vilbge, 
"     AVauregan, 
Plymouth,  l?*t  ch. 
''     I'lym.  Hollow, 
"     Terryville, 
Pomfret, 

"     Abington, 
Portland,  Ist 
''     Central, 
Preston,  1st 
Prospect, 
Putnam, 

"     East, 
Keading, 
Kidgtfield,  1st  ch. 

"     liiilgebury, 
Rocky  Hill, 
Roxbury, 
Salem, 
Salisbury, 
Saybrook,  Centerbr'k, 

''     Deep  River, 
Scotland, 
Seymour, 
Sharon. 

"    Ellsworth, 
Sherman, 

Simsbury, 
Somers, 
Southbury,  l-t  ch. 

'■     South  Britain, 
Southington, 
South  Windsor,  1st  c 

"     2d  eh. 

"    Theo.  Institute, 
StaEford,  East, 

"     West, 

"     Springs, 

"     Staffoidville, 
Scamford,  1st  ch. 

"    North, 

"    Long  Ridge, 


1738 
182S 
1848 
1G39 
1742 
17.53 
1826 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1838 
1838 
1852 

1650 
1835 


Vacant. 

F.  A  Spencer,  p. 
Edwin  Hall,  .Ir.,  p. 
Leonard  Bacon,  n.D.,  p. 
S.  W.  S.  Dutfou,  l).D.,  p. 
George  P.  Fisher,  p. 

E.  L.  Cleavel.ind,  D.D.  p. 
Hiram  Bingham,  s.s. 
Burdett  Hart,  p. 
Edward  Strong,  p. 
James  L.  Willard,  p. 

Vacant. 
W.  T.  Eustis,  Jr.,  p. 
Gurdon  AV.  Noyes,  p. 

(  Abel  McEwen,  b.d.,  p. 

I  Thomns  P.  Field,  p. 

G.  B.  Willcox,  p. 


1716  David  Murdock,  p. 
1715  William  H  Moore,  p. 
1760  Joseph  Eldridge,  D  D.,p. 
1724      Vacant. 
1750  Asa  C.  Pierce,  p. 
1769|Hiram  Kddv,  p, 
1718iB.  S.J.  P.ge,  ss. 
1727|Steplien  Hubhell,  p. 
16.52|williaTii  B.  Wee:l,  p. 
ll^SliiDavii  I!.  Austin,  p. 
1660[ Hiram  P.  Ames,  p. 
1760iAlvan  Bond,  D.D.,  p. 
18.33'; Robert  P.  Stanton,  p. 
lS42|.7ohn  P.  Gulliver,  p. 
16'J3  Davis  S.  Brainerd,  p. 


1646 
1719 
1805 
1745 
17U5 
1846 
1856 
1739 
1837 
1838 
1715 
1753 
1721 
1857 
1698 
1798 


Salman  McCall,  p. 

George  A.  Bryan,  p. 

A.  C.  Raymond,  p. 

Stephen  Topliff,  p. 

Wm.  A.  Benedict,  s.s. 

Geoi-ge  Hall,  p. 
Vacant. 

E.  J.  Hawes,  p. 

James  Avi^vill,  p. 

.lohn  Jlonteith,  Jr.  p. 

Daniel  Hunt,  p. 

flenry  B.  Smith,  p. 

Hervey  Talcort,  p 

S.  G.  W.  Rankin,  p.e. 

Elijiih  W  Tucker,  s.s. 

Asa  M.  Train,  s.s. 
1848  George  J.  Tillotson,  s.s. 
17151     Vacant. 
1732|     Vacant. 
1712  Clinton  Clark,  p. 
1768!     Vacant. 
1727      Vacant. 
1744]  Austin  Isham,  p. 
17931  Nathaniel  Miner,  s  s. 
1744  Adam  Reid,  D.n.,  p. 
1725  John  G.  Baird,  p. 
1834  Henry  Wickes,  p 


1846 
1842 
1855 

1848 
1858 
1806 
1856 
1859 
1850 
1856 
1832 

18.53 
1856 

1853 
1855 
18.53 
1336 
18.35 
1856 
1846 
1841 
1853 
1858 
1856 
1841 

1859 

1858 

1852 

1858 

18-35 

18; 

1816 

1851 


85  175  260143 
851159,255  40 

170  30414741  8 
171  7l|  88|  9 

127  173  300  45 


851130 

75  120 

104  168 

177  322 

74  120 

203  311 

133  200 1 14' 

195  2561 17 

100  226  326,25 

67^61  228 1 19 


801191  271 


126  183 
168 

95 

97 

66 

53 


1735 
1817 
1740 
1802 
1751 

1682 

1727 

1733 

1769 

1728 

1 

183(1 

1835 

1723 

1764 

1850 

1853 

1641 

1782 

1842 


Thomas  Tallman,  p. 

Vacant. 
D.  D.  T.  McLaughlin,  p 
Robert  D.  Gardner,  p 
Francis  Williams,  s.s. 

(  Allen  McLean,  p. 

(  Oliver  S.  Taylor,  p. 
George  A.  Oviatt,  p. 

Vacant. 
Amos  E.  Lawrence,  p. 
Elislia  C.  Jones,  p. 
.ludson  B.  Stoddard,  p. 
William  Wright,  p. 
Professors  in  Theo.  InsI 
Joseph  Knight,  p. 
Fred.  W.  Chapman,  f.s. 
Alexis  W.  Ide,  p. 

Vacant. 
Joseph  Anderson,  p.e. 

Vacant. 
Ezra  D.  Kinney,  .s.s. 


1860 


1839 

1837 
18,59 
1858 
1844 

1859 
1858 

1809 
18.59 
1855 

1851 
1857 
1856 
1854 

'l855 

1859 


269 
155 
153 
102 
79,25 
■3  104 
9j  14  2 
113 1174 '26 
67  106:173  17 
91  118  209  40 
53  1031156  13 
92  126 


01  0 
16  3 

5  5 
63,23 
61  6 
78  33 
68  24 


81 
100 

95 
102 
91  1.31  11 
103  25 


83  121 
1.54  232 


33 

158 
'5  122 


49 


.52 
210 
197 

76 

151  212120 
78,1.36127 

1161194118 
771105115 
74  100:26 
89,125,16 
39  66  5 
74  122 1 15 


159 


28  52 
461  97 
172  358 
90 
81 
23 


32 
32 
13 

62  165 

33  95 

4|  11 


2.3-1 
272 
80 
143  32 

530 


40  10 
40 


35 
21 

88 

201  4 
15  " 
25 


158  151 
I  15|  4! 


4 

2 

0 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1! 

0 

8 

0 

81 

7 

8 

0 

15' 

6 

11 

0 

17| 

5 

20 

0 

25 

0 

0 

0 

0 

118 


Siatistics. —  ConnecUcnt. 


[Jan. 


Place  and  Name.       Org. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

ADDIT 

'NS.j 

REMOVALS.    1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

MINISTERS. 

Jan.  1,1859. 

1858.     1 

1858 

1858.     S 
. 1    2 

■2 

nS 

c 

t; 

J 

J3 

1 

,-) 

B 

03 

Name. 

Com.  1  ^     a 
11  s    ^ 

< 
H 
O 
H 

1 
< 

£ 

J 

1 

3 
(5 

3 

< 
0 

< 

C 

< 

Nehemiah  B.  Cook,  p. 

1888; 

301  70 i 100 

18 

Tf 

0 

11 

3 

3 

0 

61     8 

0 

William  Clift,  p. 

1844- 

42 

158 

200 

16 

34 

3 

37' 

2 

12 

0 

14'    15 

2    ~ 

Walter  R.  Long,  p. 

1853 

36 

72 

108 

12 

9 

3 

12 

1 

4 

0 

5!     3 

'^'    t 

Benjiiiiiin  L.  .Sw:in,  p. 

1858 

69 

190 

259 

18 

35 

2 

37 

4 

5 

0 

9;    17 

18,  !• 

.John  It.  Miller,  p. 

185-3 

79 

183 

262 

27 

55 

10 

65 

1 

6 

0 

7    39 

2    .= 

Henry  Cooley,  s.s. 

30 

50 

80 

22 

2 

24 

0 

1 

1 

2    17 

0 

<; 

Andrew  Dunning,  p. 

1850 

78 

188 

262 

90 

29 

3 

32 

3 

4 

0 

71    16 

1 

Abrain  Marsh,  p. 

1831, 

40 

72 

112 

28 

1 

29 

2 

2 

0 

4'    10 

4 

Va'-ant. 

20 

32;  52 

3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2'     0 

0 

Charles  Newman, 

18.58 

6 

99  160 

28 

29 

6 

35 

2 

1 

0 

3    11 

6 

R.  M.  Chipman,  s.s. 

18:-,9 

35 

103  138 

27 

20 

0 

20 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Benjamin  Swallow,  s.s, 

18.58 

51 

66,117 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Samuel  .7.  Curtis,  p. 

1843 

13 

3i[  49 

5 

5 

0 

5 

1 

1 

0 

2 

5 

, 

Mark  Tucker,  d.d..  p. 

1857 

62 

15621S 

26 

27 

6 

33 

3 

12 

0 

15 

n 

1 

Smith  B.  Goddenow,  p. 

1859 

56 

131 1  87 

67 

4 

5 

9 

4 

18 

1 

23 

0 

3 

Charles  W.  Clapp,  p. 

1857 

80 

138  218 

51 

31 

11 

42 

1 

19 

0 

20 

20 

4 

Charles  L.  Ayer,  p. 

1859 

22 

42 1  64 

14 

0 

2 

2 

3 

2 

0 

5 

0 

2 

Edwin  R.  Gilbert,  p. 

1832 

75 

16.5 !  240 

12  34 

6 

40 

7 

7 

2 

16 

9 

Vacant. 

50 

761126 

23' 1  0 

1 

1 

3 

6 

0 

9 

Ephraiui  Lyman,  p. 

1852 '107 

1301237 

147 

2 

49 

2 

2 

0 

4! 

17 

9 

J.  H.  Strong,  p. 

1857:!  35 

69; 104 

11 

25 

7 

32 

1 

5 

0 

6 

12 

3 

W.  U.  Whitteninre,  s.s. 

18 

32    .50 

8 

;  4 

I 

6 

1 

2 

0 

3 

1 

George  Bu.shnell,  p. 

1858 

1.32  [288 '420 

36 

35 

8 

43 

5 

19 

0 

24 

S.  W.  Wagill,  p. 

1852 

73 11061179 

17 

36 

28 

64 

1  15 

0 

16 

19 

9 

George  P.  Prudden,  s.s 

86,1621248 

40 

39 

12 

51 

3  10 

0 

13 

20 

2 

Sephen  A.  Loper,  s.s. 

1858 

88 

122 

210 

17 

1  '^ 

2 

8 

2 

2 

0 

4' 

0 

5 

Myron  N.  Morris,  p. 

1852 

91 

158 

249 

16 

'55 

4 

59 

6 

5 

0 

11 

21 

4 

Zalmon  B.  Burr,  s.s. 

13 

51 

64 

6 

8 

1 

9| 

1 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

Vacant. 

53 

77 

130 

0 

4 

4 

2 

3 

0 

5 

0 

1 

Timothy  Atkinson,  p. 

1856 

27 

98 

125 

4 

19 

2 

21' 

1 

2 

0 

8 

5 

9 

\\.  S.  Colton,  p. 

1856 

95 

210  305 

8 

8 

9 

20 

1 

30 

4 

13 

(  Joab  Brace,  D.D.,  p. 

1805' 

1 

(  \Vm.  P.  Aiken,  p. 

1857 

60 

111 

171 

30 

8 

4 

12' 

2 

5 

0 

7| 

2 

9 

(Jharles  Bentley,  p. 

1858 

38 

73 

111 

22 

7 

29 

0 

4 

0 

4 

10 

2 

S.  R.  Dimock,  p. 

1859 

80 

152 

232 

12 

31 

6 

37! 

3 

5 

0 

8! 

16 

2 

Ira  Pettibone,  p. 

1857 

37 

57 

94 

4 

13 

3 

16 

1 

1 

0 

2: 

6 

0 

Vacant. 

1 

54 

78 

132 

8 

46 

7 

53 

2 

7 

0 

^\ 

2,5 

3 

" 

i 

26 

54 

80 

5 

50 

5 

55 

0 

5 

0 

5' 

5 

1 

George  J.  Stearns,  p. 

1852' 

311   78 

109 

24 

14 

1 

15 

2 

2 

0 

41 

8 

0 

Samuel  G.  Willard,  p. 

1849 

34|118 

152 

22 

zb 

5 

30 

1 

5 

3 

9 

13 

3 

Theodore  A.  Leete,  p. 

1845 

39    92 

131 

10 

34 

2 

36 

2 

2 

0 

4' 

22 

4 

Ogden  Hall,  s.s. 

18 

44 

62 

14 

0 

14 

0 

4 

0 

4 

12 

0 

Samuel  H.  Allen,  p. 

1846 

26 

•34 

90 

9 

43 

1 

44 

2 

4 

0 

6 

30 

15 

Alexander  D.  Stowell,  p 

.1853: 

54 

1.52 

206 

12 

60 

1 

61 

5 

0 

0 

5 

35 

Vacant. 

59 

125 

184 

21 

10 

1 

11 

5 

4 

1 

10 

4 

1 

.John  Churchill,  p. 

1840; 

78 

1.35 

213 

10 

26 

3 

29 

4 

3 

0 

7 

9 

5 

Lemuel  Grosvenor,  s.s. 

55 

79 1 132 

18 

4 

22 

5 

3 

0 

8 

8 

7 

Joseph  W.  Sessions,  p. 

1854 

47 

57,104 

4 

31 

2 

33 

1 

0 

0 

1 

17 

0 

Edward  U.  Pratt,  s.s. 

71 

111  1 182 

35 

28 

1 

29 

4 

4 

0 

8, 

14 

5 

Eliakim  Phelps,  d.d.,  s 

s. 

77 

111! 188 

33 

61 

6 

57| 

1 

1 

0 

2 

15 

5 

Stephen  Rogers,  p. 

1859 

35 

59!  94 

7137 

0 

37! 

1 

3 

0 

4 

13 

0 

Stonington,  1st  ch. 

"    2dch. 

"     Mystic  Bridge, 
Stratford, 
Suffield,  1st  ch. 

"     West, 
Thompson, 
Tolland, 
Torrington, 

"     Torringford, 

"    Wolcottville, 
Trumbull, 
Union, 
Vernon, 

"    Rockville,  Istch. 

"     "    2dch. 
Voluntown  &  Sterling, 
Wallingford, 
Warren, 
Washington,  1st  ch. 

"     New  Preston, 

"     "     "     Hill, 
Waterbury,  1st.  ch. 

"    2d  ch. 
Watertown, 
Westbrook, 
West  Hartford, 
Weston, 
Westport,  Green's 

Farms, 
Westport, 
Weathersfield,  1st  ch. 

"     Newington, 
Willington, 
Wilton, 
Winchester.  1st  ch. 

"     Winsted,  1st  ch. 

"     "    2dch. 
Windham, 

"     Willimantic, 
Wind.sor,  1st  ch. 

"     Poquounock, 
Windsor  Locks, 
Woodbridge, 
Woodbury  1st  ch. 

"     North, 
Woodstock,  South, 

"  West, 

"  East, 

"  North, 
Wolcott, 


17641 

1833 

18.52 

164(1 

1698 

1744 

1780 

1717 

1741 

1759 

1832 

1780 

1738 

1762 

182' 

1849 

1779 

1675 

1756 

1742 

1757 

1757 

1689 

18.52 

1738 

1726 

1713 

1757 

1715 
1832 
ltJ41 

1722 

1728 
1720 
1771 

1790 
1854 
17 

182S 
16.30 
1841 
1844 
1742  i 
1670' 

1816 1.: 

1690 
1747 

17561 
1881 
1773: 


Summary.— Churches,  284  ;  Ministers,  244  ;  Church  members,— 15,147  Males,  30  068  Females  ;  Total.  45,838, 
including  3,675  absentees.  Additions  in  1858,  5,914  by  profession,  1,263  by  letter ;  Total,  7.177.  Re- 
movals in  1858,-728  bv  death,  1,378  by  dismissal,  93  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  2,199.  Baptisms,— 
Adult,  2,300,  Infant,  1,016. 

Note. — Tlie  Statistical  Secretary  of  the  General  Association  of  Connecticut  wishes  us  to  state,  that  in 
the  table  of  churches  in  Fairfield  West  Association,  as  given  in  the  Minutes  of  t!ie  General  Association  for 
1859,  p.  47,  he  accidentally  misplaced  the  statistics  of  membership  of  the  (Jhurch  in  Greenfield,  and  of  the 
Church  at  Green's  Farms,  and  of  all  the  churches  between  the.se  two  in  that  table  ;  and  that  the  mistake,  in 
each  case,  has  been  corrected  in  the  statistics  as  here  published. 

Other  Ministers.— Charles  S.  Adams,  Westford  ;  Samuel  ,T.  Andrews,  Hartford  ;  Edward  E.  Atwatcr,  New 
Haven;  .lason  Atwater,  teacher.  West  Haven;  Frederick  H.  Ayres,  Long  Ridge  ;  William  T.  Bacon,  Wood- 
bury; William  E.  Bassett,  Norfolk;  Bron.son  B.  Beardsley,  Bridgeport;  Hubbard  Beebe,  New  Haven  :  Wil- 
liam W.  Birchard,  Broad  Brook  ;  Isaac  Bird,  teacher,  Hartford  ;  S.  B.  S.  Bissell,  Norwalk ;  Pliineas  Blake- 
man,  New  Haven  ;  T.  S.  Bradley,  teacher.  South  Norwalk  ;  George  Bushnell,  Hartford  ;  Albert  H.  Camp, 
Bristol ;  Henry  Clark,  teacher,  Avon  ;  Noah  Coe,  New  Haven  ;  Augustus  B.  Collins,  South  Norwalk  ;  Henry 
M.  Colton,  teacher,  Middletown  ;  David  C.  Comstock,  teacher,  Stamford  ;  C.  D.  Cowles,  Farmington  ;  Orsone 
Cowles,  Dis.  Sec.  A.  B.  C.  F.  M..  North  Haven  ;  Jonathan  Curtis,  South  Woodstock  ;  Thomas  F.  Davi.-is, 
Westport;  Hiram  Day,  Manchester  ;  Jeremiah  Day,  D.D. ,  New  Haven  ;  Edgar  J.  Dooliitlo,  Chester;  Trvon 
Edwards,  D.D..  New  London  ;  Eleazar  T.  Fitch,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Yale  Theol.  Sem'y,  New  Haven  ;  S.  B  Forbes, 
Manchester ;  Charles  A.  Goodrich,  Hartford ;  Chauncey  Goodrich,  New  Haven  ;  Chauncey  A.  Goodrich,  D.D., 
Prof,  in  Yale  Theol.  Sem'y,  New  Haven  ;    John  Greenwood,  Bethel  ;   Frederick  Gridley,  Newington  ;    Levi 

Griswold,  Clinton  ;  Sylvanus  H.aight,  South  Norwalk  ;   E.  Edwin  ILall, ;    David   II.  Hamilton,  (now 

in  Germany);  W.  Nye  Harvey,  Milford  ;  Daniel  Ilemcnwav,  to;icher,  SufHeld ;  Horace  Hooker,  Sec.  Conn. 
Miss.  Soc'y,  Hartford  ;  Jo.seph  B.  Hull,  teacher,  Hartford  ;  Elijah  B.  Huntington,  Stamford ;  Enoch  S.  Hun- 
tington, Stamford  ;  Joseph  Uurlbut,  New  London  ;  Charles  Hyde,  Ellington  ;  Stephen  Johnson,  Jewett  City  ; 


I860.] 


Statistics. — Xeiv  York. 


119 


Henry  Jones,  teacher,  Briilgcport ;  Chilo  Judson,  Rocky  Hill ;  John  R.  Keep,  teacher,  Hartford ;  Edward  A. 
Lawrence,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Theol.  Sem.,  East  Windsor  Hill ;  Jona.  Lee,  Salisbury  ;  Ammi  Linsley,  North  Haven  ; 
A.  R.  Livermore,  North  Mansfield  ;  Frederick  Marsh,  Winchester  Center  ;  Darius  Mead,  New  Haven  ;  John 
C.  Nichols,  teacher,  Lyme  ;  James  Noyes,  teacher,  Haddam  ;  David  L.  Ogden,  New  Haven  ;  Isaac  Parsons, 
East  Haddam  ;  John  Orcutt,  Agent  of  Colonization  Society,  Hartford  ;  Dennis  Piatt,  South  Norwulk  ;  Noah 
Porter,  Jr.,  D.D.,  Prof,  in  Yale  College,  New  H.aven  ;  Charles  T.  Prentice,  teacher,  Easton  ;  Henry  Robinson, 
Guilford:  Samuel  Rockwell,  New  Britnrin  ;  L.  B,  Rockwood,  Dis.  Sec.  American  Tract  Soc.  (X,  Y.,)  Rocky 
Hill ;  David  Root,  New  Haven  ;  Erastus  Scranton,  Burlington  ;  Thomas  L.  Shipman,  Jewett  City  ;  David 
Smith,  D.D.,  Durham  Center ;  James  A.  Smith,  Dnionville  ;  Lyman  Strong,  Colchester  ;  'William  Thompson, 
D.D.,  Prof,  in  Thcol.  Sem'v,  East  Windsor  Hill  ;  W.  W.  Turner,  D.D.,  Pres.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asvlum,  Hart- 
ford ;   Herman  L.  Vaill,  Litchfield  ;    Robert  G.  Vemiilye,  D.D  ,  Prof,  in  Theol.  Sem'y,  East  Windsor  Hill :  A. 

C.  Washburn,  Berlin;   Roswell  Whitmore,  West  Killingly  ;   Jared  B.  Waterbury,  D.D., ;  AVilliam 

H.  Whittemore,  New  Haven  ;  Joseph  Whittlesey,  teacher,  Berlin  ;  William  Whittlesey,  New  Britain  ;  Robert 
Q.  Williams,  Woodbury  ;  James  W.  Woodward,  Columbia ;  Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  D,D,,  Pres.  Yale  Cellege, 
New  Haven.— 88. 

NEW    YORK. 


Place  and  Name. 


Org 


Name. 


Com 


CHH.  MEMBERS.     ABDIT': 

May  1,  1859.       1858-9 


BAPTISMS. 

1858-9.   I 


Albany, 

Alleghany  Mission, 
Ashville. 
Baiting  Hollow, 
Bangor, 
Barryville, 
Belfast, 
Bellport, 
Bergen, 
Binghampton. 
Bloomfield,  West, 
Bridgewater, 
Brighton, 
Bristol. 
Brooklyn. — 
Ch.  of  the  Pilgrims,  1844 


18521  Ray  Palmer,  D.D. ,  p.  1850 

J.  Potter,  1847 

1820  EphraimTaylor,  s.s,  1858 

1791  j  Christopher  Young,  s.s,  1851 

1S26IA.  B.  Dilley,  s.s.  18.53 

1836jFehx  Kyte,  1833 

1854      Vacant.  Knrejiort. 

183G'John  Gibbs,  s.s.  1853 

1807  Jeremiah  Butler,  s.s.  1858 

J.  D.  Mitchell,  1858 

P.  F.  Sanborne,  1857 

Wm.  B.  Tompkins,  s.s.  1857 

John  Wickes,  s.s.  1856 

A.  Spencer,  1858 


202  288|     8|  6  14 


47  5 

57  5 
62] 

43;  12 


18.36 
1799 
1798 
1817 
1799 


Plymouth  ch 

Clinton  Av.  ch. 

Bedford, 

So.  Cong'l, 

New  England, 

Elm  Place, 

Central  Cong'l, 

Warren  St.  Mission,  18,54 

St.  Paurs,  1857 

Williamsburg,  1st,  1843 
Burrville,  1834 

Cambria,  1818 

Canaan, Four  Corners,  1783 
1799 


1847 
1847 
1849 
1851 
18.51 
1853 
18.54 


Canandaigua, 

Candor, 

Carthage,  West, 

Center  Lisle,  1831 

Champion,  1805 

Chippewa  Street,  18.52 

Churchville,  1852 

Clinton,  1791 

Clymer,  1847 

Collins,  1817 

Columbus. (i\''o  report.)  1806 

Comae, 

Crown  Point,  1st  ch 

"  2d    " 

Deer  River, 
DePeysfer, 
East  Pitcairn, 
Eaton  Village, 
Elisabethtown, 
Elmira, 
Evans,  1st  eh. 

"     North, 

"     Center, 
Farmingville, 
Fireplace  Neck, 
Flushing. 
Fowlerville, 
Franklin,  1st  ch. 
Frewsburg. 
Friendship, 
Gaines, 
Gainesville, 


Rich'd  S.  Storrs,  D.D.,  p.  1846 
H.  W.  Beecher,  p.  No  report. 
W.  I.  Buddington,  d.d.,  p.  '55 
Benjamin  J.  Relyea,  p.  1857 
K.  W  Clark,  p.  1857 

W.  R.  Tompkins,  1856 

W.  C.  Bartlett,  p.e.  Norejjort 
J.  Clement  French,  p.  1857 
Samuel  Bayliss,  1853 

George  W.  Levere,  1857 

Simeon  S.  Jocelyn,  p.  1844 
George  M.  Jenks,  1856 

D.  D.  Hamilton,  1859 

A.  V  H.  Powell,  s.s.        18.59 
Ohver  E.  Daggett,  d  d.  p. 1845 
1808iWm.  H.  Hayward,  s.s.    18.56 
18.35  George  M.  Jenks,  s.s.     1867 


8amuel  Johnson,  s.s.  1859 
Warren  W.  Warner, s.s.  1859 
Samuel  Young,  1852 

Thomas  Lighthody,  s  8.   1858 

.-  jggg 


E.  Y.  Swift,  p. 
Aacant. 


185( 


John  McLeash, 
18571     Vacant. 

1804  .Tohn  Bradshaw,  1853 

1846|ricero  C.  Stevens,  p.  1845 

1.826 jliufus  A.  Whtelock,s.s.  1856 

1828  Goram  Cross.  18.56 

1844| Roberts.  Armstrong,  1854 

1831  Edward  J.  Giddings,  18.57 

1821  j  Charles  Redfield,  1858 

1846|Thos.K.  Beecher,  s.s.  1854 

1818|S.  D.Taylor,  1859 

18.34  Theodore  Stone,  s.s.  1859 

18.3518.  D.  Taylor,  1857 

1858  John  A.  Woodhull,  1858 

1848|Nath"l  Hawkins,  s.s.  1848 
No  report. 

1826  J.  C.  Moses,  1858 

1798|Sylvanus  P.  Marvin,  p.  1856 

18.56  Ephraim  Taylor,  1858 

18.33|h.  N.  Hubbard,  1857 

1847|Archibald  A.  Shafer,  1847 
I  J. Cunningham  p.  No  report. 


193.311  504 

98  144  242 

17|  25    42 

104  153  257 

47    70  117 


52 
58 
38 
15 
24 
83  145 

144  258  402 


110 

60 

80 

78 

45 

86 

74  177  251 

4      6,  10 

6i  14 


13    32 
35    51 


33|  44 


55 


141  21 
82  137] 


13l  18^  31|  7 
66  126  192,  10 
49  1021151 


112!  13 
95 
95 
69 


19 


Oil 
31  9  40 
:i3  10 

2 

0 

1 

1 


3  28  101 

9| 


29  50 

8'  1 

23  23 

8:31  26 


6  !24  13 


18    0 
2 


13 
0 
2 
2 
0 
6 
1 

16 

0 

4'    0 

0 


77    17 


181  3101  12 


15 

5 
4 
2 
4 
1 
6 

41  20 
0  0 
0     0, 


21 

5 

3 

6 

II  2 
20  22 

Ol  0 

1    1 

1  1 
15  14 

1    0 


18 
3  0 
0  5 
3    0 

I 
11  1 


Oi  0    0 
3    7,11 

01  7    0 


3  25 


316 
1 
6 

1:15 


2  5 

1  1 

0  0 

1  4 


010 
0  0 
0    0 


0    0 


3 

22' I  0 

5] 

3 

6! 

3 
42 

0 

2 

2 
29 

1 

1 

70 
2 
12 

2 


0    2 

51  4 
0  0 
l|  0 
21  4 


120    0 


Ol  0 

1 

2 

5 

0 

1 


16  260 
40 
1 
0 

40 

0  40 

1  152 
3  150 

ll  80 
0  50 
3  90 
0    50 


14    18.200 

I       i450 

16 !  11  249 

3  100 

17 1 367 

13:225 


15  140 
7  280 


12 


150 

160 

0 

75 


100 
30 
64 
60 
45 
40 


25 

70 

45 

1  155 


55 
15 
60 
30 
250 
40 

68 

0 

20 

60 
200 

55 
50 


120 


Statistics. — Neiv  York. 


[Jan. 


1  CHH.  MEMBERS. 

adbit'ss. 

BEMOTALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHITBCHE8. 

1   May  1,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  3 

«-—  1   ^ 

MUriSTERS. 

i  '— 

i     . 

i 

ij 

JS 

g 

■i 

^ 

a 

0 

OQ 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name.           Com. 

1  -S 
1 

1'    -'1 

1     fa         r-  .     ■< 

s«    a: 

0 

0 

E 

a 

c 

0 

1 

1  ■< 

1 

a 

a 

Georgetown, 

1810; 

10|     7 

17j     2;|  0 

0 

0;i  1 

0|  0|    1      c 

01    0 

Glovers  ville, 

lSo2 

iHomerN.  Dunning,  p.    1852 

821149 

231 !  18,|24 

3 

27 

2 

lill    14  [     8 

9|270 

Greenport, 

1853 

1  James  E.  Carter,  s.s.       1859 

6|  15 

21 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

2 

C 

2,  e 

1 

27 

Hamilton, 

Merritt  S.  Pratt,'  s.8.        1856 

96 

2 

2 

a 

5 

1 

3 

0 

4 

0 

2 

50 

Harpersfield, 

1796 

C.  S.  Marvin,                   1857 

2C 

40 

60 

0 

9 

1 

10 

2 

4 

3 

9 

0 

0 

80 

Henrietta, 

iVb  report. 

Herman. 

1828 

William  Greaves,              1857 

ii 

70 

113 

0 

21 

2 

23 

0 

0 

0 

01  20 

0 

30 

Henvelton, 

1842  Lucian  W.  Chaney,          1852 

2S 

62 

85 

23 

6 

2 

8 

1 

1 

1 

3!    2 

3|100 

Holland, 

1852,  Charles  Crocker,              1857 

c 

7;  16 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1:   0 

0 

Hopkinton, 

1808|Enos  Wood,  p.                  1845 

27 

42 

69 

16 

0 

2 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1    30 

Jamestown, 

1816  Thomas  H  Rouse,  p.       1856 

7C 

,  95 

165 

21 

19 

9 

28 

1 

4 

0 

6 

4 

1    80 

Kianrone, 

1815  Wm.  T.  Reynold.0,  s.s.     1866 

;  2€ 

i  44 

70 

5 

17 

0 

17 

0 

1 

2 

3 

9 

0    75 

Kirkland, 

40 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0     0 

Lawrenceville, 

1826  George  B.  Rowley,  s  s.     1855 

3C 

i  56 

86 

0 

49 

6 

55 

1 

1 

0 

2 

40 

3100 

Lewis, 

0.  Hudson,  s.s.                 1857 

21 

64 

851  13 

5 

2 

7 

2 

1 

3      1 

100 

Linklaen, 

1827  Orville  Ketchum.             18-57 

la 

1  35 

48 

0 

2 

6 

7 

0 

15 

0 

15      2 

0 

40 

Lisbon. 

1842 

Morgan  L.  Eastman,        1847 

'  65 

'  '87  152 

2 

12 

0 

1  12 

3 

0;  0;    3i    7 

0 

30 

Liitle  Valley, 

1840 

Chalon  Burgess,  s.s.        18-50 

17 

i  S3    50 

8 

9 

4 

13 

1 

1!  ol    2i    3 

4 

45 

Lockport. 

18.38 

Joseph  L.  Bennett,  p.      1858 

j 

256 

8 

7 

15 

2 

3 

5 

3 

6 

215 

Lumbeiland, 

1799 

Felix  Kvte.  p.                   18-32 

1  43 

1  61  104 

19 

5 

1 

6 

2 

2 

3 

3 

30 

!Madi?on, 

1796 

Derwin  W.  Sharts,  s.s.     1859 

:  37 

1  70  107 

0 

0 

0|    0 

2 

3 

0     5 

0 

0 

60 

Madrid, 

1807 

Rufus  Pratt,                     1857 

54 

'  87,141 

5 

40 

2   42!l  3:14 

ol  171   19 

1 

117 

Mannsville, 

1833 

A.  Parmelee,                     18-56 

30 

'  56 

86 

8 

li     9 

2    1 

Ol    3 

3 

2 

40 

Marshall, 

1798 

Havhurst,             1858 

18 

47 

65 

19 

0 

0      0 

0   0 

0 

1    0 

0 

0 

0 

Massena,  1st  ch. 

1819  J.  R.  Hale,  ss.     '              18-58 

21 

32 

53 

4 

6    Ol    6 

0|  1 

0 

]     1 

4 

0,  50 

••     2d  ch. 

1834 

"    "                               1858 

;  14 

25 

39 

0 

0 

Ol    0 

'  ol  0;  0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

McComb. 

ia57 

Goram  Cross,  s.s.             1856 

1  10 

8 

18 

0 

3 

51    8 

0 

4    0 

4 

0 

0 

37 

Middlecown,  Del.  Co 

1785 

Daniel  Lanrasfer,  p.        1855 

'  43 

77 

120 

8 

7I  15 

2 

2    3 

7 

5 

50 

MoraTia, 

1S06 

Philander  Bates,              1868 

27 

611  88    21 

0 

5     5 

2 

3 

5 

0 

0 

40 

Moriah. 

1808 

C.  Ransom,  p.                   1841 

1  66 

93,159 

12  12 

3    15    1 

2 

3 

3 

2 

140 

Morrisania, 

1852 

125 

85; 110 

18  20 

6   26 

1 

4 

5, 

4 

8 

150 

Morrisville, 

1805 

Wm.  B.  Hammond,  s.s.  1856 

,  32 

92 

124 

9  4ll  6'  47 

2 

3   0 

5;,  28 

5 

75 

Mt.  Hope. 

Azel  D.  wns,                       1851 

' 

86 

4:13     4 

4 

1 

5.; 

1 

67 

Mt.  Sinai,' 

1789 

Thomas  Harris.       '        1847 

43 

,101 

14i 

|;  5  1    6 

1 

3   0 

4,,    4 

3  150 

Munnsviile, 

1820 

Pindar  Field,  s.s.              1857 

17 

1  28 

45 

O;  8  13    21 

1    2 

0 

3 

6 

3    50 

Ji'ew  Village, 

1815 

John  A.  WoodhuU,  s.s.   1858 

15 

1  35 

50 

22 

01  0!    0 

017 

0 

I'l 

0 

1    30 

New  York.  Smyrna 

I 

ch.  (Welch). 

1825 

Robert  D.  Thomas,          1857 

1 

110 

loi     1  10 

3 

3 

1 

6256 

Broadway  Tab   ch 

l;S40 

J.  P.  Thompson,  D  D  ,  p.  1845 

140 

,210 

-350 

6  '46  83:i29; 

4  43 

2 

49 

10 

19  300 

Ch.  of  thePuritani 

,1846 

Geo.  B.  Cheever,  D.D.,p. 

iV 

0  r-porl. 

II 

i 

Bethesda  ch. 

1847 

Charles  B.  Ray.  p.            1846 

9 

,  29,  38 

8110 

lol 

3 

3 

1 

6  256 

Eastern  Cong.  ch. 

1»48 

S.  T.  Aldrich,                   1858 

36 

79  115 

34  2012 

32| 

3  17 

20 

■10 

1331 

Center  St.  Mis.  ch. 

1859 

Amzi  Camp,                      1859 

14 

;  1^ 

28 

1^20]  8 

28; 

1'  2 

3 

1 

5  175 

Niagara  Citv, 

1855 

15 

'  27 

42 

6i  3|  7 

10 ;  3,  1 

0 

4 

0 

2i  70 

Norfolk, 

1817 

M.  K.  Cushman,              1856 

as 

!  45 

80 

10 

1 

North  .4dams, 

1         10 

1 

North  East  Center, 

1829 

Vacant. 

9 

241  33 

0   0 

0" 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

North  Elba, 

1840D.  C.  Ofgord.  s.s.            1853 

8 

:  10|  18 

1 

1 

25 

North  Lawrence, 

1853  George  E.  Rowley,           1854 

8 

23,  31 

3 

0    5 

5 

0   3'  0 

3 

0 

0 

30 

Oneida  Lake, 

1846 

10 

21    31 

0 

0   0 

0: 

ol  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Oriskanv  Falls, 

12 

25    37 

8, 

0'  0 

0: 

0;  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Orwell. 

1858  B.  B.  Cutler,                    1859 
1857  H.  G.  Ludlow.                  1858' 

7 

16   23 

0 

8'  0 

8;   01  0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

50 

Oswego, 

55 

108  263       137;  70 

107    1    0 

0 

1 

15 

4  225 

Otto.East, 

18-36  "illiam  W.  Norton,  s  s.  18-56' 

14 

23    37 

5    1    2 

3    0    10 

1 

1 

1    20 

Owpgo, 

1850  M.Tyler,                          1859 

66 

112  178 

14' 

01  0 

0'   4    0:  0 

4 

0 

0  100 

Paris  Hill, 

1791  George  F.  Eronson,  s.s.   1858  i 

64 

43  107 

2; 

2    0 

2:   Ol  41  0 

4 

0 

2,  50 

Parishville, 

1823  B.  Burn.ip,                       1845' 

25 

45    70 

4' 

4!  0 

4    01  1!  0 

1 

2 

0    35 

Pa'chogue, 

1783 

F.  E.  M.  Bacheler,           1858 

43 

78,121 

lo; 

2    1 

3    0  40:  0 

40 

2 

11  125 

Pekin, 

1843 

No  ri^ort.  I 

1 

Pharsalia,  East, 

i8.5<:i 

Edward  N.  Ruddock,  p.  1^57 ' 

15 

3i;  46 

i' 

7    2 

9]   1 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

60 

Phillipsville, 

1832 

H.  N.  Hubbard,               1857 

38 

60    98      9'    6;  4 

10    0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

4 

100 

Pierrcpont, 

1820 

Philetus  Montague,  p.     1844 

7 

15]  22 

1    0 

0 

Ol 

2 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

40 

Pine  GrOTe,  (So  report).  "54 

James  G.  Cardell,  p.        18541 

1 

Plymouth, 

5 

18 

23 

0  ol 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0 

0     0 

Pt'.l^yden  &  Gregg,  Adm'd, 

at  last  meeting  of  Consoc'n. 

1 

Poolville, 

35 

1 

Poospatuc, 

1750 

Vacant. 

4 

5 

9 

0 

0 

0    0]  0   0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

I'ort  Jefferson, 

1847 

Samuel  T.  Gibbs,  s.s.       1855 

22 

51 

73 

5    3]  4 

7    0    10 

1      21 

0 

80 

Poughkeepsie, 

1857 

CD.  Rice,  p                     1857] 

50 

101  151 

'  9  1"! 

26    l|  7    1 

9 

6 

2 

170 

Pulaski, 

1808 

Lucian  W.  Chaney,  g.e.  1^58 ' 

52 

89!l41 

25|,ll!  4i 

15    6  10    0 

16 

3 

4  ir,0 

Randolph, 

1836 

0.  D  Hibbard,  8.8.           1854; 

21 

42|  63 

2 

7    0 

7    Ol  2,  0 

2 

1 

0|  75 

Raymondville, 

1828 

M.  K.  Cushman,               18-56 

7 

22l  29 

8: 

2!  0 

2    0;  ol  0 

0 

0 

0|  20 

Kecsselaer  Falls, 

1845 

Lucian  W.  Chaney,          1856 

22 

36   58 

15, 

4   0 

4 

11  1'  01 

2 

3 

1    84  • 

KichTille, 

1828 

Goram  Cross,  s.s.             1839 

24 

53    77 

0 

6   5 

11 

2   4 

0 

6, 

5 

0,    0 

"    (Welsh), 

No  Tfpori. 

Riga. 

1809 

J.  E.  Jones,                     1858 

27 

54    81 

0 

6  12 

18 

1    5 

0 

6 

3 

3;  60 

Riverhead, 

18.34 

George  R.  Entler.  P.s.      1858  j 

34 

69    93 

1;  2 

3' 

1    1 

0 

2 

1 

5|  90 

Rochester,  Plym.  ch. 

1855 

Jorathan  Edwards,  p.     1856 

80 

142  222 

14! 

911 

20:   3jl7 

0 

20,]    3 

6250 

j  David  .«pear,  p.              1808 1 

1 

1 

1 

Rodman, 

1805 

(  Quincy  Blakely,  8.8.     1858 1 

37 

73, 

iiol 

39 

0! 

1| 

1,1 

31 

81 

1 

I2J 

01 

2; 

112 

I860.] 


Siatisiics. — JV^etv  York. 


121 


Place  and  Xame. 


Org. 


Name. 


Com. 


CHH.  MEMBERS 

May  1, 1859. 


REMOVALS.   I  BAPTISMS. 

1858-9.        18.58-9. 


Ru.'Jhford, 

Eufhville, 

Riis.'=ell, 

Butland, 

Sand  Bank, 

Sandy  Creek, 

Sangerfield, 

.Saugerties, 

Schroon, 

Sherman, 

Sidney  Center, 

Sinclearville, 

Smithville, 

Smyrna, 

South  Canton, 

Spenct-r, 

Spenoerport, 

Stockbridge, 

Stockholm, 

"     West, 
Sugar  Grove, 
Syracuse,  Plym.  ch. 
Ticonderoga, 
Tuscaroner,  Mission, 
Union  Center, 
Union  Tillage, 
Upper  Aquebogue, 
Upper  Joy, 
WaJidington, 
Wading  River, 
Walton,  1st  ch. 

"    2dch. 
Warsaw, 
Wellsville. 
West  Brook, 
West  Greece, 
Westmoreland, 
West  Point, 
Willsborough, 
Wilmington, 
Winfi«ld, 
Woddville, 


1S.3S  .).  II.  Henry,  s.s. 
ISi  4  Simeon  S.  Hughson 
I'J.otSj  William  Greaves, 
lSiiS|Jnmes  Douglas,  p. 
1S.52;B.  B.  Cutler, 
ISlTKichardOsburn,  Jr. 


18.53 

1S27 
1?51 
1=42 
1.^24 
1824 
1824 
1815 
18.50 
18-34 
1807 
182.3 
18-38 
185-3 
1809 
1805 
1841 
18.37 
17-58 

1828, 
1785 
1793 
1815' 
1840 
1S56 
1858 
1819 
1792 
18081 
18.34 
1.833 
1791 
18;36 


L.  C.  Lockwood,  s.s 
D   Connel,  s.s. 
Ezra  Jones,  s  s. 
A.  Jerome  Buell, 
Edw.  D.  Chapman, 
Alfred  Ingalls.  s.s. 
Matthew C.  Bronson 
Elijah  Plumb, 
Corban  Riddle,  s.s. 
Vacant. 

Moses  Chase, 

Vacant. 
Licentiate. 
M.  E.  Strieby, 
Id.  H.  Gould,  ss. 
Gilbert  Rockwood, 
M  C.  Gaylord,  s.s. 

C.  S.  Sha'ttuck,  p. 
Eusebius  Hale,  p. 

D.  C.  Osgood, 
Vacant. 

J.  H.  Frances, 
J.  S.  Pattingil, 
James  P.  Root,  p. 
K.  E.  Williams, 
.Sewart  Sheldon,  s.s. 
James  P.  Root, 
Harry  E.  Woodcock,  i 
J.  Petrie,  s.s. 
J.  M.  Lord, 
Stephen  A.  Barnard,  i 
D.  C.  O.-good, 
Hiram  H.  Waite,  s.s. 
Vacant. 


1856, 
p.  18.54 
1857 
1853 
1859 

,  s  3. 1852 , 
I 
18581 
18.571 
ia58 
1858: 
1859 
1&57; 

,s.s.  18o8| 
1856! 
1858 


27 i  46  73 
62  120;i82 

21  27!  48 

30  73  103 

11  20 1  31 

47  80:127 
38 

32  68  100 

5;  14!  19 

42'  70  112 

25t  24|  49 

28  53!  81 

181  23'  41 


1857 


1853 
1855 
18.37 
1856 
18.50 
18.53 
1857 

18.54 
1848 
1857 
1857 
1856 
1858 1 

.8. 1857 
18.59 ! 
1858 

.8. 1853 
I&.54 
1856 


Chhs.  specified  but  not  reported— from  previous  report-s. 


lilOO 

291  63 

91159 

94^144 

19,  30 

78  123 

15'  34 

10 i  SO    40 

86  164:250 

16    431  59 

23!  77!l00 

231  36i  59 

.32;  66'  98 

81  120  201 

8|  12    20 

14:  40    54 

&5;   6O'  95 

120  165  285 

501  63  113 

i       ,210 

18    29j  47 

15'  16    31 

27j  541  81 

1160 

as    67.102 

25    40    65 

7!  14!  21 

271  41,  68 

21    26    47 

I       1620 


21 


6;  12, 

1  4! 

0  12: 

0|  3 


27 

4 

2 

1 

0 

9 

0 
22 
33 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
26  25 

3 


IV 

01  0 

;22    1 
15;  2 


20    6 

11 

1     4 

3 

1    7 

9 

2    4 

5 

0    0 

1 

2,10 

n 

4,   1 

i   1 

2!  10    41 

6;   0 

0 

2 
1 

0  0 
0  2 
4'  1 
3!  1 

o|  3 
21 

0!  0 
0,  2 

2i  0 


0 
6  1 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0  0 

01  0 


0     0 
0|    2 
1 
1 


14 


50 

400 


110 
40 


6   90 

28 

3100 

0  60 

01  70 


2i    0 

or  15 


35 
100 

60 
99 

229 

0 

45 

25 

20 

110 
40 

50 
75 


01  30 
0  53 
4200 
71100 
3,200 
51  70 
3i  50 


125 

92 

150 

2  100 

75 


3:   0 


Sc5iM.iRr.— Churches.  II'O;  Ministers.  1-36 ;  Church  members,— 5.221  Males.  9,1-39  Females;  Tot.u.  17,272, 
incluLUng  1.019  absentees.  Additions  in  18.58-9.— 1..3-3S  by  profession,  740  by  letter ;  Total,  2.07S.  Re- 
movals in  18.58-9,-193  by  death,  589  by  dismissal,  52  by  excommunication;  Total,  834.  Baptisms, — 565 
Adult,  .385  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  13,877. 

The  churches  above  specified  are,  generally,  included  in  the  General  AssocLinos  of  Xrw  York,  a  body 
made  up  of  clerical  and  lav  delegates  from  Albany,  Delaware,  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  Oneida,  Ontario,  Puri- 
tan, and  Susquehanna  Associations  ;  and  Black  River,  Essex,  Long  Island,  St.  Lawrence,  and  Western  New- 
York  Consociations.  Their  statistics  include  also  a  column  of  Benevolent  Contributions,  of  which  130 
churches  report  §32.074,64. 

In  addition  to  the  above  180  churches,  there  are  two  other  classes  of  churches,  viz.,  churches  which, 
though  Congregational,  are  connected  with  Presbyteries  on  the  Plan  of  Union  :  and  churches  which  are  un- 
connected with  Associations.  Of  these  it  is  atpresent  impossible  to  secure  statistics;  the  former  being 
enumerated  in  the  lists  of  the  New  School  General  Assembly,  as  if  Presbyterian,  and  without  any  distinguish- 
ing mark  whatever  :  and  the  latter  being  widely  separated  and  not  connected  with  any  ecclesiastical  body 
through  which  returns  could  be  collected.  The  latest  enumeration  made  125  of  the  former  and  over  100 
of  the  latter,— of  whose  numbers  we  prefer  to  make  no— necessarily  v.ague— estimate.  Their  condition  is  the 
result,  in  opposite  directions,  of  the  miscalled  "  Plan  of  Union,"  whose  speedy  dissolution  is  devoutly  to  be 
wished  for. 

Other  Ministers.— Milton  Badger,  D.D.,  Sec.  Am.  Home  >Iissionary  Society,  New  York  ;  Samuel  Backus, 
Citv  Missionary.  Brooklyn  :  Henry  Barbour,  Ameniaville  :  Samuel  Baylies,  Brooklyn  ;  Lyman  Beecher,  D.D., 
Brooklvn  :  Henry  Eelden.  Brooklyn  :  Wm,  Beklen,  New  York  :  Seth  Bliss,  New  York  ;  John  C.  Bray,  Brooklyn  ; 
John  C.  Brigham.  D.D  ,  Sec.  .\m".  Bible  Society,  New  York:  Silas  C.  Brown,  West  Bloomfield  :  JedediaU 
Burchard,  Evangelist,  Adams  :  Amzi  Camp,  City  Missionarv,  New  York ;  Edgar  B.  Crane,  Huntersport  ; 
Russell  S.  Cook,  New  York  :  B,  B.  Cutler,  LawrencevUle  :  Timothy  Darling,  Warsaw  :  Chester  Dewey,  D.D., 
Prof,  in  Rochester  University,  Rochester  ;  David  Dyer,  Albany  :  Calvin  Foote,  Poughkeepsie  :  Edwm  C.  Ful- 
ler, Brooklvn  :  Luther  C  UaUock.  Wading  River :  R.  C.  Hands,  Brooklyn  :  James  D.  Houghton,  teacher, 
Bellville  :  j"ames  H.  Hunter,  New  Utrecht  :  Orville  Ketchum,  North  Pitcher  :  Benjamin  Lockwood,  Williams- 
burg:  Hiram  Main,  Russell  :  John  Marsh,  D.D  .  Sec.  American  Temperance  Union.  New  York:  Benjamin 
N.  Martin.  Prof,  in  New  York  University,  New  York ;  Alexander  W.  McClure,  D.D..  New  York  :  J.  F.  Pack- 
ard, Parisville:  Oscar  K.  Parker,  New  York  :  William  Patten,  D.D..  New  York;  Oscar  B.  Peffers,  Carlton 
Center  :  Ebenezer  Piatt,  Brooklvn  ;  Edward'  Pratt,  New  York :  Enos  H.  Rice,  James  Port ;  Samuel  T.  Rich- 
ards, Spencerport ;  Leicester  a"  Sawyer,  H'hitesboro' :  G.  W.  Timlow,  North  Lebanon :  Richard  Tremain, 
Sandy  Creek:  George  Whipple,  Sec.  American  >lis.=ion.ary  Association,  New  York;  Moses  H.  Wilder,  Otis- 
TiUe ;  R.  WiUoughby,  Little  Valley  ;  Pjchard  Woodruff,  Richford. — 46. 

VOL.  II.  16 


122        Statistics. — New  Jersey  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Indiana.      [ Jaj?. 

NEW    JERSEY. 


Place  and  Name.      Org. 


Name. 


CHH.  MEMBEK8. 

May  1,  1859. 


KEMOVAIS. 

1858-9. 


Baptisms.  . 
1858-9.  3 


Chester, 
Jersey  City, 
Newark, 
Patterson, 


1740  Luke  I.  Stoutenburgh,    1841 

1851  William  B.  Brown,  p.      1855 
1857  C.  H.  A.  Bulkley, 


Chh.  specified  but  not  reported — from  preyious  reports. 


55ll09jl64l  17 
1451257:4021 

I  170 


i24|  4 
14116 


28i 


31  Ij  1 
6120    1 


5|115 
is!  234 


Summary.— Churches,  4 ;  Ministers,  3  ;  Church  members,— 200  Males,  366  Females  ;  Total,  7S6,  inclnding 
17  absentees.  Additions  in  18.58-9,-38  by  profession,  20  by  letter  ;  Total,  58.  Removals  in  1858-9,-9  by 
death,  21  by  dismissal,  2  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  32.  Baptisms, — 11  Adult,  18  Infant.  In  Sabbath 
Schools,  349. 

Other  Ministers. — C.  Hudson,  Elizabeth  town  ;  Elliot  Palmer,  Bible  Agent,  Newark  ;  Almon  Underwood, 
Evangelist,  Newark. — 3. 

These  churches  are  enumerated  (save  one,)  in  the  tables  of  the  New  York  General  Association, — their  min- 
isters being  generally  members  of  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Association. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


[Reported  to  May  1, 1859.] 


Bradford, 

Croydon, 

Farmiiigton, 

Lafayette, 

Lee  Raysville, 

Pottersville, 

West  Spring  Creek, 


1839  Samuel  Porter, 

18531 

1831  Licentiate. 

1858 1  Licentiate. 

1803|Joel  S.  Sabin, 

1851  M.  Frink, 


1849 


1858 
1858 


7 

18 

25 

1' 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 

4 

7 

« 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

24 

;^ 

58 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

7 

10 

17 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

6 

28 

47 

75 

4 

1 

29 

30 

4 

0 

0 

4 

1 

2 

14 

19 

33 

3 

1 

0 

1 

1 

4 

0 

5 

0 

0 

The  above  are  connected  with  Associations  in  New  York.  In  addition  thereto,  there  are  known  to  be 
churches  in  Cambridge,  Conneaut,  Danville  (Welsh,)  Enosburgh  (Welsh.)  Jackson,  Johnston  (Welsh.)  Mercer, 
Minersville  (Welsh,)  Orwell,  Pittsburg  (Welsh,)  Randolph,  lliceville  (Thomas  A.  Gale,  s.s.,)  Salem,  Scran- 
ton  (Welsh,)  Sharon  (Welsh,)  Slate  Ilill  (Welsh,)  Springfield,  Springville,  Tomaqua  (Welsh,)  West  Greenville, 
and  Wilmington.— nowhere  reported.  Estimating  these,  as  to  membership,  from  past  reports,  the  Summary 
is.  Churches,  29;  Ministers,  (so  far  as  known,)  21;  Church  Members,— 83  Males,  1.32  Females;  Total, 
2,079,  including  15  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,  2  by  profession,  30  by  letter  ;  Total,  32.  Removals  in 
1858-9,  6  by  death,  5  by  letter,  1  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  12.  Baptisms,— 1  Adult,  9  Inlant.  In  Sab- 
bath Schools,  110  (in  four  churches). 

Othsr  Ministers. — Asher  Bliss,  Croydon ;  William  M.  Cornell,  physician,  Philadelphia.— 2. 


OHIO.     (See  end  of  Tables.) 
INDIANA. 


[Reported  to  i 

-.] 

,  1859.] 

Adams  County, 

1857  Joseph  H.  Jones, 

10 

Bethlehem, 

Lewis  Wilson, 

20 

Booneville, 

Vacant. 

57 

Buena  Vista, 

M.  W.  Diggs, 

10 

Cicero, 

Vacant. 

20 

Elkhart, 

1856 

" 

53 

4 

6 

10 

0 

1 

0 

1 

70 

Gilead, 

" 

No  report. 

Hart  Township, 

Lewis  Wilson, 

y 

Hopewell, 

Lewis  Wilson, 

16 

Indianapolis, 

1857 

N.  A.  Hyde, 

23 

29 

62 

6 

3 

6 

9 

2 

4 

0 

6 

1 

5 

80 

La  Grange, 

No  report. 

Liber, 

E.  Tucker, 

26 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

60 

Ligonier, 

Vacant. 

4 

Mechanicsville, 

" 

10 

Michigan  City, 

bO 

Montgomery, 

Lewis  WiK^on, 

53 

New  Corydon, 

James  H.  Jones, 

Ohio  Township, 

Vacant. 

No  report. 

Ontario, 

" 

Orland, 

92 

I'isgah, 

M.  "W.  Diggg, 

20 

Pleasant  Grove, 

Lewis  Wilson, 

18 

Siloam. 

No  report. 

Terre  Haute, 

1834;M.  A.  Jewett, 

200 

12 

1849 

Dean  Andrews, 

13 

i; 

30 

0 

16 

2 

IV 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

6 

25 

"     South, 

1854 

Dean  Andrews, 

9 

11 

20 

0 

5 

2 

V 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

24 

Westchester, 

J.  H.  Jones, 

ib 

Westfield, 

18.56 

Vacant. 

62 

0 

0 

0 

0 

90 

Chhs.  specified  above 

,  but 

not  reported,  estimated. 

100 





__ 



Summary.— Churches,  29 ;  Ministers,  8  ;  Church  members,— 45  Males,  57  Females  ;  Total,  956,  including 
6  absentees.  Additions  in  1858,-27  by  profession,  16  by  letter  ;  Total,  43  ;  Removals  in  1858,-5  by 
death,  5  by  dismissal  i  1H)TAL,  10.     Baptisms,  4  Adult,  14  Infiint.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  339. 


I860.] 


Statistics. — Illinois. 


123 


Other  Ministeks.— John  G.  Brice,  Winchester,  Randolph  Co. ;  Jnmes  McFarland,  Evansville  ;  Bartlwell 
D.  Magee,  Mich.  City  ;  James  R.  Mershon,  Marion  City  ;  Jabez  Neal,  We.stfiekl,  Hamilton  Co.  ;  I.  N.  Taylor, 
Jay,  Jay  Co.  ;  E.  Tucker,  Jay,  Jay  Co. ;  Prof.  W.  Twining,  CrawforJsville  ;  Levin  Wilson,  Cyuthiana,  Posey 
C0.-9. 

The  QENER.tL  Association  op  the  Congregational  Churches  and  Ministers  of  Indiana  embraces, 
<with  Marshall.  111.,)  a  portion  of  the  above  named  churches  ;  it  includes  both  ministers  and  lay  delegates, 
and  was  organized  March  13,  1S58.  The  widely  scattered  condition  of  the  cluirches  and  the  unassociated 
condition  of  many,  render  it  diflicuU  to  collect  the  statistics,  which  are  for  the  first  time  published  by  the 
Association. 

ILLINOIS. 


Place  and  Name.       Org. 


chh.  members. 
Apr.  1, 1859. 


ADDIT'l 

1858-1 


BAPTISMS. 

1858-9. 


Abington, 
Albany, 
Algonquin, 
Altona, 
Amboy, 
Annawan, 
Arispe, 
Atlanta, 
Aurora,  1st  ch. 
"    N.  E.  ch. 
Avon, 

Babeoct's  Grove, 
Barry, 
Barrington, 
Batavia, 
Beard.stown, 
Big  Grove, 
Big  Rock, 
Big  Woods, 
Bloomingdale, 
Bloomington, 
Brimfield, 
Bristol, 
Bruce, 
Buda, 

Bunker  Hill, 
Burlington, 
BuiTitt, 
Byron, 
Cambridge, 


1858 
1842 
1850 
1856 
1854 
1853 
1858 
1854, 
1848 
1858 
1855 
1851 
1846 
1853 
1835 
1845 
1834 
1854 
1842 
1840 
1843 
1847 
1832 
18.55 
1856 
1857 
18.50 
18,56 
1837 
1851 


Alfred  MorBe, 
Vacant. 


Campton  and  Virgil,  1846 

Canton,  1842 

Carthage,  1836 

Cedron,  1856 

Chandlerville,  18.36 

Chesterfield,  1848 
Chicago,  1st  Cong.  ch.  1861 

■'     Plymouth  ch.  1852 


"    N.  E.  ch. 

1853 

"     .South  ch. 

1854 

"     Edwards  ch.         1854 

"     Salem  ch. 

1857 

Chrystal  Lake, 

1842 

Collins  Station, 

1859 

Como, 

1851 

Concord, 

1844 

Cornwall, 

1857 

Crete, 

1853 

Dallas  City, 

1859 

Deer  Park, 

1857 

De  Kalb, 

1854 

Dover, 

1838 

Dundee, 

1841 

Dunleith, 

Earl, 

1848 

Elgin, 

1836 

Elk  Grove, 

18.36 

Elkhom  Grove, 

18,54 

Elmwood, 

1854 

El  Paso, 

18,59 

Earmington, 

1849 

Fox  Lake, 

Unknown. 

Fremont, 

1838 

Fulton  City, 

1839 

Galesburg,  Ist  ch.        1837 

"    1st  Cong. 

ch.       1855 

Galva, 

1855 

Gap  Grove, 

1839 

Addison  Lyman, 
David  Todd, 
Henry  W.  Cobb, 
Richard  B.  Hull, 
George  B.  Hubbard, 
Benjamin  F.  Worrell, 
James  McChesney, 

Vacant. 
John  Cross, 
William  E.  Merriam, 
Edward  F.  Cutter, 

Vacant. 
Joseph  Stephenson, 

Vacant. 
Henderson  Judd, 
Lathrop  Taylor, 
James  Vincent, 
Joel  Grant, 
A.  D.  Wykoff, 

Vacant. 
Jame.i  Weller, 

Vacant. 
.John  Wilcox, 
Reuel  M.  Pearson, 
J.  D.  Baker, 

Vacant. 
Edwards  Marsh, 

Vacant. 
Samuel  Dilley, 
William  Barnes, 
Henry  D.  Piatt, 
William  W.  Patton, 
John  E.  Roy, 
Samuel  Wolcott, 
James  H.  Dill, 
Jeremiah  Porter, 


1858 


No  report. 


1858 
1858 
1859 
1858 
1858 
1857 
1856 


1858 
1854 
1857 

1859 

1856 
1858 
1858 
1859 
1859 
1858 
1856 

1859 
1850 
1852 
No  report 
1850 

1858 
1858 
1858 
1857 
1856 
1859 
18.59 
1858 


Washington  A.  Nichols,  1858 

Francis  L.  Fuller,  1856 

Arthur  T.  Rankin,  1859 

Rufus  Patch,  1859 

William  F.  A'aill,  1858 

S.  Osenga,  Presb.,  1858 

Andrew  L.  Penoyer,  1858 

Vacant. 

Richard  C.  Bristol,  1856 

Flavel  Bascom,  1857 

John  Cross,  1859 

J.  Watts,  1858 

Joseph  T.'  Cook,  1859 

David  H.  Kingsley,  1855 

Marvin  Root,  1858 

Shurlock  Bristol,  1859 

Vacant. 

John  N.  Williams,  1854 

Vacant. 

Calvin  C.  Adams,  1856 
Josiah  Leonard,  Presb.,  1856 

Jonathan  Blanchard,  18.59 

Edward  Bcecher,  D.D.,  1855 

Samuel  G.  Wright,  18.57 

Lucius  H.  Parker,  1858 


01,15 
0  0 
61  1 


10 

19 

n 

21 

12 

25 

50 

72 

46 

74 

4 

4 

( 

11 

4 

6 

40 

67 

39 

51 

53 

77 

31 

51 

25 

38 

10 

14 

31 

52 

5 

5 

17 

19 

28 

45 

30 

49 

2 

7 

12 

15 

25 

30 

13 

29 

162 

243 

67 

95 

57 

,50 

9 

30 

26 

36 

13 

20 

17 

24 

9 

17 

41 

,54 

5 

11 

13 

18 

12 

17 

25 

41 

20 

31 

59 

58 

25 

38 

11 

13 

102 

1,36 

20 

27 

17 

26 

36 

43 

3 

3 

61 

89 

1 

1 

47 

28 

IS 

17 

114 

177 

92 

148 

45 

50 

12 

12 

191  .30 

1.37  271 

261  43 

No  report. 

29 

.32 

37 

122 

120 

8 

18 
10 
107 
90 
130 
82 
58 
24 
83 
10 
36 
73 
79 


0;  0  0 

0  2  1 
0  0  0 


143 
0  0 


0 
0 
2 
5 

5 
0 
0 
0 
4 
4 
4[  6 


0  12 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

4 

24 

3 

18 

0 

0 

0 

0 

92 

0 

60 

40 

2  234 

0  30 


125 
25 

50 

90 

250 

0 

15 

60 

155 

•301 

112 

75 

36 

30 

125 

0 

66 

97 

75 

92 
0 
25 
60 
90 


340 
71 

224 
60 
53 

90 

60 

0 

45 

40 

0 

50 

75 

50 

■75 

35 

85 

15 

100 

100 

0 

120 

0 

50 

75 

197 

182 

123 

50 


124 


Statistics. — Illinois. 


[Jan. 


Place  and  Name.      Org. 


Name. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

Apr.  1,  1859. 


Garden  Prairie, 

Geneseo, 

Geneva, 

Grand  Detour, 

Granville, 

Griggsville, 

Iladley, 

Hampton, 

Havana,  Mason  eh, 

Henry, 

llillsgrove, 

Hoyleton, 

Huntley, 

Jackfionville, 

Jericho, 

Kaneville, 

Kankakee, 

Kewanee, 

Knoxville, 

Lafayette, 

La  Harpe, 

LaMoille, 

La  Salle, 

Lawn  Ridge, 

Lee  Center, 

Lincoln, 

Lisbon, 

Lockport, 

Loda, 

Lodi,     (No  report.) 

Lyndon, 

Lyonsville, 

Macomb, 

Maiden, 

Malta, 

Marengo, 

Marshall, 

McLean, 

Mendon, 

Mendota, 

Metamora, 

Middlesex, 

Millburn, 

Milo, 

Mineral, 


1858  Nathaniel  0.  Clark,  1858 

1836' idilo  N.  Miles,  1858 

1850 1  Lewis  Gano,  1858 
1842      Vaoiint. 

185.3  ?mith  Norton,  1859 
1834  Nathaniel  P.  Coltrine,    1858 

1849|('harles  C.  Breed,  1858 

1862hVil)iam  Porter,  1855 
1858      Vacant. 

18,50i  Wilson  D.  Webb,  1859 

1841  William  B.  Atkinson,  1858 

1858 lOvid  Miner,  1858 

18521  Lot  Church,  1858 
1833  J.  M.  Sturtevant,  Jr.,  s.s 


1839 
1857 
1854 
1855 
1850 
1847 
1836 
1840 
1852 
1845 


Jofeph  Stephenson, 
Vacant. 


C.  C.  Salter, 
Alfred  Morse, 

Vacant. 
Andrew  L.  Penoyer, 
H.  M.  Swift, 
Levi  F.  Waldo, 
Samuel  Ordway, 
1843  S.  W^allac^Phelps, 
1859  H.  W.  Cobb, 
1838  Laramon  B.  Lane, 
1838 1  George  Schlosser, 
1857  William  Gould, 
1854 1  William  Gay, 
1'^3<1  Daniel  Chapman, 
1844'J.  G.  I'orter, 
1858,Zerah  K.  Hawley,' 


1857 
1858 
1858 
1841 
1858 
1833 
1855 


Stephen  S.  Morrill, 
Samuel  F.  Poiter, 
Nathaniel  C.  Clark, 
Jacob  Chapman, 
Suniuel  Peufield, 


Alexander  B.  Campbell,  1855 


Moline,   (No  report.)    1844 
Montebello,  (Uamilton,)'49 


Morris, 

Morrison, 

Morton, 

Munro, 

Naperville, 

Nebraska, 

Neponset, 

Nettle  Creek, 

Newark, 

New  Hope, 

Newtown, 

Nora, 

Onargo, 

Oneida, 

Ontario, 

Oswego, 

Ottawa,  1st  ch. 

"    Plymouth  ch. 
Ovyen, 

Pawpaw,  unk 

Paxton, 
Pay  son, 

Peoria,  Main  St., 
Peru, 

Petaconica, 
Pittsfield, 
Plainfleld, 
Piano, 
Port  Byron, 
Prarie  City, 
Princeton, 
Providence, 
Quiucy,  lot  ch. 


Dean  U.  Blake, 

1848  James  J.  A.  T.  Dixon, 
unknown.      Vacant. 

1841  William  B.  Dodge, 

1849  Vacant. 
1858  Addison  Lyman, 

Allen  B.  Hitchcock, 
Vacant. 
1848  Edwin  B.  Turner, 
1858  John  W.  White, 


1848 
1846 
1839 
1858 
1857 


1836 

184 

1853 

1854 

183 

1843 

1858 

1849 

1842 

1831 

1841 

1830 


1851  Vacant. 
1843  C.  R.  Clark, 
1834  Elihu  Barber, 
1858  R.  Samuel, 

1855  Charles  H.  Pierce, 
1850  Alvah  Day, 

1843  James  F.  Taylor, 

Thomas  W.  Holmes, 

1852  Vacant. 
Oramel  W.  Cooley, 

1858  Lemuel  Foster, 

1856  Henry  C.Abernethy, 
L.  Lefiingwell, 

Vacant. 
Martin  K.  Whittlefey, 
W.  C.  Scofield, 
John  Perham, 

Vacant. 
J.  Granger, 
Cephas  A.  Leach, 
Asahel  A.  Stevens, 

Vacant. 
E  D.  Willis,  Presb., 
William  Carter, 

Vacant. 
S.  S.  Cone, 
William  Porter, 
Benjamin  F.  Worrell, 

Vacant. 
David  Todd, 
S.  Hopkins  Emery, 


I860.] 


Statistics. — Michigan. 


125 


Pla^e  and  Name.      Org. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

Apr.  1. 1859. 


AnniT'NS 

KEM0V.4LS.    1 

1858-9. 

1858-E 

. 

C 

K 

s 

■-■  a 

ti 

< 

Oj    ^ 

H 

o 

D 

W 

H 

Quincy.  Center, 
Hicliview, 
Eingwood  and 

MiUcnry, 
Uockford,  1st  ch. 

"     2d  ch. 
Rockport  and 

Summer  Hill, 
Rockton, 
Roscoe, 
Rosemond, 
Roiieville, 
Round   Prairie,  Ply 

mouth  ch. 
Sandoval, 
Sandwich, 
Sheffield, 
ShirlanJ, 
Spoon  Hiver, 
St.  Charles, 
Sunbury,  Free  ch. 
Sycamore, 
Tonica, 
Toulon. 
Tremont, 
Turner, 

Twelve  Mile  Grove, 
Udina. 
Vermilion, 
Victoria, 
Vienna, 
■Walnut  Grove, 
Wataga, 
Waukegan, 
AVaverly, 
AVest  Urbana, 
AVethersfield, 
AVinnebago, 
Woodburn, 
Wythe, 
Chhs.  specified  but 


184 

1859 

1848 

18.3 

1849 

1844 

1838 
184.3 
185(3 
1851 

1836 
1859 
1853 
1854 
1846 
1847 
1837 
1858 
1840 
185' 
1846 
1843 
1856 
1841 
1848 
18.34 
1841 
1858 
1857 
1855 
1843 
183G 
1854 
1839 
1846 
1838 
1851 


Horatio  Foote, 
Ovid  Miner, 


1847, 


Samuel  U.  Thompson,  1856 
Henry  M.  Goodwin,  1850 
Joseph  Emerson,  1854' 


Samuel  R.  Thrall, 
Calvin  M.  Selden, 
Sylvanus  II.  Kelloga 
\\'illiam  C.  Merritt, 
Auimi  H.  Mitchell, 


1859, 

18571 
1859 
18571 
1858; 


William  B.  Atkinson,  1858 
D.  Oilnier, 

.lames  Kilbourn,  1^57 

Addison  Lyman,  1854: 

James  Hodges,  18.56 

Vacant.                  No  report] 

George  S.  F.  Savage,  1847| 

II   H.  Hinmiin,  1858! 

Darius  Gore,  1853 

u  illiam  McConn,  1859, 

Richard  C.  Dunn,  18-56 

Edwin  G.  Smith,  18571 

S.  W.  Champlin,  18571 

Porter  B.  Parrey,  18.571 

J.  A.  Mack,  1859 


36 


8  24l  32 
64  140  204 
81  123  204 


241  32 
25    37 


30 


14    23    87 


Vacant 

Vacant. 
A.  D.  Wykoff, 
A.  Mitchell. 
Simeon  Waters, 

Vacant. 
Henry  M.  Tupper, 
Samuel  A.  Vandyke, 

Vacant. 
Samuel  P.  Sloan, 
Chai'les  B.  Barton, 
Samuel  Dilley, 


No  report. 
1858 
1857 
1859 

1859 
1857 

1854 
1853 
1858 


not  reported— from  previous  reports. 


106  154 1 260 !  56 

0 

14 

.0 

6 

6 

1 

5 

5 

15 


10  0 
34  13 

21 .27 

o|  0 
5 
6 

11  1 
4 


6 1  15 
93134 

14  23 
53  100 
40  65 
6  8 
40  70 
22 1  42 


21    23    44 


4 

7 

23  S3 

6|  15 

59  61 

25  36 

35 1  51 

41  60 

29!  51 

20'  27 
82; 130 


2,  2i 
2    li 

64  11 
13  0 
22 1  3 
0 
3 
2 
0 
9 
1 
0 


5 
10 

1 
0 

3 
2 

0 
0 

4 
2 

0 
8 

47 

0 

19 

0 

19 

14 

48 

2 

9 

0 

11 

10 

1 
0 

0 

2 

10 

12 

0 

5 

2 

8 

0 

10 

(» 

11 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

12 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

12 

0 

3 

0 

3 

1 

e' 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

'34I 

1 

7 

2 

10 

6 

4' 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

s 

1 

2 

2 

5 

1 

75' 

2'l5 

0 

17 

16 

13 

0    0 

0 

0 

4 

25' 

il 

2 

n 

7 

1 

0 

4 

1 

27 

Oj  0 

0 

0 

1 

7 

3,  1 

1 

5 

2 

0 

0  0 

0 

0 

0 

44 

0    8 

0 

8 

0 

1 

0!  4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0,  4 

0 

4 

0; 

2 

0!  0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

8 

2 

7 

0 

9 

1 

7 

1 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

7 

0 

10 

0 

11 

0    2 

0 

2 

0 

14 

Oil 

0 

11 

3 

12 

0    6 

3 

9 

2 

21 

0    1 

0 

1 

0 

17 

0 

2 

3 

5 

51 

0  30 
2,150 
9  199 

o|  75 
2    60 


2 

115 
90 


2 

5 
0 

5 

4  .50 
3  48 
01  80 

3 1 170 

0  0 

1  120 
0,  25 


Oi  40 


0  50 
0  186 
2I  85 
31  0 
0  100 
7!  72 
41  60 
0,100 
0|  30 
11  60 
95 


Summary.— Churches,  185  ;  Ministers,  130  ;  Church  members,— 4.754  Males,  6.845  Females ;  Total,  11.844' 
including  967  absentees.  Additions  in  1858,  1,302  by  profession,  1,054  by  letter ;  Total,  2  .356.  Ke" 
niovals  in  1858, — 108  bv  death,  669  by  dismiss.al.  65  by  excommunication  ;  Total,  842.  Baptisms, — 
Adult,  424,  Infant,  4-56.  "in  Sabbath  Schools,  14,340. 

Other  Ministers.— [Dean  Andrews,  Marshall :]  George  J.  Barrett,  Siimner  Hill ;  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  Prof, 
in  Chicago  Theo.  Sem.,  Chicago  ;  V\  illiam  Beardslej',  Farm  Ridge;  Lewis  Benedict,  Geneva ;  J.A.Bent, 
Iloyleton  ;  E.  C.  Eirge,  Algonquin  ;  W.  W.  Blanchard,  Paxton,  Ford  Co.  ;  Hope  Brown,  Rockford  ;  William 
E.  Caldwell,  Peoria  ;  A.  \f.  Chapman,  Seward  ;  Lot  Church,  Huntley  ;  William  H.  Collins,  Jacksonville  ; 
Eben  Coleman,  Princeton  :  Chauncey  Cook,  Ottawa  ;  A.  Ethridge,  Dover ;  Lucien  Farnham,  Newark  :  Eli  0. 
Fisk,  Havana ;  Franklin  W.  Fiske,  Prof,  in  Chicago  Theol.  Sem.,  Chicago  ;  William  Gay,  Bristol ;  Daniel  Gil- 
mer, Sandov,aI,  Marion  Co.  ;  Epaphras  Goodman,  Chicago  ;  J.  Granger,  Paxton,  Ford  Co. ;  H.  L.  Hammond, 
Chicago  ;  A.  Han-ingtou,  Tonica  ;  Joseph  Haven,  Prof,  in  Chicago  Theol.  Sem.,  Chicago  ;  Thomas  W.  Holmes, 
New  Hope,  Edwards  Co. ;  William  Holmes,  Broad  Creek,  Pope  Co.  ;  T,  H.  Hurlbut,  Upper  Alton  ;  C.  S.  John  - 
son,  Uockford  ;  James  Loughead,  Morris;  Israel  Mattison,  Sandwich  ;  Daniel  K.  Miller,  Lisbon ;  George 
Needham,  Paxton,  Iroquois  Co.  ;    T.  Packard.  Mantino  ;    A  C.  Page.  Elgin  ;    Alexander  Parker,  Marseilles, 

La  Salle  ;  Lucius  H.  Parker,  Galesburg  ;  "■    ""-■■'■  ,...„. 

Kewanee  ;  Adam  L.  Rankin,  Salem,  Ma 
Winnebago  ;   L.  E.  Sykes,  St.  Charles, 
coupin  Co. — 45. 

The  Illinois  churches,  (with  a  f>'w  exceptions,)  and  one  out  of  Illinois,  are  connected  with  the  General  Asso- 
ciation OF  Illinois,  a  clerical  and  lay  body,  receiving  delegates  froii!  the  churches  throunh  nine  Assnciatiods, 
viz.,  Bureau,  Central,  Chicago,  Elgin,  Fox  River  Union,  Geuecee,  Illinois,  Rockford,  and  Southern  Illinois. 


raciuiiu.  iriauuuo  ;  a.  yj.  rage.  £iigm  ;  Aiexanaer  rarKer,  Marseilles, 
rg;  [Rufus  Patch,  (Concord  ;]  U.  G.  Pendleton,  Henry  ;    Loren  Uobbins, 

Marion  Co.  ;  Uriah  W.  Sni.all,  Sterling,  Whiteside  Co.  ;  Samuel  Sweezy, 
s,  Kane  Co. ;    James  Tisdale,  Tonica,  La  Salle  Co. ;  I.  S.  Williams.  Ma- 


MICHIGAN. 


[Reported  up  to  April  1,  1859.1 


Adiims,  1847  Edwin  \\ .  Shaw,  1859 

Adrian,  1854|Asa  Mahan,  1858 

Algonac,  1841       A'acant. 

Allegan,  18.58' David  Wert, 

Almont,  18381  Henry  Bates,  1859 

Ann  Arbor,  1847  Saniu.-!  D.  Cochran,  1858 

Armada,  1838  S.  M.  Judbon,  1858 

Atherton,                               |                                   No  report. 

Augusta,  1849 1 Thoms.s  W.  Jones,  1859 

"  1854|Michael  M.  Porter,  18-56 

VOL.  II.  17 


37 

.50 

87 

7 

24 

2 

"26" 

1 

1 

0 

""2:| 

57 

121 

118      3:  64;  21 

85: 

1 

1 

0      2 

11 

9 

20      5li  0    0 

0 

0 

0 

0      0 

25 

1  5  10 

1-5 

51 

72 

123 

4  17 

0 

17i 

3 

0 

1 

4 

80 

94 

174 

15  28 

23 

51 

3 

13 

4 

20 

23 

30 

53 

14 

6 

1 

^i 

1 

5 

0 

6 

33 

45 

78 

7 

6 

2 

1 
8 

1 

2*2 

15 

14 

29 

3 

1 

5 

6: 

0 

0 

0 

0 

126 


Statidics. — Mlclvgan. 


[Jan. 


Place  and  Name.      Org 


Name. 


Com. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

Apr.  1,  1859. 


REMOVALS. 

1858-9. 


3J     .S      X 


Barry, 

BedfDrd, 

Benton, 

Bo.ston, 

Bowne, 

Bruce, 

Cannon, 

Cascade, 

Casoo, 

Charlotte, 

Chelsea, 

Chesterfield, 

Clinton, 

Columbus, 

Commerce, 

Cooper, 

Dearborn, 

Detroit, 

Dester, 

De  Witt, 

Dorr, 

Dowagiac, 

Dundee, 

Eagle  and  Delta, 

15.1st  Saginaw, 

Easton, 

Eaton  Rapids, 

Essex, 

Farmer's  Rock, 

Flat  Rock, 

Franklin, 

Galesburg, 

Genesee, 

Goodrich, 

Grand  Blanc, 

Grand  Haven, 

Grand  Rapids, 

Grandville, 

Grass  Lake, 

Greenville, 

Hartland, 

Hopkins, 

Howell, 

Hudson, 

Jackson, 

Kalamazoo, 

Keeler, 

Lamont, 

Lapeer, 

Laphamville, 

Lawrence, 

Leroy , 

Lime. 

Litchfield, 

Lodi, 

London, 

Lowell, 

Medina,  1st  ch. 

"    2d  ch. 
Memphis, 
Mendon, 
Milford, 
Morenci, 

Nankin  and  Livonia, 
Napoleon, 
New  Baltimore, 
New  Buffalo, 
New  Haven, 
Newport, 
Newton, 
Niles, 
Oakwood, 
Oceola, 
Olivet, 
Orion, 
Otsego, 
Owosso, 
I'lnckney, 
I'ontiac, 
Port  Huron, 


18341 
1848! 
1844i 
18471 
1844 
1833; 
1845' 
1849; 
1854 
1851 
1849 
1847 
1831 
1851 

1843 

1844 
1839 
1851 
1857 
1850 
1837 

18.57 
1851 
1843 
1855 

1848 
1858 
1848 

1849 
1855 
18a3 
1858 
1839 
1839 
1835 
18.52 
1844 

1849 
1836 
1841 
1835 

1849 

1844 
1852 


Joseph  W.  Smith,  1858 
John  Scotford, 

Joseph  AV.  Smith,  1859 

Levi  Wheelork,  1857 

James  W.  Kidder,  18.58 

S.  M.  Judson,  18-58 

Samuel  Sessions,  1856 

E.  Prince,  1859 

Vacant. 

Wolcott,  B.  Williams,  1854 

Hiram  Elmer,  1852 

Vacant. 

Silas  V.  Hyde,  1855 
William  P.  Russell, 

Lucian  H.  Jones, 

No  report. 
Harvey  D.  Kitchel,  D.n.,  1848 

John  B.  Fi.'ike,  1855 

Osee  M.  Qoodale,  1858 

James  A.  McKay,  1857 
Henry  Cherry, 
/•    Vacant. 
William  P.  Elsler, 

William  C.  Smith,  1857 

Levi  Wheelock,  1858 

John  S.  Kidder,  1855 

Vacant. 

M.  Allen,  1858 

James  Nail,  1857 

Justin  Marsh,  1857 
Thomas  Jones, 

Almon  B.  Pratt,  1852 

A.  f^anderson,  1859 

George  Winter,  1852 

Joseph  Anderson,  1858 
Stephen  S.  N.  Greeley,    1857 


Guy  C.  Strong, 
Alan.son  Alvord, 
Charles  Spooner, 

Vacant. 
James  A.  McKay, 

Vacant. 
L.  Smith  llobart, 
William  B.  Dada, 
Edward  Taylor, 

James  Ballard, 


No 


Timothy  Stowe, 

A.  W.  Bushnell,      No 

1830  William  E.  Catlln, 

18y9      Vacant. 

1854  John  Patchin, 

1838 '  Michael  M.  Porter, 

1856 


183' 
1859 
1840 

18.58 

1858 
1843 


George  W.  Nicolls, 

William  P.  Russell, 
N.  D.  Gliddon, 


George  W.  Nicolls, 
N.  Tucker, 


No 


1855  Beriah  King, 


1856 


A'acant. 
W.  Warren, 


Vacant, 
1845  Elizur  Andrus, 
1848  Edwin  T.  Hranch, 
18431     Vai-ant. 


1845 

1858 

18,53 
1840 
1831 
1840 


M.  W.  Fairfield, 
Kdwin  T    Uranch, 
Divid  S.  -Morse, 
Adin  H.  Fletcher, 
Uari forth  L.  Eaton, 
Goorjje  M.  Twitchill, 
J.  S.  Uoyt, 


1855 

1858 
1853 


18.56 
1858 


1857 
report. 

1858 
report. 

1858 

1855 

1856 

1858 
1859 
1848 
1858 
report. 
1858 
1857 
1.S56 

1858 
I  report. 


18.58 
1855 

1858 
1855 

1858 
1856 
1858 
1858 


28 


101  16 

54 

7!  11 

24 1  36 


14 
19 
57 
15 
13 
35 
89 
37 
142  238 
25 
28 
73 


45 


130  230  360 


33 


25 


66 

22 

30 

90 

23 

66 

45 

59 

41 

18 

11  23 

23:  36 

23'  35 

1222 


45  69 

i9 


0  0 


20  17 


24'  86  139 


6 

2 

1 

14 

11 

0 

0 

27 

8 

1 

0 

0 

5 

14 

6 

0 

0 

33 

19 

9 

A->. 

35 

1 

1 1 

27 

5 

21 

5 
1 

14 

11 

2 
5 

1 

2 

0 

1 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

7 

13 

1 

0 

12  27 

13 

13 

1 

7 

5 

2 

3 

1 

9 

3 

0 

1 

3 

1 

3 

2 

3 
2 

0 

1 

17 

10 

6 

1 

5 

0 

0 

0 

22 

9 

4 

1 

8 

2 

13 

2 

1 

2 

9 

5 

3 

8 

3 

7 

51 

9 

3l 

6 

6 

14 


0  0 
2  3 
0  0 


0  0 
0  2 


0 
1 
3 
0  0  0 


6  17 
1  3 

1|  0 
0  0 


1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 

1 

0 
4 '20 


0 
0 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Ol  0 
■  4 


0 

0 

0 

0'  0 

0 

0  1 

0 

0  0 

0 

8  27 

0 

V   5 

0 

Oil 

0 

1!  4l  1 

0 

0  0 

1 

2 

2 

0  1 

0 

4 

2 

6  12 
2  14 


1  1 


3]  4;  0 

lll4  5 

ll  6  0 

1  0  0 

1  0  0 

0  34  0 

01  0  0 
21  0|  0 

5 


1 

1 

5 

1 

S 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

2 

3 

3 

1 

4 

1 

11 

fi 

0 

1 

3 

5 

23 

3 

4 

3 

2 

2 

0 

5 

6 

11 

4 

0 

2 

0 

1 

7 

2 

14 

H 

3 

3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

0 

28 

8 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

4 

0 

9 

35 

36 

6 

2 

11 

4 

6 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

6 

9 

22 

18 

16 

46 

2 

10 

1 

7 

8 

20 

7 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

34 

1 

0 

5 

2 

6 

5 

0 

3 

I860.] 


Statistics. —  Wisconsin. 


127 


CHH 

.  MEMBERS. 

audit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHCRCHB3. 

MINISTERS. 

Apr.  1,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.   3 

»  1 

"3  1    -J 

u 

ij 

7 

s 

u 

.     g 

Pla^e  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

.2 

1 
< 

^ 

< 

O 

1 

(5 

o 

< 

O 
H 

< 

a     < 

Port  Sanilac, 

1858;  George  Hitchen, 

1858 

8 

18  i  21 

1 

13 

4 

17| 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

4 

30 

RaisiDTiUe, 

1849 

Solomon  Stevens, 

1857 

11 

19 

30 

2 

3 

4 

7, 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

"     East, 

185.3 

Vacant. 

1 

5 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

52 

Ransom, 

1848 

Marshall  Tingley, 

1857 

n 

21 

33 

3 

3 

6 

9 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

46 

Ray  and  Lenox, 

1838 

Vacant. 

12 

20    32 

0 

8 

5 

13 

1 

0 

0 

1 

7 

1 

88 

Rochester, 

1827 

" 

28 

60 

88 

15 

19 

5 

24, 

1 

2 

0 

3 

10 

2 

60 

Romeo, 

1829 

Philo  R.  Hurd, 

1849 

41 

65 

106 

13 

0 

9 

9 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

0 

100 

Royal  Oak, 

1842|S.  N.  Hill, 

1856 

16 

23 

39 

1 

6 

1 

7 

1 

2 

0 

3 

7 

2 

75 

Salem, 

1844iEdti]und  W.  Borden, 

1858 

29 

61 

90 

6 

4 

2 

6 

1 

8 

0 

9 

2 

2 

60 

Sharon, 

1850 

Benjamin  Russell, 

1858 

8 

13 

21 

5 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

30 

Somerset, 

1858 

George  Barnum, 

1858 

9 

14 

23 

1 

2 

21 

23 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

48 

South  Haven, 

1856 

Nathaniel  Grover, 

1856 

8 

15 

23 

4 

5 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

79 

St.  Clair, 

1841 

James  Vincent, 

1859 

27 

56 

83 

7 

9 

0 

0 

0 

4 

3 

7 

1 

6 

93 

Summit, 

1851 

Cyrus  H.  Eaton, 

18.57 

80 

30 

60 

1 

21 

2 

23 

1 

4 

0 

5 

14 

0 

75 

Sylvaniiv, 

1834 

A.  B.  Lyon, 

1859 

35 

46 

81 

10 

3 

3 

3 

2 

9 

5 

0 

2 

70 

Thornapple, 

James  W.  Kidder, 

35 

1 

2 

3 

0 

Union  City, 

18-37  Reuben  Hatch, 

18.56 

59 

92:142 

8 

1 

9 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

90 

Utica, 

1855  William  Piatt, 

1854 

9 

.32    41 

6 

10 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1 

120 

A'ermontville, 

18-38  Charles  Temple, 

1854 

41 

53    94 

5 

9 

1 

10 

2 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

60 

Vernon, 

18or     Vacant. 

6 

9|  15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Victor, 

1845  0.«ee  M.  Goodale, 

1858 

11 

18    29 

7 

5 

6 

10 

0 

4 

1 

5 

2 

2 

0 

A'ienna. 

1845  D.  B.  Campbell, 

1858 

20 

22    42 

12 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

40 

Watervliet,  1st  ch. 

18.53  Aaron  Rowe, 

1857 

12 

16    28 

3 

8 

10 

2 

12 

•'    2d  ch. 

1858      ■'        " 

1858 

8 

6    14 

2 

1 

3 

2 

2 

Wayne, 

1848      A'acant. 

9 

17    26 

2 

1 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

80 

Wheatland, 

1S43  Edwin  W.  Shaw, 

1857 

15 

25    40 

5 

5 

2 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

1 

80 

Windsor, 

1846  W.  W.  Robson, 

1858 

10 

10    20 

3 

1 

2 

3 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

40 

Worth, 

1869  George  Hitchen, 

1858 

7 

6    13 

0 

13 

0 

13 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

55 

Chhs.  specified  but  not  reported— from  previous  repoits, 

300 

J 

_ 

Summary.  —Churches,  118  ;  Ministers,  106  ;  Church  members,— 2.146  Males,  8,461  Females  ;  Total,  6,768, 
including  592  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,— 994  by  profession,  578  by  letter  ;  Total,  1.572.  Removals 
in  1858  9,— 97  by  death.  328  by  dismissal,  48  by  excommunication ;  Total,  473.  Baptisms,— 410  Adult, 
193  Infaut.     In  Sabbath  Schools,  6,508. 

Other  BIinisters. — Edward  Ander.son,  St.  Joseph  ;  N.  H.  Barnes,  Dowagiac  ;  Isaac  Barker,  Galesburg  ; 
Sidney  S.  Brown,  Concord  ;  William  M.  Campbell,  Charlestown ;  Bethuel  C.  Church,  Lament;  Ira  Clark, 
Galesburg  ;  Sylvester  Cochrane,  Northville  ;  Isaac  C.  Crane,  Bronson  ;  [Danforth  L.  Eaton,  Pinckney]  ;  Joseph 
Estabrook,  Ypsilanti ;  Gustavus  L.  Foster,  Ypsilanti  ;  Harvey  Grattan,  Matherton  ;  Hiram  Hamilton,  Wyno- 
na  ;  J.  H.  Hard,  Lament;  James  k.  Hawley,  Jackson  ;  Riley  J.  Hess,  Grandville  ;  T.  C.  Hill,  Kalamazoo  ; 
Oramel  Hosford,  Olivet ;  Deodat  Jeffers,  Kalamazoo;  Haz.ael  Luca-;,  Newaygo;  Stephen  Ma.sou,  Marshall; 
Henry  C.  Mor.se,  Union  City  ;  N.  J.  Morrison.  Rochester;  Rufus  Nutting,  Lodi  ;  William  H.  0.sborn,  Brady  ; 
Roswell  Parker,  Adams  ;  John  D.  Pierce,  Ypsilanti ;  Herbert  A.  Reea,  Marshall ;  Luther  Sha  ■,  Romeo  ; 
George  N.  Smith,  Traverse  City  ;  Alansou  St.  Clair.  Muskegon  ;  John  R.  Stephenson,  Lawrence  ;  Talmadge 
Waterbury,  Port  Sanilac  ;  Elkanah  Whitney,  New  Baltimore  ;  William  Wolcott,  Kalamazoo. — 35. 

The  churches  above  mentioned,  with  the  ministers,  are  connected  with  the  General  Association  op 
Michigan,  through  seven  local  associations,  viz :  Eastern  (conference,)  Genesee,  Grand  River,  Jackson,  Kala- 
mazoo, Marshall  and  Southern  Michigan. 


Wise  ON  SIX. 


[Reported  to  Aug.  1, 1859.] 


Albany, 

Allen's  Grove, 

Alto, 

Appleton, 

Aurora, 

Avoca, 

Bangor, 

Baraboo, 

Back  River.  Welsh, 

reorganized  1859 
Barre, 
Bee  Town, 
Beloit, 
Black  Earth, 
Black  River  Falls, 
Blake's  Prairie. 
Blue  Mound,  VVelsh, 
Eonar  Branch, 
Boscobel, 
Bristol, 
Brodhead, 
Brookfield, 
Burlington, 

Burns,  1859 

Caergybi,  Welsh, 
Caledonia, 
Cambria,  Welsh,  reor.  1859 


J.  Jamison,  s.s. 
N.  D.  Graves,  p. 
Hiram  H.  Dixon,  s.s. 
Franklin  B.  Doe,  s.s. 
Robert  Everdell,     No  report. 

A.  A   Overton,  s.s. 

B.  S.  Baxter,  s.s.     No  report. 
Vacant. 

David  Jones,  s.s.     No  report. 
Edward  Brown,  s.s. 

Vacant.  No  report. 

H.  N.  Brinsmade,  d.d., 
A.  S.  Allen,  s.s. 
Warren  Bigelow,  s.s. 
Alvin  M.  Di.Kon,  p. 
David  Lewis,  p. 
S.  A.  McEwen,  s.s. 
A.  A.  Overton,  s.s. 

A'acant. 

Vacant. 


P.  C.  Pettibone,  p. 
B.  S.  Baxter,  s.s. 

James  Hall,  s.s. 


No  report. 
No  report. 


.31 

2 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

^ 

^• 

160 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0  32 

0 

82 

0 

2 

•- 

o 

27 

0 

6 

9 

15 

1 

3 

0 

4 

4 

5 

^'• 

101 

8 

2 

6 

8 

1 

4 

1 

6 

2 

8 

,* 

^ 

13 

0 

0 

6 

6 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

45 

34 

2 

0 

2 

1 

5 

2 

8 

0 

8 

17 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

,344 

4 

17 

21 

5 

29 

0 

84 

1 

8 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

S3 

0 

15 

6 

21 

2 

3 

1 

6 

3 

5 

83 

3 

9 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

8 

0 

8 

19 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

() 

8 

15 

1 

1 

2 

3 

0 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

48 

8 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

53 

4 

1 

3 

4 

0 

4 

0 

4 

1 

4 

22 

6 

I 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

75 

1 

30 

8 

38 

0 

3 

0 

3 

10 

6 

18 

0 

2 

16 

18 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

75 

70 
100 
125 

53 

15 

50 

400 
65 
25 
25 
80 
25 
65 
50 
60 
0 
50 
45 

65 


128 


Statistics. —  Wisconsin. 


[Jan. 


CHURCHES. 


Place  and  Name.      Org. 


Name. 


Center, 

Chester, 

Clinton, 

Coed,  Welsh  eh. 

Darliugtm, 

Dartford, 

Delafield,  Welsh  ch. 

Delavau, 

De  Soto, 

Dodgeville,  Welsh  ch. 

Dover, 

East  Ithaca, 

East  Troy, 

Eau  Claire, 

Elk  Grove, 

Elk  Horn, 

Emerald  Grove, 

Emmet, 

Empire, 

Evansville, 

Fond  du  Lac,  1st  ch., 

"     Plymouth  ch. 
Fort  Atkinson, 
Fort  Howard, 
Fox  Lake, 
Fulton, 
Genesee, 
Genoa, 
Green  Lake, 
Hammond, 
Hartford, 
Hartland, 
Hortonville, 
Hudson, 
Hustisford, 
Ixonia,  Welsh  ch. 
Janesville, 
Johtictown, 
Kenosha, 
Kilbourn  City, 
Koskonong, 
La  Crosse, 
Lafayette, 
Lake  Mills, 
Lancaster, 
Leon , 

Liberty,  Salem  ch. 
Lowell, 
Lyndon, 
Madison, 

"     Union  ch. 
Magnolia, 
Mafde  Grove, 
Maviston, 
Menasha, 
Middleton, 
Milton, 

Milwaukee,  Ch.  of  Pil 
grims, 

>'     Spring  St. 
"     Plymouth  ch. 
"     AVelsh  ch. 
]\Ionroe, 
Mukwonago, 
Necedah, 
Neenah, 
New  Lisbon, 
New  London, 
Newport, 
Nora, 

North  La  CroBse, 
Oakhcld, 
Oak  Grove, 
Oconoraowoc, 
Oshkosh, 

"     Welsh, 
Onalaska, 
Ottawa, 
Paris, 
Pev\aukee, 


E.  Bascoui.  1-  s. 

Janifs  \\ .  Perkins,  s  s. 
18r)8  W.  H.  Bernard,  s.s. 

A'o  report. 

Edward  Morris, 

Hiram  Freeiii.an,  s  S. 

Griffith  Griffiths,  s.s. 

J.CoUie,  p. 
Vai'ant. 

Evan  Owens,  s.s. 

A.  S.  Allen,  s  s. 
1859  Daniel  T.  Noves,  s.s. 

Miles  Doolittle,  s  8. 

A.  Kidder,  s  s. 

Calvin  Warner,  p. 

L.  H.  Johnson,  s.s. 

0.  F.  Curtis,  p. 

R.  Williams,  p. 
Nearly  extinct. 

C.  M.  Morehouse, 
Vacant. 

William  L.  Mather,  p. 

D.  C.  Curtis,  B.8. 
No  public  services. 

G.  L.  Tucker,  s.s. 
F.  G.  ^^liemll.s.s. 
W.  J.  Monti'ith,  s.s. 
C.  C.  Cadwell,  s.s. 
Henry  M.  Chapin,  s  s. 

No  report. 
Anson  Clark,  s  s. 
George  W.  I'ottrell,  s.s. 
Stephen  D.  Peet,  s.s. 

No  report 
Vacant. 


1859 


H.  Lyman,  s.s. 

William  C.  Dickinson,  p. 

Vacant. 
S.  S.  Bicknell,  s.s. 
N.  C.  Chapin,  s.s. 
A.  Sedgewick, 
E.  D   Seward,  S.S. 
Hector  Maiben,  s.s. 
Robert  Everdell.  S.s. 
.Joseph  H.  Payne,  s  s. 
C.  B.  Donaldson,  s.s. 
James  Jenkins,  s  s. 

Vacant.  No  report 

N.  H.  Eggleston,p.       " 
C.  M.  Morehouse,  s.s. 

Milton  Wells,  s.s. 
Henry  A.  Miner,  p. 
A.  S.  Allen,  s.s. 
S.  S.  Bkknell,  S.S. 

Samuel  Day.  s.s. 
William  De  Loss  Love,  p. 

Vacant. 
John  P.  Jones,  p. 
S.  E.  Miner,  s.s. 

Vacant. 
Milton  W  ells,  s.s. 
.1.  Evarts  Pond,  p. 
Milton  Wells,  s.s. 
Stephen  D.  Peet,  S.8. 

Vacant. 


1859 


18.59 
1859 


Edward  Brown,  s.s. 
David  I'inUerton,  s.s. 
II.  M.  Parinelee,  s.s. 
Timothy  Willistim,  s.s. 
William  H.  Marble,  p. 
John  D.ivis,  s.s. 
Edward  Brown,  S.s. 
David  Jones,  s.s.     No  report 
Lucius  Foote,  s.s. 
George  W.  Cottrell,  s.s. 


I860.] 


Statistics. —  Wisconsin. 


129 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

ADDIT'NB. 

REMOVALS.   1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHUKCnES. 

MINISTERS. 

Aug.  1,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9 

•  1 

1858-9.  3 

•a 

ij 

c 

^^ 

£ 

i 

ij 

*^ 

0 

0 

ta 

Place  acd  Name.       Org 

Name.           Com. 

a 

a 

-< 

H 

O 

1 

< 

v5 

3 

Q 

1 
5 

» 

H 

0 

•a 

a 

■< 

I'ike  Grr  ve, 

Evan  (irifiirhs,  p. 

.Wi 

»; 

38 

0 

2|  2 

4, 

0 

8" 

2 

10 

1 

2 

25 

I'latteville, 

.Tohn  Lewis,  p. 

!• 

c 

162 

48 

3    1 

4! 

0 

5 

0 

5 

2 

2 

150 

Pleasant  Prairie, 

Francis  Lawson,  s.s. 

«- 

22 

5 

4    4 

8 

0 

10 

0 

10 

2 

0 

120 

"     Williams  ch.        1859 

I'ertius  D.  Southworth, 

o 

o 

21 

021 

21I 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Plymou'h, 

.Tosep's  Morton,  d.  Sep.  15,'59 

fe; 

fe; 

34 

2 

3 

0 

3| 

0 

5 

4 

9 

1 

0 

85 

Prairie  du  Chien, 

I,.  L   Radcliffe, 

23 

3 

1 

1 

2I 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

1 

40 

Prairie  du  Sac, 

H.  Hutchens,  s.s.                  -g 

34 

4 

1 

5 

6, 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

5 

70 

Prescott, 

c 
Norman  Miller,  s.s.               Si; 

Princeton, 

;  31 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

40 

Quincy, 

Vacant.                               ^o 

14 

2 

1 

2 

•  3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

30 

liacine, 

Martin  P.  Kinney,  p.           < 

98 

8 

4 

2 

6; 

0 

2 

0 

2 

1 

12 

140 

"     \Ve)sh, 

Evan  Griffiths,  p. 

98 

0 

9il2 

21 

0 

24 

0 

24 

0 

17 

80 

RaytDond, 

.lohn  15.  L.  Soule,  B.8. 

44 

0 

3 

1 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

55 

Keedsburg, 

S   A.  Dwinnell.  p. 

58 

4 

10 

5 

15' 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

10 

35 

Kicliford, 

Daniel  A.  Campbell,  s.s. 

29 

0 

14 

3 

17 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

0 

80 

Kichmond, 

C   C.  Cadwell,  s.s. 

32 

1 

1 

4 

5 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

40 

Ridgeway,  Welsh, 

David  Lewis, 

56 

1 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

6 

60 

RipoD, 

Uoratio  Vi'.  Biown,  s.s. 

150 

8 

0 

2 

2 

1 

4 

0 

5 

0 

2 

100 

River  Falls, 

1 

Koch  a  Cree, 

Vacant. 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0' 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

30 

Jtochesler, 

J.  D.  Stevens,  s.s. 

30 

7 

2:  0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

40 

RnikTil!e, 

Klisha  M.  Lewis,  s  s. 

10 

0 

2 

1 

3 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

40 

Rosenilale, 

Lsaao  N.  Cundatl,  p. 

100 

2 

0 

1 

1| 

2 

4 

0 

6 

2 

2 1125 

"     Welsh, 

Nn  report 

Paxviile, 

Kobert  Everdell,  g.s. 

21 

2 

1 

1 

2' 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

50 

Sheboygan, 

Charles  W.  Camp,  p. 

06 

20 

1  4 

6 

10, 

1 

5 

0 

6 

2 

3 

100 

"     Falls, 

■Tohn  T   Marsh,  s.s. 

75 

11 

10 

3 

13' 

0 

3 

1 

4 

3 

1 

30 

Shopiere, 

W.  H.  Bernard,  s.s. 

126 

6 

27 

7 

34' 

2 

6 

0 

8 

12 

2 

100 

ShiiUshurg, 

.lohn  Reynard,  s.s. 

45 

0 

11  2 

31  1 

3 

0 

4 

0 

3 

30 

Sparia, 

Philo  Canfield,  p. 

78 

0 

;2ii 

13 

0 

5 

0 

5 

1 

1 

75 

.Spiii;g  Green  Village,  1857 

Vacant. 

57 

1 

•' 

1 

7! 

4 

1 

0 

5 

0 

3 

100 

1859 

Daniel  T.  Noyes,  s.s. 

12 

0 

'  9 

10 

12 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

30 

Spring  Prairie, 

Vacant. 

15 

0 

!  0 

0 

0: 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Slockbridge, 

Orson  P.  Clinton,  s.s. 

60 

49 

i  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

25 

Sun  Prairie, 

C.  AV.  Mathews, 

29 

8 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

25 

Taycheerlah, 

Nnjrly  extinct. 

15 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Trenipeleau, 

.} .  M.  Hayes,  s.s. 

18 

0 

2 

2 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

37 

Troy, 

A.  Sedgewick, 

21 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

'Jwo  Rivers, 

H.  B.  Pit-rpont,  s.s. 

38 

5 

0 

0 

0, 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

50 

Vjroqua, 

Gould  C.  Judson,  s.s. 

15 

0 

0 

1 

1' 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

60 

Waterfcrd, 

J.  D.  Stevens,  s.s. 

16 

0 

0 

0 

0; 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    35 

Waterloo, 

William  Drumniond,  s.s. 

14 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

16 

0 

16 

0 

0    30 

AVatertonn, 

AV.  A.  Niles,  Pres.,  s.s. 

84 

4 

0 

9 

9 

0 

6 

0 

6 

0 

6 

400 

AVaukeslia, 

Hiram  Foote,  s.s. 

100 

0 

2 

2 

1 

8 

0 

9 

0 

0 

100 

AVaupun, 

Homer  H.  Benson,  s.s. 

77 

0 

11 

10 

21 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

11 

125 

AVautouia, 

Alfred  C.  Lathrop,  s.s. 

30 

3 

1210 

22 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

4 

50 

AVauwatosa, 

Luther  Clapp,  p. 

80 

2 

2'  0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

3 

112 

Welsh  Prairie,  Welsh, 

No  report. 

1 

1 

Westfieid, 

James  W.  Perkins,  s.s. 

16 

0 

21  4 

6 

0 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

60 

Whitewater, 

E.  G.  Miner,  s.s. 

168 

26 

10!  32 

42' 

0 

3 

1 

4 

2 

3 150 

■Wilmot, 

Joseph  H.  Payne,  s.s. 

17 

3 

0    2i     2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

50 

AVindsor,  Union  ch. 

A'acant. 

35 

3    0 

3, 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Wyalusing, 

Vacant.                Ko  report. 

Wyocena, 

S.  U.  Barteau   s.s. 

58 

5 

7    0 

7| 

0 

3 

0 

3 

5 

0 

75 

Wyoiniug  Valley, 

Richard  Ha.ssell,  s.s. 

55 

5 

2    2 

4' 

1 

1 

10 

12 

0 

2|  55 

Chhs.  specified  but  not  rep 

orted — from  previous  reports, 

562 

1 

Summary. — Churches,  160  ;   Ministers.  97;    Church   members, — ....  Males Females;    Total,  7,066, 

including  761  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,-466  by  profession,  491  by  letter ;  Total,  957.  Re- 
movals in  1858-9,-55  by  death,  451  by  dismissal,  100  by  excommunication;  Total,  606.  Baptisms, — 130 
Adulr,  312  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  9,362. 

Most  of  these  churches,  excepting  four  from  the  General  Association  of  Minnesota,  are  connected  with  the 
Presbiterian  and  CoNyRE0.4TiONAL  CONVENTION  OF  AViscoNSiN,— a  body  embracing  141  Congregational, 
and  24  Presbyterian,  churches — through  seven  District  Conventions,  viz.,  Beloit,  La  Crosse,  Lemonwier, 
Madison,  Milwaukee,  Mineral  Point,  and  Winnebago.  The  Congregational  churches  are  strictly  Congrega- 
tional in  Church  government.  The  Presbyterian  churches  follow  the  Book  of  Discipline  ;  have  Elders,  and 
are  amenable  to  the  District  Convention  as  to  a  Presbytery,  and  can  appeal  to  the  General  Convention,  which 
sustains  to  them  the  relation  of  a  Synod.  The  principal  Presbyterian  quality,  visible  in  the  Statistics  as 
printed  by  the  Convention,  is  their  miserable  plan  of  having  the  cluirckes  follow  an  alphabetical  list  of  min- 
isters, instead  of  ministers  being  attached  to  an  alphabetical  list  of  churches  ;  by  which  there  results  "  con- 
fusion worse  confounded."  Among  their  other  information  is  that  of  "  stated  hearers,"  which  sums  up 
21,345  ;  students  for  the  ministry,  23 ;  and  benevolent  Contributions,  147  churches  reporting  $9,726,04, — of 
which  21  Presbyterian  churches  reported  $1,037,47. 

The  Presbyterian  churches,  so  connected,  are,  of  course,  not  included  by  any  Presbyterian  General  Assem- 
bly,   Their  Statistics  are  as  follows  : 


130 


Statistics. — loiva. 


[Jan. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ks. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

Aug.  1, 1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  3 

PRESBrTERIAN 

MINISTERS. 

. 

. ^ 

— . 

,, « — 

, 

^^—^ 

o 

CHURCHES. 

i 

^ 

. 

a 

"3 

►J 

c: 

u 

■i 

S3 

d    1 

li 

.u 

p 

CO 

Place  and  Name.       Org. 

Name.           Com. 

"3 

§ 

< 
o 

1 

^ 

< 
o 

1 

a  g 
•1^ 

s 

< 

■2 
c 

en 

Beaver  Dam, 

—■ 

~ 

171 

0 

6 

9 

15 

0 

26 

0 

25 

1    3 

~Tll55 

Buena  Vista, 

|. 

a. 

27 

2 

] 

3 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

85 

Dayton, 

13 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

!    0 

0 

20 

Delafield, 

Griffith  Griffiths,  s.a. 

ja 

/3 

9 

0 

2 

3 

5 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

44 

DodgeTille, 

K.  H.  Williamson,  s.s. 

teq 

te; 

37 

16 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

1    0 

3 

75 

Fairplay, 

M'illiani  Stoddart,  B.s. 

31 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

4 

80 

Genera, 

K.  Morgan,  s.s. 

152 

0 

12 

10 

22 

2 

3 

0 

5 

4 

4 

95 

Green  Bay, 

126 

0 

0 

4 

4 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

5 

40 

Hazel  Greeu, 

J.  Longhum,  s.s. 

14 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

6 

0 

7 

0 

0 

30 

Hebron, 

William  Downs,  s.s. 

50 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

40 

Meuekaune, 

John  W.  Donaldson,  s.s. 

12 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

Mineral  Point, 

Charles  Boynton,  s.s. 

65 

20 

2 

3 

5 

0 

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

90 

Monticello, 

John  r.eynard,  s.s. 

30 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

3 

0 

0 

25 

Oconto, 

John  AV.  Donaldson,  s.s. 

9 

1 

4 

5 

9 

oi  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

25 

Orion, 

Arthur  D.  Laughlin,  p. 

19 

9 

0 

0 

0 

11  2|  0 

S 

0 

0 

40 

Palmyra, 

48 

10 

0 

2 

2 

0 

5!  0 

5 

0 

2  125 

Pleasant  Hill, 

Arthur  D.  Laughlin,  p. 

46 

0 

5 

6 

11 

1 

0    0 

1 

4 

21    35 

Potosi, 

Klisha  M.  Lewis,  s.s. 

31 

7 

4 

7 

11 

0 

Ol  0 

0 

2 

3    80 

P>acine, 

224 

5 

2;12 

14 

s 

28!  0 

31 

1 

0  220 

Somers, 

John  Gridley,  s.s. 

54 

4 

0|  1 

1' 

0 

3 

1 

4 

0 

7 

50 

Stone  Bank,  Newberg, 

James  Conly,  s.s. 

28 

0; 

141  1 

15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

50 

Stoughton, 

R.  Sewall,  s.s. 

30 

o! 

11  5 

6 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

5 

35 

Sutnmit, 

Enf)S  James  Montague,  p. 

58 

6 

6 

8 

14; 

0 

5 

1 

6 

1 

1 

90 

Wauliun, 

T.  A.  Amerman,  s.s. 

15 

2 

4 

0 

4' 
j 

0 

4 

0 

4 

J_ 

0 

0 

Total.  24  Churches. 

Ministers,  16. 

; 

299 

83 '67 

81 

148 

13  99 

± 

116 

28 

65 

1529 

Other  Ministers.— (Unable  to  distingui.«h,  in  several  in.stances,  the  Congregationali.ets  from  Presbyterians, 
in  the  list  of  Convention  ministers,  we  insert  all,  except  such  as  are  found  in  the  lists  of  the  Old  or  New 
School  As^:emblies  ;  the  small  number  thus  gained  is  doubtless  more  than  counterbalanced  by  Cougregation- 
alists  unknown  to  us  or  settled  over  Presbyterian  churches.)  Henry  Avery.  Steven's  Point;  Willi.am  F. 
Avery,  Tomah  ;  N.  A.  Baldwin,  Fond  du  Lac;  Charles  A.  Boavdman,  Monroe;  Dexter  Clary,  Beloit  ; 
"Warren  Cochran,  Brodhead  ;  Samuel  D.  Parling,  Brookfield  ;  John  Davies.  Spring  Green;  Warren  Day, 
Wauwatosa  ;  Horatio  Foote,  AVaukesha  ;  L.  Foote,  Union  Grove  ;  Benjamin  K.  Hale,  Bck>it  ;  J.  A.  Hart, 
Agent  of  Walworth  Seminary,  Genoa  ;  Henry  Hutchius,  Prairie  du  Sac  ;  Francis  A.  .Janes,  Tomah  ;  David 
Jones,  Sullivan  ;  David  Lewis,  Ridgeway  ;  Theron  Loomis,  Raymond ;  Ilirani  Marsh,  Neenah  ;  D.  McPherson, 
Raymond  ;  M.  Montague,  Principal  of  Seminary,  Allen's  Grove  ;  Richard  Morris,  Allen's  Grove  ;  J.  A.  Nor- 
thrup,  Clynian  ;  Philo  C.  Pettibone,  Biirlington  ;  William  Porter,  Prof,  in  Coll.,  Beloit ;  L.  Rogers,  Wal- 
worth ;  E.  D.  Seward,  Lake  Mills  ;  John  C.  Sherwin,  Agent  A.  H.  M.  Soc,  La  Crosse  ;  Roswell  R.  Snow,  Wa- 
terford  ;  George  Spauldiug,  H.ammond  :  Moses  C.  Stanley,  p.  of  Pres.  ch.,  Manitowoc  ;  Jeremiah  AV.  Walcott, 
Agent  of  Brockway  Coll.,  Ripon.— 32. 


IOWA, 


[Reported  to  May  1,  1859.] 


Adams, 

Alden, 

Algona, 

Aim  oral, 

Anamosa, 

Belle  View, 

Bentonsport, 

Big  Rock, 

Bowen's  Praiiie, 

Bradford, 

Brighton, 

Brookfield, 

Buffalo  Grove, 

Burlington, 

Burr  Oak, 

Eutlerville, 

Cascade, 

Cass. 

Cedar  Rapids, 

Center  Grove, 

Central  City, 

Chapin, 

Clay, 

Clear  Lake, 

Colesburg, 

Columbus  City, 

Concord, 

Copper  Creek, 

Cottonville, 

Council  Bluffs, 

Crawford,  liethel  ch. 

Crawfordsville, 

Danville, 

Davenport, 


1858 
1857 
1846 
1847 
1843 
1856 
1853 
1855 
1841 
1858 
1857 
1838 
1859 

1844 
1856 
1857 


George  Gemmell, 

Chauncey  Taylor, 
James  II.  Kas.-^on.  1858 

Samuel  A.  Benton,  1856 

Thomas  H.  Canfield,  p.  1856 


Samuel  N.  Grout, 


P.amuel  Ilemenway, 
William  A.  Keithj^ 
Isaac  Russell, 
William  Salter,  p. 


1856 


1858 
1857 
1857 
1846 


No  report. 

Cornelius  S.  Cady,  1858 

No  report. 

1858 


Albert  Manson, 
1858  William  P.  Avery, 
1844  Robert  Hunter, 

Thomas  N.  Skinner, 


1846 
1846 

1854 
1841 

1853 
1859 
1842 
1839 
1830 


1855 


1857 
1856 


Darius  E.  Jones,  p. 

Ozias  Lirtlefield, 
Thomas  II.  Canfield, 


Nn  TQpnrt. 
David  Knowles,  1858 

Aaron  L.  Leonard,  1856 

George  F.  Magoun,  p.     1855 


9 

3'     3,1 

3 

18 

~ 

6 

CJ 

5 

6 

11 

2 

2 

23 

26 

49 

,o 

9 

5 

14 

1 

1 

2 

5 

5 

8 

23 

31 

< 

5 

5 

2 

1 

3 

3 

18 

27 

45 

6 

4 

10 

1 

1 

2 

6 

8 

14 

28 

1 

1 

1 

9 

17 

26 

3 

3 

2 

n 

25 

36 

;j 

3 

1 

29 

11 

n 

2 

2 

3 

4 

35 

60 

109 

169 

4 

4 

8 

3 

16 

19, 

1 

8 

11 

12 

23 

9 
25 

23 
12 
13 

2 
6 

2 
6 

4 

12 

1 

3 

1 
1 

28 

32 

60 

9 

9 

3 

3 

2 

0 

3 

3 

6 
27 

15 

24 

39 
10 

6 

5 

11 

1 

2 

3 

2 

5 

13 

18 
21 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 
1 

1 

3 

14 

17 

2 

''\ 

33 

35 

68 

14 

7 

21 

2 

1 

3 

7 

7 

40 

31 

81 

31 

6 

37' 

1 

1 

10 

1 

86 

13i 

220 

21 

9 

30 

4 

22 

4 

30! 

2 

13 

225 
30 

50 

40 
25 
50 

85 


I860.] 


StatisUcs. — loiva. 


131 


can.  MEMBERS. 

ADDIT'NS.  I    KtiMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CnUROHES. 

MINISTTERS. 

Mayl 

,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.  2 

^~       1    0 

_» 

i4 

c 

t 

ij 

s 

a 

>j 

Infant,    j 
Sab.  Scho 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

i 

< 

o 
u 

o 

H 

1 

g 
a 

< 

H 
0 

"3 
■a 

Davenport,  German 

B.    '571Abraham  Frowein, 

1856 

9 

13 

22 

] 

1 

5 

2 

8 

9    22 

Decorah, 

18.54 

Ephraim  Adams, 

1857 

14 

31 

45 

■^ 

4 

4 

8 

3 

4 

2 

1    50 

D^lhi. 

1855 

Benjamin  M.  Amsden, 

.1858 

10 

1 

Denmark, 

1838 

A.sa  Turner,  p. 

1838 

85 

129 

214 

22  12 

34' 

2 

6 

3 

11 

1 

4  150 

Des  Moines, 

10 

13 

23 

o 

1 

1 

45 

De  AVitt, 

1842 

John  Van  Antwerp, 

1857 

15 

23 

38 

fe; 

7 

2 

9i 

Dubuque, 

1839 

John  C.  Holbrook,  p. 

1842 

115 

144 

259 

6 

6' 

2 

26 

28 

200 

Durango, 

1848 

26 

1 

Durant. 

185(5 

ErastuR  Ripley, 

1859 

29 

1 

1; 

35 

Eddyvillo, 

1845 

Alvau  D.  French,  p. 

1856 

8 

24 

32 

1 

2 

■3 

2 

2 

4 

60 

Elkader, 

18.55 

2 

10 

12 

2 

2: 

1 

1 

2 

30 

Kik.  Creek, 

1851 

No  report. 

Elk  River, 

18.34 

George  Butterfield, 

1857 

11 

14 

25 

5 

5 

10 

1 

1 

2 

3 

50 

Ellis, 

No  report. 

Exira. 

11 

Fairfield, 

Reed  Wilkinson, 

1856 

14 

25 

39 

2 

2 

1 

1 

61 

Farmersburg, 

13 

16 

29 

8 

5 

13, 

1 

1 

2 

2 

30 

'•     Germaa  ch. 

1858 

.Tohn  Kilian, 

1858 

21 

16 

37 

Farmington, 

1840 

Harvey  Adams, 

1843 

19 

33 

52 

1 

1 

3 

6 

9 

5 

75 

Favftte, 

1854 

S.  Huibert, 

8 

8 

16 

Flint, 

Thomas  W.  Evans, 

1857 

121  10 

22 

2 

2' 

3 

S 

3    60 

Florence, 

1850 

3      4 

7 

Floyd, 

1859 

No  report. 

Forestville, 

1857 

19 

2 

1 

3, 

1 

1 

35 

Fort  Dodge, 

William  Kent. 

9 

j 

Franklin, 

1858  Charles  H.  Gates, 

18.57 

17 

10 

27 

6 

21 

2'i 

3 

2 

22 

Garnavillo, 

18)4i Luther  P.  Matthews, 

1855 

14 

31 

45 

1 

4 

5> 

1 

5 

6 

5 

•'     German  ch. 

1848 

6 

6 

12 

40 

Genoa  Bluffs, 

William  P.  Gale, 

1856 

8      4 

12 

4 

4' 

75 

tUasgow, 

1853  Joseph  R.  Kennedy, 

1858 

36 

23 

1 

24 

9 

30 

Glenwood, 

3 

6 

9 

2 

55 

Gr.mdview,  Ger.  ch. 

1857  Henry  Langpaap, 

16 

15 

31 

20 

Granger, 

18-59 

No  report. 

Green  Mountain, 

1857 

21 

3 

2 

5 

1 

40 

Grinnell, 

1855 

132 

20 

9 

29 

5 

7 

130 

Hampton, 

1858 

William  P.  Avery, 

7 

Uillsboro", 

1853 

Joseph  R.  Ivennedy, 

1858 

16   23 

39 

18 

2 

20 

2 

2 

4 

8 

50 

Inland, 

No  report. 

Iowa  Citj', 

1853 

20 

28 

48 

10 

15 

25 

1 

16 

17 

8 

4 

40 

losva  Falls, 

No  report. 

Irving, 

1858 

George  H.  Woodward, 

1 

11 

40 

Jefferson, 

1851 

Elijali  P.  Smith, 

3     9 

12 

Keokuk, 

1854 

Vacant. 

42    68 

108 

27 

20 

47 

6 

6 

10 

160 

Keosauqua, 

1844 

J.  Drozier  Sands, 

1856 

26    49 

75 

15 

5 

20 

9 

1 

10 

5 

14 

95 

Knox  vide, 

1852  0z:'O  French, 

1856 

5      9 

14 

3 

3 

6j 

0 

2 

0 

2 

50 

Lancasti-r, 

No  repn-t. 

Lansing, 

1853  George  Bent, 

1858 

8    15 

23 

2 

4 

6; 

1 

5 

1 

7 

4 

2 

Le  Claire, 

1849  Daniel  N.  Bordwell,  p. 

1859 

8    10 

18 

10 

10: 

45 

Lewis, 

18.55  George  B.  Hitchcock, 

18.53 

261  30 

53 

4 

3 

7 

1 

2 

3 

8 

50 

Long  Creek, 

1846  Thomas  W.  Evans, 

1853 

14    16 

80 

2 

2' 

4 

4 

4 

65 

Lucas  Grove, 

18.58  Alden  B.  Robbins, 

10 '   14 

24 

4 

4' 

2 

2 

1 

Lyons, 

1839  Lorenzo  J.  Wliite, 

1857 

39 1  68 

107 

18 

14 

32 

5 

5 

10 

2 

112 

Mag'iolia, 

1855  Henry  D   King, 

1856 

9 

10 

19 

1 

3 

55 

Manchester, 

1856  Lebbeus  B   Fifield, 

1856 

6 

19 

25 

8 

3 

11' 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Maquoketa, 

1813 

72 

M  irion. 

1848  D.aniel  S.  Dickinson, 

1858- 

22 

33 

55 

8 

12 

20 

5 

5 

4 

70 

Mason  City, 

1858,Tliomas  Tenney, 

29 

10 

10 

McGregor, 

18.57  H.  G.  McArthur, 

1859 

14 

17 

31 

4 

11 

15 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30 

Mitctiell, 

1857]  William  Windsor, 

18.58 

11 

18 

29 

9 

10 

19 

1 

1 

Monona, 

1847 .David  B.  Davidson, 

18.55 

10 

12 

22 

4 

6 

10 

3 

3 

143 

Mt.  Pleasant, 

1841  Andrew  J.  Drake, 

18.59 

26;  33 

59 

27 

6 

33 

1 

23 

2 

26 

10 

3 

85 

Muscatine, 

1843  Alden  B   Robbins,  p. 

1843 

691  87 

1.56 

14 

4 

18, 

1 

6 

7 

5 

8 

180 

"     German  ch. 

1854  C.  Frederick  A'eitz, 

1852 

15 

14 

29 

7 

7, 

3 

1 

4 

10 

20 

Nevin, 

18581 

29 

5  24 

29 

New  Hampton, 

18.581 

8 

50 

New  Liberty, 

1858  Samuel  N.  Grant, 

1856 

7 

11 

18 

1 

1 

1 

80 

Newton, 

185(5;Enoch  N.  Bartlett, 

18.58 

51 

18 

7 

25 

5 

4 

75 

Nottingham, 

18.59, Hiram  N.  Gates, 

1856 

4 

4 

8 

2 

6 

8 

20 

Old  Man's  Creek,  Wei.    '46;M.  M.  Jones,  No  report 

.1856 

1 

Onawa, 

1856 

George  G.  Rice, 

1858 

6    11 

17 

9 

9' 

20 

Oregon  Grove, 

18.56 

John  W.  Windsor, 

1856 

10    18 

28 

6 

1 

7 

3 

1 

Osage, 

1858 

William  J.  Smith, 

1858 

71  14 

21 

4 

17 

21 

5 

30 

Oskaloosa, 

1844 

William  A.  AVestervelt, 

1854 

12    14 

26 

1 

4 

5 

2 

2 

50 

Otho, 

William  Kent, 

10 

Ottumwa, 

1846 

B.  Adams  Spaulding,  p 

.1843 

8    25 

33 

2 

5 

7 

2 

2 

2 

75 

Fella, 

Abram  V.  Baldwin, 

1858 

61    5 

11 

Pine  Creek,  Ger.  ch. 

1858 

Henry  Langpaap, 

8     4 

12 

3 

3 

1 

12 

Pleasantville, 

1851 

Ozro  French, 

1859 

7    11 

18 

2 

3 

1 

6 

25 

Polk  City, 

J.  K.  Nutting, 

1858 

I'ostville, 

1856 

No  report. 

50 

132 


Statidics. — Kansas. 


[Jan. 


cuu 

.  MEMBERS.  I'ADmT'NS.I 

REMOVALS.    1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

May  1 

1859. 

1858-9.  1 

1858-9 

. 

1858-9.   2 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

o 

OJ 

A 

'1 

o 

ta 

o 

li 

gi 

c 

1-3 

J3     _• 

fi 

1-3  ' 

*j 

■^ 

cc 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Name. 

Com. 

1 

E 

< 

o 

•°  1 

U 

s 

2 

1.1     1 

C  IQ    » 

ii 

"3 

rs 

< 

o 

< 

Quasqueton, 

1854 

ISeiinet  Koherts, 

~T8^ 

63,   ~ 

~2 

6 

8 

1 

3 

4 

70 

Red  lloek, 

1851 

Abraui  V.  Baldwin, 

1859 

10 

g. 

1 

Kock  Creek, 

3 

8 

11 

3 

3 

1 

1 

25 

Kockfoni, 

1857 

Samuel  V.  I.a  Dow, 

1857 

'16 

21 

37 

5 

5 

1 

1 

25 

Kock  Grove, 

1857 

u                u 

8 

7 

15 

^ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

35 

Sabula, 

1845 

Aimer  Harper,  p. 

1855 

17 

39 

56 

2 

2 

4 

4 

1 

50 

Salem , 

1853 

.Toseph  Tt.  Kennedy, 

1858 

16 

21 

37 

8 

6 

14 

3 

3 

5 

60 

Saratoga, 

1858 

5 

8 

13 

25 

Shell  Kock, 

1856 

Thomas  Tonncy, 

1855 

13 

Sherrold's  Mount,  G 

er- 

man  ch. 

1849 

Siegmund  UhlfeiJer, 

1859 

30 

Sioux  City, 

6 

5 

11 

8 

8 

Sloperville, 

Daniel  Lane, 

4 

9 

13 

3 

3 

6 

2 

50 

Stacyville, 

1857 

William  L.  Coleman, 

1856 

20 

23 

43 

7 

7 

1 

1 

9 

St.  Charles  City, 

1858 

John  H.  Windsor, 

1858 

5 

6 

11 

4 

4 

1 

'    1 

02 

Sterling, 

Aimer  Ilnrper, 

9 

16 

25 

1 

1 

Tabor, 

1852 

John  Todd, 

1852 

60 

66 

116 

4 

18 

22 

2 

2 

2 

80 

Tipton, 

1844 

Moses  K.  Cross, 

1855 

30 

50 

80 

1 

6 

7 

2 

6 

4 

12 

4 

60 

Tivoli, 

1851 

4 

i 

Tok'Uo, 

1854 

George  II.  Woodward, 

1856 

22 

4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

80 

Twelve  Mile  Creek, 

1850 

.lohn  Jl.  Upton, 

1857 

5 

9 

14 

7 

7 

I 

90 

Valley  Farms, 

George  Gemmell, 

1857 

17 

4 

4 

8 

8 

Wapello, 

1853 

8 

9 

12 

Warren, 

1849 

6 

1 

AV'ashini;ton, 

1855 

Charles  H.  Gates, 

1856 

22 

38 

60 

17 

4 

21 

1 

4 

5 

7 

60 

Waferford, 

1859 

Ozias  Littlefield, 

12 

I 

1 

1 

25 

Waterloo, 

1856 

67 

!  2 

8 

10 

1 

1 

:  50 

Wayne, 

1854 

Elijah  P.  Smith,  p. 

1854 

39 

42 

81 

17 

3 

20 

11 

1 

12 

6 

12 

35 

Webster  City, 

Thomas  N.  Skinner, 

1855 

5 

5 

10 

Westfield, 

No 

report. 

West  Union, 

1854 

S.  Hulbert, 

1859 

9 

15 

24 

Williamsburg, 

1-58 

William  P.  Gale, 

1856 

7 

14 

21 

1 

50 

Wilton, 

18.56 

Edward  P.  Kimball, 

10 

14 

24 

1 

1 

2 

1 

8 

9 

50 

York, 

1848 

Alpheus  Graves, 

1854 

43 

2 

4 

6 

3 

1 

4 

2 

60 

Chhs.  specified  but  not  reported— from  previous  report-i. 

210 

1 

Summary.— Churches,  147 ;  Ministers,  78  ;  Church  members,— 1,538  Males,  2.234  Females ;  Total,  5.060, 
including  . . .  absentees.  Additions  in  1858-9,  544  by  profe.ssion,  434  by  letter ;  Total,  978.  Uemovals 
in  1858-9, — 43  by  death,  270  by  dismissal,  27  by  excommunication ;  Total,  340.  Baptisms,— 169 
Adult,  198  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  5,069. 

Other  Ministers.- Ethan  0.  Bennett,  Crawfordsville  ;  Elderkim  J.  Boardman,  Birmingham  ;  Henry  L. 
Bullen,  Prof,  in  Coll.,  Davenport ;  Maurice  Carey,  Galesburg  ;  \\'ales  Coe,  Crawfordsville  ;  Joseph  C.  Cooper, 
Salem  ;  Oliver  Emerson,  Wolf  Creek  ;  J.  Bushnell  Griunell,  Grinnell  ;  Jesse  Guern.sey,  Agt.  A.  II.  M.  Soc, 
Dubuque  ;  Homer  Hamlin,  Grinnell ;  Stephen  L.  Herrick,  Grinnell  ;  James  P.  Kimball,  Keokuk  ;  Jonathan 
Kitchell,  Mt.  Pleasant ;  Thomas  S.  La  Due,  Hocliford  ;  Daniel  Lane,  teacher,  Davenport ;  Enoch  Mead,  Dav- 
enport ;  Homer  Penfield,  Quincy  ;  William  Pierce,  Beutonsport ;  Julius  A.  Heed,  Agt.  of  Iowa  Coll.,  Daven- 
port ;  J.  S.  Sa.\by,  Mt.  Vernon  ;  John  C.  Strong,  Bradford ;  John  S.  Whittlesey,  Durant  ;  David  Worcester, 
Sidney  ;  Alfred  Wright,  Quasqueton.— 24. 

The  General  Association  of  Iowa,  which  embraces  most  of  the  above  named  churches,  is  made  up  from 
nine  local  As.sociations,  viz  :  Council  Bluffs,  Davenport,  Denmark,  Des  Moines  Kiver,  Dubuque,  Garnavillo, 
Grinnell,  Mitchell,  and  North  Western.  The  statistics,  as  published  by  that  body,  vary  very  much  in  ar- 
rangement from  those  of  most  other  States,  besides  omitting  "absentees,"  and  "  total  "  to  additions  and 
removals  ;  it  inserts,  however,  a  column  for  donations,  of  which  $3  233  75  are  reported,  from  61  chvuches. 
The  indetiniteness  caused  by  the  blanks  above,  is  seeii  at  a  glance. 

MINNESOTA.     fSoe  end  of  Tables.) 

NEBRASKA.     (See  etui  of  Tables.) 


KANSAS. 


[Reported  to  ?  May  1, 1859.] 


Albany,  18581 

Atchison, 

Bloomington,  1856' 

Brown  Co.,  Union  ch. 

Burlingame, 

Centralia, 

Elwood, 

Emporia, 

Geneva, 

Grasshopper  Falls, 

Hampden, 

Kanwaca,  1856 

Lawrence,  Plymouth  c.  "54 

Tjeavenworth, 

Mairstown, 


John  ir.  Byrd, 
Jonathan  Copeland, 
George  G.  Kice, 
.lames  Brownlee, 
Poole, 


E.  Whitney, 
G.  C  Mor.'^e, 
G.  S.  Northrup, 

Kodney  Paine, 
Jonathan  Copeland, 
Kichard  Cordley, 
.lames  D.  Ligget, 
Jonathan  Copeland, 


10 

R 

18 

l.'^ 

12 

25 

■^ 

17 

1 

18 

0 

0 

V 

0 

^ 

i« 

0 

5 

11 

^ 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

h 

0 

c 

y 

7 

6 

13 

?^ 

5 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

? 

11 

5 

16 
25 

^. 

6 

3 

8 

3 

6 

8 

21 

12 

33 

2 

3 

5 

6 

.'? 

« 

27 

33 

60 

n 

2 

13 

() 

2 

2 

12 

21 

%'^ 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

1 

3 

1 

4 

0 

a 

2. 

25 

25 
25 

60 


30 

100 
25 


I860.] 


Statistics. —  Oregon  ;    California. 


133 


CHS.  MEMBERS. 

addit'ns. 

REMOVALS.    1 

BAPTISMS.    . 

CHnRCHES. 

MIKISTER8. 

May  1, 1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-E 

.     1 

1858-9.  S 

1    2 

-fi  M 

U 

s 

li 

. 

.*^ 

ta 

Place  and  Name. 

Org. 

Nime.           Com. 

"3 

s 

0 

S 

s 

a  (3 

0 
H 

3 
•a 

,2 

Madtiattan, 

18.56|Cliai-lesE.  Blood,                      | 

17 

16    33 

7    0 

7 

0    2 

2 

20 

Jlipleton, 

E.  Strowbrid;!e,                        ' 

20 

Jliuui-ola, 

7 

7 

14 

20 

Sit.  Gilead, 

L.  S.  Adair, 

3 

4 

7 

35 

O.-Jawatomie, 

1856 

" 

8 

13 

21 

1 

0 

7 

1 

0 

1 

46 

Oskaloosa, 

W.  H.  Ward, 

7 

Qiiiiidaro, 

S.  D.  Stori-s, 

10 

3 

13 

4 

1 

5 

1 

0 

1 

50 

Sumner, 

1 

6 

Topeka, 

1856,  Lewis  Bodwell, 

13 

14 

27 

n 

0 

5  j  0,  2 

2 

30 

AValiaunsep, 

Ilaivev  Jones, 

27 

22 

49 

11 

6 

17    3    2 

5 

40 

AVyaudott, 

R.  D.  Parker, 

11 

16 

27 

2 

1 

3!  0    1 

1 

80 

Zuaudale, 

1856 

H.  1'.  Leonard, 

6 

( 

13 

1 
h 

Total,  27  churches, 

20  ministers, 

227I2I9 

517 

73 

11 

84!i  eai 

27 

685 

Other  JIinisters. — S.  Y.  Lum,  Aa;ent  Am.  Home  Mis.'s.  Society,  Lawrence  ;  W.  A.  McColIom,  Manhattan  ; 
Ira  U.  Smith,  Kobin.sou  ;  Oscar  L.  Woodford,  Grasshopper  Falls.— 4. 

The  General  Association  op  Kansas  is  a  Union  of  the  churches.  In  addition  to  the  statistics  given  above, 
the  p«ges  of  the  C'ln^regntictial  Record  report  the  attendance  in  congregations,  21  churches  reporting  an  ag- 
gregate of  1,,')25  :  the  amounts  raised  for  support  of  the  ministry,  13  churches  reporting  .S2,070  ;  the  amounts 
received  from  ttie  Home  Missionary  Society,  14  churches  receiving  $.5,400 ;  and  the  number  of  volumes  ia 
Sabbath  School  Libraries,  15  churches  reporting  4,490  volumes.  They  give  also  the  places  and  times  of  Col- 
lege and  Seminary  graduation,  and  of  ordinations,  of  the  ministers. 

OREGON. 


[Reported 

to' 

Aug  1, 

1859.] 

Albanv, 

1853|Thomas  Condon,  s.s. 

3;      8 

^r 

~2 

"or2 

2    Oi  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

30 

Corvallis, 

18,-.6 

Milton  B.  Starr,  p. 

7 

5 

12 

1|  0 

1 

0    5 

0 

5 

0 

0 

9 

Dalles, 

18.i9 

William  A.  Tenney,  s.s. 

3 

1 

4 

0|  0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

Eola, 

18.58 

Obed  Dickiu.son,  }i  of  time, 

6 

6 

12 

0 

01  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

Forest  Grove, 

1845 

Elkauah  Walker,  s.s. 

30 

26 

56 

1 

3I  9 

12 

1 

0 

0 

1 

3 

7 

40 

Oregon  City, 

1844 

George  H.  Atkinson,  p. 

11 

34,  45 

11 

5:  2 

( 

1 

2 

0 

3 

1 

60 

Portland, 

18.51 

P.  B.  Chambei-lain,  p. 

20 

29 

49 

4 

1 

7 

8 

1 

6 

1 

8 

1 

4 

VO 

Salem. 

1S52 

Obed  Dickinson,  s.s. 

9 

15 

24 

6 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

0 

4 

1 

2 

25 

Sand  I{idge, 

Vacant. 

5 

7 

12 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Tualatin  Plains, 

1842 

John  S.  Griffin,  p.           1842 

2 

3 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Oi    0 

Total,  10  Churches. 

8  Ministers. 

961134 

230 

24 

12 

21 

33 

4 

16 

1 

21 

5 

171238 

Other  Ministers. — Cushing  Eells,  Principal  of  Tualatin  Academy,  Forest  Grove,  Washington  Co. ;  Horace 
Lyman,  Prof,  in  Pacific  University,  Forest  Grove  ;  S.  H.  Marsh,  President  of  Pacific  Univ.,  Forest  Grove. — 3. 

These  churches,  including  18  preacliiug  stations,  are  counected  with  the  Congregational  Association  op 
Oregon.  Their  statistics  include,  also,  a  list  of  "  Benevolent  Contributions,"  the  amounts  being,  for  sup- 
port of  pastors,  82,327  :  for  missions,  &c.,  151,149  12.  The  average  aggregate  of  hearers  is  670.  Historical 
items  of  interest  regarding  these  churches,  we  shall  give  in  a  future  number. 

CALIFORNIA. 


[Reported 

to 

?  Oct.  1, 1859.] 

Downieville, 

1  William  C.  Pond,  p. 

1858 

21 

13 

34 

4 

lOi  5 

15: 

1  2,  0 

3 

71 

Folsom, 

18.59  J.  E.  Benton,  s.s. 

5 

10 

15 

2 

13 

15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

K 

)s. 

60 

Grass  Valley, 

1853  Martin  Kellogg,  s.s. 

12 

17 

29 

9 

0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2! 

e. 

£, 

102 

Jackson, 

3 

1 

v^ 

Mokelumne  Hill, 

Supplied  by  Methodists, 

4 

3 

7 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1' 

J^ 

^, 

60 

Nevada, 

26 

21 

47 

23 

0 

0 

i 

0 

3 

0 

3 

60 

Oroville, 

Hiram  Cummings,  s.s. 

\ 

1 

Petaluma, 

J.  IL  Brodt. 
(  J.  A.  Benton,  p.* 

1851 

18 

17 

35 

" 

1 

3 

4, 

0 

4 

0 

4! 

81 

Sacramento, 

1  E  G.  Beckwith,  s.s. 

1859 

37 

54 

91 

32 

0 

9 

y 

2 

7 

0 

« 

327 

San  Francisco, 

E.  S.  Lacy,  p. 

18.56 

140 

139 

279 

50,20121 

41 

4 

8 

0 

12 

424 

Santa  Cruz, 

J.  S.  Zelie,  s.s. 

1857 

13    15 

28 

9 

2    6 

8, 

0 

0 

0 

0 

35 

Preaching  t>tations, 

unreporterl  above  — 

11 

1 

30 

Camptonville, 

B.  N.  Seymour,  s.s. 

1855 

1 

29 

Eureka;  Humboldt  Bay, 

William  L.  Jones,  s.s. 

! 

35 

Mission  Dolores, 

35 

Total,  11  Churches. 

11  Ministers. 

m 

289  579 

120 

35 

59 

94 

9 

25 

0 

34| 

1349 

Other  Ministers.  — S.  V.  Blakeslee,  teacher,  Folsom  ;  Henry  Durant,  Prof,  in  California  College,  Oakland  ; 
G.  W.  Finney,  Oakland ;  J.  Rowell,  Seaman's  Chaplain,  San  Francisco  ;  Tyler  Thacher,  Yuba  Co.— 5. 

The  Churches  of  California  are  united  in  a  General  Association,  through  three  local  Associations,  viz.: 
Bay,  Mountain,  and  Valley. 

*Pa«tor  absent  on  furlough  of  eighteen  months  ;  Rev.  E.  G.  Beckwith,  of  Sandwich  Islands,  stated  supply. 


134 


Siatistics. —  CanadcL  Emt  and  West. 


[Jan. 


CANADA. 


CANADA  EASr. 

CHURCHES. 

Pla^:e  and  Name.      Org. 

Cowansville  &  Brome,  18.55 
Danville,  18.32 

"     Little  Warwick,  1857 
Durham,  18.>8 

Eaton,  18.35 

Fitch  Bay,  1851 

Granby  and  Abbotsford. 
Inverness,  1844 

Melbourne,  1837 

Montreal,  Zion  ch.       1832 
Quebec,  1840 

St.  Andrews,  1838 

Sherbrooke  &  Lennox- 

ville,  1835 


MINISTERS. 


Name.  Com. 


Stanstead,  South, 

CANADA   WEST. 
Albion, 
Alton, 

Barton  and  Glanford, 
Belleville, 
Bowmanville, 
Brantford, 
Brock  &  Mariposa, 
Burford, 
Caledon,  South, 
Churcbtown, 
Cobourg, 
Cold  Springs!, 
Colpoy's  Bay, 


185'J 

1845, 
183',-t| 
1856 
1859 
1839 
1834 
1854 
1848 
1858, 
1838! 
1835 
1840 
1858 


Archibald  Duff, 
A.  J.  Parker, 

((  u 

D.  Dunkerley, 

E.  J.  Sherrill, 
Ij.  p.  Adams, 
rt  B.  Bucher, 
rr.  Stalker, 

Vacant, 
tienry  Wilkes,  I 
II.  D   Powis, 
Alexander  Sim, 


1856 
1829 

1837 
1837 
1855 
1855 
1856 

1838 
1857 
1854 


James  Robertson,  1837 

Joseph  Torrey,  (a.s.sistant.) 
Alexander  McDonald,      1858 


Dresden  &  Bothwell,  185'i 
Eden  Mills,  1847 

Eramosa,  2d  ch.  1845 

Erin,  1858 

Garafraxa,  1856 

Georgetosvn,  1846, 

Guelph,  1835! 

Hamilton,  1835' 

Hawkesburg,  18391 

Ilillsburgh,  1855 

Indian  Lands,  Glen-  I 

gary,  1829 

Innisfil,  1836 

Kelvin  &  New  Durham,  '54 
Kincardine,  1856 

Kingston,  1849 

Lanark,  1st  ch.  1852 

"     Village,  1853 

Listweli  &  Molesworth,  '56 
London,  1837 

Markham,  1844 

Martintown  and  Rox- 

boro'  1829 

Newmarket,  1842 

Oro,  1st  ch.  1841 

"    2dch.  1844 

Ottawa  City,  (a  new  ch.)  '59 
Owen  Sound,  1855 

Paris,  1848 

Port  Colbourne,  (new.)  '59 


Port  Hope 
Port  Sarnia, 
Scotland, 
Simcoe, 


1858 


1844 
1843 
1843 
1842 
1842 
1846 


Jo.^eph  Wheeler, 
Edward  A.  Noble, 
W.  H  Allworth, 
John  Glimie, 
Thomas  .M.  Reikie, 
John  Wood, 
Dougald  McGregor, 
William  Iliy, 
Hiram  Deniiey, 
Joseph  Unsworth, 
Archibald  Burpae, 
William  H.iyden, 
Ludwick  Kribs, 
William  Clarke, 

Vacant. 
Enoch  Barker, 

Vacant. 
Joseph  Unsworth, 
James  Howell, 
Thomas  PuUar, 

Vacant. 
J.  McLean, 

John  Campbell, 
A.  Raymond, 
John  Armour, 
Neal  McKinnon, 
Kenneth  M.  Fenwick, 
li.  K.  Black, 
Philip  Shanks, 
Robert  McGregor, 
C.  P.  Wat>on, 
Vacant. 

.John  McKillican, 
Joseph  Hooper, 
A.  Raymond, 

Joseph  Elliot, 

Vacant. 
Edward  Ebbs, 
George  Ritchie, 
Archibald  Burpee, 
Robert  G.  Baird, 
William  Hay, 
Samuel  Harris, 

Vacant. 
William  Burgess, 
John  Durrant, 
Robert  Robinson, 
Thom.ts  S   Ellerby, 
F.  H.  Marling, 
Joseph  Uniworth, 
Robert  H.ay, 
Daniel  Mci  Vallum, 
James  T.  Byrne, 


1845 
1857 
1855 
1858 
1855 
1852 
1S57 
1847 
1858 
1853 
1857 
1836 
1858 
1855 

1855 


1853 
18.59 
1858 

1855 

18-55 
1839 
1857 
1856 
1847 
18.52 
1858 
1857 
1859 


1851 
1858 
1839 

1859 

1858 
1858 
1857 
1858 
1847 
1855 


CHB.  MEMBERS. 

May  4, 1859. 

addit'nsi 
1858-9.  j 

BEMOVALB. 

1858-9. 

Male. 
Female. 

TOTAL. 

Absent. 

O 

i  i 

o  13 

.  1 

BAPTISMS. 

1858-9. 


1855 
1852 

1859 


Southwold, 

Stouffville, 

Stratford, 

Toronto,  1st  ch 

"  2d    ch.  1849 

Trafalgar,  1841 

Vau,'haii.  Pine  Grove,  1841 

Warwick  &  Plympton,  "39 

Whitby,  1843 

Bothwell,  Dresden,  Gara- 
fraxa, and I 

Other  chhs.,  though  specified, but  not  reported, from  prev 


1854 
18.53 
18.59 
1852 
1851 


26 


■.'9[  45 
811122 
11  18 
141  28 


24 


lOi  18 
100  163 
22  43 
11  25 


45 
19 
29 
20 
31 
10 

See  below. 
81  14|  22 
24    431  67 
4J     9|  13 
See  below. 


18 
11 
24 
16 
47 
106 
33 
36 
41 
22 

33 
12 
11 
12 

14 

31  i  52 

7 1  13 

16  26 

421  69 

21  29 

20 

17  26 
28  45 
20  37 

03,116 

24    36 


34 
rep'ts. 


10  I  1 
10  10 
0    0 


23 


32  22 

12    0 

1    1 


20, 


0  1 
2|  10 
2 1  12 
0|  11 
1 
3 
1 
0 
0 

11  2 
3'  3 
0  5 
17    17 


4 
16 

6|   2 
0 


8:     12 

21     4 


0  11 

2i  5 
0 

2  4 


12    6    18    1 


0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

514 

1|  6 

1    4 


0    10     1 


0    1 


1  0 
0'  1 
0  0 
0    0 

1 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
li21 
l|  4 
01  0 

0  2 

01  0 
0  2 
10    0 

2  0    0 


0    0    0 


0    0 
0    0 


ol  0  0 

0  15    0 
0    4    2 


13    0 
131  0 

3  0 
10  0 
0    0 

51  0 
1|  0 

o'  0 


0    0 


0  0,  « 
0,  0  3 
0    0     0 


0    11! 


I860.]    Statistics. — Neiu BninstvicJc;  Nova  Scotia;  Jamaica.      135 

ScMMART.— Clun-ohes,  82;  Ministers,  65;  Church  niemhers,— 1,368  Males,  1,969  Females;  Total,  3,G35;  in- 
cluding . . .  ab,<entees.  Atlditions  iu  1858-9,— 355  by  profession,  191  by  letter  ;  Total,  546  ;  Kemovals  in 
1858-9,-38  bv  death,  131  by  dismissal,  49  by  excommunication,  (including  9  "  dismissed  without  letter") ; 
Total  ,  218.   "Baptisms,— 86  Adult,  555  Infant.    In  Sabbath  Schools,  4,102. 

Other  Ministers. — Thomas  Baker,  Newmarket,  C.  W.  ;  James  Boyd,  Yanklcek  Hill,  C.  W. ;  E.  Cleaveland, 
Richmond,  C.  E.  ;  George  Cornish,  Montreal,  C.  E.  ;  R.  V.  HhU,  Stanstead  North,  C.  E.  ;  J.  Johnson,  Saugen, 
0.  W.  ;  A.  J.  Jupp,  Orillia,  C.  W.  ;  Stephen  King,  Ryckman's  Corners,  C.  W.  ;  Adam  Lillie,  D.D.,  Toronto, 
C.  W.  ;  James  Middleton,  Erora,  C.  W.  ;  Peter  1'.  Osunkerhine,  Christian  Island,  Collingwood,  C.  W.  ;  J.  T. 
Patterson.  Stanstead,  C.  E.  :  James  Porter,  Toronto,  C.  W.  ;  C.  P.  Reynolds,  Manningville,  C.  E.  ;  John  Roaf, 
Toronto,  C.  W.  ;  Arthur  Wickson,  Toronto,  C.  W.  ;  R.  J.  Williams,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  C.  W.  ;  Iliram  Wilson, 
St.  Catherine,  C.  W.— 18. 

The  Congregational  Union  of  Canada,  which  includes  ministers  and  churches,  embraces  nearly  all  the 
churches  enumerated  in  the  above  tables.  Its  statistics  include  a  large  number  of  additional  items,  showing 
133  regular  siations  connected  with  the  75  reporting  churches,  with  an  ayerage  aggregate  of  9,788  hearers 
and  2,000  attendants  on  occasional  services  ;  88  week-day  services,  with  an  average  aggregate  of  1,739  attend- 
ants ;  86  Sabbath  schools  ;  60  houses  of  worship,  accommodating  15,880  persons,  and  valued  at  $151,386  ; — 
insurance  upon  60  chapels,  amounting  to  $^58,500  ;  and  contributions  amountiiig  (including  #20,026  for 
ministers"  salaries)  to  li?38,971. 

NEW    BRUNSWICK. 


CHURCHES. 


Place  and  Name.      Org. 


ministers. 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

June  1,1859. 


audit'n 
1858-9 


(5  w  i 


removals. 
1858-9. 


'.s   •  s 


C;irdigan, 

Florenceville, 

Grand  Lake, 

Keswick  Ridge, 

Sheffield, 

St.  Johns 

St.  Stephens, 

Churches  specified,  but  not 

Total.  7  Churches. 


George  Stirling, 
Vacant. 


No  reiiort. 


George  Stirling, 
Robert  Wilson, 
James  B.  Thornton,     ' 
J.  M'Culley,  s.s. 
reported,— estimated, 

4  Ministers. 


1859 
1859 


54 


54 


96  150 
il60 

96  310 


1    2 

_L 

1    2 


Oi    3,1 


200 


0i200 


NOVA    SCOTIA. 


Caledonia  and   Pk-.i.-^aut 

River, 
Cape  Can.so, 
Chebaque, 
Cornwallis, 
Halifax, 

Liverpool  .and  Brooklyn, 
Manchester, 
Margarie, 
Milton, 
Yarmouth, 
Total.  10  Churches. 


Vacant. 
S.  Snider, 
J.  Whitman, 
J.  Cox, 

Vacant. 

Bearing, 

J.  Hart, 
Vacant. 

5  Jfinisters. 


200(est) 


Most  of  the  churches  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  are  connected  with  the  two  (now  united)  Nova 
Scotia  and  N'*ew  Brunswick  Congregational  Unions,  which  held  their  twelfth  annual  se.ssion  in  Liverpool, 
N.  S.,  9—12  Sept.,  1859.  The  larger  part  of  the  churches  have  almost  lost  a  visible  existence.  "  One  of 
our  greatest  difficulties,''  said  the  i-epoit  of  the  Secretary,  "  hitherto  has  been  the  getting  of  properly  quali- 
fied agents  to  occupy  our  field."  An  amalgamation  has  lately  been  had  with  the  Congregational  Missionary 
Society  of  Canada,  and  there  is  now  a  reasonable  prospect  of  procuring  pastors.  "  I  have  only  held  the 
Secretaryship  of  our  Union  for  a  short  period,"  Rev.  Robert  Wilson,  of  Sheffield,  N.  B.,  writes  us,  "  and  as 
our  few  churches  have  been  in  a  sad  state  of  disorganization  for  some  years  past,  I  am  not  in  a  position  to 
give  you  detailed  statistics I  cherish  the  hope  that  our  vacant  churches  will,  during  the  ensuing  sum- 
mer, be  occupied  by  men  of  the  right  stamp,  and  that  in  future  we  shall  present  a  more  promising  aspect." 


JAMAICA,    WEST    INDIES. 


[Reported  to  Aug.  1,  1859.] 


Erainerd, 

Heman  B.  Hall, 

142 

.«• 

6 

0 

6i 

2 

1 

1 

4 

»; 

.^ 

175 

Brandon  Hill, 

C.  B.  Venning, 

.,.; 

^ 

38 

o 

7 

0 

7 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

Chesterfield, 

" 

a. 

a. 

62 

5 

4 

9 

4 

0 

4 

8 

70 

Eliot, 

Loren  Thompson, 

77 

5 

2 

7 

3 

4 

8 

15 

J5 

Q 

80 

Oberlin, 

T.  B.  Penfield, 

,p 

46 

'<, 

1 

3 

41 

3 

0 

1 

4 

< 

'< 

130 

Providence,          No  report. 

Charles  C.  Starbuck, 

< 

1^ 

From  former  report. 

40 

Total,       6  Churches. 

5  Ministers. 

405 

24 

9 

S3 

15 

5 

14 

34 

455 

These  churches  are  under  the  care  of  the  American  Missionart  Association. 


136 


Statislics. —  Ohio. 


[Jan. 


OHIO, 

(Received  too  late  for  insertion  in  its  proper  place.) 


CHH.  MEMBERS. 

iaddit'ns. 

REMOVALS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

?Apr.l,  1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9. 

1858-9.   3 

CHURCHES. 

MINISTERS. 

0 

A 

j    a 

c 

h] 

.§ 

•  a 

J 

*> 

p 

0 

Place  and  Name.       Org. 

Name.           Com. 

.2 

Femi 

TOTA 

Abse 

o 

1 

O 

H 

1 

s  g 

S   H 

3 
< 

a 

Akron, 

A.  E.  Baldwin,  s  s.  No  report. 

Andover,  West, 

A.  B.  Lyon,  s.s. 

21 

34    45 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0    0 

0 

0 

0 

50 

Aurora, 

Joseph  S.  Graves,  s.s. 

21 

42    63 

6 

8 

1 

4 

0 

0    0 

0 

2 

3 

40 

Austinburg, 

A.  M.  Ilichardson,  p. 

46 

75  121 

6 

4 

8 

12 

0 

8    0 

8 

2 

0 

80 

Avon, 

No  report. 

Bellevue,                       1831 

Amzi  D.  Barber,                1852 

38 

83 

121 

30 

5 

3 

8 

2 

8    0 

10 

0 

6 

110 

Eelpre, 

Francis  Bartlett,  p. 

32 

59 

91 

10 

:i" 

4 

21 

1 

3    0 

4 

4 

4 

90 

Berea, 

Vacant. 

8 

14 

22 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9    0 

9 

0 

0 

Bloomfield, 

Dorman  L.  Hicok,  s.s. 

21 

22 

43 

7 

2 

8 

10 

2 

41  0 

6 

0 

6  140 

Braeeville, 

Vacant.                No  report. 

1 
1 

Brighton, 

" 

Biimfield,                      1832 

6 

10 

16 

Bristol,                          1817 

Dorman  L.  Hicok,  s.s. 

44 

58! 102 

0 

7 

2 

9 

2 

3 

0 

5 

150 

BroD8on, 

No  rrport. 

Brun.swick, 

'> 

Bucyrus,                       1840 

Jolin  Pettitte,                  1840 

9 

16 

25 

3 

2 

5 

7 

1 

12 

1 

14 

0 

1 

36 

Center, 

Enoch  F.  Buird,  s.s. 

11 

21 

32 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

Centerville, 

No  report. 

Charlestown, 

John  L.  Seymour,  s.s. 

10 

22i  821    0 

i 

i 

Cincinnati,  1st  cb. 

Henry  M.  Storrs, 

2351  20 

2o:ii 

81 

0 

6 

0 

6 

8 

24'365 

"     Vine  St. 

No  report. 

Claridon, 

E.  D.  Taylor,  s.s. 

44 

58  102 

7 

2 

9 

2 

3 

0 

5 

150 

Olarkslield, 

No  report. 

Cleveland,  Plym.  cli.  1850 

James  C.  ^Iiite,  p.          1855 

311 

97 '24 

121 

2 

25 

0 

27 

28 

15 

380 

"     1st  Cong.  ch. 

James  A.  Thome,  p.          1856 

90 

160  250 

76  18 

94 

5i  6 

0 

11 

33 

10:200 

Collamar, 

Andrew  Sharp, 

41 

651  96 

28!  1 

29 

1    2 

3 

8 

7 

70 

Columbia, 

Kuhns, 

11 

19 

30 

2 

|7|  1 

8 

01  l!  0 

1 

3 

2 

60 

Columbus, 

Henry  B.  Elliott,              1858 

55 

111 

166 

28 

14 

42 

2I20'  0 

22 

21 

3 

SiS 

Coolville  &  Ilockingport, 

Charles  D.  Curtis^  s.s. 

23 

48 

71 

11 

1 

6 

7 

0  4)  0 

4 

1 

0 

75 

Copley, 

A'acant. 

6 

8 

14 

Cuyahoga  Falls, 

Tertius  S.  Clark,  D.l>.,  s.s. 

81 

49 

70 

16 

0 

0 

0 

3  27 

0 

SO 

0 

2 

100 

Dayton, 

A'acant. 

29 

59 

88 

15 

17 

5 

22 

0 

3 

0 

3 

2 

3 

125 

East  Cleveland, 

Charles  \V.  Torrey, 

33 

63 

96 

11 

28  12 

40 

3 

7 

10 

15 

2 

182 

Edinburg, 

William  S.  Torrey,  s.s. 

16 

33 

491    5 

0    1 

1 

1 

4 

01    6 

0 

0 

42 

PairfieUl, 

No  report. 

Fearing, 

George  W.  Fry,  s.s. 

13 

22 

35 

5    4 

9 

0 

2 

0 

2 

2 

2 

Four  Corners,               1840 

Oliver  Burgess,                 1856 

IS 

20    33 

3 

1    2 

8 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

40 

Fowler, 

No  report. 

Franklin  Mills, 

Theodore  M.  Dwight,  s.s. 

101 

40!  9 

49 

0    8    Ol    3 

20 

8  216 

Freedom, 

William  Potter,  s.s. 

35 

74109 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

25 

Geneva  Center. 

Edwin  U.  Gilbert, 

72 

"     Village, 

Edmund  Gale,  s.s. 

80 

Grafton, 

No  report. 

Granger, 

James  Gray, 

7 

13]  20 

2 

4 

6 

1 

0 

0 

1 

Hampden, 

Edwin  H.  Gilbert,  s.s. 

27 

84 1  61 

4 

2 

2 

0 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0 

100 

Harmar, 

William  Wakefield,  p. 

41 

68.109 

35 

0 

5 

5 

0 

2 

0 

2I 

2 

2 

85 

Ilarrisville, 

No  report. 

'    1 

Hinckley, 

George  W.  Palmer,  s.s. 

10 

16 

26 

0 

2 

2 

40 

Hudson, 

George  Darling,  p. 

150 

28 

8 

86 

0 

2 

0 

2 

7 

2 

JefTer.son, 

A.  Olds,  s.s. 

5 

12 

17 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

'0 

0 

0 

50 

Johnston, 

Henry  Moore, 

10 

20 

30 

0 

0 

S 

8 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

3 

88 

Kirtland, 

No  report. 

Lafayette, 

Loren  W.  Brintnall,  s.s. 

41 

21 

35 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

60 

Lagrange, 

John  H.  Prentiss,  s.s. 

12 

14 1  26 

0 

1 

20 

Laporte, 

Johnson  Wright,  s.s. 

14 

22 1  34 

5 

0 

5 

4 

170 

Lawrence, 

Leii  L.  Fay,  p. 

32 

38    70 

14 

17 

0 

17 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

70 

Lebanon, 

B.  F.  Morris, 

22 

23    45 

0 

4 

4 

0 

1 

0 

1! 

0 

0 

100 

Lenox, 

Edmund  Gale,  s.s. 

39 

79 1 118 

3 

2 

5 

1 

5 

1 

7 

0 

0 

150 

Leroy, 

No  report. 

Litchfield, 

Erastus  Cole,  p. 

19 

84 

53 

6 

6 

12 

0 

4 

4 

1 

1 

75 

Little  Muskingum, 

Levi  L.  Fay,  p. 

9 

13 

22 

3 

2 

2 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

18 

Lo\yell, 

Charles  Wetherbee,  s.s. 

14 

18 

32 

0 

21 

11 

32 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

9 

Madison, 

Lawrence  S.  Atkins,  s.s. 

28 

60 

88 

15 

0 

2 

2 

1 

6 

0 

7 

0 

0 

40 

Mansfield,                       1835 

51 

91 

142 

11 

14 

9 

23 

1 

9 

0 

10 

8 

10 

175 

Marietta, 

Thomas  Wickes,  p. 

86 

143 

229 

53 

7 

13 

20 

4 

14 

0 

18 

2 

10 

159 

McConnelsville, 

Vacant.                No  report. 

Medina, 

u 

Middlefield, 

Vacant. 

3 

6 

9 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

40 

Middlebury,         No  rejiorl. 

William  Dempsey,  s.s. 

0 

Monroe, 

13 

17 

30 

i 

0, 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Morgan, 

Theodore  J.  Keep,  s.s. 

16 

24 

42 

1 

2 

3 

0 

8 

0 

3 

0 

0 

Mt.  Liberty, 

No  report. 

Mt.  Vernon, 

Stephen  C.  Leonard,        1853 

168 

6 

11 

17 

3 

10 

7 

20 

Iv'elson, 

L.  C.  Noursc,  s.s. 

18 

45 

63 

1 

2 

0 

2 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

2 

30 

New  Albany,                 1848 

42 

New  London, 

James  M.  Pryse, 

50 

90 

140 

8 

7 

15 

2 

7 

1 

10 

2 

6 

100 

Newbury, 

S.  W.  Pierson,  s.s. 

40 

2 

2 

1 

I860.] 


Statistics. — OJdo;  3fo.;  S.  C. 


137 


CHH 

.  MEMBERS.  1 

ABPIT'KS.' 

REMi 

VA 

LS. 

BAPTISMS.    . 

MINISTERS. 

?Apr.  1,1859. 

1858-9. 

1858-9 

1858-9.   3 
1    ? 

CHURCHES. 

i 

Ji 

*3 

a 

c 

ij 

.a 

a 

.i 

Q 

a 
en 

Place  and  Name.       Org. 

Name.           Com. 

_2 

"3 

i 

o 

!- 

•< 

9 

^ 

«: 
o 

1 

a 
5 

< 

g 

H  1 

"3 

a 

n 

Oberlin, 

John  Morgan, 

list 

"85^ 

68"153 

11  63 

0 

74 

31 

1X400 

Olmstead  Falls, 

Ed   ard  P.  Clisbee,  s.s. 

14 

20    34 

8 

0 

0 

0 

1 

7 

2 

10 

0 

0 

50 

Orwell, 

Amos  Dresser,  s.s. 

14 

19    33 

2 

1 

4 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

80 

I'arknian, 

.lohn  M.  B"raser.  s.s. 

6 

19 

25 

0 

2 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

80 

Penfield. 

Johu  H.  Prenti.ss,  s.s. 

21 

30 

51 

0 

2 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

50 

Pierpont, 

L.  H.  Beach,  s.s. 

65 

1 

40 

Pittsfield, 

Edward  H.  Fairchild,  s.s. 

25 

43 

68 

8 

27 

9 

36 

3 

3 

12 

41115 

Plymouth,                     1854 

Eben  P.  Salmon,               1854 

49 

13 

4 

17 

0 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0|198 

Bandolph, 

Joseph  Meriam,  p. 

21 

29    50 

12 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0    60 

Ravenna, 

John  0.  Hart,  p. 

146 

11 

3 

14 

3 

3 

0 

6 

1 

0  150 

Kich  field, 

Horace  Smith,  s.s. 

14 

26 

40 

3 

1 

4 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

50 

Eidgeville, 

Curtis  C.  Baldwin,  p. 

20 

10 

30 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

3 

4 

1 

30 

Ripley. 

No  report. 

0 

Rootstown. 

John  Williams,  s.s. 

24 

44 

68 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

6 

0 

7 

0 

0 

89 

Sandusky  City,            1819 

James  B.  v>  alker,             1857 

140 

16 

8 

24 

2 

2 

Saybrook, 

S   W.  T.  Richardson, 

10 

20    30 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

75 

Seville, 

William  Russell,  s.s. 

12 

22 

34 

5 

0 

6 

6 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Sharon, 

No  report. 

Southington, 

" 

Springfield, 

S.  Norton,  s.s. 

38 

62 

100 

24 

3 

27 

1 

4 

0 

5 

8 

1 

150 

StrODgsviUe. 

Orin  iV.  White,  s.s. 

80 

31 

61 

3 

5 

2 

7 

1 

3 

4 

2 

2 

75 

Sycamore  and  Edin, 

No  report. 

1 

Thompson, 

Terry,  s.s. 

72 

18 

4 

22 

8 

4 

100 

Troy, 

Alfred  A.  Whitmore.  s.s. 

28 

36 

64 

75 

Wadsworth, 

No  report. 

1 

Wayne, 

Ileman  Geer,                 '• 

■Waynesville, 

Simeon  Brown,  s.s. 

1 

11 

12 

1 

3 

2 

6 

31 

AVest  Farmington, 

No  report. 

AVestfield, 

" 

Weymouth, 

Samuel  Cole,  s.s. 

17 

30 

47 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

50 

AVindham, 

Levi  B.  Wilson,  p. 

55 

116  171 

0 

4 

4 

1 

9 

1 

11 

0 

0 

190 

York, 

Vacant. 

30 

41    71 

5 

3 

1 

4 

1 

_1 

0 

4 

1 

1 

70 

These  statistics  are  very  imperfect,  as  will  be  seen.  Their  want  of  completene.-is  is  owing  in  a  very  great 
degree  to  a  change  in  the  Statistical  Secretaryship.  We  have,  above,  followed  the  list,  as  obligingly  furnished 
us  by  Rev.  James  C.  White,  of  Cleveland  :  but  there  ought  to  be  added  a  large  number  of  other  churche;?. 
A  very  thorough  enumeration  made  last  year  by  a  carelul  statistician,  found  in  Ohio  240  CoQi?regational 
churches  ;  a  part  of  the.'^e  were  connected  with  Pre.sbytery  on  the  Plan  of  Union,  and  a  part  were  not  con- 
nected with  any  ecclesiastical  body.  Returning  to  last  year's  enumeration,  and  excluding  all  marked  as  con- 
nected with  Presbytery  (hs  not  knowing  their  present  status)  we  find  the  following,  with  thtir  ministers  : 

Amherst.  North,  T.  E.  Munroe;  Andover,  L  13.  Beach  :Baiiibridge;  Bedl"Vy;  Berlin;  Black  River;  Brynberian, 
G.M.  Conville;  Ciinfitld;  Carlyle;  Chagria  Falls;  Chester:  Concord;  Cook's  Corners;  Dodi;  Dover; Eaton;  Euclid 
Village;  Farmington,  West,  Robert  Page;  Fitchville,  Johnson  Wright;  Fredericktown;  Gnenbush;  Guilford; 
Gustavus,  Elam  .J.  Comings  ;  Ilarper.sfield;  Hartford  (tv.o);  Huntington;  Huntsburg,  Lemuel  Pomeroy  ;  Jef- 
fersonville  ;  Lena;  Lime;  McCutchinsville;  Medina, — - — -;  Charlton  ;  Milton;  Montgomery;  Montville;  Mos- 
cow ;  Newbury;  Oregon  Township ;  Painesville,  Nathaniel  P.  ]5ailey  ;  Peninsula,  G.  W.  Palmer;  Portage 
River;  liavenna.  Free  Ch,  Willard  Burr;  Rawsonville  ;  Rockport ;  Rome,  L.  F.Arnold;  Sardinia;  Sha- 
lersville;  Sheffield,  1st, — and  2nd,  J.  W.  White  ;  Sherman  ;  Springville,  J.  W.  Kaynor  ;  Toledo,  W.  W.  Williams; 
Vernon;  Wellington,  Free  Ch.,  Henry  E.  Peck;  Welsh  Set  lement,  James  Davies  ;  Whiteford,  L.  P.  Mat- 
thews ;  Williamsfield,  West, — and  Center,  L.  B.  ]3each  ;  Windsor,  George  Smith  ;  Zoar,  Rees  Hinis.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  were  the  following  Welsh  churches  :  Abner,  James  Davies  ;  Brown  Towr.ship,  John  H.  Jones  ; 
Cambria,  James  Di  vies  ;  Carmel,  John  P.Thomas;  Ciucinnati,  Tlionias  Edwards;  Coiumbus,  J.  H.  Jones  ; 
Delaware,  Reel  Powell ;  Granville,  D.  R.  Jeukyns  ;  Harrison,  John  Williams  ;  Ironton,  T.  W.  Davies;  Mi- 
nersville,  William  Edwards  ;  Newark,  D.  R.  Jenkyns;  Oak  Hill,  John  A.  Davies ;  Paddy's  Run,  J.  M.  Pry.se  ; 
Palmyra,  Benjamin  Lewis  ;  Parisvllle,  David  Davies;  Pomroy,  Lot  Jenkyns ;  I'ortsmouth  ;  Radnow,  Rees 
Powell;  Tallmadge,  David  Davies;  Tcuiple  Car,  David  Davits;  Traedrhindalar,  Kees  Powell  ;  Tyu  Rhos,  E. 
Davis  ;  Weathersville,  Tnomas  Evans  ;  Whilewa'er,  James  M.  Pryse  ;  Youngstown,  Thomas  Evans. 

These  churches,  reclconing  from  the  last  report,  we  estimate  as  follows  :  Not  enumerated  by  Conference, 
63  with  2.642  members.  Welsh,  26  churches,  with  1.677  members.  Reckoning  in  the  same  way  we  find  for 
the  unreported  but  associated  churches,  846  members  ;  total,  89  churches  with  5,165  members.  Adding 
these  to  the  reports  of  the  table  above,  we  find  the  following  Scmmaet,  which  is  short  of  the  truth  :  Church- 
es, 198;  Ministers,  101 ;  Members,— 1.515  Males,  2,542  Females:  Total,  11,750,  including  384  absentees. 
Additions  in  1858-9,— 692  by  profession,  842  by  letter  ;  Total,  1,0-34.  Removals  in  1858-9,— 97  by  death, 
337  by  dismissal,  15  by  excom.  ;  Total,  449.    Baptisms,- 216  Adult,  189  Infant.     In  Sabbath  Schools,  6,419. 

Other  Ministers. — Eben  E.  Andrews,  and  Israel  W.  Andrews,  Profs,  in  Marietta  College.  Marietta :  John 
T.  Avery,  Cleveland  ;  James  D.  Butler,  Prof,  in  Marietta  Coll.,  Marietta  ;  Charles  H.  Churchill, Oberlin  ;  [M. 
W.  Diggs,  Fort  Recovery  ;]  Charles  G.  Finney,  Pi-cs.  Oberlin  Coll.,  Oberlin  ;  Daniel  S.  Rodman,  Cleveland  ; 
Archibald  S.  Shafer,  Morgan  ;  Sereno  W.  Streeter,  Westervelt. — 9. 

The  General  Conferenc"  or  Ohio  embraces  eight  local  Conferences,  viz  :  Central  North,  Cleveland,  Grand 
River,  Marietta,  Medina,  Miami,  Plymouth  Rock,  and  Puritan. 

OTHER    CHUECHES. 


Hannibal,  Mo.,  18591 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1852  Thomas  M.  Post,  D.D. 

Charleston,  So.  Carolina,  | 

Circular  ch.  Thomas  0.  Rice,  p.  e. 

Perry  Center,  N.  Y.     1814 [George  J.  Means,  p. 


VOL.  II. 


19 


1852 


1859 
1859 


131  13|  26 
96  1041200 


IS118 


49 


3    4 


0     0 


138  Statistics. — 3Imnesota;  Nebraska.  [Jan. 

MINNESOTA. 

(Deferred  from  its  proper  place.) 

The  very  interesting  article  in  the  present  number,  commencing  at  page  67,  which  purports  to  "  chronicle 
a  few  facts  and  reHections  respecting  Congregationalism  in  Minnesota,  at  the  present  time,-'  is  undoubtedly 
defective.  Thefovrth  head  should  be  the  Ji/t/i,  and  there  should  be  inserted  as  follows  :  ■'  We  notice,  4,  The 
^reat  importance  of  furnishing  the  Statistics  of  our  Churches  for  publication  in  the  Cungregationat  Quarterly. 
Bringing  together,  as  the  Quarterly  does,  in  one  body,  the  statistics  of  our  whole  Congregational  brother- 
hood, it  is  doing  a  work  for  the  unity  and  mutual  sympathy  of  the  churches  entire,  which  is  not  only  of  very 
great  importance  at  the  present  time,  but  is  fraught  with  momentous  interests  in  the  future.  It  blends  the 
Kast  and  the  West ;  overlooks  minor  differences  of  opinion  ;  ignores  '  schools  '  and  parties  ;  and  tends  to 
render  vastly  more  efRcient  our  whole  body.  We  cannot  afford  to  be  cut  off  from  this  brotherhood.  Hence 
we  greatly  lament  that  the  publishers  failed,  after  all  due  effort,  in  securing  the  statistics  of  the  Jlinnesota 
churches."' 

All  we  are  able  to  say  about  Minnesota  is,  1.  That  there  are  47  Congregational  churches  there,  of  which 
10  were  organized  the  past  year.  2.  The  total  membership  is  1316.  3.  During  the  past  year,  the  aggregate 
membership  has  increased  400  (not  the  net  increase  we  suppose,)  of  which  170  were  by  profession  of  faith. 
4.  The  losses  appear  to  have  been  82.  5.  Five  of  the  churches  are  destitute  of  regular  preaching.  6.  The 
localities  of  the  churches  we  are  ignorant  of,  except  as  far  as  the  following  table  of  1'.  0.  addresses,  &c. 
(which  is  new  and  authentic)  will  tell : 

David  Andrews,  s.  s.,  Wabashaw ;  Lauren  Armsby,  p.,  Faribault;  H.  C.  Atwater,  s.  s.,  Minneapolis;  J. 
K.  Barnes,  s.  s.,  Cannon  Falls;  W.  T.  Boutwell,  Farmer,  Stillwater  ;  J.  E.  Burbank,  s.  s.,  Carimona  ;  Da- 
vid Burt,  s.  s.,  Winona  ;  Klias  Clark,  s.  s.,  Rochester ;  Nelson  Cook,  Missionaay,  Austin  ;  Stephen  Cook,  s.s., 
Austin;  Charles  Galpin,  without  charge.  Excelsior ;  Kichard  Hall,  Agent  of  Am.  II.  M.S.  Pt.  Douglass  ; 
Sherman  Hall,  s.  s,  Sauk  Rapids;  Ezra  Newton,  s.s.,  Swan  River;  Abel  K.  Packard,  temporary  supply, 
St.  Anthony;  J.  L.  Kounce,  s.  s.,  Northfield  ;  Charles  Seccombe,  p.,  St.  Anthony  ;  Charles  Shedd,  s.s., 
Wasioja  ;  C.  B.  Sheldon,  p.  elect.  Excelsior  ;  De  Witt  C.  Sterry,  s.  s.,  Lake  City  ;  0.  A.  Thomas,  s.  s.,  Clin- 
ton Falls  ;  Ira  Tracy,  s.  s..  Spring  Valley  ;  J.  B.  Tufts,  s.  s..  Marine  ;  Royal  Twichell,  without  charge, 
Anoka  ;  Henry  Willard,  s.  s.,  Zumbrota  ;  Austin  Willey,  p.,  Anoka;  J.  N.  Williams,  Florence. 

NEBRASKA. 

(Deferred  from  its  proper  place.) 
The  Tear  Book  of  1859,  informed  us  that  there  were  8  churches  in  Nebraska,  viz.  :  Brownville,  T.  W.  Tip- 
ton, Minister  ;  Decatur  ;  Florence ;  Fontanelle,  E.  B.  Hurlbut;  Fort  Calhoun  ;  Fremont,  Isa-.ic  E.  Heaton  ; 
Omaba  City,  Reuben  Gaylord  ;  and  Plattford  ;  and  that  these  churches  had  a  member-ihip  of  144.  The 
towns  are  probably  where  they  were.  The  membership  is  the  same,  if  it  has  not  changed.  The  ministers, 
— "  if  they  are  not  gone,  they  live  there  still,"— though  conscientious  efforts  to  find  them — such  as  succeed- 
ed with  Oregon  and  California,  have  entirely  failed. 


In  the  course  of  our  work,  the  names  of  various  other  ministers  have  appeared,  which  we  arrange  in  six 
classes.  1.  Missionaries,  connected  with  A.ssociations  in  this  country.  2.  Names  omitted  in  their  proper 
place,  either  by  accident,  or  by  not  having  been  seasonably  received.  3.  Such  as  have  removed  fr(>m  their 
residence  of  last  year,  or  of  whose  residence  we  are  in  doubt.  4.  Such  as  are,  in  the  various  printed  Minutes, 
referred  to  some  State,  but  not  to  towns.  5.  Those  whofe  names  alone  appear.  6.  Such  as  are  reported  in 
the  hist  Year  Book,  but  of  whom  we  have  no  other  information — which  follow  the  regular  List  of  ministers. 
Brackets  signify  a  correction  of  a  name  previously  reported. 

I.  Thomas  L.  Ambrose,  Persia  ;  W.  A.  Benton,  Mt.  Lebanon,  Syria;  Thomas  S.  Burnell,  Madura,  India  ; 
William  B.  Capron,  Madura,  India  ;  William  F.  Clarke,  Fraser's  River  ;  Jo.-^eph  K.  Greene,  ord.  min.  to  Tur- 
key ;  James  Herrick,  Madura,  India;  Milan  II.  Hitchcock,  Jaffna,  Ceylon  ;  William  W.  Ilowland ;  Charles 
Little,  Madura,  Ilindostan  ;  Dwight  W.  Marsh,  Mosul,  Turkey;  Charles  F.  Morse,  Northern  Armenia  ;  Benj. 
F.  Parsons,  Sivas,  Turkey,  Asja  ;  .losiah  Pe.ahody,  Erzroom,  Persia  ;  Ira  F.  Pettibone,  Constantinople,  Turkey  ; 
Gilbert  Rockwood,  Pekin  ;  Marshall  D.  Sanders,  Ceylon  ;  Hyman  A.  Wilder,  South  Africa.  This  list  com- 
prises but  a  very  small  fraction  of  our  missionaries  ;  the  report  of  a  careful  Committee  to  the  Pre.'.byterian 
[N.  S.]  Genera!  Assembly,  last  year,  reckons,  but  does  not  specify  the  namts  cf^  150  Cougrtgationalists,  with- 
out counting  those  of  the  American  Missionary  Association. 

II.  Ezra  E.  Adams,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  Charles  A.  Aiken,  Prcf.  in  Dart.  Coll.,  Hanover,  N.  H.  ;  James 
Aiken,  p.,  Hanover,  N.  II. ;  George  Allpn,  AVorcester,  Ms.  ;  William  P.  Apthorp,  Moultonboro',  N.  H.  ;  Wil- 
liam Vi'.  Atwater,  New  Haven,  Ct.  ;  Daniel  H.  Babcock,  Marhlehead,  Ms.  ;  [D.  Magee  Bardwell,  instead  of 
Bardwell  D.  Magee,  MiehigHU  City,  Ind.]  ;  Homer  Barrows,  s.s..  Atkinson  Depot,  N.  H.  ;  Ezekiel  H.  B.irstow, 
teacher,  Newton  Center,  Ms.  ;  [John  H.  Beckwith,  instead  of  Beikworth,  Barton,  Tt.] ;  [William  W.  Belden, 
IPawtucket,  R.I.];  Charles  B.  Boynton,  Cincinnati,  0. ;  James  Brewer,  p.,  Twin  Grove,  111,;  Samuel  G. 
Brown,  D.D.,  Prof  in  Dart.  Coll.,  Hanover,  N.  H.  ;  Michael  Burdett,  Philadelphia,  Pa  ;  [Ebenezer  Burgess, 
Dracut,  instead  of  Centerville,  Ms.] ;  Henry  Buss,  Nora,  111  ;  Clinton  Clark,  Ridgefield,  Ct.  ;  Timothy  F. 
Clary,  p.e.,  Wareham.  Ms.;  Henry  Cowles,  Oberlin,  0.  ;  [Preston  Cummirgs,  Leicester,  Ms.  ;]  S.  W.  Eaton, 
Framiugham,  Ms.  ;  Joseph  Emerson,  Beloit,  Wis. ;  [Joseph  Emerson,  late  of  Kockford,  III.,  Agent  of  Am.  and 
For.  Chr.  Union,  Boston,  Ms.] ;  Ralph  Emerson,  D.D.,  Beloit,  Wis.  ;  B.  Foltz,  Ri  ckford.  111.  ;  [Jacob  C.  Gosa, 
instead  of  Jacob  C.  Cross,  Randolph,  Tt.] ;  Charles  A.  Harvey,  Vermillionville,  0  ;  [J.  T.  Howard,  instead  of 
J.  T.  Holland,  Holland,  Vt.] ;  George  P..  Jewett,  Salem,  Ms.  ;  Thomas  H.  Johnson,  La  Harpe,  111.  ;  Joel  W. 
Newton,  Chaplain,  U.  S.  Navy,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  J.  H.  Paine.  Liberty,  Wis.  ;  Oscar  F.  Parker,  New  York  ; 
[Royal  Parkinson,  Sandwich,  N.  H  ];  John  Parry,  Big  Rock,  111.  ;  Benjamin  B.  Parson.s,  Weathersfield,  111.  ; 
Absalom  Peters,  D.D.,  New  York  ;  [Corbin  Kiddel,  Spencer,  N.  Y.,  instead  of  Corban  Riddle]  ;  Robert  Sam- 
uel, New  Rutland,  111.  ;  Edwin  D.  Sanborn,  Prof  in  Wash.  Uoiv.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  George  W.  Sargent,  p.,  Ray- 
mond, N.  H.  ;  Alpha  AVarren,  Roscoe,  111.;  Israel  P.  Warren,  Sec.  Am.  Tract  Soc,  Boston,  Ms.  ;  Theodore 
Wells,  Dorchester,  N.  H.  ;  William  W.  AV'oodworth,  Mansfield,  0. 

III.  These  are  in  their  appropriate  places  in  the  list  of  clergymen. 

IV.  S.  Barrows,  Iowa  ;  A.  J.  Drake,  111.  ;  Samuel  N.  Eaton,  Ms.  ;  Henry  Eddy,  Ms. ;  J.  S.  Emery,  111.  ;  Wil- 
liam Gould,  Iowa  ;  A.  Harwood,  Ohio  ;  S.  D.  Helms,  Iowa  ;  Jenkiu  .lenkyns.  III.  ;  Thomas  H.  Johnson,  HI.  ; 
J.  Mather,  Iowa  ;  Josiah  W.  North,  Ct.  ;  Siegmund  Uhlfeider,  Iowa ;  J.  D.  Woodward,  Iowa. 

V.  J.  W.  Allen,  Cyrus  Ji.  Baldwin,  William  S.  Blanchard,  William  B.  Clark,  Samuel  Griswold,  Joseph  Har- 
ri.ioii,  Hollo\v:iy  W.  Hunt,  Samuel  Johnson,  Jared  0.  linapp,  N.  A.  Prince,  Frank  L.  Robbiu--,  George  Uhler, 
Melancthon  G.  Wheeler. 


I860.] 


Summaries  of  Statistics. 


139 


SUMMARIES. 
I.    The  Churches  and  Ministers  in  1859-60  : 


Churches. 

Ministers. 

With 
Maine, 
New  Ilampshirt, 

pastor. 
80 
91 

With  8. 
94 

60 

s.  Not  spec. 
0 
0 

Vacant. 
73 
33 

Total. 
247 
184 

Pas'ors. 

82 

■91 

St.  sup 
67 
59 

.  Not  spec. 
0 
9 

Others. 
41 
28 

Total. 
190 
177 

Vermont, 
Massachusetts, 

65 
331 

85 
77 

2 
0 

39 
79 

191 

487 

65 
344 

77 

77 

2 
0 

46 
169 

190 
690 

Rhode  Island, 
Connecticut, 

13 
185 

6 
57 

0 
0 

2 
42 

21 
284 

13 

188 

6 
57 

0 
0 

2 

88 

21 

333 

New  York, 

32 

56 

67 

26 

181 

32 

49 

56 

46 

183 

New  Jersey, 

Penusjivania, 

Ohio, 

1 

14 

44 

2 
21 
63 

1 

8 

77 

4 
29 
198 

1 

13 

40 

2 

21 

48 

3 
1 
9 

6 
22 
110 

Indiana, 

15 

14 

29 

8 

9 

17 

Illinois, 

149 

36 

185 

130 

45 

175 

Michigan. 
Wisconsin, 

25 

89 

92 
10 

26 
36 

118 
160 

25 

62 

80 
10 

35 
32 

115 
129 

Iowa, 

12 

90 

45 

147 

12 

66 

24 

102 

Missouri, 
Minnesota, 

1 
3 

0 
18 

0 
9 

1 
17 

2 

47 

1 
3 

18 

0 

6 

1 

27 

Nebraska, 

4 

4 

8 

4 

4 

Kansas, 

23 

4 

27 

20 

4 

24 

Oregon, 
California, 

4 
3 

4 
4 

0 

1 

2 
3 

10 
11 

4 
3 

4 

7 

0 

1 

3 
5 

11 

16 

South  Carolina, 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

Jamaica, 

6 

0 

6 

5 

0 

5 

Canada, 

71 

11 

82 

55 

18 

73 

New  Brunswick, 

1 

4 

2 

7 

1 

3 

4 

Nova  Scotia, 

5 

6 

10 

5 

5 

Total, 


861 


595 


634 


586 


2,676 


478 


624 


526 


514    2,531 


II.    Membership  in  1859,  with  Changes  the  Year  preceding 


Chhs. 

247 

( 

Chorch 

Members. 

Additions. 

Removals. 

Baptisms.  Sab. 

Maine, 

Males. 

5,684 

Fern . 

12,067 

Total. 
19.136 

Absent. 
2,918 

Prof. 
1,938 

Let. 
486 

Total. 
2,424 

D'th. 
325 

Dis.  : 

643 

Exc. 
41 

Tot. 
909 

Ad. 

931 

Inf. 
330  20,353 

N.  H. 

184 

5,388 

11,464 

20.243 

3,602 

928 

439 

1,387 

341 

483 

64 

888 

468 

267 

22,752 

Vt. 

191 

6,087 

9,510 

20,438 

2,588 

1,483 

519 

2,002 

265 

418 

60 

743 

618 

3.37 

14,523 

Mass. 

487 

24.230 

51,519 

76,931 

10  575 

8,817 

2,531 

11,348 

1,191  2  413 

78  3,682  4,100  1,720  80,445 

R.  I. 

21 

990 

2,462 

3,452 

588 

398 

141 

639 

60 

101 

7 

158 

177 

110 

3,466 

Conn. 

284  15,147 

30,068 

45.838 

3  675 

5.914 

1,263 

7,177 

728  1,378 

93  2,199  2,300  1,016 

N.  Y. 

181 

5,221 

9,139 

17,372 

1,019 

1,338 

740 

2,078 

193 

589 

52 

834 

635 

385  13,877 

N.J. 

4 

200 

366 

736 

17 

38 

20 

68 

9 

21 

2 

32 

11 

18 

349 

Penn. 

29 

83 

132 

2,079 

15 

2 

30 

32 

6 

5 

1 

12 

1 

9 

110 

Ohio. 

198 

1,515 

2,542 

11,700 

384 

692 

342 

1,034 

97 

337 

15 

449 

216 

189 

6,419 

Ind. 

29 

45 

57 

956 

6 

27 

16 

43 

6 

5 

10 

4 

14 

339 

III. 

185 

4.754 

6,845 

11.844 

967 

1,302 

1,054 

2,356 

108 

669 

65 

842 

424 

456  14.340 

Mich. 

118 

2146 

3.461 

6,768 

592 

994 

578 

1,572 

97 

328 

48 

473 

410 

193 

6,508 

AVisc. 

160 

7,066 

761 

466 

491 

957 

55 

451  100 

606 

130 

312 

9,362 

Iowa, 

147 

15.38 

2,234 

5.060 

544 

434 

978 

43 

270 

27 

340 

169 

198 

5,069 

Mis.«o. 

2 

109 

117 

226 

0 

31 

18 

49 

3 

4 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1,500 

Minn. 

47 

1,316 

170 

230 

400 

82 

Nebr. 

8 

144 

Kansas, 

27 

227 

219 

517 

73 

11 

84 

6 

11 

17 

685 

Oregbn, 

10 

96 

134 

230 

24 

12 

21 

33 

4 

16 

1 

21 

6 

17 

238 

Calif. 

11 

276 

2^9 

579 

120 

35 

59 

94 

9 

25 

0 

34 

1,349 

So.  Car. 

I 

450 

Jamaica 

,     6 

405 

24 

9 

33 

15 

5 

14 

34 

455 

Canada, 

82 

1.368 

1.969 

3,635 

3.55 

191 

646 

38 

131 

49 

218 

86 

555 

4,102 

New  B'k 

;.     7 

54 

96 

310 

14 

9 

0 

9 

1 

2 

0 

3 

3 

0 

200 

N.  SCO. 

10 

200 

.... 

TOTAL.— Churches,  2,676  ;  Church  members,— 75  158  Males,  144,690  Female.?,  not  specified,  37,783  ;  Total, 
267,634,  including  27,705  absentees.  Additions  for  tbe  year, — 25..590  by  profession,  9,623  by  letter  \  To- 
tal, 35,213.  Kemovals  for  the  year,— 3  580  by  death,  8,205  by  dismi-^sal,  717  by  e.'icouinintiii-ition,  not 
specified,  82  ;  Total,  12,593.    Baptisms,— 10,618  Adult,  6,156  Infant.     In  Sabbath  Schools,  206  441. 


134  Statistics.  [Jan, 

REMARKS    UPON    THE    STATISTICS. 

It  is  next  to  useless  to  attempt  any  close  comparison  between  the  condition  of  our  churches 
as  reported  for  the  two  years,  1858  and  1859.  Those  of  the  former  year  were  but  an  attempt ; 
those  of  the  present,  a  commencement.  Both  are  imperfect ;  the  former  so  much  so  as  to  be 
of  very  little  value ;  the  latter,  a  fair  approximation,  though  still  below  the  truth.  Correcting, 
however,  errors  now  visible  in  the  enumeration  of  the  first  mentioned  year,  by  present  infor- 
mation, we  arrive  at  a  tolerable  understanding  of  the  general  condition  of  things. 

I.  Churches  and  Memheus.  In  1858,  as  printed  (corrected)  January  1,  1859,  there  were 
2,555  churches;  in  1850,  2,076  churches, — in  neither  case  including  those  not  reported  by 
Associations,  or  those  connected  with  Presbyteries.  In  1858,  there  were  239,586  members ;  in 
1859,  257,634.  In  Sabbath  Schools,  in  1858,  so  far  as  reported,  162,815;  in  1859,  206,441. 
These  figures,  with  the  comparative  additions,  will  be  better  seen  by  the  following : 

Additions.  Removals. 


In  1858, 
In  1859, 

Ciirrs. 

2.555 
2,676 

Slemhpr?. 

239.586 
257,634 

Prnf. 
13  248 

20,590 

Let. 
8,107 
9,623 

Total. 
22,175 
35,213 

D'fh. 

3,a38 
3,589 

Dis. 

6.S92 
8,205 

Exrr. 
612 
717 

Total. 
10,842 
12,593 

Sab.  Sch. 

162.815 

206,441 

That  is,  net  gain  of  churches,  121 ;  net  gain  of  member.ship,  18,048  ;  excess  of  additions  re- 
ported in  1859  over  those  in  1858,  13,038;  excess  of  removals  reported  in  1859  over  those  in 
1858,  1,751 ;  net  gain  in  Sabbath  Schools,  43.626.  If  any  one  asks  us  how  an  excess  of  addi- 
tions over  losses  in  1859,  amounting  to  22,620,  should  make  a  net  gain  of  only  18,048, — we  do 
not  know  ;  all  things  human  are  imperfect. 

As  to  the  ac/e  of  churches,  89  were  organized  prior  to  1700.  In  1700  and  prior  to  1800, — 617. 
Since,  (including  1800,)  1,970.  Within  the  last  ten  years,  403,  without  including  Ohio,  Mich- 
igan, New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  or  Jamaica,  none  of  which  report  the  years  of  organiza- 
tion. The  oldest  church  is  that  at  West  Barnstable,  Ms.,  which  was  organized  in  1616,  at 
Southwark,  London,  Eng.,  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Jacob,  and  which  emigrated  as 
an  organized  body.  Connecticut  follows — the  first  Church  in  Windsor  having  removed  thither 
from  Dorchester,  Ms.,  where  it  was  organized  in  1630!  The  Church  in  Hampton,  the  oldest 
in  N.  H.,  was  organized  in  1038,  in  Massachusetts.  The  Church  in  Barrington,  R.  I.,  was 
organized  in  1667.  The  first  Church  in  York,  Me.,  dates  from  1673.  The  Church  at  Ben- 
nington, Vt.,  was  formed  in  1762.  The  Church  at  Poospatuc  is  the  oldest  reported  from  New 
York,  dating  from  1750.  Chester,  N.  J.,  was  formed  in  1740.  The  other  States  come  within 
the  present  century. 

II.  Ministers.  Our  Summary  reports  2,531  ministers;  to  this  should  be  added  others 
whose  names  appear  on  p.  138,  and  the  whole  of  our  supplementary  list  following  the  main 
list  of  clergymen  ;  1,527  of  these  are  actually  connected  with  churches  as  pastors  or  stated 
supplies ;  of  the  remainder,  many  are  preaching  from  Sabbath  to  Sabbath  ;  10  are  reported  as 
Presidents  of  Colleges  ;  47  as  Professors  in  Colleges  or  Theological  Seminaries  ;  4  as  agents  of 
Colleges  ;  20  as  teachers  of  Academies,  &c.  ;  28  as  Secretaries  or  Agents  of  Benevolent  Socie- 
ties ;  5  as  Chaplains;  6  as  City  Missionaries  ;  Editors,  State  Officers,  &e.,  indefinite.  To  them 
are  to  be  added  the  150  we  have  sent  out  as  Foreign  Missionaries. 

Several  errors  have  occurred  which  the  reader  will  correct  without  suggestion.  Others  need 
notice.  The  Vermont  Total  is  right  in  the  Summarv,  but  not  in  the  tables,  where  we  inad- 
vertently copied  it  from  the  Minutes  of  that  State,  which,  though  beautifully  printed,  have 
perplexed  us  not  a  little  by  their  blindness  and  errors.  The  number  of  ministers  in  Michigan, 
p.  127,  should  be  80,  not  100.     The  church  in  Kewanee,  111.,  has  100,  not  500  members. 

III.  The  General  Associations  and  Conferences  are  mere  voluntary  collections  of  ministers 
or  churches,  with  no  ecclesiastical  authority  whatever.  The  names  of  those  bodies  are  found 
at  the  end  of  this  number. 

We  wish  to  suggest  to  the  various  Associations  the  dcsirablcnencss  of  agreeing  upon  some 
uniform  plan  as  to  the  essentials  of  statistics,  and  a  uniform  date.  We  venture  to  suggest  the 
items  in  these  tables — with  two  additions— as  the  best ;  the  additions  w"e  propose  are,  the  in- 
sertion of  the  date  of  ministerial  ordination,  in  every  case,  and  the  month  and  day  of  all  dates. 
Agreeing  in  these,  any  organization  could  add  other  items  at  pleasure.  We  suggest  July  1, 
as  the  best  date,  without  regard  to  times  of  meeting.  That  allows  statistics  to  be  printed  Jan. 
1,  with  ministerial  changes  to  date  of  printing.    Will  the  various  bodies  consider  it  this  year  ? 

With  the  experience  now  had  in  this  work,  we  propose,  if  God  spares  us,  next  year  to  have, 
in  good  order,  the  statistics  of  every  Church  of  our  faith  and  practice,  this  side  the  Atlantic. 


NAMES    OF    CLERGYMEN 


WITH    THE    POST-OFFICE    ADDRESS    OF    EACH. 


Concerning  the  following  list  several  things  are  to  he  noted. 

1.  We  h:ive  inserted  the  names  of  all  Orthodox  Congregational  ministers  as  reported  to  us  hy  the  officers 
of  the  various  General  Associations  and  Conferences  ;  and  such  others  as  came  to  our  knowledge  from  any 
reliahle  source. 

2.  We  have  omitted  from  this  list  every  name  whose  only  authority  consisted  in  its  heing  inserted  in  the 
last  Year-Book,  after  having,  however,  used  all  reasonable  endeavors  to  diminish  the  number.  These  names 
we  have  inserted  in  a  supplementary  list,  following  this  ;  such  of  these  as  shall  not  appear  to  be  regularly 
reported  next  year,  will  then  be  entirely  omitted. 

3.  We  have  corrected  the  Post-office  addresses  up  to  the  latest  moment.  That  many  will  prove  antiquated 
is  doubtless  true  ;  but  we  beg  leave  to  suggest  that  nobody  need  feel  astonished  that  the  public  are  not  ac- 
quainted with  all  his  movements ;  that  he  knows  where  he  is,  does  not  prove  that  everybody  else  knows. 

4.  We  have  not  taken  the  trouble  to  index  ministers  whom  we  cannot  locate  in  narrower  quarters  than  a 
State— on  account  of  the  somewhat  indefinite  nature  of  such  a  Post-office  address. 

5.  Where  changes  have  occurred,  but  to  what  place  we  are  ignorant,  we  have  inserted  "  late  of,"  &c. 

6.  We  have  made  very  diligent  effort  to  supply  whole  first  names  in  place  of  melancholy  initials.  We 
beg  leave  to  suggest  to  such  as  are  obstinately  beut  upon  the  latter  practice,  1,  that  it  is  very  convenient  to 
others  to  know  the  said  title  ;  2,  even  a  lazy  man  will  not  be  seriously  injured  by  the  extr*  labor,  an  ava- 
ricious man  will  not  seriously  feel  the  cost  of  the  additional  ink,  and  a  busy  man  will  not  miss  the  requisite 
time  ;  3.  there  is  no  need  of  being  ashamed  of  one's  name,  provided  one  behaves  well.  Therefore  all  delin- 
quents in  this  particular  we  earnestly  request  to  give  us  immediately  the  requisite  information. 

7.  In  looking  for  a  name  of  various  spellings,  or  for  similar  names,  look  at  each  form,  thus  :  Andrews,  An- 
drus;  Armes.Arms;  Bacheler,  Batcheler,  Batchelder  ;  Birchard,  Burchard  ;  Clark,  Clarke  ;  Cook,  Cooke  ; 
Smith,  Smythe  ;  and  the  like.  All  contracted  names,  like  "  Me  "  and  "  St."  are  in  order  of  contraction,  not 
of  the  full  word. 

8.  Send  us  information  of  all  mistakes,  no  matter  how  slight,  as  soon  as  you  find  them. 


Abbe  Frederick  R.,  Abington,  Ms. 

Abbott  Benjamin,  Barre,  Vt. 

Abbott  Edward  F.,  Tpswich,  Ms. 

Abbott  Jacob  J.,  Uxbiidge,  Ms. 

Abbott  Joseph,  Beverly,  Ms. 

Abbott  John  S.  C.,  Farmington,  Me. 

Abernethy  Henry  C  ,  Oneida,  HI 

Adair  L.  S.,  Ossawatoraie,  K.  T. 

Adams  Aaron  C,  Lewistnn  Falls,  Me. 

Adams  Calvin  C,  Fremont,  111. 

Adams  Charles  S.,  Westford,  Ct. 

Adams  Darwin,  Auburn,  Ms. 

Adams  Ephraim,  Decoruh,  lo. 

Adams  Ezra,  Gilsum.  N.  II. 

Adams  Ezra  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Adams  George  E.,  D.D.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Adams  George  M.,  Conway,  Ms. 

Adams  George  W.,  Riverport,  R.  I. 

Adams  Harvey,  Farmington,  lo. 

Adams  Jonathan,  Boothbay,  Me. 

Adams  Jonathan  E.,  New  Sharon,  Me. 

Adams  John,  Hanover  Center,  N.  U. 

Adams  John  C,  P'almouth,  Me. 

Adams  John  K.,  Gorham.  Me. 

Adams  L   P.,  Fitch  Bay.  C   E. 

Adams  Neheniiah,  D.D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Aiken  Charles  A.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

Aiken  James,  Hanover,  Ms. 

Aiken  J.,  Charlestown,  Ms. 

Aiken  Silas,  D.D.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

Aiken  William  P.  Newington,  Ct. 

Albro  John  A.,  D.D.,  Cambridge,  Ms, 

Alden  Ebenezer,  Jr.,  Marshfield,  Ms. 

Alden  E.  J.,  Mettine:igue,  Ms. 

Alden  Edmund  K.,  South  Boston,  Ms. 

Alden  Lucius.  New  Castle,  N.  II. 

Alexander  William,  Bridgewater,  Vt. 

Allen  A.  S.,  Black  Earth,  Wis. 

Allen  Benjamin  K.,  Marblehead,  Ms. 

Allen  Cyrus  U'.,  Hubliardston,  Ms. 

Allen  Ejihraim  W,,  South  Berwick,  Me. 

Allen  George,  Worcester,  Ms. 

Allen  George  E.,  Cambridgeport,  Ms. 

Alleu  Henry,  late  of  SaxODville,  Ms. 

Allen  M.,  Faimei's  Rock,  Mich. 

Alleu  S.imuel  II..  Windsor  Locks,  Ct. 

Allen  Wiilifim,  Drncut,  Ms. 

Allen  \\illi:im,  D.D.,  Northampton,  Ms. 

AUworth  William,  Ryckman's  Corner,  C.  W. 


Alvord  Alanson,  Milan,  Mich. 

Alvord  John  W.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Ambrose  Thomas  L.,  Persia. 

Amermau  Thomas  A.,  Waukau,  Wis. 

Ames  Marcus,  North  Chelsea,  Ms. 

Aaisden  Benjamin  W.,  Delhi,  Iowa. 

Anderson  Edward,  St.  Joseph,  Mich. 

Anderson  James,  Manchester,  Vt. 

Anderson  Joseph,  Grand  Haven,  Mich. 

Anderson  Joseph,  Stamford,  Ct. 

Anderson  Rut'us,  D  D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Andrews  David,  VVabaushaw,  Minn. 

Andrews  Dean,  Marshall,  111. 

Andrews  Eben  B.,  I  Professors, 

Andrews  Israel  W.,  D.D.,  )  Marietta,  0. 

Andrews  Samuel  J.,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Audrus  Elizur,  Niles,  Mich. 

Angier  Luther  H.,  South  Maiden,  Ms. 

Angler  Marshall  B.,  Hopkinton,  N.  H. 

Anthony  George  N.,  Great  Falls,  N.  H. 

Apthorp  William  P.,  late  of  Moultonboro',  N.  H. 

Armes,  see  Arms. 

Armes  Josiah  L.,  Wilmot,  N.  H. 

Armour  John,  Kelvin,  C.  W.  ^ 

Arms  Hiram  P.,  Norwich  Town,  Ct. 

Arms  Selah  R.,  Springfield,  Vt. 

Armsby  Lauren,  Faribault,  Min. 

Armstrong  Henry  A.,  late  of  Se.abrook,  N.  H. 

Armstrong  Robert  S.,  South  Canton,  N.  Y. 

Arnold  Joel  R.,  South  Coventry,  Ct. 

Arnold  L.  F.,  Rome,  0- 

Arnold  Seth  S.,  West  Townshend,  Vt. 

Ashby  John  L.,  Saccarappa,  Me. 

Ashley  S.  S.,  Northboro,  Ms. 

Atkins  Laurence  S.,  Madison,  0. 

Atkinson  George  II.,  Oregon  City. 

Atkinson,  Timothy,  Westport,  Ct. 

Atkinson  William  B.,  Plymouth,  111. 

Atwater  Edward  E.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Atwater  H.  C,  Minneapolis,  Min. 

Atwater  Jason,  West  Haven,  Ct. 

Atwater  William  W.,  New  Haven.  Ct. 

Atwood  Anson  S.,  Mansfield  Center,  Ct. 

Atwood  Edward  S.,  Grantville,  Ms. 

Austin  David  R.,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Austin  Franklin  D.,  East  Jaffrey,  N.  H. 

Austin  Henry  A.,  Huutingtou.  Ms. 

Austin  Samuel  J.,  Wilton,  N.  II. 

Averill  James,  Plymouth  Hollow,  Ct. 


142 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


Avery  Frederick  D.,  Columbia,  Ct. 

Avery  Jared  II.,  Franklin,  Ct. 

Avery  John,  Lebanon,  Ct. 

Avery  John  T.,  Cleveland,  0. 

Avery  William  F.,  Sparta,  Wis. 

Avery  William  P.,  Chapin,  Iowa. 

Ayer  Charle.s  L.,  Collamer,  Ct. 

Ayer  Jo.^eph,  East  Lyme,  Ct. 

Ayres  Frederick  II  ,  Long;  lUdge,  Ct. 

Ayres  Kowland.  Hadley  Ms. 

Babcock  Daniel  II.,  Marbiehead,  Ms. 

Bachelder  John  S^.,  Jaffrey,  N.  II. 

Bacheler  Francis  K.  M.,  Patchogue,  N.  Y. 

Bacheller  Giiman,  Machia.s  Port,  Me. 

Backus  Jo.seph  W  ,  Leomioster.  Ms. 

Backus  Samuel,  Brooklvn,  N.  Y. 

Bacon  Eli.sha,  Ct-nterville,  .Ms. 

Bacon  Jame.'i  M.,  Essex,  Ms. 

Bacon  Leonard,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Bacon  Leonard  W.,  Litchfield,  Ct. 

Bacon  William  II.,  I'omfret,  Ct. 

Bacon  William  T.,  Woodbui-y,  Ct. 

Badger  Milton,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Bailey  Luther,  EastMedway,  Ms. 

Bailey  Nathaniel  P.,  Painesville,  O. 

Bailey  Phineas,  Albany,  Vt. 

Baird  Enoch  F.,  Center,  Ohio. 

Baird  John  G.,  Ceuterbrook,  Ct. 

Baird  Kobert  G.,  Tort  Sarnia,  C.  W. 

Baker  A.  A.,  Cornwall,  Vt. 

Baker  Abijah  R.,  West  Needham,Ms. 

Baker  Edward  P.,  Dennysville,  Me. 

Baker  John,  late  of  Wilton,  Me. 

Baker  J.  D.,  Cambridge,  111. 

Baker  Silas,  Standish,  Me. 

Baker  Smith,  Veazie,  Me. 

Baker  Thomas,  Newmarket,  C.  W. 

Baldwin  Abraham  C,  Durham,  Ct. 

Baldwin  A.  E.,  Akron,  or  Pella,  0. 

Baldwin  Curtis  C,  Ridgeville,  0. 

Baldwin  John  D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Baldwin  Joseph  B.,  West  Hawley,  Ms. 

Baldwin  Thomas,  Lowell,  Vt. 

Baldwin  William  A.,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

Balkham  Uriah,  Lewiston,  Me. 

Ballard  Addison,  Williamstown,  Ms. 

Ballard  James,  Lamont,  Mich. 

Ballard  Josiah,  Carlyle,  Ms. 

Bancroft  David,  Prescott,  Ms. 

Bane  ,  Irasburg,  Vt. 

Banister  Seth  W.,  late  of  Ware,  Ms. 
Barber  Alanson  D.,  Williston,  Vt. 
Barber  .Amzi  D.,  Bellevue,  0. 
Barber  Elihu,  Naperville,  III. 
Barber  Luther  11.,  Ilitchcockville,  Ct. 
Barbour  Henry,  Ameniaville,  N.  Y. 
Barbour  Nelson,  Jamaica,  Vt. 
Bardwell  D.  Magee,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 
Bardwell  Horatio,  D.D.,  Oxford,  Ms. 
Barker  Enoch,  Eramosa,  C.  W. 
Barker  Isaac,  Ga  esburg,  Mich. 
Barker  Nathaniel,  Wakefield,  N.  II. 
Barnard  Pliny  F.,  Willinmstown,  Vt. 
Barnard  Stephen  A.,  Willsborough,  N.  Y. 
Barnes  Asa,  North  Ashburnham,  Ms. 
Barnes  Jeremiah  K.,  Cannon  Falls,  Min. 
Barnes  N.  II.,  Dowagiac,  Mich. 
Barnes  William,  Chandlerville,  III. 
Barney  James  0.,  Seekonk,  Ms. 
Barnum  George.  Somerset,  Mich, 
liarnum  Samuel  W.,  Phillipston,  Ms. 
Barrett  George  J.,  Summer  Hill,  111. 
Harris  Joseph  S.,  Kiploy,  N.  Y. 
Barrows  Elijih  P.,  D.D.,  Andover,  Ms. 
Barrows  George  W..  Salisbury,  Vt. 
Barrows  Homer.  Atkinson  Depot,  N.  U. 
Barrows  Willi:ini,  Heading,  Ms. 
Barstow  Ezrkiel  ![.,  Newton  Center.  Ms. 
Barstow  Zedekiah  S.,  D.D.,  Keene,  N.  II. 
Bartlett  Enoch  N.,  Newton,  Iowa. 
Bartlett  Francis,  Belpre,  0. 
Bartlett  Joseph,  liuxton.  Me. 
Bartlett  Samuel  C,  Chicago,  111. 
Bartlett  William  A.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Barton  (Charles  B.,  Woodburn.  111. 
Barton  Frederick  A.,  Indian  Orchard,  Ms. 
Bascom  E.,  Center,  Wis. 


Bascom  Flavel,  Dover,  111. 

Bascom  John,  North  Pownal,  Tt. 

Biissett  William  E.,  Norfolk,  Ct. 

Bates  Alvan  J.,  Lincoln,  Me. 

Bates  Henry,  Almont,  Mich. 

Bate^  James,  Granhy.  Ms. 

Bates  Philander,  Cortlandville,  N.  Y. 

Batt  William  J.,  Stoneham,  Ms. 

Bayliss  Samuel,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Baxter  Benjamin  S.,  Bangor,  Wis. 

Beach  Aaron  C,  Southington,  Ct. 

Beach  L.  B.,  Pierpont.  0. 

Beach  Nathaniel,  Little  Compton,  R.  I. 

Beadle  Elias  R.,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Beanian  Charles  C,  Salem,  Ms. 

Beaman  AVarren  H.,  North  Hadley,  Ms. 

Bean  Samuel,  late  of  Little  Compton,  K.  I. 

Beard,  Spen>er  F.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Beardsley  Brouson  B.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Beardsley  Julius  0.,  Bedford,  0. 

Beardsley  Nehemiah  H.,  Somers,  Ct. 

Beardsley  William,  Farmridge,  111. 

Beckwith  George  C,  D.D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Beckwith  John  H.,  Barton,  Vt. 

Beebee  Hubbard,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Beecher  Charles,  Georgetown,  Ms. 

Beecher  Edward,  D.D.,  Galesburg,  III. 

Beecher  Henry  Ward,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Beecher  Lyman,  D.D..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Beecher  Thomas  K.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

Beecher  William  H.,  North  Brookfield,  Ms. 

Belden  Ilenrv,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Belden  Web.s"ter  W.,  Dayville,  Ct. 

Belden  William,  New  York. 

Belden  William  W.,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

Bell  Hiram,  Killingsworth,  Ct. 

Bell  James  M.,  Ashby,  Ms. 

Beman  ,\mos  G.,  Portland,  Me. 

Bement  William,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

Benedict  Lewis,  Geneva,  111. 

Benedict  Thomas  N.,  Brookfield,  Ct. 

Benedict  William  A.,  Plainfield,  Ct. 

Benjamin  W.,  Shinuecock,  N.  Y. 

Bennett  Ethan  O.,  Crawfordville,  Iowa. 

Bennett  Jo-seph  L.,  Lockport,  N   Y 

Benson  Almon,  Center  Harbor,  N.  U. 

Ben.son  Homer  II.,  Waupun,  Wis. 

Bent  George,  Lansing,  lo. 

Bent  Jo.sephA.,  Hoyleton,  HI. 

Bentley  Charles,  West  Willington,  Ct. 

Benton  Joseph  A.,  Folsom,  Cal. 

Benton  Joseph  E.,  Mission  Dolores,  Cal. 

Benton  Samuel  A.,  Anamosa,  Iowa. 

Benton  William  A.,  Aleppo,  Syria. 

Bernard  W.  H.,  Shopiere,  Wis. 

Bicknell  Simeon  S.,  Milton,  Wis. 

Bigelow  Asahel,  Hancock,  N.  H. 

Bigelow  Andrew,  Medfield,  Ms. 

Bigelow  Warren,  Black  River  Falls,  Wia. 

Billings  Richard  S.,  Shelburn,  Ms. 

Bingham  Joel  K.,  Goshen,  Ct. 

Bingham  Joel  S.,  Westfield,  Ms. 

Bingham  Hiram,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Birohard  William  W.,  Broad  Brook,  Ct. 

Bird  Isaac,  Hertford,  Ct. 

Eirge  Ebenezer  C,  Algonqnin,  III. 

Bisbee  John  H.,  Worthingtoii,  Ms. 

Biscoe  Thomas  C,  Grafton,  Ms. 

Bishop  Nelson,  Windsor,  Vt. 

Bissell  Samuel  B.  S.,  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Bissell  Oscar,  Westmoreland.  N.  H. 

Bi.ssell  E.  C,  Westhampton,  Ms. 

Bittinger  Joseph  B.,  late  of  Cleveland,  O. 

Bixby  Solomon,  Fayetteville,  Vt. 

Black  lloberr  K.,  Lanark,  C.  W.  ] 

Blagden  George  W.,  D.D  ,  Boston,  Ms. 

Blake  I).  H.,  Meudota,  III. 

Bliike  Henry  15.,  Helchertown,  Ms. 

Blake  Jeremiah,  Barnstead,  N.  II. 

Blake  Joseph,  Cumberland  Center,  Me. 

Blake  Mortimer,  Taunton,  Ms. 

Blakely  Abraham,  Dover,  0. 

Blakely  Quincy,  Hodman,  N.  Y. 

Blakeman  Phinehas,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Blakeslee  Samuel  V.,  Folsom,  (!al. 

Blanchard  Amos,  D.D.,  Lowell,  Ms, 

Blanchard  Amos,  Mcriden,  N.  U. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


143 


Blanchard  Jonathan,  D.D.,  Oalcsburg,  111. 
Blanchard  Nathaniel  1?.,  Plymouth,  Ms. 
Blanchard  aiasM.,  AVentworth,  N.  II. 
Bliss  Asher.  Croydon,  Penn. 
Bliss  Isaac  G.,  late  of  Southbridge,  Ms. 
Bliss  Thomas  K.,  Blaokstoce,  Ms. 
Blifs  Zenas,  Amherst,  Ms. 
Blodgett  Constantine,  Pawtucket,  R   I. 
Blodgett  Kdward  P.,  Oreenwich,  Ms. 
Blood  Charles  E.,  Manhattan,  K.  T. 
Blood  John,  Huntington,  Ct. 
Bloodgood  Abraham  L.,  Enfield,  Ct. 
Boardnian  Charles  A.,  Monroe,  Wis. 
Boardman  Elderkim  J.,  Biimingham,  To. 
Boardnian  Samuel  W.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 
Bodwell  Abraham,  Sanbornton,  N.  H. 
Bodwell  Joseph  C,  Framingham,Ms. 
Bodwell  l^ewis,  Topeka,  K.  T. 
Baggs  James,  New  Corjdon,  Ind. 
Boies  Il.irper.  Harpersfield,  N.  T. 
Bond  Alvan,  D.U.,  Norwich,  Ct. 
Bond  William  B.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 
Boody  Henry  II.,  late  of  Brunswick,  Me. 
Borden  Edmund  W..  Salem,  Mich. 
Bordwell  Daniel  N.,  Le  Claire,  Iowa. 
Bosworth  Byron,  late  of  Kingston,  Ms. 
Bourne  Shearjashub,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 
Boutelle  Asaph,  Peacham,  Yt. 
Boutelle  Thomas,  Ashburnham,  Ms. 
Bouton  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  Concord,  N.  H. 
Boutwell  James,  Sanbornton,  N.  H. 
Boutwell  William  T.,  Stillwater,  Min. 
Bowers  John,  St.  Johnsbury  East,  Vt. 
Bowker  Samuel,  Turner,  Me. 
Bowler  Stephen  L  ,  Orono,  Me. 
Boyd  James,  Yankleek  Hill,  C.  W. 
Boynton  Charles,  Mineral  Point,  Wis. 
Boynton  Charles  B.,  Cincinnati,  0. 
Boynton  John,  Wiscafset.  Me. 
Brace  Joab,  D.D.,  PittsCeld,  Ms. 
Brace  Jonathan,  Milford,  Ct. 
Bradford  Ditna  B.,  Salmon  Falls,  N.  U. 
Bradford  Moses  B.,  Grafton,  Vt. 
Bradford  Samuel,  Montague,  Ms. 
Bradley  Caleb,  Westbrook,  Me. 
Bradley  Thomas  S.,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 
Bradshaw  John,  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. 
Brapg  Jesse  K.,  Brookfield,  Ms. 
Brainard  Pavis  S.,  Lyme,  Ct. 
Brainard  Timothy  G.,  Halifax,  Ms. 
Braman  Slilton  P.,  D.D.,  Danvers,  Ms. 
Branch  Edwin  T.,  Oakwood,  Mich. 
Bray  John  E.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Bray  William  McK.,  Pittston,  Me. 
Breed  Charles  C,  Iladley,  111. 
Breed  Dayid,  Jr  ,  Lisbon,  Ct. 
Breed  William  J.,  Southboro',  Ms. 
Breniner  David,  Kock^iort,  Ms. 
Brewer  .Tosiah,  Hnusatonic, -Ms. 
Brewster  Cyrus,  Haydenville,  Ms. 
Brice  John  G.,  Winchester,  Ind. 
Brickett  Harry,  Hillsboro'  Bridge,  N.  H. 
Bridge  Henry  M.,  late  of  Warwick,  Ms. 
Bridgeman  Lewis,  Middli  field,  Ms. 
Briggs  Isaac,  North  Rochester,  Ms. 
Briggs  AVilliam  T.,  Princeton,  Ms. 
Brigham  Charles  A.  G.,  Enfield.  Ct. 
Brigham  David,  Bridgewater,  Ms. 
Brigham  John  C,  D.D.,  New  York. 
Brigham  Levi,  Saugus,  Ms. 
Brigham  Willard,  Ashfield,  Ma. 
Brinsmade  Horatio  N.,  D.D.,  Beloit,  Wis. 
Brintnall  Loren  W.,  Lifayette,  0. 
Bristol  Richard  (".,  De  Ka'lb  Center,  111. 
Bristol  Sherlock,  Eimwood,  HI. 
Brodt  J.  H.,  Petaluma,  Cal. 
Bronson  George  F.,  Paris  Hill,  N.  Y. 
Bronson  Matthew  C.,  Smyrna,  N.  Y. 
Brooks  Charles,  Byfield,  Ms. 
Brooks  Edward  F.,  late  of  Gill,  Ms. 
Brown  Charles  M.,  Tremont,  Me. 
Brown  Edward,  North  La  Cross,  Wis. 
Brown  II,  W.,  Ripon,  Wis. 
Brown  Hope,  Rockford,  111. 
Brown  J.  W.,  Manchester,  Vt. 
Brown  Sidney  S.,  Concord,  Mich. 
Brown  Silas  C.,  West  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 


Brown  Simeon,  Lebanon,  0. 

Brown  William  B.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Brownlee  James,  Brownville,  K.  T. 

Bryan  George  A.,  West  Haven,  Ct. 

Bryant  Sidney,  East  Granby,  Ct. 

Bucher  G.  B.,  Granby,  C.  E. 

Buck  Edward,  Uninn,  Me. 

Buck  Edwin  A.,  Slatersville,  11.  I. 

Buck  Edward  II.,  Melrose,  Ms. 

Buckham  James,  Fairfield,  Vt. 

Buckingham  Samuel  G.,  Springfield,  Ms. 

Bucklin  Sylvester  F.,  Marlboro,  Ms. 

Budge  Henry,  Lyon's  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Budington  William  I.,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Bulfinch  John  J.,Boothbay  Harbor,  Me. 

Bulkley  Edwin  A.,  Gioton,  Ms. 

Bulkley  Charles  H.  A.,  Patterson,  N.  J. 

Bull,  Pilchard  B.,  Aurora,  111. 

Bullard  Asa,  Boston,  Ms. 

BuUard  Charles  H..348  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

Bullard  Ebenezer  W.,  Royalston,  Ms. 

BuUen  Henry  L.,  Prof.,  Davenport,  lo. 

Burbank  Justin  E.,  Carimona,  !VIin. 

Burchard  Jedediah,  Adams,  N.  Y. 

Burdett  Michael,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Burgess  Chalon,  Little  A^alley,  N.  Y. 

Burgess  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  Dedham,  Ms. 

Burgess  Ebenezer,  Dracut,  Ms. 

Burgess  Oliver,  Four  Corners,  0. 

Bur);e.ss  William,  South  wold,  C.  W. 

Burnap  Bliss,  Parishville,  N.  Y. 

Burneil  Thomas  S.,  Madura,  India. 

Burnham  Abraham,  Haverhill,  Ms. 

Burnham  Amos  W.,  D.D.,  Rindge,  N.  H. 

Burnham  Charles,  Meredith,  N.  H. 

Burnham  Jonas,  Farmington,  Me. 

Burpee  Archibald,  Coburg,  C.  W. 

Burr  Enoch  F.,  Hamburg,  Ct. 

Burr  Willard,  Ravenna,  0. 

Burr  Zalmon  B.,  Westport.  Ct. 

Burt  Daniel  C  ,  Berkley,  Ms. 

Burt  David,  Winona,  Min. 

Burt  Edmund,  Gilead,  Me. 

Burton  Horatio  N.,  Newbury,  Vt. 

Burton  Nathaniel  J.,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Bushnell  A.  W.,  Leroy,  Mich. 

Bushnell  George,  Waterbury,  Ct. 

Bushnell  Horace,  D.D  ,  St.  Anthony,  Min. 

Bushnell  William,  Boston,  Ms. 

Buss  Henry,  Nora,  HI. 

Butler  Daniel,  Groton,  Ms. 

Butler  Franklin,  Windsor,  Vt. 

Butler  Jeremiah,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 

Butler  James  D.  Marietta.  0. 

Butterfield  George,  Elk  River,  lo. 

Butterfield  Horatio  Q  ,  Ilallowell,  Me. 

Buxton  Edward,  West  Boscawen,  N.  H. 

Byiugton,  Ezi'a  H.,  Windsor,  Vt. 

Byington  >'wil't.  Boston,  Ms. 

Byrd  John  11.,  Atchinson,  K.  T. 

Byrne  .Tames  T.,  Whitby,  C.  W. 

Cadwell  C.  C,  Richmond,  Wis. 

Cady  Calvin  B.,  Alburgh,  Vt. 

Cady  Cornelius  S.,  Anamosa,  Iowa. 

Cady  Daniel  R.,  West  Cambridge,  Ms. 

Caldwell  William  E.,  Salem,  III. 

Calhoun  George  A  ,  D.D  ,  North  Coventry,  Ct. 

Camp  Albert  B.,  Bristol,  Ct. 

Camp  .'Vmzi,  New  York. 

Camp  Charles  W.,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 

Campbell  Alexander  B.,  Mendon,  111. 

Campbell  D.  A.,  Richford,  Wis. 

Campbell  D.  B.,  Vienna.  Mich. 

Campbell  G.  W.,  Kensington,  N.  H. 

Campbell  John,  Indian  Lands,  C.  W. 

Campbell  Randolph,  Newburyport,  Ms. 

Campbell  William  M.,  Charlestown,  Mich. 

Cantield  Philo,  Sparta,  Wis. 

Canfield  Thomas  H.,  Bellevue,  lo. 

Capron  William  B.,  Madura,  India. 

Garden  James  G.,  Pine  Grove,  N.  Y. 

Carey  Maurice,  Galesburg,  lo. 

Carlton  Hiram,  West  Barnstable,  Ms. 

Carpenter  Eber,  Southbridge,  Ms. 

Carpenter  Elbridge  G.,  Houlton,  Me. 

Carpenter  E.  Ervin,  Barre,  Vt. 

Carruthers  John  J.,  D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 


144 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


Carruthers  TTilliam,  Sandwich,  Ms. 

Carter  James  E.,  Greenport  N.  V. 

Carter  William,  Pittstield.  111. 

Carver  Robert.  Taunton,  Ms. 

Case  Ira,  Crojdon,  N.  II. 

Case  Rufus,  West  Lebanon,  N.  H. 

Ca.sweU  Enoch  H.,  Hooksett,  N.  II. 

Catlin  William  E..  Lima,  Mich. 

Chamberlain  Charles,  Eastford,  Ct. 

Chamberlain  Joshua  L.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Chamberlain  P.  B..  Portland,  Or. 

ChampUn  S.  W.,  Turner,  111. 

Chandler  Azariah,  D.D.,  Greenfield,  Ms. 

Chandler  Joseph.  Brattleboro  West,  Vt. 

Chaney  Lucian  W.,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 

Chapin  Franklin  P..  Camden,  Me. 

Chapiu  Henry  M.,  Grandville,  Wis. 

Chapin  Nathan  C,  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

Chapman  .\ndre\v  W.,  Seward,  111. 

Chapman  Calvin,  Foxcroft,  Me.  or  Chatham, Ms. 

Chapman  Daniel.  Lyndon,  111. 

Chapman  Elias,  Great  Falls,  N.  H. 

Chapman  Edward  D.,  .SinclearTJUe,  N.  Y. 

Chapman  Frederick  W.,  Ellington,  Ct. 

Chapman  Jacob,  Marshall,  111. 

Charlton ,  Medina,  0. 

Charpiot  Lewis  E.,  South  Coventry,  Ct. 

Chase  Benjamin,  Attleboro,  Ms. 

Chase  Ebeuezer,  West  Tisbury,  Ms. 

Chase  Moses,  Stockholm,  N.  Y. 

Cheever  George  B.,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Cheever  Henry  T.,  Jewett  City,  Ct. 

Cherry  Henry,  Dowagiac,  Mich. 

Cheseborough  Amos  S.,  Glastenbury,  Ct. 

Chickering  John  W.,  D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 

Child  Willard,  D.D.,  Castleton,  Vt. 

Childs  Alexander  C,  Kehoboth,  Ms. 

Childs  Rufus,  Berlin,  Vt. 

Chipman  R.  Manning,  Wolcottville,  Ct. 

Church  Bethuel  C,  tirandville,  Mich. 

Church  Lot,  Huntley,  111. 

Churchill  Charles  11.,  Oberlin,  0. 

Chute  Ariel  P.,  Ware,  Ms. 

Claggett  Erastus  B.,  Lyndeboro,  N.  H. 

Claggett  William,  Bennington,  N.  II. 

Clapp  Erastus,  Southwick,  Ms. 

Clapp  Luther,  Wauwatosa,  Wis. 

Clapp  Alexander  II.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Clapp  Sumner  G.,  Sturbri'lge,  Ms. 

Clark  Anson,  Hartford,  Wis. 

Clark  Asa  F.,  Ludlow,  Vt. 

Cl.ark  Benjamin  F  ,  North  Chelmsford,  Ms. 

Clark  C.  R.,  Erickton,  111. 

Clark  Clinton,  Ridgefield,  Ct. 

Clark  Dorus,  Waltham,  Ms 

Clark  Edson  L.,  Dalton,  Ms. 

Clark  Edward  W.,  Auburndale,  Ms. 

Clark  Elias,  Rochester,  Min. 

Clark  Eli  B.,  Chicopee,  Ms. 

Clark  Henry,  Avon,  Ct. 

Clark  Jra,  Galesburg.Mich. 

Clark  Jacob  S.,  Mo.-gan,  Vt. 

Clark  James  A.,  Cromwell,  Ct. 

Clark  John,  Plymouth,  N.  H. 

Clark  Jonas  B.,  Swamscott,  Ms. 

Clark  Josiah  B.,  Rupert,  Vt. 

Clark  Joseph  S.,  D.D  ,  Boston,  Ms. 

Clark  Lewis  F.,  Whitinsville,  Ms. 

Clark  Nathaniel,  G.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Clark  Nelson,  Tiverton,  li.  I. 

Clark  N.  Catlin,  Elgin,  111. 

Clark  Philetus,  Sharon,  Vt. 

Clark  Perkins  K.,  South  Deerfield,  Ms. 

Clark  Rufus  W.,  D.D..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Clark  Sereno  D.,  Sunderland,  Ms. 

Clark  Solomon,  Plainfield,  Ms. 

Clark  Sumner,  Wolfboro,  N.  H. 

Clark  Theodore  J.,  Cummington,  Ms. 

Clark  \>'illiam,  Amherst,  N.  H. 

Clark  William  B.,  North  Cornwall,  Ct. 

Clarke  Benjamin  F.,  Wincheodon,  Ms. 

Clarke  Edward,  Chesterfield,  Ms. 

Clarke  Tertius  S.,  D.D.,  Cuyahoga  Falls,  0. 

Clarke  William,  Dresden,  C.  W. 

Clary  Dexter,  Beloit,  Wis. 


Clary  Timothy  1'.,  Wareham,  Ms. 
Cleavelaud  E.,  Richmond,  C.  £. 


Cleaveland  Elisha  L.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Cleaveland  James  B.,  South  Egremont,  3Is. 

Cleaveland  John  P..  D.D.,  Lowell.  Ms. 

Clement  Jonathan,  D.D.,  Woodstock,  Vt. 

Clift  William,  Stonington,  Ct. 

Climie  John,  Belleville,  C.  W. 

CUnton  0.  P.,  Menasha,  Wis. 

Clisbee  Edward  P.,  Olmstead,  0. 

Cloves  Dana,  South  Reading,  Ms. 

Cobb  Alvan,  Taunton,  Ms. 

Cobb  Asahel.  New  Bedford,  Ms. 

Cobb  Henry  \V.,  Atlantt,  111. 

Cobb  Leander,  Marion,  Ms. 

Cobb  L.  Henry,  North  Andover,  Ms. 

Cobb  Nathaniel,  Kingston,  Ms. 

Coburn  D.  N.,  Monson,  Ms. 

Coburn  L.  S.,  Weston,  Vt. 

Cochran  Samuel  D  ,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Cochran  Sylvester,  Northville,  Mich. 

Cochran  William,  Brodhead,  Wis. 

Coe  Noah,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Coe  Samuel  G.,  Danbury,  Ct. 

Coe  Wales,  Crawfordsvilie,  Iowa. 

Coggin  Williams.,  Boxford,  Ms. 

Cogswell  Nathatiiel,  Yarmouth,  Ms. 

Colburn  Moses  M..  South  Dedham,  Ms. 

Colby  John,  Hampton,  N.  U. 

Cole  Albert,  Cornisli,  Me. 

Cole  Erastus,  Litchheld,  0. 

Cole  Samuel,  Weymouth,  0. 

Coleman  William  L.,  Staceyville,  Iowa. 

Collie  Joseph,  Delavan,  Wis. 

Collins  Augustus  B.,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Collins  William  H.,  Jacksonville,  111. 

Colman  Ebeu,  Princeton,  111. 

Colton  Aaron  M.,  East.  Hampton,  Ms. 

Colton  Henry  M.,  Middletown,  Ct. 

Colton  Theron  Gi,  Monsou,  Ms. 

Colton  Willis  S.,  Wetherstield,  Ct. 

Coltrine  Nathaniel  P.,  Griggsville,  HI. 

Comings  Elam  J  ,  Gustavus,  0. 

Comstock  David  C.,  Stamford,  Ct. 

Conant  Joseph  H.,  Freedom,  Me. 

Conant  Liba,  Hebron,  N.  U. 

Condit  Czal  W.,  Deerfield,  N   H. 

Condon  Thomas,  Grand  Prairie,  Oregon. 

Coue  Luther  H.,  Chicopee,  Ms. 

Cone  S.  S.,  Piano,  HI. 

Conklin  Robert  II.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Conley  J.,  Stone  Bank,  Wis. 

Connell  D.,  Schroon,  N.  Y. 

Converse  John  K.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Conville  G.  N.,  Bryubereau,  0. 

Cook  Chauucey,  Ottawa,  111. 

Cook  Elisha  W.,  Townsend,  Ms. 

Cook  Joseph  T  ,  Elgin,  111. 

Cook  Jonathan  B.,  Wells,  Me. 

Cook  Nehemiah  B.,  Mystic,  Ct. 

Cook  Russell  S.,  New  York. 

Cook  Stephen,  Austin,  Min. 

Cooke  Parsons,  D.D.,  Lynn,  Ms. 

Cooke  Theodore,  \\  oonsocket,  R.  I. 

Cooley  Henry,  VVest  Suffieid,  Ct. 

Cooley  Oramel  W.,  Nora,  111. 

Coolidge  Amos  H.,  Leicester,  Ms. 

Cooper  Joseph  C,  Salem,  lo. 

Copeland  Jonathan,  Clinton,  K.  T. 

Copp,  Joseph  A.,  D.D.,  Chelsea,  Ms. 

Coruell  James  G.,  Pine  Grove,  N.  Y. 

Cordley,  Christopher  M.,  West  Brookfield,  Ms 

Cordley  Richard,  Lawrence,  K.  T. 

Corning  William  H.,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Cornish  George,  Montreal,  C.  W. 

Corser  Enoch,  Loudon,  N.  H. 

Cory  John  E.,  West  Yarmouth,  Ms. 

Cottrell  George  W.,  Hartland,  Wis. 

Couch  Paul,  North  Cambridge,  Ma. 

Cowles  Cbauncey  D.,  Farmington,  Ct. 

Cowles  Henry,  Oberlin,  0. 

Cowles  John  P.,  Ipswich,  Ms. 

Cowles  Orson,  North  Haven,  Ct. 

Craig  Wheelock,  New  Bedford,  Ms. 

Craig  Henry  K.,  Bucksport,  Me. 

Crane  Ethan  B.,  Hunter's  Point,  N.  Y. 

Crane  Isaac  C.,Bronson,  Mich. 

Crane  Jonathan,  Stamford,  Ct. 

Crawford  Robert,  D.D.,  Deerfield,  Ms. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymm. 


145 


Cressey  George  W.,  Buxton  Center,  Me. 

Crosby  Josiah  D.,  Ashburnham,  Ms. 

Cross  Gorham,  Richville,  N.  Y. 

Cross  John,  Bataviu,  lil. 

Cross  Jo.'^eph  \V.,  Waukegan,  III. 

Cross  Moses  K.,  Tipton,  lo. 

Cryer  George,  IJozrahville,  Ct. 

Cumming.s  Ephraim  C.,  Brewer,  Me. 

Cumuiings  Jacob,  E.xeter,  N.  H. 

Cuaimings  Henry,  Newport,  N.  H. 

Cummings  Iliram,  Oroville,  Cal. 

Cunimings  Preston,  Ijeicesrer.  Ms. 

Cundall  Isaac  N.,  Kosendale,  Wis. 

Cunningham  John,  Gainesville,  N.  Y. 

Curtice  Corban,  Sanborntou  Bridge,  X.  II. 

Curtis  Charles  D.,  Coolville,  0. 

Curtis  Jonathan,  Woodstock,  Ct. 

Curtis  Lucius,  Colchester,  Ct. 

Curtis  Otis  F.,  Emerald  Grove,  Wis. 

Curtiss  Daniel  C,  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 

Curtiss  Erastus,  New  Salem,  Ms. 

Curtiss  Samuel  J.,  Union.  Ct. 

Cushing  Christopher,  North  Brookfield.  Ms. 

Cushing  James  R.,  East  Taunton,  Ms. 

Cushman  David.  Warren.  Me. 

Cu.shman  Job,  Marlboro".  Vt.,orNo.  Truro, Ms. 

Cushman  Kufus  S.,  Orwell,  Vt. 

Cutler  Brainerd  B.,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 

Cutler  Charles,  Franeestowu,  N.  H. 

Cutler  Ebenezer,  Wori-ester,  Ms. 

Cutter  Adouijah  II.,  Nelson,  N.  H. 

Cutter  Edward  F.  Beardstown,  111. 

Dada  William  B.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Daggett  Oliver  E  ,  D.D.,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y'. 

Dame  Charles,  Exeter,  N.  H. 

Dana  J.  Jay,  Adams,  Ms. 

Daniels  Hiram,  late  of  East  Medway,  Ms. 

Darling  George,  Hudson.  0. 

Darling  Samuel  D..  Brookfield,  Wis. 

Darling  Timothy,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 

Dashiell  Alfred  ll.,  Jr.,  Stockbridge,  Ms. 

Davenport  William,  Ocistield,  Me. 

Davidson  David  B.,  Monona,  Iowa. 

Davies  David,  Parishviile,  0. 

Davies  James,  Cambria,  0. 

Davies  John,  Spring  Green,  Wis. 

Davies  John  A.,  Oakbill,  0. 

Davies  Thomas  F.,  Westport,  Ct. 

Davies  T.  W.,  Ironton,  0. 

Davis  E.,  Tyn  Rhos,  0. 

Daris  Emerson,  D.D.,  Westfield,  Ms. 

Davis  Franklin,  North  Wreutham,  Ms. 

Davis  Increase  S.,  Piermont,  N.  H. 

Davis  John,  Oshkosh,  Wis. 

Davis  Josiah  G.,  Amherst,  N.  n. 

Davis  Timothy,  Kingston,  Ms. 

Day  Alvan,  Lisbon,  III. 

Day  Hiram,  Manchester  Station.  Ct. 

Day  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  New  Uaven,  Ct. 

Day  Pliny  B.,  Hollis,  N.  II. 

Day  Samuel,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Day  Warren,  Wauwatosa,  Wis. 

Dearing ,  Manchester,  N.  Sco. 

Delano  Samuel,  Strafford,  Vt. 
Deniond  Elijah,  East  Falmouth,  Ms. 
Denham  George,  Barre,  Ms. 
Denison  Andrew  C.  Medford,  Ms. 
Dennen  Stephen  R..  AVatertown,  Ms. 
Dennis  Rodney  G.,  Grafton,  Ms. 
■Denney  Uii-am,  Cheltenham,  C.  W. 
Dewey  Chester,  D.D.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Dewey  William,  Sweden,  N.  Y. 
Dexter  Henry  M  ,  Boston,  Ms. 
Dickerman  Lysander.  Gloucester,  Ms. 
Dickinson  Daniel  S.,  Marion,  Iowa. 
Dickinson  Erastus,  Sudbury,  Ms. 
Dickinson  Joel  L.,  West  Roxbury,  Ms. 
Dickinson  Noadiah  S.,  Foxboro,  3Is. 
Dickinson  Obed,  Salem,  Oregon. 
Dickinson  William  C,  Kenosha,  V.'is. 
Diggs  M.  W.,  Ft.  Recovery,  0. 
Dill  James  H.,  Chicago,  ill. 
DUley  Alexander  B.,  Bangor,  N.  Y. 
DUley  Samuel,  Warsaw,  111. 
Diman  J.  L.,  Fall  River,  Ms. 
Dimmick  Luther  F..  D.  D.,  Xewburyport,  Ms. 
Bimock  Edwin,  Orange,  Ms. 


DimockS.  L.,  Wilton,  Ct. 

Dinsmore  John,  Northampton,  N.  II. 

Dixon  Alvan  M.,  Blake"s  Prairie,  Wis. 

Dixon  Hiram  H.,  Fox  Lake,  AVis. 

Dixon  J.  H.,  Alto,  Wis. 

Dixon  James  J.  A.  T.,  Metamora,  111. 

Dodd  John,  North  Bridgton,  Me. 

Dodd  Stephen  G.,  Spencer,  Ms. 

Dodge  Benjamin.  Frankfort,  Me. 

Dodge  John,  Harvard,  Ms. 

Dodge  Joshua,  Moultonborough,  N.  H. 

Dodge  AnUiam  B.,  Milburn,  III. 

Doe  Franklin  B.,  Appleton,  Wis. 

Doe  Walter  P.,  Rehoboth.  Ms. 

Dogsett  Thomas,  Groveland,  Ms. 

Doldt  James,  Milton,  N.  H. 

Dole  George  T..  Lanesboro,  Ms. 

Donaldson  C.  B.,  Lowell,  Wise. 

Donaldson  J.  W..  Oconto,  Wise. 

Doolittle  Edgar  J..  Chester,  Ct. 

Doolittle  M..  East  Troy,  Wise. 

Dorman  Ebenezer  H.,  Swanton,  Tt. 

Dougherty  James,  Johnson,  Vt. 

Douglass  Eben,  Oldtown,  Me. 

Douglass  John  A.,  Waterford,  Me. 

Dow  Ezekiel,  Chiltonville,  Ms. 

Dow  J.  M.  H.,  Washington,  R.  I. 

Downs  Azel,  late  of  Iloweil  D<>pot,  N.  Y. 

Downs  Charles  A.,  Lebanon,  N.  II. 

Downs  Henry  S  ,  Norridgewock,Me. 

Downs  W.,  Hebron,  Wise. 

Dow.*e  Edmund,  Sherburne,  Ms. 

Doyle  Nathan,  Bint'or,  Me. 

Drake  Andrew  J.,  Mt.  Pleasant,  lo. 

Drake  Cyru*  B.,  Royalton,  Vt 

Drake  Samuel  S.,  Falmouth,  Me. 

Dresser  Amos,  Orwell,  0 

Drumniond  James,  Springfield,  Ms. 

Drummond  W.,  Waterloo,  Wis. 

Dudley  John  L..  Mildletown,  Ct. 

Dudley  Martin,  Easton,  Ct. 

Duff  Archibald,  Cowansville,  C.  E. 

Duncan  Abel  G.,  Freetown,  Ms. 

Duncan  Thomas  W..  Roxbury,  N.  H. 

Duncanson  Alexander,  Sandusky  City,  0. 

Dunham  Isaac,  Westport,  Ms. 

Dunkerley  David,  Durham,  C.  E. 

Dunn  Richaid  C,  Toulon,  111. 

Dunning  Andrew,  Thompson.  Ct. 

Dunning  Homer  N.,  Gloversville,  N.  Y. 

Daraut  Henry,  Oakland.  Cal. 

Dureu  Charles,  Sheldon,  Vt. 

Durfee  Calvin,  Williamstown,  Ms. 

Durrant  J.,  Stouffville,  C.  W. 

Dustan  George,  Peterborough,  N.  H. 

Duttou  Samuel  W.  S.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Duttou  Thomas,  Ashford,  Ct 

Dwight  Edward  S.,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Dwight  John,  North  Wrentham,  Ms. 

Dwight  Theodore  M.,  Strulsboro',  0. 

Dwight  William  T..  D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 

Dwinell  Israel  E.,  Salem,  Ms. 

Dwinnell  Solomon  A.,  Reedsburg,  Wis. 

Dye  Charles  I.,  Torrington,  Ct. 

Dyer  David,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Dyer  E.  Porter,  Hingham,  Ms. 

Dyer  Spencer  0.,  Becket.  Ms. 

Eastman  David,  Leverett,  Ms. 

Eastman  John,  Danville,  Vt. 

Eastman  Lucius  R.,  Needham,  Ms. 

E.astman  Moi'gan  L.,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

Eaton  Cyrus  II.,  Summit,  Mich. 

Eaton  Danforth  L.,  Brighton,  Mich. 

Eaton  Jacob,  West  Meriden,  Ct. 

Eaton  Joseph  M.  R.,  Henniker,  N.  H. 

Eaton  Joshua,  Isle  au  Haut,  Me. 

Ebbs  Edward,  Paris,  C.  W. 

Eddy  Chauncy,  late  of  Lanesboro,  Ms. 

Eddy  Iliram,  East  Canaan,  Ct. 

Eddy  Zachary,  Northampton,  Ms. 

Edgell  John  Q.  A.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Edsou  S.  W.,  Granville,  Ms. 

Edwards  Henry  L.,  South  Abington,  Ms. 

Edwards  Jonathan,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Edwards  John  E.,  Lancaster,  Ms. 

Edwards  Thomas,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Edwards  Tryou,  D.D.,  New  London,  Ct. 


VOL.  II. 


20 


146 


Index  of  Clergi/men. 


[Jan. 


Edwards  William,  Minersville,  Ohio. 

Eells  Gushing,  Forest  Grove,  Oregon. 

Eggle.ston  Nathaniel  II  ,  Madison,  Wise. 

Eldridge  Joseph,  D.D..  Norfolk,  Ct. 

EUerby  Thomas  S..  Toronto,  C.  W . 

Ellingwood  John  W.,  D.D.,  Bath,  Me. 

Elliot  Henry  B.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Elliot  John,  Rumford,  Me. 

Elliot  Joseph,  Ottawa  City,  C.  AV. 

Ellis  Thomas  L.,  Princeton,  Me. 

Elmer  lliram,  Chelsea,  Mich. 

Elsler  AN'illiam  P.,  Wacousta,  Mich. 

Elvrood  David  M.,  Central  Falls,  R.  I. 

Ely  Alfred,  D.D.,  Monson,  Ms. 

Emerson  Alfred,  Fitehburg.  Ms- 

Emerson  Brown,  D.D..  Salem,  Ms. 

Emerson  Brown,  Westminster,  Mj. 

Emerson  Charles  11.,  Lee,  Me. 

Emerson  Edward  B.,  Munroe,  Ct. 

Emerson  Joseph,  Boston,  Ms. 

Emerson  .Toseph,  Beloit,  Wise. 

Emerson  Xoah,  HoUis,  N.  H. 

Emerson  Oliver,  Wolf  Creek,  Iowa. 

Emerson  Ralph,  D.D.,  Beloit,  Wise. 

Emerson  Reuben,  So.  Reading,  Ms. 

Emerson  Rufus  W.,  Monson,  Me. 

Emery  Joshua,  No.  Weymouth,  Ms. 

Emery  Samuel  H.,  Quincy,  111. 

Entler  George  R.,  Itiverhead,  N.  Y. 

Estabrook  Joseph,  Ypsilauti,  Mich. 

Esty  Isaac,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Eustis  AVjlliam  T.,  Jr.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Ethridge  Albert,  Dover,  111. 

Evans  Thomas,  Wethersville,  Ohio, 

Evans  Thomas  W.,  Columbus  City,  Iowa. 

Everdell  Robert,  Saxville,  Wise. 

Everest  A.  0.,  Masonville,  N.  Y. 

Fairbanks  Henry,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

Eaii-child  Edward  H.,  Pittsfield,  0. 

Eairfield  Minot  W.,  Olivet,  Mich. 

Fargo  George  W.,  South  Solon,  Me. 

Farnham  Lucien,  Newark,  III. 

Farnham  Luther,  Boston,  Ms. 

Earwell  Asa,  Haverhill,  Ms. 

Fay  Levi  L.,  Lower  Lawrence,  0. 

Fay  Nathaniel  T.,  Montgomery,  0. 

Pay  Prescott,  Lancaster,  N.  H. 

Fay  Solomon  P.,  late  of  Dayton,  0. 

Felch  Charles  P.,  late  of  Amboy,  111. 

Fellows  Franklin  E.,  Kenuebuuk,  Me. 

Felt  Joseph  B.,  LL.  D..  Boston,  Bis. 

Fenn  Stephen,  Cornwall,  Ct. 

FoDwick  Kenneth  M.,  Kingston,  C.  W. 

Ferrin  Clark  E.,  Hinesburg,  Vt. 

Fessenden  Joseph  P.,  South  Bridgton,  Me. 

Fessendeu  Thomas  K.,  Ellington,  Ct. 

Field  David  D.,  D.D.,  Stockbridge,  Ms. 

Field  George  W.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Field  Pindar,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 

Field  Thomas  P.,  New  London,  Ct. 

Fifield  Lebbeus  B.,  Manchester,  Iowa. 

Fifield  Winthrop,  South  Newmarket,  N.  H. 

Finney  Charles  6.  Oberlin,  0. 

Finney  G.  W.,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Fisher  Caleb  E.,  Lawrence,  Ms. 

Fisher  George  B.,  Mason  Village,  N.  II. 

Fisher  GeorgeP.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Fisk  Eli  C,  Havana,  111. 

risk  Frederick  A.,  Newton,  Ms. 

Fiske  Daniel  T.,  Newburyport,  Ms. 

Fiske  John  B.,  Dexter,  51ich. 

Fiske  John  0.,  Bath,  Me. 

Fiske  Jonas,  West  Newfield,  Me. 

Fiske  Samxiel,  Madison,  Ct. 

Fiske  Warren  C,  Canton  Center,  Ct. 

Fitch  Eleazer  T.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Fitz  Daniel,  Ipswich,  Ms. 

Flagg  Horatio,  Coleraiue,  Ms. 

Fleming  Archibald,  Shoreham,  \t. 

Fletcher  Adin  II.,  Owosso,  Mich. 

Fletcher  James,  North  Danvers,  Ms. 

Fobes  Ephraim,  Patten,  Me. 

Fobes  William  A.,  Lebanon,  Me. 

FoUett  Walter,  Temple,  N.  11. 

Folsom  George  D.  F.,  Springfield,  Ms. 

Foltz  Benjamin,  Rockford,  111. 

Foote  Calvin,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Foote  II.,  Wauke.sha,  Union  Grove,  Wis. 

Foote  Horatio,  Quincy,  III. 

Forbes  SHUinel  B.,  Manchester,  Ot. 

Forhush  John,  Mercer,  Me. 

Ford  George,  East  Falmouth,  Ms. 

Ford  James  T.,  Stowe,  Vt. 

Foster  Aaron,  East  Charlemont,  Ms. 

l^oster  Amos,  Acworth,  N.  II. 

Foster  Andrew  B.,  Gill,  Ms. 

Foster  Benjamin  1'.,  Dnmmerston,  Vt. 

Foster  Davis,  AVest  JMewbury,  Ms. 

Foster  Eden  B.,  Lowell,  Ms. 

Foster  Gustavus  L  ,  Ypsilanti,  Mich. 

Foster  Lemuel,  Onargo,  Mich. 

Foster  Roswell,  Pittslield,  Ms. 

Foster  William  C,  North  Becket,  Ms. 

Fowler  William  C,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Francis  James  H.,  Wading  River,  N.  Y. 

Eraser  John,  Derby,  A't. 

Fraser  John  M.,  Parkman,  0. 

Freeman  George  E.,  Manchester,  Ms. 

Freeman  Hiram,  Ripon,  Wis. 

Freeman  John  R.,  Audover,  Ct. 

Freeman  Joseph,  Hanover,  Ms. 

French  Alvan  D.,  Eddyville,  lo. 

F'rench  Daniel  L.,  Hudson,  N.  H. 

French  J.  Clement,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

French  Lyndon,  Franklin,  Vt. 

French  Ozro,  Kno.xville,  lo. 

FVink  M.,  Pottersville,  Penn. 

Frost  Daniel  D.,  West  Stockbridge,  Ms. 

F'rowein  .\braham,  Davenport,  lo. 

Fry  George  V.,  Fearing,  0. 

Fuller  Francis  L.,  Crystal  Lake,  111. 

F'uller  Joseph,  Vershire,  Vt. 

Fuller  Robert  W.,  Lempster,  N.  II. 

i'urber  Daniel  L.,  Newton  Center,  Ms. 

Gale  Edmund,  Geneva,  0. 

Gale  Nahuni,  D.D.,  Lee,  Ms. 

Gale  Thomas  A.,  Riceville,  Penn. 

Gale  William  P.,  Iowa  City,  lo. 

Gallup  James  A  ,  Essex,  Ct. 

Galpin  Charles,  E.\celsior,  Min. 

Gannett  Allen,  Lynnfield,  Ms. 

Gannett  George,  Boston,  Ms. 

Gano  Lewis,  Geneva,  111. 

Gardner  Kobert  D.,  Ellsworth,  Ct. 

Garland  David,  Bethel.  Me. 

Garland  Joseph,  late  of  Acton,  Ms. 

Garman  John  H.,  Scarborough,  Me. 

Garrette  Edmund  Y.,  Millbiiry,  Ms. 

Gates  Charles  H.,  M'ashiugton,  lo. 

Gates  Hiram  N.,  Earlville,  lo. 

Gates  M.  A.,  Tinmouth,  Vt. 

Gay  Ebenezer,  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

Gay  Jo.shua  S.,  Chichester,  N.  H. 

Gay  William,  Bristol,  111. 

Gaylord  Reuben,  Omaha,  Neb.  T. 

Geer  Heman,  Lindenville,  0. 

Geikie  Archibald,  Colebiook  Center,  Ct. 

Gemmell  George,  Quasqueton,  lo. 

Gerould  Moses,  Canaan,  N.  H. 

Gibson  Hugh,  Chester,  Ms. 

Giddings  Edward  J.,  Eaton,  N.  Y. 

Giddings  Solomon  P.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

Gilbert  Edwin  11.,  Ilambden,  0. 

Gilbert  FJdwin  R.,  Wallingford  Ct. 

Gilbert  J.  B.,  \Vest  Hartford,  Vt. 

Gilbert  William  II.,  Granby,  Ct. 

Gilbert  Solomon  I!.,  late  of  Wendell,  Ms. 

Gillett  Timothy  P.,  Eranford,  Ct. 

Oilman  Edward  W-,  Bangor,  Me. 

Gilmer  Daniel,  Sandoval,  111. 

Gleed  John,  Waterville,  Vt. 

Gliddon  N.  D  ,  Mendon,  Mich. 

Gliacs  Jeremiah,  Granby,  Vt. 

Goddard  Charles  G.,  West  Hartland,  Ct. 

Goldsmith  Alfred,  Groton,  Ms. 

Good  J^  D.,  Buena  Vista,  Wis. 

Goodale  OseeM.,  Owossa,  Mich. 

Goodenow  Smith  B.,  Rockville,  Ct. 

Goodell  C.  L.,  New  Britain,  Ct. 

Goodell  Edwin,  Hartford,  Vt. 

Goodhue  Daniel,  Danbury,  N.  II. 

Goodhue  Nathaniel  F.,  Alstead  Paper  Mill,  N.  U 

Goodman  Epaphras,  Chicago,  111. 

Goodrich  Chauncey,  New  Haven,  Ct. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


147 


Goodrich  Charles  A.,  Hartforcl.  Cfe. 

Goodrich  Chauncey  A.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

(ioodiich  Lewis,  Pembroke,  N.  11. 

Goodi»ell  Dana,  late  of  Worcester,  Ms. 

Goodsell  >I.  AV.,  Falmouth,  Me. 

Goodwin  Daniel,  Mason,  N.  II. 

Goodwin  Henry  M.,  Kockford,  111. 

Goodwin  Thomas  S.,  Skowhegan,  Me. 

Goodyear  George,  Temple,  N.  U. 

Gore  Darius,  Syc.miore,  111, 

Goss  Jacob  C.,  Randolph,  Vt. 

Gould  David,  Georgetown,  0. 

Gould  David  H.,  Ticonderoga,  X.  Y. 

Gould  Mark,  Standish,  Me. 

Gould  Samuel  L.,  Albany,  Me. 

Gould  William,  Loda,  111. 

Granger  Calvin,  Middletowa,  Ct. 

Granger  J.,  Paxton,  111. 

Grannis  Horace  It.,  late  of  Holland,  Ms. 

Grant  Joel,  Bristol,  111. 

Grattan  Harvey,  Matherton,  Mich. 

Graves  Alpheus,  York,  Iowa. 

Graves  .loseph  S.,  Aurora,  0. 

Graves  Xathnniel  D.,  Allen's  Grove,  Wis. 

Gray  Asahel  R  ,  Coventry,  Vt. 

Gray  James.  Granger,  0. 

Greaves  William,  Russell,  N.  Y. 

Greeley  Edward  II.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

Greeley  Stephen  S.  N.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Greene  Henry  S.,  Ballard  Vale,  Ms. 

Greene  John  M.,  Hatfield,  Ms. 

Greene  William  B.,  late  of  Waterville,  Me. 

Greene  David,  Windsor,  Vt. 

Greene  Richard  G.,   East  Cambridge,  Ms. 

Greenwood  Alfred,  Natick,  Ms. 

Greenwood  John,  Bethel,  Ct. 

Cireenwood  Charles,  late  of  Westmoreland,  N.  H. 

Ciridley  Frederick,  Newington,  Ct. 

Gridley  John,  Kenosha,  \Vis. 

Griffin  John  S.,  Tualatin  Plains,  Oregon. 

Griffin  Nathaniel  H.,  Williamstown,  Ms. 

Griffith  Evan,  Racine,  Wis. 

Griffiths  Griffith.  Delafield,  Wis. 

Griggs  Leverett,  Bristol,  Ct. 

Grinnell  .Tosiah  B.,  Griunell,  Iowa. 

Griswold  John  F.,  Washington,  N.  H. 

Griswold  Levi,  Clinton,  Ct. 

Griswold  Samuel,  late  of  Andover,  Ct. 

Grosvenor  Charles  P.,  Canterbury,  Ct. 

Grosvenor  Moses  G.,  Clarendon,  Vt. 

Grout  Henry  M.,  Putney,  Vt. 

Grout  Samuel  N.,  Inland,  Iowa. 

Grover  Nathaniel,  South  Haven,  Mich. 

Ciuernsey  Jesse,  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Gulliver  John  P.,  Norwich,  Ct. 

Gurney  John  H.,  New  Braintree,  Ms. 

Hackett  Simeon,  Temple,  Ale. 

Haddock  Charles  B.,  D.D.,  West  Lebanon,  N.  H. 

lladley  James  B.,  Campton,  N.  U. 

Haight  Sylvanus,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Hale  Benjamin  E.,  Beloit,  Wis. 

Hale  Eusebius,  Upper  Aquebogue,  N.  Y. 

Hale  J.  R.,  Massena,  N.  Y. 

Hale  John  G.,  Ljudon.  Vt. 

Hall  Edivin,  Jr.,  New  Hartford,  Ct. 

Hall  E.  Edwin,  late  of  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Hall  George,  PJainfield,  Ct. 

Hall  (iordon,  Northampton,  Ms. 

Hall  Heuiaa  B.,  Kingston,  W.  I. 

Hall  James,  Whitewater,  Wis. 

Hall  Jeffries,  Chesterfield,  N.  II. 

Hall  .lob,  Orwell,  Vt. 

Halt  itichard.  Point  Douglas.s,  Min. 

Hall  Robert  V.,  Newport,  Vt. 

Hall  Samuel  II.,  Browningtoa,  Vt. 

Hall  Sherman,  Sauk  Rapids,  Min. 

Hall  Thomas  A.,  Otis,  Ms. 

Ilallock.  E.  J.,  Castleton,  Vt. 

Hallock  Luther  C,  Wading  River,  N.  Y. 

Hallock  W.  A..  D.D.,  New  York. 

Hamilton  D.  D  ,  LocKport.  N.  Y. 

Hamilton  David  II.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Hamilton  Hiram,  Wynona,  Min. 

Jlamlin  Homer,  Grinnell,  Iowa. 

llammoud  Charles,  Groton,  Ms. 

Hammond  Henry  L.,  Chicago,  III. 

Hajiujiond  \ViUiam  B.,  Morrisville,  N.  Y. 


Hanks  Steadman  W.,  Lowell,  Ms. 
Hard  J.  II.,  Lamont,  Mich. 
Harding  A.,  Shoreham,  Vt. 
Harding  Henry  F.,  Machias,  ile. 
Harding  John  W.,  Lougnieadow,  Ma. 
Harding  Sewall,  Boston,  Ms. 
Harding  Willard  M.,  Quincy,  Ms. 
Harlow  William,  Wrentham,  Ms. 
Harper  Aimer,  Sabula,  Iowa. 
Harrington  Alfred  L.,  Tonica,  111. 
Harrington  E'i  W.,  North  Beverly,  JIs. 
Harrington  Moody,  Agawam,  Ms. 
Harris  Leonard  W.  Skowhegan,  Me. 
Harris  Rees,  Minersville,  0. 
Harris  Samuel,  D.D.,  Bangor,  Me. 
Harris  Samuel,  Simcoe,  C.  \V. 
Harris  Thomas,  Miller's  Place,  N.  Y. 
Harrison  George  J.,  Milton,  Ct. 
Harrison  Joseph,  late  of  New  York. 
Harrison  Samviel,  Pittstield,  Ms. 
Hart  Burdett,  Fair  Haven,  Ct. 
Hart  Edwin  J.,  Merrimack,  N.  U. 
Hart  J.,  Margarie,  N.  S. 
Hart  S.  A.,  Genoa,  Wis. 
Hart  John  C,  Ravenna,  0. 
Hartley  Isaac  J.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 
Hartshorne  Thomas  C,  Cleveland,  0. 
Hartwell  John,  Leverett,  Ms. 
Harvey  Whoelock  N.,  Milford,  Ct. 
Ha>kell  John,  IJaynham,  Ms. 
Haskell  Thomas  N.,  East  Boston,  Ms. 
Hassel  Richard,  Wjoming  Valley,  Wis. 
Hatch  Reuben,  Union  City,  Mich. 
Hatch  Roger  C,  Warwick,  Ms. 
Hathaway  George  W.,  Bloomficld,  Me. 
Haven  John,  Charlton,  Ms. 
Haven  Joseph.  Chicago,  111. 
Havens  D.  William,  East  Haven,  Ct. 
Hawes  Edward,  Waterville,  Me. 
Hawes  Erskiue  J.,  Plymouth  Ct. 
Hawes  Joel,  D.D.,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Hawes  Josiah  T.,  Bridgton,  Me. 
Hawkins  Nathaniel,  Fire  Place,  N.  Y. 
Hawks  Roswell,  South  Iladley,  Ms. 
Hawks  Theron  H.,  West  Springheld,Ms. 
Hawley  James  A.,  Jackson,  Mich. 
Hawley  Zerah  K.,  Macomb,  111. 
Hay  James,  Owen  Sound,  C.  E. 
Hay  Robert,  Vaughau,  C.  W. 
Hay  William,  Scotland.  C.  W. 
Hayden  William,  Cold  Springs,  C.  W. 
Hajes  Gurdon,  Arlington,  Vt. 
Hayes  J.  M.,  Trempeleau,  Wis. 
Hayes  Stephen  II  ,  Weymouth,  Ms. 

Hayhurst ,  Marshall,  N.  Y. 

Ilayward  William  H.,  Candor,  N.  Y. 
Hazen  Austin,  Bristol,  Vt. 
Ilazen  Henry  A.,  Hardwick,  \t. 
Hazen  James  A  ,  Lord's  Bridge,  Ct. 
Hazen  Reuben  S.,  Westminst<>r,  Ct. 
Hazen  Timothy  A.,  Dalton,  Ms. 
Headley  Phinea^C,  Greenfield,  Ms. 
Healey  Joseph  W.,  Walpole,  Ms. 
Heaton  Isaac  E.,  Fremont,  Neb.  T. 
Hebard  Frederick,  Ilarwichport,  Ms. 
Helms  Stephen  D.,  late  of  Lima,  Iowa. 
Hemenway  Asa,  Ripton,  Vt. 
Hemenway  Daniel,  Suffield,  Ct. 
Hemenway  Samuel,  Brighton,  Iowa. 
Henry  Benjamin  D.,  Blue  Hill,  Me. 
Henry  James  H.,  Rushford,  N.  Y. 
Herbert  Charles  D  ,  West  Newbury,  Ms. 
Herrick  Horace,  Plainfield,  Ct. 
Herrick  James,  JIadura,  India. 
Herrick  Stephen  L.,  Grinnell.  Iowa. 
Herrick  William  T.,  Pelham,N.  H. 
Hess  Conrad  V.,  Farmersburg,  Iowa. 
Hess  Riley  J.,  Grandville,  Mich. 
Hibbard  Oliver  D.,  Randolph,  N.  Y. 
Hicks  Marcus,  Monticello,  Min. 
Hicok  Dorman  L.,  Bristol  0. 
Hicock  Henry  P.,  Bui-lington,  Vt. 
Hidden  EphraimN.,  Candia,  N.  U. 
Higley  Hervey  0.,  Castleton,  Vt. 
Hill  Charles  J.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 
Hill  George  E.,  Sheffield,  Ms. 
Hill  J.  B.,  Canaan,  Vt. 


148 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


nill  Joseph  B.,  TVest  Stewartstown,  N.  II. 
Hill  Samuel  N.,  Ko>'al  Oak,  >Iich. 
imi  T.  C,  Kalamazoo.  Mich, 
llillard  Elias  B.,  Hadlyme,  Ct. 
Hills  James,  UoUis,  N.  H. 
Hine  Orlo  D.,  Lebanon,  Ot. 
Hine  Sylvester,  Oroton,  Ot. 
Ilinman  U.  H.,  Sanbury,  III. 
Hinsdale  Charles  J.,  Blandfnrd,  Ms. 
Hitchcock  Allen  B..  MoHne,  III. 
Hitchcock  Calvin,  D.D.,  Wrentham,  Ms. 
Hitchcock  Edward,  D  D.,  Amherst,  Ms. 
Hitchcock  George  B  ,  Lewis,  Iowa. 
Hitchcock  Milan  H  ,  Jaffna,  Ceylon. 
Hitcher  George,  Port  Saniiac,  Mich. 
Hixon  Asa,  West  Newbury.  Ms. 
Hoadley  L.  Ives,  Craftsbury,  Vt. 
Ilobart  Caleb,  North  Yarmouth,  Me. 
Hobart  James,  Berlin,  \t. 
Hobart  L.  Smith,  Hudson,  Mich. 
Hodges  James,  Shirland,  111. 
Hodgman  Edwin  K.,  Townscnd,Ms. 
Holbrook  John  C,  Dubuque,  lo. 
Holbrook  Willard,  Rowley,  Ms. 
Holly  Piatt  T.,  Sandisfield,  Ms. 
Holman  David,  Dougl.as,  Ms. 
Holman  Morris,  Kennebunkport,  Me. 
Holman  Sydney,  Ilolyoke,  Ms. 
Holmes  Franklin,  Norton,  Ms. 
Holmes  Henry  B.,  late  of  Andover,  Ms 
Holmes  James,  Auburn,  N.  H. 
Holmes  Otis,  Elliot,  Me. 
Holmes  Thomas  W.,  New  Hope,  lU. 
Holmes  William,  Broad  Oak,  111. 
Homes  Fi-ancis,  West  Gninville,  Ms. 
Hood  Jacob  A.,  Pittsfield,  N.  H. 
Holyoke  William  E.,  Polo,  111. 
Hooker  Edward  W.,  D.D.,  Fairhaven,  Vt. 
Hooker,  Henry  B.,  D.D.,  Boston,  Ms. 
Hooker  Horace,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Hooper  Joseph,  New  Market,  C.  W. 
Hopkins  Eliphalet  S.,  Now  Portland,  Me. 
Hopkins  Mark,  D.D.,  Williamstown.  Ms. 
Hopkinson  James  B.,  Middle  Haddam,  Ct. 
Hopley  Samuel.  Wellfleet,  Ms. 
Hoppin  James  M.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Horton  Fi-ancis,  Barrington,  R.  I. 
Hosford  Benjamin  P.,  Haverhill,  Ms. 
Hosford  Isaac,  Worcester,  Ms. 
Hosford  Oramel,  Olivet,  Mich. 
Hosmer  Samuel  D.,  Eastport,  Me. 
Hough.  Lent  S.,  Middletown,  Ct. 
Houghton  James  C,  Chelsea.  Vt. 
Houghton  J.  Dunbar.  Belleville,  N.  Y. 
Houghton  William  A.,  Berlin,  Ms. 
Houston  Albert  B.,  Mount  Desert,  Me. 
Houston  Hiram,  Sandy  Point,  Me. 
Hovey  George  L.  Greenfield,  Ms. 
Howard,  Jabez  T.,  West  Charleston,  Vt. 
Howard  Martin  S.,  South  Dartmouth,  Ms. 
Howe  Benjamin,  Meredith,  N.  V. 
Howe  Elbridge  G.,  Waukegan,  111. 
Howe  Samuel,  North  Madison,  Ct. 
Howell  James,  Guelph,  C.  W. 
Ilnwland  Freeman  P  ,  .\bington,  Ms. 
Howland  Harrison  0  ,  tlhester,  N.  U. 
Howland  William  W.,  Conway,  Ms. 
Hoyt  James  S.,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 
Hoyt  Otto  S.,  New  Haven,  Vt. 

Hubbard ,  Cabot,  Vt. 

Hubbard  Anson,  Sbutesbury,  Ms. 
Hubbard  George  B  ,  Aurora,  III. 
Hubbard  Chauncey  H..  Bennington,  Vt. 
Hubbard  H.  W  ,  Friendship,  N.  Y. 
Hubbell  Stephen,  North  Stonington,  Ct. 
Hudson  Cyrus,  Lewis,  N.  Y. 
Hughson  Simeon  S.,  RushviUe,  N.  Y. 
Hulburt  S.,  West  Union,  lo. 
Hull  Joseph  D.,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Hull  Richard  15.,  Aurora,  III. 
Humphrey  Heman,  D.I).,  Pitt.sfield,  Ms. 
Humphrey  John  P.,  Winchester,  N.  H. 
Hunt  Daniel,  Pomfret,  Ct. 
Hunt  Nathan  S.,  Bozrah,  Ct. 
Hunt  Samuel,  Franklin,  Ms. 
Hunter  Hoberr,  Clay,  lo. 
Hunter  John  H.,  New  Utrecht,  N.  Y. 


Huntington  Elijah  B  ,  Stamford,  Ct. 

Huntington  Enoch  S.,  Danbury,  Ct. 

Hurd  Philo  R.,  Romeo,  Mich. 

Hurlbut,  E.  B.,  Fontanelle,  Neb. 

Hurlbut  Joseph,  New  London,  Ct. 

Hurlbut  Thaddeus  B.,  Upper  Alton.  111. 

Ilutchins  H.,  Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis. 

Hyde  Aziriah,  Castleton,  A't. 

Ilvde  Charles,  Ellington,  Ct. 

Hyde  James  T.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Hyde  Hawley.  Jasper,  N.  Y. 

Hyde  Lavius,  Bolton,  Ct. 

Ilvde  N.  A.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Hyde  Silas  P.,  Clinton,  Mich. 

Hyde  William  A  ,  Mianus,  Ct. 

Ide  Jacob.  D  D.,  West  Medway,  M3. 

Ide  Jacob  .)r  ,  Mansfield,  Ms. 

lUsley  Horatio,  Mechanic  Falls.  Me. 

Ingalls  Alfred,  Smithville,  N.  Y. 

Isham  Austin,  Roxbury  Ct. 

Ives  Alfred  E  ,  Castine,  Me. 

Jackson  Frederick  J..  Danbury,  Ct. 

Jackson  Samuel  C,  D.D.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Jackson  William  C,  Dunstable,  Ms. 

James  Horace,  Worcester  Ms. 

Jameson  E.  0.,  Guilf  ird,  Vt. 

Jame.son  James,  Albany,  Wis. 

Janes  Francis  A.,  Tomah,  Wis. 

Jefferds  Chester  D.,  Che."ter,  Vt. 

Jefferds  Forrest,  South  Boston,  Ms. 

Jetfers  Deodat,  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Jenkins  Abraham,  Wendell,  Me. 

Jenkins  J.  L.,  St.  Johnshury,  Vt. 

Jenkins  James,  Lyndon,  Wis. 

Jenkins  Jonathan  L.,  Lowell,  Ms. 

Jenkyns  D.  R.,  Granville,  0. 

Jenkyns  Lot,  Pomeroy,  0. 

Jenks  George  M.,  Burr's  Mills,  N.  Y. 

Jenks  William,  D.D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Jennings  Isa.ac,  Bennington,  Vt. 

Jennings  William  ,T.,  Black  Rock,  Ct. 

Jennison  Edwin,  Walpole,  N.  H. 

Jes=up  Henry  G.,  Stanwich,  Ct. 

Jessup  Lewis,  Millbury,  Ms. 

Jewett  George  B.,  Salem,  Ms. 

Jewett  John  E.  B.,  Jaffrey,  N.  H. 

Jewett  Leonard,  Hollis,  N.  H. 

Jewett  Luther,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

Jewett  Merrick  A.,  D.D.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Jewett  SpoflordD.,  Middlefield,  Ct. 

Jewett  William  II  ,  Plymouth,  N.  II. 

Jocelyn  Simeon  S.,  Williamsburg,  N.  Y. 

Johnson  Amos  H..  Middleton,  Ms. 

Johnson  Edwin,  Boston,  Ms. 

Johnson  Gideon  S.,  Rockport,  III. 

Johnson  Hiram  E.,  Bath,  N.  Y. 

Johnson  Joseph  B  ,  Sourh  Heading,  Ms. 

Johnson  Samuel,  late  of  Cambrit,  N.  Y. 

Johnson  Lyman  U.,  Elkhorn,  Wis. 

Johnson  Oren,  Beaver  Dam,  Wis. 

John.sou  Stephen,  Jewett  City,  Ct. 

Johnson  J.,  Saugeen  (Indian),  C.  W. 

Jones  ("hnrles.  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Jones  Darius  E.,  Columbus  City,  lo. 

Jones  Darid,  Sullivan,  Wis. 

Jones  Elijah,  Minot,  Me. 

Jones  Eiisha  C,  Suuthbridge,  Ct. 

Jones  Kzra,  Sherman,  N.  Y. 

.Tones  Harvey,  ,  Wabaunsee,  K.  T. 

Jones  Henry,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Jones  Isaac,  Derry,  N.  II. 

Jones  J.  E.,  Riga,  N.  Y. 

Jones  John  II.,  Decatur,  III. 

Jones  John  P.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Jones  Luiian  H.,  Coo^xsr,  Mich. 

Jones  M  M.,  Iowa  City,  lo. 

JoufS  Thomas,  Galesburg,  Mich. 

Jones  Thomas  N.,  North  Reading,  Ms. 

Jones  Thomas  W.,  Augusta,  Mich. 

Jones  Wairen  G.,  Han  ford.  Ct. 

Jones  Willard,  Northtield,  Ms. 

Jones  William  L..  Camptouville,  Cal. 

Jordan •Ebenezcr  S.,  Wilton,  N.  II. 

Jordan  Francis,  Springfield,  Ms. 

Jordan  William  V.,  Di.xtield,  Me. 

Judd,  Jonathan  S.,  Middlebury,  Ct. 

Judd  Henderson,  BloomiugdiUt,  lU. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


149 


Judkins  Benjamin,  late  of  Someryille,  Ms. 
Judson  O.  C,  Viroqua,  Wis. 
Judson  Philo,  Kocky  Uill,  Ct. 
Judson  S.  M.,  Armada,  Mich. 
Jupp,  A.  J.,  Orillia,  C    \V. 
Kasson  James  H.,  Almoral,  To. 
Kedzie  Adam  S.,  late  of  Chicago,  111. 
Keeler  Seth  II.,  Calais,  Me. 
Keep  John,  Dana,  Ms. 
Keep  John  R.,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Keep  Marcus  K.,  No.  11,  Ashland,  Me. 
Keep  Theodore  J.,  Morgan,  0. 
Keith  William  A.,  Brookfield,  lo. 
Kellogg  Elijah,  Boston,  Ms. 
Kellogg  Erastus  M.,  Nashua,  N.  II. 
Kellogg  Martin,  Grass  Valley,  Cal. 
Kellogg  Sylvanus  H.  Roscoe,  111. 
Kemp  George  S.,  Windham,  Vt. 
Kendall  Charles.  Petersham,  Ms. 
Kendall  Henrv  A.,  Concord  N.  H. 
Kendall  Sylvanus  C,  Milford,  N.  H. 
Kendrick  Daniel,  Portland,  Me. 
Kennedy,  Joseph  R.,  Salem,  lo. 
Kent  Cephas  II.,  Enosburgh,  Vt. 
.  Kent  AVilliam,  Fort  Dodge,  lo. 
Ketchum  Alfred,  North  Pitcher,  N.  Y. 
Kidder  A.,  Eau  Claire,  Wis. 
Kidder  John  S.,  Eaton  Rapids,  Mich. 
Kidder  .lames  W.,  Bowiie,  Mich. 
Kidder  Thomas,  St.  Johusbury,  Vt. 
Kilbourn  James,  Sandwich,  111. 
Killian  John,  Farmersburg,  lo. 
Kimball  Caleb,  West  Medway,  Ms. 
Kimball  David,  Hanover,  N.  H. 
Kimball  David  T.,  Ipswich,  Ms. 
Kimball  Edward  P.,  Wilton  Junction,  lo. 
Kimball  .Tames,  Oakham,  Ms. 
Kimball  James  P.,  Keokuk,  lo. 
Kimball  Moses,  Ascutneyville,  Vt. 
Kimball  lieuben,  Conway,  N.  II. 
King  Berian,  Napoleon,  Mich. 
King  Henry  D.,  Magnolia,  lo. 
King  Stephen,  Ryckman"8  Corner,  C.  W. 
Kingman  Matthew,  Charlemont,  Ms. 
Kingsbury  John  D.,  Brandon,  Vt. 
Kingsbury  Samuel,  Tamworth,  N.  H. 
Kingsbury  William  II  ,  Corinth,  Vt. 
Kingsley  David  11.,  Elk  Grove,  HI. 
Kinney  Ezra  D.,  New  Fairfield,  Ct. 
Kinney  Martin  P.,  .Janesville,  Wis. 
Kiik  Edward  N..  D.D.,  Boston,  Ms. 
Kitchel  Harvey  D.,  D.D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Kitchell  Jonathan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  lo. 
Kittredge  Abbott  E  ,  Charlestown,  Ms. 
Kittredge  Charles  B.,  Monson,  Ms. 
Knapp  Jared  0..  late  of  Niagara  City,  N.  Y. 
Knight  Elbridge,  Maple  Cirove,  Me. 
Knight  Jo.^eph,  East  Stafford,  Ct. 
Knight  Merrick,  Hebron,  Ct. 
Knight  Richard,  South  Hadley  Falls,  Ms. 
Knou^e  W.  II.,  North  Greenwich,  Ct. 
Knnwles  David,  Crawfoidsville,  lo. 
Kribbs  Ludwick,  Colpoy's  Bay,  0.  W. 
Kyte  Felix,  Lumberland,  N.  Y. 

Kuhns ,  Columbia,  0. 

Larabee  Benjamin,  D.D.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 
Lacy  Edward  S.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
La  Dow  Samuel  P.,  Rockford,  Iowa. 
La  Due  Thomas  S.,  Rockford,  Iowa. 
Lamb  Dana,  Springvale,  Wis. 
Lamb  Henry  J.,  West  Springfield,  Ct. 
Lancashire  H.,  late  of  Milron,  N.  B. 
Lancaster  Daniel,  late  of  Middletown,  N.  Y. 
Lane  Daniel,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
Lane  Larmon  B.,  Lisbon.  111. 
Langpaap  Henry,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 
Langworthy  Isaac  P.,  Chelsea,  Ms. 
Lanphear  Orpheus  T.,  Exeter,  N.  H. 
Lanphear  liodolphus,  Manchester,  Ct. 
Lasell  Nathaniel,  late  of  Exeter,  N.  H. 
Lathrop  Alfred  C,  Wautoma,  Wis. 
Laughlln  A.  D.,  Orion,  Wis. 
Laurie  Thomas,  West  Roxbury,  Ms. 
Lawrence  Amos  E.,  South  Britain,  Ct. 
Lawrence  Edward  A.,  D.D.,  East  Windsor,  Ct. 
Lawrence  John,  Salem,  N.  H. 
Lawrence  Robert  F.,  Claremont,  N.  H. 


Lawson  Francis,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

Leach  Cephas  A.,  Payson,  III. 

Leach  Giles,  Wells,  Me. 

Learned  Robert  C,  Berlin,  Ct. 

Leavitt  Harvey  F.,  Vergennes,  Vt. 

Leavitt  Jonathan,  D.D.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Leavitt  Joshua,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Le  Bosquet  John,  Nowington,  N.  H. 

Lee  Hiram,  Cincinnatus,  N.  Y. 

Lee  Jonathan,  Salisbury,  Ct. 

Lee  Samuel,  New  Ipswich,  N.  H. 

Lee  William  B.,  Fair  Haven,  Ct. 

Leete  Theodore  A.,  Windsor,  Ct. 

LefFeugwell  L.,  Ontario,  111. 

Leffingwell  Marvin,  Wakefield,  N.  H. 

Leland  John  H.  M.,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Leonard  A.aron  L.,  Danville,  Iowa. 

Leonard  Edwin,  Milton,  Ms. 

Leonard  Stephen  C,  Mount  Vernon,  0. 

Leonard  William,  Scituate,  Ms. 

Levere  George  W.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Lewis  Benjamin,  Palmyra,  0. 

Lewis  D.,  Kidgeway,  Wis. 

Lewis  F.  M.,  Potosi,  Wis. 

Lewi.s  ,Tohn,  Plattsville,  Wis. 

Lewis  John  N.,  Lodi,  Wis. 

Lewis  Wales,  Alfred,  Me. 

Liggett  James  D.,  Leavenworth,  K.  T. 

Lightbody  Thomas,  Churchville,  N.  Y. 

Lillie  Adam,  D.D.,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

Lincoln  Allen,  Gray,  Me 

Lincoln  Isaac  N.,  AViliiamstown,  Ms. 

Linsley  Ammi,  North  Haven,  Ct. 

Linsley  Joel  H.,  D.D.,  Greenwich,  Ct. 

Little  Charles,  Madura,  Hindostau. 

Little  Elbridge  G.,  North  Middleboro,  Ms. 

Little  George  B.,  AVest  Newton,  Ms. 

Little  George  L.,  Waukegan,  111. 

Littlefield  Ozias,  Van  Buren,  Iowa. 

Livermore  Aaron  R.,  North  Mansfield,  Ct. 

Lobdell  Francis,  Warren,  Ct. 

Lockwood  Benjamin,  Williamsburg,  N.  Y. 

Lockwood  Clark,  Success,  N.  Y. 

Lockwood  Lewis  C,  Saugerties,  N.  Y. 

Lombard  Otis,  Southfield,  Ms. 

Long  Walter  R.,  Mystic  Bridge,  Ct. 

Longley  Mo.ses  M.,  Washington,  Ms. 

Loomis  Aretas  G.,  Bethlem,  Ct. 

Loomis  Elihu,  Littleton,  Ms. 

Loomis  Henry,  Jr.,  late  of  Globe  Village,  Ms. 

Loomis  Jacob  N.,  Craftsbury,  Vt. 

Loomis  Theron,  Raymond,  Wis. 

Loomis  Wilbur  F.,  Shelburne,  Ms. 

Loper  Stephen  A.,  Westbrook,  Ct. 

Lord  Charles,  Whately,  Ms. 

Lord  Charles  E.,  Mont-Vernon,  N.  H. 

Lord  J.  M.,  Wadham's  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Lord  Nathan,  D.D.,  Hanover,  N.  II. 

Lord  Samuel  J.  M.,  AVilmington,  Vt. 

Lord  Thomas  N.,  Auburn.  Me. 

Lord  William  11.,  Montpelier,  Vt. 

Loring  Amasa,  late  of  North  Edgecomb,  Me. 

Loring  Asa  T.,  Yarmouth,  Me. 

Loring  Henry  S.,  Monmouth,  Me. 

Loring  Joseph,  Monson,  Me. 

Loring  Levi,  Athens,  Me. 

Losch  Henry,  Otego,  N.  Y. 

Lothrop  Charles  D.,  Attleboro',  Ms. 

Lothrop  H.  T.,  Palmyra,  Wis. 

Loughead  James,  Morris,  II!. 

Loughum  J.,  Hazel  Green,  Wis. 

Lounsbury  Henry  A.,  late  of  No.  Beverly,  Ma. 

Love  AVilliam  De  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Lovejoy  Owen,  Princeton,  111. 

Lowring  H.  D.,  Napoli,  N.  Y. 

Lucas  Hazael,  Newaygo,  Mich. 

Luce  Leonard,  Boxboro',  Ms. 

Ludlow  H.  G.,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Lum  Samuel  Y.,  Lawrence,  K.  T. 

Lyman  Addison,  Sheffield,  111. 

Lyman  Ephraim,  Washington,  Ct. 

Lyman  George,  Sutton,  Ms. 

Lyman  Giles,  Marlboro',  N.  U. 

Lyman  Horace,  Forest  Grove,  Wash.  Co.,  Oregon. 

Lyman  Ilun'ington,  Johnstown,  Wis. 

Lyman  Solomon,  Easthampton,  Ms. 

Lyon  A.  B  ,  Svlvania,  Mich. 


150 


Ifidex  of  Clergymen. 


[X\N, 


Macl?  .T.  A.,  Udina,  III. 

Magill  Seagrove  \V.,  Waterbury,  Ct. 

Magoun  (leorge  F.,  Davenport,  lo. 

Mahan  Asa,  Adrian,  Mich. 

Malhen  II.,  Lancaster,  Wis. 

Main  Hiram,  Rus-sell,  N.  Y. 

Maltby  Era.stu?,  Taunton,  Ms. 

Maltby  John,  Bangor,  Me. 

Mandell  William  A  ,  Lunenburg,  Ms. 

Mann  A?a,  late  of  Kxeter,  N.  H. 

Mann  Joel,  late  of  Ilauover  Corners,  Ms. 

Manning  Abel,  East  Concord,  N.  H. 

Manning  Jacob  M.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Manson  Albert,  Marion,  To. 

Marble  William  II.,  O^hkosh,  Wis. 

Marling  Francis  II.,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

March  Daniel,  Woburn,  Ms. 

Marsh  Abraham,  Tolland,  Cfc. 

Marsh  Dwight  W.,  Mosul,  Turkey. 

Marsh  Eilwards.  Canton,  111. 

Marsh  Frederick,  IVinchester  Center,  Ct. 

Marsh  Hiram.  Neenah,  Wis. 

Marsh  John,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Marsh  John  T.,  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis. 

Marsh  Joseph,  Tunbridge,  Vt. 

Marsh  Justin,  Franklin,  Mich. 

Marsh  Levi  0.,  Thomaston,  Me. 

Marsh  Loring  B.,  North  Scituate,  R.  T. 

Marsh  S.  H.,  Forest  Grove,  Wash.  Co.,  Oregon. 

Marsh  Samuel,  Undei  hill,  Vt. 

Marsh  Spencer,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Marshall  C.  H.,  Hudson,  Wis. 

Marshall  Lyman,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

Martin  Benjamin  N.,  New  York. 

Martin  Solon,  West  Fairlee,  Vt. 

Martling  James  A.,  Owosso,  Mich. 

Marvin  Abijah  P.,  Winchendon,  Ms. 

Marvin  C.  S.,  Harper^field,  N.  Y. 

Marvin  Elihu  P.,  Medford,  Ms. 

Marvin  Sylvanus  P.,  Franklin,  N.  Y. 

Mason  Javan  K.,  Hampden,  Me. 

Mason  Stephen,  Marshall,  Mich. 

Mather  William  L.,  Fon  Du  Lac,  AVis. 

Mathews  Caleb  W.,  Sun  Prairie,  Wis. 

Mathews  Luther  P.,  Garnavillo,  lo. 

Mattison  Israol,  Sandwich,  111. 

Maynard  Joshua  L.,  E;vst  Douglas,  Ms. 

Maynard  Ulric,  Castleton,  Vt. 

McArthur  H.  G.,  McGregor,  lo. 

McCall  Salmon  J.,  Saybrook,  Ct. 

McCallum  Daniel,  Warwick,  C.  W. 

McChesney  James,  Babcock's  Grove,  III. 

McClenning  Daniel,  Greenfield,  N.  II. 

McClure  Alexander  W.,  D.D.,  New  Y'ork. 

McCollom  William  A.,  Manhattan,  Kau.  T. 

McCoUom  James  T.,  Bradford,  Ms. 

McConn  William,  Tonica,  111. 

McCully  Thomas,  Milltown,  Me. 

McDonald  Ale.xander,  Stanstead  (South),  C.  W. 

McEwen  Abel,  D.D.,  New  London.,  Ct. 

McEwen  Robert,  D.D.,  Enfield,  Ms. 

McEwen  Samuel  A.,  Bonar  Branch,  Wis. 

McFarland  James,  Evansville,  Ind. 

McGee  Jonathan,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

McGregor  Dougald,  Brock,  C.  W. 

McGregor  Robert,  Listowel,  C.  W. 

McKay  James  A.,  Way  land,  Mich. 

McKeen  Silas,  Bradford,  Vt. 

McKillican  John,  Martintown,  C.  W. 

McKinnon  Neal,  Kincardine,  C.  W. 

McKinstry  John  A.,  Harwinton,  Ct. 

McLaine  James,  Thomaston,  Me. 

McLaughlin  D.  D.  T.,  Sharon,  Ct. 

McLean  Allen,  Simsbury,  Ct. 

McLean  Alexander,  Jr.,  Fairfield,  Ct. 

McLean  Charles  B.,  Collinsville,  Ct. 

McLean  John,  Erin,  C.  W. 

McLeod  Hugh,  Brentwood,  N.  H. 

Mcljeod  Norman,  Prescott,  Wis. 

McLoud  Anson,  Topsfield,  Ms. 

McMonagle  John  H.,  Cooper,  Me. 

McPherson  D.,  Raymond,  Wis. 

McVicar  Peter,  Pittston,  Me. 

Mead  Enoch,  Davenport,  lo. 

Mead  Darius,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Mead  Hiram,  South  lladley,  Ms. 

Mead  Mark,  Greenwich,  Ct. 


Means  George  J.,  Perry  Center,  N.  Y. 

Means  James,  West  Lebanon,  N.  H. 

Means  James  H.,  Dorchester,  Ms. 

Means  John  0.,  Roxburv,  Ms. 

Mellish  John  II.,  Kingston,  N.  II. 

Merriam  Joseph,  Randolph,  0. 

IMorriam  William  N.,  Kensington,  N.  H. 

Merrick  James  L.,  South  Amher.st,  Ms. 

Merrill  Enos,  Orford,  N.  H.,  or  Fairlee,  Vt. 

Merrill  Henry  A.,  Windham,  Me. 

Merrill  Horatio.  Salisbury,  N.  H. 

Merrill  James  H.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Merrill  John,  Tamworth,  N.  H. 

Merrill  Josiah,  Wiscasset,  Me. 

Merrill  Josiah  G..  Wiscasset,  Me. 

Merrill  Samuel  H.,  Portland,  Me. 

Merrill  Stephen,  North  Wolfborough,   X.  II. 

Merrill  Truman  A.,  Richmond,  Me. 

Merrill  William  A.,  Deer  Island,  Me. 

Merriraan  William  E.,  Batavia,  111. 

Merritt  William  C,  Rosraond,  111. 

Jlershon  James  R.,  Marion  City,  lo. 

Merwin  Samuel  J.  M.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

IMiddleton  James,  Flora,  C.  W. 

Miles  Edward  C,  Brooklyn,  Ct. 

Bliles  James  H.,  Charle'town,  Ms. 

Miles  Milo  N.,  Genei-eo,  111. 

Miller  Alpha,  Grassy  Hill,  Lyme,  Ct. 

Miller  Daniel  R.,  Lisbon,  III. 

Miller  Georce  A.,  Burlington,  Ct. 

Miller  Jacob  G.,  Branford,  Ct. 

Miller  John  R.,  Suffield,  Ct. 

Miller  N.,  Princeton,  Wis. 

Miller  Robert  D.,  Wardsboro,  Vt. 

Miller  Rodney  A.,  Worcester,  Ms. 

Miller  Simeon,  Ilolyoke,  Ms. 

Miller  William,  Sterling,  Ms. 

Mills  Charles  L.,  North  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

Mills  Cyrus  T.,  Ware,  Ms. 

Mills  Henry,  Granby,  Ms. 

Miner  E.  G.,  Whitewater,  Wis. 

Miner  Ileary  A.,  Menasha,  Wis. 

Miner  Nathaniel,  Salem,  Ct. 

Miner  Ovid,  Hoyleton,  111. 

Miner  Samuel  E.,  Monroe,  Wis. 

Mitchell  Amnii  H.,  Koseville,  III. 

Mitchell  David  M.,  Roxbury,  Ms. 

Mitchell  J.  D.,  Bingham pton,  N.  Y. 

Mitchell  Thomas  G  ,  Madison  Bridge,  Me. 

Miter  John  J.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Monteith  John,  Jr.,  Terryville,  Ct. 

Monteith  W.  J.,  Geneseo,  Wis. 

Montague  Enos  J.,  Summit,  Wis. 

Montague  Melzar,  Allen's  Grove,  Wis. 

Montague  Philetus,  Pierrepont,  N,  Y. 

Moody  Eli,  Warwick,  Ms. 

Mooar  George,  Andf>ver,  Ms. 

Moody  Howard,  Canterbury,  N.  II. 

Moore  Erastus  D.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Moore  Henry,  Johnston,  0. 

Moore  Henry  D.,  Portland,  Me. 

Moore  Humphrey,  D.  D.,  Milford,  N.  II. 

Moore  James  D.,  Clinton,  Ct. 

Moore  Martin,  Boston,  Ms. 

Moore  William  H.,  Newtown,  Ct. 

Mordough  John  H.,  Hamilton,  Ms. 

Morehouse  Charles  VV  ,  Evansville,  Wis. 

Morgan  C,  Geneva,  Wis. 

Morgan  Henry  U.,  Prtscott,  Wis. 

Morgan  John,  Oberlin,  0. 

Morgan  Lewis  S.,  Gowanda,  N.  \. 

Morgan  Stillman,  Brisiol,  Vt. 

MorgriJge  Charles,  Ilyannis,  Ms. 

Morong  Thomas,  Webster,  Ms. 

Morley  Sardis  B.,  Williamstown,  Ms. 

Morrill  John,  Pecatonica,  III. 

Morrill  Stephen  S.,  Maiden,  III. 

Morris  B.  F.,  Lebanon,  0. 

Jlorris  E.,  Darlington,  AVis. 

Morris  Myron  N.,  West  Hartford,  Ct. 

]\lotrison  N.  J..  Rochester,  Mich. 

Jlor.se  Alfred,  Knoxville,  III. 

Mor.se  David  S.,  Otsego,  Mich. 

Mor.se  Charles  F  ,  Northern  Armenia. 

Morse  <}.  E.,  Emporia,  K.  T. 

Morse  Henry  C  ,  Utiion  City,  Mich. 

Morse  Jason,  Brimfleld,  Ms. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


151 


Morse  Josiah,  Northumberland,  N.  H. 

Morton  Alpha,  Assabet,  Ms. 

Moses  J.  C,  Fowlerville,  N.  V. 

Munger  Theodore  T.,  Milton,  Ms. 

Munroe  Charles  W.,  Kast  Cambridge,  Ms. 

Muiiroe  Natliaii,  Bradford,  Ms. 

Munroe  T.  E  ,  Amherst,  0. 

Munsell  Joseph  K.,  Harwich,  Ms. 

Muuson  Frederick.  East  Wind.sor,  Ct. 

Murdock  David,  New  Miltord,  Ct. 

Murdock  WiUliam,  Boylston,  Ms. 

Murphy  Elijah  D.,  Avon,  Ct. 

Murray  James  0  ,  South  Danvers,  Ms. 

Mussey  Charles  i".,  Ferrisburg,  Vt. 

Myrick  0^borne,  I'rovincetown,  Ms. 

Nail  James,  Wyandotte,  Mich. 

Nash  John  A.,  New  York. 

Nason  Elias,  Medford,  Ms. 

Neal  Jabcz,  Westfield,  Ind. 

Needham  George,  Bulkley,  111. 

Nelson  John,  D.D.,  Leicester,  Ms. 

Nevin  Edwin  H.,  Chelsea,  Ms. 

Newell  Wellington,  East  Orrington,  Me. 

Newman  Charles,  Torringford,  Ct. 

Newton  Ezra,  Swan  Kiver,  Min. 

Newton  Benjamin  B.,  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

Newton  John  H.,  Middle  Iladdam,  Ct. 

Newton  Joel  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Nichols  Ammi,  Braiutree,  Yt. 

Nichols  Charles,  Uigganum,  Ct. 

Nichols  Danforth  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

Nichols  John  C,  Lyme,  Ct. 

Nichols  Washington  A.,  Chicago,  III. 

NichoUs  George  W.,  Medina,  Mich. 

Noble  Edward  A.,  Alton,  C.  W. 

Noble  Edward  W.,  Truro,  Ms. 

Norcross  Flavins  Y.,  Jackson,  Me. 

North  Simeon,  D.D.,  Hamilton  Col.  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

Northrop  Beuuet  F.,  Jewett  City,  Ct. 

Northrop  Birdsey  G.,  Saxonville,  Ms. 

Northrop  J.  A.,  Clyman,  Wis. 

Northrup  Gilbert  S.,  Geneva,  K.  T. 

Norton  John  F.,  Athol,  Ms. 

Norton  Smith,  Granville,  111. 

Norton  Thomas  S.,  Sullivan,  N.  U. 

Norton  W.  \Y.,  Otto,  N.  Y. 

Norwood  Francis,  Phipsburg,  Me. 

Noit  Samuel,  Wareham,  Ms. 

Nourse  L.  C,  Nelson,  0. 

Noyes  Daniel  J.,  D.D.,  Hanover.  N.  H. 

Noyes  Daniel  T.,  Spring  Green,  Wis. 

Noyes  Gurdon  W.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Noyes  James,  Iladdam,  Ct. 

Nutting  J.  K.,  Polk  City,  Iowa. 

Nutting  Kufus,  Lodi,  Mich. 

Ober  Benjamin,  Saxton's  Eiver,  Yt. 

Ogden  David  L.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Olds  A.,  Jefferson,  0. 

Oliphant  David,  Andover,  Ms. 

Ordway  Jairus,  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 

Ordway  Samuel,  LongKidge,  111. 

Oreutt  John,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Orr  John,  Alfred,  Me. 

Osborn  P.ichard,  Jr.,  Sandy  Creek,  N.  Y. 

Osborne  William  H.,  Brady,  Mich. 

Osgood  Dillon  C,  North  Elba,  N.  Y. 

Osgood  Samuel,  D.D.,  Springfield,  Ms. 

Osunkherhine  Peter  P.,  Chris.  Isl.,Collingwood,  C.W. 

Otis  Israel  T.,  Rve,  N.  H. 

Otis  Orin  F.,  Chepachet,  R.  I. 

Overton  A.  A.,  Avoca,  Wis. 

Oviatt  tieorge  A.,  Somers,  Ct. 

Owen  L.,  Londonderry,  Yt. 

Owens  Evan,  Dodgeville,  Wis. 

Packard  Abel  K.,  St.  Anthony,  Min. 

Packard  Alpheus  S.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Packard  Charles,  Biddeford,  Me. 

Packard  Charles,  New  Gloucester,  Me. 

Packard  David  T.,  Somerville,  Ms. 

Packard  F.,  Parishville,  N.  Y. 

Packard  Theophilus,  Mantino,  111. 

Packard  William  A.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Page  Alva  C,  Elgin,  111. 

Page  Benjamin  S.  J.,  North  Haven,  Ct. 

Page  Caleb  F..  West  Granville,  Ms. 

Page  Jesse,  Atkinson,  N.  H. 

Page  Robert,  Farmington,  0. 


Page  William,  Bath,  N.  H. 

Paige  Caleb  F..  Tolland.  Ms. 

Paine  Albert,  North  Adams,  Ms. 

Paine  John  C,  Gardner,  Ms. 

Paine  Rodney,  Burlington,  K.  T. 

Paine  Sewall,  Montgomery  Center,  A't. 

Paine  William  P.,  D.D.,  Holden,  Ms. 

Palmer  Elliot,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Palmer  Edward  S.,  North  Bridgton,  Me. 

Palmer  Edwin  B.,  Newcastle,  Me. 

Palmer  George  W.,  Hinckley,  0. 

Palmer  James  M.,  Rochester,  N.  H. 

Palmer  Ray,  D.D.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Park  Calvin  E.,  AVest  Boxford,  Ms. 

Park  Edwards  A.,  D.D.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Park  Harrison  G.,  Westminster  East,  Yt. 

Parker  Alexander,  Marseilles,  111. 

Parker  A.  J.,  Danville,  C.  E. 

Parker  Charles  C,  Waterbury,  Yt. 

Parker  Clement,  South  Sanfnrd,  Me. 

Parker  Henry  E.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Parker  Henry  W.,  New  Bedford,  Ms. 

Parker  Lucius  H  ,  Galesburg,  111. 

Parker  Leonard  S.,  Haverhill,  Ms. 

Paiker  Orson,  Flint,  Mich. 

Parker  Oscar  F.,  New  Y'ork 

Parker  Roswell  N.,  Adams,  Mich. 

Parker  R.  D.,  late  of  Leavenworth,  K.  T. 

Parker  William  W.,  York,  Me. 

Parker  Wooster,  Belfast,  Me. 

Parkinson  Royal,  Sandwich,  N.  H. 

Parmelee  A.,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 

Parmelee  David  L.,  South  Farms,  Ct. 

Parmelee  Horace  M.,  Oak  Grove,  Wis. 

Parmelee  Simeon,  Underbill,  \t. 

Parry  John,  Big  Rock,  Wis. 

Parry  PorterjB.,  Pecatonica,  111. 

Parsons  Benjamin  B  ,  Wethersfield,  Wis. 

Parsons  Benjamin  F.,  Dover,  N.  H. 

Parsons  Benjamin  M.,  Sivas,  Turkej-. 

Parsons  Ebeuezer  G.,  Derry,  N.  H. 

Parsons  Henry  M.,. Springfield,  Ms. 

Parsons  Isaac,  East  Iladdam,  Ct. 

Parsons  John,  Livington,  Me. 

Parsons  John  U.,  Bristol,  Me. 

Parsons  William  L.,  Mattapoisett,  Ms. 

Partridge  Samuel  U.,  York,  Me. 

Patch  Reuben,  Centralia,  111. 

Patchin  John,  Lodi,  Mich. 

Patrick  Henry  J  ,  Bedford,  Ms. 

Patrick  Joseph  H.,  South  AVellfleet,  Ms. 

Patrick  William,  Boscawen,  N.  H. 

Patten  Abel,  Alstead,  N.  II. 

Patten  William  A  ,  York,  Me. 

Pattengill  J.  S.,  Walton,  N.  Y. 

Pattison  J.  T.,  Stanstead,  C.  E. 

Patton  William,  D.D.,  New  Y'ork. 

Patton  AYiUiam  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

Payne  Joseph  H.,  Salem,  AVis. 

Peabody  Ch.irles,  Biddeford,  Me. 

Peabody  John  Q  ,  Ipswich,  Ms. 

Peabody  Josiah,  Erzroom,  Persia. 

Pearl  Cyril,  East  Baldwin,  Me. 

Pearson  Ruel  M.,  Byron,  111. 

Peart  Joseph,  Whitney ville.  Me. 

Pease  Aaron  G.,  Norwich,  A't. 

Pease  Calvin,  D.D.,  Burlington,  A't 

Pease  GUes,  15oston,  Ms. 

Peck  David,  Danbury,  Ct. 

Peck  Henry  E.,  Oberlin,  O. 

Peckham  Joseph,  Kingston,  Ms. 

Peckham  Samuel  H.,  Leominster,  Ms. 

Peeler  G.,  Sand  Bank,  N.  Y. 

Peet  Stephen  D.,  New  London,  Wis. 

Peffers  Aaron  B.,  Carlton  Center,  N.  T. 

Peirce  AYillard,  North  Abington,  AIs. 

Peloubet  Francis  N.,  Lanesville,  Ms. 

Pendleton  H.  G.,  Henry,  111. 

Penfield  Homer,  Quincy,  Iowa. 

Penfield  Samuel,  Como,  111. 

Penfield  T.  B.,  Oberlin,  Jamaica,  W.  I. 

Penuell  Lewis,  West  Stockbridge  Center,  Ms. 

Pennington  James  AY.  C,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Pennoyer  Andrew  L.,  La  Harpe,  III. 

Perham  John,  Rocton,  111. 

Perkins  Ariel  E.  P.,  Vvare,  Ms. 

Perkins  Ebenezer,  Royalston,  Ms. 


152 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


Perkins  Frederick  T.,  Williamsburg,  Ms. 

Perkins  U.  K.  W.,  Medford,  Ms. 

Perkins  J.  W.,  Chester,  Wis. 

Perkins  Jonas,  Weymouth,  AIs. 

Perrin  Lavalette,  New  Uritain,  Ct. 

Perry  Albert,  late  of  Stoughton,  Ms. 

Perry  David,  I'epperell,  Ms. 

Perry  Isaac  S.,  Bellows  Falls,  Yt. 

Perry  John  A  ,  Oyilford  Village,  Me. 

Perry  John  B.,  Swaiiton  ,  Vt. 

Perry  Ralph,  Agawam,  Ms. 

Perry  Salmon  C,  Windsor,  Ms. 

Peters  Absalom,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Petrie  J.,  Westmoreland,  0 

Pettibone  Ira,  Winchester  Center,  Ct. 

Pettibone  Ira  F.,  Constantinople,  Turkey. 

Pettibone  P.  C  ,  Burlint;ton,  Wis. 

Pettitte  John,  Buoyrus,  0. 

Phelps  Austin,  D.D.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Phelps  Eliakim,  D.D.,  North  Woodstock,  Ct. 

Phelps  S.  Wallace,  Lee  Center,  111. 

Phelps  Winthrop  H.,  Monterey,  Ms. 

Phillips  John  C,  Methuen,  Ms. 

Phillips  Lebbeus  K.,  Sharon,  Ms. 

Phipps  William,  Paxton,  Ms. 

Pickard  Daniel  W.,  late  of  Auburn,  Me. 

Pickett  Aaron,  Sandisfield,  Ms. 

Pierce  Asa  C,  Northfield,  Ct. 

Pierce  Charles  11  ,  Neponset,  111. 

Pierce  John  D.,  Ypsilanti,  Jlich. 

Pierce  John  W.,  Mt.  Desert,  Me. 

Pierce  William,  Bentonsport,  lo. 

Pierson  S.  VV.,  Newbury,  0. 

Pike  Alpheus  J.,  Marlboro',  Ct. 

Pike  John,  Rowley,  Ms. 

Pinkerton,  David,  Oakfield,  Wis. 

Piper  Caleb  W.,  Bakersfiekl,  Yt. 

Piatt  Dennis,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Piatt  Ebenezer,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y'. 

Piatt  Henry  D.,  Chesterfield,  111. 

Piatt  Merritt  S.,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Piatt  William,  Utica,  Mich. 

Plumb  Albert  H.,  Chelsea,  Ms. 

Plumb  Elijah  W.,  South  Canton,  N.  Y. 

Plimpton  Salem  M.,  Wells  River,  Yt. 

Pomeroy  Jeremiah,  Charlemont,  Ms. 

Pomeroy  Lemuel,  Huntsburg,  0. 

Pomeroy,  Swan  L.,  D.I).,  Boston,  Ms. 

Pomroy  Rufus,  Otis,  Ms. 

Pond  Charles  B.,  Turin,  N.  Y. 

Pond  Enoch,  D.D.,  Bangor,  Me. 

Pond  J.  E.,  Neenah,  Wis. 

Pond  William  C,  Downieville,  Cal. 

Poor  Daniel  J.,  Gorham,  Me. 

Porter  Charles  S.,  South  Boston,  Ms. 

Porter  Giles  M.,  Farmersburg,  lo. 

Porter  J.  G.,  Lyonsville,  111. 

Porter  James,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

Porter  Jeremiah,  Chicago,  111. 

Porter  Michael  M.,  Loudon,  Mich. 

Porter  Noah,  D.D.,  Farmington,  Ct. 

Porter  Noah,  Jr.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Porter  Samuel,  Bradford,  Pa. 

Porter  Samuel  F.,  Malta,  111. 

Porter  William,  I'ort  Byron,  111. 

Porter  William,  Beloit,  Wis. 

Post  Truman  M.,  D.D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Potter  Daniel  F.,  Topsham,  Me. 

Potter  Edmund  S.,  E.ast  Weymouth,  Ms. 

Potter  J.,  Buck  Tooth,  N.  Y. 

Potter  William,  Freedom,  0. 

Powell  Rees,  Delaware,  0. 

Powers  Dennis,  South  Abington,  Ms. 

Powis  Henry  D.,  Quebec,  C.  E. 

Pratt  Almon  B.,  Genesee,  Mich. 

Pratt  Edward,  New  York. 

Pr.att  Edward  ii.,  Woodstock  (East),  Ct. 

Pratt  Enoch,  Brewster,  Ms. 

Pratt  Francis  G.,  Middleboro,  Ms. 

Pratt  Henry,  Dudley,  Ms. 

Pratt  Miner  0.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Pratt  Parsons  S.,  Dorset,  Yt. 

Pratt  Rufus,  Ma.lrid,  N.  Y. 

Pratt  Stillmiin,  .Mi.l.lleboro,  Ms. 

Pratt  T.  C,  H.impstoad,  N.  H. 

Prentice  Charles  T.,  Easton,  Ct. 

Prentice  John  H.,  La  Grange,  0. 


Price  Ebenezer,  Boston,  Ms. 

Prince  E.,  Cascade,  Mich. 

Prince  Newell  A.,  Bethel,  Ct. 

Prudden  George  P.,  Watertown,  Ct. 

Pr.vse  James  M.,  New  London,  0. 

PuUar  Thomas,  Hamilton,  C.  W. 

Putnam  Austin,  Whitneyville,  Ct. 

Putnam  Israel  W.,  D.D.,  Middleboro,  Ms. 

Putn.am  John  M.,  Dunbarton.  N.  H. 

Putnam  John  N.,  Hanover.  N.  H. 

Putnam  Rufus  A.,  Pembroke,  N.  H. 

Quick  James,  Jaffna,  Ceylon. 

Quint  Alonzo  II.,  Jamaica  Plain,  Ms. 

liadcliffe  Leonard  L.,  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wia. 

Kan  J  Asa,  Ashburnham,  Ms. 

Rankin  Adam  L.,  Loda,  III. 

Rankin  Andrew,  Essex,  Yt. 

Rankin  Arthur  T.,  Collins  Station,  III. 

Rankin  J.  Eames,  St.  Albans,  Yt. 

Rankin  S.  G.  W.,  Portland,  Ct. 

Ranslow  George  W.,  Milton,  Yt. 

Ransom  Cyrenius,  Moriah,  N.  Y. 

Ray  Benjamin  F.,  Mclndoe's  Falls,  Yt. 

Ray  Charles  B.,  New  York. 

Ray  John  W.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

Raymond  Alfred  C,  Orange,  Ct. 

Raymond  Ari,  Oro,  C.  W. 

Piaymond  Stetson,  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

Raynor  J.  W.,  Springville,  0. 

Reed  Andrew  H.,  Mendon,  Ms. 

Reed  Frederic  k  A.,  Cohasset,  Ms. 

Reed  Julius  A.,  Diivenport,  lo. 

Reid  Adam,  D.D.,  Salisbury,  Ct. 

Reikie  Thomas  M.,  Bowmanville,  C.  W. 

Eelyea  Benjamin  J.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Renshaw  Charles  S.,  Richmond,  Me. 

Reynard  J.,  Shullsburg,  AVis. 

Reynolds  C.  P.,  Manningville,  C.  E. 

Reynolds  Charles  0.,  Morrisania,  N.  X. 

Reynolds  Tertius,  F'airfax,  Yt. 

Reynolds  William  T.,  Kiantone,  N.  Y. 

Rice  Charles  B  ,  Saco,  Me. 

Rice  Chauncey  D.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Rite  Enos  H.,  James  Port,  L.  I. 

Rice  George  G.,  Hiawatha,  K.  T.,  or  Onawa,  lo. 

Rice  Thomas  0.,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Rich  Alonzo  B.,  Beverly,  Ms. 

Richards  Austin,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

Richards  George,  Boston,  Ms. 

Richards  James,  Litchfield,  Ct. 

Richards  Jonas  De  F.,  Weathersfield,  Yt. 

Richards  Samuel  T.,  Spencerport,  N.  Y. 

Richardson  A.  M.,  Austinburg,  0. 

Richardson  Charles  W'.,  Northfield,  Mo. 

Richardson  Ellas  H.,  Dover,  N.  H. 

Richardson  Gilbert  B.,  Douglas,  Ms. 

Richardson  Henry,  Goshen,  N.  H. 

Richardson  James  P.,  Otistield,  Me. 

Richardson  M.  L.,  Woolwich,  Me. 

Richardson  Merrill,  Worcester,  Ms. 

Richardson  Nathaniel,  Norway,  Me. 

Richardson  S.  W.  F.,  Saybrook,  0. 

Riddel  Corbin,  Spencer,  N.  Y. 

Riddel  Samuel  H.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Ripley  Erastus,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Ritchie  George,  Port  Colboui-ne,  C.  W. 

Roaf  John,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

Robbins  Alden  B.,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

Bobbins  Loren,  Kewanee,  111. 

Robbins  Royal,  Kensington,  Ct. 

Robbins  Silas  W.,  East  Haddam,  Ct. 

Roberts  Bennet,  Quasqueton,  Iowa. 

Roberts  Jacob,  Medway,  Ms. 

Roberts  James  A.,  Berkley,  Ms. 

Roberts  John  G.,  Frankfort  Mills,  Me. 

Roberts  Thomas  E.,  Barkhamstead,  Ct. 

Robertson  James,  Sherbrooke,  C.  E. 

Robie  Edward,  Greenland,  N.  11. 

Robie  Thomas  S.,  Waldoboro,  Me. 

Robinson  Edward  W.,  Bethany,  Ct. 

Robinson  Henry,  Guilford,  Ct. 

Robinson  Robert,  Stratford,  C.  W. 

Robinson  Reuben  T.,  Winchester,  Ms. 

Robinson  Scptimius,  Morristown,  Vt. 

Robson  W.  \V.,  Windsor,  Mich. 

Rockwell  Samuel,  New  Britain,  Ct. 

Rockwood  Gilbert,  Pekin,  N.  Y. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymm. 


153 


Rockwood  Lubini  B.,  Tiocky  Hill,  Ct. 

Rockwood  Otis,  Bridgcwater,  Ms. 

Rockwood  Samuel  L.,  North  Weymouth,  Ms. 

Rodman  Daniel  S.,  Cleveland,  0. 

Rogers  Isaac,  Knfield,  N.  II. 

Rogers  L.,  Walworth,  Wis. 

Rogers  Stephen,  Wolcott,  Ct. 

Rood  Heman,  Ilartland,  Vt. 

Rood  Thomas  II.,  Goshen,  Ms. 

Root  Augustine,  Lakeville,  Ms. 

Root  David,  New  Ilavcn,  Ct. 

Root  .lames  P.,  Walton,  N.  Y. 

Root  Marvin,  Elk  Horn  Grove,  111. 

Ropes  William  L.,  Wrentham,  Ms. 

Rounce  Joseph  S.,  Northfield,  Min. 

Rou.se  Thomas  H.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

Rowe  Aaron,  Watervliet,  Mich. 

Rowe  Elihu  T.,  Meriden,  N.  H.  or  White  River,  Tt. 

Ronell  Joseph,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Rowley  George  B.,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 

Roy  John  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

Royce  .Andrew,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Ruddock  Edward  N.,  East  Pharsalia,  N.  Y. 

Russell  Benjamin,  Sharon,  Mich. 

Russell  Ezekiel,  D.D.,  East  Randolph,  Ms. 

Russell  Henry  A.,  East  Hampton,  Ct. 

Russell  Isaac,  Buffalo  Grove,  Iowa. 

Russell  William,  Seville,  0. 

Rus.sell  William  P.,  Memphis,  Mich. 

Rustedt  Henry  F.,  Sudbury,  Vt. 

Sabin  Joel  G..  Le  liaysville,  Pa. 

Sabin  Lewis,  D.D  ,  Templeton,  Ms. 

Safford  George  B.,  Northbridge,  Ms. 

Salmon  Eben  P.,  North  Fairfield,  0. 

Salter  C.  C,  Kewanee,  111. 

Salter  John  W.,  Norwich,  Ct. 

Salter  William,  Burlington.  Iowa. 

Samson  Amos  J.,  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

Samuel  Griffith,  late  of  Ixouio,  Wis. 

Samuel  Robert,  New  Rutland,  111. 

Sanborn  Edwin  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Sanborne  George  E.,  Georgia,  Vt.  * 

Sanborne  P.  F.,  West  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 

Sanders  Marshall  D  ,  Ceylon. 

Sander.son  Alpheus,  Goodrich,  Mich. 

Sanderson  Ilenrj'  H.,  Wallingford,  Vt. 

Sanford  John,  Taunton,  Ms. 

Sands  John  D.,  Keosauqua,  Iowa. 

Sanford  Baalis,  East  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

Sanford  David,  Medway,  Ms. 

Sanford  Enoch,  Dighton,  Ms. 

Sanford  William  H  ,  Woriester.  Ms. 

Sargent  Roger  M.,  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 

Savage  George  S.  F.,  St.  Charles.  111. 

Savage  William  T.,  Franklin,  N.H. 

Sawin  Thomas  P.,  Brookline,  N.  H. 

Sawyer  Benjamin,  Salisbury,  Ms. 

Sawyer  Daniel,  South  Merrimack,  N.  H. 

Sawyer  Leicester  A.,  White-sboro,  N.  Y. 

Sawyer  Rufus  M.,  Great  Falls,  N.  II. 

Saxby  James  S  ,  Mount  Vernon,  Iowa. 

Saxton  Joseph  A.,  Brookfield,  Ct. 

Scales  Jacob,  Plainfield,  N.  H. 

Scales  Wil  iam,  Lyndon,  Vt. 

Schlosser  George,  Lockport,  111. 

Scofield  William  C,  Ottawa,  111. 

Scotford  John,  Bedford,  Mich. 

Scott  Charles,  Pittsfield,  Vt. 

Scott  Nelson,  Marblebead,  Ms. 

Scranton  Erastus,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Scudder  Evarts,  Kent,  Ct. 

Seabury  Edwin,  Westminster,  Vt. 

Seagrave  James  L  ,  Bridgewaier,  Ms. 

Searle  Richard  T  ,  New  Marlboro',  Ms. 

Seaton  Charles  M.,  Charlotte,  Vt. 

Seccombe  Charles,  St.  Anthony,  Min. 

Sedgwick  Aveljn,  Troy,  Wis. 

Seeley  Raymond  H.,  late  of  Springfield,  Ms. 

t^elden  Calvin  M.,  Kockton,  III. 

Sessions  Alexander  J.,  Salem,  Ms. 

Se-sions  Joseph  W.,  West  Woodstock,  CI;. 

Sessions  Samuel,  Cannon,  Mich. 

Sewall  Dmiel,  Brighton,  Vt. 

Sewall  Daniel,  Dexter,  Me. 

Sewall  David  B.,  Fryeburg,  Me. 

Sewall  John  S.,  Wenham,  Ms. 

Sewall  Jotham,  North  Granville,  N.  Y. 


Sewall  Jotham  B.,  Lynn,  Ms. 

Sewall  Robert,  Stoughion,  \S\%. 

Sewall  Samuel,  Burlington,  Ms. 

Sewall  William,  Lunenburg,  Vt. 

Sewall  William  S.,  Brownvile,  Me. 

Seward  Edwin  D.,  Lake  Mills,  Wis. 

Seymour  B.  N.,  Camptonville,  Cal. 

Seymour  Charles  N.,  Whately,  Ms. 

Seymour  Henry,  Hawley,  Ms. 

Seymour  John  A.,  South  Glastenbury,  Ct. 

Seymour  John  L  ,  Charlestown,  0. 

Shafer  Archibald  S.,  Mori;an,  0. 

Shanks  Philip,  Lanark  Village,  C.  W. 

Sharpe  Andrew,  CoUanier,  0. 

Sharts  Derwin  W.,  Madison,  N.  Y. 

Shattuck  C.  S..  Greenwich.  N.  Y. 

Shaw  Edwin  W.,  Hudson,  Mich. 

Shaw  Luther,  Komeo,  Mich. 

Shedd  Charles,  WaMoja,  Minn. 

Shedd  William  G.  T.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Sheldon  Charles  B.,  Excelsior,  Min. 

Sheldon  Ln'her,  D.D  ,  Easton,  Ms. 

Sheldon  Luther  II  ,  We-tboro%  Ms. 

Sheldon  Nathaniel  W.,  Stoddard,  N.  H. 

■Sheldon  Stewart,  Wellsville,  N.  Y. 

Shepard  George,  D.D.,  Bingor,  Me. 

Shepard  Thonia--,  D.D.,  Bii.-tol,  U.  I. 

Shephard  John  W.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

Shepley  David.  Winslow,  Me. 

Sherman  Charles  S.,  Naugatuck,  Ct. 

Sherrill  E.  J  ,  Eaton,  C.  W. 

Sherrill  Franklin  G.,  Fulton,  Wig. 

Sherwin  John  C,  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

Shipman  Thomas  L.,  Jewett  City,  Ct, 

Shurtleff  Roswell,  D.D.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

Sim  Alexander,  St.  Andrews,  C.  E. 

Skeele  John  P.,  Wilbrahani,  Ms. 

Skinner  Edwin  S.,  late  of  So.  Wilbraham,  Ms. 

Skinner  Thomas  N.,  Webster  City,  lo. 

Sleeper  William  T.,  Wesibnro',  Ms. 

Sloan  Samuel  P.,  Winnebogo,  111. 

Small  Uriah  W.,  Sterling,  111. 

Smith  Anibro.se,  Boscawen,  N.  H- 

Smith  Asa  B.,  BncUland,  Ms. 

Smith  Bezileel,  East  Alstead,  N.  H. 

Smith  Buel  W.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Smith  Charles,  Boston,  Ms. 

Smith  Charles  B.,  West  Gloucester,  Ms. 

Smith  David,  D.D.,  Durham  Center,  Ct. 

Smith  Daniel  T.,  Bangor,  Me. 

Smith  Ebenezer,  Benson,  Vt. 

Smith  Edwin  G.,  Tremont,  HI. 

Smith  Edward  P.,  Peppeiell,  Ms, 

Smith  Elijah  P.,  Wayne,  lo. 

Smith  Francis  B.,  Acton,  Me. 

Smith  George,  Winsor,  0. 

Smith  George  M.,  Rocky  Hill,  Ct.. 

Smith  George  N.,  Grand  Traverse,  Mich. 

Smith  Henry,  D.D.,  Fearing,  0. 

Smith  Ht-nry  B.,  Abington,  Ct. 

Smith  Horace,  Richfield,  0. 

Smith  Ira  H  ,  Robin^on,  K   T. 

Smith  Ireno  W.,  Durham  Center.  Ct. 

Smith  James  A.,  Unionvilie,  Ct. 

Smith  John  D^,  late  of  Berkley,  Ms. 

Smith  Joseph,  Lovell,  Me. 

Sajith  Joseph  W.,  Barre,  Mich. 

Smith  Matson  M.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Smith  Moses,  Plainville,  Ct. 

Smith  Stephen  S.,  Warren,  Ms. 

Smith  Thomas,  Brewer  Village,  Me. 

Smith  William  C  ,  East  Saginaw,  Mich. 

Smith  William  J.,  Osage,  lo. 

Smith  William  S.,  Stratham,  N.  H.,  or  Guilford,  Ct. 

Smith  Wind,-^or  A.,  Orford,  N.  H. 

Smyth  Egbert  C  ,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Smyth  \Villiam,  Brunswick.  Me. 

Sued  ih'imas,  D.D.,  North  Brookfield,  Ms. 

Snow  Aaron,  Glastenbury.  Ct. 

Snow  Roswell  U.,  Waterfoid,  Wis. 

Snyder  Henry,'  Canaan,  Ct. 

Snyder  Solomon,  Cape  Canso,  N.  S. 

Soule  Charles.  Amherst,  Me. 

Soule  George,  Hampton,  Ct. 

Soule  John  B.  L.,  Raymond,  Wis. 

Souther  Samuel,  Fryeburg,  Me. 

Southgate  Robert,  Ipswich,  Ma. 


VOL.  II. 


21 


154 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


Southworth  Alanson,  South  Paris,  Me. 

Southworth  Henjamin.  Vassalboro',  Me. 

Southworth  I'rancis,  llolden,  Me. 

Southworth  Teitius  D.,  Pleasant  GroTe,  TTis. 

Spalding  George,  Ilammood,  Wis. 

Spilding  Samuel  J.,  Newburvport,  Ms. 

Spaulding  Alva,  Cornish,  N.  II. 

Spaulding  Uenjamin  A.,  Ottiimwa,  lo. 

Sparhawk  Samuel  W  ,  West  Kandolph,  Vt. 

Spear  Charles  V.,  Pittsfield,  Ms. 

Spear  David,  Rodman,  N.  Y. 

Spencer  A.,  Bristol,  N.  Y. 

Speicer  Franklin  A.,  New  Hartford,  Ct. 

Spooner  Charles,  Greenville,  Mieh. 

Spring  Samuel,  D.D.,  East  Ilarlford,  Ct. 

Squier  Ebenezer  II.,  Iligbgate,  Vt. 

Saker  II.,  Inverness,  N.  S. 

Stanley  Moses  C,  Wanitowoc,  Wis. 

Stanton  Robert  P.,  Greenville,  Ct. 

Starbiiok  Charles  C,  Kingston,  W.  I. 

Starr  Milton  B  ,  Corvallis,  Or. 

St.  Clair  Alanson,  Muskegon,  Mich. 

Stearns  George  J.,  Windham,  Ct. 

Stearns  Jesse  G.  D.,  Billeriea,  Ms. 

Stearns  Josiah  II.,  Eppiug,  N.  H. 

Stearns  William  A.,  D.U.,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Steele  Joseph,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Steiner  Ignaee,  Elmwood,  111. 

S'ephenson  Joseph,  Jericho,  HI. 

Sterry  DeWitt  C,  Lake  City,  Min. 

Stevens  Alfred,  Westminster,  Vt. 

Stevens  Asahel  A.,  Peoria,  111. 

Stevens  Cicero  C,  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. 

Stevens  Joseph,  Rochester,  Wis. 

Stevens  Solomon,  Raisinville,  Mich. 

Stevens  William  R  ,  River  Falls,  Wis. 

Stevenson  John  R.,  Lawrence,  Mich. 

Stinson  George  W.,  Sullivan,  N.  H. 

Sterling  George,  Canligan,  N.  B. 

Stoddard  William,  Fairplay,  Wis. 

Stoddard  Judson  B.,  South  Windsor,  Ct. 

S'one  Andrew  L.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Stone  Benjamin  P.,  D.D.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Stone  Cyrus,  Boston.  Ms. 

Stone  George,  North  Troy,  Vt. 

Stone  Harvey  M..  Gardner,  Me. 

Stone  James  P.,  Greensboro,  Vt. 

Stone  John  F.,  Montpelier,  Vt. 

Stone  John  S.,  Redford,  N.  \. 

Stone  Levi  II.,  Northfield,  A't. 

Stone  RoUin  S.,  East  Hampton,  Ms. 

Stone  Samuel,  Falmouth,  Me. 

Stone  Theodore,  North  Evans,  N.  Y. 

Stone  Timothy  D.  P.,  Amesbury,  Ms. 

Storer  Henry  G.,  Scitrboro',  Me. 

Storrs  Henry  M.,  Cincinnati,  0. 

Storrs  Richard  S.,  D.D.,  Braintree,  Ms. 

Storrs  Richard  S.,  Jr.,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Storrs  S.  D.,  Quindaro,  K.  T. 

Stoutenburgh  Luke  I.,  Chester,  N.  J. 

Stowe  John  M.,  Walpole,  N.  H. 

Stowe  Calvin  E.,  D  D.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Stowe  Timothy,  Nevf  Bedford,  lis. 

Stone  Timothy,  Lawrei-ce,  Mich. 

Stowell  Abijah,  Gill,  Ms. 

Stowell  Alexander  D.,  Woodbridge,  Ct. 

Street  Owen,  Lowell,  Ms. 

Streeter  Sereno  W.,  Wcstervelt,  0. 

Strieby  Michael  E.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Strong  David  A.,  South  Deerfield,  Ms. 

Strong  E.,  South  Natiik,  Ms. 

Strong  Edward,  New  Il:iven,  Ct. 

Strong  Guy  C,  Grandville,  Mich. 

Strong  John  C,  Bradford,  lo. 

Strong  Jo.«eph  D.,  Fairplay,  Wis. 

Strong  J.  H.,  New  Preston,  Ct. 

Strong  Lyman,  Colchester,  Ct. 

Strong  Stephen  C.,  Northampton,  Ms. 

Sfrowbridge  E.,  Mound  City,  K.  T. 

Stuart  Robert,  Waitsfield,  Vt. 

Sturges  Thomas  B.,  Greenfield,  Ct. 

Sturtevaiit  .lulian  M.,  D.D  ,  .lacksonville.  111. 

Sturtevant  .1.  M   Jr.,  Jacksonville,  111. 

Sturtevant  William  11  ,  South  Dennis,  Ms. 

Swain  Leonard,  D.D.,  J'rovidence,  R.  I. 

Swallow  Benjamin,  Trumbull,  Ct. 

Swallow  Josv'ph  E.,  Southampton,  Ma. 


Swan  Benjamin  L.,  Stratford,  Ct. 

Sweetser  Seth,  D.D.,  Worcester,  Ms. 

Sweezy,  Samuel,  AVinnebago,  III. 

Swift  A.  F.,  North  Brookfield,  Ms. 

Swift  II.  M.,  Lamoille,  111. 

Swift  Aurelius,  Pittsfield,  Vt. 

Sykes  Lewis  E.,  St.  Charles,  IlL 

Talcott  Ilervey,  Portland,  Ct. 

Tallman  Thomas,  Scotland,  Ct. 

Tappan  Benjamin,  D.D.,  Augusta,  Me. 

Tappan  Benjamin,  Jr.,  Norridgewock,Me. 

Tappan  Daniel  D.,  late  of  Farmingfon,  N.  H. 

Tarbox  Increase  N.,  Fmmingham,  Ms. 

Tatlcck  John,  Prof.,  WiUiamstown,  Ms. 

Tatlock  John,  South  Adams,  Ms. 

Taylor  Chauncey,  Algona,  lo. 

Taylor  Edward.  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Taylor  E.  D.,  Claridon,  0. 

Taylor  Ephraim,  Ashville,  N.  Y. 

Taylor  I.  N.,  Jay,  Ind. 

Taylor  James  F.,  Newark,  111. 

Taylor  Jeremiah,  Middletown,  Ct. 

Taylor  John  L,,  Andover,  Ms. 

Taylor  Lathrop,  Bloomington,  111. 

Taylor  S.  D.,  Ashville,  N.  Y. 

Teele  Albert  K.,  Milton,  Ms. 

Temple  Charles.  Vermontville,  Mich. 

Temple  Josiah  H.,  Framingham,  Ms. 

Tenney  Asa  P  ,  West  Concord,  N.  II. 

Tenney  Charles,  Biddeford,  Me. 

Tenney  Daniel,  Lawrence,  Ms. 

Tenney  Edward  P.,  Kittery,  Me. 

Tenney  Erdix,  Lyme,  N.  II. 

Tenney  Francis  V..  Manchester,  Ms. 

Tenney  Leonard,  Thetford,  Vt. 

Tenney  Sewall,  Ellsworth,  Me. 

Tenney  Thomas,  Shell  iiock,  lo. 

Tenney  William  A.,  Dalles,  Oregon. 

Terry  Calvin,  North  AVeymouth,  Ms. 

Terry  James  P.,  South  Weymouth,  Ms. 

Tewksbury  George  F.,  Oxford,  Me. 

Thacber  Gei  ige.  West  Meriden,  Ct. 

Thacher  Isaiah  C,  Middleboro,  Ms. 

Thatcher  Tyler,  Marysville,  Cal. 

Thayer  Peter  B.,  Garland,  Me. 

Thayer  Thatcher,  Newport,  K.  T. 

Thayer  William  W.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

Thomas  John  P.,  Carmel,  0. 

Thomas  Ozro  A.,  Clinton  Falls,  Min. 

Thomas  Robert  D.,  New  York. 

Thome  James  A.,  Cleveland  West,  0. 

Thompson  Alexander  R.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Thompson  Augustus  C,  Roxbury ,  Ms. 

Thompson  George  W.,  Stratham,  N.  H. 

Thompson  John  C,  Ilolyoke,  Ms. 

Thompson  Joseph  P.,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Thompson  Leander  W.,  Amesbury,  Ms. 

Thompson  Loring,  Kingston,  W.  I. 

Thompson  Samuel  II.,  McIIenry,  111. 

Thompson  William,  D.D.,  East  Windsor  Hill,  Ct. 

Thompson  William  S.,  Guilford,  Vt. 

Thornton  James  B.,  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Thrall  Samuel  R.,  Summer  Hill,  lU. 

Thurston  David,  D.D.,  Litchfield  Corner,  Mfc 

Thurston  Eli,  Fall  River,  Ms. 

Thurston  John  R.,  Newburyport,  Ms. 

Thurston  Richard  B.,  AValtham,  Ms. 

Thurston  Stephen,  Searsport,  Me. 

Thwing  Edward  P.,  Portland,  Me. 

Tiffany  Charles  C,  Derby,  Ct. 

Tilden  Lucius  L.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Tillotson  George  J.,  Putnam,  Ct. 

Timlow  G.  W.,  North  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

Tindale  .lames,  Tonica,  111. 

Tingley  Miirshall,  Ransom,  Mich. 

Tipton  T.  W.,  Brownville,  Neb.  T. 

Tisdale  James,  late  of  Shutesbury,  Ms. 

Titcomb  Philip,  Kennebunkport,  Me. 

Titcomb  Stephen,  Weld,  Me. 

Tobey  Alvan,  Durham,  N.  H. 

Todii  David,  Providence,  III. 

Todd  John,  D.D.,  Pittsfield,  Ms. 

Todd  John,  Tabor,  lo. 

Tolman  Richard,  Tewksbury,  Ms. 

Tolman  Samuel  II.,  Wilmington,  Ms. 

Tompkins  William  B.,  Rridgewater,  N.  Y. 

^ompkins  W.  R.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


155 


Topliff  Stephen,  Oxford,  Ct. 

Torrey  Charles  W.,  East  Cleveland,  0. 

Torrey  Joseph,  Sherbrooke,  C.  E. 

Torrey  Joseph,  D.D.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Torrey  Reuben,  Elrawood,  R.  I. 

Torrey  William  T.,  EJinburg,  0. 

Townsend  Luther,  Troy,  N.  II. 

Tracy  Caleb  B.,  Rochester,  Vt. 

Tracy  Ira,  Spring  Valley,  Min. 

Tracy  Joseph,  Beverly,  Ms. 

Train  Asa  M.,  Milford,  Ct. 

Trask  George,  Fitehburg,  Ms. 

Treat  Selah  B.,  Boston,  Ms. 

Tremain  Richard,  Sandy  Creek,  N.  Y. 

Tuck  Jeremy  \W.,  Ludlow,  Ms. 

Tucker  E  ,  Jay,  Ind. 

Tucker  Elijah  W.,  Preston,  Ct. 

Tucker  G.  L.,  Fox  Lake,  Wis. 

Tucker  Joshua  T.,  Ilolliston,  Ms. 

Tucker  Mark,  D.D.,  Vernon,  Ct. 

Tucker  N.,  Nankin,  Mich. 

Tucker  Stillman,  Spring  Grove,  lo. 

Tufts  John  B..  Marine,  Minn. 

Tufts  James,  Monson,  Ma. 

Tupper  Henry  M.,  Waverly,  111. 

Tupper  Martyn,  Hardwick,  Ms. 

Turner  Asa,  Denmark,  lo. 

Turner  Edwin  B.,  Morris,  III. 

Turner  Josiah  \V.,  Andover,  Ms. 

Turner  William  W.,  D.D  ,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Tuttle  Timothy,  Ledvard,  Ct. 

Tuttle  William  G.,  Harrisville,  N.  H. 

Tuxbury  Franklin.  Iladley,  Ms. 

Twining  Kinsley,  Hinsdale,  Ms. 

Twining  W.,  Crawfoidsville,  Ind. 

Twitchell  George  M.,  Pontiac,  Mich. 

Twitchell  Royal,  Anoka,  Min. 

Tyler  Amory  II.,  Falmouth,  Me. 

Tyler  Charles  M.,  Natick,  Ms. 

Tyler  John  E.,  East  Windsor  Hill,  Ct. 

Tyler  M.,  Owego,  N.  Y. 

Tyler  William,  Pawtucket,  Ms. 

Tyler  Wellington  H.,  Elizabeth  town,  N.  J. 

Uhler  George,  Stockbridge,  Ms. 

Underbill  John  W.,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Underwood  Almon,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Underwood  Joseph,  East  Hardwick,  Vt. 

Unsworth  Joseph,  Georgetown,  C.  W. 

Upham  Nathaniel,  Manchester,  Vt. 

Upham  Thomas  C,  D.D.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Upton  John  R.,  Wolf  Creek,  Iowa, 

Utley  Samuel,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Vaill  Hermon  L  ,  Litchfield,  Ct. 

Vaill  Joseph,  D  D.,  Palmer,  Ms. 

VaUl  William  F.,  Wethersfield,  111. 

Vandyke  Samuel  A.,  West  Urbana,  111. 

Van  Antwerp  John,  Dewitt,  Iowa. 

Van  Wagner  James,  Wakeman,  0. 

Venning  C.  B.,  Brandon,  Jamaica,  AV.  I. 

Vermilye  Robert  G.,  D.D.,  East  Windsor  HUI,  Ct. 

Vietz  Christian  F.,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

Vincent  James,  St.  Clair,  Mich. 

Vincent  James,  Brimfield,  111. 

Vinton  John  A.,  South  Boston,  Ms. 

Vose  James  G  ,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Waite  Hiram  H.,  Winfield,  N.  Y. 

Waitt  Clarendon,  Rutland,  Ms. 

Wakefield  William,  Harmar,  0. 

Walcott  Jeremiah  W.,  Ripon,  Wis. 

Waldo  Levi  F.,  La  Salle,  111. 

Walker  Aldace,  West  Rutland,  Vt. 

Walker  Charles,  D.D.,  Pittsford,  Vt. 

Walker  Elkanah,  Forest  Grove,  Oregon. 

Walker  George  L.,  Portland,  Me. 

Walker  Horace  D.,  East  Abington,  Ms. 

Walker  James  B.,  Sandusky  City,  O. 

Walker  James  B.  R.,  Holyoke,  Ms. 

Walker  Townsend,  Huntington,  Ms. 

Wallace  Cyrus  W.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

Wallace  Findley,  Rockland,  Me. 

Ward  B.  C,  St.  Charles,  111. 

Ward  James  W.,  Madison,  Wis. 

Ward  Jonathan,  Brentwood,  N,  H. 

Ward  Nathan,  North  Troy,  Vt. 

Ward  W.  H.,  Oskaloosa,  K.  T. 

Ware  Samuel,  Sunderland,  Ms. 

Warner  Aaron,  Amherst,  Ms. 


Warner  Calvin,  Elk  Grove,  Wis. 

Warner  Hiram  G.,  Big  Rock,  111. 

Warner  Lyman,  Ashfield,  Ms. 

Warner  Oliver,  Northampton,  Ms. 

Warner  Warren  W.,  Champion,  N.  Y. 

Warren  Alpha,  Roscoc,  111. 

AVarren  Daniel,  Warner,  N.  H. 

Warren  Israel  P.,  Boston,  Ms. 

AVarren  James  H.,  Nevada,  Cal. 

Warren  W.,  Tbree  Oaks,  Mich. 

Warren  Waters,  East  Berkshire,  yu 

Warren  William,  Gorham,  Mo. 

Warriner  Francis,  Lower  Waterford,  Vt. 

AVashburn  Asabei  C,  Berlin,  Ct. 

AVaterbury  Talmadge,  Port  Sanilac,  Mich. 

AVaterbury  Jared  B.,  D.D  ,  Stamford,  Ct. 

AVaterman  Thomas  T.,  AVest  Killingly,  Ct. 

AVaters  Simeon,  Deer  Isle,  Me.,  or  Watago,  111. 

AA'atson  C.  P.,  London,  C.  AV. 

AVatts  J.,  Dnnleith,  111. 

AVebb  Edward,  Madura,  India. 

AVebb  Edwin  B.,  Augusta,  Me. 

AVebb  Wilson  D.,  Henry,  111. 

AA'ebber  George  N.,  Hartford,  Ct. 

AVebster  John  C,  Ilopkinton,  Ms. 

AVeed  William  B.,  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Weller  James,  Bunker  Hill,  111. 

Wellington  Horace,  St.  Jobns-bury  Center,  Vt, 

AVellman  Joshua  AV.,  Newton,  Ms. 

Wells  James,  Dedham,  Me. 

AVells  John  H.,  Kingston,  R.  I. 

AA'ells  Moses  H.,  Hinsdale,  N.  II. 

AVells  Milton,  New  Lisbon,  Wis. 

Wells  Noah,  Granville,  Ms. 

AVells  Theodore,  Dorchester,  N.  H. 

Wert  David,  Allegan,  Mich. 

Westervelt  William  A.,  Oskaloosa,  lo. 

AVeston  Isaac,  Cumberland  Center,  Me. 

Weston  James,  Standish,  Me. 

AVetherby  Charles,  North  Cornwall,  Ct. 

AVheaton  Levi,  North  Falmouth,  Ms. 

Wheeler  Francis  B.,  late  of  Saco,  Me. 

AVheeler  John,  D.D.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

AA^heeler  Joseph,  Albion,  C.  W. 

AA'beeler  Melancthon  G.,  late  of  So.  Dartmouth,  Ms 

Wheeler  Orville  G.,  So.  Hero,  Vt. 

AVheelock  Edwin,  Cambridge,  Vt. 

AVhi-elock  Levi,  Boston,  Mich. 

AA'heelock  Rufus  A  ,  Deer  River,  N.  Y. 

AVheelwright  John  B  ,  Bethel,  Me. 

AVhipple  George,  New  York. 

AVhitcomb  AVilliam  C,  Carver,  Ms. 

AV'hite  Broughton,  Acworth,  N.  H. 

AVhite  Calvin,  Amherst,  Ms. 

White  Isaac  C.,  North  Abington,  Ms. 

AVbite  Jacob,  Orleans,  Ms. 

AVhite  James  C.,  Cleveland,  0. 

AVhite  J.  W.,  Sheffield,  0.,  or  Morrison,  lU. 

AVhite  Lorenao  J.,  Lyons,  Iowa. 

AVhite  Lyman,  Easton,  Ms. 

AVhite  Orlando  11.,  Meriden,  Ct. 

AA'hite  Orin  AA'.,  Strongsville,  0. 

AVhite  Pliny  H.,  Coventry,  Vt. 

AVhite  Seneca,  Amherst,  N.  U. 

AVhiting  Lyman,  Providence,  R.  I. 

AVhitmaa  Alphonso  L.,  Westerly,  R.  I. 

AA'hitmore  Alfred  A.,  Troy,  0. 

AV^hitmore  Roswell,  West  Killingly,  Ct. 

AA'hitmore  Zolva,  Chester,  Ms. 

AV^hittemore  William  H.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Whitney  E.,  El  wood,  Kan.  T. 

Whitney  Elkanah,  New  Baltimore,  Mich. 

AVhitney  John,  Westford,  Ms. 

Whittlesey  Eliphalet,  Bath,  Me. 

Whittlesey  John  S.,  Durant,  lo. 

Whittlesey  Joseph,  Berlin,  Ct. 

AVhittlesey  Martin  K.,  Ottawa,  lU. 

AVhittlesey  AVilliam,  New  Britain,  Ct. 

AVickes  Henry,  Deep  River,  Ct. 

Wickes  John,  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

AVickes  Thomas,  Marietta,  0. 

Wickham  Joseph  D.,  Manchester,  Vt. 

AVight  Daniel,  Jr.,  late  of  North  Scituate,  Ms. 

Wilcox  John,  Kockford,  111. 

AVilcox  Philo  B.,  East  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

Wild  Daniel,  Brookfield,  Vt. 

Wilde  John,  late  of  Brunswick,  Me. 


156 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jai?. 


Wilder  Hyman  A.,  South  Africa. 

Wilder  Moses  II.,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

"Wilkes  Henry.  DD.,  Montreal,  C.  E. 

Wilkinson  Heed,  Fairfield,  lo. 

Willard  Andrew  J.,  Upton,  Ms. 

AV'illard  Henry,  Zumbrota,  Jlin. 

Willard  James  L.,  WestTille,  Ct. 

Willard  Jolin,  Fairharen,  Ms. 

Willard  Samuel  6.,  Williniantie,  Ct. 

AVillcox  Giles  B.,  New  London,  Ct. 

Willcox  AVilliam  II.,  Heading,  Ms. 

WlUet  Marinus,  Blaek  Rock,  Ct. 

Willey  Austin,  Anoka,  Min. 

Willey,  Benjamin  G.,  East  Sumner,  Me. 

Willey  Charles,  Barringtou,  N.  II. 

Willey  Isaac,  Goffstown,  N.  H. 

Willey  Worcester,  Cherokee  Mission. 

Williams  E.  E.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 

Williams  Francis,  Chaplin,  Ct. 

Widiams  Francis,  Sherman,  Ct. 

Williams  Frederick  W.,  New  Canaan,  Cfc. 

Williams  John  M.,  Farmini^ton,  111. 

Williams  John,  Harrison,  0. 

Williams  Nathan  W.,  Shrew.sbury,  Ms. 

Williams  Kichard,  Emmet  and  Ixonia,  Wis. 

Williams  Robert  G  ,  AV'oodbury,  Ct. 

Williams  R.  J.,  Sault  Ste  Marie,  C.  W. 

Williams  Stephen  S.,  Orwell,  Vt. 

Williams  Thomas,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Williams  W.  W.,  Toledo,  0. 

Williams  WolcottB.,  Charlotte.  Mich. 

Williamson  R.  H.,  Dodgeville,  Wis. 

Williston  J.,  Oconomowoc,  Wis. 

Willoughby  Reuben,  Little  Valley,  N.  Y. 

Wilson  Hiram,  St.  Catherine,  C.  W. 

Wilson  John  G.,  Swanzey,  N.  H. 

Wilson  Levi  B.,  Windham,  0. 

AVilson  Levin,  Cynthiana,  Ind. 

Wilson  Lewis,  Petersburg,  Ind. 

AYilson  Robert,  Sheffield,  N.  B. 

AVilson  Thomas,  Stoughton,  Ms. 

Winchester  Warren  W.,  Clinton,  Ms. 

Winch  Caleb  M.,  Worcester,  Vt. 

Windsor  John  H.,  St.  Charles.  Iowa. 

Winflsor  John  W.,  New  Oregon,  Iowa. 

Windsor  William,  Mitchell,  Iowa. 

Winslow  Horace,  Great  IJarrington,  Ms. 

AVinter  George,  Grand  Blanc,  Mich. 

AViswall  Lvitlicr,  Windham,  Me. 

Withington  Leonard,  D.D.,  Newburyport,  Ms. 

Wolcott  Samuel,  Chicago,  111. 


AA'olcott  AVilliam,  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

AVood  Charles  W.,  Campello,  Ms. 

AVood  Enos,  Ilopkinton,  N.  Y. 

AVood  Francis,  Holland,  Ms. 

AVood  George  I.,  Guilford,  Ct. 

AVood  Horace,  Ossipee  Center,  N.  H. 

AA'ood  .1.  D.,  Buena  A'ista,  Wis. 

AVood  John,  Wolfborough,  N.  H. 

AVood  John,  Brantford,  C.  W. 

AVood  Samuel,  Pawlet,  A't. 

AVoodbridge  John,  D.D.,  Hadley,  Ms. 

AA'oodbridi^e  Jonathan  E.,  Auburndale,  Ms. 

AVoodbury  James  T.,  Milford,  Ms. 

AVoodbury  Samuel,  Freetown,  Ms. 

Woodcock  Harry  E.,  AVest  Greece,  N.  Y. 

AVoodford  Oscar  L.,  Grasshopper  Falls,  Kan.  T. 

AVoodhuU  John  .\.,  New  A'illage,  N.  Y. 

AVoodhull  Richard,  Bangor,  Me. 

AVoodman  Henry  A.,  Newburyport,  Ma. 

AA'oodruff  L.  N.,  Stockbridge,  A't. 

AVoodruff  Richard,  Richford,  N.  Y. 

AA'oods  John,  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H. 

AA^oods  Leonard,  D.D.,  Brunswick,  Me. 

AVoodward  George  H.,  Toledo.  lo. 

Woodward  James  W.,  Columbia,  Ct. 

AVoodward  John  II.,  Westford,  A't. 

AVoodworth  Charles  L.,  Amherst,  Ms. 

AVood  worth  AVilliam  W.,  Mansfield,  0. 

AA'ool.sey  Theodore  D.,  D.D.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Wooster  John,  Granby,  A't. 

AVorcestfr  David,  Sidney,  lo. 

Worcester  Isaac  R.,  Auburndale,  Ms. 

AVorcester  John  II.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Woi-cester  Samuel  M.,  D.D.,  Salem,  Ms. 

AVorrell  Benjamin  F.,  Prairie  City,  III. 

AVright  Alfred,  Quasqueton,  lo. 

AVright  Eben  P.,  Huntington,  Ms. 

AVright  Edwin  S.,  Orange,  N.  J. 

AA'right  James  L.,  Haddam,  Ct. 

Wright  John  E.  M.,  Rockport.  Me. 

AVright  Johnson,  Laporte,  0. 

Wright  Samuel  G.,  Galva,  III. 

Wright  AVilliam,  Buckland,  Ct. 

AVright  AVilliam  S.,  Chester,  Ct. 

AVright  AA'orthington,  late  of  Charlestown,  N.  H. 

AA'ykoff  A.  D.,  Bruce,  111. 

Yeaton  Franklin,  New  Gloucester,  Me. 

Young  John  K.,  D.D.,  Lacouia,  N.  H. 

Young  Samuel,  Hammond,  N.  Y. 

Youngs  Christopher,  Baiting  UoUow,  N.  Y. 

Zelie  J.  S.,  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    LIST    OF    CLERGYMEN, 

INCLUDING    NAMES    APPEARING   IN    THE    LAST  YEAK-BOOK,  BUT   NOT    REPORTED    THIS    YEAK, 

The  following  list  has  been  greatly  reduced  by  comparison  with  the  list  of  ministers  appearing  in  the  last 
Minutes  of  the  Presbyterian  (N.  S.)  General  Assembly.  In  the  interchange  of  ministers  by  indiscriminate 
settlements,  names  of  persons  once,  bnt  not  now,  pastors  of  our  churches,  have  come  upon  our  list,  whose 
ecdi-siastical  relations  are  now  PresOyterian.  Such  names  we  have  .'truck  out,  upon  the  following  principle: 
the  ecclefia«ticHl  chnrHCter  of  the  Church  determines  the  ecclesiastical  position  of  the  pastor  ;  a  minister,  .set- 
tled over  a  Presb\  terian  Church,  uotwithsiandiug  he  may  have  Congregational  preferences,  is,  by  position,  a 
Presbyterian;  and  vice  wrsa ;  a  member  of  a  Presbytery  dismissed  trcm  the  charge  ot  a  Congregational 
Church,  reverts  to  his  own  denomination— unle.ss  he  retains  connection  wit;li  a  Congregational  Assoii.ition,  ia 
which  case,  (in  absence  of  po-ilive  information.)  v»e  include  hiin  as  doubtful.  In  acting  on  this  principle,  we 
have  struck  out  many  Congreg.itionalists  in  sentiment,  and  the  General  Assembly  includes  them,  as  it  does, 
without  remark,  hundreds  of  Congregational  Churches  connected  with  it  by  the  Plan  of  Union.  The  names 
now  remaining,  after  this  revision,  will,  unless  reiiularly  hetird  from,  be  dropped  ne.xt  year.  Names  below  to 
which  an  obelisk  (t)  is  prefixed,  are  such  as  rightfully  belong  in  the  preceding  Index. 


Adams  E.  J.,  Portland,  Me. 
Adams  Isaac  F.,  Sherburn,  N.  Y. 
Adams  Thomas,  Hampden,  0. 
Allen  Erwia  W.,  AVellsville,  N.  Y. 
Allen  John  AV.,  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis. 
Ambler  John  L.,  Harlem,  N.  Y. 
Armes  William,  Beaver  Dam,  Wis. 
Armstrong  Lebbeus,  Ballstou  Spa,  N.  Y. 
Atwood  Alanson,  Oriskany  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Ayer  Frederick,  Belle  Prairie,  Min. 
Babbitt  Calvin  W.,  Metamora,  111. 
Bailey  Charles,  Grinnell,  Iowa. 
Bailey  Charles  E.,  Ontario,  Wis. 
Bailey  Stephen,  Lyman,  Me. 
Baker  John  F.,  Midway,  Ga. 


Barker  Davis  R.,  Marcer,  Pa. 
Barlow  Ahncr,  Dunkirk,  AA'is. 
Barnum  Heni.an  N.,  St.  .lohusbury,  Vt. 
Barrows  Simon,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
Bartlett  John,  West  Avon,  Ct. 
Bartlctt  AV.  C,  AVinsted,  Ct. 
Bas.sett  Edward  B.,  Cuttingsville,  A't. 
Bates  Elisha  D.,  Southboro,  Ms. 
B.iyne  Thomas,  Montreal,  C.  E. 
Bean  P.  .\.,  Hampden,  0. 
Bell  James  J  ,  East  Hampton,  Ct. 
Bingham  Luther  G.,  New  A'ork. 
Blauchard  G.  B.,  Jackson,  Me. 
Biauvelt  George  M.  S.,  lUcine,  AVi.s. 
Blumer  Adam,  Grand  A'iew,  Iowa. 


I860.] 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


157 


Bonney  Elijah  H.,  Plainfield,  Ms. 

Booth  Peter,  Greenport,  L.  I. 

Bosworth  M.,  Harrisville,  0. 

Boswortli  Nathan,  Lowville,  N.  Y. 

Bosworth  Q.  N.,  Lodi,  O. 

Boj'nton  AUlen  B.,  Wiscasset,  Me. 

Brauns  Frederick  W.,  Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y. 

Brewster  Loring,  Schroon,  N.  Y. 

Bridgman  William,  Concord,  111. 

tBriggs  Isaac,  North  Rochester,  Ms. 

Brooks  Asahel  L.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Bronson  J.  J.,  New  Hartford.  Ct. 

Brownell  Grove  L.,  Sbaron,  Ct. 

Burbank  Caleb,  Chatham,  0. 

Burnham  Edward  0.,  Coluinbu.<!,  Iowa. 

Burton  Nathan,  Uidgewaj',  Ct. 

Bush  J.  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

Caldwell  James,  Beardstown,  III. 

Campbell  C.  B.,  East  Groton,  N.  Y. 

Campbell  S.  Minor,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 

Campbell  Robert  B.,  Jr.,  New  York  City. 

Carrier  S.  S.,  Linklaen,  N.  Y. 

Case  Henry,  McConnellsville,  0. 

tCliamberlain  Edward  B.,  Lancaster,  N.  H. 

Chamberlain  U.  T  ,  Conneaut,  Pa. 

Christopher  William  B.,  Lacon,  111. 

tChurchill  John,  Woodbury,  Ct. 

Claflin  G.  P.,  Keuduskeag/Me. 

tClapp  Charles  W.,  Rockville,  Ct. 

Clark  George,  Oberlin,  Ohio. 

Clarke  William  F.,  Waukesha,  Wis. 

Clarke  William  S.,  Mancbester,  Mich. 

Cleaveland  Edward,  Barton,  Vt. 

Cleaveland  Ciiles  B.,  Arkport,  N.  Y. 

Cochran  Jonathan,  iGlenville,  Min. 

Cochran  Robert,  Austiuburg,  0. 

Coe  Truman,  Kirtland,  0. 

Cole  S.  G.,  Center,  Wis. 

tColton  Erastus,  Southwick,  Ms. 

Conklin  Luther,  Freeport,  Me. 

Conkling  Charles,  Rawsonville,  0. 

Crane  J.,  Butlerville,  lo. 

Crane  James  B.,  MidJletnwn,  Ct. 

Cross  J.  M.,  Andover,  N.  II. 

Curtis  William  B.,  Huntington,  Ct. 

Davison  Joseph,  Oberlin,  0. 

Davis  William  P.,  Rochester,  Wis. 

Deering  Kendall,  Gilead,  Me 

Delamaier  Thomas  II.,  Brighton,  0. 

Dempsey  William,  Middlebury,  0. 

Dickinson  E.  F.,  Chioigo,  111. 

Dickinson  James  T.,  Durham,  Ct. 

Dickinson  William  T.,  Eastport,  Me. 

Dixon  William  E.,  Ellington,  Ct. 

Donaldson  Asa,  Dover,  III. 

Donglats  James,  Rutland,  N.  Y. 

Dudley  John,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Duncklee  John,  Greenfield,  N.  H. 

Dyer  Francis,  Middlcfield,  Ct. 

Edson  Henry  K.,  Denmark,  lo. 

Edwards  Joseph,  Ripley,  0. 

Egleston  R.  S.,  Center,  0. 

Eidridge  Erasmus  D.,  Salisbury,  N.  H. 

•f Elliot  Samuel  II.,  New  Haven',  Ct. 

Emerson  M.,  Swtden,  Me. 

Esler  William  P.,  Eagle,  Mich. 

Evans  Evan  J.,  Montello,  Wis. 

Fay  George  V.,  Center,  0. 

t'ay  Henry  C,  Richmond,  Me. 

Fessenden  Samuel  C  ,  Portland,  Me. 

Fiske  Albert  W.,  Fisherville,  N.  II. 

Fletcher  James  C,  Portland,  Me. 

Foote  Lucius,  Delavan,  Wis. 

Francis  Daniel  D.,  Stratton,  N.  Y. 

Francis  Silas  J.,  Fontanelle,  Neb.  T. 

Freeman  Asa  R.,  Andover^  Ct. 

Fuller  Edward,  New  York. 

Fuller  Henry,  lluutiogton,  L.  I. 

Gardner  G.  B  ,  Ellsworth,  Ct. 

tGaylord  M.  C,  Union  Center,  N.  Y. 

Gibbs  John,  Bell  Port,  N.  Y. 

Gibbs  Samuel  T.,  Port  Jefferson,  N.  Y. 

Goodhue  Nathaniel  G.,  Oconomowoc,  Wis. 

Goodhue  Josiali  F.,  Shoreham,  Vt. 

Goodwin  Harley,  South  Canaan,  Ct. 

Goodwin  Samuel  M.,  Biddeford,  Me. 

Goodwin  Mason,  Hudson,  0. 


Hall  George  W.,  Stockholm,  N.  Y. 

Hall  William,  Randolph,  N.  Y. 

Harris  Evan,  Ixonia,  Wis. 

Harrison  Thomas  H.,  Lafayette,  111. 

Higbee  EInathan  E.,  Bethel,  Vt. 

Hill  James  J.,  Glencoe,  Min. 

Hinds  T.  W.,  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 

Hitchcock  S.  E.,  Sandusky  City,  0. 

Hobart  BI.,  Berlin,  Vt. 

Hobart  Sidney,  Turner,  Me. 

Hopkins  M.,  Industry,  Me. 

House  William,  Londonderry,  N.  H. 

Howard  Nathan,  Andover,  N.  H. 

Hoyes  J.  M.,  Trempeleau,  Wis. 

Hubbard  Thomas  S.,  Stockbridge,  Vt. 

Jameson  Thomas,  Gorham,  Me. 

Johnson  .1.  R.,  Putnam,  Ct. 

Johnson  William,  Sharon,  O. 

Keep  John,  Oberlin,  0. 

Kellogg  AUyn  S.,  Chandlerville,  HI. 

Kellogg  E.  W.,  Burritt,  111. 

Kendall  R.  S.,  Freeport,  Me. 

Kent  George  S.,  Windham,  Vt. 

Kidder  M.,  Union,  Me. 

Kiasbury  Phineas,  Parma,  U. 

Lacost  Michael,  New  Village,  N.  Y. 

Langstroth  Lorenzo  L.,  Coleraine,  Ms. 

Earned  William  A.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

LeDuc  Charles  L.,  Coolville,  0. 

Leeds  S.  Penniman,  Philadelphia. 

Leonard  Samuel,  Fulton  City,  111. 

Lewis  George,  Flint,  0. 

Lockwood  V.  Leroy,  Granville,  111. 

Lord  John,  Stamford.  Ct. 

I  Lyman  Chester  S.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Lyman  Timothy,  Lansing,  0. 

Lynch  Benjamin,  Portland,  Me. 

Manley  Ira,  Granville,  Wis. 

Mason  Joseph,  Hamilton,  111. 

Mather  Joseph,  Red  Rock,  lo. 

Maxwell  Samuel,  Fearing,  0. 

McHose  James,  Durango,  lo. 

McMurray  Joseph,  Brighton,  lo. 

Means  Rollin,  Griggsville,  111. 

Merrill  0.  AV.,  Corinth,  Vt. 

Messenger  Benoni  W.,  Bristolville,  0. 

Miller  Dexter,  Wardsboro',  At. 

Mills  Louis,  Boston,  Mich. 

Modesitt  \\.  M.,  Tcrre  Haute,  Ind. 

Morris  Richard,  Delalield,  AVis. 

Murdock  Alexander  V.,  Madison,  N.  Y. 

Nichols  Henry  M.,  Stillwater,  Min. 

Olmstead  Franklin,  Bridport,  Vt. 

Orvis  Williim  B.,  Charlestown  ,  0. 

tOverheiser  George  C,  West  Bloomfield,  N.  Y 

Parker  L.,  Cooper,  0. 

Parliu  Jonathan  B.,  Colesburgh,  lo. 

iPartridire  George  C,  Rockford,  III. 

Patten  William  W.,  Hinsdale,  N.  II. 

Payne  R.,  Burlington,  K.  T. 

tPetk  Whitm.an,  Greenwich,  Ct. 

Perkins  Sidney  K.  B.,  White  River,  Vt. 

Pfleill'ers  A.  B.,  New  Fairfield,  Ct. 

Phillips  Andrew,  Waddiiigtou,  N.  Y. 

Pierce  John  T  ,  Geneseo,  111. 

Pine  Nathaniel,  Albany,   III. 

Place  Olney,  Copenhagen,  N.  Y. 

Pollard  George  A.,  Dixmont,  INIe. 

tPowell  A.  V.  H.,  Canaan  Four  Corners,  N.  Y. 

Powell  John,  Brynberian,  0. 

Potter  J.  D.,  Central  ViUa-e.  Ct. 

Pratt  Horace,  Colebrook,  N.  H. 

Prescutt  Asa,  Annawau,  111. 

I'ugh  Thomas,  Ironton,  0. 

Puisifer  Daniel,  Enfield,  N.  H. 

Ransom  Calvin  N.,  Poultney,  Vt. 

Rattray  Thomas,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Raw.son  Thomas  R.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Raymond  Ebenezer,  Barrington,  111. 

Reed  Herbert  A.,  Marshall,  Mich. 

Richards  Cyrus  S.,  Merideii,  N.  H. 

Riehle  Charles,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Robinson  Joseph  B.,  Markham,  C.  W. 

Rogers  John  A.  R.,  Ro.^eville,  III. 

Root  David,  Irasburg,  Vt. 

Roi!siter  George  A.,  Buffalo,  Va. 

Rouse  Lucius  C,  Nelson,  0. 


158 


Index  of  Clergymen. 


[Jan. 


Russell  Carey,  Littleton,  N.  H. 
Kussell  Richard,  Wyoming  Valley,  Wis. 
Sands  William  D.,  Waverly,  111. 
Searight  Thomas,  Norwood,  C.  W. 
Seelye  Samuel  T.,  Walcottville,  Ct. 
Shipherd  Fayette,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 
Short  I£.  N.,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 
Silcoe  J.,  Southwold,  C.  W. 
Sill  George  C,  Elk  Grove,  III. 
Skinner  Alfred  L.,  Bucksport,  Me. 
Sky  Thomas,  Colpoy's  Bay,  0.  W. 
Smith  Charles  S.,  Washington,  Ct. 
Smith  ir.  M.,  Kankakee,  111 
Smith  Giles  M.,  Texas  A'alley,  N.  Y. 
Smith  John,  Long  Kidge,  Ct. 
Smith  Lucius,  Fairlield,  0. 
Smith  M.,  Brookville,  Me 
Smith  N.,  Moodville,  N.  Y. 
Spalding  Henry  H.,  Eugene  City,  Or. 
Spaulding  William  S.,  Mespotamia,  0. 
Spelman  James  II.,  Delhi,  lo. 
Steele  James,  Ontario,  111. 
Sterry  T.  C,  Bozrahville,  Ct. 
Stim.son  E.  W.,  Chesterfield,  Ms. 
Strickland  Micah  W.,  Black  Creek,  N.  Y. 
Sullivan  Lot  B..  Wareham,  Ms. 
Sumner  Nathaniel,  Davenport,  N.  Y. 
Tafft  J.  B.,  Smyrna,  N.  Y. 
Tarlton  Joseph,  Boston,  Ms. 
Tenny  Samuel  G.,  Springfield,  Vt. 
Thayer  David  H.,  Mt.  Carmel,  Ct. 
Thayer  Joseph,  Blackstone,  Ms. 
Thomp.son  Elias  C,  Strongsville,  0. 
Thompson  George,  Oberlin,  0. 


Thompson  Oren  C,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Todd  William,  Grand  Detour,  Mich. 

Turner  David,  New  Vineyard,'Me. 

Turner  Sidney,  Bingham,  Me. 

Tuthill  Edward  B.,  Burlington,  Me. 

Tuthill  George  M.,  St.  Clair,  Mich. 

Van  Vliet  A.,  Dubuque,  lo. 

Wadsworth  Thomas  A.,  Maao  Manie,  Wis. 

Waldo  Milton,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Walker  Benjamin,  Mecca,  0. 

Walker  John,  Londonderry,  N.  H. 

Wallace  W.  W.,  New  York. 

Waller  Thomas,  Fontanelle,  Neb.  T. 

Ward  R.  S.,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

Warner  Joseph,  Milton,  Vt. 

Watkins  Ralden  A.,  Junction,  Du  Page  Co.,  III. 

Weniworth  Selden,  Pembroke,  Me. 

Wetmore  A.  A.,  Rootstown,  0. 

Wheeler  John,  Albion,  C.  W. 

Whipple  John  N.,  Brunswick,  0. 

White  Joseph  B.,  Wardsboro',  Vt. 

Whitney  Russell,  Bristol,  111. 

Whittlesey  Elisha,  Kent,  Ct. 

Wickson  Arthur,  Toronto,  C.  W. 

Wightman  Allen  0.,  Jordanville,  N.  T. 

Willard  Livingston,  North  Stamford,  Ct. 

Williams  Francis  F  ,  Gilead,  Ct. 

AVinchell  Rensellaer,  Warren,  lo. 

Wiston  Lsaac,  Lancaster,  N.  H. 

M'olcott  Seth  P.,  Kingston,  W.  I. 

Woodbury  James  J  ,  North  Ashburnham,  Ms. 

Woodruff  Horace,  Huntington,  L.  I. 

Yeomans  N.  T.,  Millville,  N.  Y. 

Zender  J.  D.  L.,  New  York. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Total  Number  in  last  Year-Book, 2,789 

First  list  :— 

Number  now  erased,     . 

"      transferred  to  second  list. 
New  names  inserted,     . 
Total  in  first  list, 
•'      second  list. 
Total  number  in  present  issue, 

Post-office  addresses  changed  from  las 

(A  very  large  proportion  of  which  were  ministers  without  pastoral  charge.) 


196 

272—468 

315- 

- 

. 

2,636 

. 

272— 



2,908 

t  year, 

417 

I860.] 


General  Associations,  &c. 


159 


©fficcrs  of  tfje  General  ^Igsociations,  ^c,  anti  Sessions  for  tSCO. 


Maine,  General  Conference  of.  Rev.  John  W. 
Chickering,  D.D.,  Portland,  Moderator ;  Rev.  Elipba- 
let  Whittlesey,  Bath,  Corresponding  [and  Statistical] 
Secretary  ;  Dea.  E.  F.  Duren,  Bangor,  Recording  Sec- 
retary ;  Dea.  James  Allen,  Bangor,  Treasurer.  Next 
meeting,  Bangor,  Tuesday,  June  26,  at  9  o'clock,  A  M. 

New  Hampshire,  General  Association  of.  Rev. 
John  K.  Young,  D.  D.,  Laconia,  Secretary  ;  Rev.  Asa 
P.  Tenney,  West  Concord,  Treasurer ;  Rev.  Josiah  G. 
Davis,  Amherst,  Statistical  Secretary.  Nest  meeting, 
Claremont,  Tuesday,  kng.  28,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M. 

Vermont,  General  Convention  op.  Rev.  Charles 
C.  Parker,  AVaterbury,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Rev. 
Aldace  Walker,  West  Rutland,  Register.  Next  meet- 
ing, Montpelier,  (?  Tuesday,  June  19,  at  ?  o'clock.) 

Massachosetts,  General  Association  of.  Rev. 
Alonzo  H.  Quint,  Jamaica  Plain,  Secretary  and  Trea- 
surer, and  Statistical  Secretary.  Next  meeting,  Hol- 
liston,  Tuesday,  June  26,  at  4  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Rhode  Island  Evangelical  Consociation.  Rev. 
Leonard  Swain,  D.D.,  Providence,  Secretary  and  Sta- 
tistical Secretary.  Next  meeting,  Slatersville,  Tues- 
day, June  12,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M. 

Connecticut,  General  Association  of.  Rev.  My- 
ron N.  Morris,  West  Hartford,  Register  ;  Rev.  Wil- 
liam H.  Moore,  Newtown,  Statistical  Secretary,  and 
Treasurer.  Next  session,  Rockville,  Tuesday,  June 
19,  at  11  o'clock,  A.  M. 

New  York,  General  Association  of.  Rev.  H.  N. 
Dunning,  Gloversville,  Register  and  Treasurer ;  Rev. 
Jeremiah  Butler,  Bergen,  Statistical  and  Publish- 
ing Secretary  ;  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  Rochester, 
Corresponding  Secretary.  Next  session,  Plymouth 
Church,  Syracuse,  Tuesday,  Sept.  18,  at  10  o'clock, 
A.M. 

Ohio,  General  Conference  of.  Rev.  Henry 
Cowles,  Oberlin,  Register ;  Rev.  James  C.  White, 
Cleveland,  Statistical  Secretary.  Next  session,  (?rri- 
day,  June  8,  at  ?  o'clock.) 

Indiana,  General  Association  op  the  Congre- 
g.wional  Churches  and  Ministers  of.  Rev.  N.  A. 
Hyde,  Indianapolis,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Next 
session,  Terre  Haute,  Thursday,  May  17,  at  7  o'clock, 
P.M. 

Illinois,  General  Association  of.  Rev.  Flavel 
Bascom,  Dover,  Register  ;  Rev.  Martin  K.  Whittlesey, 
Ottawa,  Corresponding  Secretary  and  Treasurer  ;  Rev. 
S.  Hopkins  Emery,  Quincy,  Statistical  Secretary, 
Next  session,  Aurora,  Thursday,  May  24,  at  7>a 
o'clock,  P.  M. 

MiCHiOAN,  General  Association  of.  Rev.  L. 
Smith  Hobart,  Hudson,  Secretary,  [Statistical  Secre- 
tary,] and  Treasurer.  Next  8es.«ion,  Union  City, 
Branch  County,  Thursday,  May  17,  at  7  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Wisconsin,  Presbyterian  and  Congregational 
Convention  of.  Rev.  John  C.  Sherwin,  La  Crosse, 
Moderator ;  Rev.  Martin  P.  Kinney,  Janesville,  Sta- 
ted Clerk,  and  Treasurer;  Rev.  Enos  J.  Montague, 
Permanent  and  Statistical  Clerk.  Next  session,  Ma- 
dison, Thursday,  October  4,  at  7  o'clock,  P.  M. 


Iowa,  General  Association  op.  Rev.  William 
Salter,  Burlington,  Register.  Next  session,  Keokuk, 
Wednesday,  June  6,  at  1%  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Minnesota,  General  Conference  op.  Rev.  Charles 
Seccombe,  (?)  St.  Anthony,  Corresponding  and  Sta. 
tistical  Secretary.  Next  session, at  St.  Paul,  (?  Thurs- 
day, Oct.  11,)  at  7  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Nebraska,  General  Association  op.  Rev.  E.  B. 
Hurlbut,  (?)  Fontanelle,  Steted  [and  Statistical]  Clerk. 
Next  session,  at (?  Friday,  May  4). 

Kansas,  General  Association  of.  Rev.  Lewis 
Bodwell,  Topeka,  Moderator  ;  Rev.  Richard  Cordley, 
Lawrence,  Stated  Clerk  ;  Bro.  John  Ritcbey,  Topeka, 
Treasurer.  Next  session,  Burlingame,  Thursday, 
May  17,  at  7  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Oregon,  Congregational  Association  op.  Rev. 
Elkanah  Walker,  Fore.^t  Grove,  Moderator ;  Rev. 
Obed  Dickinson,  Salem,  Clerk.  Next  ses.sion,  Alba- 
ny, Linn  Co.,  Thursday,  Sept.  6,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M. 

Caufornia,  General  Association  op.  Rev.  James 
H.  Warren,  Nevada,  Register  and  Treasurer.  Next 
session,  San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  October  ,  at  9 
o'clock,  A.  M. 

Canada,  Congregational  Union  of.  Rev.  Henry 
Wilkes,  D.D.,  Montreal,  C.  E.,  Chairman  ;  i  ev.  Ed- 
ward Ebbs,  Pari.s,  C.  W.,  Secretary  -  Treasurer. 
Next  session,  Montreal,  C.  E.,  Wednesday,  June  13, 
at  4  o'clock,  P.  M. 

Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  Congrega- 
tional Un  ons  op,  (united.)  Rev.  Robert  Wilson, 
Sheffield,  N.  B.,  Secretary  ;  Mr.  T.  B.  C.  Burpee, 
Sheffield,  N.  B.,  Treasurer.  Sessions  are  held  alter- 
nately in  N.  S.  and  N.  B.  Next  Session,  Keswick 
Ridge,  N.  B,  the  '' first  week  in  September."  (Fri- 
day, Sept.  7  ?)  at  ?  o'clock. 


Chronological  Order  op  the  Sessions  of  the 
VARIOUS  General  Associations. 

Nebraska  ;  ?  Friday,  May  4  ? 

Indiana  ;  Terre  Haute,  Thursday,  May  17. 
Michigan  ;  Union  City,  Br'h  Co.,  Thursday,  May  17. 
Kansas  ;  Burlingame,  Thursday,  May  17. 
Illinois  ;  Aurora,  Thursday,  May  24. 
Iowa  ;  Keokuk,  AVednesday,  June  6. 

Ohio  ;  ?  Frid.ay,  June  8  ? 

Rhode  Island  ;  Slatersville,  Tuesday,  June  12. 
Canada  ;  Montreal,  Wednesday,  June  13. 
Vermont  ;  Montpelier,  Tuesday,  June  19  ? 
Connecticut  ;  Rockville,  Tuesday,  June  19. 
Maine  ;  Bangor,  Tuesday,  June  26. 
Massachusetts  ;  Holliston,  Tuesday,  June  26. 
New  Hampshire  ;  Tuesday,  August  28. 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  ;  Keswick  Ridge, 

N.  B.,  "  first  week  in  September." 
Oregon  ;  Albany,  Linn  Co.,  Thursday,  Sept.  6. 
New  Y'ork  ;  Syracuse,  Tuesday,  Sept.  18. 
California  ;  San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  Oct.  3. 
Wisconsin  ;  Madison,  Thursday,  Oct.  4. 
Minnesota  ;  St.  Paul,  Thursday,  Oct.  11  ? 


160  American  Congregational  Union.  [Jan. 


AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION. 

We  appear  on  this  page,  to  make  our  brief  utterances,  rather  than  in  our  usual  place, 
as  a  matter  of  convenience  and  not  of  choice.  The  eyes  of  our  readers  "will  not  be  di- 
verted from  our  words  for  this  reason. 

The  Trustees  have  held  their  regular  monthly  meetings,  since  our  last  statement,  not  so 
much  to  DO,  as  not  to  do;  and  this,  not  because  they  had  not  an  abundance  of  much 
needed  and  very  urgent  work  to  be  done,  but  simply  and  alone,  because  they  had  not 
■wherewithal  to  do  it.  Our  receipts  have  been  unexpectedly  small  during  the  summer, 
and  especially  during  the  autumn  months.  Relying  on  a  fuller  Treasury,  we  appropri- 
ated in  June  more  than  three  thousand  dollars,  and  these  only  to  such  cases  as  were 
very  needy,  fully  recommended,  and  were  either  waiting  our  action  to  commence,  or 
delaying  for  our  action  to  complete  what  had  already  been  well  begun.  These  appro- 
priations drew  largely  upon  future  receipts  which  it  was  supposed  would  certainly  be 
realized  before  tliis  time.  Thus  far  they  have  not  come  to  hand,  but  we  still  look  for 
them,  as  these  dependent  churches  look  to  us  for  the  fulfillment  of  our  pledges  to  them 
when  they  shall  have  complied  with  our  usual  conditions.  The  Trustees  will  see  that 
these  are  not  disappointed,  however  much  they  may  be  compelled  to  draw  upon  their  own 
resources.  But  the  numerous  applicants  to  whom  nothing  has  been  appropriated  must 
wait  until  other  responses,  and  different,  are  received  from  those  to  whom  Ave  have  made 
and  herewith  repeat  our  appeal.  We  rejoice  in  the  good  Avork  our  brethren  in  other 
branches  of  the  Chri;5tian  Church  are  doing  for  their  respective  bodies.  They  took  the 
hint  from  our  most  noble  and  successful  effort  in  raising  and  disbursing  Avhat  is  called 
the  Fifty  Thousand  Dollar  Fund,  some  five  years  since ;  and  they  are  pursuing  and 
reaping  the  fruits  of  the  good  Avork  we  so  well  begun.  All  the  leading  evangelical 
denominations  are  meeting  the  wants  of  their  feeble  churches  in  erecting  their  houses  of 
Avorship.  One  is  investing  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  loans,  to  be  repaid  in  due 
time.  Another  is  investing  tAventy-five  thousand  dollars  a  year  in  church  erection  alone, 
giving  from  one  hundred  to  three  thousand  dollars  to  a  Church.  Another  is  now  system- 
atizing  this  charity  AA'hich  has  been  its  favorite  for  many  years.  Another  is  accumu- 
lating a  large  fund,  the  interest  of  Avhich  is  to  be  appropriated,  besides  annual  gifts  ;  large 
amounts  being  pledged  as  a  basis  for  such  a  fund.  Such  efforts  are  productive  of  much 
good,  and  such  examples  are  worthy  of  all  emulation.  Our  feeble  churches  are  just  as 
dependent  as  these,  and  would  be  as  much  blessed  by  timely  aid.  The  testimony  of  the 
Avriter  on  "Congregationalism  in  Minnesota,"  may  be  received  Avith  the  utmost  confi- 
dence as  the  united  voice  of  all  our  missionaries  in  the  NortliAvest,  upon  the  importance 
of  aid  in  erecting  hoxises  of  Avorship. 

Since  our  last  annual  meeting  we  have  paid  last  bills  on  fifteen  houses  of  Avorship  and 
stand  pledged  to  as  many  more.  Our  receipts  for  November  Avere  less  than  sixty  dol- 
lars. Is  that  amount  a  monthly  measure  of  the  interest  our  brotherhood  feel  in  our 
great  work?  We  trust  not.  December  has  brought  us  nearly  eleven  hundred  dollars. 
We  need  twice  that  amount  CA^ery  month. 


The  Editors  have  spared  neither  labor  nor  money  to  make  this  number  all  that  their 
facilities  would  alloAV.  They  can  be  remunerated  only  by  a  A'cry  large  increase  of  their 
subscription  list.  Will  not  every  pastor  send  us  one  or  more  subscribers  from  his  oAvn 
Church,  and  cA'cry  reader  ask  his  neighbor  to  take  the  current  vohmie  ?  We  haA'c  made 
such  aiTangements  that  we  are  sure  our  future  issues  Avill  meet  every  reasonable  demand. 


ERRATA.— In  the  note  on  p.  14,  7th  line  from  the  end,  for  six  months,  rcaJ  two  months.— ji.  36,  2d  col., 
17th  1.  from  bottom,  for  some,  read  none. — p.  41,  1st  col.,  8th  I.  from  top,  alter  Com^res^ntianatisvi,  add  with. 
Presbyterianism  ;  also,  3d  1.  from  bottom,  cancel  the  comma  after  co-operation,  and  for  shall,  read  will. — p.  42, 
2d  col.,  2d  1.  from  top,  for  morals,  read  rtvivals.—'^.  140  is  misprinted  p.  131. 


|ii.$itraiia  Cumpng. 


Office,  corner  of  State  and  Congress  Sts.,  BOSTON, 

In  the   Companf/'s  Building, 

INSURES  LIVES,  on  the  MUTUAL  PRINCIPLE.  Net 
accumulation,  exceeding 

and  increasing,  for  the  benefit  of  Members,  present  and  fu- 
ture. The  whole  safely  and  advantageously  invested.  The 
business  conducted  exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  the  persons 
insured.  The  greatest  risk  taken  on  a  life,  $15,000.  Sur- 
plus distributed  among  the  members  every  fifth  year,  from 
Dec.  1,  1843  ;  settled  by  cash,  or  by  addition  to  policy. 
The  distribution  of  Dec'r,  1858,  amounted  to  thirty-six  per 
cent,  of  the  premium  paid  in  the  last  five  years.  Premiums 
may  be  paid  quarterly  or  semi-annually,  when  desired,  and 
amounts  not  too  small. 

Forms  of  Application,  and  Pamphlets  of  the  Company, 
and  its  Reports,  to  be  had  of  its  Agents,  or  at  the  Of&ce  of 
the  Company,  or  forwarded  by  mail,  if  written  for. 

WILLARD  PHILLIPS,  President, 
MARSHALL  P.  WILDER, 
CHARLES  P.  CURTIS, 
THOMAS  A.  DEXTER, 
A.  W.  THAXTER,  JR., 
GEORGE  H.  FOLGER, 
WILLIAM  B.  REYNOLDS, 
CHARLES  HUBBARD, 
SEWELL  TAPPAN, 
FRANCIS  C.  LOWELL, 
JAMES  STURGIS. 

JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D.,  Consulting  Physician. 

BENJAMIN  F.  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


mtmi 


"GET    THE    BEST!" 


Messrs.  LADD,  "WEBSTER  &  Co. 

Would  invite  the   attention   of  Clergymen  and  others  to  their   unrivalled 

Tight- IStitch  Sewing  Jffachines^ 

Designed  for  Family  use.  4mong  the  numerous  Testimonials  received, 
they  have  selected  two  or  three,  to  which  they  respectfully  invite  the  at- 
tention of  those  who  may  desire  to  purchase  a  really  reliable  article. 


Oj  l^eouituiii/  tocti  6  bit  civ, 
O/Lft-e  Oft  b-olfv  i-toei-,  cuvo 

elteo. 


tj^i 


Q/Yo    O  001/6    aVe    ie- 
i/Veo  Lrv  Lt6  olveio/tiotv, 


Cy  fc  1,4  oaViab-te  of-  kei- 
|-oV»ni/H/a  tn-e  tveauLe^  a6 
lu-et/L  a5  tlvft  uafueit  po/- 

Q/Yoi/VeLeW  cwio  ia|n.o 
in.  oVi.tXak'con,. 

d)  b  t/6  6-0  Mm.|vle  cuva 
itiorta,  ttvo/b  oeicuiae- 
tweab  op  it6  [vO/tbs  l6  ojC- 
nxo^  cut  uYi\u>iw!yvu,tw. 


Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Isaac  P.  La7i(/worthy,  Sec'y  American  Congregational 
Union,  to  a  brother  Clergyman. 

Chelsea,  Ms.,  Aug.  13,  1859. 

I  wish  every  minister's  wife  had  one.     Her  friends  can  do  nothing  for 

her  to  the  same  amount  that  will  so  much  help  and  bless  her  and  her  famil)-,  as  to 
give  her  one.  The  gentlemanly  and  Christi'in  proprietors  make  liberal  discounts  to 
Clergymen,  and  are  worthy  the  patroiiHge  they  seek,  not  for  this  reason  so  much  as 
because  they  offer  for  sale  the  best  of  those  instruments,  which  have  become  an 
institution  for  woman. 

Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  E.  A.  Cummings,  Secy  of  Female  College,  Worcester. 

Female  College,  Worcester,  Dec.  1858. 
Allow  me  to  say,  after  having  well  proved  your  Family  Sewing  Ma- 
chine, that  we  are  perfectly  salisfed  with  our  choice,  and  recommend  it  with  a  great 
degree  of  confidence. 

LABD,  WEBSTER  &  CO.,  17  Snmmer  Street,  Boston, 


500  Broadway,  New  York, 

820  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 


131  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore, 
80  West  4th  Street,  Cincinnati. 


Vol.  II.  No.  2.  (One  Dollar  a  Year  in  Advance.)  ^jj^^Jg  ]y^^  g^ 


THE 


Congnga&nal  ^uartelj. 


.a.:b*jrxil,^   iseo- 


CONDUCTED,    UXDER    THE    SANCTION    OF    THB 

ffl;0ngr  egattona  I    ilibrarg    agsaciation, 

VXD    THE 

American    Congregational    2Enton, 

BY 

Revs.  J.  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,   H.  M.  DEXTER,   A.  H.  QUINT. 
AND  I.  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


BOSTON: 

CONGREGATIONAL   BUILDING,    CHAUNCY   STREET. 

NEW    Y  O  R  K  : 

ROOMS  OF  AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION, 

348    BROADWAY. 


CONTENTS. 


PAOB. 


Caleb  Strong.     By  Rev.  Edward  S.  Dwight,   Amherst,  Ms 161 

Rki.igious  Dknominations   in    Nkw  England,   Now   and  a  Hun- 

DRKD  Ykars  ago.     Rev.  Joseph  S.  Clark,  D.D 173 

Congrkgational  Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  County, 

Ct.     Rev.  Robert  C.  Learned,  Berlin,  Ct :  Continued 1 78 

Congregational  Theological  Seminaries  for  1860.     Compiled  by 

Rev.  Henry  M.  Dexter 186 

Congregationalism  in  Michigan  ;  its  Introduction,  Establish- 
ment AND  Progress.     Rev.  John  D.  Pierce,  Ypsilanti,  Mich 190 

A  Lesson  from  the  Past  ;    How   the    Puritans  Trained  their 

Children.     Rev.  Joseph  S.  Clark,  D.D 198 

The  Ohigin  of  Ministerial  Associations  in  New  England.     Rev. 

Alonzo  H.  Quint 203 

Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 212 

Preaching  by  Steam 215 

Ecclesiastical  Statistics.     Compiled  by  Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint 220 

Methods   of    Missionary    Labor    at  the  West.     Rev.   Daniel  P. 

Noves,  New  York 223 

Editors'  Table 225 

Books  of  Interest  to  Congregationalists  : 

PunchanVs  Vieio  of  Conyregational'iHrn 231 

Crosby's   Obituary  Notices  for  1858 231 

Wilson's  Presbyterian  Historical  Almanac 231 

Dr.  Emmons'  Works,   Vol.  III. 231 

American   ChrMan  Record 232 

Hitchcock's  Religion  of_  Geology 232 

Baird's  First  Adam  and  the  Second 232 

Hopkins'  Puritans 234 

Bateman's  Life  of  Daniel  Wilson,  D.D 234 

TurnbuWs  Christ  in  History 235 

Spiritualism  Tested 235 

Rawlinson's  Evidences 235 

Primitive  Piety  Revived , 235 

Congregational  Necrology 23G 

Congregational  Quarterly  Record 24  2 

Congregational  Library  Association 244 

American  Congregational  Union 244 


press  of  E.  L.  BALCU,  84  SCUOOL  ST. 


(SiiaiiiB  g^^m 


.•//^■'  -      //y^'^^y/'y^.tP^yy^  Gly'///yayi^^Zf'^/y-/J-^^^ 


THE 


(l{0njgr£|Ht!0itH!   ^iiarti^rlii, 


Whole  No.  VI.— APRIL,  I860.— Vol.  IL  No.  II. 


CALEB    STRONG. 


BY    HBX.    EDWARD    S.    DWIGHT,    AMHERST,    MS. 


The  eminent  men  of  New  England 
have,  for  the  most  part,  won  their  eleva- 
tion in  life  by  their  own  worth.  Very 
few  ot  them  have  been  born  to  the  inher- 
itance of  wealth,  and  of  the  advantages  of 
thorough  personal  culture  and  extensive 
influence  which  wealth  secures.  And 
fewer  still  are  those,  who  have  been 
aided,  in  the  attainment  of  conspicuous 
social  position,  by  the  prestige  of  a  family 
name  already  high  in  the  public  estima- 
tion. Springing,  originally,  from  the 
common  level  of  New  England  life,  they 
have  risen  above  that  level  to  the  high 
places  of  honor,  not  so  much  through  the 
help  of  favoring  circumstances,  as  by  their 
own  internal  force ;  self-made  men,  in  the 
best  sense.  If  able,  as  many  of  them  have 
been,  to  "  deduce  their  birth  "  from  a  suc- 
cession of  pious  ancestors,  however  un- 
known to  fame,  this  has  been  their  only 
and  sufficient  patent  of  nobility. 

In  the  October  number  of  this  Quar- 
terly, for  1859,  was  published  a  sketch,  by 
a  most  competent  hand,  of  a  citizen  of 
New  England,  deserving  of  honorable 
remembrance,  alike  for  his  private  vir- 
tues and  his  public  services — the  late 
Lieut.  Gov.  WiUiam  Phillips.  Near  him 
VOL.  II.  22 


we  now  hang,  in  our  Gallery  of  the  wor- 
thies of  our  denomination,  the  portrait  of 
one  of  his  contemporaries,  for  several 
years  associated  with  him,  as  his  superior 
in  office,  in  the  administration  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  this  Commonwealth.  la  some 
important  elements  of  character  they 
were  strikingly  alike,  and  admirably  fit- 
ted to  act  in  harmony  together. 

The  ancestors  of  Mr.  Strong  *  for  four 
generations,  and  during  almost  an  entire 
century,  had  lived  in  Northampton,  Ms., 
where,  also,  he  spent  the  greater  part  of 
his  life,  and  where  he  at  length  died. 
The  first  of  the  name  in  this  country, 
from  whom  the  great  majority  of  those 
who  bear  it  are  believed  to  be  descended, 
was  the  venerable  John  Strong,  an  emi- 
grant as  early  as  the  year  1G30  from 
Somersetshire,  in  England,  who,  after 
residing  a  few  years  in  Dorchester,  and 
subsequently  in  Windsor,  Ct., — where  he 
was  respected  as  one  of  the  leading  citi- 
zens of  the  town,  commissioned,  "  with 
four  others,  to  superintend  its  settlement," 

1  The  incidents  of  Gov.  Strong's  life  are  not  now 
made  public  for  the  first  time.  Much  of  what  is  here 
mentioned  may  be  found  in  a  biographical  notice,  pre- 
pared by  an  eminent  jurist  of  Mass.  for  the  Ameri- 
can Quarterly  Register  of  1839. 


162 


Calch  Strong. 


[April, 


— ultimately  removed  to  Northampton. 
There  he  spent  the  last  forty  years  of  his 
life,  and  served  the  church  as  its  first 
lluling  Elder ;  a  sufficient  proof  of  the 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held.  There  he 
rested  from  his  labors  in  1699,  a  patriarch 
of  ninety  years  of  age,  the  father  of  a 
large  family  of  sixteen  children,  most  of 
whom  lived  to  bring  up  families  of  their 
own.  Of  Ebenezer,  his  fifth  son,  (the 
Christian  names  of  nearly  all  of  them  were 
Hebrew,)  who  died  in  1729,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-six  ;  and  of  Jonathan,  the  latter's 
third  son,  who  died  in  1776,  aged  eighty- 
four,  the  father  of  seventeen  children ; 
little  now  remains  to  be  told.  ^  The 
second  son  of  Jonathan  Strong  was  named 
Caleb,  for  a  reason  that  impressively  sug- 
gests the  contrast  between  our  present 
security  and  the  perils  of  those  early  days. 
The  name,  it  is  said,  was  given  "  in  com- 
pliment to  a  neighbor,  who,  by  great 
adroitness  and  presence  of  mind,  pre- 
served the  life  of  one  of  the  family,  when 
in  danger  of  destruction  by  the  Indians." 
The  son  of  Caleb,  who  received  his  father's 
name,  and  who  is  the  subject  of  this  no- 
tice, was  born  at  Northampton,  Jan.  9, 
1745. 

A  favored  spot  was  Northampton  at 
that  day, — or  should  have  been, — per- 
haps beyond  any  other  in  New  England ; 
for    its    minister    was    Jonathan    Ei>- 

1  The  following  incident  in  the  life  of  Jonathan 
Strong  is  related  ou  the  sufficient  authority  of  Sylves- 
ter Judd,  Esq.,  of  Northampton. 

"  He  had  paid  some  attention  to  Mary  (daughter  of 
Capt.  John)  Sheldon,  of  Deerfield ;  and  there  was 
love,  but  no  engagement  between  them.  On  the 
fatal  29th  of  February,  1704,  she  was  taken  prisoner 
by  the  French  and  Indians,  and  carried  to  Canada, 
where  she  remained  two  or  three  years.  It  is  stated 
that  the  first  question  she  asked  of  tliose  who  came 
to  redeem  her  was,  whether  Jonathan  Strong  was 
married.  He  was  married — her  return  being  con- 
sidered very  uncertain.  After  her  return,  she  also 
married.  But,  in  1761,  her  husband  and  Mr.  Strong's 
wife  both  died ;  and  these  aged  pertous— he  in  his 
80th  year,  and  she  in  her  76tli — renewed  their  at- 
tachment, after  a  lapse  of  fifty-eight  years,  and  were 
married  in  17G2.  Twenty-five  ye.irs  ago,  people  were 
living  in  Northampton  who  hid  seen  the  venerable 
couple  ride  through  the  street,  she  on  a  pillion  behind 
her  husband."' 


"WARDS.  For  nearly  twenty  years,  at 
the  date  just  mentioned,  had  the  great 
minister  and  preacher  "  made  full  proof 
of  his  ministry "  among  its  inhabitants, 
putting  upon  them  the  mark  of  his  pow- 
erful intellect  and  rare  devotedness  of 
spirit ;  and  among  them — had  they  been 
wise  enough  to  understand  "  their  own 
mercies,"  and  had  not  Divine  Providence 
ordered  differently  for  the  sake  of  other 
and  higher  ends, — he  ought,  in  all  right 
and  reason,  to  have  ended  his  work  only 
with  his  life,  the  object  of  universal  love 
and  honor.  The  stir  of  the  Great  Awaken- 
ing of  1 740  had  but  recently  subsided, 
but  there  were  already  to  be  discerned 
signs  of  the  prevalence  of  a  spirit  very 
unlike  that  of  the  revival.  The  differ- 
ence had  already  sprung  up,  which  was 
to  issue  in  Mr.  Edwards'  separation  from 
his  people.  His  anxiety  to  preserve  the 
purity  and  good  name  of  the  Church  un- 
sullied, by  the  proper  maintenance  of  its 
discipline,  had  been  responded  to,  on  the 
part  of  many  of  its  members,  with  cold- 
ness and  dissatisfaction.  The  contro- 
versy upon  the  Half-way  Covenant — a 
practice  which  his  grand-father  and  pre- 
decessor, Mr.  Stoddard,  had  advocated 
and  introduced,  and  at  his  death  had  left 
behind  him  as  a  legacy  of  mischief  to  his 
successor — was  just  ready  to  break  out, 
to  be  ended  only  by  that  successor's  dis- 
missal. In  this  unhappy  quarrel,  the 
parents  of  Mr.  Strong  bore  no  part. 
"  Distinguished  " — as  "  both  of  them  "  are 
reported  to  have  been — "  for  original 
strength  of  mind,  and  sound  judgment," 
as  well  as  for  "  their  prudent,  pious  and 
exemplary  Christian  development,"  they 
were  not  of  the  number  of  those  who, 
after  long  years  of  acquaintance,  could 
remain  blind  to  the  singular  merits  of 
such  a  pastor,  or  could  aid  in  driving  him 
away. 

Mr.  Strong  was  their  only  son  ;  and 
desirous  that  the  parts,  of  which  he  gave 
early  promise,  should  receive  the  best  cul- 
tivation which  the  times  afforded,  they 
placed  him  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Sam- 


I860.] 


Caleb  Strong. 


163 


uel  Moody,  of  York,  ^le.,  the  preceptor 
afterwards,  for  many  years,  of  Dummer 
Academy, — an  instructor  famous  alike  for 
his  scholarship,  and  his  eccentricity. 
Bright,  quick-witted,  and  amiable  withal, 
the  youth  not  only  greatly  endeared  him- 
self to  his  teacher,  but  made  such  good 
use  of  his  advantages  for  study,  that  he 
■was  prepared  to  take  his  place  in  the 
front  rank  of  his  class  in  Harvard  College  ; 
and  at  his  graduation  in  1764,  at  the 
early  age  of  nineteen,  he  received  its 
highest  honors. 

Young  as  he  was,  it  was  his  purpose  to 
devote  himself  to  the  study  and  prac- 
tice of  the  law.  But  his  plans  were 
seriously  interfered  with,  at  this  period,  in 
consequence  of  an  attack  of  the  small-pox 
shortly  after  his  leaving  College,  the  un- 
skilful treatment  of  which  disorder  de- 
prived him,  for  several  years,  of  the  use 
of  his  eyes.  Under  this  very  serious 
embarrassment,  at  an  age  when  he  felt 
the  need  of  diligently  improving  his  time 
in  preparation  for  the  duties  of  manhood, 
he  was  spared  the  necessity  of  entirely 
relinc[uishing  his  studies  and  his  chosen 
profession,  by  the  sympathizing  assistance 
of  his  father  and  sisters,  who  patiently 
read  to  him  his — to  them  unintelligible — 
law  books  ;  while  he,  listening  in  his  tem- 
porary blindness,  and  perhaps  all  the  bet- 
ter on  that  account,  "  inwardly  digested  " 
what  he  heard.  Not  improbably  it  was 
in  the  end  no  real  disadvantage  to  him,  to 
have  been  obliged  to  feel  his  way  thus 
slowly  and  carefully  into  the  mysteries  of 
legal  science,  and  to  be  sure  that  each 
point  was  thoroughly  mastered  before  he 
advanced  to  another.  Owing  to  this 
cause,  however,  he  spent  a  much  longer 
time  in  his  course  of  preparation  for  his 
professional  life,  than  is  now  usual  with 
students  of  the  law.  It  was  not  till  1772, 
that  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  The 
somewhat  singular  fact  is  related,  that  the 
members  of  the  bar,  in  that  part  of  the 
Commonwealth,  were  disposed  to  give  no 
encouragement  to  new  applicants  for  ad- 
mission into  their  number  !     Whether  this 


was  for  the  sake  of  retaining  the  influence 
and  the  emoluments  of  the  profession  in 
their  own  hands,  does  not  appear.  But 
they  were  induced  to  waive  their  objec- 
tions in  Mr.  Strong's  case,  out  of  kindness 
to  one  who  was  struggling  so  bravely  with 
severe  trial,  and  whose  regular  and  per- 
severing attendance  on  the  Courts  had 
attracted  their  notice,  and  secured  their 
respect. 

Through  the  door  thus  thrown  open, 
it  depended  now  on  himself  to  enter,  and 
achieve  success  and  honor.  He  proved 
himself  equal  to  the  opportunity.  He 
brought  to  the  transaction  of  his  profes- 
sional business  the  same  unwearied  as- 
siduity which  had  marked  his  probation- 
ary course  as  a  student.  His  perfect 
affability  of  address  made  him  widely 
popular  in  private  life,  while  his  clear, 
calm  judgment,  his  accurate  legal  know- 
ledge, and  the  conscientiousness  with 
which  he  attended  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients,  raised  him  more  and  more  in  the 
regard  and  confidence  of  the  public.  The 
state  of  the  times  favored  his  advance- 
ment. The  Colonies  were  on  the  eve  of 
their  decisive  conflict  with  the  mother 
country, — Massachusetts  yielding  to  no 
other  in  the  ardor  with  which  she  threw 
herself  into  the  van.  It  was  no  time  for 
neutrality.  No  class  of  the  community — 
least  of  all,  its  educated  young  men — could 
avoid  taking  sides  for  or  against  the  cause 
of  resistance  to  oppression.  Even  in  the 
quiet  Inland  towns,  away  from  the  imme- 
diate theater  of  hostilities,  it  was  neces- 
sary for  the  friends  of  the  Colonies  to 
know  on  whom  reliance  might  safely  be 
placed,  and  who  must  be  held  under  sur- 
veillance. There  was  never  any  doubt  in 
regard  to  Mr.  Strong's  position.  His 
political  leanings  were  sufficiently  indi- 
cated from  his  first  opening  manhood,  by 
his  selection  of  the  well-known  Major 
Joseph  Ilawley,  of  patriot  memorj-,  for 
his  legal  instructor.  With  that  distin- 
guished citizen  he  enjoyed  a  life-long  and 
very  intimate  friendship,  and  stood  side 
by  side  with  him  in  his  views  of  pub- 


164 


Caleb  Strong. 


[April, 


lie  policy,  and  his  sympathy  with  the 
struggliniT  Colonies.  As  an  evidence  of 
the  full  trust  reposed  in  him  by  his  towns- 
men, he  was  chosen,  not  long  after  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  the  law,  and 
soon  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  to  represent  them,  in  con- 
nection with  Maj.  Hawley,  in  the  first 
General  Court  of  the  now  revolted  pro- 
vince. He  did  not,  at  any  time,  perform 
military  service, — the  condition  of  his  eye- 
sight incapacitating  him  for  such  employ- 
ment,— but  during  the  whole  period  of 
the  war  he  held  a  place  upon  the  Commit- 
tee of  Safl'ty  of  his  native  town, — a  body 
charged  with  the  oversight  of  the  local 
interests  of  the  patriot  cause,  with  the 
important  task  of  raising  supplies  for  the 
subsistence  of  the  soldiers  in  the  field.^ 

As  these  various  duties  brought  him 
more  and  more  into  public  view,  Mr. 
Strong  rose  rapidly  in  the  esteem  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  and  by  one  office  after 
another,  conferred  upon  him  unsought, 
they  evinced  their  sense  of  the  value  of 
his  services.  In  addition  to  his  own  pri- 
vate legal  business,  which  rapidly  grew  to 

1  A  little  incident,  related  of  this  period,  will  serve 
to  illustrate  to  what  methods  of  gentle  constraint  it 
was  fometimes  necessary  to  resort,  to  obtain  help  for 
the  war  from  the  indifferent  or  the  unfriendly.  It 
was  on  one  occasion  desired  that  a  supply  of  blank- 
ets should  he  procured  for  the  army  ;  and  Mr.  Strong, 
and  two  other  members  of  the  Committee,  were  de- 
puted to  visit  a  widow  of  considerable  property,  who 
was  known  to  possess  some,  which  she  could  con- 
tribute without  inconvenience,  but  who  was  supposed 
to  look  coldly  upon  the  American  interest.  They 
accordingly  called,  one  afternoon,  and  upon  an- 
nouncing their  errand,  were  pointedly  told  that  "  she 
had  none  to  spare."  They  did  not  press  the  matter, 
but  quietly  kept  their  seats,  in  friendly  conversation. 
Some  time  pas.sed  by — the  day  was  wearing  away — 
their  hostess  grew  impatient  to  have  her  visitors  take 
their  departure  ;  but  as  there  seemed  no  sign  of  such 
a  purpose  on  their  part,  by  way  of  giving  them  a 
broad  hint,  she  hung  on  the  tea-kettle,  and  began  to 
prepare  for  supper.  Entirely  undisturbed,  they  e.x- 
pressed  their  giatification,  "as  tea  was  a  drink  of 
which  they  were  fund,  and  which  they  coulj  not 
often  prociu'e  ;"  and  ciuietly  invited  themselves  to  the 
approaching  meal.  The  good  woman,  who  could 
perhaps  have  faced  a  storm  of  hard  words,  could  not 
endure  their  steady  siege,  but  brought  out  the  blank- 
ets, exclaiming,  "  There,  take  them  ;  I  would  rather 
give  them  to  you,  than  have  you  stay  any  longer.'' 


be  both  large  and  lucrative,  he  was  ap- 
pointed, in  1776,  to  the  post  of  County 
Attorney,  which  he  held  for  a  period  of 
almost  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Three 
years  later,  when  but  thirty-four  years  of 
age,  he  was  sent  as  the  representative  of 
the  town  to  the  Convention,  which  was 
called  to  devise  a  Constitution  for  the 
new  Slate  of  Massachusetts.  Such  a  trust 
demanded  the  best  abilities  of  the  best 
minds  of  the  Commonwealth.  For  the 
thing  to  be  done  was,  to  build  the  very 
frame-work  of  the  Commonwealth ;  to 
organize  it  as  an  independent  sovereignty  ; 
to  distribute  and  define  the  powers  of 
government,  on  the  wise  adjustment  and 
faithful  administration  of  which  its  future 
welfare  would  depend.  Mr.  Strong  here 
found  himself,  consequently,  associated 
with  the  foremost  men,  whom  the  emer- 
gencies of  that  period  of  trial  had  brought 
into  public  life  in  Massachusetts.  It  was 
a  high  honor,  to  one  so  young,  to  be  num- 
bered with  them  in  the  discharge  of  a  duty 
of  such  importance.  In  that  Convention 
he  served  upon  the  Committee,  appointed 
to  prepare  the  plan  of  a  Constitution,  to 
be  submitted  to  the  people  for  their  ap- 
proval. The  work  of  that  Committee,  as 
far  as  its  essential  results  are  concerned, 
has  stood  the  test  of  time  from  that  day 
to  this. 

He  was  now  becoming  known  and 
appreciated  beyond  the  narrow  field  of 
action  in  which  his  life  had  been  hitherto 
spent ;  and  the  demands  upon  him  for  ser- 
vice, in  one  official  capacity  or  another, 
grew  more  and  more  frequent.  In  the 
following  year,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Council,  by  which  the  government  of  the 
Commonwealth  was  for  a  time  administer- 
ed, prior  to  its  regular  organization  under 
the  new  Constitution.  During  the  same 
year,  1780,  he  was  honored  with  an  ap- 
pointment as  delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress,  a  service  from  which  he  excused 
himself;  and  an  election  from  his  county 
to  the  Senate  of  the  State,  in  which  body 
he  retained  his  seat,  until,  several  years 
afterwards,  ho  exchanged  it  for  another 


I860.] 


Caleb  Strong. 


165 


of  a  higher  grade.  Two  years  later,  and 
ten  years  only  after  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of 
of  lilassachusetts ;  but  this  appointment 
also,  honorable  as  it  was,  he  was  con- 
strained to  decline,  the  limited  salary  at- 
tached to  it  not  sufficing  for  tlie  support 
of  his  now  increasing  family. 

The  conclusion  of  peace,  in  1783,  by 
the  recognition  on  the  part  of  Great  Brit- 
ain of  the  independence  of  the  Colonies, 
left  them  free,  indeed  ;  but  in  the  disturb- 
ed state  that  was  inevitable  in  their  cir- 
cumstances, their  resources  had  been  se- 
verely, though  very  unequally  taxed  to 
meet  the  expenses  of  the  long  and  exhaust- 
ing war.  Their  mutual  relations  were, 
as  yet,  unsettled — mutual  jealousies  were 
springing  up  and  threatening  the  public 
tran(piilllt3'.  Out  of  the  thirteen  now  in- 
dependent sovereignties,  each  watchful 
against  encroachment  on  its  rights,  it  yet 
remained  to  erect  one  harmonious  nation, 
by  the  adoption  of  some  scheme  of  general 
government,  that  should  at  once  maintain 
the  particular  liberties  of  each  State,  and 
make  provision  for  the  cooperation  and 
the  common  security  of  all.  For  these  ob- 
jects the  celebrated  Convention  of  1787 
was  summoned  to  meet  at  Philadelphia, 
to  frame  a  National  Constitution.  It  was 
a  marked  indication  of  the  trust  which  the 
citizens  of  his  native  State  were  learning 
to  repose  in  Mr.  Strong,  that  they  should 
have  commissioned  him,  in  association 
•with  Mr.  Nathaniel  Gorham,  Mr.  Rufus 
King,  and  Mr.  Elbrldge  Gerry,  to  repre- 
sent and  take  charge  of  the  rights  and  in- 
terests of  Massachusetts,  in  that  very  able 
and  distinguished  body.  In  consequence 
cf  illness  in  his  family,  he  was  hastily  sum- 
moned home  before  its  work  was  com- 
pleted, and  was  unable  to  resume  his  seat. 
His  name  does  not,  therefore,  appear 
among  those  of  the  signers  of  the  original 
drafl  of  the  Constitution.^  But  he  was 
present  at  most  of  the  sessions  of  the  Con- 

1  Neither  does  that  of  Gov.  Gerry,  who  refused  to 
siga  it. 

VOL.  II.  22* 


vention,  taking  the  modest  part  which  be- 
came him,  as  one  of  its  junior  members  in 
its  debates,  and  entering,  in  a  spirit  of  en- 
lightened and  liberal  patriotism,  into  those 
arrangements,  by  which  it  sought  to  har- 
monize the  interests  of  different  sections, 
and  to  secure  even  to  the  weakest  mem- 
ber of  the  confederacy,  its  rights  as  a 
sovereign  State. 

In  the  following  year,  it  devolved  upon 
him,  in  conjunction  with  his  late  col- 
leagues, (Mr.  Gerry  alone  excepted,)  to 
use  his  influence,  as  a  member  of  the  Con- 
vention of  Massachusetts,  upon  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Federal  Constitution,  to  recon- 
cile his  fellow-citizens  to  its  provisions. 
The  task  was  both  a  delicate  and  a  diffi- 
cult one.  In  the  opinion  of  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  members,  particularly  of  those 
from  the  country  towns,  its  grants  of  pow- 
er to  the  federal  government  were  so  lib- 
eral, as  to  put  the  sovereignty  of  the  State, 
and  the  personal  rights  of  the  citizens,  at 
hazard.  Under  this  impression,  many  of 
them  had  come  to  the  Convention  strongly 
predisposed — some  of  them  virtually  under 
instruction  from  their  constituents — to  re- 
sist the  union  of  the  States,  under  such  a 
Constitution.  IMr.  Strong  stood  forward 
as  Its  hearty  advocate.  He  combated  the 
idea  that  there  existed  a  purpose  on  the 
part  of  any  of  Its  framers  to  defraud  the 
several  States  of  their  liberties,  by  the  use 
of  ambiguous  language  in  the  proposed 
national  compact.  He  bore  his  personal 
attestation  to  their  integrity.  "  For  my 
part,"  said  he,  "  I  think  the  whole  of  It  is 
expressed  In  the  plain  common  language 
of  mankind.  If  any  parts  are  not  so  ex- 
plicit as  they  could  be.  It  cannot  be  attrib- 
uted to  any  design  ;  for  I  believe  a  great 
majority  of  the  men  who  formed  It  were 
sincere  and  honest  men."  Such  testimo- 
ny, from  one  whose  official  service  had 
qualified  him  to  judge  intelligently,  and 
whose  own  credit  for  "  sincerity  and  hon- 
esty," now  stood  so  high,  could  not  have 
been  without  its  effect.  And  that  such 
advocacy  on  his  part,  and  that  of  his  col- 
leagues, was  necessary  to  secure  the  ac- 


166 


Caleb  Strong. 


[April, 


ceptance  of  the  Constitution  by  the  Com- 
monwealtb,may  readily  be  belieA-ed,  when 
it  is  considered  that,  upon  the  final  ques- 
tion, there  was  a  majority  of  only  nine- 
teen in  the  affirmative,  in  a  vote  of  a 
house  of  three  hundred  and  fifty-five 
members ;  and  that  even  this  small  ma- 
jority was  obtained,  only  after  nine  dis- 
tinct amendments  had  been  agreed  upon 
to  be  proposed  to  Congress,  by  way  of 
concession  to  the  fears  of  the  more  cau- 
tious. 

The  Constitution,  as  originally  drafted, 
was  communicated  to  Congress  in  Sep- 
tember, 1787,  and  was  ratified  by  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  following  February ;  but 
the  requisite  number  of  States,  nine,  to 
ensure  its  adoption  as  the  basis  of  the 
Federal  Union,  had  not  given  in  their  ad- 
hesion to  it  until  June,  1788.  In  Septem- 
ber of  that  year.  Congress  took  the  initia- 
tory steps  necessary  for  the  establishment 
of  the  new  system  of  government,  appoint- 
ing the  4th  of  March  ensuing,  as  the  day 
on  which  it  should  go  into  operation.  In 
the  interval,  Washington  was  unanimously 
chosen  President,  and  the  various  States 
which  had  already  entered  the  Union, 
commissioned  their  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives. But  so  dilatory  was  the  new 
government  in  its  movement,  whether 
from  indifference  or  other  causes,  that  it 
was  not  until  the  1st  of  April,  1789,  that 
members  enough  of  the  lower  House,  and 
not  until  the  6th  of  April,  that  members 
enough  of  the  Senate  to  constitute  a  quo- 
rum were  assembled  at  New  York ;  and 
not  until  the  30th  of  April,  did  the  Presi- 
dent take  the  oath  of  office.  The  first 
Senators  chosen  to  represent  Massachu- 
setts upon  the  floor  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  were  Caleb  Strong  and  Tristram 
Dalton.  In  the  subsequent  division  of  the 
Senate  into  three  classes,  to  hold  office 
respectively  for  two,  four  and  six  years, 
Mr.  Dalton  drew  the  short  term,  and  Mr. 
Strong  the  middle  term  of  four  years.  In 
1791,  Mr.  George  Cabot  succeeded  Mr, 
Dalton.  In  1793,  when  Mr.  Strong's  term 
expired,  he  was  reelected  by  the  legisla- 


ture, for  the  full  constitutional  period  of 
six  years.  This  manifestation  of  the  satis- 
faction of  his  constituents  with  his  senato- 
rial course,  was  well  deserved.  As  one 
of  the  few  Senators,  who  had  been  mem- 
bers of  the  convention,  heartily  supporting 
the  Constitution  it  had  given  to  the  coun- 
try, and  familiar  with  the  provisions  of  that 
instrument ;  his  influence  was  early  felt 
at  the  Senate  board,  and  the  position  he 
occupied  was  among  the  foremost.  Upon 
the  first  Congress  rested  the  responsibility 
of  regulating  the  new  machinery  of  gov- 
ernment, and  applying  it  beneficially  to 
the  wants  of  the  nation.  Foreign  rela- 
tions required  to  be  adjusted — disputed 
boundary  lines  needed  to  be  ascertained 
— the  administration  of  justice  called  for 
speedy  and  careful  consideration.  It  was 
necessary  to  provide  for  the  settlement  of 
outstanding  claims  against  the  Union,  for 
the  extinction  of  its  debt,  for  the  raising 
of  its  revenues.  In  all  these  matters,  Mr. 
Strong  actively  participated.  His  advice 
and  aid  were  especially  sought,  in  ques- 
tions relating  to  the  organization,  or  the 
increased  efficiency  of  the  National  Judi- 
ciary, and  to  intercourse  with  foreign  na- 
tions. Rarely  was  a  committee  appointed 
upon  such  affairs,  in  which  he  was  not  in- 
cluded— usually  in  association  with  Oliver 
Ellsworth,  (afterwards  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,)  and  Rufus  King.  The 
annals  of  Congress  1:  ^ar  honorable  witness 
to  the  diligence  and  fidelity  with  which 
he  dischai'ged  his  duties,  so  long  as  he  re- 
mained a  member  of  that  body. 

But  it  had  been  at  no  slight  sacrifice  of 
his  personal  inclinations,  that  he  had  con- 
sented so  long  to  fill  a  public  station. 
Very  (lulet  in  his  tastes,  averse  to  parade, 
and  warm  in  his  domestic  attachments, 
nothing  but  the  summons  of  duty,  as  he 
regarded  it,  to  his  country,  had  induced 
him  to  reliufjuish  the  peaceful  pursuits  of 
private  life,  for  the  vexatious  cares  of  of- 
fice. The  high  trust  which  his  native 
State  had  committed  to  him,  he  did  not 
feel  at  liberty  to  lay  down,  until  all  had 
been  done  which  could  be  immediately  ac- 


I860.] 


Caleb  Strong. 


167 


complished  by  legislation,  to  secure  effi- 
ciency and  dignity  to  the  new  government, 
and  prosperity  to  the  nation.  But  as  soon 
as  these  ends  seemed  secure,  he  gladly 
availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  to  re- 
sign his  seat  in  the  Senate,  in  1796,  and 
to  withdraw  finally — as  he  doubtless  sup- 
posed— from  all  direct  connection  with 
public  aflfairs.  He  returned  to  Northamp- 
ton, and  resumed  his  professional  occupa- 
tions amid  the  familiar  scenes  and  associ- 
ations of  earlier  years. 

His  hope  of  spending  the  remainder  of 
his  days  in  retirement  was  destined,  how- 
ever, to  be  disappointed.  The  growing 
difficulties  of  the  times  turned  the  eyes  of 
the  citizens  of  I\Iassachusetts  again  toward 
one,  who  had  already  been  so  well  tried, 
and  always  found  so  faithful.  Tliat  per- 
fect unanimity  of  sentiment,  which  had 
called  Washington  to  the  Presidency,  had 
disappeared,  when,  upon  his  resignation, 
it  became  necessary  to  transfer  the  helm 
of  government  to  another.  A  bare  ma- 
jority only  placed  John  Adams  in  the 
Executive  chair ;  and  at  the  close  of  his 
term  of  office,  the  power  of  State  pa?<sed 
into  the  hands  of  his  rival  Mr.  Jefferson  ; 
a  transition  that  clearly  reflected  the 
change  which  had  come  over  the  public 
mind.  The  nation,  enjoying  the  immuni- 
ties and  comforts  of  peace,  after  its  own 
critical  struggle  for  liberty,  had  leisure  to 
look  across  the  ocean  upon  the  violent 
agitations  of  Europe.  It  was  impossible 
for  Americans  to  avoid  sympathizing  with 
one  or  the  other  of  the  principal  combat- 
ants. It  could  not  so  soon  be  forgotten 
that  in  the  recent  arduous  conflict,  Eng- 
land had  exerted  her  utmost  force  to  hold 
us  in  harsh  subjection,  while  France  had 
befriended  us  as  a  hearty  and  useful  ally. 
And  it  was  most  natural  that  a  nation, 
just  freed  from  its  own  fetters,  should 
watch  with  eager  interest  for  the  promised 
development  of  a  freedom,  like  that  which 
itself  had  won,  upon  the  soil  of  France, 
when  the  Revolution  in  that  country  first 
commenced  its  work.  But,  on  the  other 
hand,  hope  in  many  minds  gradually  gave 


way  to  great  anxiety,  as,  in  the  progress 
of  events,  the  moderation  of  its  earlier 
leaders  was  overpowered  by  the  increasing 
license  of  the  times,  and  all  justice  and 
all  liberty  were  trampled  to  the  dust  in  the 
reign  of  terror.  Upon  the  rise  of  Napo- 
leon to  power,  and  the  subjugation  of  half 
of  Europe  to  his  scepter,  the  dangers 
threatening  the  cause  of  freedom  grew 
more  alarming  to  their  view ;  and  as  Eng- 
land was  seen  maintaining  the  contest 
from  year  to  }'ear,  with  characteristic  per- 
tinacity, against  the  common  enemy,  sym- 
pathy began  to  be  felt  for  her  in  the  life- 
and-death  struggle  she  so  bravely  carried 
on.  Her  former  severity  toward  her  Col- 
onies was  lost  sight  of.  The  ties  of  a  com- 
mon origin,  a  common  language,  a  com- 
mon religious  faith,  and,  in  substance, 
common  rights  and  principles  of  govern- 
ment, exerted  their  influence.  She  came 
to  be  regarded  as  the  bulwark  of  law  and 
order  and  true  religion,  against  the  en- 
croachments of  a  mere  military  despotism, 
that  feared  neither  man  nor  God.  In  the 
war  with  Napoleon,  accordingly,  the  sym- 
pathies of  the  sober  and  more  cautious  of 
the  people  were  with  England ;  while 
those  who  were  more  ardent,  and  it  may 
be,  less  considerate,  rejoiced  in  the  glory 
of  France,  as  conducing  in  their  view,  in 
spite  of  its  incidental  evil,  to  the  ultimate 
advantage  of  the  cause  of  liberty. 

In  1800,  four  years  after  he  had  sought 
the  privacy  to  which  he  was  so  much 
attached,  Mr.  Strong  was  put  in  nomina- 
tion for  the  office  of  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, very  greatly  against  his  own 
desire.  Known  to  be  a  friend  to  the 
policy  on  which  Washington  had  con- 
ducted the  national  administration,  he 
drew  toward  himself  the  preferences  of 
the  Federalists,  as  one  on  whom  they 
could  securely  rely,  at  a  time  Avhen  the 
lines  of  party  were  being  distinctly  drawn, 
and  the  tide  of  party-spirit  was  rapidly 
rising.  At  the  ensuing  election,  which 
resulted  in  his  elevation  to  the  Chief 
Magistracy  of  the  Commonwealth,  it  is  re- 
lated  that,  in   the   several  towns  in  the 


168 


Caleb  Strong. 


[April, 


immediate  vicinity  of  Northampton,  every 
vote  was  given  in  his  favor.  Such  a  fact — 
not  easily  paralleled  in  the  lives  of  our 
public  men — not  only  proved  his  general 
popularity,  but  showed  how  completely 
successful  he  had  been  in  winning  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  those  who  knew 
him  best.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office  for  seven  successive  years ;  until 
the  steady  opposition  of  the  Federalists  to 
the  policy  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  administra- 
tion produced  a  reaction,  which,  in  1807, 
resulted  In  a  transfer  of  the  civil  power  to 
their  opponents.  Heartily  as  he  embraced 
the  political  views  of  his  supporters,  his 
defeat  was  to  himself  personally  an  occa- 
sion of  congratulation,  as  affording  him 
welcome  release  from  official  responsi- 
bility. He  gladly  turned  his  face  home- 
ward, more  than  satisfied  with  public 
honors,  and  purposing  to  pass  the  short 
remnant  of  his  days  in  the  bosom  of  his 
family. 

But  again  he  was  prevented  from  real- 
izing his  wish.  The  state  of  the  country 
was  becoming  more  disturbed.  There 
was  ground  for  serious  complaint  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States  against  the  Eng- 
lish and  the  French  government;  for  both 
had  authorized  or  winked  at  outrages 
upon  American  shipping,  for  which  no 
redress  could  be  obtained.  But  the  ad- 
ministration at  Washington  was  disposed 
to  take  more  especial  umbrage  at  the 
wrongs  inflicted  by  the  cruisers  of  Great 
Britain,  in  execution  of  the  "  Orders  in 
Council ;"  and  rumors  of  war  were  already 
in  circulation,  in  1811.  The  violence, 
moreover,  of  the  party  in  power  in  the 
Commonwealth,  had  produced  extensive 
irritation  among  the  people,  and  created 
a  general  desire  for  a  change  in  the  gov- 
ernment. The  public  demand  was  clear 
and  loud  that  the  man,  of  whose  modera- 
tion, firmness  of  purpose,  and  executive 
capacity,  such  abundant  proof  had  already 
been  given,  should  be  reinstated  in  office, 
as  the  only  one  who  could  be  relied  on  to 
allay  the  popular  ferment.  To  Gov. 
Strong  nothing  could  have  been  more  un- 


welcome than  this  call  of  the  people.  He 
was  weary  of  care.  At  the  age  of  sixty- 
six,  he  began  to  feel  the  infirmities  of 
years.  Accustomed  as  he  was  to  sacrifice 
inclination  to  duty,  he  felt  justified  in  this 
instance  in  declining  to  obey  the  sum- 
mons, until  it  was  made  evident  to  his 
mind  that  the  emergencies  of  the  hour 
imperatively  required  his  consent.  Yield- 
ing it  most  reluctantly,  he  was  chosen 
once  more  to  the  executive  office,  which 
he  continued  to  hold  until  1816. 

He  assumed  his  official  duties  in  the 
Spring  of  1812.  On  the  18th  of  June,  of 
that  year,  war  was  declared  by  the  United 
States  against  Great  Britain — a  measure 
most  unpopular  to  the  people  of  New 
England.  As  the  course  which  he  pur- 
sued, in  reference  to  that  war,  has  been 
severely  criticized,  it  is  but  justice  to  his 
memory  that  the  facts  of  the  case  should 
be  correctly  stated. 

On  the  12th  of  June, — before  the  com- 
mencement of  hostilities, — Gov.  Strong 
received  a  communication  from  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  requesting  him  to  order 
into  the  national  service  a  certain  portion 
of  the  militia  of  the  State,  upon  the  requi- 
sition of  Major  General  Dearborn.  On 
the  2 2d  of  the  same  month,  Gen.  Dear- 
born made  the  anticipated  requisition,  for 
troops  to  be  stationed  at  different  points 
along  the  coast,  under  his  direction.  With 
this  demand.  Gov.  Strong  did  not  feel 
himself  authorized  to  comply.  It  is  this 
refusal  to  cooperate  with  the  general  gov- 
ernment in  a  time  of  war,  which  has  been 
regarded  as  laying  him  open  to  censure. 
The  only  question,  however,  worth  asking 
here,  is  this:  Was  this  a  factious  resist- 
ance to  lawful  authority,  or  was  it  the 
course  which  he  had  reason  to  consider 
himself  bound,  by  his  oath  of  office,  to 
pursue  ? 

The  Federal  Constitution  declares  that 
"  Congress  shall  have  power  to  provide 
for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the 
laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections, 
and  repel  invasions  " — and  also  "  to  pro- 
vide  for   organizing,   arming   and   disci- 


I860.] 


Caleb  Strong. 


169 


plining  the  militia,  and  for  governing  such 
part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States,  reserving  to 
the  States  respectively  the  appointment 
of  the  officers."  Art.  10,  of  the  Amend- 
ment, declares  also,  that  "  the  powers  not 
delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the 
Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the 
States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respec- 
tively, or  to  the  people."  Quoting  these 
constitutional  provisions  in  his  speech  to 
the  Legislature,  in  October,  1812,  Gov. 
Strong  reasoned  thus  :  —  "  From  these 
clauses  in  the  Constitution,  and  from  the 
law  of  April  10th,"  [authorizing  the  Pres- 
ident to  call  into  service  a  part,  or  the 
whole,  of  a  specific  detachment  of  the 
militia,  "  in  all  the  exigencies  provided 
by  the  Constitution,"]  "  the  President 
derives  his  authorltj'  to  call  the  militia  of 
the  State  into  actual  service  ;  and,  except 
in  the  exigencies  above  mentioned,  he 
can  have  no  authority  by  the  Constitution 
to  do  it.  But  there  was  no  suggestion 
either  in  the  letter  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment, or  In  those  from  Gov.  Dearborn, 
that  this  State  or  Rhode  Island,"  [to  which 
the  troops  demanded  were  assigned  by 
Gen.  D.]  "  was  invaded,  or  in  imminent 
danger  of  invasion  ;  or  that  either  of  the 
exigencies  recognized  by  the  Constitution 
and  law,  existed.  If  such  declaration 
could  have  been  made  with  truth,  it  would 
undoubtedly  have  been  made." 

The  "  exigency,"  then,  in  his  view  of 
the  case,  did  not  exist,  in  which  he  could 
rightfully  authorize  the  employment  of 
the  militia  of  the  Commonwealth  in  the 
service  of  the  general  government." 
"  Heretofore,"  he  says,  "  it  has  been  un- 
derstood that  the  power  of  the  President 
and  Congress,  to  call  the  militia  into  ser- 
vice, was  to  be  exercised  only  in  case  of 
sudden  emergency,  and  not  for  the  pur- 
pose of  forming  them  into  a  standing 
army,  or  of  carrying  on  offensive  war. 
But,  according  to  Gen.  Dearborn's  con- 
struction, the  right  to  employ  the  militia 
is  made  to  depend,  not  upon  contingen- 
cies which  the  national  government  misht 


be  unable  to  foresee  and  provide  against, 
but  upon  its  own  act — upon  the  existence 
of  a  state  of  war,  which  the  government 
has  a  right  to  declare  as  often,  and  con- 
tinue as  long,  as  it  may  think  proper." 

Another  serious  difficulty  in  the  way  of 
his  compliance  was,  that  in  his  view  it  was 
unconstitutional  to  place  the  militia  of  the 
State  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Dear- 
born, who  was  a  United  States  officer; 
the  Constitution  expressly  reserving  the 
appointment  of  officers  to  the  Common- 
wealth, giving  only  to  the  President  him- 
self the  command-In-chief  These  diffi- 
culties he  could  not  thrust  aside,  or 
conscientiously  overlook.  "  I  have  been 
fully  disposed  to  comply  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  Constitution,"  he  declares, 
"  and  the  laws  made  in  pursuance  of  it, 
and  sincerely  regretted  that  any  request 
should  be  made  by  an  officer  of  govern- 
ment, to  which  I  could  not  constitutionally 
conform.  But  It  appeai'ed  to  me  that  the 
requisition  aforesaid  was  of  that  charac- 
ter ;  and  I  was  under  the  same  obliga- 
tion to  maintain  the  rights  of  the  State,  as 
to  support  the  Constitution.  If  the  de- 
mand was  not  warranted  by  the  Constitu- 
tion, I  should  have  violated  my  duty  in  a 
most  important  point,  if  I  had  attempted 
to  enforce  it." 

But  he  did  not  rely  solely  on  his  own 
judgment  in  reaching  his  conclusion.  As 
in  duty  bound,  he  submitted  the  questions 
involved  to  the  Supreme  Bench  of  the 
State ;  inquiring,  first.  Whether  he,  as 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  Common- 
wealth, had  the  right  to  determine  as  to 
the  existence  of  the  exigency,  contem- 
plated by  the  Constitution  in  such  a  case  5 
and,  secondly,  Whether  in  such  exigency, 
the  militia  could  be  commanded  by  any 
but  their  own  officers,  the  President  only 
excepted.  On  both  points  the  three 
Judges,  whose  opinions  could  be  procured,^ 
Theophllus  Parsons,  Samuel  Sewall,  and 
Isaac  Parker, — all  of  them,  then  or  after- 
wards. Chief  Justices  of  the  State, — con- 

1  The  others  lived  at  such  a  distance  as  to  make  it 
incouvenient  to  consult  them. 


170 


Caleh  Strong. 


[April, 


firmed,  fully  and  unreservedly,  tte  view 
he  had  taken  of  his  duty. 

Maintaining  thus  with  firmness,  yet 
with  frankness,  what  seemed  to  him  the 
rightsof  the  State,  against  encroachments; 
he,  nevertheless,  stood  ready  to  do  all  that 
in  his  view  he  could  do  constitutionally,  as 
Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Commonwealth  in 
a  time  of  war.  Deserted  by  the  general 
government,  which,  upon  his  refusal,  left 
New  England  to  take  care  of  itself,  he 
took  active  measures  to  put  the  defences 
along  the  coast  of  Massachusetts  and  "  the 
Province  of  Maine "  into  a  state  of  pre- 
paration to  repel  assault,  and  to  bring  the 
militia  into  thorough  training.  In  these 
efforts,  through  the  efficient  cooperation 
of  his  subordinate  officers,  he  was  in  a  high 
degree  successful.^ 

The  judgment  of  Gov.  Strong  may  have 
erred,  in  coming  to  the  decision  which  he 
reached.  If  so,  it  was  a  natural,  and  un- 
der the  circumstances  a  pardonable,  error. 
The  question  was  a  novel  one.  The 
language  of  the  Constitution  —  as  our 
readers  can  judge  for  themselves  —  is 
certainly  susceptible  of  the  construction 
he  put  upon  it.  As  one  who  had  had  a 
share  in  the  adjustment  of  its  concessions 
and  limitations  of  power,  he  might  reason- 
ably have  confidence  in  his  correct  under- 
standing of  its  provisions.  His  distin- 
guished legal  advisers — able  men,  all — 
saw  it  in  the  same  light  with  himself.  It 
was  necessary  for  him  to  decide  upon  his 
own  course  of  action.  If,  as  is  under- 
stood, his  interpretation  of  the  Constitution 
had  been  pronounced  incorrect  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  all 
that  can  be  justly  affirmed  against  it  is, 
that  it  was  an  honest  error  of  judgment; 
an  error,  too,  upon  the  side  for  which  he 
was  immediately  responsible — the  care  of 
the  rights  of  the  State.  The  controlling 
public  sentiment  of  New  England  fully 
sustained  him  ;  and  the  sober  men  of  tliat 

1  A  detailed  account  of  these  matters  will  be  found 
in  the  appendix  to  the  History  of  East  Boston,  writ- 
ten by  Gen.  Wm.  II.  Sumner,  who  was  aid  to  Gov. 
Strong,  and  sent  by  him  to  Maine  for  this  special 
purpose. — Eds. 


day  congratulated  themselves,  that  the 
Chief  Magistrate  of  the  leading  State  in 
this  section  of  the  Union  was  so  eminently 
the  man  for  the  times ! 

The  last  two  years  in  which  he  held 
office  were  spent  in  quietness,  contrasting 
gratefully  with  the  previous  turmoil.  In 
1816,  he  finally  retired  from  the  public 
service.  The  closing  three  years  of  his 
life  were  passed  in  the  peaceful  domestic 
enjoyment  so  congenial  to  his  disposition — 
much  of  his  time  being  given  to  devo- 
tional reading,  particularly  that  of  the 
Scriptures,  with  which  he  was  very  famil- 
iar, and  not  a  little  of  which  he  had 
stored  away  in  his  memory. 

Forty  years  have  gone  by  since  he  de- 
parted from  the  scene  of  his  earthly  use- 
fulness and  honor ;  and  few  now  survive, 
who  retain  him  in  personal  recollection. 
Whatever  qualities  he  possessed  which 
gave  him  influence  over  his  contempora- 
ries ;  whatever  talents  contributed  to  his 
advancement  in  life  ;  whatever  services, 
of  value  at  the  time  or  permanently,  he 
may  have  rendered  to  the  Common- 
wealth, or  to  the  country ;  it  is  not  so 
much  for  these  that  he  is  worthy  to  be 
held  in  long  remembrance,  as  for  that 
more  commanding  attitude  in  which  he 
appears  in  our  national  history,  as  a 
Patriot  Statesman.  His  day  produced 
other  men,  it  may  be,  of  acuter  intellect 
or  more  brilliant  parts.  It  may  be  doubt- 
ed whether  a  purer  fame  adorns  the 
annals  of  our  country.  He  served  its 
cause  for  its  sake,  and  not  for  any  selfish 
end.  He  did  not  seek  its  honors.  They 
came  to  him  unsolicited.  They  were 
accepted  only  from  a  sense  of  duty.  They 
were  gladly  laid  aside,  as  soon  as  duty 
would  permit.  He  did  not  grasp  after 
power.  When  the  administration  of  power 
was  forced  upon  him  he  exercised  it  with 
moderation,  with  conscientious  regard  to 
the  public  interest.  The  intelligent  and 
religious  men  of  his  time  honored  him,  as 
they  honored  few  other  men  in  civil 
offices.  In  their  estimation  he  seems  to 
have    stood   as — after    Washington — the 


I860.] 


Caleh  Strong. 


171 


heau  ideal  of  a  Christian  statesman.  "At 
a  time,"  says  President  Appleton,  "  when 
acknowledged  talents,  long  experience  in 
public  affairs,  unshaken  integrity,  con- 
ciliating and  cautious  manners,  joined 
with  decision  of  character,  were  qualities 
infinitely  important  in  one  who  should  be 
selected  to  preside  in  our  government ; 
we  recognize,  with  devout  thankfulness, 
the  gracious  hand  of  Almighty  God,  in 
again  directing  the  public  attention  to 
him,  and  in  directing  him  to  consider  the 
voice  of  the  public  as  the  indication  of 
duty.  We  rejoice  to  witness  in  the  Su- 
preme Executive  of  our  State  govern- 
ment a  rich  assemblage  of  those  republi- 
can and  Christian  virtues,  which  shone 
with  so  benign  a  luster  in  the  purer  ages 
of  our  countiy." 

Speaking  of  "  the  right  of  inquiry"  in- 
to public  affairs,  as  "  essential  to  a  repub- 
lican government,"  Dr.  Abiel  Holmes,  ad- 
dressing a  benevolent  society  in  Cam- 
bridge, remarked :  "  A  magnanimous  ex- 
ample of  such  inquiry  has  been  recently 
presented  by  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  this 
Commonwealth, — a  man  whose  private 
virtues  and  political  integrity  have  raised 
him,  like  Washington,  not  above  reproach 
merely,  but  above  suspicion.  What  re- 
spect is  due  to  the  example,  what  defer- 
ence to  the  opinions  of  a  ruler  eminent 
for  a  discriminating  judgment  and  a  dis- 
passionate temper;  for  incomparable  mod- 
esty and  inflexible  firmness  ;  for  disinter- 
ested patriotism  and  exemplary  piety." 

The  satisfaction  which  his  consent  to 
resume  office  gave  to  the  Christian  public, 
found  expression  on  another  occasion,  in 
an  address  delivered  by  Mr.  Jeremiah 
Evarts.  "  It  would  be  criminal  here,"  he 
said,  "  not  to  notice  a  most  auspicious 
event  for  this  Commonwealth  ;  I  refer  to 
the  election  of  our  present  dignified  and 
excellent  Chief  Magistrate.  Let  the  peo- 
ple choose  such  men  as  Governor  Strong 
to  direct  our  national  affairs,  and  our  po- 
litical troubles  will  quickly  cease.  Let  us 
not  forget  the  heartfelt  thanks  to  which  he 
is  entitled,  for  consenting  to  leave  a  hap- 


py retirement  at  the  call  of  his  fellow-cit- 
izens, and  to  assume  the  labors,  the  anxi- 
eties, and  the  responsibilities  of  office,  at 
this  critical  period.  A  sacrifice  like  this 
has  not  often  been  made,  and  it  ought  not 
to  escape  the  grateful  recollection  of  every 
friend  of  his  country." 

High  praise  from  honorable  men ; 
which,  nevertheless,  only  gave  voice  to  the 
common  sentiment.  The  secret  of  Gov. 
Strong's  consistent  patriotism,  was  his  un- 
affected piety.  In  his  early  manhood  he 
made  a  careful  investigation  of  the  princi- 
ples of  Christianity,  with  the  purpose  to 
satisfy  himself  upon  certain  points  of  the 
Christian  system,  in  regard  to  which  he 
was  in  doubt.  The  result  was  his  firm  es- 
tablishment in  his  religious  belief,  and  his 
hearty  acceptance  of  the  evangelical  faith. 
He  avowed  himself  a  disciple  of  Christ. 
His  subsequent  life  bore  testimony,  more 
and  more  clearly  to  the  last,  that  his  will 
was  conformed  to  that  of  his  Divine  Mas- 
ter. He  lived  under  a  sense  of  his  re- 
sponsibility to  God,  alike  in  the  pursuit  of 
his  privacy,  and  in  the  discharge  of  his 
public  duties.  He  took  a  cordial  interest 
in  all  the  Christian  enterprises  of  his  time. 
Li  the  Church  of  Christ,  and  in  his  quiet 
domestic  circle,  he  made  it  clearly  mani- 
fest that  "  the  unfeigned  faith,  which  dwelt 
first  in  his  worthy  ancestry,  from  the  time 
of  their  earliest  settlement  in  this  country, 
dwelt  in  him  also." 

We  have  already  made  passing  allu- 
sion to  the  happiness  of  those  portions  of 
his  life,  which  he  was  permitted  to  spend 
in  his  own  home.  In  17  77,  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  Hooker,  daughter  of  Rev. 
John  Hooker,  the  successor  of  Edwards 
in  the  pastorate  of  the  Church  in  North- 
ampton,— a  lady  in  every  respect  worthy 
to  be  the  wife  of  such  a  man.  Her  pleas- 
ant countenance,  her  excellent  good 
sense,  the  simplicity  and  fervor  of  her  pi- 
ety, and  the  singular  sweetness  of  her  dis- 
position, blessed  the  forty  years  of  his 
married  life  with  more  than  common  do- 
mestic enjoyment.  After  a  lingering  ill- 
ness, which  came  to  its  end  in  "  perfect 


172 


Caleb  Strong. 


[April, 


peace,"  in  February,  1817,  her  husband 
laid  her  gently  away  to  her  last  rest-^ 

Of  a  cheerful  spirit  himself,  social  in 
his  inclinations  and  exceedingly  urbane 
in  manner.  Gov.  Strong  possessed  the 
good-will  of  every  class  of  the  community. 
His  vigorous  understanding,  the  extent  of 
his  information,  his  large  store  of  anec- 
dotes, and  the  frequent  playful  sallies  of 
his  wit — which,  however,  always  obeyed 
"  the  law  of  kindness" — made  him  a  most 
agreeable  companion.  Not  a  few  of  his 
hons  mots  are  still  remembered  in  his  old 
neighborhood. 

In  person,  Gov.  Strong  was  of  medium 
bight,  erect,  of  compact  and  well  knit 
frame,  and  graceful  carriage.  The  ac- 
companying engraving,  which  reproduces 
with  much  spirit  the  well-known  portrait 
by  Stuart,  gives  a  good  idea  of  his  counte- 
nance, of  wliich  a  calm  and  benignant 
dignity  was  the  habitual  expression. 

After  spending  the  last  three  years  of 
his  life  in  quiet  repose  from  public  cares, 
it  was  granted  him,  in  the  good  Provi- 
dence of  God,  to  pass  away  to  his  immor- 
tality without  the  endurance  of  long-con- 
continued  suffering.  Symptoms — not  very 
violent — of    angina  pectoris    had   before 

1  The  children  of  Gov.  Strong  were  the  following : 
Theodore,  born  Jan.  13,  1779  ;  died  Feb.  12,  1855. 
Clarissa,  born  June  10,  1783 ;  married  Timothy 
Dwight,  E.<q.,  of  New  Haven,  Ct. ;  died  Feb.  25,  1855. 
Lewis,  born  June  9, 1785.  Sarah,  born  July  22,  1787  ; 
married  Rev.  Alexander  Phoenix,  of  Harlem,  N.  Y.  ; 
died  June  10, 1S56.  Edward,  born  July  2,  1790  ;  di- 
ed May  6,  1813.  Julia,  born  April  1,  1793 ;  died  Oct. 
1,  1818.  Beside  three  others,  that  died  in  early  child- 
hood. Of  these,  Hon.  Lewis  Strong  of  Northampton, 
is  now  the  sole  survivor.  Mr.  S.  still  occupies  the 
house  (somewhat  modernized)  in  which  his  father 
and  his  grandfather  lived  before  him.  The  home- 
stead has  been  in  possession  of  the  family  for  nearly 
two  hundred  years. 


manifested  themselves.  But  on  the  eve- 
ning of  the  Sabbath,  Nov.  7,  1818,  after 
having,  according  to  his  wont,  attended 
divine  worship  all  the  day,  he  was  seized 
with  pain  in  his  chest,  and  sent  for  his 
physician,  who  made  some  simple  prescrip- 
tion, thinking  lightly  of  the  attack,  and 
then  withdrew.  A  moment  after,  another 
paroxysm  occurred,  and  before  the  physi- 
cian could  reenter  the  room,  the  spirit  of 
his  patient  had  departed  beyond  the  expe- 
rience of  further  pain. 

On  the  eleventh  of  November,  his  re- 
mains, attended  by  a  large  concourse  of 
mourning  friends  and  citizens,  were,  ac- 
cording to  arrangements  made  by  the 
town  of  Northampton,  laid  in  their  final 
resting-place,  among  the  graves  of  his 
fathers.  Rev.  Dr.  Lyman,  of  Hatfield, 
who  preached  the  sermon  at  his  interment, 
gave  true  expression  to  the  feelings  of  his 
hearers,  and  of  the  community,  when  he 
said  :  "  You  will  unite  your  voice  with 
mine,  when  I  say  that  few,  very  few  men 
have  sustained  public  honors  more  peace- 
fully, and  been  more  eminently  useful 
through  a  long  life  in  times  that  tried 
men's  souls.  Who  doth  not  know  that 
there  is  a  Prince  and  great  man  flillen 
this  day  in  Israel  ?" 

In  the  ancient  burying  ground  of  North- 
ampton, surrounded  by  the  sepulchers  of 
his  fathers,  a  plain  marble  monument  bears 
the  following  simple  inscription: 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

CALEB    STRONG, 

L.\TE  GOVERSOR   OF  MASSACHUSETTS,  WHO,  AFTER  A  LIFE 

EMINENT  FOR  PIETY 
AND  DEVOTION  TO  THE  PUBLIC  SERVICE, 

Died  Nov.  7, 1819, 
IN  THE  75th  year  op  his  age. 

"  THE   MEMORY    OF   THE  JUST   IS   BLESSED." 


I860.]         Denominations  now,  and  a  Hundred  years  ago.  173 


RELIGIOUS  DENOMINATIONS  IN  NEW  ENGLAND  NOW,  AND  A 
HUNDRED  YEARS  AGO. 


BY   KEY.   JOSEPH   S.    CLAKK,    D.D. 


On  the  23d  of  April,  1760,  Rev.  Ezra 
Stiles,  D.D.,  subsequently  President  of 
Yale  College,  but  then  pastor  of  the 
Second  Congregational  Church  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  preached  a  sermon  before 
"  The  Reverend  Convention  of  the  Con- 
gregational Clergy  "  of  that  colony,  assem- 
bled at  Bristol,  wherein  he  computed  the 
numerical  strength  of  the  several  denom- 
inations in  New  England,  and  calculated, 
from  the  past  growth  of  each,  what  their 
numbers  respectively  would  be  in  1860 — 
a  hundred  years  from  that  day. 

The  preacher,  and  those  who  heard 
him,  have  long  since  "  gone  the  way  of 
all  the  earth,"  but  the  sermon  survives. 
Its  heaps  of  statistical  lore,  gathered  not 
without  immense  toil ;  its  profound  and 
patience-trying  calculations,  the  product 
of  much  counting  and  cyphering,  all  lie 
before  me  in  a  worm-eaten  pamphlet  of 
156  pages  (including  the  appendix,)  and 
are  even  more  instructive  to  us  than  to 
those  for  wliose  immediate  use  they  were 
originally  prepared.  By  them  we  are 
enabled,  not  only  to  look  upon  the  eccle- 
siastical map  of  New  England  as  it  ap- 
peared a  hundred  years  ago,  and  to  mark 
the  changes  which  have  since  taken  place, 
but  also  to  trace  out  the  divergency  of 
the  doctoi-'s  calculations  from  the  actual 
course  of  events,  and  to  discover  the 
cause  of  his  erroneous  conclusions — a 
most  valuable  lesson,  this  last,  in  the  sci- 
ence of  statistics.  Never  are  we  more 
efTectually  sharpening  our  statistical  acu- 
men, or  more  rapidly  acquinng  skill  in  sta- 
tistical calculations,  than  when  we  are 
searching  into  the  miscalculations  of 
those  who  have  gone  before  us.  Their 
discovered  errors  make  us  wise.  Their 
blunders  become  our  beacons. 
VOL.  II.  23 


"  The  present  state  of  our  denomina- 
tion " — I  here  quote  from  the  sermon  a 
short  paragraph  entire — "  the  present  state 
of  our  denomination,  as  to  numbers,  for 
the  year  1760,  is  nearly  this ; — in  Mas- 
sachusetts are  about  300  Congregational 
churches;  In  Connecticut,  170;  in  New 
Hampshire,  43  ;  which,  with  those  in  this 
colony,  (Rhode  Island,)  form  a  body  of 
about  530  churches.^  In  1650,  there 
were  about  36  churches  already  founded, 
several  of  which  were  small  beginnings, 
requiring  many  years  to  fill  up.  In  1696, 
were  but  130  Congregational  churches 
in  all  New  England.  And  being,  A.  D. 
1760,  increased  to  530,  the  proportion  of 
doubling  is  once  in  30  years.  In  1643, 
there  had  arrived  in  298  transports, 
about  4,200  planters  with  their  families, 
making  21,200  people  for  all  New  Eng- 
land. Since  that  time  more  have  gone 
from  us  to  Europe,  than  have  arrived 
from  thence,  hither.  The  present  inhab- 
itants, therefore,  of  New  England,  are 
justly  to  be  estimated  a  natural  increase, 
by  the  blessing  of  heaven,  on  the  first  21, 
000  that  arrived  by  the  year  1643." 

From  several  pages  of  facts  and  figures, 
gathered  out  of  historical  records  relating 
to  the  early  settlement  of  these  New  Eng- 
land colonies — not  overlooking  any  thing 
in  the  form  of  a  census,  however  imper- 
fect— he  comes  to  the  conclusion  that "  we 
shall  not  be  mistaken  if  we  assume  the 
number  of  inhabitants  at  half  a  million  in 
the  year  1760  ;"  and  that  "  we  now  com- 
mence an  increase  of  14,000,  a  year, 
which,  in  25  years,  will  be  augmented  to 
28,000  a  year ;  and  if  Providence  con- 

1  It  should  be  remembered  that  Maine  was  then  a 
part  of  Massachusetts,  and  Vermont  was  yet  "  to 
be.'' 


174 


Denominations  notv,  and  a  Hundred  years  ago.       [April, 


tinue  our  Increase  for  50  years,  we  shall 
have  arrived  at  an  annual  increase  of 
56,000  " — the  whole  population  doubling 
every  25  years. 

These  500,000  souls,  with  which  New 
England  was  sui^posed  to  be  peopled  in 
1760,  were  distributed  by  Dr.  Stiles 
among  the  different  denominations  thus ; 
— Jews,  about  70  ;  Moravians,  "  as  many 
more;"  Episcopalians,  12,600;  Friends, 
16,000;  Baptists,  22,000;  and  "about 
10,000  reducible  to  no  class" — Nothinga- 
rians, as  we  should  call  them.  With  a 
shocking  disregard  of  fractions,  though 
dealing  with  "  souls"  he  finishes  up  the 
distribution  in  this  way  ; — "  the  total  a- 
mount  of  60,000  [i.  e.  all  the  foregoing 
estimates  put  together,  which  if  exactly 
added  would  make  60,740]  subducted 
from  half  a  million,  the  present  total  in- 
habitants of  New  England,  leaves  440,000 
souls  [439,260  according  to  the  above 
correction]  for  the  denomination  of  Con- 
gregationalists."  ^ 

Thus  it  appears  that  these  four  deno- 
minations,— Congregatlonalists,  Baptists, 
Friends  and  Episcopalians,  with  a  slight 
sprinkling  of  Jews  and  Moravians,^were 
all  that  had  an  appreciable  existence  in 
New  England  a  hundred  years  ago. 
With  these  data  Dr.  Stiles  proceeds 
(we  correct  other  of  the  Doctor's  figura- 
tive errors,)  after  the  following  fashion  ; — 
"  This  being  nearly  the  true  state  of  the 
facts,  as  to  numbers  for  the  year  1760,  let 
us  see  what  may  be  their  respective  in- 
crease in  a  century  from  this  time,  suppos- 
ing them  to  double  once  in  25  years. 


Episco- 

A.D.  palians. 

1760  12,600 

1785  25,200 

1810  50,400 

1835  100,800 

1860  201,600 


CoDgrega- 

Friends.  Baptists.  tionalists. 

16,000  22,000  440,000 

82,000  44.000  880.000 

64,000  88,000  1,760,000 

128,000  176,000  3,520,000 

256,000  352,000  7  Millions." 


Astonishing  as  the  product  of  this  mul- 
tiplication must   have  been,  even  to  the 

1  The  few  I'resbyterian  Churches  then  in  New  Eng- 
land, not  exceeding  four  or  five,  and  these  indepen- 
■lent  of  each  other's  control,  were  so  nearly  identical  in 
doctrine  and  polity  with  the  Congregational,  that,  in 
Dr.  Stiles'  enumeration,  they  are  included  with 
them. 


mind  of  the  preacher  himself,  he  pro- 
claims his  conviction,  that  this,  or  some- 
thing near  it,  will  be  the  relative  position 
of  the  denominations  in  1860,  "  even  with 
the  most  sanguine  allowances  for  proseli- 
ting."  And,  as  if  it  could  be  made  surer  by 
iteration,  he  repeats  the  result.  "  The 
natural  increase  on  the  present  stock  will, 
in  half  a  century,  give  50,400  for  the 
Episcopalians,  64,000  for  the  Friends,  88, 
000  for  the  Baptists,  and  one  million  and 
three  quarters  for  the  Congregatlonalists. 
And  in  a  century,  201,600  for  the  first, 
256,000  for  the  second,  352,000  for  the 
third,  and  seven  millions  for  the  last." 
The  only  shadow  of  a  doubt  that  seems  to 
cross  his  mind  comes  from  "  proseliting 
and  shifting  communions,"  which,  after 
all,  he  thinks,  cannot  operate  to  any  great 
extent  in  disturbing  his  calculation,  con- 
sidering "  the  difficulty  of  breaking  the 
ancestral  religion," — a  difficulty  seen  in 
the  small  number  of  changes  hitherto 
effected,  "  not  perhaps  exceeding  5,000 
among  all  the  sects."  As  to  the  Congre- 
gational churches,  he  is  quite  sure  that 
they  will  go  on  doubling  once  in  about  30 
years.  "  So  that  60  years  hence  we  may 
consist  of  2,000  churches, — which  some  of 
the  present  generation  may  live  to  see. 
The  aged  ministers  now  living,  have,  in 
their  day,  seen  130  churches  increase  to 
530.  In  a  century  from  this  time  we 
may  have  5,000  churches,  even  with  al- 
lowances for  emigrations  to  new  provin- 
ces." 

How  easy  for  the  wisest  to  mistake, 
especially  when  reasoning  from  the  known 
past,  or  the  seen  present,  to  the  unknown 
and  hidden  future  !  The  real  facts,  as  to 
the  several  denominations  in  New  Eng- 
land at  the  present  time,  A.  D.,  1860,  for 
which  Dr.  Stiles  made  his  laborious  calcu- 
lations, may  be  given  thus.  According 
to  the  last  United  States  census — that  of 
1850 — the   churches"   numbered,   in   the 

-  Places  of  worship,  is  no  doubt  the  meaning  of  (his 
term  as  used  in  the  census  ;  but  it  answers  the  pres- 
ent purpose  just  as  well  as  if  understood  in  the  more 
appropriate  sense  of  confederated  companies  of  Chris- 
tians. 


I860.]       Denominations  now,  and  a  Hundred  years  ago.  175 


aggregate,  4,387.  The  increase  in  most 
of  the  denominations  since  1850,  is  read- 
ily ascertained  by  looking  at  their  last 
published  Minutes.  A  few  have  no 
printed  Minutes.  Supposing  these  to 
have  increased  in  the  same  ratio  with  the 
others,  the  aggregate  increase  has  been 
about  600  churches,  which,  added  to  the 
census  returns  for  1850,  makes  the  whole 
number  4,987 — a  small  fraction  short  of 
5,000.  This,  it  will  be  remembered,  is 
precisely  the  number  which  Dr.  Stiles' 
calculation  assigns  to  the  Congregational- 
ists  (done ;  while  the  seven  millions  of 
souls,  who,  he  supposed,  might  be  found 
bearing  that  name  in  1860,  is  just  double 
the  entire  population,  out  of  which  some 
fifteen  other  denominations,  as  well  as 
this,  have  been  constituted,  besides  an 
indefinitely  large  residuum  of  Nothinga- 
rians. 

We  are  under  great  obligations  to  the 
learned  Doctor  for  such  a  discourse  ;  ob- 
ligations not  at  all  weakened  by  the  al- 
most ludicrous  discrepancy  between  his 
calculations,  and  the  facts  as  we  actually 
find  them.  It  is  of  very  little  practical 
importance  to  us  or  to  any  one  else,  that  he 
could  not  look  across  the  century,  from 
■where  he  stood,  and  foreshow  the  pjresent 
relative  position  of  the  religious  denomi- 
nations, which  we  can  now  so  easily  find 
out  by  consulting  the  Minutes.  But  it 
was  a  great  service  which  he  rendered, 
not  for  that  age  alone,  nor  for  this,  but 
for  all  ages,  when  he  devoted  the  small 
interstices  of  a  busy  and  laborious  pro- 
fession, to  the  drudgery  of  setting  down 
figures  which  would  tell  us  how  these 
matters  stood  at  that  end  of  the  century, 
as  Cotton  Mather  had  done  in  the  cen- 
tury preceding.  By  collecting  and  pre- 
serving the  ecclesiastical  statistics  of  New 
England  for  1760,  which  no  other  man 
then  living  had  either  the  taste  or  the  tact 
to  do,  he  has  given  the  means  of  ascer- 
taining the  progress  which  each  denomin- 
ation has  made  during  the  past  hundred 
years,  and  of  determining  the  law  of 
church  extension  among  us  for  that  length 


of  time.  The  following  points  of  informa- 
tion, obtained  by  comparing  the  past  with 
the  present,  will  probably  surprise  such 
readers  of  the  Quarterly  as  have  not  ad- 
dicted themselves  to  investigations  of  this 
sort. 

1.  Of  the  four  religious  denominations 
occupying  New  England  a  hundred  years 
ago,  viz.,  Congregationalists,  Baptists, 
Friends  and  Episcopalians,  the  first  named 
were  more  than  seven  times  as  numerous 
in  1760  as  all  the  others  put  together; 
while  in  1860  the  numerical  strength  of 
these  other  three  is  about  ecpal  to  that  of 
the  Congregationalists.  The  Baptists 
have  made  the  largest  relative  gain  in 
numbers.  The  Friends  have  hardly  held 
their  own,  during  the  last  half  century, 
and  seem  doomed  to  extinction,  or  rather 
absorption  in  other  sects,  at  no  very  dis- 
tant day.  There  are  some  elements  of 
moral  excellence  among  them  which,  it  is 
hoped,  will  never  be  lost  from  a  world 
where  they  are  so  much  needed  as  in 
this. 

2.  Instead  of  these  four  denominations, 
which  held  the  entire  ground  in  1760,  we 
now  count  some  fifteen,  each  sufficiently 
distinct  and  independent  to  be  grouped 
into  a  separate  communion  ;  besides  over 
twenty  worshipping  assemblies  that  can- 
not be  classed  with  either,  and  which,  in 
the  last  census  returns  are  thrown  together 
under  the  one  head  of  "  minor  sects." 
Some  of  the  earliest  formed  of  these  de- 
nominations might  have  had  their  germs 
in  those  "  10,000  reducible  to  no  class,"  to 
which  Dr.  Stiles  makes  a  slight  allusion 
— altogether  too  slight — in  distributing 
the  population  of  New  England  in  1760. 
The  first  to  be  developed  was  the  Univer- 
salists,  in  1 765.  The  Free-will  Baptists 
sprang  up,  in  1780.  The  Roman  Catho- 
lics, in  1785.  The  first  Methodist  organi- 
zation in  New  England  was  effected  in 
1793.  Since  the  present  century  came 
in,  the  Unitarians,  the  Swedenborgians, 
the  Christians,  the  Second  Adventists, 
two  subdivisions  of  the  Methodists,  the 
Shakers,  aud  one  or  two  other  sorts  of 


176 


Denominations  noiv,  and  a  Hundred  ?/ ears  ago.      [Appjl, 


Communists  have  appeared.  Of  the 
churches,  or  religious  societies  pertain- 
ing to  these  several  denominations,  six 
sevenths  are  reputed  evangelical ;  and  of 
these,  the  Congregationalists  have  about 
one  third, — numbering  at  the  present 
time  1,217.  The  Baptists  stand  next  in 
numerical  strength  ;  then  come  the  ISIeth- 
odists  ;  after  them  the  Episcopalians. 

3.  This  multiplication  of  sects  or  de- 
nominations does  not  seem  to  have  had 
the  effect  wliich  is  sometimes  ascribed  to 
it,  of  promoting  attendance  on  public 
■worship.  Many  appear  to  think  that 
nothing  more  is  wanting  to  secure  a  gen- 
eral turn-out  to  meeting  in  any  given 
community  than  to  open  more  places  of 
■worship,  or  to  introduce  neio  kinds  of  wor- 
ship. But  what  are  the  facts  ?  As  we 
compare  New  England  in  1760,  ■with 
New  England  in  1860,  we  may  safely 
assume  that  the  population  lived,  on  an 
average,  twice  as  far  from  their  places  of 
■worship  as  they  do  now ;  and  ■we  know 
that  they  had  but  one  quarter  as  many 
varieties  of  worship  ■wherewith  to  suit 
their  denominational  preferences.  Yet 
there  were  only  10,000  out  of  500,000— 
one  in  fifty — who  could  not  be  classed 
among  the  supporters  of  some  religious 
society.  It  may  be,  as  has  been  already 
intimated,  that  this  number  is  set  too  low. 
Suppose  we  double  it — calling  the  ne- 
glecters  of  public  ■worship  in  1760,  twenty 
thousand  instead  of  ten,  or  one  twenty- 
fifth  of  the  entire  population,  instead  of 
one  fiftieth — how  will  it  compare  with  the 
proportion  that  habitually  "  neglect  the 
assembling  of  themselves  together  "  now  V 
Discreet  Christian  men,  within  a  year  or 
two  past,  awakening  perhaps  rather  sud- 
denly to  a  contemplation  of  this  appalling 
subject,  and  catching  hurried  glances, 
have  reported  the  number  as  high  as  a 
million  or  more — about  one  third  of  the 
whole  population.  This  is  undoubtedly 
an  exaggeration,  if  it  be  intended  to  in- 
clude only  such  as  Dr.  Stiles  included  in 
his  "  10,000  reducible  to  no  class."  But 
if  we  diminish  it  one  half— setting   the 


proportion  at  a  sixth,  instead  of  a  third  of 
the  whole  population — it  will  then  be  four 
times  as  great  as  it  was  a  hundred  years 
ago,  when  they  resided  twice  as  far  from 
meeting,  and  had  only  a  quarter  as  many 
sects,  among  which  to  find  a  congenial 
religion.  It  will  be  found,  by  examining 
such  facts  as  the  foregoing,  that  new  sects 
spring  from  existing  sects,  and  not  from 
the  debris  of  Nothlngarlanism ;  and  that 
it  is  not  so  much  the  want  of  a  new  form 
of  religion,  as  an  Indifference  or  repug- 
nance to  all  religion,  that  alls  the  neglec- 
ters  of  public  worship,  and  has  to  be  pro- 
vided for  in  their  evangelization.  Let  a 
new  denomination  be  set  up  in  every  town 
and  village  where  its  members  are  pleased 
to  attempt  it ;  but  let  nobody  be  deluded 
with  the  whim  that  this  will  perceptibly 
thin  the  ranks  of  habitual  neglectors. 

In  addition  to  these  points  of  instruc- 
tion, derived  from  the  facts  given  us  in 
this  discourse,  there  is  a  lesson  of  deep 
wisdom  to  be  learned  from  its  mistakes. 
The  science  of  statistics  is  of  recent  ori- 
gin. The  man  who  first  gave  name  and 
form  to  this  branch  of  knowledge,  Arch- 
enwall,  of  Prussia,  was  coeval  ■with  Dr. 
Stiles,  and  published  his  fii'st  thoughts  on 
the  subject  in  1749.  The  grouping  of 
facts  in  statistical  tables,  and  for  statisti- 
cal uses,  as  is  now  all  the  time  done  in 
every  department  of  human  research,  was 
entirely  new  business  this  side  the  water. 
So  was  the  present  familiar  way  of  using 
such  facts  in  calculating  the  probable 
issues  of  the  future.  The  small  allo'w- 
ance  that  he  made  for  "  proseliting  and 
changing  communions,"  ■which  evidently 
resulted  from  insufficient  data,  had  some- 
thing to  do  in  bringing  out  an  erroneous 
conclusion.  The  presumption,  that,  be- 
cause four  denominations  of  Christians 
then  held  the  ground,  there  ■would  be  only 
four  during  the  next  century,  was  a  still 
more  pregnant  source  of  error.  But  his 
widest  divergence  from  the  mark  origin- 
ated in  the  supposition  tliat  Yankees  were 
going  to  stay  at  home,  as  they  had  done. 
His  "  allowances  for  emigrations  to  new 


I860.]       Denominations  now,  and  a  Hundred  years  ago. 


177 


provinces  "  are  altogether  too  small.  The 
population  of  New  England,  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  according  to  his  estimate,  should 
be  nearly  8,000,000,  in  place  of  the  3, 
526,000  which  we  actually  find.  Had  all 
her  sons  and  daughters  spent  their  days 
where  they  were  born,  as  their  fothers 
generally  had  done,  this  might  have  been 
true ;  but  this  was  not  to  be.  They 
were  thenceforth  to  be  known  as  the 
"  Universal  Yankee  Nation."  Were 
all  the  living  descendants  of  New  Eng- 
land Congregationalists,  who  have  been 
gathered  into  other  communions  for  the 
past  hundred  years,  now  to  be  restored, 
with  what  have  gone  to  other  parts  with- 
out giving  up  their  religious  denomina- 
tion, we  might  probably  count  the  5,000 
churches  of  our  order  which  his  calcula- 
tion assigns  us.  Our  Presbyterian  breth- 
ren acknowledge  that  not  less  than  2,000 
of  their  churches  were  derived  from  New 
England  Congregationalists.  How  many 
of  the  same  stock  could  be  found  mar- 
shalled under  other  denominational  ban- 
ners, were  the  search  to  be  made  through- 
out "  the  sacramental  host  of  God's  elect," 
remains  to  be  seen.  But  all  this,  how- 
ever, is  a  digression. 

"  Figures  won't  lie,"  it  is  said.  But 
they  will  lie,  and  that  in  the  worst  possi- 
ble way,  unless  they  are  made  to  speak 
the  truth.  As  we  find  them  sometimes 
employed,  they  might  aptly  be  called 
"  the  father  of  lies."  It  is  astonishing  to 
see  what  a  mountain  of  errors  will  come 
from  a  mole-hill  mistake  in  the  basis  of  a 
statistical  calculation,  by  merely  applying 
the  artless,  but  inexorable  rule  of  "  JNIulti- 
plication."  We  have  just  been  noticing 
an  illustration  of  it  in  the  fact  that 
thousands  of  churches  and  millions  of 
souls  were  made  to  depend  for  their  exis- 
tence in  18G0,  on  the  figures  which  Dr. 
Stiles  happened  to  set  down  as  expressing 
his  idea  of  the  changes  going  on  among 
the  religious  sects  a  hundred  years  before, 
and  of  the  laws  that  he  then  imagined 
would  regulate  emigration  for  the  coming 
century.  Whether  the  Congregational 
VOL.  II.  23* 


chuches  in  New  England  should,  by  this 
time,  count  5,000,  or  one  quarter  of  that 
number  ;  whether  the  population  of  New 
England  should  be  8,000,000,  or  3,526, 
000,  all  turned  on  the  accuracy  or  the  fal- 
sity of  data,  which  must  have  been  deter- 
mined more  by  guessing  than  by  count- 
ing. 

The  charity  with  which  we  censure  the 
mistakes  of  Dr.  Stiles,  with  the  scant  sta- 
tistical knowledge  and  green  experience 
which  the  world  then  had  of  statistics,  can- 
not be  claimed  for  the  blunders  which 
are  daily  perpetrated  now,  especially  in 
the  departments  of  morals,  religion,  church 
extension.  In  drawing  up  a  report,  or 
preparing  an  address,  one  finds  it  in  the 
line  of  his  argument  to  state,  in  round 
numbers,  what  proportion  of  the  people 
in  a  certain  city  or  section  of  the  country, 
stay  away  from  church  on  the  Sabbath. 
Now,  there  are  three  several  ways  in 
which  he  may  attempt  to  get  the  data. 
He  may  canvass  the  city  throughout ;  or 
he  may  count  a  congregation  or  two,  here 
and  there,  and  work  out  the  rest  by  the 
"  Rule  of  Three ; "  or,  which  is  still  easier, 
and  therefore  more  likely  to  be  the  way 
adopted,  he  may  find,  by  hunting  among 
files  of  old  newspapers,  an  estimate  ready 
to  his  hand,  which  has  been  the  rounds 
before — perhaps  more  than  once.  And 
without  knowing  on  what  authority  it  is 
based,  or  whether  it  have  any  basis  in 
fact,  he  takes  the  figures,  and  by  a  sur-  \ 
prisingly  short  process  of  addition,  sub- 
traction, multiplication  or  division,  shows 
— no  matter  what  he  shows — as  the  result 
of  such  a  statistical  calculation.  It  may 
be  that  he  has  cyphered  New  England 
into  heathenism  ;  it  may  be  that  he  has 
cyphei'ed  her  out  of  it.  No  matter  which, 
in  the  view  of  considerate  persons.  This 
careless  manner  of  gathering  the  facts 
pertaining  to  such  subjects,  and  this  reck- 
less way  of  using  them,  (even  by  ortho- 
dox ministers,)  if  applied  to  vital  statistics, 
would  break  up  every  life-insurance  com- 
pany in  the  land  ;  for  it  would  destroy  all 
confidence  in  their  calculations  of  life's 


178 


Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co..  Ct.       [April, 


continuance.  Our  census  returns,  and  company  them,  if  put  together  after  the 
the  statistics  relating  to  the  various  indus-  same  fashion,  would  not  be  deemed  worth 
tral  pursuits  of  the  population  which  ac-     the  paper  on  which  they  were  printed. 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCHES    AND    MINISTERS 
IN  WINDHAM  COUNTY,  CT. 

BY  EEV.  KOBERT  C.  LEARNED,  BERLIN,  CT. 


(Continued 

Chaplix. — This  town  was  incorporated 
May,  1822,  taking  its  territory  chiefly 
from  Mansfield  and  Hampton,  with  a 
small  piece  from  Windham.  An  Eccle- 
siastical Society,  with  the  same  name,  had 
been  incorporated  October,  1809,  and  a 
meeting-house  erected,  which  was  dedi- 
cated September  27,  1815.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Samuel  P.  Williams,  of  Mansfield, 
from  Gen.  xxviii :  1 7. 

The  village  of  Chaplin  is  a  neat  and 
thriving  place,  the  people  being  to  some 
extent  engaged  in  the  making  of  boots 
and  shoes. 

The  Church  was  organized  by  a  Coun- 
cil, convened  at  the  house  of  Rev.  David 
Avery,  in  Chaplin,  May  31,  1810,  and 
was  composed  of  members  from  the 
churches  in  Ashford  and  Mansfield.  It 
was  sometimes  known  as  the  "  Union 
Church  in  Mansfield,"  and  enjoyed,  for  a 
time,  the  ministrations  of  Rev.  David 
Avery,  who  was  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers, having  elsewhere  held  the  office  of 
pastor,  and  also  of  Mr.  Nathan  Grosve- 
nor,  who  having  been  for  a  large  part  of 
his  life  a  merchant,  received  the  approba- 
tion of  Windham  County  Association 
about  the  time  when  this  Church  was 
formed.  The  pastors  settled  over  this 
Church  have  been  the  following : 

^ARED  Andrus, Ord.  Dec.  27,   1820 

Dis.  May  11,  1880 
Lent  S.  Hough, Ord.  Aug.  17,  1831 

Dis.  Dec.  20,  1836 
Erastus  Dickinson,.... Inst.  Oct.  25,  1837 

Dis.  Jan.  2,  1819 
Merrick  Knight, Ord.  May    1,  18o0 

Dis.  Dec.  21,  1852 
Joseph  W.  Backus, Inst.  Jan.  23,  1856 

Dis.   Jan.     1,  1858 

Francis  Williams, Inst.  Feb.  24,  1858 


from  p.  28.) 

Rev.  Jared  Axdrus  was  born  at 
Bolton,  Ct.,  May,  1784,  the  son  of  Elisha 
and  Mary  (Skinner)  Andrus.  His  pa- 
rents were  highly  respectable,  though  in 
retired  life.  At  the  age  of  thirty,  he 
made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  was 
then  encouraged  to  prepare  himself  for 
the  ministry.  After  long  hesitancy,  he 
appealed  on  this  subject  to  the  decision  of 
the  lot.  Having  studied  theology  with 
his  pastor,  Rev,  P.  Parmelee,  he  was 
licensed  in  1819,  and  soon  began  to  sup- 
ply the  pulpit  at  Chaplin,  where  he  was 
ordained,  first  pastor  of  the  Church,  Dec. 
27,  1820. 

Here  he  labored  faithfully,  till  May  11, 
1830,  after  which  he  supplied  the  Church 
in  Bozrah  a  year  or  more,  and  then  re- 
moved to  North  Madison,  where  he  was 
installed  pastor,  June  21,  1832.  On  the 
first  Sabbath  of  1832,  he  had  preached 
with  great  earnestness  from  the  text, 
"  This  year  thou  shalt  die,"  and  on  the 
eleventh  day  of  November,  of  the  same 
year,  he  died  of  a  disease  of  the  kidneys. 
He  was  regarded  as  a  successful  pastor. 

His  wife,  Sarah  Ann  Hough,  was  mar- 
ried Nov.  21,  1822,  and  survived  him 
about  thirteen  months. 

Rev.  Lent  S.  Hough  was  born  at 
Walllngford,  Jan.  20,  1804, — son  of  Sera- 
jah  and  Elizabeth  S.  (Avery)  Hough ; 
commenced  teaching ;  was  educated  at 
Bangor  and  New  Haven ;  was  ordained 
at  Chaplin,  Aug.  17,  1831,  and  dismissed 
Dec.  20,  1836;  was  installed  at  North 
Woodstock,  Jan.  11,  1837,  and  dismissed 
May  11,  1841,  on  account  of  severe  sick- 
ness, by  which  he  was  for  more  than  a 
year  disabled ;  supplied  for  three  years  at 


I860.]        Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


179 


North  Madison,  and  one  year  at  Bethel : 
came  to  Middletown  (Westfield  Parish,) 
in  1846,  and  was  installed  pastor,  Feb.  10, 
1847,  in  which  charge  he  remains.  Mr. 
Hough  married  Hannah  Smith,  of  North- 
ford,  a  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  Eli  Smith,  and 
has  several  children. 

Rev.  Erastus  Dickinson,  was  born 
at  Plainfield,  Ms.,  April  1,  1807,  son  of 
Ebenezer  and  Elizabeth  (Vining)  Dick- 
inson;  graduated  A.  C.  1832;  studied 
theology  with  Rev.  Dr.  Packard,  of  Shel- 
burne ;  was  ordained  at  Canton,  Ms., 
Sept.  9,  183.5  ;  dismissed  June,  1837;  was 
installed  at  Chaplin,  Oct.  25,  1837,  and 
dismissed  Jan.  2,  1849  ;  was  installed  at 
Colchester,  Oct.  22,  1851,  and  dismissed 
in  Sept.  1855  ;  was  installed  at  Sudbury, 
Ms.,  May  14,  1856,  where  he  remains. 

Mr.  Dickinson  married  (1)  Maria  E. 
Bowen,  of  Woodstock,  who  died  Feb.  25, 
1850  ;  and  (2)  Lois  Ames,  of  Marshfield, 
Ms.  He  has  three  daughters,  the  eldest 
recently  married  to  Rev.  W.  H.  Ward,  of 
Kansas. 

Rev.  Merrick  Knight  graduated 
A.  C.  1846 ;  studied  theology  at  East 
Windsor ;  was  ordained  at  Chaplin,  May 
1,  1850,  and  dismissed  Dec.  21,  1852  ;  was 
installed  at  Hebron,  June  28,  1854,  and 
there  remains. 

Mr.  Knight  married  Miss  Abby  Ward, 
of  Westford  Parish,  in  Ashford,  and  has 
three  children. 

Rev.  Joseph  W.  Backus  was  born 
at  Franklin,  Feb.  19,  1823,  the  son  ot 
Elijah  and  Joanna  R.  (Ellis)  Backus ; 
graduated  Y.  C.  1846  ;  studied  theology 
at  New  Haven  ;  was  ordained  pastor  at 
Blackstone,  Ms.,  Sept.  29,  1852,  and  dis- 
missed March  26,  1855  ;  installed  at  Chap- 
lin, Jan.  23,  1856,  and  dismissed  Jan.  1, 
1858  ;  installed  at  Leominster,  Ms.,  Jan. 
14,  1858. 

Rev.  Francis  Williams  was  born  in 
Ashfield,  Ms.,  Jan.  2,  1814,  son  of  Fran- 
cis Williams  and  descendant  from  Robert 
Williams,  who  came  from  Norwich,  Eng., 
and  settled  in  Roxbury,  Ms.  He  became 
pious  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  and  joined 


Buckland  Church  ;  graduated  W.  C.  1838, 
and  studied  theology  at  East  Windsor ; 
was  licensed  by  Franklin  County  Associa- 
tion, and  ordained  pastor  Sept.  20,  1841, 
at  Eastford,  from  whence  he  was  dismissed 
for  lack  of  support,  Nov.  12,  1851;  was 
installed  at  Bloomfield,  Dec.  31,  1851, 
and  dismissed  Feb.  2, 1858  ;  was  installed 
at  Chaplin,  (in  the  immediate  neighbor- 
hood of  his  first  charge,)  Feb.  24,  1858, 
where  he  is  now  in  charge.  Married 
Miss  Mahala  R.  Badger,  of  Springfield, 
Ms.,  and  has  had  five  children,  of  whom 
two  are  dead. 


Eastford. — This  town  was  incor- 
porated May,  1847,  this  territory  having 
been  mostly  included  in  a  Society  of  the 
same  name,  in  Ashford.  There  is  a  small 
manufacturing  village  at  the  Center  of  the 
town. 

The  Church  was  formed  Sept.  23,  1778, 
being  the  third  Congregational  Church  in 
Ashford.     It  has  had  these  pastors  : 

Andrew  Jtjdson, Ord.  Dec.    2,  1778 

*        Nov.  15,  1804 

HoLLis  Saiipsox, Inst.  Dec.    6,  1809 

Dis.  May  31,  1816 

Reuben  Torret, Ord.  June   1,  1820 

Dis.   Apr.  29,  1840 

Francis  Williams, Ord.  Sept.  20,  1841 

Dis.  Nov.  12,  1851 

Charles  Chamberlain,  lust.  Apr.  14,  1858 

Between  the  pastorates  of  the  last  two 
gentlemen,  various  clergymen  supplied 
the  pulpit, — as  Rev.  Henry  Hanmer,  Rev. 
William  M.  Birchard,  &c. 

Rev.  Andrew  Judson,  was  born  at 
Stratford,  about  1748, — graduated  D.  C, 
1775,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Church  in  Eastford,  Dec.  2,  1778,  the 
sermon  being  preached  by  his  relative, 
Rev.  Ephraim  Judson,  then  of  Norwich. 
This  charge  he  retained  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  Nov.  15,  1804,  in  the 
56th  year  of  his  age,  and  the  26th  of  his 
ministry.  In  his  early  ministry,  he  en- 
gaged, like  many  Connecticut  pastors,  in 
tours  of  missionary  service  in  the  new  set- 
tlements at  the  north.  In  his  latter  years, 
he  suffered  under  a  chronic  tendency  to 
melancholy. 


180 


Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co..  Ct.       [April, 


He  married,  (1)  Jan.  7, 1779,  Elizabeth 
"Work,  who  died  Jan.  14,  1785,  and  (2) 
March  13,  1775,  Mary  Work,  who  died 
April  9,  1823. 

He  had,  in  all,  four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, of  whom  John  Work  became  an  ap- 
proved preacher,  but  died  before  ordina- 
tion, and  Andrew  Thompson  became  a 
lawyer,  representative  in  Congress,  and 
U.  S.  District  Judge,  dying  at  Canterbury 
in  1853. 

Rev.  HoLLis  Sampson,  was  a  deacon 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  be- 
fore he  received  (May  19,  1809,)  the  ap- 
probation of  the  Windham  County  Associ- 
ation. On  the  6th  of  December,  in  the 
same  year,  he  was  ordained  pastor  at 
Eastford,  and  continued  here  till  May  31, 
1816,  when  he  was  dismissed  without  any 
recommendation.  The  Consociation  af- 
terwards appointed  a  committee  to  con- 
sider his  case,  by  whom,  after  two  meet- 
ings, he  was  deposed  for  "  drinking,  in  spite 
of  a  vow  solemnly  and  publicly  made." 

Nothing  more  is  known  of  him,  though 
he  is  believed  to  have  removed  to  Ver- 
mont, and  to  have  published  a  funeral 
sermon  which  he  preached  in  1817,  at 
Wihnington,  Vt. 

Rev.  Reuben  Tehrey,  was  born  in 
Weymouth,  Ms.,  April  3,  1789,  son  of  Dr. 
James  and  Deborah  Fitch  Terrey, — grad- 
uated, B.  U.,  1816,  united  with  Pacific 
Church,  under  Rev.  Thomas  Williams, 
during  his  College  course, — studied  the- 
ology with  Rev.  Dr.  Park,  Professor  in 
Brown  University,  was  licensed  by  the 
Consociation  of  Rhode  Island,  preached 
in  Fall  River,  Topsfield,  Salem,  East 
Randolph,  Princeton,  Ms.,  and  in  Plain- 
field,  Ct. — begun  his  labors  in  Eastford, 
in  the  autumn  of  1819,  was  ordained  pas- 
tor, June  1,  1820,  held  his  charge  until 
April  29,  1840,  when  he  was  dismissed, 
was  installed  again  at  Prospect,  June, 
1843,  where  he  remained  five  years,  next 
supplied  at  North  Madison,  four  years, 
was  installed  again  Nov.  17,  1852,  over 
the  Church  in  Elmwood,  Providence,  R. 
I.,  where  he  now  remains. 


Married  Ann,  daughter  of  Moses  Eddy, 
of  Providence,  and  has  five  living  child- 
ren, of  whom  the  two  sons  reside  in  Rox- 
bury,  Ms. 

Rev.  Fraxcis  Williams,  has  been 
already  commemorated  in  an  account  of 
Chaplin,  and  Rev.  Charles  Chamberlain, 
in  a  like  account  of  Ashford,  which  may 
be  seen  p.  265,  vol.  i. 

Hampton. — This  town  was  incorpora- 
ted Oct.,  1786,  the  territory  being  taken 
from  Windham,  Canterbury  and  perhaps 
other  adjoining  towns.  The  village  in 
the  center  is  pleasantly  located  on  high 
ground,  looking  to  the  East,  and  is  adorn- 
ed with  many  neat  residences,  among 
which  is  that  of  Hon.  Chauncy  F.  Cleve- 
land, formerly  Governor  of  the  State.  It 
was  originally  known  as  Windham  Vil- 
lage, to  distinguish  it-  from  the  more  im- 
portant center  of  the  town  of  Windham, 
but  was  sometimes  called  Canada. 

The    Church   was   organized   June   5, 
1723, — being    the      Second    Church    in  . 
AVindham.     It  has  had  the  following  pas- 
tors: 
William  Billings,. 


Samuel  Moseley,  • .  • 
LuDovicus  Weld,... 
Daniel  G.  Sprague, 


Ord.  June    5,  1723 

*  May    20,  1733 
.Old.  May  1-5,  1734 

*  July  26,  1791 

.Old.  Oct.  17,  1792 

Dis.  Mar.     2,  1824 

,Inst.  Mav  26,  1824 

Dis.    Apr.  13,  1839 

Daniel  C.  Frost, Ord.  Sept.  16,  1840 

Dis.    Oct.  19,  1841 

William  Barnes, Ord.  Sept.  21,  1842 

Dis.  Sept.  21,  1847 

George  SoTJLE, Ord.  Oct.  18,  1855 

Between  the  last  two  gentlemen.  Rev. 
Richard  Woodruff,  served  the  Church  as 
minister  several  years. 

Rev.  William  Billings,  was  born  in 
Preston,  Feb.  15,  1697,  the  son  of  William 
and  Prudence  Billings,  and  grandson  of 
William  and  Mary  Billings,  of  Stoning- 
ton.  He  graduated  Y.  C,  1720,  and  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Hamp- 
ton, (then  AVindham  Village,)  June  5, 
1723,  the  same  day  on  which  the  Church 
was  gathered.  His  ministry  was  short, 
being  ended  by  his  death,  May  20,  1733. 
During  these  ten  years,  he  admitted  172 


I860.]        Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


181 


persons  to  the  Church.  In  the  preface  to 
a  sermon  of  his,  published  after  his  death, 
Rev.  Mr.  Hale,  of  Ashford,  says  of  him : 
"  I  have  discerned  his  sweet  Christian  con- 
versation, not  only  among  the  ministers  in 
our  Association  meetings,  but  also  in  some 
measure  amongst  his  own  people,  and  al- 
so very  particularly  in  his  own  family, 
wherein  he  practiced,  in  a  very  eminent 
degree  and  manner.  In  his  last  sickness, 
he  gave  tokens  of  finishing  his  course  in 
a  right  Christian  manner,  though  sorely 
oppressed  with  the  distemper  in  the  last 
week,  even  unto  his  being  very  delirious, 
and  that  happened  before  many  of  his 
neighbors  among  his  own  people,  or  his 
bi'other  ministers,  or  his  distant  relatives 
were  sensible  of  his  being  so  dangerously 
ill."  The  sermon  alluded  to,  was  preach- 
ed on  the  same  day  of  the  Annual  Fast, 
April  IS,  1733,  and  is  the  only  known 
production  of  his  extant.  It  gives  a  plea- 
sing impression  of  his  mental  and  moral 
qualities. 

^Ir.  Billings  married  Bethiah,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Otis,  of  New  London,  and  had 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  His  widow 
became  the  wife  of  his  successor  in  the 
pastorate. 

Rev.  Samuel  Moseley,  was  born  at 
Dorchester,  Ms.,  August  15,  1708,  son  of 
Ebenezer  and  Hannah  (Weeks)  Moseley, 
and  great  grandson  of  John  Moseley,  or 
Maudesley,  from  White  Hill,  Lancashire, 
England.  He  was  graduated  H.  C,  1729, 
ordained  pastor  of  the  Second  Church  in 
Windham  (now  Hampton)  May  15,  1734, 
and  held  this  office  till  his  death,  July  26, 
1791,  in  his  83d  year.  For  some  years 
previous  to  his  death,  he  was  much  disa- 
bled by  paralysis  and  rheumatism,  from 
which  he  suffered  distressing,  and  at  times, 
excruciating  pains.  His  patience,  under 
these  disorders,  was  exemplary,  and  his 
diligence  in  improving  his  remaining  op- 
portunities to  do  good  service  to  the  cause 
of  religion,  was  remarkable.  He  was 
honored  as  an  accomplished  gentleman 
and  scholar,  a  sound  and  skilful  divine. 
Such  Is,  In  brief,  the   testimony  of  Rev. 


Dr.  Cogswell,  In  his  funeral  sermon,  and 
of  Dr.  Harris,  in  his  history  of  Dorchester. 
No  publications  of  his,  have  been  heard  of 
by  the  writer. 

He  was  married  twice,  (1)  to  Mrs.  Be- 
thiah (Otis)  Billings,  and  (2)  to  Mrs.  Ma- 
ry (Clark)  Gay  lord,  and  had  by  his  first 
wife  seven  children, — by  his  second,  five. 
His  oldest  son,  Ebenezer,  (Y.  C,  1763,) 
was  ordained  as  a  Missionary  to  the  Indi- 
ans in  1772,  but  returned  to  his  native 
parish,  where  he  spent  a  long  life.  His 
youngest  son,  William,  was  a  lawyer  in 
Hartford. 

Rev.  LuDOvicus  Weld,  was  born  at 
Braintree,  Ms.,  Sept.  12,  1766,  son  of 
Rev.  Ezra  and  Anna  (Weld)  Weld,  was 
graduated  H.  C,  1789,  taught  school  in 
Cambridge,  studied  theology  with  his 
father,  commenced  preaching  at  Epping, 
N.  H.,  where  he  received  a  call.  He  was 
ordained  at  Hampton,  Oct^  17,  1792,  af- 
ter preaching  there  a  year  previous.  He 
retained  this  charge  until  infirmities, 
brought  on  by  sedentary  habits,  induced 
him  to  seek  a  dismission,  which  he  obtained 
March  2,  1824.  He  removed  first  to  Fa- 
blus,  N.  Y.,  In  which  place  and  vicinity, 
he  ministered  to  vacant  churches,  for  sev- 
eral years.  In  1842,  he  purchased  a  res- 
idence near  his  son,  Theodore,  In  Bell- 
vllle,  N.  J.,  where  he  died  Oct.  9,  1844, 
aged  78  j'ears.  His  character  from  early 
life  was  manly  and  upright ;  his  mental 
abilities  superior,  so  that  he  was  esteemed 
one  of  the  foremost  men  of  his  day  In  that 
region  of  country,  being  especially  noted 
for  his  skill  in  composing  sermons.  He  is 
remembered  still  with  much  esteem.  He 
published  a  Fast  day  sermon  in  1804,  a 
funeral  sermon  in  1807,  and  an  election 
sermon  in  1821. 

He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr. 
John  Clark,  of  Lebanon,  and  had  Lewis, 
Y.  C,  1818,  Principal  of  American  Asy- 
lum for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  died  1853. 
Charles  H.,  graduated  Y.  C,  1822  ;  Ezra 
G.,  a  physician  in  New  Hampshire ;  The- 
odore D.,  once  famous  as  an  Orator  on 
Slavery  and  other  subjects,  and  Cornelia 


182 


Churches  and  3Iinistcrs  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.      [April, 


E.  Mrs.  Weld  died  at  Belleville,  N.  J., 
in  1853,  much  distinguished  for  her  excel- 
lencies of  character. 

Rev.  Daniel  Greex  Sprague,  was 
born  in  Killinglj^,  July  8,  1796,  son  of 
Dan'l,  and  descendant  of  Edw'd  Sprague, 
from  Dorsetshire,  England.  He  prepared 
for  College  at  Plainfield  Academy,  grad- 
uated B.  U.,  1819,  studied  theology  at 
Andover,  was  licensed  May,  1822,  by 
Wuidham  County  Association,  and  or- 
damed  in  the  following  October,  by  the 
Consociation  of  the  same  County  at  Mans- 
field, as  an  Evangelist.  He  then  labored 
one  year  as  a  Missionary  of  the  Connecti- 
cut Missionary  Society,  in  the  States  of 
Missouri  and  Illinois.  Returning,  he 
preached  in  Hampton  during  the  winter 
of  1823-4,  and  was  installed  May  26, 
1824,  from  which  charge  he  was  dismissed 
April  13,  1839, — installed  at  Colchester, 
(West  Chester  Society)  July  4,  1839,  he 
was  again  dismissed  in  January,  1844, 
and  in  December  following  was  once  more 
installed  at  South  Orange,  N.  J.,  in  which 
charge  he  remains. 

He  married  (1)  Lucy,  daughter  of  Gen. 
James  Donelson,  and  (2)  Caroline  Wood, 
widow  of  Jay  White,  Esq.,  of  Amherst, 
Ms.,  and  had  seven  children,  of  whom  the 
oldest  survivor  is  a  graduate  of  Amherst 
College.  Published  a  sermon  preached 
at  Hampton. 

Rev.  Daniel  Clark  Frost  was  born 
at  Canterbury,  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Louisa  (Clark)  Frost;  was  ordained  at 
Hampton,  Sept.  16,  1840,  and  dismissed 
Oct.    19,    1841;    afterwards   installed   at 

Poultney,  Vt.,  and  dismissed ; 

has  been  employed  as  a  preacher  or 
teacher  In  Northfield,  Ms.,  and  in  other 
places.  Now  resides  at  West  Killingly. 
Married  Miss  Berry,  of  Glenn's  Falls, 
N.  Y. 

Rev.  William  Barnes  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  O.,  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Sarah  (Evans)  Barnes;  was  educated  a 
Methodist ;  converted  while  studying  for 
the  legal  profession,  at  Milan,  O.,  in  1833, 
and  joined  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 


that  town  ;  was  graduated  Y.  C.  1839  ; 
taught  an  Academy  at  Southold,  L.  I. ; 
studied  theology  at  East  Windsor,  appro- 
bated by  New  London  Association  ;  or- 
dained pastor  at  Hampton,  Sept.  21, 1842, 
and  dismissed  Sept.  21, 1847  ;  was  installed 
at  Foxboro',  Ms.,  Dec.  15,  1847,  and  dis- 
missed on  account  of  ill  health,  about  1853  ; 
has  since  resided  in  Ohio  and  Illinois. 

Married  Eunice  Alvord,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  Taylor,  of  Manchester,  and  has 
had  children.  (See  History  of  Mendon 
Association.) 

Rev.  George  Soule  was  born  in 
Willington,  Oct.  12,  1823  ;  a  descendant 
of  George  Soule,  who  came  over  with 
Gov.  Carver, in  the  Mayflower;  graduated 
A.  C.  1847;  taught  in  New  London  and 
Natchez,  Miss. ;  studied  theology  at  East 
Windsor  and  New  York  City;  was  li- 
censed In  1850,  by  Windham  Association  ; 
preached  In  Ashford  about  sixteen  months, 
and  then  removed  to  Hampton,  where  he 
was  ordained,  Oct.  18, 1855,  and  still  re- 
mains. Married,  Oct.  19,  1858,  Caroline 
R.,  daughter  of  Col.  A.  M.  Litchfield,  of 
Hampton. 


Killingly. — This  town  was  Incor- 
porated May,  1708,  including  most  of  the 
territory  now  comprising  the  towns  of 
Putnam  and  Thompson.  It  is  still  large 
In  extent,  and  Includes  several  manufac- 
turing villages,  of  which  that  known  as 
West  Killingly,  around  the  railroad  sta- 
tion at  Danielsonvllle,  is  one  of  the  largest 
In  the  County. 

The  history  of  the  churches  in  this 
town  has  been  somewhat  peculiar.  The 
original  Church  is  not  now  included  with- 
in the  town,  but  Is  known  as  the  Church 
in  East  Putnam.  It  was  organized  In 
1715,  but  after  the  dismission  of  Its  first 
pastor.  Rev.  John  Fisk,  became  divided. 
A  part  of  the  people  erected  a  house  of 
worship  on  Break-Neck  Hill,  (so  called,) 
which  was  afterwards  removed  to  the 
center  of  the  town,  and  has  been  since 
converted  into  a  town-house.  Over  the 
part  of  the  Church  worshipping  in  this 


I860.]        Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


183 


house,  sometimes  known  as  the  South 
Church,  two  pastors  were  successively 
settled. 

Nehemiah  Barker, Ord. 1746 

Dis. 1755 

Edex  Burroughs, Orel.  Jan.  23,  1760 

Dis. 1771 

After  Mr.  Burroughs'  dismission,  the 
congregation  became  scattered,  the  Church 
was  virtually  dissolved,  and  the  records 
were  at  last  destroyed  by  fire,  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Danielsonville. 

Rev.  Nehemiah  Barker  was  born 
about  1720;  graduated  Y.  C.  1742,  and 
was  A.  M.  in  course  ;  was  ordained  in 
Killingly,  about  1746,  and  dismissed  in 
1 755  ;  was  invited  to  settle  in  Ashford,  in 
April,  1756,  but  removed  to  Long  Island, 
where,  in  June,  1757,  he  was  invited  to 
take  the  joint  charge  of  a  Church  in 
(Mattatuck)  Southold,  and  another  in 
Lower  Aquebogue.  In  October,  1759,  he 
had  leave  of  Presbytery  to  return  to  New 
England,  but  continued  in  charge  till 
1766, — and  then  confined  his  labors  to 
Mattatuck,  until  he  died,  March  10,  1772, 
aged  52. 

Mr.  Barker  married,  1746,  Elizabeth 
Chandler,  of  Woodstock,  who,  after  Ids 
death,  married  his  successor  In  the  pas- 
torate. Rev.  John  Davenport. 

Rev.  Eden  Burroughs,  D.D.,  was 
born  at  Stratford,  Jan.  19,  1738;  was 
graduated  Y.  C.  1757.  Having  taught 
school  one  year  on  Long  Island,  and 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  Ephraim  Jud- 
son,  of  Taunton,  Ms.,  he  came  to  Kil- 
lingly in  August,  1759.  Here  he  was 
ordained,  Jan.  23,  1760,  as  Mr.  Barker's 
successor,  and  during  a  ministry  of  more 
than  twelve  years,  received  twenty  per- 
sons to  the  communion.  Dismissed  hence 
in  1771,  he  declined  a  call  to  Hopklnton, 
Ms.,  and  was  settled  Sept.  1,  1772,  at 
East  Hanover,  near  Dartmouth  College, 
where  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed  to 
the  reviving  of  religion  ;  but  he  expe- 
rienced, meanwhile,  bitter  trials,  by  the 
loss  of  some  of  his  children  and  the  bad 
conduct  of  a  son.  In  1809,  he  was  dis- 
missed from  that  charge,  and  became  pas- 


tor of  the  College  Church.  In  November, 
1810,  he  removed  across  the  river  to  Hart- 
ford, Vt.,  where  part  of  his  Church  lived, 
and  there  he  died.  May  22,  1813,  aged 
75  years.  He  was  an  eminently  pious 
man,  and  highly  respected  ;  "  had  an  ex- 
tensive and  correct  knowledge  of  the 
word,  and  used  It  effectually  for  the  con- 
version of  sinners  and  the  consolation  of 
saints;" — such  Is  the  testimony  of  Prof. 
Woodward,  in  a  sermon  at  his  funeral. 

He  was  Trustee  of  Dartmouth  College 
from  1773  to  1813,  and  received  from 
that  institution  a  Doctorate  of  Divinity. 
-  He  married  Abigail  Davis,  of  Oxford, 
Ms.,  who  died  a  few  months  before  her 
husband,  of  the  same  malignant  fever. 
They  had.  In  all,  eight  children,  of  whom 
three  were  burled  Sept.  1775,  in  one 
grave.  The  only  surviving  son,  Stephen, 
became  a  most  notorious  rogue. 

After  the  decay  of  Mr.  Burroughs' 
Church,  it  was  thought  desirable  to  organ- 
ize a  new  Church,  which  should  occupy, 
in  some  degree,  the  same  ground  ;  a  new 
house  of  worship  was  therefore  erected,  to 
the  Southwest  of  the  Center,  In  a  part  of 
the  town  called  Westfield.  Here  worship 
was  maintained  for  about  half  a  century, 
until  the  growth  of  the  village  around  the 
railroad  station  induced  the  erection  of 
the  present  elegant  and  commodious  struc- 
ture, half  a  mile  Southwest  of  the  old 
house. 

This  Church  (West  Killingly,)  was 
formed  Aug.  25,  1801,  and  has  had  the 
following  successive  pastors. 

Gordon  Johxson, Ord.  Dec.  12,  1804 

Dis.   Jan.  18,  1809 

RosAVELL  "WHiTMORE,....Ord.  Jan.  13,  1813 
Dis.   May    2.  1843 

Thomas  O.  Rice, Ord.  Jan.    1,  1845 

Dis.  Mar.  25,  18-56 

Thomas  T.  "Waterman,. Inst.  Jan.  20,  1858 

Rev.  Gordon  Johnson  was  born  at 

Farmlngton,  Aug.  1766;  was  graduated 
W.  C.  1798;  studied  theology  with  Dr. 
Emmons, — and  after  preaching  a  while, 
came  to  Killingly  in  the  Fall  of  1804,  and 
was  ordained  pastor  Dec.  12,  1804,  from 
which  charge  he  was  dismissed  Jan.  18, 


184 


Churches  and  llmisters  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.       [April, 


1809  ;  after  which,  he  supplied  other  pul- 
pits for  longer  or  shorter  periods,  but  was 
never  settled  again.  He  died  at  his  resi- 
dence in  West  Killingly,  April  25,  1823, 
aged  5G.  He  was  a  man  of  good  charac- 
ter, but  of  moderate  abilities.  "  He  wished 
well  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  labored  to 
the  extent  of  his  ability  to  promote  it ; 
but  his  judgment  did  not  always  guide 
him  wisely.  His  piety  appeared  at  no 
time  to  greater  advantage  than  after  his 
dismission."  Dr.  Dow  preached  his  funeral 
sermon  from  Is.  Ivii.  2  :  "  He  shall  enter 
into  peace." 

He  married  (1)  Elizabeth  Rawson,  of 
Milford,  and  (2)  Luna  Gillett,  sister  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Gillett,  of  Maine. 

Three  sons  and  two  daughters  survived 
him.  The  eldest  son,  Nathaniel  Emmons, 
was  for  some  years  editor  of  the  iV.  Y. 
Evangelist,  and  the  others — Joseph  Raw- 
son  and  Ezra  Gordon — both  became 
preachers. 

Rev.  RoswELL  Whitmore  was  born 
at  Ashford,  his  parents  having  removed 
from  Killingly.  He  supplied  the  pulpit 
in  West  Killingly  a  year  previous  to  his 
ordination,  Jan.  13,  1813.  During  his 
pastorate  of  thirty  years,  he  received  four 
hundred  persons  to  the  Church,  and  bap- 
tized four  hundred  and  twenty ;  solemn- 
ized two  hundred  and  fifty  marriages, 
and  officiated  at  ssven  hundred  and  fifty 
funerals.  There  were  seven  seasons  of 
special  attention  to  religion  in  the  congre- 
gation. 

After  his  dismission,  May  2,  1843,  he 
removed,  for  a  time,  to  Preston,  and 
officiated  as  minister  to  a  Church  in  Long 
Society ;  but  returning  again  to  his  for- 
mer home,  was  invited  to  take  the  charge 
of  a  new  Church  at  Dayville,  formed  out 
of  his  old  parish.  To  them  he  ministered, 
without  being  installed,  as  their  pastor  for 
several  years,  but  has  now  retired  from 
that  service, — yet  continues  to  preach  as 
occasion  calls,  though  now  the  patriarch 
of  the  ministers  of  Windham  County. 

His  wife  was  Miss  Avis  Hutchins,  of 
Killingly  ;  they  have  two  daughters  living. 


Rev.  Thomas  O.  Rice  was  born  at 
Ashby,  Ms.,  Aug.  19,  1815;  was  grad- 
uated A.  C.  1839  ;  taught  in  Greenfield 
and  Pittsfield,  Ms. ;  studied  theology  at 
East  Windsor ;  was  ordained  pastor  at 
West  Killingly,  Jan.  1,  1845,  and  dis- 
missed March  25,  1856.  Since  then,  he 
has  been  stated  supply  at  Rockville,  and 
at  Chelsea,  Ms.,  and  pastor  at  Brighton, 
Ms.  He  has  lately  accepted  a  call  to 
become  pastor  of  the  Circular  Congrega- 
tional Church,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

He  has  been  twice  married ;  (1)  to 
Mary  C.  Washburn,  of  Pittsfield,  Ms.,  and 
(2)  to  Margaret  Mann,  of  Boston.  Has 
had  two  daughters,  of  whom  one  has  died. 
Has  published  occasional  addresses,  ser- 
mons, &c. 

During  the  Great  Awakening  of  the 
last  century,  a  separation  took  place  from 
the  Congregational  Church  in  this  town, 
and  a  new  Church  was  tlius  organized, 
about  1745,  which  afterwards  came  into 
fellowship  with  the  Regular  Congrega- 
tional churches,  and  was  known  as  the 
Church  in  South  Killingly.  It  has,  how- 
ever, become  greatly  reduced  in  numbers 
and  strength,  so  that  its  house  of  worship 
has  been  at  last  opened  to  the  use  of 
another  denomination.  It  has  had  these 
pastors. 

Samuel  WADSWOKTH,...Ord.  June  3,  1747 

* 1762 

Eliphalet  Wright,.... Ord.  May  16,  17Go 
*        Aug.  4,  1784 

Israel  Day, Ord.  June  1,  1785 

Dis.   May  23,  1826 

Joseph  Aver, Inst.  Jan.  22,  1851 

Dis.    Mar.  25,  1856 

Between  the  last  two  pastorates,  the 
Church  was  supplied,  at  diffiirent  times, 
by  Rev.  George  Langdon,  Isaac  C.  Day, 
John  N.  Whipple,  and  others. 

Rev.  Samuel  Wadsoutii  was  born 
at  Milton,  Ms.,  July  23,  1720,  son  of  Dea. 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Vose)  Wadsworth. 
In  1744,  he  resided  at  Canterbury,  where 
his  elder  brother  had  been  pastor,  and 
there  took  part  with  the  opponents  of  IMr. 
Cogswell.  He  was  invited,  April  27, 
1747,  to  take  charge  of  the  Church  re- 
cently  formed   by    Separates,    In    South 


I860.]        Churches  and  Ilmintcrs  in  Windham  Co.,  Ci.  185 


Killingly,  and  was  oidained  pastor,  June 
3, 1747  ;  Sermon  by  Rev.  Matthew  Smith, 
pastor  in  Stonington ;  Charge  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Snow,  pastor  in  Providence; 
Right  Hand,  by  Ebenezer  Cleaveland, 
member  of  Canterbury  Church, — Isaac 
Backus,  of  Norwich,  and  Oliver  Prentice, 
of  Stonington,  assisting  Mr.  Snow  in 
ordaining  him.  He  is  described,  about 
this  time,  by  one  of  his  KilHngly  friends, 
"  as  a  man  of  an  excellent  gift  in  prayer, 
very  fervent  and  very  gifted  in  exhorta- 
tion ;  his  preaching  as  small,  yet  apt  in 
many  expressions  ;  his  conduct  extraordi- 
narily religious,  and  his  conversation  very 
heavenly  and  good."  He  held  his  office 
here  until  his  death,  in  1762,  notwith- 
standing some  complaints  and  troubles. 
He  married  (1)  Mary  Marsh  ;  (2)  Eliza- 
beth Warren ;  and  had,  in  all,  five  chil- 
dren. 

Rev.  Elipiialet  Wright  came  from 
Mansfield  to  Killingly,  in  1 764,  and  was 
ordained  over  the  Separate  Church,  May 
16,  1765  ;  Sermon  by  Elder  John  Fuller, 
of  Norwich.  ]\Ir.  Wright  is  described  as 
a  very  regular  and  worthy  minister,  and 
seems  to  have  been  successful  in  his  la- 
bors. In  1776-7,  a  revival  brought  fifty 
persons  into  the  Church.  He  carried  on, 
during  his  pastorate,  his  original  trade  of 
saddler  and  harness-maker.  During  the 
war,  his  only  son  was  drafted  to  repel  the 
British,  when  he  took  the  place  himself, 
and  started  for  the  shore  ;  but  was  stopped 
at  Phiinfield,  with  the  news  of  the  enemy's 
withdrawal, — whereupon  he  preached  for 
Mr.  Fuller.  He  died  Aug.  4,  1784,  in 
the  56th  year  of  his  age.  He  married  (1) 
Lydia,  and  (2)  Hannah  Marsh,  and  had 
nine  children.  He  published  a  sermon 
on  the  death  of  two  young  men,  by  camp 
distemper. 

Rev.  Israel  Day  was  born  at  Attle- 
boro',  Ms.,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Bethuel 
(Everest)  Day ;  but  removed  with  his 
parents,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  to  South 
Killingly,  where  he  was  hopefully  con- 
verted. Here  he  became  a  teacher  of 
common  schools,  in  which  work  he  was 


engaged  after  his  ordination.  Being  a 
ready  exhorter,  he  was  encouraged  to 
study  theology  with  Rev.  Eben  Bradford, 
of  Rowley,  I\ls.,  and  supplied,  for  a  sea- 
son, the  Church  in  Lanesboro',  Ms.,  where 
he  was  invited  to  settle.  But  visiting  his 
friends  in  Killingly,  he  was  invited  to 
take  charge  of  the  Church  there,  within  a 
week  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Wright.  He 
was  ordained  June  1,  1785  ;  Sermon  by 
Mr.  Bradford.  In  this  office  he  continued, 
until  May  23,  1826,  when  he  Avas  dis- 
missed. He  resided  in  Killingly  until  his 
death,  Dec.  10,  1831.  A  funeral  sermon 
was  preached  by  Dr.  Dow,  from  Ps.  1. :  5. 

His  figure  was  tall  and  erect ;  his  pre- 
sence commanding.  He  preached  irom 
short  notes  ;  dwelt  much  on  the  doctrines 
of  grace,  and  excelled  in  the  adaptation 
of  truth  to  particular  occasions  and  events. 
He  acquired  great  influence  at  home,  and 
was  respected  by  his  brother  ministers,  to 
whom  he  was  inferior  in  learning.  In 
1799,  he  was  admitted  unanimously  into 
the  Clerical  Association  of  the  County. 

His  salary  never  exceeded  Si 25,  and 
he  eked  out  his  support  by  the  manage- 
ment of  a  farm.  His  ministry  was  at- 
tended with  God's  blessing.  In  1788, 
there  were  forty  persons  received  at  one 
time.  In  1800-2,  there  was  a  revival, 
which  brought  in  sixty-four. 

A  full  account  of  these  revivals,  by  Mr. 
Day,  may  be  found  in  the  third  volume  of 
the  Connecticut  Evangelical  Magazine. 
He  published  also  a  sermon  at  the  funeral 
of  Mrs.  Cynthia  Day. 

Mr.  Day  married  (1)  Mary  Wilson,  of 
Sterling,  and  had  four  sons  and  one 
daughter,  all  of  whom  became  reputable 
men  and  women ;  and  (2)  Widow  Zer- 
ulah  Fuller,  of  Windham. 

Rev.  Joseph  Ayer  was  born  at  North 
Stonington,  May  19,  1793,  son  of  Dea. 
Joseph  and  Bridget  (Hull)  Ayer;  studied 
with  Dr.  Nott,  of  Franklin ;  graduated 
B.  U.  1823  ;  read  theology  with  Rev.  Mr. 
Tuttle,  of  Ledyard,  and  was  licensed  by 
the  New  London  Association.  He  com- 
menced labor  in  his  native  place,  and  was 


VOL.  II. 


24 


186 


Congregational  Theological  Seminaries. 


[April, 


ordained  June  29,  1825,  pastor  of  the 
Regular  Congregational  Church,  and  also 
of  the  Strict  or  Separate  Church.  In 
1827,  the  two  churches  were  harmoniously 
united.  In  1837,  he  was  dismitsed  from 
this  charge,  and  installed  at  Lisbon  (Han- 
over,) Sept.  20,  1837.  In  June,  1848,  he 
was  dismissed  hence,  and  soon  removed  to 
South  Killingly,  where  he  labored  (being 
installed  Jan.  22,  1851,)  until  his  dismis- 
sion,  March   25,   1856.     He    was  again 


installed,  June  16,  1857,  pastor  at  East 
Lyme,  where  he  now  labors. 

He  married  Frances  M.  Rogers,  of 
Stonington,  in  1825,  and  has  had  two 
children  ;  one  of  whom,  Rev.  Charles  L. 
Ayer,  is  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Volun- 
town  and  Sterling, — and  the  other,  Fran- 
ces Amelia,  died  in  1853,  aged  fourteen. 
A  memoir,  by  her  parents,  is  published 
by  the  Massachusetts  Sabbath  School 
Society. 


CONGREGATIONAL  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES,  FOR  1860. 


COMPILED    BT    REV.    H.    M.    DEXTER. 


As  a  matter  of  convenience  to  many, 
and  of  interest  to  all,  we  continue  the 
record  last  year  commenced,  of  Professors 
and  Students  in  the  American  Theologi- 
cal Seminaries  in  connection  with  the 
Congregational  churches;  by  compiling, 
from  the  Catalogues  of  the  several  Insti- 
tutions, and  from  information  specially 
furnished,  where  Catalogues  have  not,  as 
yet,  been  published,  the  following  schedule 
of  the  names  of  those  who  are  now  con- 
nected with  them.  In  the  lists  of  Profes- 
sors, all  honorary  titles  are  omitted,  be- 
cause we  have  not  full  information  on 
that  point. 

The  following  abbreviations  of  names 
of  Colleges  occur  in  the  list : 

Al.C.  Alleghany  College,  Pa. 

A.C.  Amherst  College,  Ms. 

Bel.C.  Beloit  College,  Wis. 

B.C.  Bowdoin  College,  Me. 

B.U.  Brown  University,  ll.I. 

B.C.  Dartmouth  College,  N.H. 

F.C.  Farmer's  College. 

F.C.C.  Free  Church  College. 

Ham.C.  Hamilton  College,  N.Y. 

H.C.  Harvard  College,  Ms. 

la.C.  Iowa  College,  Iowa. 

Ill.C.  Illinois  College,  III. 

K.C.  Knox  College,  111. 

L.U.  London  University,  England. 

M.U.  Madison  University,  N.Y. 

Mar.C.  Marietta  College,  Ohio. 

M.C.  Middlebury  College,  Tt. 

M.I.  Methodist  Institute. 

N.J.C.  New  Jersey  College,  N.J. 

N.Y.F.A.  New  York  Free  Academy,  N.Y. 

O.C.  Oberlin  College,  Ohio. 


R.U.  Rochester  University,  N.Y. 

U.C.  UnioQ  College,  N.Y. 

U.M.  University  of  Michigan. 

U.Vt.  University  of  Vermont,  Vt. 

Wab.C.  Wabash  College,  Ind. 

Wat.C.  Waterville  College,  Me. 

AV.R.C.  Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio. 

AV.C.  Williams  College,  Ms. 

W.U.  Wesleyan  University,  Ct. 

Y.C.  Yale  College,  Ct. 

I.— THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  BANGOR,  Me. 

Faculty. 
Rev.  Enoch  Pond,  President,  Professor  of  Ecclesias- 
tical History,  and  Lecturer  on  Pastoral  Duties. 
Rev.  Geoege  Shepard,  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric. 
Rev.  Daniel  Talcott  Smith,  Professor  of  Sacred  Lit- 
erature. 
Rev.  Samuel  Harris,  Professor  of  Christian  Theol- 
ogy- 

Resident  Licentiate. 
Name.  Residence.        Col.  Sent. 

Edwin  P.  Parker,  Belfast,  Me.      B.C.        Bangor. 

(1) 

Senior  Class. 

Names  and  Residence.  Graduated. 

Daniel  E.  Adams,  Keene,  N.  H. 

Smith  Baker,  Jr.,  Litchfield,  Me. 

Samuel  D.  Bowker,  Biddeford,  Me. 

Lewis  0.  Brastow,  Brewer,  Me.  B.C.  1857 

John  W.  Chiekering,  Portland,  Me.  B.C.  1852 

Walter  E.  Darling,  St.  Stephens,  N.  B.  B.C.  1857 

Andrew  Fosdick,  Merrimack,  N.  H. 

David  S.  Hibbard,  Lisbon,  N.  H.  B.C.  1857 

S.  C.  Uiggins,  Thorndike,  Me.  

Rowland  B.  Howard,  Leeds,  Mo.  B.C. 

Benjamin  W.  Pond,  Baugor,  Me.  B.C. 

George  A.  Putnam,  Dunbarton,  N.  H.  U  C. 

Charles  Whittier,  S.  Amesbury,  Ms.  U.C. 
(13) 

Middle  Class. 

Ebenezer  Bean,  Conway,  N.  H.  B.C.  1857 

Charles  F.  Boynton,  Wiscasset,  Me. 

James  P.  Chamberlain,  Honolulu,  S.  I.  M'.C.  1858 

C.  R.  Daggett,  Greene,  Me.  


1856 

1857 


1856 


I860.] 


Congregational  Theological  Seminaries. 


187 


B.C. 
B.C. 
A.C. 
B.C. 
B.C. 
B.C. 
B.C. 


1855 
1857 

1858 
1858 
1856 


^Vat.C.  1858 


D.C. 
M.C. 


1859 
1859 


A.C.  1859 


Bel.C. 

Wat.C. 

B.C. 


1859 
1859 
1859 


Stacy  Fowler,  Maclua.s,  Me. 
Samuel  S.  Gardner,  Brewer,  Me. 
Charles  L.  Nichols,  Stark,  Me. 
George  II.  Pickard,  Danville,  Me. 
Edwin  Keed,  Bath,  Me. 
Isaiah  P.  Smith,  Bridg'on,  Me. 
Samuel  W.  Tenney,  Norridgwock,  Me. 
Horace  Toothaker,  Holden,  Me. 
Jo.seph  Walker,  Portland,  Me. 
G.  C.  Wilson,  Jefferson,  Me. 

(14) 

Junior  Class. 
Edwin  n.  Alden,  Windsor,  Vt. 
J.  G.  Bailey,  Ilardwick,  Vt. 
George  II.  Blake,  Portland,  Me. 
Henry  J.  Bruce,  Springfield,  Ms. 
Samuel  J.  Donelly,  Elktown,  Md. 
Benson  M.  Frink,  N.  Bridgtou,  Me. 
Dennis  C.  Frink,  N.  Bridgton,  Me. 
Alexander  Fuller,  Waterrille,  Me. 
Americus  Fuller,  Jay,  Me. 
W.  H.  Haskell,  Portland,  Me. 
Luther  Kean,  Atkinson,  Me. 
James  M.  Kingsbury,  Tamworth,  N.  H. 
Joseph  Kyte,  Lumberland,  N.  J. 
Thomas  A.  Lewis,  Ware,  Ms. 
B.  F.  Manwell,  Jay,  Me. 
Geo.  N.  Marden,  Winthrop,  Me. 
E.  N.  Kaymond,  Hinesburgh,  Vt. 
George  L.  Roberts,  Gri^gsville,  III. 
Benjamin  P.  Snow,  Westbrook,  Me. 

(19)  Total,  47. 

II.— THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  ANDOVER,  Ms. 

Faculty. 
Rev.  Calvin  E.  Stowe,  Associate  Professor  of  Sacred 
Literature. 

Eev.  Edwards  A.  Park,  Abbot  Professor  of  Christian 

Theology. 
Rev  Elijah  P.  Barrows,  Hitchcock  Professor  of  the 

Hebrew  Language  and  Literature. 
Eev.   Austin  Phelps,   Bartlet    Professor  of   Sacred 

Khetoiic. 
Rev  William  G.  T.  Shedd,  Brown  Professor  of  Eccl. 

History,  and  Lecturer  on  Pastoral  Theology. 


A.C.  1859 


A.C. 

1859 

B.C. 

1859 

Ill.C. 

1859 

B.C. 

1855 

Prof.  William  Russell,  Teacher  of  Elocution. 
Prof.  George  F.  Root,  Teacher  of  Music. 
Resident  Licentlites. 
Names  and  Residence.  Coll.      Scni. 

Nat.  P.  Gilbert,  Mid.  Granville,  N.Y.  U.Vt.  Andnver. 
Henry  L.  Hubbell,  Wilton,  Ct.  Y.C.        do. 

John  W.  Lane,  S.  Newmarket,  N.  H.  A.C. 
Wm.  W.  Livingston.  Potton,  C.  B. 
Edward  B.  Otheman,  Chelsea,  Ms. 
Charles  R.  Palmer,  Albany,  N.Y. 
Albert  B.  Peabody,  Boxford,  Ms. 
Dauiel  Phillips,  Amherst,  Ms. 
Henry  J.  Richardson,  Middleton,  Ms.  A.C 
George  A  Rogers,  Audover,  Ms. 
J.  A.  Koss,  Andover,  Ms. 

(11) 

Resident  Students. 

John  Eaton,  Jr.,  Sutton,  N.  H. 
Alexander  McKei.zie,  Bos'on,  Mg. 
tVm.  S.  Palmer,  Orfordvilie,  N.  H. 
(S) 


A.C. 

do. 

U.Vt. 

do. 

W.U. 

Y.C 

Andover- 

do. 

A.C. 

do. 

.A.C. 

do. 

M.I. 



F.C.C. 



D.C. 

H.C. 

D.C. 

Senior  Class. 

Names  and  Residence.  Graduated. 

Henry  M.  Alden,  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y.  AV.C.  1857 
Samuel  R.  Asbury,  Hanley,  Staff'sh,  Eng.  L.U.  1852 

George  I.  Bard,  Derby,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1857 

James  A.  Bates,  Granby,  Ms.  A.C.  1856 

George  A.  Beckwith,  Salem,  Ct.  A.C.  1857 

George  S.  Bi=coe,  Grafton,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

J.  Quincy  Bittinger,  New  Oxford,  Pa.  D.C.  1857 

Jo.seph  Boardman,  Amesbury,  Ms.  A.C.  1855 

William  0.  Carr,  Derry,  N.  H.  A.C.  1857 

William  Crawford,  B,arre,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

Temple  Cutler,  Hamilton,  Ms.  Mar.C.  1867 

Alonzo  T.  Deming,  Middlebury,  Vt.  M.C.  1854 

John  W.  Dodge,  Newburyport,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

Lewis  Francis,  Burlington,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1856 

A.  L.  Frisbie,  Otisco,  N.  Y.  A.C.  1857 
Simeon  Gilbert,  Jr.,  Mid.  Granville,  N.Y.  U.Vt.  1854 

Edward  N.  Goddard,  Clareniont,  N.  H.  D.C.  1856 

John  E.  Goodrich,  Hinsdale,  Ms.  U.Vt.  1853 

J.  Smedes  Hanna,  New  York  City. 

AVilliam  D.  Herrick,  Methuen,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

Henry  C.  Hitchcock,  Oberlin,  0.  O.C.  1856 

Frank  H.  Johnson,  Boston,  Ms.  H  C.  1856 

James  McIIose,  Molina,  III.  Y.C.  1855 

Peter  McVicar,  Waukesha,  Wis.  B.C.  1856 

Charles  E.  Milliken,  Keene,  N.  H.  D.C.  1857 

Eldridge  Mix,  Atwater,  0.  W.C.  1854 

Bennett  H.  Nash,  Boston,  Ms.  H.C.  1856 

A.  Hastings  Ross,  Winchendon,  Ms.  O.C.  1857 

Samuel  Scoville,  West  Cornwall,  Ct.  Y.C.  1857 

Norman  Seaver,  Andover,  Ms.  AV.C.  1854 

Henry  A.  Stevens,  Georgetown,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

C.  B.  Thomas,  New  Salem,  Ms.  A.C.  1855 

Charles  W.  Thompson,  Montpelier,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1854 

Edward  P.  Walker,  Amesville,  0.  Mar.C.  1856 

Jesse  A.  Wilkins,  Beverh',  Ms.  

Henry  D.  Woodworth,  Andover,  Ms.  A.C.  1856 
(36) 

Middle  Class. 

Charles  F.  Abbott,  Panama,  0.  M.C.  1858 

Lucien  H.  Adams,  Derry,  N.  H.  D.C.  1858 

Walter  S.  Alexander,  Killingly,  Ct. 

William  M.  Barber,  Andover,  Ms. 

Alanson  S.  Barton,  New  Haven,  Vt.  M.C.  1857 

Daniel  Bliss,  Warren,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

Wilham  L.  Bray,  Elk  Grove,  Wis.  A.C.  1858 

Samuel  W.  Brown,  Winchendon,  Ms.  Y.C.  1850 

Andrew  J.  Clapp,  Southampton,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

George  H.  Clark,  Georgia,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1856 

Isaac  Clark,  Ellington,  Ct.  Y.C.  1856 

Joseph  B.  Clark,  West  Newton,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

J.  Calvin  Cutler,  Dorchester,  Ms.  D.C.  1858 

Perley  B.  Davis,  New  Ipswich,  N.  H. 

Henry  A.  Dickinson,  Granby,  Ms.  Y.C.  1855 

Lucius  R.  Eastman,  Jr.,  Needham,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

Alfred  A.  Ellsworth,  Bath,  Me.  A.C.  1858 

Rufus  Emerson,  Haverhill,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

Charles  H.  Hitchcock,  Amherst,  Ms.  A.C.  1856 

John  Milton  Holmes,  Chicago,  111.  Y.C.  1857 

Edward  P.  Hooker,  Castleton,  Vt.  M.C.  1855 

Franklin  C.  Jones,  Southiugton,  Ct.  Y.C.  1857 

J.  Henry  Jones,  Cambridgeport,  Ms.  H.C.  1856 

William  R.  Joyslin,  Lancaster,  N.  H.  D.C.  1858 

John  C.  Labaree,  Middlebury,  Vt.  M.C.  1856 


188 


Congregational  Theological  Seminaries. 


[April, 


Edward  B.  Mason,  Cincinnati,  0.  F.C.  1S58 

Lewis  E.  Matson,  Owego,  N.  Y.  Y.C.  1857 

John  W.  Miller,  Jacksonville,  lU.  III.C.  1858 

rreaeric  A.  Noble,  Oxford,  Me.  Y.C.  1858 

Peter  Nutting,  Mechanic  Falls,  Me. 

Charles  M.  Pierce,  Hinsdale,  Ms.  W.C.  1857 

Joseph  W.  Pickett,  Andover,  O.  Al.C.  1855 

GustaTiis  D.  Pike,  Topsfield,  Ms.  D.C.  1858 
Charles  11.  Pratt,  New  York  City.         N.Y.F.A.  1856 

D.  Warren  Kichanl.son,  Middleton,  Ms.  U.C.  1857 

Lyman  S.  Rowland,  Eufield,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

Daniel  F.  Savage,  Andover,  Ms. 

Samuel  B.  Sherrill,  Eaton,  N.  Y.  A.C.  1858 

John  Whitehill,  Palmer,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

William  B.  Wright,  Cincinnati,  0.  D.C.  1857 

Albert  A.  Young,  Hanover,  N.  H.  DC.  1856 

(41) 

Junior  Class. 

David  M.  Bean,  Sandwich,  N.  U.  Y.C.  1858 

Edwin  Spencer  Beard,  Andover,  Ms.  Y.C.  1859 
Horace  E.  Boardman,  Wtst  Rutland,  Vt.    M.C.  1857 

Nathaniel  G.  Bonney,  Fall  River,  Ms.  B.U.  1856 

Thomas  M.  Boss,  New  London,  Ct.  AC.  1859 

Charles  H.  Boyd,  Francestown,  N.  H.  D.C.  1858 

Edward  L.  Clark,  Boston,  Ms.  B.U.  1858 

Edward  Chase,  Portland,  Me.  U.C.  1859 

George  Constantine,  Athens,  Greece.  A.C.  1859 

Albert  U.  Currier,  Skowhegan,  Me.  B  C.  1857 

B.  Parker  Davis,  Newburyport,  Ms. 

Gilbert  Otis  Fay,  Medway,  Ms.  Y.C.  1859 

William  M.  Gay,  Pittsfield,  Ms.  Y.C.  1855 

William  Gill,  Virginia,  111.  •  lll.C.  18-59 

Henry  A.  Goodhue,  Westminster,  Vt.  D.C.  1857 

Charles  F.  ILand,  Madison,  Ct.  W.C.  1859 

Henry  C.  Haskell,  Huntington,  0.  W.C.  1859 

B.  E.  Herriek,  West  Randolph,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1856 

Charles  Hosford,  Tlietford,  Vt.  D  C.  1859 

James  M  Hubbard,  Boston,  Ms.  Y.C.  1859 

Henry  S.  Huntington,  Cleveland,  0.  Y.C.  18.57 

Enoch  P.  Ladd,  Deertield,  N.  H.  D.C.  1858 

James  A.  Laurie,  Jack.sonville,  111.  W.C.  1859 

Chiirles  H.  Learoyd,  Danvers,  Ms.  H.C.  1858 

George  Henry  Morss,  Charlestown,  Ms. 

Cyrus  P.  Osborne,  East  Boston,  Ms.  H.C.  18.59 
John  A.  Paine,  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.      Ham.C.  18.59 

Albert  Reed,  Jacksonville,  111.  lU.C.  1859 

James  A.  Sanderson,  Pittsfield,  Ms.  D.C.  1859 

William  C.  Sanford,  Orwell,  Vt.  U.Vt.  1854 
H.  A.  Schauffler,  Constantinople,  Turkey.  W.C.  1''59 

J.  Y.  Stanton,  West  Lebanon,  Me.  B.C.  1856 

Gardner  P.  Stickney,  Groveland,  Ms.  A.C.  1858 

Thomas  W.  Thompson,  Worcester,  Ms.  D.C.  1859 
L.  P.  Townsend,  Sanbornton  Bridge,  N.H.  D.C.  1859 

Henry  Upson,  Kensington,  Ct.  Y.C.  1859 

Azel  W.  Wild,  Brookfield,  Vt.  M.C.  1857 

(37)  ToT.\L,  128. 

III.— THEOLOGICAL  DEPARTMENT,  YALE  COL- 
LEGE, New  Haven,  Ct. 

Faculty. 
Rev.  Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  President. 
JosiAH  W.  GiBBS,  Professor  of  Sacred  Literature. 
Rev.  Eleazer  T.  Frrcii,  Lecturer  on  Homiletics. 

,  Profissor  of  the  Pastoral  Charge. 

Rev.  Noah  Porter,  (Acting)  Clark  Professor  of  Moral 
Philosophy  and  Metaphysics. 


Rev.  George  P.  Fisher,  Livingston  Professor  of 
Divinity. 

Timothy  Dwight,  Assistant  Professor  of  Sacred  Liter- 
ature. 

Resident  Licentiates. 

Names  and  Residence.  Grid.  Sem. 

William  A   Bushee,  Worcester,  Ms.  Y.C.  1856  Yale. 

Carroll  Cutler,  Windham,  N.  H.        Y.C.  18.54  do. 

Geo.  A.  Diekerman,  Ilamden,  Ct.      Y.C.  1855  do. 

Wm.  Hutchison,  New  Haven,  Ct.     Y.C.  1854  do. 

Thos.  S   Potwin,  East  Windsor,  Ct.  Y.C.  1852  do. 

Jewett  G.  Smith,  New  Haven,  Ct.        —    —  do. 

P.  F.  Warner,  Strykersville,  N.  Y.    Y.C  1855  do. 

(7) 

Senior  Class. 

Solomon  J.  Douglass,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Joseph  N.  Hallock,  Franklinville,  N.  Y.  Y.C.  1857 

Horace  H.  McFarland,  New  Haven,  Ct.  Y.C.  1853 

Henry  D.  Nathrop,  New  Haven,  Ct.  A.C.  1858 

Wilder  Smith,  Hartford,  Ct.  Y.C.  1857 

(5) 

Middle  Class. 

George  B.  Bacon,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Robert  L.  Braden,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

George  W.  Colman,  Detroit,  Mich.  U.M.  1858 

Edijar  L.  Heermance,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.  Y.VI.  1858 

Philander  II.  Ilollister,  New  Preston,  Ct. 

Daniel  A.  Miles,  Worcester,  Ms.  Y.C.  1858 

Chauncey  D.  Murray,  Madison,  Ct. 

(7) 

Junior  Class. 

Carlos  C.  Carpenter,  Bolton,  Ct.  Y.C.  1859 

Warren  S.  Dutton,  Milford,  Ct. 

George  W.  Fisher,  N.  White  Creek,  N.  Y.    Y.C.  1859 

John  H.  Hewitt,  Preston,  Ct.  Y.C.  1859 

Elijah  F.  Howe,  Grafton,  Ms.  Y.C.  1859 

Charles  B.  Schultz,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Asher  H.  Wilcox,  Norwich,  Ct.  Y.C.  1859 
(7)                        Total,  26. 

IV.— THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE  OF  CONNECT- 
ICUT, East  Windsor  Hill,  Ct. 

Faculty. 

Rev.  AViLLiAM  Thompson,  Nettleton  Professor  of  Bib- 
lical Literature. 

Rev.  Edward  A.  Lawrence,  Waldo  Professor  of  Ec- 
clesiastical History  and  Pastoral  Duty. 

Rev.  Robert  G.  Ver.milye,  Professor  of  Christian 
Theology. 

Resident  Licentl\tes. 

Names  and  Residence.  Coll.  Sem. 

Sumner  Clark,  S.  Natick,  Ms. Theo.Ins. 

W.  A.  Hallock,  New  Haven,  Ct.  A.C.  1855         " 

(2) 

Senior  Class. 

Names  and  Residence.  College. 

D.aniel  Beats,  Charlemont,  JIs.  A.C.  1857 

John  E.  Elliott,  New  London,  Ct.  A.C.  1857 

Austin  Gardner,  East  Windsor  Hill,  Ct.  W.C.  1853 

Henry  W.  Jones,  Hudson,  Mich.  AC.  1857 

Henry  Powers,  New  Salem,  Ms. 

(5) 

Middle  Class. 

Lyman  Bartlett,  North  Iladley,  Ms.  A.C.  18-56 

Walter  Barton,  Granby,  Ms.  A.C.  1856 

Charles  H.  Bissell,  East  Windsor  Hill,  Ct.  W.C.  1858 

James  W.  Grush,  Fall  River,  Ms.  W.C.  1858 

Stephen  Harris,  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H.  A.C.  1858 


I860.] 


Congregational  Theological  Seminaries. 


189 


D.O.  1858 


B.C.  1854 


W.C.  1856 
W.C.  1859 


W.C.  1859 
A.C.  1857 


Samuel  E.  Hoar,  Littleton,  Ms. 

Allien  Ladd,  Johnson,  Vt.  

Edward  A.  Pierce,  Tallmadge,  0.  W.C.  1858 

Thomas  Roberts,  W.  Williamsfield,  0.    W.R.C.  1856 
Charles  E.  Tappan,  Sandwich,  N.  II.  A.C.  1858 

Richard  G.  Williams,  New  Marlboro',  Ms. 

Horace  B,  Wood  worth,  Lyme,  N.  H. 
(12) 

Junior  Class. 
Hollis  S.  Clark,  Corinth,  Vt. 
Elijah  Cutler,  Dorchester,  Ms. 
Jeremiah  D.  Hyde,  St.  Paul,  Min. 
Elbridge  W.  Merrit,  Williamsburg,  Ms 

C.  C.  C.  Painter,  Draper's  Valley,  Va. 
John  E.  Wheeler,  Amherst,  N.  H. 

(6)  Total,  25. 

v.— THEOLOGICAL      DEPARTMENT,      OBERLIN 
COLLEGE,  Obeblin,  Ohio. 

Faculty. 

Rev.  Charles  G.  Finnet,  President,  and  Professor  of 
Theology,  and  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy. 

Rev.  John  Morgan,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature. 

Charles  H.  Penfield,  Instructor  of  Hebrew. 

Kev.  Henry  E.  Pepk,  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric, 
ai)d  Adjunct  Professor  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philos- 
ophy. 

Rev  James  B.  Walker,  Lecturer  on  the  Harmony 
of  Science  with  Revealed  Religion. 

Rev.  James  H.  Fairchild,  Associate  Professor  of 
Theology. 

Senior  Class. 
NarrifS  and  Resilience.  Graduated.'^ 

George  H.  Allen,  Fall  River,  Ms. 

Charles  G.  Bisbee,  Chatham,  0. 

E.  Milo  Cravath,  Saratoga,  Min. 

Robert  Hovenden,  Ingersoll,  C.  W. 

D.  Jerome  Jones,  Jackson,  Mich. 

George  Juchau,  London,  Eng.  

Charles  H.  Thompson,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Otis  B   Waters,  Union  City,  Mich. 

(8) 

Middle  Class. 

E.  Hudson  Baker,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Henry  W.  Carpenter,  Oberlin,  0. 

John  Day,  Oberlin,  0. 

Henry  Matson,  Oberlin,  0.  

J.  D.  Millard,  Marietta,  0. 
Alexand  !r  Parker,  Irvine,  Scotland. 

Orange  H.  Spoor,  Georgia,  Vt.  

Leroy  G.  Warren,  Russia,  0. 

Junior  Class. 
Samuel  B.  Allen,  Bellefonte,  Pa. 
Robert  Brown,  Sparta,  111. 

Geo.  N.  Carruthers,  Gilmore,  0. 

John  II.  Crumb,  Preston,  N.  Y. 
Willard  P.  Gibson,  Wellsboro,  Pa. 
John  Holway,  We.-terville,  0. 
Lucius  A.  Hubbard,  Berrecentia,  N.  Y. 
Conrad  Matter,  Berrysburg,  Pa. 
Edward  H.  Merrell,  Kirkland,  N.  Y. 
James  L.  Pattou,  Columbus,  0. 
Martin  E.  Rider,  New  Haven,  Vt. 
John  Safford,  Madison,  0. 

1  We  are  unable  to  fill  out  this  column  ;  a  dash 
de?ignates  here,  as  elsewhere,  such  as  are  not  gradu- 
ates. 

VOL.   II.  24* 


Wm.  D.  Scrimgeour,  Andover,  Ms. 
Giles  W.  Shurtleff,  Genoa,  111. 
Judson  Smith,  Middlofield,  Ms. 
Edmund  R.  Stiles,  Clarkstield,  0. 
John  Vetter,  Ilersfeld,  Germany. 
George  W.  Walker,  Bellville,  0. 
Edward  P.  Whiting,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 
George  F.  Wright,  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 
(20)  Total,  36. 

VI.— CHICAGO  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY, 
Chicago.  Illinois. 

Faculty. 

Rev.  Joseph  Haven,  Carpenter  Professor  of  System- 
atic Theology. 

Rev.  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  Professor  of  Biblical  Lit- 
erature. 

Rev.  Franklin  W.  Fisk,  Professor  of  Sacred  Rhet- 
oric and  Homiletics. 

Keyes  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History. 

Lecturers. 

The  following  gentlemen  are  appointed  as   Lec- 
turers on  topics  specially  assigned  by  the  Directors. 
Rev.  Edward  Beecher,  on  "  Church  Institutions." 
Rev.   Jonathan  Blanchard,   "  The  Connection   of 

the  Old  and  New  Testaments." 
Rev.  J.  M.  Sturtevant,  "  Relation  of  Sects  to  the 

Church." 
Rev.  .\.  L.  Chapin,  "  The  Relations  of  Christianity  to 

Social  Progress." 
Rev.  J.  B.  Walker,  "  The  Connection  of  Science  and 

Religion." 

Senior  Class. 

Name  and  Residence.  Graduated. 

Jirah  S   Burt,  Pittsfield,  111.  I.C.  1855 

(1) 

JIiddle  Class. 

Frederick  W.  Beecher,  Galesburg,  111.  W.C.  1857 

George  D.  Blodgett,  Pawtucket,  R.l. 

Benjamin  Durham,  Jr.  M.D.,  Chicago,  III.  B.C.  1854 

George  T.  Higley,  Ashland,  Ms.  A.C.  1857 

Chester  C.  Humphrey,  Columbus,  0.  la.O.  18-57 

Edwin  L.  Jaggar,  Burlington,  la.  la.C.  1857 

Jacob  P.  Richards,  Muscoda,  Wis. 

Ewing  0.  Tade,  Denmark,  la.  la.C.  1858 

( Special    Course.)  - 

Henry  M.  Daniels,  Enfield,  Ms. 

Charles  Hancock,  M.  D.,  Dover,  111. 

Charles  A.  Harvey,  Vermillionville,  HI. 

Edward  Hildreth,  Sterling,  Ms. 

Frederick  Wheeler,  Waukesha,  Wis. 

(13) 

2  The  Seminary  year  opens  on  the  first  Wednesday 
of  October.  Candidates  for  the  Regular  Course  must 
be  of  pure  moral  character,  and  must  have  received 
a  College  education,  or  its  equivalent. 

The  Special  Coarse  is  designed  for  individuals  sup- 
posed to  have  a  peculiar  adaptation  to  the  work  of 
the  gospel  ministry,  but  too  far  advanced  in  life  to 
secure  a  complete  classical  education.  The  literary 
attainments  required  are  a  good  English  education, 
together  with  a  knowledge  of  the  Greek  Grammar, 
and  of  one  or  more  of  the  gospels  in  Greek.  Candi- 
dates for  the  Special  Course,  except  in  extraordinary 
cases,  will  not  be  received  later  than  four  weeks  after 
the  oijening  of  the  Seminary  year. 


190 


Covgrcgationalism  in  3Iichigan. 


[April, 


D.O.  1852 


B.C.  1859 
K.C.  1858 


JnffiOR  Class. 
Thaddeus  W.  Bruce,  Chicago,  111. 
Thomas  S.  La  Due,  Rockford,  lo. 
Edwin  N.  Lewis,  Lisbon,  III. 
Alfred  L.  Riggs,  Dakota  Mission, 

Lemuel  N.  Stratten,  Wheaton,  III. 

(Special  Course.) 

William  A.  Adams,  Dubuque,  la. 

Samuel  D.  Breed,  Chelsea,  Mich. 

Davillo  W.  Comstock,  Galesburg,  Mich. 

George  W.  AVainright,  China,  N.  Y. 

(9)  Total,  23. 

VII.-CANADA  CONGREGATIONAL  THEOLOGI- 
CAL INSTITUTE,  Toronto,  C.  W.i 

Kev.  Adam  Lillie,  Professor  of  Theology,  Ecclesias- 
tical History,  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  Bib- 
lical Criticism  and  Interpretation,  Pastoral  Theol- 
ogy, Logic,  and  Rhetoric. 

Rev.  Arthur  Wickson,  Tutor  in  Hebrew,  Greek, 
Latin,  English,  and  Mathematics. 

Extra  Year. 

Names  and  Ri-sidtnce. 

Joseph  Y.  Bryning.  Mount  Pleasant. 

Kobert  Burchill,  Medford,  (absent.) 

(2) 

Fourth  Year. 

George  A.  Rawson,  Lanark. 

(1) 

1  "  Our  course,"  writes  the  Secretary  of  the  Insti- 
tute, "  combines  the  literary  and  theological  ele- 
ments. ...  In  con.sequence  of  the  small  number  of 
students,  and  the  many  duties  required  of  the  in- 
structors, the  students  are  not  divided  into  classes 
according  to  their  '  years,'  but  receive  lectures  all 
together,  the  course  being  so  arranged  as  to  extend 
over  four  years— so  that  they  have  every  part  of  it, 
though  not  in  a  uniform  order."  The  theological 
instruction  is  given  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lillie. 


Third  Year. 
John  Brown,  Caledon. 
Robert  Brown,  Caledon. 
Benjamin  W.  Day,  Brantford. 
George  Strasenburgh,  Kingston. 
(4) 

Second  Year. 

Charles  Duff,  Torcnto. 
John  G.  Sanderson,  Kingston. 
J.  Mall  olm  Smith,  Scoiland. 
(3) 

First  Year. 

William  Carlyle,  Mount  Pleasant. 
Richard  Lewis,  Jr,  Sarnia. 
Alexander  McGregor,  Biock. 
(3)  Total,  13. 

From  the  above  lists  we  gather  the  fol- 
lowing summary : — 

Classes. 


Sem. 

Res. 
Lieen. 

4th 
Year. 

Sen. 

Mid. 

Jun. 

Total. 

Bangor, 
Andover, 

1 
14 

13 

86 

14 
41 

19 
37 

47 
128 

Yale, 

7 

5 

7 

7 

26 

E.  AVinds 

;or,  2 

5 

12 

6 

25 

Oberlin, 

0 

8 

8 

20 

36 

Chicago, 
Toronto, 

0 
2 

1 

1 
4 

13 
3 

9 
3 

23 
13 

Total,  7.      26  1         72       98       101       298 

By  comparison  with  our  list  of  last  year, 
we  find  that  there  is  an  increase  since 
then,  of  9  Resident  Licentiates,  2  Seniors 
and  21  Middlers,  with  a  loss  of  10  Juniors; 
leaving  a  net  increase  of  20,  exclusive  of 
Canada,  of  which  we  had  no  report  last 
year  ;  including  Canada,  the  net  increase 


CONGREGATIONALISM  IN  MICHIGAN  : 
A  SKETCH  OF  ITS  INTRODUCTION,  ESTABLISHMENT,  AND  PROGRESS.* 

BY    REV.    JOHN    D.    riERCE,    YPSILANTI,    MICH. 


The  taking  up  of  a  wild,  unoccupied 
region  of  country,  and  the  settlement  of 
the  same,  are  ever  events  of  stirring  in- 
terest. Old  habits  and  associations  are 
broken  up,  new  social  elements  are  gath- 
ered, and  a  new  community  is  formed  ; 
perchance  a  new  State  or  Empire  is 
founded. 

And  as  man  is  a  religious  being,  and 
must  and  will  have  something  in  the  form 

2  A  paper  read  before  the  Michigan  State  Historical 
Society,  on  Thursday  Evening,  Feb.  2,  1860. 


of  religion,  so  it  is  e.xceedingly  important 
what  system  of  faith,  and  what  kind  of 
religious  institutions,  are  adopted  and 
established  in  that  community ;  for  the 
prevailing  belief  of  a  people  will  ever 
shape  and  control  its  destinies.  There 
are  forms  of  Christianity  not  favorable  to 
the  growth  of  a  nation.  This  is  clearly  to 
be  seen  in  the  history  of  the  past.  A 
mere  formalism,  the  outgrowth  of  an  erro- 
neous scheme  of  faith,  must  in  all  time 
exert  a  blighting  influence.     Not  so  with 


I860.] 


Congrcgationalhm  in  31icMgan. 


191 


Christianity  in  Its  native  simplicity  and 
purity.  It  is  an  ever  living  and  control- 
ling power  ;  and,  wherever  it  finds  a  lodg- 
ment in  the  hearts  of  a  people,  there  have 
always  been  happy  families  and  a  pros- 
perous community.  It  is  hence  not  a 
matter  of  small  moment,  as  some  seem  to 
imagine,  what  kinds  of  doctrinal  belief 
and  practice  are  brought  in  on  the  settle- 
ment of  a  new  country  and  the  founding 
of  a  new  commonwealth. 

Of  all  the  forms  of  orthodox,  evangeli- 
cal Christianity,  none,  I  may  venture  to 
affirm,  has  proved  itself  more  favorable  to 
the  happiness  of  a  people,  and  more 
friendly  to  progress  and  improvement, 
than  the  Congregational  faith  and  polity 
of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  Plymouth  Rock. 
Some  account  of  its  introduction  and  per- 
manent establishment  in  Michigan,  and  of 
its  progress,  I  have  been  requested  to 
give.  In  doing  so,  I  must  necessarily  be 
brief.  I  can  only  state  some  of  the  more 
material  facts.  It  will  be  my  purpose  to 
set  down  mainly  what  has  come  within 
my  own  personal  observation,  and  where 
there  have  been  differences  of  opinion, 
and  collisions  with  others,  to  state  nothing 
that  will  not  bear  the  most  rigid  investiga- 
tion. 

It  may  be  important  to  remark,  in  pas- 
sing, that  many  seem  not  to  discriminate 
between  Congregational  and  Presbyte- 
rian churches;  Congregational  churches 
being  often  called  Presbyterian.  The 
reason  of  this  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  two 
denominations  accept  essentially  the  same 
great  system  of  revealed  truth.  The  dif- 
ference between  them  has  respect  to 
Church  order  and  government. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  is  divided 
into  local  congregations,  subject  each  to 
an  Eldership,  Presbytery,  Synod  and 
General  Assembly ;  whereas  all  Congre- 
gational churches  have,  as  the  basis  of 
their  organization,  these  three  great  prac- 
tical principles  : 

1.  That  all  local  churches  are  associa- 
tions of  believers,  independent,  equal, 
fraternal,  self-complete  and  self-governed. 


2.  That  all  ecclesiastical  power  resides 
in  the  individual  membership  of  such 
local  churches  or  assemblies. 

3.  That  Christ  ordained  but  two  grades 
of  Church  oflicers,  bishops  and  deacons, 
and  they  to  be  servants,  and  not  masters, 
of  his  Church — he  himself  being  their 
Lord  and  Master. 

Accordingly,  the  first  Congregational 
Church,  brought  over  in  the  "  JMaytlower," 
and  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock,  resolved, 
while  still  on  board,  "  that  every  people 
under  God  have  a  right  to  govern  them- 
selves, both  in  Church  and  State."  I 
may  add,  in  this  connection,  that  Baptist 
churches  are  equally  Congregational  in 
their  organization  and  government.  But 
as  they  are  technically  known  by  that 
other  appellation,  they  of  course  are  not 
to  be  included  in  what  follows.  The 
account,  therefore,  which  I  am  to  give  of 
Congregationalism  in  Michigan,  has  re- 
spect solely  to  those  churches  whose  organ- 
ization and  government  are  based  on  the 
above  recognized  principles — such  alone 
as  are  distinctively  and  denominationally 
known  and  acknowledged  as  Congrega- 
tional churches. 

On  account  of  the  plan  of  union  between 
the  Congregationalists  and  Presbyterians, 
adopted  in  the  early  part  of  this  century, 
and  the  co-operative  system  subsequently 
agreed  upon,  the  history  of  the  two  de- 
nominations becomes  so  blended  that  no 
satisfactory  account  of  either  can  be  writ- 
ten without  occasionally  referring  to  the 
other.  In  that  plan  of  united  action,  it 
was  stipulated  that,  in  the  formation  of 
new  churches,  the  majority  should  be  left 
free  to  determine  the  question  of  Church 
order  and  government.  But  In  its  work- 
ings, as  has  been  justly  observed,  it 
became  a  plan  for  the  absorption  of  Con- 
gregationalists in  the  Presbyterian  con- 
nection. As  throughout  New  York  and 
Ohio,  at  an  early  day,  so  in  the  first  set- 
tlement of  this  State,  Congregationalists 
frequently  yielded  their  preferences  for 
the  sake  of  peace  and  co-operation,  even 
when  they  possessed  a  large  majority.     I 


192 


Congregationalism  in  Michigan. 


[April, 


■will  cite  one  instance  as  an  illustration. 
In  1836,  a  Church  near  Adrian  was 
formed,  consisting  of  twenty-five  members. 
The  question  of  Church  Polity  was  dis- 
cussed, and  it  was  found  that  all  but  one 
wished  to  make  it  Congregational.  That 
one  urged  Presbyterianism  ;  and,  to  grat- 
ify him,  the  Presbyterian  form  was  adopted. 
And  so  in  many  other  cases.  Contrary 
to  the  terms  of  union,  majorities  were 
compelled  to  give  up  their  preferences, 
and  often  to  small  minorities.  I  have 
mentioned  these  facts  to  show  why  it  is 
that,  while  Congregationalists  have  large- 
ly predominated,  so  few  Congregational 
churches  appear  upon  the  record  in  the 
first  settlements  of  the  West.  So  early  as 
July,  1824,  Rev.  Isaac  W.  Ruggles,  of 
our  faith  and  polity,  came  to  Michigan. 
At  that  time,  there  was  not  a  Congrega- 
tional or  Presbyterian  minister  in  the 
Territory,  except  Rev.  Mr.  Ferry ,^  mis- 
sionary to  the  Indians,  stationed  at  Mack- 
inaw. There  were  then  two  churches — 
one  in  this  city,  the  other  at  Pontiac. 
From  that  date  up  to  1830,  the  churches 
that  had  been  organized,  and  the  six  min- 
isters then  here,  constituted  the  Detroit 
Presbytery.  And  though  the  Congrega- 
tional element  was  here,  yet  it  was  not  so 
distinctively,  and  consequently  was  un- 
recognized and  unknown. 

In  May,  1831,  I  received  a  commission 
from  the  American  Home  Missionary 
Society,  to  labor  either  in  the  State  of 
Illinois  or  within  the  Territory  of  Michi- 
gan, which  then  included  the  whole  of 
Wisconsin.  The  population  of  this  vast 
region,  according  to  the  census  just  then 
taken,  was  about  thirty-one  thousand — 
one  thousand  in  Wisconsin,  and  thirty 
thousand  in  Michigan  proper.  Detroit 
■was  then  a  mere  village,  Chicago  a  mili- 
tary post,  and  Milwaukee  a  camping 
ground  for  the  Indians. 

1  I  would  state  here  that  the  first  Congregational 
minister,  or  of  any  Evangelical  denomination,  that 
ever  appeared  and  preached  on  this  ground,  was 
Rev.  David  Bacon,  father  of  Dr.  Bacon,  of  Connecti- 
cut, lie  was  here  in  1801  or  1802,  and  spent  one 
year. 


The  first  of  June,  of  that  year,  I  reached 
Detroit,  and  fnet  the  Committee  of  the 
Home  Missionary  Society,  as  advised  by 
the  Secretary,  to  consult  with  them  in 
regard  to  future  operations,  and  the  most 
desirable  and  feasible  field  of  labor. 
Members  of  the  Committee  discussed 
freely  the  question  of  Church  order  and 
government,  and  what  polity  it  was  best 
to  introduce  and  establish  on  the  forma- 
tion of  churches.  I  was  informed  "  that 
it  was  best  for  me,  and  that  it  was  expect- 
ed, that  I  should  join  the  Presbytery;" 
and,  furthermore,  "  that  it  would  not  be 
either  desirable  or  wise  to  organize  any 
Congregational  churches."  The  reason 
asisigned  was,  "  that,  while  Congregation- 
alism did  well  enough  for  New  England, 
it  was  not  adapted  to  the  recent  settle- 
ments of  the  West."  My .  answer  was, 
that  I  had  examined  the  question  of 
Church  order  and  government,  and  was 
satisfied  that  Congregationalism  was  the 
Scriptural  mode ;  and,  if  it  was  adapted 
to  primitive  times,  and  to  New  England 
in  its  infancy,  it  would  not  be  less  so  to 
the  new  settlements  of  the  West.  It  was 
urged,  too,  that  there  were  no  Congrega- 
tional churches  of  any  account,  and  no 
ministers  and  no  associations  of  that  name 
in  all  the  Territories  of  the  Northwest. 
And  that,  I  believe,  was  then  true,  espe- 
cially of  all  Western  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin. The  ^Q\y  ministers  and  churches 
of  that  day,  on  the  Eastern  coast,  were 
either  Presbyterian,  or  connected  with 
Presbytery  on  the  plan  of  union— six  in 
number,  all  told,  for  the  whole  Territory, 
if  not  for  the  entire  Northwest. 

Leaving  Detroit,  I  spent  four  Sabbaths 
at  Ann  Arbor,  and  then  passed  on  to 
Marshall,  recently  established  as  the  seat 
of  justice  for  Calhoun  county.  Arriving 
here  the  last  of  June,  I  found  one  or  two 
shanties,  and  a  double  log-house  partly 
done.  The  next  day,  it  being  the  Sab- 
bath, July  1,  1831,  by  consent  of  the  own- 
er, a  meeting  was  appointed.  The  entire 
community  assembled ;  not  one  of  the 
settlers  was  absent.     When  the  congre- 


I860.] 


Congregationalimn  in  Michigan. 


193 


gation  came  together,  it  numbered  about 
twenty-five.  Some  present  were  non-res- 
idents, in  search  of  locations — land-look- 
ers, as  then  called.  The  novelty  of  the 
scene  induced  all  to  attend.  There  were 
one  Congressman  and  one  Judge  from 
the  East,  and  others  were  men  of  learning 
and  intelligence.  At  that  time  there  were 
but  three  white  females  in  the  county, 
two  at  INIarshall  and  one  twelve  miles 
west.  I  never  preached  to  a  more  atten- 
tive congregation.  This  was  my  text, 
found  in  Gen.  iii.,  10:  '■'■  Andlie  said,  I 
heard  thy  voice  in  the  garden,  and  I  was 
afraid,  because  I  was  naked,  and  I  hid 
myself."  It  was  my  purpose  to  show  that, 
without  a  revelation  direct  from  God,  man 
had  reason  to  despair  of  being  saved.  This 
was  the  first  Christian  assembly  and  the 
first  sermon  ever  preached,  in  all  that  re- 
gion for  hundreds  of  miles  in  extent, 
where  the  red  man,  and  his  companion 
hunter  the  wolf,  had  roamed  free  as  air 
for  ages. 

When  I  entered  Marshall  it  was  not 
my  design  to  remain  there.  But  after 
preaching  every  Sabbath  for  three 
months,  I  lefl  for  the  east,  and  came  back 
after  four  weeks  with  my  family,  intend- 
ing to  go  still  further  west.  On  arriving 
at  Marshall,  I  was  urged  to  remain  by 
most  of  the  people  then  present,  and  make 
it  my  home.  Besides,  they  promised  to 
do  what  thej'  could  for  my  support,  and 
on  my  concluding  to  do  so,  and  as  an 
earnest  of  their  good  will  and  wishes,  they 
gave  me  a  deed  of  the  two  village  lots  on 
which  that  double  log-house  was  built. 
For  this  1  paid  to  the  man  who  built  it  a 
fair  compensation  ;  and  in  this  house  for 
about  two  years,  meetings  were  held  near- 
ly every  Sabbath.  During  my  absence 
for  my  family,  a  Methodist  minister  came 
in,  and  established  a  meeting  the  forenoon 
of  each  Sabbath.  This  made  it  necessary 
for  me  on  my  return  to  hold  ours  in  the 
afternoon,  as  most  of  the  people  wished  to 
attend  both  services.  There  remained 
during  winter  about  sixty  persons.  In 
the  spring  our  numbers  rapidly  increased, 


and  our  house,  though  a  large  one,  was 
often  crowded. 

In  May,  1832,  the  first  Congregational 
Church  was  formed,  consisting  of  seven 
members.  Mr.  Stephen  Kimball  was  cho- 
sen its  first  deacon.  It  was  in  July  of 
this  year  that  the  cholera,  "  the  pestilence 
that  walketh  in  darkness,  and  the  destruc- 
tion that  wjisteth  at  noonday,"  came,  and 
two  of  our  members  died.  That  was  tru- 
ly a  day  of  gloom.  Such  an  one  I  hope 
never  to  see  again.  One  of  the  victims 
was  my  own  wife — a  noble  Christian  wo- 
man whose  lifeless  form  1  was  under  the 
necessity  of  preparing  for  the  grave  with 
my  own  hands,  assisted  by  one  man,  and 
he  a  stranger.  Her  death  was  occasioned 
by  her  sympathy  for  otiiers  in  distress. 
She  visited  a  family  that  had  just  moved 
in  from  Detroit  to  escape  the  dreaded 
cholera,  from  whom  a  son  had  just  been 
taken  to  the  grave,  "  for  the  purpose,"  as 
she  expressed  it,  "  of  ti7ing  to  comfort 
them  a  little."  On  entering  the  house, 
she  found  the  mother  dying,  the  father 
prostrate,  and  another  son  coming  down 
with  the  disease,  who  soon  after  died.  She 
was  deeply  moved.  On  her  return,  she 
said,  "  I  cried  like  a  child  when  I  saw 
how  afflicted  they  were."  Immediately 
after,  she  too  was  taken  with  all  the  fear- 
ful symptoms,  and  it  soon  became  evident 
that  she  must  go,  and  in  about  twenty 
hours  she  was  on  her  way  to  her  last  rest- 
ing place.  But  she  died  in  hope — having 
no  fear  of  death — praying  for  her  two 
little  ones.  I  may  add  that,  when  it  was 
known  that  the  cholera  was  in  our 
midst,  many  fled  the  place.  There  re- 
mained about  seventy  persons ;  of  this 
number  eight  died ;  ten  others  were  se- 
verely attacked,  but  recovered — and  all 
within  the  compass  of  eight  days. 

This  terrible  visitation  compelled  me 
to  return  east  with  my  two  infant  children. 
In  the  following  spring  I  came  back,  and 
commenced  my  labors  again  on  the  same 
field.  Immigration  poured  in  upon  us, 
settlements  rapidly  increased,  and  num- 
bers were  added  to  the   Church.     Soon 


194 


Congregationalism  in  Michigan. 


[April, 


after  this  period  I  commenced  preaching 
a  part  of  the  time  in  the  township  of  Ho- 
mer, where  in  a  short  time  a  Congrega- 
tional Church  was  gathered,  consisting  of 
about  twenty  members.  Something  more 
than  a  year  thereafter,  Kev.  Calvin  Clark 
took  charge  of  that  Church  and  congre- 
gation. In  a  little  time  the  subject  of 
Church  polity  was  agitated,  and,  though 
decidedly  Congregational  in  sentiment, 
the  Church  was  induced  to  change  Its 
organization,  and  become  Presbyterian  in 
form. 

In  the  year  1835,  I  was  called  to  Rich- 
land, Kalamazoo  county,  to  assist  in  the 
formation  of  a  Congregational  Church ; 
and  about  two  years  thereafter  to  Gun 
Plain,  as  a  member  of  the  first  ecclesiasti- 
cal council  that  ever  convened  in  western 
Michigan,  if  not  in  the  State,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ordaining  Rev.  Geo.  N.  Smith  as 
a  missionary  to  the  Indians.  Rev.  Mason 
Knepen  preached  on  the  occasion.  The 
Church  at  Richland  remained  Congrega- 
tional till  after  1838,  when  Rev.  Mr.  Clark 
took  charge  of  it,  and  soon  after  the 
Church  entered  the  Presbyterian  connec- 
tion. 

I  continued  my  labors  at  Marshall  till 
July,  1836,  when,  having  been  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  on 
the  organization  of  the  State  government, 
I  resigned  my  charge.  The  Church  then 
numbered  about  fifty  members,  and  was 
happily  united.  Mr.  Clark  then  supplied 
the  place  for  nearly  two  years.  It  was 
then  supplied  by  Rev.  Stephen  Mason  for 
one  year.  About  this  time,  Rev.  John  P. 
Cleaveland  arrived  in  the  village,  for  the 
avowed  purpose  of  forwarding  his  Mar- 
shall College  enterprise,  a  charter  having 
been  obtained,  and  was  occasionally  in- 
vited to  preach,  and,  at  the  close  of  Mr. 
Mason's  term,  supplied  the  place  for  a 
short  period.  On  the  suggestion  of  Mr. 
Cleaveland,  Rev.  John  Wilder,  of  I\Iassa- 
chusetts,  was  called  and  settled  as  pastor. 
While  ]\lr.  Clark  was  with  the  Church, 
the  subjects  of  Church  order  and  govern- 
ment were  freely  discussed,  and  a  change 


of  polity  suggested.  It  was  now  brought 
up  anew,  and  a  meeting  called  to  take  the 
sense  of  the  Church  on  the  question. 
AVhen  assembled,  a  motion  was  made  that 
it  was  expedient  for  the  Church  to  be  con- 
nected Avith  Presbytery.  By  the  way, 
the  Presbytery  of  ]\Iarshall  had  just  been 
organized,  while,  as  yet,  there  was  no 
Church  of  that  name  in  the  place.  Mr. 
Cleaveland,  though  in  no  way  connected 
with  the  Church,  either  as  minister  or  as 
one  of  its  members,  attended  that  meeting, 
and  urged  the  measure — a  change  of  pol- 
ity and  connection  with  Presbytery.  After 
a  long  and  earnest  discussion,  the  motion 
was  lost  by  a  decided  majority.  The  mi- 
nority immediately  withdrew,  and  were 
formed  into  a  Presbyterian  Church  by 
Mr.  Cleaveland. 

The  Congregational  Church,  being  weak- 
ened by  the  above-named  disunion,  could 
no  longer  support  its  pastor;  and  accor- 
dingly, the  year  following,  Mr.  Wilder 
was  dismissed.  In  the  meantime,  the 
new  Church  was  supplied  by  Mr.  Cleave- 
land— his  college  enterprise  having  failed. 
Subsequently,  and  after  Mr.  Cleaveland 
had  left  the  place,  the  two  churches  uni- 
ted— the  Congregational  members  with  the 
Presbyterians — on  condition  that,  in  mat- 
ters of  discipline,  they  should  not  be  sub- 
ject to  anybody  out  of  the  Church  itself. 
It  is  proper  to  add,  in  this  connection, 
that  soon  after  the*  settlement  of  Mr.  Wil- 
der, in  1839,  the  Marshall  Association 
was  formed,  and  chiefly  by  his  active 
agency. 

During  this  period,  several  other  Con- 
gregational ministers  having  entered  the 
State,  new  churches  were  gathered,  and 
two  more  Associations  were  formed — the 
Jackson,  and  the  Eastern — both  in  the 
early  part  of  1840.  It  must,  however,  be 
confessed  that,  up  to  1842,  Congregational- 
ism maintained  a  doubtful,  precarious  ex- 
istence, and  constant  struggle  for  life. 
Distrusted  abroad,  and  besot  with  diffi- 
culties at  home,  its  progress  was  greatly 
obstructed.  But  this  very  trial  to  which 
it  was  subjected  proved  its  vitality,  its 


I860.] 


Congrcgaiionalmn  in  Miclilcjan. 


195 


living  power  ;  and  through  that  life  whifh 
inheres  in  itself,  has  it  in  a  great  measure 
overcome  opposing  forces,  and  is  now  de- 
monstrating its  adaptedness  to  the  new 
States  and  Territories  of  the  great  We.-t. 

Previous  to  1835,  as  near  as  I  can  as- 
certain, seven  churches  were  organized 
that  still  remain  Congregational,  while 
the  Synod  of  Michigan  numbered,  the 
year  tbilowing,  forty-two  churches,  and 
about  the  like  number  of  ministers.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  most  of  the  seven 
were  connected  with  that  body,  and  l^ence 
not  known  as  Congregational  churches 
till  after  1840.  I  will  name  those  churches 
in  the  order  of  their  formation  : 

Church  in  Rochester,  formed  in  July, 
1827  ; 

Church  in  Lima,  formed  in  January, 
1830; 

Church  in  Pontiac,  formed  in  Febru- 
ary, 1831  ; 

Church  in  Clinton,  formed  in  Septem- 
ber, 1831  ; 

Church  in  Bruce,  formed  in  July,  1833  ; 

Church  in  Grand  Blanc,  formed  in 
July,  1833; 

Church  in  Barry,  formed  in  January, 
1834. 

In  addition  to  these,  as  I  have  already 
stated,  the  churches  of  Marshall,  Homer, 
and  Richland  were  organized  Congrega- 
tionally,  and  remained  so  until  influences 
were  brought  to  bear,  that  induced  a 
change. "  Besides,  the  Church  at  YpsilantI 
was  Congregational  in  the  beginning.  It 
was  formed  in  1829,  and  changed  in  1832, 
after  the  settlement  of  Rev.  I.  M.  Weed 
as  pastor,  and,  to  this  day,  the  society  still 
retains  the  name  of  the  First  Congrega- 
tional Society  of  YpsilantI ;  the  name,  as 
In  many  other  cases,  without  the  sub- 
stance. 

From  1835  to  1840,  thirteen  churches 
more  might  have  been  organized  as  Con- 
gregational, and  added  to  this  list.  But 
all  these  were  few  in  numbers  and  limited 
In  means,  as  well  as  those  before  organ- 
ized, and  scattered  over  a  vast  tract  of 
country.     They   were  so   Isolated   as  to 


have  little  or  no  knowledge  of  each  other, 
and  their  time  was  all  occupied  in  battling 
with  nature,  In  its  rude,  uncultivated 
state,  to  provide  themselves  a  home.  It 
Is  doubtful  whether  the  whole  combined, 
so  late  as  1840,  would  equal.  In  numbers 
and  pecuniary  ability,  some  single  con- 
gregations of  the  present  day.  But  they 
were  firm  in  their  attachment  to  Puritan 
principles,  and  in  adherence  to  the  cher- 
ished polity  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers.  How- 
ever dark  the  day,  and  discouraging  the 
prospect,  they  were  not  the  men  to  yield. 
How  liberal  soever  they  might  have  been, 
they  would  not  consent  that  their  name 
and  memorial  should  be  blotted  out  for- 
ever on  the  fair  fields  of  the  West.  It 
was  their  faith  and  confidence  which  sus- 
tained them  in  what  seemed  to  be  an  un- 
equal conflict,  and  the  fruit  of  that  perse- 
verance is  to  be  seen  in  the  prosperous 
condition  of  the  denomination  at  the  pres- 
ent day. 

At  this  period  in  our  history,  ministers 
and  others  began  to  inquire — What  is  to 
be  done  ? — What  can  be  done  to  rally 
our  strength  ? — to  Inspire  hope,  and  give 
confidence  to  these  feeble,  scattered  bands, 
till  a  brighter  day  shall  dawn  ?  As  al- 
ready stated,  three  small  local  Associa- 
tions had  been  formed :  the  Marshall,  in 
1839  ;  the  Jackson,  and  Eastern,  in  the 
early  part  of  1840.  We  had  about  this 
time  and  soon  after,  some  earnest  young 
men,  who  had  recently  entered  the  field, 
such  as  Reverend  Messrs.  Hammond, 
Jones,  Hobart,  Hyde,  and  others,  whose 
hearts  were  In  the  work.  The  result  was, 
that  "  at  a  meeting  of  the  Jackson  Con- 
ference of  Congregational  churches,  held 
the  6th  of  July,  1842,  a  call  was  issued, 
inviting  the  Congregational  ministers  and 
churches  of  Michigan  to  convene  at  Jack- 
son on  Tuesday,  the  11th  of  October,  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  General  As- 
sociation for  the  State."  Accordingly, 
at  the  time  and  place  appointed,  there  as- 
sembled ten  ministers  and  ten  delegates, 
from  six  churches — truly  a  day  of  small 
things,  but  highly  Important  in  its  results. 


196 


Congregationalism  in  Michigan. 


[April, 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  members  of 
that  convention  : 

Ministers. — Rev.  Sylvanus  Cochrane, 
of  Yermontville  ;  Rev.  II.  S.  Hamilton, 
of  Mt.  Clements  ;  Rev.  Marcus  Ilarison, 
of  Jackson  ;  Rev.  L.  Smith  Ilobart,  of 
Union  City ;  Rev.  Harvey  Hyde,  of  Sag- 
inaw ;  Rev.  Thomas  Jones,  of  Grass  Lake ; 
Rev.  Eben.  McDowall,  of  Royal  Oak ; 
Rev.  J.  W.  Smith,  of  Mont  Blanc  ;  Rev. 
John  D.  Pierce,  of  Marshall. 

Delegates. — A.  S.  Arms  from  the 
Church  in  Milfbrd  ;  Chester  Yale  from 
the  Church  in  Jackson  ;  E.  C.  Clapp  from 
the  Church  in  Litchfield  ;  Jacob  Howard 
and  Darius  Hodges  from  the  Church  in 
Leoni ;  Jesse  Adams,  L.  H.  Jones,  and 
Stephen  Watkins  from  the  Church  in 
Grass  Lake  ;  Alpheus  Saunders  and  John 
N.  Stickney  from  the  Church  in  Union 
City. 

After  mature  deliberation  and  free  in- 
terchange of  views,  a  constitution,  con- 
fession of  faith,  and  rules  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  General  Association  of  Michigan, 
were  adopted.  And  in  their  first  address 
to  the  Congregational  churches  of  the 
State,  they  say :  "  You  will  allow  us  to 
congratulate  you  that  God,  in  His  kind 
Providence,  has  permitted  us  to  organize 
an  ecclesiastical  body  involving  the  same 
great  principles  of  Church  order  and  gov- 
ernment that  were  taught  by  our  Puritan 
fathers — the  same  principles  that  have 
given  success,  prosperity  and  glory  to  the 
churches  of  New  England  since  their  first 
settlement."  This,  in  our  history,  was  an 
important  movement.  It  united  the  Con- 
gregational ministers  and  churches  in  one 
body.  It  gave  them  an  increase  of  power, 
and  hope  for  the  future.  It  put  them  in 
a  position  where  they  could  not  only  de- 
fend themselves,  but  move  forward  and 
possess  the  land  which  of  right  belonged 
to  them. 

At  the  above  meeting,  the  General  As- 
sociation appointed  a  delegate  to  the  Sy- 
nod of  Michigan,  which  then  numbered 
about  sixty  ministers  and  churches,  with 
instructions  to  propose  a  fraternal  corres- 


pondence. His  reception,  however,  was 
not  of  the  most  flattering  character.  Ques- 
tions were  asked  which  implied  doubts, 
either  of  its  ability  to  maintain  a  respec- 
table standing,  or  of  its  soundness  in  the 
faith.  It  is  due  to  say,  that  after  discussion, 
objections  were  waived,  and  a  delegate 
appointed  in  return. 

But  this  is  not  all.  The  organization 
of  a  General  Association  failed  in  a  great 
measure  to  secure  the  sympathy,  coopera- 
tion and  support  of  the  Congregational 
churches  of  the  East,  and  especially  of 
New  England.  The  great  body  of  them 
had  been  led  to  believe  that  Congrega- 
tionalism at  the  West,  had  degenerated 
into  a  kind  of  Arminian  perfectionism, 
and  that  it  was  totally  unworthy  to  be 
countenanced  or  fellowshlped  by  them. 
It  had  been  so  Industriously  circulated, 
and  so  often  repeated,  that  Congregation- 
alism, from  the  Hudson  throughout  the 
vast,  indefinite  Northwest,  was  such  a 
sightless,  shapeless,  unseemly  nondescript, 
and  so  difi'erent  from  what  it  was  East, 
that  it  became  very  difficult  for  a  long 
time  to  remove  the  impression.  To  disa- 
buse the  public  mind  at  the  East  required 
the  labor  of  years.  A  house  may  be 
burned  and  soon  replaced,  but  the  effects 
of  moral  causes  are  not  easily  removed. 
Misrepresentations  were  studiously  and 
constantly  made  by  men  who  visited  New 
England  churches,  and  by  the  press,  and 
so  often  presented,  and  with  so  Tnuch  as- 
surance, that  they  came  to  be  believed, 
and  a  public  sentiment  adverse  to  western 
Congregationallsts  was  formed  there. 

Hence  the  marvellous  anomaly  was 
presented — an  anomaly  never  before  wit- 
nessed in  the  Christian  world — of  a  pow- 
erful denomination  pouring  out  money  as 
water  to  aid  in  sustaining  a  rival  system, 
and  yet  distrusting  and  almost  repudia- 
ting Its  own  children  ;  and  thus  obliging 
them,  in  a  multitude  of  cases,  to  abandon 
their  own  most  cherished  principles  and 
polity.  Many  a  western  church,  in  times 
gone  by,  at  its  formation,  has  been  made 
to  believe  that,  If  It  would  readily  obtain 


I860.] 


Congregationalism  in  Michigan. 


197 


aid  from  the  East,  it  must  repudiate  Con- 
gregationalism. 

But  such  a  state  of  things  could  not 
last.  A  change  was  in  prospect,  and  it 
came.  That  I  have  not  misstated  the 
facts  of  history,  or  presented  the  matter  in 
a  stronger  light  than  what  the  simple 
truth  warrants,  I  will  cite  a  passage  from 
the  address  of  the  General  Association, 
issued  at  its  late  meeting  in  the  city  of 
Detroit :  "  So  persistent  and  loud  were 
these  rumors  that  the  Congregationalism 
of  the  West  was  not  the  pure  and  genu- 
ine Congregationalism  of  the  East  and  of 
the  fathers,  that  they  found  much  cre- 
dence among  the  churches  of  New  Eng- 
land,  and  with  many  conductors  of  the 
Christian  press." 

The  first  commencement  of  a  change 
in  the  current  of  public  sentiment  of  the 
Eastern  people,  in  regard  to  us  of  the 
West,  is  to  be  dated  from  the  time  of  the 
Michigan  City  Convention,  of  1846.  It 
was  composed  of  ministers  and  delegates 
from  the  States  of  the  Northwest,  with  an 
able  delegation  from  the  East.  The  first 
act  of  the  Convention  was  a  deliberate 
declaration  of  sentiments.  It  was  re- 
solved, without  a  dissenting  voice,  that 
the  Congregational  ministers  and  churches 
do  firmly  adhere  to  the  great  fundamental 
doctrines  of  grace,  as  set  forth  and  illus- 
trated by  the  masters  of  New  England 
theology.  It  was  a  direct  and  positive 
affirmation,  on  the  part  of  the  West,  that 
the  faith  and  polity  of  the  fathers  are  still 
received  and  cherished  here,  in  all  their 
grand  and  essential  elements. 

This  was  the  beginning  of  a  better, 
brighter  day.  The  work,  however,  was 
not  yet  complete.  One  passage  more 
from  the  address  already  cited,  and  the 
next  step  in  reaching  the  desired  result 
will  be  seen :    "  Deeply  had  our  interests 


suffered,  and  more  or  less  did  they  suffer, 
until  the  memorable  Albany  Convention, 
in  1852,  when  brethren  from  the  East  and 
from  the  West  came  together,  and  for 
several  days  compared  notes,  and  by  a 
careful  analysis  of  doctrine  and  practice 
between  the  churches  of  the  East  and 
West,  with  great  satisfaction  found  that 
the  children,  though  nursed  in  trials,  and 
often  amid  perplexities  and  perils,  were 
not  estranged,  but  still  were  true  in 
heart  and  principles  to  the  faith  and  pol- 
ity of  the  fathers."  That  convention  was 
composed  of  four  hundred  and  sixty-one 
ministers  and  laymen — three  hundred 
and  two  from  New  England,  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty-nine  from  the  West. 
Its  deliberations  led  to  most  important  per- 
manent results,  as  it  respects  the  Congre- 
gational interests  of  this  State,  and  also  of 
the  West.  They  ratified  the  repudiation 
by  the  Old  School  General  Assembly  of 
the  so-called  plan  of  union. 

I  may  add  :  "  And  now  these  churches 
of  the  Pilgrim  faith  and  order  have  been 
multiplying  and  increasing,  till  they  have 
become  a  recognized  power  for  good 
among  the  hosts  of  the  Lord  for  the  sav- 
ing of  the  land."  The  result,  then,  of  the 
introduction  and  establishment  of  the 
Congregational  faith  and  polity  in  IVIichi- 
gan  is  as  follows :  Seven  local  Associa- 
tions, combined  in  one  General  Associa- 
tion, numbering  one  hundred  and  five 
ministers,  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
churches,  and  an  aggregate  of  seven 
thousand  and  sixty-eight  members. 

In  this  brief  notice,  owing  to  the  con- 
nections and  complications  of  the  case,  I 
have  been  compelled  to  refer  occasionally 
to  the  acts  and  movements  of  another  de- 
nomination. But  it  has  been  my  aim  to 
set  down  nothing  that  would  not  bear  the 
test  of  the  closest  scrutiny. 


VOL.  II, 


25 


198 


IIoiu  the  Puritans  trained  their  Children.  [April, 


A  LESSON  FEOM  THE  PAST : 
HOW   THE   PURITANS    TRAINED   THEIR    CHILDREN. 

BY    REV.    JOSEPH    S.    CLARK,    D.D. 


It  is  pretty  generally  agreed,  that  our 
Puritan  fathers  took  sides  with  Solomon 
in  the  controversy  about  bringing  up 
children,  and  used  the  rod.  But  -whether 
they  used  anything  else — and  if  so,  what  ? 
— does  not  appear  to  be  so  generally 
known.  It  is  proposed  to  inquire  after 
this  "  old  path,"  and  to  lay  it  open,  so  far 
as  it  may  be  done  in  a  few  pages  of  the 
Quarterly,  and  to  set  up  a  finger-board 
at  the  entrance,  for  the  direction  of  such 
as  may  desire  to  "  walk  therein." 

As  to  the  strictness  with  which  family 
government  was  administered  by  the  first 
settlers  of  New  England,  our  knowledge 
on  the  subject  comes  chiefly  through  tra- 
ditional and  legendary  channels  ;  for  this 
class  of  facts  would  be  the  least  likely  of 
any  to  be  put  on  record.  But  in  addition 
to  this  source  of  information,  we  have 
some  remains  of  the  teacJrmgs  of  that  day 
— the  inculcated  principles  which  shaped 
their  practice. 

An  essay  "  Of  Children,  and  their  Ed- 
ucation," from  the  pen  of  John  Robinson, 
whose  views  on  the  subject,  if  they  were 
not  the  current  views  of  the  Pilgrims  be- 
fore, would  become  such  in  New  England 
after  this  clear  expression  of  them,  holds 
the   following    language:^   "It  is   much 

1  This  essay  may  be  found  in  Tol.  1,  pp.  242-50  of 
his  \yorks,  published  by  the  Congregational  Union  of 
England  and  Wales,  1851,  a  reprint  from  the  edition 
of  1628.  But  the  edition  from  which  I  quote,  was 
printed  in  1025 — the  year  of  Mr.  Kobiu.son's  death — 
and  is  unquestionably  the  first.  This  particular 
copy  has  a  value,  apart  from  its  intrinsic  worth  and 
ve«erable  age— 235  years.  On  the  inside  of  its  parch- 
ment cover  is  written,  "  For  the  Library  of  the  Con- 
gregational Library  Association,  U.  S.  A.,  the  gift  of 
Rev.  John  Wilson,  D.D.,  of  the  Scottish  Free  Church 
Mii*sion,  Bombay."  It  was  se  it  from  that  distant 
quarter  of  the  earth  through  Rev.  A.  C.  Thompson, 
late  deputy  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  to  India,  as  an  ex- 
pression of  the  interest  felt  by  our  esteemed  Scotch 


controverted,  whether  it  be  better,  in  the 
generall,  to  bruifj  up  children  under  the 
severitie  of  discipline,  and  the  rod  ;  or  no. 
And  the  wisdom  of  the  flesh,  out  of  love 
to  its  own,  alleges  many  reasons  to  the 
contrarie.  But  say  men  what  they  will, 
or  can,  the  wisdom  of  God  is  best ;  and 
that  sayeth,  that  '  foolishness  is  bound  up 
in  the  heart  of  a  child,  which  the  rod  of 
correction  must  drive  out : '  and  that '  he, 
who  spares  the  rod,  hurts  his  son.'  Prov. 
xxii.  15;  xiii.  24.  And  surely  there  is 
in  all  children,  (though  not  alike)  a  stub- 
bernnes,  and  stoutnes  of  minde  arising 
from  naturall  pride,  which  must,  in  the 
first  place,  be  broken  and  beaten  down  ; 
that  so  the  foundation  of  their  education 
being  laydin  humilitie,  and  tractableness, 
other  virtues  may,  in  their  time,  be  built 
thereon.  This  fruit  of  naturall  corruption, 
and  root  of  actuall  rebellion  both  against 
God  and  man,  must  be  destroyed,  and  in 
no  manner  of  way  nourished,  except  we 
will  plant  a  noursery  of  contempt  of  all 
good  persons  and  things,  and  of  obstinence 
therein.  It  is  commendable  in  a  horse, 
that  he  be  stout,  and  stomackfull,  being 
never  to  be  left  to  his  own  government, 
but  always  to  have  his  rider  on  his  back, 
and  the  bit  in  his  mouth.  But  who  would 
have  his  childe  like  his  horse  in  his  bru- 
tishnes  ?  Indeede  such  as  are  of  great 
stomack,  being  thoroughly  broken,  and 
informed,  become  verie  serviceable,  for 
great  designs ;  else,  of  horses  they  become 
asses,  or  worse  :  as  Themistocles  his  mays- 
ter  told  him,  when  he  was  a  childe,  that 
eyther  he   would  bring  some   great  good, 

cousin,  in  the  objects  of  the  Association.  Thejour- 
neyings  of  this  modest  little  quarto,  and  the  influ- 
ence exerted  on  its  many  owners  and  readers,  among 
the  seven  generations  of  men  which  it  has  outlived — 
what  a  theme  of  reflection  for  a  thoughtful  mind  ! 


I860.] 


How  the  Puriians  trained  their  Children. 


199 


or  some  great  hurt  to  the  Commonwealth. 
Neyther  is  there  need  to  fear,  lest  by  this 
breaking,  the  children  of  great  men 
should  prove  base-spirited,  and  abject, 
and  so  unapt  to  great  imployments :  for 
being  Adam's  sons,  whose  desire  was  to 
have  been  like  unto  God,  and  having 
those  advantages  for  maysterfulnes  and 
high  thoughts,  which  great  men's  children 
want  not  (unto  whom  great  affayrs  are 
appropriated  usually)  they  will  not  easily 
be  found  unfurnished  of  stomack,  and 
stoutness  of  mind  more  than  enough ; 
wherein  a  little  is  dangerous,  specially  for 
making  them  unmeet  for  Christ's  yoak, 
and  to  learn  of  him,  who  was  lowly  and 
meek."  pp.  308-9. 

This  certainly  is  intelligible,  and  those 
who  followed  it  out  in  practice,  as  the 
people  of  that  day  were  apt  to  do  the 
teaching  of  such  pastors,  would  be  suffi- 
ciently strict  in  their  family  discipline. 
Yet  this  is  not  the  end  of  his  argument. 
He  can  deal  in  sarcasm,  as  well  as  serious 
logic.  "  We  read,"  says  he,  "  of  Dionysius 
the  tyrant,  that  meaning  to  revenge  him- 
self upon  Dion,  who  made  war  against 
him,  caused  his  son,  whom  he  had  in  his 
power,  to  be  brought  up  in  riot  and  wou- 
tonnes.  This  labor  many  save  their  en- 
emies and  do  it  themselves,  and  so  prove 
miserable  parents  of  dissolute  children." 
Then,  as  if  looking  directly  into  the  mid- 
dle of  this  nineteenth  century,  he  warns 
those  who  have  children,  against  "  mak- 
ing them  men  and  women  before  they  be- 
come good  boys  and  girls ;"  and  this  warn- 
ing he  deems  the  more  needful  "  because 
there  is  in  men  an  inbred  desire,  and  that 
inordinate  usually,  to  hoist  up  their  child- 
ren, as  high  as  may  be."  pp.  310-11.  But 
it  is  as  unnatural  as  it  is  unscriptural. 
"  There  is  to  be  permitted  unto  childhood 
that  childishnes  which  without  violence 
to  nature  and  the  God  thereof,  cannot  be 
driven  from  it  Many,  in  pride,  striving 
and  straining  to  have  their  children  men 
and  women  too  soon,  and  ere  they  be  full 
boys  and  girls,  force  them  above  their 
pace;  and  either  cause  them  to  tire  as 


discouraged  ;  or  occasion  them  to  content 
themselves,  in  after  time,  with  certain 
manly  forms  without  substance,  unreason- 
ably forced  upon  them,  in  their  childhood. 
Fruits  ripened  by  art,  before  their  time, 
are  neyther  toothsome,  nor  wholesome  ;  so 
children  made  men  when  they  should  be 
children,  prove  children  when  they  should 
be  men."  pp.  314-1.5. 

The  views  of  John  Cotton,  and  Cotton 
Mather,  and  President  Edwards,  and  in 
fact,  of  all  the  leading  minds  of  New 
England,  for  the  first  century  or  more, 
so  far  as  their  views  have  come  dovsrn  to 
us  in  their  writings,  were  in  harmony 
with  these  of  John  Robinson.  And  pre- 
suming that  family  government  was  actu- 
ally administered  after  this  model,  which 
they  took  from  Solomon,  it  is  easy  to  im- 
agine how  stern  and  unfeeling,  not  to  say 
tyrannical,  such  parents  would  appear  to 
the  "  wiser  than  Solomon"  of  our  day. 
And  yet  the  very  plea  here  uttered  for 
such  strict  discipline  is  founded  on  the 
assumed  fact  that  parents  have  a  natural 
affection  for  their  offspring.  Why  should 
the  wayward  and  stubborn  will  of  child- 
hood be  subdued  by  the  parent,  even 
with  "the  rod  of  correction,"  if  nothing 
else  will  do  it  ?  Because,  says  Mr.  Rob- 
inson, "  love  rather  descends  than  ascends, 
as  streams  of  water  do" — i.  e.  from  the 
parent  to  the  child,  rather  than  from  the 
child  to  the  parent.  "  No  wonder  if  men 
love,  where  they  live,  as  parents  do,  in 
children ;"  and  this  parental  love  will 
naturally  beget  parental  care  and  disci- 
pline. In  his  view,  there  is  something 
strangely  out  of  reason,  and  positively 
sinful,  where  it  does  not.  "  It  was  an 
odius  thing  in  the  Israelites  to  sacrifice  to 
devils  their  sons  and  daughters  ;  .  .  which, 
in  a  spiritual  sense,  we  certainly  do,  if  we 
neglect  either  instructing  them  ...  or 
correcting  them  duly." 

That  the  first  settlers  of  New  England 
felt  a  strong  affection  for  their  offspring, 
which  was  greatly  intensified  by  the  re- 
ligious element  that  entered  into  compo- 
sition with  it,  may  be  inferred  from  the 


200 


How  the  Puritans  trained  their  Children. 


[April, 


hardships  they  suffered  on  their  account. 
Their  nonconformity  with  the  half  Popish, 
half  Protestant  rites  of  the  English  Church, 
in  the  days  of  Elizabeth  and  James,  was 
more  for  their  children's  sake  than  their 
own.  Their  removal  from  Holland  to 
America — exchanging  the  "  sweet  secu- 
rity of  streets,"  for  a  savage  wilderness — 
they  tell  us,  was  mainly  owing  to  the  fact 
that  "  their  children,  through  the  extreme 
necessity  that  was  upon  them,  although 
of  the  best  disposition  and  graciously  in- 
clined, and  willing  to  bear  part  of  their 
parents'  burdens,  were  oftentimes  so  op- 
pressed with  their  heavy  labors,  that  al- 
though their  spirits  were  free  and  willing, 
yet  their  bodies  bowed  under  the  weight 
of  the  same,  and  became  decrepid  in  their 
early  youth,  and  the  vigor  of  nature  con- 
sumed in  the  very  bud.  And  what  was 
very  lamentable,  and  of  all  sorrows  most 
heavy  to  be  borne,  was  that  many,  by 
these. occasions,  and  the  great  licentious- 
ness of  youth  in  that  country,  and  the 
manifold  temptations  of  the  place,  were 
drawn  away  by  evil  examples  in'  extrava- 
gant and  dangerous  courses  ....  to  the 
great  grief  of  their  parents,  and  the  dis- 
honor of  God."  [Morton's  Memorial, 
Boston,  1855,  pp.  11,  12.] 

Impelled  by  considerations  like  these, 
to  undertake  personal  hardships  and  haz- 
ards whiuh  have  scarcely  had  a  parallel 
in  the  history  of  our  race ;  to  spring  for- 
ward into  the  "  imminent  deadly  breach" 
— the  "  forlorn  hope"  of  their  posterity — 
with  the  almost  certain  assurance  that  they 
were  offering  themselves  a  living  sacrifice, 
they  certainly  must  have  loved  their 
children,  and  ought  to  be  believed  when 
they  tell  us  that  this  way  of  training  them, 
rugged  and  severe  though  it  seem  to  us, 
■was  the  exponent  of  that  love.  And  con- 
trary to  the  generally  received  theory  of 
our  times,  it  neither  cramped  the  man- 
hood of  their  rising  race,  nor  quenched 
their  filial  affection,  as  facts  without  num- 
ber might  be  brought  to  show.  The  "  fool- 
ishness" which  "  is  bound  in  the  heart  of 
a  child,"  and  which  our  unsophisticated 


fathers  thought  would  be  likely  to  survive 
the  period  of  childhood,  unless  "  the  rod 
of  correction  should  drive  it  far  from 
him" — tills  is  what  they  feared  would  spoil 
their  manhood,  and  chill  their  love,  and 
eradicate  the  sentiment  of  filial  rever- 
ence from  their  hearts.  Not  that  they 
were  alarmed  at  those  noisy  and  turbulent 
traits  of  childhood,  which  are  so  much  ex- 
tolled in  our  times,  by  a  class  of  po[)ular 
writers,  as  the  foundation  of  all  future 
greatness  and  goodness  in  the  human 
soul ;  but  they  could  not  rest  satisfied  till 
they  saw  those  elements  of  power  brought 
under  a  safe  control,  and  curbed  into 
use,  like  the  fiery  young  steed.  The  es- 
sential difference  between  the  one  and 
the  other  in  their  estimate  of  such  cases, 
appears  to  be  this :  the  aforesaid  popular 
writers  are  expecting  the  fiery  young 
steed  to  become  a  kind  and  obedient 
horse,  of  his  own  accord,  when  he  ceases 
to  be  a  colt ;  our  Puritan  fathers  thought 
he  must  be  broken  "  betimes,"  with  bit 
and  bridle,  or  those  coltish  freaks  would 
grow  into  vicious  habits  that  could  neither 
be  cured  nor  borne. 

But  then,  it  need  not  be  supposed  that 
they  relied  only,  or  mainly,  on  the  rod 
for  the  training  of  their  children.  Cor- 
poral punishment,  in  their  use  of  it,  was 
rather  a  preparative  for  moral  culture, 
than  any  part  of  it.  To  repeat  the  words 
of  Robinson,  already  quoted,  it  was  the 
breaking  and  beating  down  of  "  a  stub- 
bornness and  stoutness  of  mind,  arising 
from  natural  pride  ;  so  that  the  founda- 
tion of  their  education  being  laid  in  hu- 
mility and  tractablencss,  other  virtues 
may,  in  their  turn,  be  built  thereon." 

The  way  they  went  to  work,  and  the 
means  they  employed  to  build  thereon,  will 
forever  challenge  the  attention  of  all  who 
would  study  the  Puritan  character.  That 
character  can  never  be  understood,  with- 
out understanding  the  culture  from  which 
it  grew.  Born  into  the  world  a  "  child 
of  wrath,"  and  continuing  such  till  "  born 
again  "  by  a  work  of  grace  in  the  soul, 
through  the  agency  of  the  Holy  Spirit — 


I860.] 


How  the  Puritans  trained  their  Children. 


201 


such  was  the  belief  of  every  Puritan 
father  and  mother — the  infant  was  an  ob- 
ject of  intense  religious  interest ;  and  from 
the  moment  of  its  birth  there  was  awakened 
in  the  bosoms  of  the  parents  an  abiding 
consciousness  of  a  responsibiHty  to  God 
for  a  trust  committed  to  their  hands,  worth 
more  than  worlds.  The  care  of  such  a 
being  was  chiefly  a  spiritual  care, — as  the 
life  thus  begun  in  an  "  earthly  taber- 
nacle," was  to  be  trained  and  fitted  for 
"  an  house  not  made  with  hands,  eternal 
in  the  heavens."  The  Puritan  parent 
also  believed  that  his  totally  depraved 
child  might  become  a  subject  of  grace 
"betimes,"  —  which,  in  his  voL'abulary, 
meant  al  an  early  aye  ;  that  whether  he 
did  or  not,  he  was  no  sooner  capable  of 
doing  wrong,  than  he  was  capable  of 
being  taught  to  do  right, — a  teaching 
which  he,  the  parent,  was  bound  to  give  ; 
and  that  a  covenant-keeping  God  would 
not  be  unmindful  of  such  "  labor  of  love," 
performed  by  covenanting  parents,  on 
those  who  were  "  children  of  the  cove- 
nant." There  was  one  other  thing  which 
the  Puritan  believed  ;  it  was,  that  "  fami- 
lies are  the  nurseries  of  the  Church  and 
the  Commonwealth,"  insomuch  that  it  be- 
came a  proverb,  "  ruin  families  and  you 
ruin  all." 

Witli  such  convictions  as  these  ine- 
radicably  fixed  in  the  hearts  of  a  people 
who  made  conscience  of  living  up  to  every 
iota  of  their  creed,  the  training  which 
the  Puritan  gave  his  child  must  have 
come  as  near  to  "  the  nurture  and  admo- 
nition of  the  Lord,"  as  the  world  had  then 
seen,  or  is  likely  soon  to  see*  Neal  gives 
it  [vol.  i.,  p.  5G0]  as  "  a  distinguishing 
mark  of  a  Puritan,"  that  "  while  others 
were  at  plays,  and  interludes,  and  revels, 
or  w  Iking  in  the  fields,  or  at  the  diver- 
sions of  bowling,  fencing,  &c.,  on  the  Sab- 
bath, after  public  service,  these,  with  their 
families,  were  employed  in  reading  the 
Scriptures,  singing  psalms,  catechising 
their  children,  repeating  sermons  or 
prayers."  Of  course  they  were.  It  was 
simply  living  up  to  their  religious  faith, 
VOL.  II.  25* 


as  was  the  Sabbath  sport  of  others  the 
living  up  to  theirs.  To  what  extent  the 
children  were  catechised  in  the  early 
days  of  New  England,  as  also  the  effect  it 
had  in  moulding  the  character  of  her  pop- 
ulation, may  be  seen  in  Vol.  I.  of  this 
Quarterly,  pp.  383-6  ;  where  it  is  also 
shown  what  powerful  aid  the  pastors  lent 
in  the  same  direction,  by  conducting  a 
catechetical  exercise  with  all  the  children 
in  the  parish,  monthly  or  weekly,  at  the 
church  or  school-house.  Pastors  also 
preached  much  on  the  duties  of  parents 
to  their  children.  Conventions  and  Synods 
met  often  to  discuss  the  subject,  and  passed 
innumerable  resolutions  about  it.  And  it 
may  here  be  said  that  the  greatest  mis- 
take which  the  Congregational  churches 
of  New  England  ever  made — the  intro- 
duction of  the  "  Half-way  Covenant  " — 
they  were  led  into  by  their  intensely 
earnest  and  practical  concern  about  the 
nurture  of  their  children.  The  appalling 
prospect  of  having  a  generation  grow  up 
outsideof  all  covenant  relations,  as  those 
must  whose  parents,  being  non-professors, 
could  not  offer  them  for  baptism,  though 
themselves  were  baptized,  and  the  very 
pious  desire  to  do  every  possible  thing  to 
avert  such  a  doom,  suggested  the  expe- 
dient of  a  haj)tismal  covenant — an  inven- 
tion which,  notwithstanding  its  disastrous 
effects,  proclaimed  a  laudable  and  pious 
aim  to  save  the  young. 

A  more  appropriate  and  successful 
method  was  subsequently  taken,  when  the 
ministers  of  Boston — and  there  is  evidence 
that  other  ministers  did  the  same — under- 
took to  bring  their  pulpit  services  to  bear 
more  directly  on  the  young  under  their 
charge.  In  addition  to  several  manu- 
script sermons  gathered  from  various 
quarters,  illustrative  of  this  fact,  I  have 
before  me  a  bound  volume,  entitled,  "  A 
course  of  Sermons  on  Early  Piety,  by  the 
Eight  Ministers  who  carry  on  the  Thurs- 
day Lecture  in  Boston.  With  a  Preface 
by  the  Reverend  Dr.  Increase  Mather, 
and  also  clos'd  with  a  Discourse  lately  had 
by  him  to  young  people."     The  subjects, 


I 


202 


Hov)  the  Puritans  trained  their  Children. 


[April, 


and  the  preachers'  names  are  given  thus  : 
I.  "  The  pious  parent's  wishes ;  By  Dr. 
Cotton  blather.  11.  The  nature  of  early 
piety  as  it  respects  God ;  By  Mr.  Wads- 
worth.  III.  Early  piety  as  it  respects 
man  ;  By  Mr.  Colnian.  IV.  Early  piety 
as  it  respects  ourselves  ;  By  Mr.  Sewall. 
V.  The  obligations  to  Early  piety  ;  By 
Mr.  Prince.  YI.  The  advantages  of  Early 
piety ;  By  Mr.  Webb.  VII.  Objections 
answered  ;  By  Mr.  Cooper.  VIII.  Ex- 
hortations and  directions  to  young  people; 
By  Mr.  Foxcroft.  To  these  add  Sermon 
IX.  Advice  to  the  children  of  Godly  an- 
cestors ;  By  the  Reverend  and  Aged  Dr. 
Increase  Mather."  The  series  was  com- 
menced March  23,  1721,  and  closed  May 
18  following,  with  the  exception  of  Dr. 
Increase  Mather's  sermon,  which  was 
"  given  July  9,  1721,  and  taken  in  short- 
hand by  one  of  the  hearers." 

Seldom  has  the  jmlpit,  in  any  age, 
uttered  appeals  more  pungent  and  awaken- 
ing than  are  to  be  found  in  these  nine 
sermons.  Far  as  those  times  may  seem  to 
us  above  the  reach  of  modern  degeneracy, 
there  had  been  a  sad  declension,  as  com- 
pared with  earlier  and  better  times ;  and 
this  labor  with  the  young  was  designed  to 
arrest  it.  In  his  preface  to  the  volume. 
Dr.  Increase  Mather,  the  Nestor  of  New 
England,  says : — "  As  for  me,  I  am  now 
in  the  Eujhty-third  year  of  my  age.  And 
having  had,  in  my  minority,  an  opportu- 
nity to  converse  with  the  most  renowned 
■servants  of  God,  who  were  the  first  plant- 
ers of  this  country,  and  of  the  churches 
in  it ;  and  having  been  for  sixty-four 
years  a  preacher  of  the  gospel,  after  my 
poor  manner,  in  these  churches ;  except 
some  years,  when  1  have  been  favored  of 
God  with  opportunities  to  serve  him  in 
Europe,  first,  when  I  was  a  very  young 
man,  in  Dublin,  in  Gloucester,  and  in 
Guernsey,  before  the  year  1662,  and 
afterwards  when  I  was,  more  than  thirty 
years  ago,  absent  from  my  charge,  for 
four  years  in  an  agency  for  the  country : 
I  cannot  but  be  in  the  disposition  of  those 
ancient  men,  who  had  seen  the  foundation 


of  the  first  house,  and  wept  with  a  loud 
voice,  to  see  what  a  change  the  work  of 
the  temple  had  upon  it.  I  wish  it  were 
no  other  than  the  weakness  of  Horace's 
old  man,  the  laudator  temporis  acti,  when 
I  complain  that  there  is  a  grievous  decay 
of  piety  in  the  land,  and  a  leaving  of  the 
first  love,  and  that  the  beauties  of  holi- 
ness are  not  to  be  seen  in  our  churches  as 
once  they  were.  ...  I  must  weep,  and  I 
now  do  it  with  a  loud  voice,  for  what  I 
see.  Oh  !  that  my  head  were  waters,  and 
mine  eyes  a  fountain  of  tears  !" 

It  is  a  significant  fact,  as  showing  the 
great  importance  which  was  attached  to 
the  religious  training  of  the  young  in 
those  days,  that  recovery  from  a  state  so 
deplorable,  was  attempted  through  such  a 
process.  "  Nothing,"  says  the  weeping 
patriarch,  near  the  close  of  this  preface, 
"  nothing  will  contribute  so  much  to  avert 
the  evil  tokens  at  which  they  who  dwell 
in  the  wilderness  may  be  afraid,  as  a  re- 
vival of  piety,  even  of  early  piety,  in 
the  rising  generation." 

It  were  pertinent  to  the  design  of  this 
article,  after  thus  brielly  unfolding  the 
Puritan  way  of  training  up  children,  to 
estimate  its  influence  on  those  who  were 
thus  trained.  But  a  few  words  only  must 
suffice.  I  have  already  had  occasion  to 
observe  that  it  did  not  cramp  the  manly 
traits  of  their  character,  nor  lower  their 
filial  reverence,  as  is  pei'sistently  asserted 
to  be  the  natural  tendency  of  such  train- 
ing now.  It  would  be  extremely  hazard- 
ous for  the  advocates  of  the  no-punishment 
theory  to  institute  a  comparison  between 
the  two  systems  in  this  [)articular.  Manly 
traits  suppressed  and  kept  down  by  pa- 
rental discipline  ?  If  any  tougher  or 
more  vigorous  type  of  manhood  has  been 
produced  than  that  which  shot  up  on 
those  shores  from  1620  to  17G0,  let  it  be 
pointed  out.  Filial  reverence  driven  from 
a  child  by  the  same  rod  that  drives  away 
his  foolishness  ?  If  a  more  respectful, 
reverential  feeling  of  ciiildren  for  their 
parents  can  be  found  anywhere  else  on 
earth,  than  was  developed  under  the  strict 


I860.]  Ministerial  Associations  in  New  England. 


203 


parental  discipline  administered  hj  our 
Puritan  fathers,  let  it  be  shown.  That 
sentiment  was  not  confined  to  the  child. 
It  passed  into  the  man,  gathering  strength 
as  it  grew  old,  till  it  became  a  fixed  reli- 
gious sentiment.  It  afforded  the  aged 
parent  a  pledge  of  protection  through 
life,  if  his  children  lived  as  long ;  and? 
had  Christianity  permitted,  it  would  have 
secured  him  an  apotheosis  after  death. 
What  wonder  if  the  feeling,  scarcely  short 
of  adoration,  with  which  the  memory  of 
godly  parents  was  cherished  by  their  pos- 
terity, became  a  medium  through  which 
their  virtues  were  transmitted  ?  as  was 
clearly  the  case  through  several  genera- 
tions. What  wonder  if,  long  after  their 
piety   had    gone   to   decay,   its   outward 


forms  were  still  kept  up  ?  as  we  know 
they  were.  Formalism  always  pays  hom- 
age to  spiritual  religion,  so  far  as  to 
acknowledge  itself  an  imitator  of  it.  But 
when  spiritual  religion  makes  a  part  of 
those  ancestral  memories  which,  even 
without  the  religious  element,  would 
awaken  respect,  it  thereby  avails  itself 
of  a  great  advantage.  This  advantage 
the  Puritan  faith  had  from  the  first.  In 
the  minds  of  the  rising  generation,  it  was 
associated  with  a  species  of  parental 
authority  which  did,  of  itself,  inspire  a 
profound  reverence.  If  any  fact  in  morals 
has  received  the  attestation  of  all  time,  it 
is  the  fact  that  parental  indulgence  begets 
filial  contempt. 


THE  ORIGIN  OF 
MINISTERIAL    ASSOCIATIONS    IN   NEW   ENGLAND. 


BY    EEV.    ALONZO    H.    QUINT. 


At  what  time  Ministerial  Associations 
first  received  regular  organization  in  this 
country,  no  records  determine.  They 
may  have  grown  out  of  those  meetings 
■which  the  early  ministers  were  naturally 
led  to  hold  ;  or  may  have  been  suggested 
by  the  similar  organizations  which  dissent- 
ing pastors  in  England  had  formed  at  an 
early  date.  Scattered  notices  of  early, 
and  somewhat  methodical,  gatherings,  ap- 
pear in  the  history  of  our  commonwealth, 
but  not  of  such  fulness  as  to  furnish  ma- 
terials for  a  minute  or  continuous  account ; 
nor  have  the  early  records  of  existing  As- 
sociations survived  the  attacks  of  time, 
with  sufficient  fulness  to  authenticate  the 
faint  traditions  of  their  early  history.  Such 
facts  as  have  rewarded  a  somewhat  labo- 
rious search,  are  herewith  presented;  con- 
fined, however,  to  those  voluntary  minis- 
terial societies  which  are.  In  no  sense,  en- 
dowed with  ecclesiastical  authority,  and 
which  have  now  become  universal  in  our 
denomination. 

The  circumstances  of  our  early  clergy. 


very  naturally  brought  them  together  at 
stated  times ;  personal  profit,  the  needs  of 
religion,  and  that  enjoyment  which  It  Is 
sometimes  suspected  that  even  so  sedate  a 
class  as  clergymen  find  in  their  social 
gatherings,  doubtless  contributed  to  bring 
together  in  1635,  AVilson,  Cotton,  Maver- 
ick, Warham,  Weld,  Eliot,  Batcheler, 
Phillips,  and  James,  in  the  first  "  minis- 
ters' meeting"  of  the  colony ;  this  meeting 
Is  thus  described  by  Winthrop  (Journal, 
edition  of  1853,  vol.  1,  page  139,)  under 
date  of  1635  : 

The  ministers  of  the  bay  and  Sagus  [i.  e. 
Lynn]  did  meet  once  a  fortnight,  at  one  of 
their  houses,  by  course,  where  some  ques- 
tion of  moment  was  debated,  ilr.  Skelton, 
the  pastor,  of  Salem,  and  Mr.  Williams, 
who  was  removed  from  Plimouth  thither, 
(but  not  in  any  office,  though  he  exercised 
by  way  of  prophecy,)  took  some  exception 
against  it,  as  fearing  it  might  gi'ow,  in 
time,  to  a  presbytery,  or  superintendency, 
to  the  prejudice  of  the  churches'  liberties. 
But  this  fear  was  without  cause  ;  for  they 
were  all  clear  in  that  point,  that  no  church 


204 


Ministerial  Associations  in  Neio  England.  [April, 


or  person  can  have  power  over  another 
church ;  neither  did  they  in  their  meetings 
exercise  any  such  jurisdiction,  etc. 

Whether  forjnally  organized  or  not, 
(and  they  probably  were,)  the  meetings 
thus  described  by  Winthrop,  were  virtual 
Associations.  For  a  series  of  years  they 
continued  vigorous,  but  not  far  from  1G40, 
began  to  decline.  "  Of  late,"  says  Letch- 
ford,  in  1G41-2,  in  his  Plain  Dealifig,  (re- 
printed in  3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  iii,  74)  di- 
vers of  the  ministers  have  had  set  meet- 
ings to  order  Church  matters  ;  whereby 
it  is  conceived  they  bend  towards  Pres- 
byterian rule."  A  remark  of  Hooker's 
just  before  his  death,  indicates  that  at 
that  time  (1647)  they  were  nearly  obso- 
lete. Although  Letchford  was  by  no 
means  favorably  inclined  towards  the 
people  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  having  been 
rather  summarily  cut  short  in  his  prac- 
tice as  a  lawyer  in  the  early  courts,  yet 
there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  his  rep- 
resentations are  incorrect.  It  is  well 
known  that  some  of  the  early  ministers 
were  inclined  to  Presbyterianism ;  and 
this  statement  by  Letchford,  taken  in  con- 
nexion with  that  of  Winthrop  as  quoted 
above,  and  with  the  fact  that  a  meeting 
of  all  the  elders  was  found  necessary  in 
1G43,  to  oppose  the  efforts  of  those  cler- 
gymen who  fancied  Presbyterianism,  in- 
dicate that  the  discontinuance  of  these 
meetings  was  owing  to  the  jealousy  of 
ministerial  power,  thus  easily  and  early 
excited. 

The  character  of  these  gatherings  Is 
probably  indicated  as  fully  as  can  now 
be  learned,  by  Thomas  Shepard  of  Charles- 
town,  In  his  election  sermon,  preached  the 
15th  of  May,  1672,  bearing  the  euphoni- 
ous name  of  "  Eye  Salve,  or  a  Watch- 
word from  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  unto 
His  Churches."  Setting  forth,  in  the 
usual  doleful  strain  of  that  period,  the 
needs  and  deficiencies  of  the  age,  he  looks 
back  with  mournful  regrets,  to  the  minis- 
ters' meetings  of  former  days:^ 

1  Page  29.  Tho  sermon  may  be  found  in  the  Boa- 
ton  Athenaeum. 


Again,  there  might  be  seen  ministers, 
and  ministers  cleaving  together  in  way  of 
Communion ;  nothing  that  was  difficult, 
or  questionable,  or  weighty,  or  new,  or 
that  had  an  influence  upon  the  whole,  but 
thej'  were  Avont  to  consiUt  with  one  anoth- 
er;  as  I  have  heard  from  divers  of  the  an- 
cient ministers  of  Christ  now  with  God, 
and  when  I  was  a  child,  I  observed  in  my 
father's  house,  if  there  happened  to  be  some 
misunderstanding  at  any  time,  it  was  rea- 
soned out  placidly,  and  still  ministerial 
communion  was  maintained ;  and  these 
things  are  known  unto  hundreds  yet  living, 
that  they  may  remember  the  ministers' 
meetings  in  the  several  towns  by  course,  at 
Cambridge,  Boston,  Charlestown,  Rox- 
bury,  &c. 

These  meetings  were  discontinued  for 
perhaps  twenty  or  twenty-five  years. 
Their  renewal  and  final  systematic  or- 
ganization, in  the  form  and  for  the  pur- 
poses in  which  they  now  appear,  the  dan- 
ger which  the  liberties  of  the  churches 
barely  escaped,  as  well  as  Mr.  Shepard's 
view,  are  thus  described  by  Dr.  Stiles, 
then  of  Newport,  In  his  Convention  ser- 
mon, preached  at  Bristol,  11.  L,  23d  of 
April,  1760: 

So  early  as  1662,  there  were  proposals 
in  the  Synod  at  Boston,  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
Shepard,  for  resolving  the  whole  body  of 
the  churches  into  consociations,  that  is, 
that  each  district  of  neighboring  churches 
should,  by  their  pastors  and  messengers  as- 
semble annually  in  a  standing  Council,  to 
hear  and  give  judgment  in  ecclesiastical 
controversies.  But  this  proposal  dropt, 
not  being  acceded  to  by  the  churches,  but 
strongly  opposed  by  them,  as  thc)^  judged 
themselves  possessed  of  sufficient  power  to 
govern  themselves.  A  few  years  after  this, 
the  ministers  of  several  vicinities  had  form- 
ed themselves  into  associations,  or  pastoral 
meetings,  for  jiraycr,  on  occasion  of  the  In- 
dian war.  These  associations  having  con- 
tinued about  thirty  years,  began  to  be  de- 
sirous of  assuming  the  consociated  form, 
&c.,  &c. 

The  first  Association  whose  existence 
In  a  regularly  organized  form,  can  be 
traced,  was  one  embracing  the  ministers 
of  Boston   and   vicinity,   and   meeting  at 


I860-] 


Ministerial  Associations  in  New  England. 


205 


Cambridge.  The  first  volume  of  the 
records  of  this  body  still  exist,  being  now 
in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts  Histori- 
cal Society,  through  whose  kindness  we  are 
permitted  to  make  free  use  of  the  manu- 
script. AVhat  it  contains  is  so  well  ex- 
pressed in  a  paper  prepared  by  Hon. 
Daniel  A.  White,  of  Salem,  through 
whose  hands  the  book  came  into  the 
Society's  possession,  that  we  embody  his 
description  : 

"  The  eai-liest  record  in  the  volume 
bears  the  date  of  Sept.  7,  1655,  stating 
the  formation  of  an  association  of  minis- 
ters at  Bodmin,  in  Cornwall, — '  for  pro- 
moting the  Gospel  and  our  mutual 
assistance  and  furtherance  in  that  great 
•work.'  By  the  rules  then  adopted,  they 
were  to  have  monthly  meetings, — at  each 
of  which  a  moderator  was  to  be  chosen 
for  the  next  meeting,  whose  duty  it  was 
to  begin  with  prayer,  to  propose  matters 
to  be  debated,  &c.,  &c.  The  members 
were  bound  '  to  submit  to  the  counsel, 
reproofs  and  censures  of  the  brethren  so 
associated  and  assembled  in  all  things  in 
the  Lord ;'  and  not  to  '  relinquish  the 
association,  nor  forsake  the  appointed 
meetings,  without  giving  sufficient  rea- 
sons for  the  same.' 

"  The  few  records  of  the  association  in 
England,  relate  mostly  to  examining  and 
ordaining  candidates  for  the  ministry, 
supplying  destitute  places  with  occasional 
preaching,  affording  advice,  &c.  One  of 
the  questions  debated  was,  '  An  exami- 
natio  memhrorum  sit  necessaria  ad  par- 
ticipationem  ccenoe.  dominicce  V  But  the 
questions  are  not  generally  stated  in  the 
records,  nor  the  results  of  the  debate 
given,  except  so  faf  as  they  may  have 
been  embodied  in  the  more  particular 
rules  and  regulations  adopted,  several 
years  after  the  first  meeting,  and  by  Mr. 
Morton  transcribed  into  the  book,  cover- 
ing nearly  a  dozen  pages.  Very  few  pro- 
ceedings appear  to  have  been  had  after 
this  transaction.  The  last  date  is  May  4, 
1659,  and  a  meeting  is  announced  for  the 
first  Tuesday  of  July,  but  no  record  of 


such  a  meeting  is  made.  The  restoration 
of  Charles  II.  was  at  hand,  and  the  asso- 
ciation doubtless  soon  broke  up.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  the 
members  of  the  association  in  England, 
some  of  which,  however,  I  cannot  clearly 
ascertain, — though  others  may  : 

Nigh.  Severton, 
James  Forbes, 
Tho.  Travers, 
William  Treis, 
Charles  Mobtox, 
Ja.  Innes, 
Jonathan  "Wills, 
Sam.  May, 

*RlCH.    MUNGRY, 

*JoHN  (?)  Harrison, 
"William  "White, 
John  Tutchin, 
Nathaniel  Tingcomb, 
Stephen  Revell, 
Thomas  Hearxe, 
*JoB  "Weale, 
Richard  Batten, 
Henry  Flamanck, 
Benedict  Morse, 
Samuel  Tapper, 
*Thomas  Philpe, 
Otho  "Whitehobne, 
Jos  :  Halsey, 
*Ric :  Kilbee, 
*Thomas  Hancock, 
*HrMFBY  Betty. 

"  All  these,  excepting  those  with  a  mark 
(*)  prefixed,  are  found  mentioned  in 
Calamy's  "  Nonconformist's  Memorial," 
(Palmer's  ed.  1775,)  in  the  account  there 
given  of  '  ministers  ejected  or  silenced  in 
the  County  of  Cornwall.'  Some  of  them 
are  represented  as  eminent  for  their  learn- 
ing and  piety,  but  none  more  so  than 
Charles  Morton,  the  rector  of  Blissland, 
Cornwall.  He  was  of  Wadham  College, 
Oxford,  and  while  a  fellow  of  the  College 
distinguished  for  his  mathematical  genius. 
After  his  ejectment  from  the  rectory  of 
Blissland,  he  was  induced  to  undertake 
the  teaching  of  academical  learning  at 
Newington  Green,  near  London,  and 
continued  about  twenty  years  in  that 
employment,  '  when  he  was  so  infested  by 
processes  from  the  Bishop's  court,  that  he 
was  forced  to  desist.'     Dr.  Calamv,  in  his 


206 


Ministerial  Associations  in  Neiu  England.  [April, 


'  Continuation,'  &c.,  gives  entire  Mr.  Mor- 
ton's learned  and  spirited  vindication 
against  the  charge  of  breaking  his  Uni- 
versity oath,  by  thus  teaching  academical 
learning; — an  able  treatise,  which  will 
never  cease  to  be  interesting  to  scholars. 
In  connection  with  this,  (vol.  i.  of  the 
'Continuation,'  p.  198,)  Dr.  C.  has  pub- 
lished Mr.  Morton's  '  Advice  to  candidates 
for  the  Ministry,' — which  abounds  with 
excellent  counsel,  expressed  with  the  best 
spirit  and  manner.  The  substance  of  Dr. 
C.'s  account  of  Mr.  Morton  has  been 
printed  in  our  Historical  Collections  ('2d 
series,  vol.  i.,  p.  158)  as  well  as  sketches 
of  his  character  from  '  Dunton's  Life  and 
Errors,'  '  Penhallow's  Diary,'  &c.  Presi- 
dent Quincy,  also,  in  his  History  of  Har- 
vard University,  has  paid  a  just  tribute  to 
his  memory. 

"  Mr.  Morton  came  to  New  England  in 
the  Summer  of  1686, — invited,  it  is  said, 
to  take  the  Presidency  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege ;  instead  of  which,  however,  he  be- 
came minister  of  the  Church  in  Charles- 
town.  Here,  too,  as  in  Old  England,  '  he 
undertook  the  teaching  of  academical 
learning;*  and  it  is  rather  remarkable 
that  his  fame  as  a  teacher  should  have 
caused  uneasiness  to  the  University  gov- 
ernors here,  as  it  had  done  there,  and 
that  here,  too,  he  should  have  been  thus 
led  to  desist  from  his  noble  employment. 
The  association  here  was  doubtless  formed 
at  Mr.  Morton's  instigation.  The  first 
record  is  in  his  hand-writing,  and  dated 
'at  Charlestown,  Oct.  13,  1G90.'  The 
rules  adopted  were  those  of  the  English 
association,  with  several  additional  rules. 
They  were  subscribed  by  the  following 
clergymen,  most  of  whose  names  are 
familiar  to  us ;  but  of  one  of  them,  Benja- 
min Woodbridge,  I  find  no  account : 

Charles  Moktox, 
James  Allen, 
Michael  Wigglesworth, 
Joshua  Moody, 
Samuel  Willard, 
John  Bailey, 
Nath'l  GOOKIN, 
Cotton  Mather, 


Nehemiah  "Walter, 
Jabez  Fox, 
John  Fox, 
Jonathan  Peirpont, 
James  Sherman, 
Benjamin  Woodbridge, 
Benjamin  Colman, 
I.  Mather, 
Henry  Gibbs. 
Ben.  Wadsworth, 
William  Brattle, 
Sam.  Angier, 
Ebenezer  Pemberton, 
Thomas  Bridge. 

"  The  meetings  were  to  be  held,  '  con- 
stantly at  the  College  in  Cambridge,  on 
Monday,  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  once 
in  every  six  weeks.'  The  first  meeting 
there  was  Oct.  20,  1690.  For  several 
years  the  names  of  those  present  were 
recorded,  and  that  of  Mr.  Morton  is  in- 
variably found  among  them.  He  died 
April  11,  1698,  jetatis  72. 

"  Not  long  after  his  death  the  book 
seems  to  have  grown  into  disuse,  though 
kept  in  the  possession  of  the  association. 
The  last  meeting  mentioned,  at  which  any 
question  was  debated,  was  '  T*"-  2"'  1701 ;' 
but  after  several  blank  leaves,  we  find 
another  meeting  stated,  with  the  names  of 
eight  present,  and  the  question  proposed, 
with  the  name  of  The  Rev.  Samuel  Wil- 
lard, chosen  moderator  for  the  ensuing 
year.*  This  was  Sept.  6,  1703,  and  the 
last  record,  excepting  (near  the  end  of 
the  book)  a  circular  letter  from  '  Sam'l 
"Willard,  mod'r,' — dated  Cambridge,  Nov. 
6,  1704,  inclosing  a  copy  of  proposals  of  a 
convention  of  ministers  in  Boston,  June  1, 
1 704,  urging  upon  ministers  the  impor- 
tance of  an  earnest  parochial  visiting 
among  their  people,  &c.  From  40  to  50 
questions  appear  to  'have  been  discussed 
by  the  association,  according  to  these 
records,  and  the  results  given — sometimes 
elaborately,  always  deliberately  and  with 
care — filling  about  half  the  book,  the 
other  half  still  being  blank  leaves.  The 
subject  of  moral  reform  is  first  taken  up 
and  earnestly  attended  to,  but  the  ques- 
tions mostly  relate  to  ecclesiastical  affairs 
and  pastoral  duties,  together  with  various 


I860.] 


Ministerial  Associations  in  New  England. 


207 


curious  speculations  of  the  time.  Mr. 
Morton  introduced  inquiries  how  the  Col- 
lege might  be  made  greater  and  better, 
&c.,  but  what  he  effected  by  it  does  not 
appear.  The  subjects  discussed  were 
generally  such  as  were  more  important 
then  than  now,  but  it  is  still  interesting  to 
know  what  was  then  deemed  important, 
and  the  manner  in  which  important  ques- 
tions were  treated.  The  expression  of 
opinions,  too,  is  not  unimportant,  in  a  his- 
torical view  ;  for  opinions  expressed,  be- 
come historical  fads." 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  was  from 
this  body  that  the  famous  *'  Proposals  " 
were  issued,  which  led  John  Wise  to  write 
his  "  Churches'  Quarrel  Espoused  ;"  and 
in  all  probability,  Cotton  Mather,  who 
was  somewhat  inclined  to  Consociation- 
ism,  was  at  the  bottom  of  the  whole  mat- 
ter. Wise  introduces,  in  his  reply,  a 
statement  of  the  origin  of  Associations,  as 
follows  : 

About  thirty  years  ago,  more  or  less, 
there  was  no  appearance  of  the  associations 
of  i^astors  in  these  colonies,  and  in  some 
parts  and  places  there  is  none  yet.  But 
after  the  country  had  suffered  much  in  the 
slaughters  and  depredations  committed  by 
the  heathen,  and  by  many  other  afflictions, 
the  neighboring  ministers,  in  some  coun- 
ties, met  to  pray  together,  &c.,  and  for  no 
other  intent,  that  I  ever  knew  or  heard  of. 
But  after  they  had  continued  these  meet- 
ings for  some  years,  and  others  following 
the  example  began  to  converse  together, 
and  communicate  cases,  as  best  suited  each 
person ;  and  at  last,  perceiving  they  were 
almost  gotten  into  a  classical  form  before 
they  thought  of  it,  they  began  to  give  these 
meetings  the  specious  titles  of  classes,  asso- 
ciations, and  ecclesiastical  conventions,  &c., 
as  securely  as  though  these  titles  were  a 
fruit  growing  out  of  our  own  constitution, 
and  bj'  degrees  began  to  dream  that  they 
were  really,  and  de  jure,  what  their  new 
titles  and  late  custom  had  made  them  only 
de  facto;  and  time  increased  their  inclina- 
tions and  purposes  to  compass  a  more  for- 
mal and  complete  settlement.  .  .  .  When 
they  had  thus  far  advanced  and  rijiened 
their  design,  out  comes  those  projiosals, 
like  Aaron's  golden  calf,  the  fifth  day  of 
November,  17C6. 


These  proposals  contemplated  both  asso- 
ciations and  consociations.  The  plan  of 
the  former  was  this  :  That  the  ministers 
of  the  country,  not  already  associated, 
form  themselves  into  associations,  to  meet 
at  proper  times,  to  consider  such  things  as 
might  properly  lie  before  them,  relating 
to  their  own  faithfulness  towards  each 
other,  and  to  the  common  interest  of  the 
churches ;  each  of  these  associations  to 
have  a  moderator  elected  for  a  definite 
term,  or  till  another  be  chosen,  who  might 
call  them  together  upon  emergencies. 

The  objects  of  these  associations  were 
to  be  two-fold  :  first,  as  to  themselves  ;  to 
decide  "  questions  and  cases  "  laid  before 
them  ;  to  take  advice  previous  to  "  action 
in  their  particular  churches,  which  would 
be  likely  to  produce  any  embroilments," 
and  also  whenever  a  minister  was  "  ac- 
cused to  the  association  whereto  he  be- 
longs, of  scandal  or  heresy,  the  matter 
shall  be  examined," — the  association,  if  it 
saw  fit,  to  summon  a  Council  to  try  him  ; 
to  examine  candidates  for  the  ministry,  no 
Church  to  employ  one  unless  so  examined  ; 
to  be  "  consulted  by  bereaved  churches ;" 
to  superintend  the  "  convening  of  Coun- 
cils "  for  tlie  welfare  of  the  churches ;  to 
correspond  with  each  other  ;  and  to  en- 
deavor to  bring  others  into  the  plan. 

The  pith  of  the  proposals  lay  in  the 
second  part,  in  that  which  related  to  the 
churches  ;  which  was  that  the  pastors  of 
each  association,  together  with  delegates 
from  their  churches,  be  a  consociation, 
with  the  usual  forms  and  powers  of  such  a 
body  ;  the  associations  to  call  meetings  of 
consociations  when  necessary,  or  to  call 
such  part  of  the  consociation  as  suited 
them,  instead  of  the  whole  ;  a  majority  of 
the  pastors  was  always  to  be  requisite  to 
the  passage  of  a  vote. 

These  proposals  came  to  a  speedy  death. 
The  keen  and  vigorous  satire  of  Wise 
struck  a  chord  in  the  popular  heart  which 
never  failed  to  vibrate  when  the  liberties 
of  the  churches  were  assailed.  Cotton 
Mather  says  (Ratio  Disciplinae,  1726)  that 
good    men    opposed   them ;    "  and  in   a 


208 


31inisterial  Associations  in  Nav  England.  [April, 


Deference  to  tliese  Good  Men,  the  Propo- 
sals were  never  prosecuted  beyond  the 
bounds  ofmeer  Proposals."  In  Connecti- 
cut, however,  they  resulted,  in  a  modified 
form,  in  the  establishment  of  Consocia- 
tions, which  have  continued,  through 
much  tribulation,  to  this  day. 

Although  Consociations  were  defeated 
in  the  larger  part  of  New  England,  Asso- 
ciations received  a  vigorous  impulse. 
Cotton  Mather  says,  (Magnalia,  ed.  1725, 
p.  181,)  ^ "  These  Prajmsals  have  not  yet 
been,  in  all  regards,  universally  complied 
withal.  Nevertheless,  the  country  is  full 
of  Associations  formed  by  the  pastors,  in 
their  several  vicinities,  for  the  prosecution 
o?  Evanfjelical  Purposes." 

Cotton  Mather  speaks  more  fully  as  to 
the  form  of  Associations  in  his  time,  as 
follows :  (Magnalia,  Book  v.,  p.  48.) 

Know,  then,  that  according  to  the  advice 
of  Mr.  Hooker,  who  about  a  week  before  he 
fell  sick  of  his  last,  let  fall  these  words : 
We  must  agree  upon  constant  Meetings  of 
Ministers,  and  settle  the  Consociation  of 
churches,  or  else  we  are  utterly  undone.  It  has 
been  the  care  of  the  ministers,  in  the  sev- 
eral vicinages,  throughout  the  most  part  of 
the  countrey,  to  establish  such  Constant 
Meetings,  whereat  they  have  Informed  one 
another  of  their  various  exercises,  and  as- 
sisted one  another  in  the  work  of  the  Lord. 
....  These  Meetings  have  not  all  obliged 
themselves  to  one  Method  of  Proceeding  in 
pursuing  of  a  mutual  Edification  ;  some  do 
still  Fast  and  Pray  together,  and  speak  in 
their  turn  to  a  proposed  subject,  much  after 
the  manner  of  the  Great  Giindal's  Lec- 
tures :  Others  do  only  after  the  publick 
Lectures,  then  held  in  the  Congregation  of 
that  Pastor  to  whose  House  they  adjourn, 
confer  a  while  together  upon  matters  of 
concernment ;  but  one  of  these  Meetings  is 
regulated  by  the  following  orders. 

Then   follows   the   Constitution   of  the 

1  A  Dote  to  page  29  of  the  second  edition  of  tliat 
generally  accurate  and  valuable  work,  the  Congrega- 
tional Dictionary,  misunderstands  this  statement ;  it 
supposes  that  the  proposals  for  Associations  had  not 
been  universally  complied  with  in  1726  ;  the  quota- 
tion above,  shows  that  the  "  universally  "  refers  only 
to  the  extraordinary  powers  proposed,  and  not  to  the 
prevalence  of  Associations  in  their  simple  and  legiti- 
mate form. 


Association  meeting  at  Cambridge,  to 
whose  records  we  have  already  alluded  ; 
that  body  met  at  Cambridge  College  once 
in  six  weeks,  on  Monday  ;  a  Moderator, 
chosen  at  the  close  of  the  previous  meet- 
ing, opened  the  session  with  prayer ;  it 
was  his  duty  to  "  propose  matters  to  be 
debated,"  and  to  act  as  Clerk ;  the  mem- 
bers agreed  to  submit  to  "  Counsels,  Re- 
proofs, and  Censures,"  and  not  to  sunder 
their  membership  without  assigning  rea- 
sons. The  objects  were  declared  to  be 
to  "  Debate  any  Matter  referring  to  our- 
selves ;"  "  To  hear  and  Consider  any 
Cases  that  shall  be  proposed  unto  us,  from 
churches  or  private  Persons ;"  "  To  an- 
swer any  Letters  directed  unto  us  from 
any  other  Ministers  or  Persons ;"  and 
"  To  discourse  of  any  Question  proposed 
at  the  former  Meeting."  Of  this  and 
other  such  bodies.  Cotton  Mather  says  : 
"  It  is  to  be  hoped,  Ita  confabulantur  ut 
qui  sciant  Dominum  andire.  And  the 
Good  Things  done  by  them  Cannot  he 
numbered." 

The  Association  thus  referred  to,  was 
doubtless  the  present  Boston  Association  ; 
but  while  this  appears  to  be  the  one  ear- 
liest formed,  it  is  difficult  to  show  what 
one  comes  next  in  order.  It  appears, 
however,  that  the  Associations  originally 
regarded  county  lines ;  and  in  all  proba- 
bility, the  second  one  was  that  embracing 
Essex  County.  The  records  of  the  former 
(the  one  which  met  in  Cambridge,)  show 
that  a  communication  was  received  No- 
vember 2d,  1G91,  from  "the  ministers  of 
the  county  of  Essex,"  thereby  implying 
that  they  had  then  assumed  an  organized 
form.  We  have  no  doubt  that  this  was 
the  case,  and  that  this  Association  con- 
tinued, until  growing  too  large,  it  was 
subdivided,  doubtless  in  1717,  when  the 
formation  of  that  known  as  "  Salem  and 
vicinity  "  took  place,  and  when,  probably, 
one  embracing  the  ministers  of  the  North- 
ern part  of  Essex  County,  was  also  organ- 
ized. Apparently,  therefore,  the  second 
one  was  that  of  Essex  County,  none  of 
whose  records  are  now  known  to  exist. 


I860.]  Mlnidetial  Associations  in  New  England. 


209 


A  Aote  of  tJie  Association  meeting  at 
Cambridge,  March  Gth,  1G92,  "  that  letters 
be  written  to  the  other  Associations,"  show 
that  more  than  one  otlier  existed;  one 
"  other,"  Essex,  is  found ;  another  still, 
was  probably  in  Plymouth  County  ;  we 
should  naturally  look  there  for  one,  espe- 
cially knowing  that  one  existed,  difficult 
to  be  located  elsewhere  ;  there  was  one 
there  at  an  early  date,  as  shown  by  the 
records  of  a  Plymouth  Association,  which, 
after  a  long  absence,  have  lately  returned 
from  the  West,  to  the  hands  of  that  accu- 
rate historical  scholar,  Rev.  Dr.  Putnam, 
of  Middleboro' ;  by  these,  it  appears  that 
an  Association  (the  one  referred  to)  was 
itself  gathered  (October  24th,  1722)  out 
of  a  County  Association  then  already  ex- 
isting. These  three,  therefore,  although 
no  certainty  exists,  appear  to  be  the  ones 
existing  about  1700. 

How  the  organization  of  others  follow- 
ed, or  what  their  names  were,  defies  even 
conjecture.  "  Salem  and  vicinity"  was 
organized  in  1717.  "  Hull"  is  alluded  to 
In  the  records  of  Plymouth,  as  existing  in 
1722.  "Marlboro"  was  organized  June 
5th,  1729.  "  Hampshire"  was  existing  In 
17o5,  and  AVm.  Williams,  Isaac  Chauncy, 
Jonathan  Edwards,  Stephen  Williams, 
Samuel  Hopkins,  and  Peter  Reynolds, 
were  members,  as  appears  by  the  pamph- 
lets fighting  over  the  ordination  of  Robert 
Breck,  at  Springfield,  the  facts  about 
which  are,  perhaps,  worth  relating,  for 
their  bearing  on  the  historical  nature  of 
Associations. 

Robert  Breck  preached  as  a  candidate 
at  that  place  ;  reports  against  his  doctrin- 
al soundness,  as  well  as  his  discretion,  ex- 
cited the  opposition  of  a  portion  of  the 
people,  and  led  the  neighboring  ministers 
to  doubt  the  propriety  of  his  settlement. 
"  Thus  stood  the  Case',"  says  the  "  Narra- 
tive" of  the  ministers,  "  till  our  Associa- 
tion met  at  Springfield,  April  8th,  1 735." 
Mr.  Breck  appeared  before  them  ;  "  And 
though  we  did  not  pretend  to  judge  the 
Case,  the  Persons  who  had  objected 
against  him,  not  being  present;  yet  he 
VOL.  I  26 


being  desirous  of  it,  we  suffered  him  to 
offer  what  he  saw  fit,  to  obviate  those  ob- 
jections that  had  been  laid  against  him." 
Thereupon  Mr.  Breck  presented  a  vindi- 
cation as  to  certain  rash  and  unchristian 
statements  he  was  reported  to  have  made 
against  those  objecting  to  him,  as  well  as 
on  the  matter  of  doctrinal  belief.  "  Mr. 
Breck  also  desired  the  Association  would 
examine  him,  that  they  might  discover 
whether  he  was  Orthodox  in  his  Princi- 
ples, &c.,  but  we  declined  it  as  not  proper 
till  those  things  objected  against  him  [i.e., 
his  denunciatory  statements,  &e.]  should 
be  cleared  up,  by  having  him  and  those 
gentlemen  who  had  objected  against  him, 
face  to  face." 

The  Association  seem  to  have  expressed 
no  opinion  upon  the  matter  in  dispute. 
But  a  Committee  of  the  First  Church  being 
deputed  to  ask  the  Association  whether 
any  reasons  appeared  to  exist  why  he 
should  not  be  settled,  the  Association  vo- 
ted that  they  had  not  been  able  to  "  ob- 
tain full  satisfaction,"  but  appointed  a 
Committee  to  Investigate  and  determine. 
Mr.  Breck  declined  to  meet  this  Commit- 
tee, on  account  of  its  alleged  prejudiced 
composition ;  he  might  have  declined  on 
the  ground  that  they  had  no  right  to  in- 
terfere. 

Some  months  passed  away ;  a  portion 
of  the  Springfield  people  adhered  to  Mr. 
Breck  ;  by  and  by  they  succeeded  in  ex- 
tending to  him  a  call  to  the  pastorate.  A 
Council  convened  to  ordain  him,  composed 
of  ministers  at  a  distance  ;^  the  Council 
assembled  on  the  7th  of  October,  1735; 
and  against  one  protest  from  the  neighbor- 
ing ministers,  and  another  and  very  volu- 
minous one  from  a  portion  of  the  church, 
which  alleged  testimony  against  his  doc- 
trinal soundness,  ordained  him  on  the  suc- 
ceeding day  ;  it  ought  to  be  stated,  how- 

1  Ml).  Breck,  after  Lis  settlement,  pursued  such  a 
conciliatory  course  as  to  win  OTer  most  of  his  oppo- 
nents  in  the  pari  h.  He  joined  the  Association, 
where,  being  an  evident  Arminian,  he  came  into  oc- 
casional conflicts  with  Jonathan  Edwards.  He  died 
April  23,  1784,  in  the  49th  year,  of  his  miuistry,  and 
71st  of  his  life. 


210 


Ministerial  Associations  in  Neiv  England. 


[April, 


ever,  that  the  creed  he  then  presented 
was  emphatically  orthodox. 

The  Association  was  immediately  ac- 
used  of  exhibiting  a  domineering  spirit. 
To  meet  this  charge,  a  long  "  Narrative  " 
was  issued,  to  which  a  "  Reply  "  (attribu- 
ted to  Rev.  William  Cooper  of  Boston,) 
soon  appeared.  In  this  Reply  it  is  de- 
clared that  Associations  are  simply  "  Vol- 
untary meetings  of  Ministers  by  mutual 
Agreement  amongst  themselves  ;"  that  if 
they  pretend  to  be  a  "  Body  Corporate," 
or  claim  "  Exercise  of  Government,"  or 
"  Right  to  take  the  sole,  or  the  first,  cogni- 
zance of  Ecclesiastical  Cases,"  or  to  "  di- 
rect and  limit  churches  in  the  election  of 
oflicers  and  the  calling  of  Councils,"  or  "  if 
they  declare  it  irregular  and  unwarranta- 
ble in  a  particular  church  to  choose  and 
ordain  a  pastor  without  first  consulting 
them,"  then  they  are  guilty  of  "  an  Usur- 
pation upon  the  Liberties  of  Congrega- 
tional churches."  The  Reply  looks  as 
though  its  author  had  read  John  Wise ; 
and  to  these  sound  principles  it  is  difficult 
to  see  how  the  ministers  could  object.  Nor 
does  it,  in  fact,  appear,  that  the  Associa- 
tion claimed  any  such  extraordinary  pow- 
ers, or  took  any  action  except  as  the  case 
was  brought  before  them  by  outside  par- 
ties ;  although  the  members  of  the  Associ- 
tion,  as  individuals,  exercised  their  un- 
doubted right  to  advise  against  the  settle- 
ment of  one  whom  they  considered 
unsound  in  faith,  as  well  as  to  advance, 
subsequently,  the  acknowledged  Congre- 
gational principle  that  a  Council  ought 
regularly  to  be  composed  of  neighboring 
churches.^ 

Ecclesiastical  troubles  are  fertile  repos- 
itories of  history.  The  divisions  attend- 
ing the  visits  of  Whitefield  to  this  country, 
bring  to  light  several  Associations  existing 
at  that  time.  The  first  incident  is  that  of 
the  determination  of  the  "  Associated  pas- 

1  The  Council  consisted  of  Rev.  William  Cooper, 
William  Wellsteed,  and  Samuel  Milher,  of  Boston, 
and  Rev.  Messrs.  William  Cooke  of  Sudbury,  AVilliam 
Williams  of  Hatfield,  Isaac  Chauncy  of  Uadley,  Eben- 
ezer  Devotion  of  Suffield,  and  William  Rand  of  Sun- 
derland.—SprngMc,  i  :38C. 


tors  of  Boston  and  Charlestown,"  not  to 
admit  Rev.  James  Davenport  to  their 
pulpits,  on  account  of  his  extravagancies 
of  conduct ;  it  was  signed  by  Benjamin 
Colman,  Joseph  Sewall,  Thomas  Prince, 
John  Webb,  William  Cooper,  Thomas 
Foxcrofl,  Samuel  Checkley,  William 
Wellsteed,  Joshua  Gee,  Mather  Byles, 
Ellis  Gray,  and  Andrew  Eliot,  of  Boston, 
and  by  Hall  Abbot  and  Thomas  Prentice 
of  Charlestown,  and  was  dated  June  28th, 
1742.  The  whole  paper  is  printed  in 
Tracy's  invaluable  "  Great  Awakening." 
Its  present  reference  is  simply  to  show 
that  the  old  Boston  Association  was  now 
existing,  but  without  the  Cambridge  part 
of  it.  Another  paper,  contained  in  a 
pamphlet  now  in  the  library  of  the  Boston 
Athenfeum,  furnishes  the  membership 
(probably  nearly  or  quite  entire)  of  three 
other  Associations  ;  it  was  a  letter  dated 
December  26th,  1744,  from  "  two  neigh- 
boring Associations  "  to  the  "  associated 
ministers  of  Boston  and  Charlestown  re- 
lating to  the  admission  of  Mr.  Whitefield 
into  their  pulpits,"  with  the  action  of  the 
third,  viz  :  Cambridge  Association,  advis- 
ing, in  answer  to  his  request,  one  of  their 
own  members.  These  were  all  opposed  to 
Mr.  Whitefield.  The  names  of  these  As- 
sociations are  not  preserved  except  in  the 
last  instance,  but  the  names  of  members 
are.  These  were  as  follows  :  Of  the  "  first 
Association,"  Caleb  Gushing  of  Salisbury, 
Joseph  Whipple  of  Hampton  Falls,  John 
Lowell  of  Newbury,  Paine  Wingate  of 
Amesbury,  Jeremiah  Fogg  of  Kensington, 
Nathaniel  Gookin  of  North  Hampton, 
Elisha  Odlin  of  Amesbury,  Peter  Coffin 
of  Kingston,  William  Parsons  of  South 
Hampton,  and  Samuel  Webster  of  Salis- 
bury. This  body  is  doubtless  not  repre- 
sented in  any  now  existing  organization  ; 
it  covered  the  ground  which  an  "  Essex 
North  "  would  naturally  cover,  and  whose 
existence  is  indicated  in  17G1,  by  the  fact 
that  the  present  "  Essex  North  "  was  then 
organized  as  "  Essex  Middle ; "  it  was 
probably  formed  about  the  same  time  as 
"Salem   and    Vicinity,"   viz:    in    1717; 


I860.]  Iliniderial  Assoclatiom  in  New  England. 


211 


and  it  may  be  the  one  appearing  under 
the  name  of"  Southern  "^  in  1744.  The 
"  second  Association  "  included  John  Bar- 
nard of  Andover,  Joseph  Parsons  of  Brad- 
ford, William  Balch  of  Bradford,  James 
Gushing  of  Haverhill,  Christopher  Sar- 
geant  of  Methuen,  William  Johnson 
of  Newbury,  John  Gushing  of  Boxford, 
Thomas  Barnard  of  Newbury,  and  Ed- 
ward Barnard  of  Haverhill ;  this  clearly 
covered  the  ground  of  the  "  Haverhill 
Association,"  a  body  which  was  organ- 
ized ^  or  re-organized  August  17,  1779, 
and  which  disbanded  in  1833,  having  ap- 
parently swallowed  up  the  one  last  men- 
tioned, at  an  early  date.  The  third  one 
was  Cambridge,  which  had  therefore  been 
separated  out  of  "  Boston  "  before  1 744  ; 
its  members  were  John  Hancock  of  Lex- 
ington, William  Williams  of  Weston,  John 
Cotton  of  Newton,  Nathaniel  Appleton  of 
Cambridge,  Warham  Williams  of  Wal- 
tham,  Seth  Storer  of  Watertown,  Ebene- 
zer  Turell  of  Medford,  Nicholas  Bowes  of 
Bedford,  Samuel  Cook  of  Cambridge,  and 
William  Appleton  of  Cambridge. 

There  was  also  an  "  Eastern"  Associa- 
tion, in  1743,  in  the  county  of  York,  Me., 
that  probably  included  some  of  the  min- 
isters in  the  adjacent  province  of  New 
Hampshire.^  The  Mendon  Association, 
in  Massachusetts,  was  organized  in  1 700. 
From  this  period  the  character  of  Associa- 
tions became  fixed ;  nothing  peculiar  took 
place  afterwards,  except  the  union  of  lo- 
cal Associations  into  General  Associations, 
and  the  consequent  gradual  arraying  of 
Associations  into  two  parts,  Orthodox  and 
Unitarian. 

Of  Associations  in  Connecticut,  the 
only  State  besides  Massachusetts  where 
they  existed  at  an  early  period,  we  have 
no  specific  data,  beyond  the  fact  that  they 
were  in  full  operation  in  1708,  when  the 
General  Association  of  that  State  was 
formed. 

The  scanty  data  thus  gathered  seem  to 
show  the  following  facts  In  regard  to  a 
matter  "  about  wliieh,"  says  Rev.  Dr.  Felt, 

I  Dr.  Bouton's  Ilisfcorical  Discourse,  p.  13. 


In  his  excellent  Ecclesiastical  History  of 
New  England,  "  as  to  Its  original  appear- 
ance and  exercises  in  New  England,  there 
have  been  many  questions."  As  early  as 
1633,  ministers'  meetings  were  held  at 
stated  times,  which  partook  of  the  char- 
acter, though  perhaps  not  of  the  technical 
form,  of  our  Associations ;  looked  upon 
with  jealousy  by  the  mass  of  the  people, 
they  passed  into  disuse  not  far  from  1650. 
The  troubles  of  the  country  led  the  min- 
isters again  to  commence  such  meetings, 
principally  for  prayer,  about  1675.  Out 
of  these,  grew  Associations  as  at  present 
organized,  not  far  from  1690.  Originally 
formed  mainly  by  counties,  subdivisions 
of  counties  took  place  as  population  be- 
come more  dense ;  then,  gradually,  or- 
ganizations without  regard  to  county  lines, 
but  still  territorial  in  their  character  ;  now 
territorial  limits  are  beginning  to  fade  be- 
fore the  power  of  elective  afSnlty. 

It  appears,  also,  that  such  organizations 
were  early  charged  with  aiming  at  au- 
thority ;  sometimes  good  grounds  were 
afforded  for  such  apprehensions.  The 
meeting  of  1633  expressly  disclaimed  such 
an  intent,  but  they  found  it  expedient  to 
dissolve.  Those  of  1705  had  begun  to 
usurp  control,  and  some  of  them  aimed  at 
entire  remodeling  of  Congregationalism, 
asking  for  powers  which  would  have  made 
Church  independence  a  nullity  ;  this  was 
effectually  checked.  In  the  middle  of  the 
century,  renewed  Indications  appeared  of 
a  desire  for  ministerial  power.  In  1814 
the  same  spirit  revived,  excited  pamphlets 
on  both  sides  (some  of  which  are  in  the 
writer's  possession,)  and  finally  subsided. 
And  at  last  it  is  supposed  to  be  settled 
that  Associations  are  not  judicial  nor  au- 
thoritative, but  merely  private  organiza- 
tions of  clergymen  for  their  own  benefit. 
Unfortunately,  in  some  States,  circum- 
stances have  given  them  the  appearance 
of  representing  the  churches,  the  reality 
of  which  they  do  not  possess. 

These  bodies  are  not  confined  to  the 
denominations  originally  possessing  them, 
the  Congregationalists  of  both  branches; 


212 


Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church. 


[April, 


Universalists,  Baptists  and  Methodists  also 
exhibit  the  same  feature.  Among  the 
latter  they  exist  by  Districts,  being  no 
part  of  their  ecclesiastical  system,  but  sim- 
ply private  bodies  which  their  clergymen 
have  found  conducive  to  personal  culture. 
Among  the  Baptists,  also,  at  least  in  INIas- 
sachusetts,  what  corresponded  to  our  As- 
sociations are  by  them  called  "  Confer- 
ences," and  are  not  heard  of  in  public ; 
the  name  "  Association"  with  them,  is  ap- 
propriated to  bodies  representing  churches, 
and  are  themselves  represented  in  "  Gen- 
eral Convention  ;"  in  fact,  their  Associa- 
tions we  call  Conferences,  and  their  Con- 
ferences Ave  call  Associations.  The  Uni- 
versalist  system  was  precisely  like  that  of 
the  Baptists,  but  seems  tending  to  more 
enlarged  powers.  The  Unitarians  have 
Associations  like  our  Massachusetts  Ortho- 
'  dox  Associations,  but  have  no  general 
body  formed  of  delegates  from  Associa- 
tions. The  Massachusetts  Associations 
are  represented  by  delegates  (each  by 
two)  in  the  General  Association,  in  which, 
therefore,  no  lay  element  is  anywhere  ad- 
mitted or  represented,  although  the  Gen- 
eral Association  does  virtually  legislate 
for  the  churches.  In  Maine,  a  better  sys- 
tem prevails;  it  is,  in  fact,  the  exact  sys- 


tem of  our  Baptists,  who  are  really  better 
Congregationalists  than  some  who  claim 
the  name ;  in  Maine,  local  Conferences 
are  represented  in  General  Conference, 
with  a  lay  element,  while  ministerial  As- 
sociations are  private.  In  New  Hamp- 
shire, the  Massachusetts  system  exists,  al- 
though, as  in  Massachusetts,  district  Con- 
ferences also  cover  a  large  part  of  the 
State  ;  recent  votes  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire General  Association,  however,  con- 
template the  introduction  of  laymen.  In 
Vermont,  Associations,  Consociations  and 
Conferences  exist,  and  are  all  represented 
in  the  General  Convention,  by  which 
comes  in  a  lay  element.  Rhode  Island 
has  a  Pastoral  Association  and  a  General 
Consociation,  the  latter  including  both 
pastor  and  delegate  from  each  church.  In 
Connecticut,  while  Consociations  exist, 
Associations  are  the  bodies  represented  in 
their  General  Association.  The  General 
Associations  of  the  other  States  include 
lay  delegates.  Whether  the  feature  of 
excluding  laymen  from  the  only  general 
Congregational  bodies  in  a  State,  is  Con- 
gregational, we  do  not  care  to  say.  Our 
plan  was  simply  to  say  something  about 
Ministerial  Associations. 


CLINTON  AVENUE  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH. 


The  engraving  opposite  presents  a  view 
of  the  spacious  and  beautiful  church  on 
Clinton  Avenue,  corner  of  Lafayette 
Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  It  will  be  seen 
at  once  to  be  a  church  of  the  largest 
dimensions  and  most  elaborate  architec- 
tural detail.  It  is  very  correctly  repre- 
sented in  its  principal  features;  but  the 
chapel  not  being  completed  at  the  time 
this  sketch  was  taken,  the  portal  at  the 
chapel  entrance,  which  resembles  that  of 
the  main  edifice  in  front,  has  not  been 
drawn.  The  ])tan  also  calls  for  a  spire  on 
the  principal  tower.  With  this  picture 
before  the  eye,  and  a  knowledge  of  the 
principal  measurements,  the  reader  will 


be  enabled  to  form  a  correct  idea  of  this 
imposing  structure.  Its  length,  inclusive 
of  porch  and  chapel,  is  147  feet;  and  the 
breadth  of  the  principal  front,  which  faces 
on  Clinton  Avenue,  is  89  feet.  As  the 
engraving  shows,  the  church  has  two 
towers,  one  90  feet  and  the  other  110  feet 
high,  with  buttresses,  pinnacles,  and 
finials.  The  side  view  on  Lafayette 
Avenue,  exhibits  the  number  and  size  of 
the  windows,  the  smaller  and  lower  tier  of 
which  lighten  the  church  below  the  gal- 
leries, and  the  broad  lofty  windows  above 
pour  in  such  a  flood  of  light  as  to  make 
the  audience-room  the  most  cheerful  of 
which    we   have    anv   knowledsre.      The 


18G0.] 


Clinton  Avenue  Congregational  Church. 


213 


higlit  of  the  edifice  to  the  apex  of  the 
roof  is  72  feet,  and  of  the  side  walls  to  the 
top  of  the  balustrade,  48  feet.  The  chapel 
in  the  rear  is  of  the  same  dimensions,  and 
affords  ample  room  for  the  use  of  the  pas- 
tor, the  Sabbath  School,  and  the  weekly 
meetings  ;  and  the  whole  edifice  impresses 
the  beholder  by  its  noble  proportions. 
The  chapel,  having  its  principal  entrance 
VOL.  II.  26* 


on  Lafayette  Avenue,  is  finished  on  the 
corners  with  large  octagonal  buttresses, 
surmounted  with  pinnacles  and  finials. 
The  windows  throughout  are  large,  with 
handsome  tracery  heads ;  and  these,  in 
connection  with  the  numerous  buttresses, 
pinnacles  and  gables,  with  their  deep  and 
varied  shadows,  make  the  exterior  struc- 
ture  OAe  of  the  most  beautiful  and  im- 


214 


Clhiton  Avenue  Congregational  Church. 


[April, 


posing  in  this  city  of  churches.  The 
principal  features  of  the  interior,  as  they 
strilie  the  visitor  upon  entering  it,  are  a 
large  and  beautiful  vestibule,  and  an 
audience-room  104  feet  long  by  68  wide, 
entirely  free  from  obstructions,  and  over- 
hung by  the  triple  arches  of  a  groined 
ceiling,  with  large  pendants  and  corbels, 
from  which  spring  the  many  principal 
and  cross  ribs,  all  richly  ornamented. 
The  windows  are  filled  with  stained  glass 
of  the  richest  patterns,  and  over  all  the 
windows  and  recesses  are  labels  sup- 
ported by  corbels.  The  walls  and  inter- 
mediate spaces  between  the  ribs  are  laid 
off  in  blocks  and  colored.  The  wood- 
work is  of  pine,  painted  white.  The  gal- 
lery fronts  have  traceried  panel-work,  and 
neat  cornices,  and  the  pews  paneled  ends, 
filled  with  carved  tracery,  and  capped 
with  St.  Domingo  mahogany.  Special 
pains  have  been  taken  in  the  construction 
of  the  pews,  and  being  spacious  and  com- 
fortable, they  leave  the  worshiper  scarce 
anything  to  desire.  There  are  148  pews 
on  the  lower  floor,  and  42  in  the  galleries, 
affording  sittings  for  about  1,200  persons. 
The  chapel  contains  in  the  lower  floor 
the  pastor's  study,  and  a  spacious  room 
for  prayer-meetings  or  social  gatherings. 
The  lecture-room  above,  is  a  magnificent 
hall,  32  feet  high  to  the  center  of  the 
arch,  and  30  feet  wide  by  about  80  feet 
long.  The  church  was  completed  and 
dedicated  in  December,  1855,  and  the 
chapel  September,  1856. 

The  erection  of  such  an  edifice  as  this 
was  an  event  of  great  importance  to  the 
development  and  establishment  of  the 
Congregational  churches  of  Brooklyn. 
It  was  a  great  and  arduous  enterprise,  but 
the  issue  has  proved  that  it  was  a  wise 
forecast  which  planted  a  house  of  these 
dimensions  and  architectural  attractions 
upon  the  site  it  occupies.  To  give  our 
friends  at  a  distance,  and  those  acquainted 
with  this  portion  of  Brooklyn,  a  concep- 
tion of  the  field  it  occupies,  it  will  be  ne- 
cessary to  subjoin  a  few  remarks  respec- 
ting the  locality.  Clinton  Avenue  runs 
south  from  the  East  river,  nearly  oppo- 


site the  termination  of  Canal  street,  should 
this  street  be  carried  through  to  the  river. 
The  land  rises  from  the  water-side  by  a 
beautiful  gradual  slope  for  the  distance  of 
a  mile  to  the  intersection  of  Lafayette  Av- 
enue, which  is  the  summit  of  the  hill,  and 
the  most  commanding  position  in  the  city, 
overlooking  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  and 
New  York,  and  catching  glimpses  of  the 
Bay,  the  Hudson,  and  the   Jersey  shore 
beyond.     The  Avenue,  having  been  laid 
out  in  sections  of  eight  lots,  and  sold  un- 
der restrictions,  has  been  built  up  with 
great  uniformity,  the  houses  being  placed 
twenty  feet  from  the  line  of  the  street, 
with  gardens  or  glass-plots  between,  and 
the  grounds  tastefully  adorned  with  shrub- 
bery and  trees.     The  friends  of  the  faith 
and  order  of  New  England,  and  the  lovers 
of  our  common  Christianity  as  well,  will 
rejoice  that  so  beautiful  a  spot  has  been 
adorned  with  a  Church   so   conspicuous 
and  attractive,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  pop- 
ulation comprising   not  a  few  of  the  most 
cultivated  families  in  Brooklyn,  and  rap- 
idly increasing  in  number.     This  Church 
is  now  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  its  history, 
having  been  gathered  in  1847,  and  was 
until  March  1855,  under  the  pastoral  care 
of  the  venerable  Dr.  Lansing.     The  pres- 
ent pastor  is  Rev.  Wm.  L  Budington,  D.D., 
who  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
ministry  in  April,  1855.     The  congrega- 
tion is  among  the  largest  in  the  city  of 
churches,  and  is  constantly  increasing,  be- 
ing in  the  heart  of  the  most  eligible  and 
rapidly  growing  part  of  the  city.     While 
many  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
Clinton  Avenue  Church  were  drawn  from 
the  mother  Church,  the  Church  of  the  Pil- 
grims, not  a  few  of  its  most  useful  and  val- 
ued members  came   from  other  churches 
and  other  denominations,  and  they  have  la- 
bored for  the  upbuilding  of  the  Church, 
with  a  zeal  truly  Christian,  and  a  union 
eminently  cordial  and  harmonious.     May 
the  Church  gathered  there,  and  the  people 
who  shall  worship   there,  be  as  useful,  in 
their  social  and  spiritual  relations,  as  their 
House  of  worship  is  conspicuous  and  beau- 
tiful. 


I860.] 


Preaching  hy  Steam, 


215 


PREACHING  BY  STEAM. 


In  the  Atlantic  Montldy  for  Marcli,  is 
an  article,  entitled,  "  Is  the  religious  want 
of  the  age  met  V"  in  which  are  some  pious 
reoiarks,  and  a  few  just  statements  i  and 
jf  there  vras  nothing  more,  we  should  not 
take  up  our  pen  to  notice  it. 

We  do  not  think  that  the  author  of  this 
article  is  an  opposer  of  evangelical  re- 
ligion. If  he  is,  he  has  very  adroitly 
assumed  tbc  garb  of  piety,  in  order  that, 
according  to  his  own  theory,  he  may 
adapt  himself  to  the  character  of  those  to 
whom  he  preaches.  We  rather  suspect 
that  he  is  a  member  of  some  evangelical 
Church,  and  is  in  good  and  regular  stand- 
ing, though  we  do  not  know  it,  and  will 
not  be  held  responsible  for  such  a  state- 
ment. 

But  we  do  know  that  he  represents  a 
class  of  men  who  have  become  quite  nu- 
merous, in  these  last  days,  especially  in 
our  city  churches,  who  imagine  that  their 
own  peculiar  type  of  piety  and  wisdom 
eminently  qualifies  them  to  be  the  guides 
and  instructors  of  ministers.  They  feel 
assured  that  they  occupy  a  position  that 
gives  them  an  unusually  large  observation 
of  both  the  world  and  the  ministry ;  and 
that  therefore  they  understand,  as  few 
others  can,  the  wants  of  the  one  and  the 
duties  of  the  other.  Some  of  them  se- 
cretly believe  that  the  one  great  mistake 
of  their  lives  was,  that  they  did  not  be- 
come preachers  of  the  gospel  themselves ; 
for,  as  they  think,  they  could  have  been 
the  greatest  in  the  ministry,  if  they  had 
not  chosen  to  be  the  greatest  in  some- 
thing else.  But,  as  it  is,  they  are  bound 
to  make  amends  for  their  mistake  by  their 
faithfulness  to  those,  who,  by  an  inscruta- 
ble providence,  occupy  the  places  which 
they  should  have  occupied  themselves. 
They  therefore  long  to  get  the  ear  of  the 
clergy.     They  know  just  what  every  min- 


ister should  be  and  do.  They  see  with 
the  greatest  clearness  just  what,  and  how, 
and  when,  and  where,  every  minister  should 
preach.  "  Oh," — their  cry  is, — "  Oh, 
that  ministers  knew  their  own  work  as  we 
know  it !  Oh,  that  they  were  energized 
by  our  spirit,  armed  with  our  abilities, 
and  clothed  with  our  wisdom  !" 

The  standing  complaint  of  this  class  of 
men  is,  that  the  ministry  are  behind  the 
times.  This  is  a  swift  age  of  ours,  and 
ministers  must  be  fast  men,  or  they  will 
not  keep  within  hearing  distance  of  it. 
Accordingly,  this  representative  writer  in 
the  Atlantic  opens  his  paper  with  a  de- 
scription of  "  the  age."  This  leads  him  to 
speak  of  "  the  railways,  the  magnetic  tel- 
egraph, and  Hoe's  press."  By  the  way, 
had  this  description  occurred  in  a  sei'mon, 
it  would  have  been  regarded  decidedly 
common-place  and  dull.  He  next  bela- 
bors ministers  for  several  things  ; — for 
having  mistaken  their  calling,  most  of 
them ;  for  being  critical,  as  he  terms  it, 
and  doctrinal  in  their  preaching — having 
"  Critical  Dignity "  installed  in  their 
hearts,  "  in  place  of  the  Son  of  God ;"  for 
being  insufferably  "  tedious ;"  for  not 
preaching  so  that  "  seven-eighths  "  of  the 
audience  shall  say  "  in  the  eye,"  at  the 
close  of  the  sermon,  "  Pray  go  on ;"  and — 
to  sum  up  the  whole,  as  he  honestly  does 
at  the  close — for  not  entertaining  the  peo- 
ple after  the  manner  of  "  our  favorite 
orators,"  and  the  "  Autocrat  of  the  Break- 
fast Table ;"  all  of  which  great  defects  in 
ministers  cause  them  to  be  unadapted  to 
"  the  age." 

Now  this  is  a  fair  sample  of  the  views 
which  a  certain  class  of  men  in  our 
churches  entertain  of  the  ministry  and  its 
work.  In  this  niaroelous  age  of  ours,  they 
think,  a  class  of  ministers  altogether  dif- 
ferent from  those   now  in  the  pulpit,  is 


216 


Preaching  hj  Steam. 


[April, 


needed.  This  is  the  one,  great,  unmet 
■want  of  the  times.  IMinisters  should  be  as 
marvelous  as  their  age.  Why,  in  our  age, 
says  our  author,  "  the  world's  axis  is 
changed  ;  there  is  more  heat  in  the  North. 
The  world  has  advanced,  in  our  age,  from 
a  speed  of  five  miles  an  hour,  to  twenty  or 
thirty,  or  more."  "  We  are  ready,"  he 
says,  "  to  discard  the  word  imposxlhle 
from  our  vocabulary."  "  Our  age,"  with 
this  class  of  persons,  is  always  aUqnid  im- 
mensiim  infinllumque ;  "  Our  city,"  or 
"  our  village,"  if  possible,  something  more 
than  that ;  and  "  our  Church"  some- 
thing more  still.  Consequently  the  min- 
istry for  "  our  age,"  and  especially  for 
"our"  city,  or  village,  and  above  all,  for 
"  our  Church,"  must  be  aliquid  im- 
mensum  infinitumque.  A  hurrah  age,  and 
a  hurrah  people,  must  have  a  hurrah  min- 
istry. Everything  for  its  own  time  and 
place.  The  Holy  Ghost  was  quite  a 
power  once, — did  well  enough  when  "  the 
rate  of  speed  was  low," — (we  are  simply 
translating,)  but  in  "our  times"  preaching 
should  go  by  steam ;  praying,  by  light- 
ning ;  and  conversions  should  be  turned 
off  by  engines  of  so  much  "  horse  power." 
Ho,  all  ye  minis;ers — old-fashioned  minis- 
ters, stupidly  relying  upon  that  which 
long  since  was  outlived — wake  up !  Know 
ye  not  the  wants  'of  your  a(je  f  Wake 
up ! — not  so  much  matter  about  being 
truthful,  but  be  steam-full ;  not  so  much 
matter  about  being  an  accurate  inter- 
preter of  the  Bible  ;  not  so  much  matter 
about  "  taking  heed  to  the  doctrine," 
(that  was  for  Paul's  age,)  but  lift  up  your 
eyes  and  behold  the  "  railways,  the  mag- 
netic telegraph,  and  Hoe's  press,  in  full 
operation;"  catch //<e/r  spirit,  and  put  steam 
and  lightning  into  your  preaching,  or  you 
will  be  behind  "  the  age." 

There  is  one  particular,  and  only  one, 
as  our  author  informs  us,  in  which  minis- 
ters are  up  to  the  times  ;  and  that  is  in 
"/ai'/JMry."  "  Mcn-of-business,"  he  tells 
us,  "  know  that,  in  a  term  of  twenty  years, 
ninety-seven  men  in  a  hundred  full." 
He  would  give  us  to  understand,  we  suj)- 


pose,  by  this,  that  to  his  certain  know- 
ledge, ninety-seven  ministers  out  of  every 
hundred  make  a  failure  ;  for  he  tells  us 
that  "  the  application  of  this  general  truth 
to  their  profes.sion,  the  clergy  are  back- 
ward to  perceive."  Now  how  does  our 
astute  author  know  when  a  man's  ministry 
is  a  failure  ?  Is  it  necesarily  a  failure 
because  some  man  does  not  like  to  hear 
him  preach  ?  If  so,  how  was  it  with  the 
ministry  of  Christ  and  the  Apostles,  and 
tliousands  of  the  martyrs  ?  Were  their 
ministries  all  failures  V  Is  a  man's  minis- 
try a  failure  because  he  is  driven  by  our 
author,  and  men  of  his  stamp,  from  place 
to  place  all  his  life  ?  Did  Christ  say, 
"  Wlien  they  will  not  hear  you  in  one 
C'ty?  go  y6  not  to  any  other,  for  your  min- 
istry is  a  failure "  V  If  not,  who  gives 
our  author  authority  to  say  this,  or  to  say 
that  any  ministry  is  a  failure  V  Has  this 
writer  never  read  that  passage  of  Scrip- 
ture about  "  casting  thy  bread  upon  the 
waters,"  nor  that  about  the  "  foolishness 
of  preaching,"  nor  that  about  God's 
choosing  "  the  foolish  things  of  this  world 
to  confound  the  wise,"  and  "  the  weak 
things  "  to  confound  "  the  mighty  "  ?  Has 
he  never  read  that  "  base  things  of  the 
world,  and  things  which  are  despised,  hath 
(jod  chosen ;  yea,  and  things  which  are 
not,  to  bring  to  nought  things  that  are  ; 
that  no  flesh  should  glory  in  his  presence  "  ? 
How  can  our  author  be  so  omniscient  as 
to  know  when  a  man's  ministry  is  a  fail- 
ure ?  John  Owen  ascribed  his  first  spirit- 
ual awakening,  if  not  his  conversion,  to 
the  sermon  of  a  humble  preacher,  of  whom 
he  never  heard  before,  and  whose  name 
he  could  never  afterwards  learn.  We  are 
told  that  "  a  pastor  of  one  of  the  largest 
churches  in  Massachusetts,  who  was  ex- 
tensively admired  lor  his  rich  and  varied 
elo(pience,  who  was  honored  as  an  instru- 
ment of  many  religious  revivals,  in  one  of 
which  more  than  a  hundred  persons 
were  gathered  into  the  fold  of  his  Church, 
who  was  withal  somewhat  eminent  as  a 
theological  instructor  and  controversialist, 
and  who  has  now  several   descendants  in 


I860.] 


Preaching  hj  Steam. 


217 


the  ministrj%  was  converted  to  the  truth, 
by  the  blessing  of  heaven,  upon  the  la- 
bors" of  a  "  clumsy  and  awkward"  preach- 
er, of  whom  Dr.  Channing  said,  "  Ills 
voice  was  most  untunable ;  some  of  the 
tones  approached  a  cracked  bell  more 
nearly  thin  any  tiling  to  which  I  can  com- 
pare it His   manner   was   without 

animation.  His  matter,  as  far  as  I  can 
trust  my  memory,  was  not  made  accepta- 
ble by  any  adaptation  to  the  taste  of  the 
hearer."  Another  eminent  divine  and 
preacher  was  indebted,  under  God,  for 
his  conversion,  to  the  sermons  of  that  same 
"  clumsy  and  awkward  "  preacher.  We 
know  that  great  things  have  been  accom- 
plished by  very  humble  ministers.  AVe 
will  not  affirm  how  much  has,  or  has  not, 
been  accomplished  by  the  class  which  our 
author  would  prefer ;  but  we  apprehend 
that,  in  the  final  reckoning,  steam-preach- 
ing, lightning-praying,  and  engine-conver- 
sions, will  not  prove  to  have  been  so  useful 
in  our  age,  or  any  age,  as  some  now  deem 
them  to  be. 

The  writer  of  this  article  seems  to  have 
a  great  antipathy  to  exact,  or  as  our 
fathers  used  to  call  it,  "  discriminating," 
and  doctrinal  preaching.  But  would  he 
have  preaching  inexact  ?  And  what 
liave  ministers  to  preach,  if  they  cannot 
preach  doctrines  ?  The  word  doctrine  is 
evidently  in  ill  odor  with  this  writer,  as  it 
Is  with  many  who  never  distinguish  be- 
tween words  and  things.  We  mean,  by 
doctrines,  truths  and  facts.  And  what  has 
a  man  to  preach,  if  he  is  not  to  preach  the 
truths  of  the  gospel,  and  the  facts  of  reve- 
lation ?  The  writer  thinks  that  these 
marvelous  times  do  not  need  critical  and 
doctrinal  preaching.  We  cannot  stop  to 
speak  about  it  now,  but  we  join  issue 
with  him  upon  this  subject.  We  believe 
that  this  hurly-burly,  superficial,  unbe- 
lieving age,  needs,  above  all  things,  crit- 
ical, expository,  and  exact,  doctrinal 
preaching.  Great  truths  and  principles, 
clearly  defined,  and  clearly  understood, 
have  been,  under  God,  the  cause  of  all 
great    and    healthy   movements    in    the 


history  of  the  world.  A  great  doctrine 
preached — the  doctrine  of  Christ — foun- 
ded Christianity.  A  great  doctrine 
preached — the  doctrine  of  justification — 
produced  the  Reformation  in  Germany. 
But  in  this  unique  age  of  ours,  it  seems  no 
doctrines  are  to  be  defined  and  enforced. 
That  would  be  "  Critical  dignity "  in- 
stalled in  the  heart  "  in  place  of  the  Son 
of  God !" 

Another  instance,  in  which  this  writer 
discloses  a  radically  erroneous  view  of  the 
ministry  and  its  work,  is  in  that  passage 
in  which  he  says  to  the  ministers,  if  you 
cannot  "  read  in  the  eye  of  seven-eighths 
of  your  audience,  Pray,  go  on  ;" — "  if  you 
cannot  read  that,  you  have  mistaken  your 
vocation  ;  you  were  never  called  to  the 
ministry."  Now  let  us  try  some  success- 
ful ministry  by  this  test.  Take,  for  in- 
stance, the  ministry  of  our  Saviour  ;  and 
take  the  delivery  of  his  first  sermon,  in 
the  village  of  Nazareth.  When  he  had 
closed  that  sermon,  did  he  read  in  the  eye 
of  seven-eighths  of  his  audience,  "  Pray,  go 
on  V  What  says  the  record  ?  "  All  they 
in  the  synagogue,  when  they  heard  these 
things,  were  filled  with  wrath,  and  rose 
up  and  thrust  him  out  of  the  city,  and  led 
him  unto  the  brow  of  the  hill  whereon 
their  city  Avas  built,  that  they  might  cast 
him  down  headlong."  According,  then, 
to  our  author's  view  of  the  ministry,  Christ 
mistook  his  vocation ;  he  was  never  called 
to  the  ministry.  Upon  another  occasion, 
when  he  ceased  speaking,  "  many  of  them 
said,  He  hath  a  devil,  and  is  mad ;  why 
hear  ye  him  ?"  Surely  he  must  have 
mistaken  his  calling. 

But  perhaps  the  writer  whom  we  are 
reviewing,  in  reply,  would  modify  his  re- 
mark, and  say :  "  If  you  cannot  read  in 
the  eye  of  seven-eighths  of  those  idho  are 
not  mad,  pray  go  on,  you  have  mistaken 
your  calling."  We  answer,  probably  more 
than  seven-eighths  of  the  ministers  can 
read  that  usually.  But  if  they  cannot, 
must  they  leave  the  ministry  V  Is  that  a 
proof  that  they  have  mistaken  their  call- 
ing ?     E.  G.  Parker,  Esq.,  in  his  "  Rem- 


218 


Preaching  by  Steam. 


[APRILj 


;niscences  of  Rufus  Choate,"  gives  us  the 
following,  among  the  remarks  of  that  elo- 
quent and  successful  pleader  :  "  Always, 
in  mv  long  addresses  to  jurors,  some  one 
goes  to  sleep."  "  When  some  one  grinned 
in  my  face  while  I  was  speaking,  I  have 
often  wished  /  was  dead  almost.  And  a 
thousand  times,  I  have  felt,"  he  said,  "  the 
drag,  and  flag,  and  doubtof  success,  in  the 
middle  of  my  speech."  Now  if  this  great- 
est of  American  advocates,  with  all  the 
witchery  of  his  eloquence  and  fame,  speak- 
ing to  twelve  men,  on  a  single  occasion, 
could  not  keep  them  all  awake,  are  min- 
isters of  the  Gospel,  who  speak  to  their 
people  every  week,  year  after  year,  in  the 
same  place,  and  upon  the  same  subject, 
without  novelty  or  fame  to  help  them,  but 
with  many  of  the  stamp  of  our  author,  to 
sneer  and  carp  at  their  preaching,  to  be 
denounced  as  incompetent,  and  hooted 
out  of  the  ministry,  if  they  cannot  read  in 
the  eye  of  seven-eighths  of  the  audience 
at  the  close  of  their  sermons,  pray,  go  on  ? 

The  writer  represents  the  people  as 
always  ready  to  hear  the  truth  when  prop- 
erly presented.  He  says  that  If  ministers 
complain  of  "  the  people  as  indifferent  and 
insensible  to  the  truth,"  it  is  "  a  libel  which 
ought  to  render  them  liable  to  fine  and 
punishment."  But  our  Savior  said  :  '■^  every 
one  that  doe'th  evil,  hateth  the  light,  neither 
Cometh  to  the  light,  lest  his  deeds  should 
be  reproved."  Let  the  writer  now  apply 
his  language  to  the  Savior,  and  it  may 
possibly  occur  to  him,  that  he  has  not 
rightly  apprehended  the  work  of  Christ, 
and  of  Christ's  ministers  in  the  world. 

It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  while 
this  writer  repeatedly  affirms  that  "  to 
nothing  are  men  so  prepared  to  listen  as 
to  religious  truth,  properly  presented," 
and  that  they  are  impatient  under  preach- 
ing only  because  the  great  mass  of  min- 
isters are  incompetent  men,  we  yet  find 
him  using  such  language  as  the  following, 
in  one  part  of  his  article  :  "  Why  do  our 
educated  men  of  other  professions  so  sel- 
dom and  so  reluctantly  contribute  to  the 
addresses   in    our    religious    assemblies? 


Precisely  because  they  understand  the 
difficulty  of  meeting  the  popular  expecta- 
tion which  is  created  by  the  prevailing 
theory ;  a  theory  which  demands  that 
sermons,  and  not  only  sermons,  but  also 
that  all  religious  addresses,  should  be 
chiefly  characterized  as  learned,  acute, 
scholastic  even."  How  is  this  ?  Are  the 
people,  after  all,  so  pleased  with  the  stu- 
pid and  "  tedious"  ministry,  that  they  will 
not  listen  to  the  truth  when  it  is  "  proper- 
ly presented  ?"  Can  it  be  that  "  God's 
truth.,  fairly  presented,  is  never  a  matter  of 
indifierence  or  of  insensibility  to  our  intel- 
ligent, nor  even  to  our  unintelligent  audi- 
ences," and  that  ministers  so  fully  meet 
"  the  popular  expectation"  that  "  our 
educated  jnen  of  other  professions"  do 
not  dare  to  stand  beside  them  in  address- 
ing the  people  upon  the  high  theme  of  re- 
ligion ? 

This  writer  in  the  Atlantic,  believes 
that  "  our  age  is  growing  less  and  less 
tolerant  of  formality."  We  believe,  on 
the  contrary,  that,  at  least,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  Massachusetts,  the  principle  seat 
of  Unitarianism  in  our  country,  there  is  a 
most  marked  and  decided  tendency  to- 
wards a  merely  external  and  formal  re- 
ligion ;  a  religion  which  regards  the  Bi- 
ble and  vital  godliness  of  far  less  conse- 
quence than  rites  and  ceremonies,  days 
and  seasons,  the  Church  and  the  priest- 
hood. Unitarianism  is  asserting  its  fail- 
ure, and  we  hear  of  a  stampede  from  Uni- 
tarianism into  Episcopacy.  There  are 
many  who  wish  to  have  a  respectable 
and  especially  a  fashionable  Church  con- 
nection where  they  will  never  be  asked 
what  they  believe.  There  are  many 
more  who  wish  to  dance  and  play  cards, 
and  drink  brandy  and  wine,  and  go  to  the 
opera  and  theatre  ad  libitum,  and  at  the 
same  time  have  a  respectable  Church  con- 
nection where  they  will  never  be  asked 
what  they  do,  when  they  are  away  from 
the  prayer  book,  and  where  their  con- 
sciences will  never  be  disturbed  by  any 
preaching  about  the  sins  of  the  day.  And 
these  classes  are  fast  finding  out   whith- 


I860.] 


Preaching  hj  Steam. 


219 


er  they  can  go  and  find  all  these  conditions 
met.  Episcopacy,  they  are  aware,  has 
been  a  little  too  good  thus  far  in  Massacu- 
setts,  where  it  has  received  so  many  both 
of  its  clergy  and  its  laymen  from  other 
communions  of  more  vital  piety ;  but  they 
rejoice  to  learn  that  it  is  fast  becoming, 
and  that  it  must  by  its  own  inherent  laws 
become,  "  high  Church."  We  believe  that 
there  is  always  a  natural  tendency  to 
formalism  in  religion,  and  that  this  ten- 
dency is  particularly  strong,  at  the  prerent 
time,  in  eastern  Massachusetts.  The  next 
great  battle  that  the  people  of  God  are 
to  fight  in  New  England,  is  to  be  fought 
in  defence  of  the  Bible,  and  the  simple 
institutions  of  the  Bible  ;  the  Bible,  its  di- 
vine authority,  and  its  claims  to  occupy 
the  place  it  has  thus  far  occupied  at  the 
foundation  of  our  system  of  public  educa- 
tion, and  of  all  our  civilization,  and  also 
the  primitive  Church  Polity,  its  divine  au- 
thority, and  its  claims  to  live  and  work. 
The  tendencies  of  the  writer  whom  we 
are  reviewing,  are  evidently  towards  for- 
malism in  religion,  though  he  does  not 
know  it.  Sick  men  often  cannot  tell 
their  own  disease.  Our  author  is  exceed- 
ingly anxious  to  multiply  the  external 
appliances  of  religion,  especially  in  the  pul- 
pit, to  have  more  hurrah  and  clatter  there, 
more  of  "  the  railways,  the  magnetic  tel- 
egraph, and  Hoe's  press;"  and  is  this 
spirituality  or  formalism  in  religion  ? 
Tired  of  the  simplicity  of  the  gospel,  and 
being  not  yet  ready  for  a  religion  of  es- 
tablished forms,  he  strikes  out  for  certain, 
almost  any,  novelties  that  will  entertain 
the  people. 

There  are  many  other  statements  in 
this  article  which  we  should  be  glad  to 
notice,  had  we  space ;  not  so  much  on 
account  of  the  statements  themselves,  as 
of  what  they  disclose  of  the  author's  views 
in  respect  to  the  ministry.  Men  of  such 
superficial   views,   in   our   churches   and 


near  the  ministry,  are  just  the  men  who 
are  doing  more  to  corrupt  the  public 
taste  and  judgment  upon  this  great  sub- 
ject, and  to  impair  the  Influence  and  use- 
fulness of  faithful  ministers,  than  any  other 
class  of  men.  Their  cardinal  '■'■doctrine" 
stript  of  all  disguise,  is  that  the  minister  is 
to  please,  or  rather  amuse,  the  people,  at 
all  costs.  In  this  relation  of  pastor  and 
people,  there  must  be  cultivated,  on  the 
part  of  the  pastor,  all  the  graces  of  pa- 
tience and  forbearance,  and  compassion 
and  meekness,  and  long-sufi'ering  and 
faith,  and  hope  and  charity ;  but  on  the 
part  of  the  people,  simply  the  grace  of 
fancy.  The  pastor  must  have  all  piety, 
all  ability,  all  learning,  and  all  kinds  of 
experience — especially  that  of  suffering — 
so  that,  in  the  language  of  our  author,  he 
can  bring  "  lively  illustrations  of  spiritual 
truth  from  all  the  experiences  of  life,  from 
all  observations,  from  all  analogies  in  the 
natural  world, — in  short,  from  every  man- 
ner of  illumination ;  from  the  heavens 
above,  from  the  earth  beneath,  and  from 
the  waters  which  are  under  the  earth," 
while  the  people  are  to  have  simply  the 
ability  to  be  pleased.  We  do  not  apolo- 
gise for  any  defect,  or  anything  wrong  in 
the  ministry.  Heaven  knows  that  there 
Is  need  of  more  pietj^  and  more  ability  in 
the  pulpit.  But  we  do  affirm  that  there 
Is  far  greater  need  of  more  piety,  and 
more  ability,  and  more  knowledge  of  first 
principles,  and  more  correct  views  of  the 
kingdom  of  Christ,  and  of  the  laws  of  its 
progress,  among  the  laymen  In  our 
churches. 

The  great  Robert  Hall  was  once  pub- 
licly rebuked,  by  an  ignorant  and  officious 
member  of  his  Church,  for  the  Imperfec- 
tions of  his  public  services.  The  class 
represented  by  that  Inconsiderate  man, 
have  an  unending,  though  perhaps  not  an 
apostolical,  succession  in  the  churches. 


220 


Eccledasiical  Statidics, 


[April, 


ECCLESIASTICAL  STATISTICS. 


COMPILED    BY    REV,    A.    H.    QUINT. 


In  the  first  volume  of  the  Qaarterltj, 
we  gave  the  summark'S  of  the  statistics  of 
both  the  main  branches  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  in  this  country,  as  reported 
in  1859.  We  now  insert  the  statistics  of 
all   branches   of  Presbyterians,   as   com- 


piled in  the  Preshyteriun  Historical  Alma- 
nac for  18G0,  (prepared  and  published  by 
Joseph  M., Wilson,  Philadelphia,)  which 
Is  the  very  best  work  of  the  kind  we  have 
ever  seen  : 


UNITED  STATES. 


Associate  Reformed  Synod  of  New  York,   

Af-sociate  Keformed  Presbyterian  Church,  South, 

•Associate  Synod  of  North  America, 

Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,   

Free  Pre  byterian  Church, 

Presbyterian  Church,  (Old  School,) 

Presbyterian  Church,  (New  School,) 

Keformed  Presbyterian  Church,  General  Synod,  . 

Keformed  Presbyterian  Church,  Synod, 

Keformed  Protestant  Duti-li  Church, 

United  Presbyterian  Church, 

United  Synod  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 


BllITISH  PllOVINCES. 


Free  Church  of  Nova  Scotia, 

Presbyterian  Ch.  in  Canada,  in  connection  with  the  Ch.  of  Scotland, 

Presbyterian  Church  in  Ni-w  BruLswick, 

Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada, 

Presbyterian  Church  of  Nova  Scotia, 

Synod  of  New  Brunswick,  in  connection  with  the  Ch.  of  Seofland, 
Synod  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  connection  with  the  Church  of  Scotland 
United  Presbyterian  Church  in  Canada, 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  &c. 


Church  of  Scotland, 

Eastern  Heforuied  Presbyterian  Church  in  Ireland, 

Free  Church  of  Scotland, 

Presbyterian  Church  of  Victoria, 

Presbyterian  Church  in  England, , 

Presbyterian  Chuich  in  Ireland, 

Keformed  Presbyterian  Church  of  Ireland 

Keformed  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland, 

Seceding  Presbyteries  of  Ireland, 

Synod  of  Jamaica, 

Synod  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  in  England, , 

United  Original  Sefcders  of  Scotland. 

United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland, 


Minis- 
ters. 


16 

68 
11 

927 
43 

2-578 
1,508 
54 
(53 
410 
408 
118 


32 

10' 
18 

183 
38 
11 
20 
6(3 


1,173 

6 

79( 

13i 

811 

560 

29 

39 

10 

25 

15 

23 

519 


10,145 


Ch's. 


14 

■32 

1,188 

3,49i 

1,543 

83 

70 
409 
634 
187 


60 
135 


24 
119 


869 


10,271 


Communi- 
cants. 


778 
84,249 

279,(300 
137,989 

5  821 
50,304 
65,547 
12.125 


1.497 
8,011 

17.671 
7,133 

1,642 


162,750 


826,748 


Collec- 
tions, &c. 


$7,102 
"190 


2.924.448 

271,769 

8,457 

9,484 

513,916 

22,992 

63,827 


16.748 
45,335 


37,240 


15,824 
4,471 


278,506 
l,650',i76 


871,000 


$6,741,485 


[Total,  without  Dutch  Keformed  Church, 9,735        9,862        776,444    6,227,569] 


The  following  note  is  calculated,  it  will 
be  seen,  on  a  basis  which  includes  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church : 

Note. — The  deficiencies  of  the  preceding 
Summary  could  not  be  supplied  save  by  ap- 
proximation. It  may  be  interesting  to  state 
that  7,000  ministers  report  826,748  Communi- 
cants, being  an  average  of  118  members  each, 
which  being  multiplied  by  the  total  number  of 


ministers,  (10,145,)  would  show  a  Total  of 
Communicants  of  1,200,500.  The  collections 
reported  by  8,000  ministers,  amount  to 
$6,741,485,  which  is  an  average  of  #847  to 
each  minister.  The  total  number  of  ministers 
(10,145,)  being  multiphed  by  #847,  show  a 
total  of  #8,992,815. 

The    alterations  necessary  upon  omit- 
ting the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  will,  if 


I860.] 


Ecclesiastical  Static  tics. 


221 


■we  reckon  correctly,  diminish  the  esti- 
mated total  of  communicants  to  1,148,730; 
they  will  diminish  the  estimated  total 
of  collections  to  :i?7,982,700. 

The  column  of  collections  needs  par- 
ticular explanation.  Thus,  the  Old  School 
Church  is  inserted  at  $2,924,448  ;  the 
New  School  at  $271,769.  This  is  unjust 
to  the  latter,  unless  it  be  also  explained  that 
of  the  former  amount,  $2,070,479  are  for 
congregational  purposes,  of  which  the  lat- 
ter makes  no  account.  The  former  is 
thus  reduced  to  $853,969;  the  $513,916 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  are  to  be  dimin- 
ished in  the  same  way  by  $388,845  ;  and 
the  United  Synod  by  $43,851  ;  the  other 
United  States  churches  report  as  the  New 
School  does.  The  amount  is  also  to  be 
diminished  by  one  half  of  the  Reformed 
Presbyterian  Church  Synod  collection, 
which  was  this  year  reported  for  two 
years,  the  half  being  $4,742.  The  aggre- 
gate thus  left  for  the  United  States  Pres- 
byterian churches  (excluding  the  Dutch 
Reformed,)  amounts  to  $989,197, — which 
is  subject  to  still  further  deduction  of 
$29,184,  reported  for  Presbyterial,  Synod- 
ical,  and  Assembly  expenditures, — leaving 
as  actual  contributions  for  benevolence, 
outside  of  current  Church  expenditures,. 


$960,013.  This  is  but  partial,  however. 
To  make  it  complete,  and  reckoning  on 
the  basis  of  the  note  above  quoted,  (modi- 
fied by  excluding  the  Dutch  Church  and 
congregational  expenses,)  we  have  a  little 
rising  $1,160,000,  which,  after  all,  is  a 
mere  estimate.  If  correct,  it  attributes 
an  average  of  about  $2,00  to  each  com- 
municant. 

The  American  churches,  distinctively 
called  Presbyterian,  sum  up  as  follows  : 

Ministers, 
United  States,  5,844 

AddU  for  unreported,  est., 
British  Provinces,  475 

Add!  for  unreported,  est  , 

Total  in  America,         0,319  7,954  643,386 

This  is  but  an  approximation ;  we  be- 
lieve that  the  number  of  members  is  prob- 
ably near  the  truth, — the  number  of  min- 
isters slightly  overrated, — and  that  of 
churches  underrated,  unless  the  Congre- 
gational churches  included  in  the  New 
School  minutes  be  subtracted. 

There  are  other  Presbyterian  churches  : 
The  Evangelical  Lutheran  pub- 
lish as  follows, — from  parochial  reports 
sent  to  the  19th  biennial  convention  of 
its  Synod,  held  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  May 
19,  1859  : 


Clihs. 

Com'nts. 

7,242 

577,740 

120 

13,296 

563 

35,954 

29 

16.396 

SYNODS. 


Allegheny, 

0.  Pennsylvania,... 
E.  Pennsylvania,.. 

East  Ohio, 

Ilartwick, 

Illinois, 

Iowa, 

Kentucky, 

Maryland, 

MelancthoD, 

Miami, 

N.  Y.  Ministerium, 
North  Carolina,. . . 
Northern  Illinois,. 
Northern  Indiana,. 

Ohio,  English 

Olive  Branch,  Ind. 

Pennsylvania, 

Pittsburgh 

South  Carolina,. . . 
Southern  Illinois,. 

Texas, 

Virginia, 

Western  Virginia,. 
W.  Pennsylvania,.. 
Wittenberg, 

Total,  26.  ToT.'kL, 

VOL.  II. 


91 
90 
95 
60 
37 
34 
3S 
13 
37 
32 
47 
55 
40 
72 
43 
30 
2« 
253 
110 
51 
25 
21! 
58 
35 
SI 
32 


2,276 
502 
468 

1,045 
235 
107 

2,228 
392 
591 

3,133 
5501 

1.696; 

'260! 

122 

7,095 

2.314 

1,121 

120 

533 

443 

296 

1.1(55 

113 


1,849 

1,164 

2,686 

1.354 

1.163 

701 

244 

151 

1,047 

448 

897 

788 

830 

1,642 

"69 

399 

3  652 

2.05(5 

1,411 

100 

133 

698 

450 

1,157 

287 


«§■ 


7,000 
7,485 

12,000 
3,751 
4,704 
3,105 
1,200 
698 
5,952 
4,074 
3,421 

11.016 
4,000 
6,097 
1.652 
2.280 
1,072 

35.544 
8,595 
9,659 
1,060 

2,(:oo 

3,000 

1.839 

10,917 

1,810 


2.766 
1.960 
10.000 
2,322 

1,729 

876 

....I 

305' 

2,227 

2,498 

2.606 

3,896 

600 

i',666| 
'525' 

10,165 
4,642 
2,360 


1,654 

i 

8,879 
1,660, 


$150 

74 

366 

211 

168 

125 

24 

20 

178 

55 

64 

147 

105 

132 

4.5 

112 

238 

191 

4,616 

26 

24 

177 

100 

97 

82 


764  1,506  28,528  25,576 j  153,521  57.250.  7,506  17.195  10.053  10,09"  276,918  80.467  402.233 


$647 
743 

2,961 
434 
101 
432 
10 
29 

1,71 1 
187 
900 

a54 

200 
600 

'236 


^ 

ok 
0 

IS 

!lf6l7 

163 

1,780 

a32 
11 

208 
79 
32 
967 
160 
349 
884 
600 
154 


12; 


,591 

298 

627 

1,025 

1,039 

417 

27 

17 

75 

700 

600 

500 

600 

998 

763 

119 

105 

$222 

$12,237 

143 

15,625 

1,494 

56,664 

213 

8.892 

565 

6,600 

626 

9,366 

6,315 

i45 

446 

680 

30,7861 

80 

6.660 

988 

7.501 

915 

2,475 

50 
60 

114 

3 

903 

847 
424 


426 
300 
694 
316 


10.000 
22,549 


4,877 

15.899 

16,872 

332 

10,000 

6,280 

6,000 

13,740 

8,913 


®100 

7.7i 

10,856 

260 

2,250 

"5 

5,013 

160 

1.873 

1,354 

38,000 


153 

4.940 
2,23(3 


900 
3,000 
1.545 

116 


iM3.873 
16,763 
70.972 
20,938 

7,705 
13.007 

5,428 

676 

39.235 

7,172 
11.665 

6,129 
48,855 
23,485 

542 

5,169 
2'^.869 
20.798 

9,827 

10,070 

99 

9.082 
10,400 
17,837 

9,650 


27 


222 


Ecclesiastical  Statihtics. 


[April, 


The  German  Reformed  Church  (American,)  publishes  as  follows ; 


CLASSES. 

Clarion , 

East  Pennsylvania, 

East  Susquehanna, 

Goshenhoppen, 

Illinois, 

Indiana, 

Lancaster,  General  Synod, 

Lancaster,  Synod  of  Ohio,  &c 

Lebanon, 

Maryland, 

Mercersburg, 

Miami, 

New  York, 

North  Carolina, 

Philadelphia, 

Sandusky, 

Sheboygan, 

St.  John's, 

St.  Joseph, 

Tiffin, 

Virginia 

Westmoreland, 

•West  Susquehanna, 

Zion, 

Classes,  24.  Total 


Minis- 
ters. 


Ch's. 


Com'ta 
added  on 
Confirma- 
tion. 


Com'ts 
added  on 
Certificate 


Total  No. 
of  Com- 
muni- 
cants. 


Bap- 
tisms. 


14 

23 
15 
13 
6 
9 
17 
12 
15 
26 
26 
26 


360 


75 

41 
3 
14 
35 
29 
61 
46 
50 
57 
9 
26 
18 
39 
4 
80 
28 
54 
34 
49 
54 
73 


263 
999 
426 
385 
4 

18 
144 
156 
605 
317 
304 
270 


272 
130 

19 
350 

67 
173 

67 

34 
209 
452 


1,013 


5,819 


11 

57 
25 
13 
28 
27 

55 
121 

128 
163 

i 

254 
12 
19 

io 

146 
16 
13 

62 


2,649 
11.875 
3,996 
5,206 

230 

319 
1,424 
1,142 
7,343 
5,461 
3,922 
2.761 
1,147 
1633 
2,809 
1,188 

351 
4,960 

753 
2,361 
1,459 
1.621 
2,993 
5,807 


447 
1,984 
641 
624 
36 
119 
253 
1.54 
1,296 
831 
559 
403 
297 
127 
262 
191 
73 
655 
176 
351 
102 
120 
814 
686 


73,410   10,701 


In  this  connection  it  may  be  interesting 
to  notice  the  summaries  of  evangelical 
churches,  respectively  under  Episcopal, 
Presbyterian  and  Congregational  govern- 
ment. We  attempt  this  with  the  under- 
standing that  it  is  hardly  more  than  a 
rough  estimate,  and  omitting  various  slight 
bodies  in  each  direction  of  which  we  can 
get  no  direct  information.  Nor  are  the 
classified  bodies  all  exactly  of  the  same 
grade,  even  when  so  grouped.  The  Mor- 
avians we  do  not  include  in  either  case, 
from  a  doubt  where  they  fairly  belong  : 


I.  Episcopal.         Ministers.     Churches. 

Commu- 

nicaiits. 

Protestant  Episcopal, 

2,051     2,110  (par.) 

135,767 

Methodist  Episcopal, 

6,.502 

956,555 

"               "  South 

2,571 

691,603 

Other  Methodists, 

350 

40  2.55 

Total, 

11,474 

1,824,180 

11.  Presbyterian. 

Presbyterian  by    ) 
name,  as  above,  j 

6^19 

7,954 

643,386 

Reformed  Dutch, 

410 

409 

50,304 

Evangelical  Lutheran, 

1,128 

2,048 

208,263 

German  Reformed, 

360 

1,013 

73,410 

Methodist  Protestant 

*        2,000 

1,200 

70,000 

Total, 

10,217 

12,624 

1,045,363 

III.    CONGREG.WIONAL. 

Trinitarian  Cong.,  2,908 

Regular  Baptists,  7,968 

Other  Baptist,*  2,258 

Wesleyan  Methodists,  565 

Other  Methodists,  200 


2,676  257.634 

12,730  1,062,681 

3,575  173,683 

600(est'd)    21,565 

200(esfd)   10.200 


Total, 


13,799      19,781 


1.525,773 


*  Their  polity  is  at  least,  neither  Congregational 
nor  Episcopal. 


If  we  limit  the  inquiry  simply  to  the 
United  States,  we  find  the  result  as  fol- 
lows : 

Episcopal,  11,317        1,810.671 

Presbyterian,  9,742        12,032  993,013 

Congregational,  13,373        19,132        1,453,362 

It  will  be  thus  seen  that  neither  of  the 
three  forms  of  Church  polity  have  pre- 
dominance ;  and  the  figures,  instead  of 
ministering  to  the  pride  of  either,  only 
lead  Christians  to  rejoice  that  the  sacra- 
mental host  is  so  large,  though  differently 
organized.  A  total  of  4,277,046,  actual 
communicants  in  Protestant  and  evangel- 
ical churches  of  our  land,  is  no  slight  pro- 
portion of  its  adult  population.  Instead 
of  figliting  each  other,  they  should  be  bat- 
tling against  the  common  toes,  "  the  world, 
the  flesh,  and  the  devil." 

*  \Ve  have  included  neither  the  Tunkers  nor  "Dis- 
ciples," who  would  add  2,200  ministers,  2,150  church- 
es, and  358,200  members. 


I860.]  Meiliods  of  Missionary  Lahor  at  the  Wed. 


223 


METHODS  OF  MISSIONARY  LABOR  AT  THE  WEST. 


BY    REV.    DANIEL    P.    NOTES,    NEW    YORK. 


The  esteemed  author  of  the  interest- 
ing article  in  the  January  number  of  The 
Congregational  Quarterbj,  seems  to  have 
fallen  into  certain  errors — easily  account- 
ed for  by  the  brevity  of  his  Missionary 
experience — respecting  the  system  pur- 
sued by  the  American  Home  Missionary 
Society.  Ordinarily,  such  mistakes  might 
be  left  to  rectify  themselves.  But,  in  the 
present  instance,  having  been  made  the 
ground  of  charges  against  the  Society,  and 
having  furnished  a  weapon  to  the  assail- 
ants of  its  administration  which  does  not 
fairly  belong  to  them,  it  seems  proper 
that  they  should  be  corrected. 

The  errors  of  our  friend  are  three  in 
number : 

First  :  In  supposing  that  the  Society's 
Mij^sionaries  are  commissioned  solely  upon 
the  application  o?  churches  already  organ- 
ized. 

Missionaries  are  often  commissioned 
upon  the  application  of  persons  in  a  neigh- 
borhood or  district ;  and  are  also  sent 
into  destitutions  before  any  application 
has  been  made,  for  the  purpose  of  gather- 
ing new  congregations.  Of  "  the  thirty- 
four  Missionaries,"  (observes  Rev.  Rich- 
ard Hall,  the  Society's  Agent  for  Min- 
nesota,) "  who  are  named  in  the  Annual 
Report  for  1859,  as  having  labored  "  in 
that  State  during  the  year,  no  less  than 
nine  were  commissioned  *  *  *  on  the 
application  of  a  congregation — there  being 
no  church  organized ;"  and  "  four  more 
■were  commissioned  icithout  application 
from  Church  or  congregation,  to  labor 
where  the  Gospel  had  never  been  statedly 
preached." 

Secondly :  The  article  in  question 
states  that  the  Society  is  "  doing  but  lit- 
tle for  the  orgaization  of  new  churches," 
and  for  seeking  out  the  "  lost  sheep  ;"  and 
eeems  to  recommend,  that  a  man  be  sent 


into  every  county  "  to  do  this  preparatory 
work  !" 

The  Society's  Agent  for  Minnesota  is 
certainly  good  authority,  for  that  State. 
In  the  article  published  in  The  Congrega- 
tional Herald,  from  which  a  quotation  has 
already  been  made,  he  says: 

"  If  we  except  six  of  the  Congregational 
churches  in  the  State,  all  the  rest  have  been 
organized  by  men  who  either  were  at  the 
time  missionaries  of  the  A.  H.  M.  S.,  or 
who  became  so  almost  immediately  after 
the  organization  of  the  churches  to  which 
they  ministered,  and  on  application  made 
by  those  churches.  In  most  cases,  too, 
the  commission  of  the  missionar)-,  although 
issued  later,  dated  back  to  the  commence- 
ment of  his  labors — back  to  a  time  prece- 
ding the  organization  of  the  Church." 

"  Perhaps  it  is  desirable  that  more  Pres- 
byterian and  Congregational  churches 
should  have  been  organized  in  the  State, 
the  past  year.  The  number  organized  by 
the  missionaries  of  the  A.  H.  M.  S.,  is 
nine.  It  is  certainly  verj'  desirable,  that 
eiff/d  who  are  now  destitute  should  be  sup- 
plied with  ministers.  As  a  good  reason 
why  a  smaller  number  has  been  organized 
than  in  some  previous  years,  it  should  be 
considered,  that  for  two  years  past,  there 
has  been  almost  no  immigration  into  the 
State.  Indeed,  during  this  period,  nearly 
every  town  has  been  growing  beautifully 
less.  The  churches  aided,  in  many  cases 
have  been  obliged  to  increase,  instead  of 
diminishing  the  amount  of  aid  applied  for. 
In  one  case,  a  Church  that  had  been  self- 
supporting  has  come  upon  the  Society,  and 
one  or  two  others  are  likely  to  be  compelled 
to  do  the  same.  In  such  a  state  of  things, 
the  necessity  and  the  encouragement  for 
multiplying  new  organizations,  is  less  than 
it  would  be  in  a  time  of  general  prosperity 
and  progress." 

To  supp!}^  each  County  with  an  itiner- 
ant, for  the  "  preparatory  work,"  would 
require  fifty-one  additional  missionaries. 


224 


Methods  of  Missionary  Lahor  at  the  West.         [April, 


Nine  of  the  counties  are  uninhabited ", 
and  "  another  nine  are  so  thinly  peopled, 
that  in  October,  1859,  they  polled,  on  an 
average,  less  than  sixty  votes  apiece." 

"This  preparatory  work,"  adds  !Mr. 
Hall,  "is  what  every  frontier  missionary 
does  ;  and  he  begins  at  the  beginning.  He 
begins  his  labors  wherever  he  can  gather  a 
congregation,  and  where  he  judges  there  is  a 
prospect  of  success.  In  due  time  he  forms 
a  Church,  perhaps  several  churches ;  and 
then  he  does  not  leave  them,  but  continues 
to  look  after  them,  and  lead  them  along, 
till  he  can  drop  off  one  or  more  into  the 
hands  of  some  other  laborer,  for  whom  he 
has  prepared  the  way,  and  thus  be  able  at 
length  to  bestow  his  own  labors  wholly 
upon  one  Church." 

It  is  believed  that  the  pioneer  labors  of 
the  American  Home  Missionary  Society 
will  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any 
denomination  employing  an  "  educated 
ministry  ;"  and  that  they  are  as  extensive 
as  its  resources,  of  money  and  of  men,  will 
permit. 

Thirdly  :  Our  friend  supposes  both  of 
the  two  denominations  co-operating  in 
the  Society  to  be  hampered  by  their  union. 

This  is  properly  true  of  but  one  ;  the 
other  having  freed  itself — in  principle, 
and,  to  a  great  degree,  in  fact — from  the 
restraints  of  a  co-operative  relation,  and 
having  assumed  the  full  liberty  of  doing, 
through  its  own  denominational  agency, 
whatsoever  it  can,  for  the  promotion  of 
its  own  separate  denominational  interests. 
This  agency  is  understood,  and  is  seen,  to 
be  particularly  devoted,  at  the  present 
time,  to  precisely  the  kind  of  "  prepara- 
tory work  "  in  which  the  Home  ^Mission- 
ary  Society  has  been  supposed,  by  the 
contributor  to  this  Quarterly,  to  fail.  But 
the  trouble  has  never  been  that  the  So- 
ciety was  unable  to  explore  new  coun- 
tries, organize  churches,  and  look  after 
"  lost  sheep  "  in  the  wilderness ; — else  had 
the  States,  which  have  been  the  fields  of 
its  so  fruitful  labors,  befen  indeed  worthy 
of  commiseration  ;  but  the  sole  difficulty 
■was,  that,  being  a  co-operative  Society,  it 


could  not  explore,  organize  and  nurture, 
under  denominational  "  direction,"  for 
the  distinctive  promotion  of  denomina- 
tional growth. 

But  our  friend  was  undoubtedly  cor- 
rect in  the  supposition,  that  existing 
jealousies  and  conflicts  between  denomina- 
tions at  the  West — stimulated,  as  they  are, 
on  one  side,  by  having  been  organized 
into  a  system  and  established  in  perma- 
nence— are  an  embarrassment  to  the  So- 
ciety. In  various  ways,  they  obstruct  its 
administration  and  diminish  its  resources. 
The  existence  of  these  rivalries  is  not, 
however,  a  defect  in  the  Society's  consti- 
tion  ;  or  in  any  of  its  rules  or  methods. 
Hostility  to  cooperation  is  hardly  a  fault 
chargeable  upon  the  cooperative  Society ; 
nor  are  the  fruits  of  division  to  be  set 
down  to  the  account  of  them  whose  whole 
work  is  in  a  union.  This  responsibility, 
at  least,  does  not  rest  upon  the  Society. 

As  the  subject  in  hand  is  one  on  which 
serious  misconceptions  have  existed,  and 
probably  still  exist,  it  may  be  well  briefly 
to  recapitulate  the  leading  points  of  that 
missionary  system  which  has  now  stogd 
the  test  of  more  than  thirty  years'  expe- 
rience. 

The  system  of  the  American  Home 
Missionary  Society,  provides,  in  the  first 
place,  for  the  general  exploration  of  its 
entire  field — and  that,  to  any  extent  that 
circumstances  may  at  any  time  require. 
But  while  doing  this,  it  does  not  encourage 
that  fruitless  vagrancy  which  busies  itself 
with  an  aimless  running  about,  and  results 
in  nothing  but  a  perpetual  repetition  of 
familiar  facts  and  an  ineffectual  cry  of 
"  destitution  !  " 

This  system  provides,  secondly,  for 
the  occupation  of  the  entire  field — so  far 
as  the  supply  of  men  and  of  money  can 
be  made  to  go — with  njixed  ministry;  and 
encourages  tiie  early  formation  of  the  pas- 
toral relation. 

But,  thihdly: — Along  the  frontiers, 
and  in  all  sparsely  settled  regions*,  the  So- 
ciety sustains  missionaries  whose  labors 
cover    a    considerable    territory — circuit 


I860.] 


Editor's  Table. 


225 


preachere,  in  fact,  having  their  several 
stations  to  be  visited  regularly  in  turn. 
These  missionaries  are  expected  to  select 
the  most  important  place  within  their  dis- 
trict as  their  home  ;  and  so  to  shape  and 
proportion  their  labors  as  to  ensure  perma- 
nent results,  if  no  where  else,  at  least  in 
the  places  where  they  live.  This  has 
been  found  to  be,  in  general,  the  best  way 
of  doing  the  pioneer  work.  For,  unless  a 
missionary  live  upon  his  field,  and  so  far 
concentrate  his  labors  at  some  one  place 
as  to  lay  permanent  foundations — unless 
his  work  has  a  method  and  a  center — it  is 
very  apt  to  run  to  waste. 


It  is  proper  to  add,  that  the  explora- 
tions of  the  Society  are,  at  all  times  and 
everywhere,  far  in  advance  of  its  means 
of  supply.  There  has  probably  never 
been  a  day  since  its  organization,  when  it 
could  not  have  furnished  employment  to 
one  hundred  additional  missionaries,  if 
that  number  of  really  competent  men  had 
presented  themselves. 

It  is  confidently  believed,  that  all  future 
experience  will  continue  to  prove,  as  all 
past  experience  has  demonstrated,  the 
substantial  wisdom  of  the  system  involved 
in  the  foregoing  principles. 


(15  bi  tor's    CabU. 


^  The  Christian  Examiner,  a  periodical  we 
read  with  great  interest,  had  in  its  Septem- 
ber number  a  rather  testy  article  on  Con- 
gregationalism, which  the  Christian  Reg- 
ister, of  October  8,  1859,  followed  up  with 
remarks  which  are  a  cross  between  peevish 
and  puckery.  Some  friend  having  sent  us 
an  extra  sheet  of  the  one,  and  a  copy  of  the 
other,  we  have  read  them  with  extra  care. 
The  tone  of  the  whole  is  complaint ;  and 
the  drift  of  complaint  is,  that  Christians  of 
our  faith  and  order  are  engaged  in  a  deter- 
mined plan  to  deprive  our  Unitarian  neigh- 
bors of  the  name  of  Congregational.  We 
had  long  ago  usurped  "  Orthodox  ;"  un- 
satisfied, we  swallowed  up  "  Evangelical ;" 
and  now  we  are  bent  upon  being  the  only 
"  Congregationalists  "  in  the  land, — with 
profound  hints  that  we  shall  be  after  a 
fourth  title  pretty  soon.  The  conspiracy 
is  deep  laid,  but  our  sharp-scented  neigh- 
bors have  discovered  it.  It  crops  out  in 
the  Dublin  law-suit ;  it  speaks  in  the 
Hymn  Book,  Union,  Library  Association, 
Year  Book,  and  "  many  more  ....  too 
numerous  to  particularize,"  which  appro- 
priate the  title  of  Congregational,  appa- 
rently without  the  least  remorse ;  it  has 
warped  the  staid  old  American  Almanac  it- 
self ;  and,  as  if  anything  more  harrowing 
still  was  wanted,  in  the  Neto  American 
Cyclopedia,  edited,  in  part,  by  a  man  once 
1  Crowded  out  from  the  last  number. 
VOL.   II.  27* 


a  Unitarian  minister,  and  not  now  cele- 
brated for  Orthodoxy,  there  is  an  article  in 
which  appears  the  atrocious  declaration  that 
the  common,  colloquial  use  of  the  term 
Congregational,  refers  it  to  the  main  de- 
nomination bearing  that  title ;  a  declara- 
tion by  no  means  atoned  for,  even  by  the 
admission  that  Congregationalism  "  may  be 
connected  with  any  form  of  doctrine." 
This  conspiracy  is  characterized  by  "  sys- 
tematic artifice  and  stealthy  cunning  ;"  it 
means,  •'  by  floodiug  the  common  speech, 
to  sink  its  [i.  e.,  the  word  '  Congrega- 
tional's,']  legitimate  sense  ;"  it  is  bent  on 
"  debauching  the  language  ;"  "  flippancy  " 
and  "  audacity,"  "  monopoly  "  and  "  ma- 
chinery," on  the  one  hand  have  found 
"  suiDineness  "  and  "  indifl'erency  "  on  the 
other,  until  the  work  of  "  twenty  years  " 
has  aff"ected  not  only  the  "  religious  world," 
but  has  even  corrupted  the  "  secular  press," 
But— 

"  The  best  laid  schemes  o'  mice  and  men, 
Gang  aft  a-gley  " — 

the  plot  is  discovered.  We  might  as  well 
give  it  up. 

We  are  alluded  to  as  among  those  who 
are  "cunning"  in  this  project,  by  taking 
the  title  we  did.  We  beg  leave  to  profess 
the  most  profound  unconsciousness  of  any 
such  generalship.  We  adopted  the  name 
because  we  liked  it ;  we  mean  to  make  this 
Quarterly  "  Congregational."     But  we  no 


226 


Editor's  Table. 


[April, 


more  mean  to  imply  thereby  that  there 
are  no  other  Congregationalists  in  the  land, 
than  our  neighbors,  Avho  sail  imder  the 
flag  of  "  Christian  Register,"  mean  thereby 
to  assume  that  all  the  Christianity  there  is, 
(especially  as  to  a  mild  and  loveable  spirit,) 
is  condensed  into  their  establishment ;  or 
that  the  '^Christian  Examiner"  embodies 
the  sole  examination  conducted  on  Chris- 
tian principles,  or  that  the  "  Massachu- 
setts Evangelical  [Unitarian]  Missionary 
Society  "  is  in  exclusive  charge  of  the  gos- 
pel ;  or  that  the  ♦'  Benevolent  Fraternity  of 
[Unitarian]  Churches  "  has  absorbed  all  the 
benevolence  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.  We 
allow  that  all  of  Christ's  churches  which 
hold  to  our  form  of  government,  are  Con- 
gregational,— even  the  General  Baptists, 
the  Freewill  Baptists,  and  certain  Metho- 
dist bodies,  which  our  neighbors  seem  to 
forget, — like  a  dory  forgetting  a  man-of- 
war.  We  are  certainly  willing  that  Unita- 
rians should  call  themselves  "  Congiega- 
tional ;"  but  they  will  not.  Their  Associa- 
tion is  the  "  Unitarian  Association  ;"  their 
Quarterly  [now  Monthly]  Journal  inserts 
"  Unitarian  "  churches  and  "  Unitarian  " 
ministers  ;  they  have  a  '*  Unitarian"  Book 
and  Tract  Society  at  the  South,  a  Con- 
ference of  "Unitarian"  churches  at  the 
"West,  one  "Unitarian"  Association  in 
New  York,  and  another  in  Maine.  Surely 
they  cannot  complain  that  popular  usage 
follows  their  own  example,  and  uses  short 
names  instead  of  the  ponderous  "  Trinita- 
rian Congregationalists  "  and  "  Unitarian 
Congregationalists,"  especially  as  neither  is 
really  correct.  "  Thee  talks  a  great  deal  of 
thy  home,"  said  a  sleepy  but  sagacious 
Quaker,  to  a  party  of  serenaders  below  his 
window  ;  "  thee  seems  to  think  a  great  deal 
of  thy  home  ;  thee  says  there's  no  place 
like  home ;  now  if  thee  has  such  a  high 
opinion  of  thy  home,  why  don't  thee  go  to 
thy  home  ?"  We  look  to  our  friends  for 
correct  example  ;  we  expect  to  hear  them 
regularly  saying  "Unitarian  Congrega- 
tionalists ;"  but,  lo,  almost  the  only  So- 
ciety which,  under  Unitarian  authority, 
retains  the  title  "  Congregational  "  at  all, 
is  the  "  Congregational  Charitable  Society," 
which  is,  as  the  Examiner  says,  "  almost 
Unitarian  to  a  man  ;"  rather  hard,   by  the 


way,  to  twit  us  of  that,  when  we  would 
very  willingly  help  administer  that  very 
handsome  fund,  only  that  they  who  have 
secured  control  of  a  Society  founded  by  the 
Convention  of  Congregational  Ministers, 
itself  Orthodox  three  to  one,  will  not  let 
us  in. 

Our  friends  are  mistaken.  There  is  no 
such  conspiracy.  There  is  no  desire 
to  deny  Congregationalism  to  Unitarian 
churches.  Our  "  Congregational  Library 
Association," — of  which  the  Examiner  says, 
"  let  no  Congregationalist  outside  that 
["sectarian"]  line,  make  advance,  in  his 
innocence,  to  the  benefits  of  the  Library," — 
not  only  allow  a  perfectly  free  use  of  the 
Library  to  such  innocents,  but  even  makes 
them  eligible  to  office  in  the  Association 
itself.  Personally, — the  Massachusetts  Reg- 
ister, which,  up  to  a  dozen  or  less  years 
ago,  said  merely  "Congregational"  and 
••  Unitarian,"  was  led  to  introduce  the 
"T.  C."  and  "  U.  C,"  by  one  of  the  edi- 
tors of  this  Quarter!!/.  There  is  no  plot  of 
the  aggravating  Orthodox.  Popular  usage 
has  a  term  which  precise  statement  finds 
inaccui'ate,  and  uses  the  term  merely  for 
convenience. 

We  freely  admit  Congregational  churches 
to  be  Congregational.  But  still,  we  wish 
to  be  understood.  If  Unitarian  churches 
are  to  become  extinct  by  being  merged  in 
Societies, — if  they  cease  to  act  in  regard  to 
pastorates,  as  many  already  have, — if  the 
line  which  the  Scriptures  establish  between 
the  "  Church  "  and  the  "  world"  is  oblit- 
erated, then  they  cease  to  be  Congrega- 
tional. Congregationalism  cannot  exist 
without  organized  churches.  The  acci- 
dental matter  of  corporate  societies  or  mere 
congregations,  does  not  make  Congre- 
gationalism. Societies  without  churches 
have  no  right  to  the  name.  They  are  like 
the  Irishman's  hole  in  a  bank  ;  he  dug  the 
bank  away  and  left  the  hole  sticking  up. 

If,  again,  it  is  intended  to  be  implied 
that  we  and  they  are  one  denomination  in 
two  branches,  because  one  form  of  Church 
polity  is  common  to  us  both,  then  we  beg 
leave  to  dissent.  We  and  they  are  two. 
Nor,  if  it  were  to  be  settled  that  either 
should  enjoy  possession  of  the  simple  title 
"Congregational,"    as    a    distinctive    de- 


I860.] 


Editor's  Talk. 


227 


norainatiotial  name,  should  we  yield  our 
right.  We  are  the  old  Congregationalist 
denomination  ;  the  same  with  that  of  early 
New  England.  Unitarians  are  not.  They 
were  a  small  section  of  seceders,  leaving  us, 
the  main  and  immensely  larger  body,  in 
full  possession  of  the  denominational  home- 
stead. They  continue  to  possess,  it  is  true, 
the  same  form  of  Church  government ;  but 
we  possess,  by  lineal  descent,  the  old  form 
of  government,  the  old  creeds,  the  old  doc- 
trines, the  old  fonns.  Their  secession  no 
more  requires  us  to  prefix  a  new  title  to 
our  name,  and  no  more  entitles  them  to  be 
considered  a  part  of  the  old  denomination, 
than  a  small  secession  from  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  coidd  clatm  thattheold 
body  should  prefix  a  new  adjective,  or  that 
they  were  the  old  Church.  The  seceding 
250  churches  may  need  some  exclusive 
name  to  denote  their  separation  from  the 
2,800  remaining  in  the  original  body,  but 
the  original  body  does  not.  We  are,  his- 
torically, the  "  Congregationalist  dcnomi- 
ination  ;"  they  are  "  Congregational  Uni- 
tarian ;"  for  the  word  "  Congregationalist " 
has  a  technical  denominational  meaning 
as  well  as  a  descriptive  meaning  ;  in  the 
first  sense,  it  is  ours  alone ;  in  the  latter,  it 
belongs  to  us,  to  Unitarians,  to  Baptists, 
and  to  many  Methodists. 

We  wish  also  to  protest  against  the  no- 
tion that  Independency  and  Congregation- 
alism are  the  same.  The  Examiner  seems 
to  think  that  there  is  no  process  by  which 
«'  nice  distinctions  could  be  run  between 
them,"  and  declares  that  "  Pilgrim  Fathers 
were  nursed  at  the  breast  of  Independency." 
Not  so.  The  Independency  of  the  early 
fathers  was  modern  Congregationalism. 
Those  called  Independents  in  the  Westmin- 
ster Assembly,  disclaimed  the  very  name  ; 
they  call  it  "  that  proud  and  insolent  title ;" 
•'we  did  then  and  do  here"  say  they, 
"  publicly  profess  we  believe  the  truth  to 
lie  and  consist  in  a  middle  way  between  that 
which  is  falselj'  charged  on  us,  Brownism 
[Independency,]  and  .  .  .  the  authorita- 
tive Presbyterial  government."  "When  we 
have  space,  we  will  carry  out  this  line  of 
thought.  At  present,  the  result  of  Unita- 
rian Independency  may  be  seen  in  the  Ex- 
aminer's own  admission  that  grave  doubts 


exist  in  their  body  whether  they  are  a  de- 
nomination at  all.  It  admits  that  the 
phrase  "bond  of  union,"  as  "  applied  to 
them,  is  but  a  flourish,"  which  we  admit, 
and  wherein  is  seen  just  the  difl!'erence 
between  Independency  and  Congregational- 
ism. The  latter  has  an  outer  bond  of  union ; 
the  former  has  not. 

While  Unitarian  leaders  are  fretfully 
complaining  of  colloquial  usage,  and  at 
the  same  time  are  apparently  drifting 
towards  Independency,  it  is  a  little  remark- 
able that  in  the  Universalis!  General 
Convention,  the  tide  sets  the  other  way. 
They  are  tired  of  Congregationalism.  The 
report  of  their  "  Committee  on  the  state  of 
the  Church,"  made  at  the  last  session  of 
their  Convention,  and  published  in  full  in 
the  Tru»ipet  of  October  22,  1859,  wants  a 
"more  efficient  organization."  They  say 
they  are  now  betwixt  Congregationalism 
and  this  "more  efficient"  plan,  to  which 
preceding  Conventions  have  looked,  but,  so 
far,  in  vain.  They  object  to  going  back  to 
"  simple  Congregationalism."  They  hope 
the  "  people  are  not  in  its  favor,"  and  they 
believe  they  are  not.  Several  States  have 
declared  against  it ;  Rhode  Island  has  ob- 
jected, Indiana  has  echoed  back  the  cry, 
and  Massachusetts  has  joined  her  voice. 
"  Pure  Congregationalism,"  say  the  Com- 
mittee, "  is  unnatural ;"  it  is  "  a  Avaste  of 
power."  They  want  the  General  Conven- 
tion to  be  a  "  live  central  body,  with  real 
powers ;"  and  to  be  empowered  to  hold 
funds ;  and  to  collect  a  regular  percentage 
tax  from  the  churches  ;  and  to  be  "  not  a 
mere  court  of  appeal ;"  and  to  imitate  the 
Methodists  in  their  book  establishment, 
"  as  a  means  of  power  and  source  of  reve- 
nue ;"  and  to  be  "  sowing  seeds  and  culti- 
vating harvests  in  the  outer  fields,"  (which 
means,  we  sui^ijose,  "  in  advance  of  all  oth- 
ers.") They  do  not  exactly  like  Dr.  Bel- 
lows' Broad  Church,  for  Dr.  Bellows  is 
"  finical  and  ■visionary  in  many  things  he 
has  said,"  and  indulges  in  "rhetorical 
swells,"  but  they  think  he  said  many 
things  about  the  Church,  which  ought  to 
"  enlist  the  sympathy  of  all  earnest  disci- 
ples of  ^Christ," — which  means  consolida- 
tion,  if  we  understand  it.     They  declare 


228 


EdUor's  Table, 


[April, 


that  "  the  Romish  and  Episcopal  churches 
have  the  right  theory  on  the  "  subject  "  of 
infant  Church  membership,  which  is,  that 
•'  children  are  born  into  the  Church,"  as 
they  are  into  "  the  State,"  and  ought  to  be 
confirmed  when  they  get  old  enough. 
What  will  grow  out  of  this  intended  eclec- 
ticism from  Presbyterianism,  Methodism, 
Episcopacy,  and  Popery,  we  are  puzzled  to 
see,  though  we  have  an  idea  that  they  are 
groping,  as  Nebuchadnezzar  did,  to  find 
his  dream,  and  that  when  it  takes  shape,  it 
will  be  like  the  image  which  Daniel  de- 
scribed, (ii :  31-33,)  "whose  brightness 
was  excellent,"  but  which,  from  certain 
inherent  faults  of  structure,  speedily  met  a 
melancholy  fate.  The  whole  plan,  as  one 
of  the  signs  of  the  times,  is  queer  rather 
than  otherwise. 

The  letters  we  have  received  regarding  the 
Statistics  of  our  Churches,  are  various. 
Most  of  them  are  good  natured  even  when 
correcting  errors ;  and  we  thank  all  who 
have  done  us  this  favor ;  but  some  are 
slightly  the  reverse.  We  shall  now  allude  to 
but  one  error,  viz.,  that,  in  our  Michigan  list 
were  the  names  of  ten  Presbyterian  minis- 
ters. W^e  acknowledge  the  mistake;  we 
will  never  put  Presbyterians  into  such  good 
company  again  if  we  can  help  it.  Three 
times  have  we  been  talked  to  ;  1st,  by  the 
Clerk  of  Synod  there,  whose  letter  was  a 
courteous  and  generous  explanation  of  our 
mistake ;  2d,  by  a  Congregationalist  brother 
there,  who  explained  that  although  these 
names  appear  in  the  Michigan  minutes, 
part  of  them  were  starred,  with  reference  to 
the  fact  that  such  were  not  members  of  As- 
sociations,— to  which  we  can  only  say  that 
where  a  name  is  in  Congregational  statistics, 
it  is  to  be  presumed  that  it  is  of  a  Congre- 
gationalist, even  if  there  is  not  techni- 
cal membership  in  association,  which  nei- 
ther gives  nor  implies  ecclesiastical  stand- 
ing ;  the  word  "  Presbyterian"  ought  to 
have  been  inserted, — although  for  the  fu- 
ture we  shall  understand  that  "  out  west," 
stars  denote  Presbyterians ;  "  e  vivis  ces- 
serunt  stelligeri,"  says  our  triennial.  3d,  we 
find  in  the  Neto  York  Evangelist,  a  flippant 
letter  on  the  matter,  from  somebody  whose 
brilliancy   may  be   known   from   the  fact 


that  he  calls  Michigan  a  "  small  State," 
and  his  tone  implies  that  (though  we  only 
guess,)  he  is  one  of  those  former  Congre- 
gationalists  who  felt  that  "  Congregational- 
ism wouldn't  do  for  the  West,"  and  were 
very  cross  because  we  did  not  see  fit  to  re- 
main the  Eastern  side  of  the  picket  fence 
they  tried  to  build  up  and  down  the  Hudson, 
and  who  have  been  growing  crosser  con- 
tinually as  it  is  seen  that  Congregationalism 
does  do  for  the  West.  However  that  may 
be,  the  writer  intimates  that  our  list  is 
swelled  by  including  names  not  ours.  Why, 
the  fact  is,  we  erred  the  other  way.  We 
cut  out  the  names  of  plenty  of  good  Con- 
grcgationalists,  for  the  mere  accident  that 
they  are  temporally  in  charge  of  Presbyte- 
rian churches.  It  could  be  no  serious 
crime  to  insert  names  of  men  who  were 
either  pastors  of  our  churches  or  members 
of  our  associations  ;  but  we  did  not  mean 
to.  We  have  no  anxiety  for  brethren, 
who,  however  excellent  in  all  other  relations 
ride  two  ecclesiastical  horses  at  once.  Our 
3000  ministers  and  2500  churches  can  sur- 
vive the  loss. 

On  the  other  hand,  suppose  our  anony- 
mous friend  turn  his  attention  to  his  own 
list — the  New  School  Presbyterians.  We 
can  reduce  that  list  by  scores,  from  our 
own  information.  If  a  man  was  ever  a 
member  of  Presbytery,  and  has  never  taken 
the  trouble  to  sunder  a  long  forgotten  mem- 
bership, he  is  still  enumerated  there,  al- 
though for  years  a  Congregationalist  minis- 
ter and  strong  in  Congregational  polity. 
We  do  not  complain,  however.  W^e  only 
make  a  suggestion  to  people  who  live  in 
glass  houses.  Our  own  readers  will  under- 
stand the  extreme  difficulty  of  deciding  on 
the  ecclesiastical  character  of  doubtful 
cases.  We  assure  them  that  our  list  is 
far  below  the  reality  now.  We  mean  to 
make  it  perfect.  In  the  meantime  we  hope 
it  is  becoming  more  evident  that  Congrega- 
tionalism and  Presbyterianism  are  tAvo. 
We  respect  the  staunch  Old  School  portion  ; 
we  respect  the  idea  of  Young  Presbytery 
in  the  New.  When  the  latter  Avorks  itself 
into  shape,  the  disruption  in  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  will  end  of  itself;  and  clean 
lines  of  distinction  between  the  two  denom- 
inations will  help  Christian  union. 


I860.] 


Editor's  Table. 


229 


As  an  illustration  of  the  fact  that  our 
list  is  too  small,  as  well  as  for  its  interest 
to  our  denomination,  we  subjoin  part  of  a 
letter  just  received  from  a  missionary  in 
South  Africa  : 

Soi'TH  Africa,  } 


Dec.  28,  1859. 

Dear  Sir  : — Though  personally  a  stranger 
to  you,  I  trust  you  will  pardon  the  liberty  I 
take  in  addressing  you. 

I  happened,  a  short  time  since,  to  see,  for  a 
few  moments,  the  "  Congi'egational  Year 
Book,"  and  was  sxirprised  to  find  only  one 
name  recorded  as  a  Congregationalist  of  all 
the  Missionaries  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  in  South 
Africa.  I  thought  then  it  would  not  be  unac- 
ceptable to  you,  were  I  to  inform  you  how 
many  others  of  us  claim  kindred  with  you,  and 
would,  no  doubt,  be  pleased  to  have  the  claim 
allowed.  I  have  not  a  copy  of  the  Year  Book, 
and  I  am  not  sure  that  I  can  give  all  the  items 
of  dates  &c.,  which  are  required,  but  the  names 
and  places  of  education  I  give  below  : 

Rev.  Alden  Grout,  Amherst  College,  Ando- 
ver  Seminary  ;  came  as  a  missionary  to  South 
Africa  in  1834.     Umvoti. 

Rev.  Lewis  Grant,  Yale  College,  Andover 
and  New  Haven  ;  came  to  South  Africa  in 
1846.     Umsunduz'e. 

Rev.  David  Rood,  Williams  College,  1844, 
East  Windsor  Seminary  ;  came  here  in  1848. 
Amanzimtote. 

Rev.  Stephen  C.  Pixley,  Williams  College, 
1853,  East  Windsor  Seminary  ;  came  here  in 
1856.    Ajnahlonyioa. 

Rev.  W^illiam  Mellen,  Mission  Inst.,  111., 
New  Haven  Seminary ;  came  here  in  1853. 
Inanda. 

Rev.  William  Ireland,  Illinois  College,  184.5, 
Andover  Semiirary  ;  came  here  in  1849.  Ifumi. 

Rev.  Josiah  Tyler,  Amherst  College,  1845, 
East  Windsor  Seminary ;  came  here  in  1849. 
Esidumbi7U. 

Rev.  Hyman  A.  Wilder,  AVilliams  College, 
1845  ;  came  here  in  1849.     Umtwalumi. 

There  are  eight  Congregationalists  of  us 
among  the  twelve  missionaries  of  the  Board  at 
Natal.  The  Presbyterians  are  Rev.  S.  B.  Stone, 
Rev.  A.  Abraham,  Rev.  S.  McKinncy,  and  Rev. 
Daniel  Lindley,  now  in  America.  It  might  be 
a  consolation  to  the  General  Assembly,  N.  S.,  to 
know  that  the  Presbyterians,  or  a  part  of  them, 
have  united  with  one  or  two  Scotch  ministers  in 
this  Colony,  to  fonn  a  Presbytery .  The  Con- 
gregationalists have  formed  no  Association. 

It  will  be  interesting  for  you  to  learn  that  a 
goodly  number  of  the  Colonists  from  England 
in  this  Colony  are  Congregationalists.    There 


are  already  at  least  four  Chapels  erected,  and 
there  are  two  excellent  ministers  sent  out  by 
the  Colonial  Missionary  Society  of  England, 
though  I  believe  they  are  now  supported  by 
their  churches  here.  The  Congi-egationalists 
here  are  an  influential  class  of  our  community, 
zealous  of  good  works.  They  are  the  only 
churches  in  the  Colony  which  support  their 
ministers  without  foreign  or  government  aid. 
The  names  of  their  ministers  are  Rev.  G.  Y. 
Jeffreys  of  Durban,  who  is  the  son  of  one  of 
the  first  missionaries  to  Madagascar,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  late  Dr.  Jay's  Church,  in 
England.  Rev.  Mr.  Reynolds  is  the  minister 
in  Pietermaritzbiirg.  In  the  latter  place  there 
has  been  a  Congregational  Society  in  existence 
for  nearly  twelve  years,  and  not  till  recently 
were  they  able  to  procure  an  ordained  minis- 
ter. Mr.  D.  D.  Buchanan,  a  lawyer,  conducted 
services  usually.  Some  years  ago  they  gave  a 
twice-repeated  call  to  one  of  the  American 
Missionaries,  to  become  their  pastor,  with  the 
offer  of  a  liberal  salarj'. 

I  hope  you  will  not  deem  me  intrusive  in 
consequence  of  crating,  and  I  subscribe  myself 
in  the  bonds  of  the  Gospel. 

Yours  truly,  &c. 

"While  on  the  matter  of  statistics  we  may 
as  well  insert  a  paragraph  or  two  regarding 
the  New  School  Presbyterian  ^linutes, 
written  soon  after  their  reception,  but  laid 
aside.  They  occupy  two  hundred  and 
seventeen  pages,  and  are  full  of  valuable 
historical  matter.  The  Statistics,  how- 
ever, are  badly  arranged  and  very  de- 
fective,— the  arrangement  growing  out  of 
ministerial,  instead  of  ecclesiastical,  order. 
As  an  illustration, — ♦'  George  Pierson,  M. 
D.,  F.  M.,  Eboonlsl.,  ^Micronesia,"  appears 
to  be  pastor  of  a  Church  at  Shelbyville, 
Presbyterj'  of  Illinois  ;  "  Andrew  D.  Jack, 
F,  M.,  Nengenenge,  W.  Africa,"  is  set 
against  a  Church  at  Williamsport,  Synod 
of  Wabash  ;  "  Albert  Bushnoll,  F.  M., 
Gaboon,  "\V.  Africa,"  seems  to  be  minister 
of  a  Church  at  Monroe,  Presbytery  of  Cin- 
cinnati; "  John  H.  Shedd,  Andover,  Ms,," 
a  licentiate,  is  made  to  be  minister  at  Cen- 
tral College,  Synod  of  Ohio ; — all  of  which, 
with  scores  of  other  similar  appearances, 
result  from  the  blind  and  incorrect  arrange- 
ment of  tables,  in  which  there  is  no  sensi- 
ble order,  and  what  order  there  is,  is  an- 
nually disordered.  Then,  again,  of  the 
1,542  churches  enumerated,   a  hasty  count 


230 


Editor's  Table. 


[April, 


gives  us  over  300  churches  from  which  no 
reports  were  obtained,  besides  the  107  con- 
tained in  the  seceding  Synods  of  Missouri 
nnd  Virginia, — a  result  by  no  means  cred- 
itable to  the  efficient  organization  of  Pres- 
byterianism,  especially  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  the  items  required  embrace  neither 
dates,  nor  "males,"  "females,"  "absent," 
"  deaths,"  "  dismissals,"  "  excommunica- 
tions," nor  "Sabbath  Schools";  though 
it  adds  "  contributions "  to  five  objects. 
Statistically  speaking,  this  document  indi- 
cates that  the  various  Clerks  of  our  cum- 
brous neighbor  have  been  studying  "how 
not  to  do  it." 

Another  matter  puzzles.  In  a  religious 
paper,  a  few  weeks  ago,  we  read  that  the 
Presbytery  of  A.  had  settled  Rev.  Mr.  B. 
over  the  Congregational  Church  in  C,  in 
the  State  of  D.  We  refer  to  these  minutes 
and  find  that  Church,  but  it  is  recorded  as 
Presbyterian ;  and  rumor  tells  us  that  a 
hundred  or  two  more  of  Congregational 
churches  connected  with  Presbyteries,  but 
not  Presbyterian,  are  similarlj'  swelling  the 
dimensions  of  this  same  list,  as  pure  Pres- 
byterian churches.  "  Figures  will  not 
lie,"  but  they  sometimes  lead  to  very  re- 
markable inferences. 

We  have  a  suggestion  to  make  to  our 
Congregational  General  Associations  and 
Conferences.  It  is  that  they  will  all  con- 
sider the  desirableness  of  adopting  the  1st 
day  of  July  (not  including  that  day,)  as  the 
time  up  to  which  their  annual  statistical 
reports  shall  be  made  out.  The  objections 
will,  we  believe,  be  found  of  little  account. 
Very  few  now  make  them  to  correspond 
with  the  year,  and  the  advantages  of  a  uni- 
form period  are  evident.  We  name  July 
1,  because  that  date  will  allow  time  for 
collection  and  printing  in  the  several 
States,  and  time  for  our  reprinting  them  to 
issue  Jan.  1.  AVe  can  then  have  them  in 
one  book,  at  a  period  not  so  antiquated  as 
fiorae  now  are,  and  of  far  greater  value. 
Will  the  State  bodies  consider  the  matter 
favorably  ? 


We  cheerfully  give  place  to  a  correction 
(p.  223)  from  the  office  of  the  A.  H.  M. 
Society,  at  New  York,  of  the  article  on 
"Congregationalism  in  Minnesota,"  which 
appeared  in  our  issue  for  January.  The 
author  of  that  statement  will  of  course,  be 
pleased  to  learn  that  the  policy  and  pro- 
ceedings of  this  important  institution  come 
nearer  to  his  own  ideas  than  he  had  sup- 
posed. For  ourselves,  while  we  approve  of 
an  itinerating  ministry  to  a  limited  extent — 
and  to  X\\e  full  extent  which  the  A.  H.  M. 
Society  has  hitherto  employed  it  in  explor- 
ing new  territories, — we  nevertheless  look 
upon  the  permanent  lodgments  of  the  Gos- 
pel which  it  makes  in  the  rising  communi- 
ties of  the  West,  and  the  old  destitutions 
of  the  East,  as  its  most  important  function. 

We  wish  to  remind  our  readers  that  we 
insert  advertisements  because  they  are  a 
help  in  the  direction  where  help  is  needed. 
None  are  inserted,  however,  but  such  as 
will  bring  to  the  notice  of  our  readers  such 
articles  or  such  facts  as  are  of  value. 

The  advertisement  of  J.  D.  Towle,  Archi- 
tect, Boston,  is  crowded  out  of  this  num- 
ber. It  will  be  found  in  the  first  issue  of 
this  year,  and  we  are  happy  in  commend- 
ing him  as  a  thorough,  practical,  intelligent 
and  faithful  man,  acquainted  with  his 
business,  and  deserving  the  patronage  of 
the  readers  of  this  Journal.  He  has  given 
especial  attention  to  ventilation  as  well  as 
to  the  details  of  building  in  general. 

We  call  attention  to  the  advertisement 
of  "  Missouri  Homes."  This  is  no  bogus 
company.  Excellent  facilities  arc  ofFeied 
to  young  farmers.  Address  or  call  on  Mr. 
Harris  for  further  particulars. 

We  have  no  desire  to  enter  into,  or  to 
prolong  the  "  War  of  Dictionaries."  The 
eight  pages  which  contain  an  elaborate 
comparison  of  the  Two  Kivals,  bound  up 
in  this  issue,  are,  however,  worthy  the 
attention  of  our  readers.  The  "  unspealv- 
able  words  "  at  the  close,  have  been  added 
to  the  original  article. 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


231 


^bohs  cf  Interest  to  Concjuigutionulists. 


A  View  of  Congregatioxalism,  its  Pkikciples  axd 
Doctrines.  By  George  Punchard.  Boston  :  Con- 
gregational Board  of  Publication.  Fourtli  edition, 
revised  and  enlarged.     12nio.  pp.  367. 

This  Avork  has  become  a  standard  au- 
thority, and  Avoxild  be  a  text-book  in  our 
Theological  Seminaries,  were  the  Congre- 
gational polity  made  a  matter  of  book- 
study  and  recitation,  as  other  systems  are 
in  their  respective  schools.  It  has  been 
too  long  before  the  public  to  require  an 
extended  notice ;  though  not  yet  long 
enough  to  correct  every  wrong  bias  Avliich 
Congi'egationalism  has  contracted  since 
the  fathers  fell  asleep.  Among  the  addi- 
tions to  this  fourth  issue  are  some  impor- 
tant hints  on  the  "  Rights  of  Churches  in 
respect  to  Representation  in  Ecclesiastical 
Councils,"  condensed  into  Ajjpcndix  No. 
19,  on  the  last  page,  which  we  especially 
commend  to  the  notice  of  the  churches,  as 
embodying  views  which  have  repeatedly 
found  expression  through  the  pages  of  this 
Quarterly. 

AxxuAL  Obitdart  Notices  of  Eminent  Persons  who 
have  died  in  the  Vnited  Stiites.  i"or  1858.  By 
lion.  Nathan  Crosby.  Boston  :  John  P.  Jewett  & 
Co.    8vo.  pp.  357. 

This  is  the  second  volume  of  a  work 
which  we  hope  will  have  an  additional 
volume  for  each  successive  year  to  the  end 
of  the  world,  or  till  "eminent  persons" 
have  ceased  to  die.  Its  value  is  not  to  be 
measured  by  the  interest  felt  in  the  loved 
occupant  of  a  fresh-made  grave,  deep  and 
tender  as  that  interest  may  be.  Looking 
at  these  obituary  notices,  as  we  have  often 
perused  the  contents  of  a  biographical  dic- 
tionary, merely  to  see  who  have  lived,  when, 
Avhere,  and  how  they  died,  and  what  they 
did,  one  will  find  these  two  volumes  to  be 
among  the  most  instructive  in  his  library. 

PRESnYTERIAN  HISTORICAL  ALMAXAC  AND  ANNUAL  RE- 
MEMBRANCER OF  THE  Church  for  18(30.  By  Joseph 
M.  Wilson.  Vol.  2.  Philadelphia  :  Joseph  M.  Wil- 
son.    8vo.  pp.  294.     $1.00. 

The  very  best  document  of  the  kind  ever 
published.  It  contains,  without  specula- 
tions, the  statistics  and  piiblic  acts  of  the 
various  Presbyterian  bodies  throughout  the 


world,  and  is  compiled  with  wonderful 
accuracy.  We  congratulate  our  sister  de- 
nomination on  such  a  worker  as  the  com- 
piler, for  we  know  his  difficulties.  "We 
make  only  one  or  two  suggestions.  One  is, 
the  name  of  each  di.stinct  organization 
would  be  far  preferable  to  the  name  of  the 
book  as  a  running  title  on  each  page. 
Another  is,  the  lithographs  of  all  the  recent 
moderators  are  poor,  very  poor.  The  au- 
thor ought  to  see  BufFord's  work.  In  other 
respects  we  give  the  book  our  unqualified 
commendation. 

The  Works  op  Dr.  Emmons,  Vol.  III.    8vo.,  pp  843. 
Boston.      Congregational  Board    of   Publication. 

1860. 

This  third  volume  completes  what  the 
second  commenced,  viz  :  Systematic  The- 
ology— Avherein  Justification ;  the  Work 
of  the  Spirit ;  Holiness ;  Christian  Charac- 
ter ;  Prayer ;  Perseverance  of  the  Saints  ; 
The  Sabbath  ;  The  Church;  Baptism  ;  The 
Lord's  Supper,  and  the  Future  State,  are 
discussed  in  fifty-two  sermons ;  making  two 
of  the  most  logically  written,  elegantly 
printed  and  neatly  bound  volumes  that  the 
American  press  has  lately  put  forth. 

We  bespeak  of  every  owner  of  the  vol- 
ume an  early  and  attentive  perirsal  of  ser- 
mon 94,  entitled  "Platform  of  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Government  established  by  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ."  K  Dr.  Emmons'  Congre- 
gationalism contains  a  grain  too  much  of 
Independencij,  it  will  be  readily  forgiven  by 
those  who  can  sympathize — as  Ave  our- 
selves most  cordially  do — with  sentiments 
like  the  folloAving,  with  Avhich  his  "Im- 
provement "  abounds : — 

"The  disputes  about  ecclesiastical  power 
never  Avill  be,  nor  can  be  settled,  until  the 
churches  Avill  return  to  the  platform  of 
ecclesiastical  power  contained  in  our  text, 
[Matt,  xviii :  15.  16,  l7,]  from  which  not 
only  Papists,  Episcopalians,  Presbyterians, 
but  even  Congregationalists,  have  too  far 
departed."  "  All  churches  are  sisters,  and 
stand  upon  a  level.  They  may  associate, 
or  consociate  for  mutual  advantage.     But 


232 


Literary  Notices. 


[April, 


no  Church  have  a  right  to  give  up  their 
power  to  an  association,  or  consociation,  or 
council,  or  any  other  ecclesiastical  body." 
•'  The  human  device  of  giving  power  to 
associations,  or  consociations,  or  councils, 
to  decide  in  ecclesiastical  causes,  has  been 
a  fruitful  source  of  ecclesiastical  injustice, 
tyranny  and  persecution.  The  plain  and 
simple  Congregational  mode  of  deciding 
ecclesiastical  causes  and  difficulties,  is  far 
the  easiest,  wisest  aiid  best." 

The  American  Christian  Record,  containing  the 
history,  coufession  of  faith,  and  statistics  of  eacli 
religious  denominatiou  in  the  United  States  and 
Europe  :  a  list  of  all  clergymen,  with  their  Post 
Office  address,  etc.,  etc  ,  etc.  New  York.  W.  U. 
0.  Clark  and  Meeker.    12mo.,  pp.  696. 

A  great  many  good  things  are  included 
in  this  book,  notwithstanding  its  absurdly 
ambitious  title  page  ;  and  a  great  deal  of 
labor  is  evident.  The  result  is,  that  the 
■work  is  unfortunately  valuable.  Its  con- 
fessions of  faith  are  well  collected ;  its 
statistics  are  intolerable,  aAvkwardly  and 
blindly  arranged,  and  often  far  behind  the 
time.  Some  things  are  peculiarly  queer. 
Thus,  the  title  "  Boston  Tract  Society," 
exhibits  ignorance  or  meanness.  The  Uni- 
tarian division,  we  are  gravely  infonned, 
took  place  in  1785.  The  Congregationalist 
Confession  of  Faith  is  a  new  idea.  That 
Congregationalism  has  "  founded  several 
colleges  and  theological  seminaries,"  is 
very  true,  and  why  omit  their  names,  when 
the  petty  academies  of  other  denomina- 
tions are  paraded  in  long  lists,  even  to  the 
enumeration  of  Camden  Female  Institute, 
Columbus  Female  Seminary,  and  scores  of 
others,  as  "  Baptist  Theological  Institu- 
tions r"  Why  not  insert  one  page  of  the 
officers  of  our  General  Associations,  when 
the  clerks  of  every  little  Baptist  Associa- 
tion are  given  in  full,  as  well  as  eighteen 
pages  of  Episcopal  bishops,  committees, 
and  petty  officers  of  petty  societies  r  AVhy 
comprise  our  national  statistics  in  four 
lines,  while  others  occupy  pages  ?  "Why 
use  last  year's  figures,  when  those  of  a  year 
later  were  accessible?  As  the  enormous 
amount  of  eighteen  lines  is  given  to  the 
places  and  times  of  meetings  of  our  State 
bodies,  why  copy  last  year's  places  and 
months  and  days,  merely  appending  1860  ? 
AVe  make  no  complaint,  however,  of  these 
tilings,  nor  of  the  various  inaccuracies  in 


stating  our  Church  polity,  nor  that  the 
Post-office  list  of  our  ministers  is  mainly 
two  years  old.  We  only  mean  to  suggest 
that  there  is  room  for  improvement.  And 
when  that  improvement  is  made,  do  give 
aM</(0)7'^/es  for  the  confessions,  &c.  ;  at  least, 
let  us  have  the  editor's  name  as  a  guarantee. 

The  Religion  op  Geology,  and  its  connected  sciences. 
By  Edward  Ilitchcock,  D  D.,  LL  D.  A  New  Edi- 
tion :  with  an  adiitional  lecture,  giving  the  au- 
thor's present  views  of  the  whole  subject.  Boston. 
Crosby,  Nichols,  Lee  and  Company.    1860.    pp.592. 

Few  works  of  a  scientific  character  have 
been  read  with  more  interest  by  intelligent 
Christians,  than  the  first  edition  of  this, 
which  came  before  the  public  about  ten 
years  ago.  Apparent  discrepancies  between 
modern  geological  discoveries  and  the  ^lo- 
saic  account  of  creation  were  harmonized, 
and  the  fears  of  many  a  pious  mind — better 
posted  in  theology  than  in  natural  science — 
were  laid  to  rest ;  while  the  atheist  shot 
envenomed  arrows  at  the  spoiler  of  his 
most  popular  argument,  derived  from  a 
false  view  of  the  scriptural  cosmogony. 
Availing  himself  of  suggestions  from  friends 
and  foes,  the  author  has  enriched  the 
present  issue  with  an  "  additional  lecture  " 
— the  most  valuable  in  the  course — ex- 
pressing his  latest  and  maturest  views. 

The  First  Adam  and  the  Second.  The  Elohim  Re- 
vealed IN  THE  Creation  and  Redemption  of  Man. 
By  Samuel  J.  Baird,  D.D.,  Pastor  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  Woodbury,  N.  J.  Philadelphia: 
Liudsay  &  Blakiston.    3860.    Svo.  688  pp. 

This  book  has  an  old  fashioned  flavor 
about  it  which  those  who  love  old  fashioned 
doctrines  will  relish.  Its  purpose — which 
is  indicated  in  the  title — is  carried  out  by 
very  great  thoroughness  of  thought,  as  well 
as  learning.  After  a  condensed  introduc- 
tory historical  sketch  of  the  doctrine  of 
Original  Sin,  the  book  developes  itself  in 
this  way  :  The  creation  was  by  the  Trin- 
ity. God's  object  was  and  is  the  progres- 
sive and  cumulative  revelation  of  the  Trin- 
ity by  an  eternal  plan.  This  i^lan  is 
accomplished  by  the  administration  of  the 
providential  government.  In  that  adminis- 
tration, Adam,  not  the  first  man  t>nly,  but 
man  generic,  was  created,  in  the  image  and 
likeness  of  God,  endowed  with  moral 
agency,  knowledge,  righteousness  and  holi- 
ness. God,  in  the  exercise  of  his  ultimate 
sovereignty,  established  his  law  ;  requiring 
perfect  obedience,  covering  the  entire  moral 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


233 


being ;  unchangeable,  perpetual,  not  mea- 
sured by  any  inability  arising  from  sin, — 
a  transcript  from  the  moral  nature  of  God. 
The  law  addresses  the  nature,  not  the 
actions  merely.  Sin  lies  in  the  apostasy 
of  the  nature  of  man,  as  well  as  in  per- 
sonal transgressions  which  flow  therefrom. 
Death,  the  penalty,  denotes  '•  God's  in- 
flicted curse."  The  first,  and  positive, 
covenant,  was  made  with  Adam.  Adam 
was  the  covenant  head  of  the  race,  as  well 
as  its  parental  head.  The  entire  man  pro- 
ceeds by  generation  from  the  parent.  Ad- 
am's transgression  had  a  result  which 
embraced  his  nature.  Sin  was  admitted 
into  the  world,  not  as  the  means  of  the 
greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number,  but 
because  it  seemed  good  to  God  to  allow  it. 
By  virtue  of  our  being  in  Adam,  we 
hold  such  a  relation  to  his  sin,  as  to  be  for 
it  justly  condemned  under  the  curse.  Sin 
is  an  indwelling  power.  Guilt  is  criminal 
liability.  Imputation  is  the  finding  of  facts 
upon  a  judicial  investigation,  and  nothing 
more.  Adam's  sin  is  imputed  to  his  pos- 
terity, because  we  were  so  in  Adam  that  we 
share  in  the  responsibility  of  his  apostasy. 
Original  sin  is  immanent  depravity,  we 
having  sinned  in  Adam  generically,  not  as 
individuals.  But  because  of  the  new  cove- 
nant, the  curse  is  stayed.  That  Covenant 
was  made  between  the  Father  and  the  Son. 
The  Son  assumed  humanity.  His  obe- 
dience constituted  his  whole  work, — he,  as 
head  of,  and  substitute  for  his  elect,  coming 
under  the  law  and  bearing  its  curse.  Effec- 
tual calling,  the  new  birth,  justification,  and 
the  consequent  blessings  follow,  consum- 
mated in  the  final  glory  of  Christ's  kingdom. 
In  carrying  out  this  consistent  scheme  of 
doctrine,  the  author  criticizes  Dr.  Edward 
Beecher,  Mr.  Barnes,  Prof.  Hodge,  and 
Pres.  Edwards,  with  boldness ;  New  Haven, 
Andover,  and  sometimes  Princeton.  He 
denies  anj'  distinction  between  natural  and 
moral  inability  ;  asserts  the  penal  character 
of  Christ's  work  ;  and  believes  in  a  lim- 
ited atonement.  Such  views,  expressed  as 
clearly  and  learnedly  as  they  here  are,  will 
be  a  capital  stimulus  for  thought,  especially 
on  what  we  believe  to  be  soon  becoming 
the  central  point  of  contest,  viz.,  the  doc- 
tiine  of  sin. 

VOL.  II.  28 


One  passage  strikes  us  as  gratuitous. 
This: 

' '  It  has  long  been  occasion  of  jDainful 
surjjrise  to  those  who  love  the  doctrines  of 
the  reformation,  that  those  churches  [the 
Congregational]  have  shown  a  tendency  to 
depart  from  the  faith  which  their  fathers 
cherished,  and,  in  defence  of  which,  they 
endured  persecution  and  exile  ; — that  the 
scriptural  doctrines  of  their  ancient  confes- 
sion have  so  slight  a  hold  on  the  sons  of 
the  pilgrims ;  whilst  every  new  form  of 
error  finds  a  cordial  welcome  and  congenial 
home." 

Now,  1,'the  fathers  "endured  persecu- 
tion and  exile  "  for  their  Church  polity,  not 
their  doctrines.  2.  The  speculations  of 
particular  individuals  do  not  take  hold  of 
the  mass  of  our  Christians,  and  the  wan- 
derings of  the  latter  ought  not  to  be  im- 
puted to  us ;  we  did  not  sin  in  Edward 
Beecher,  if  we  did  in  Adam.  3.  The 
essential  elements  of  such  theol'ogy  as  that 
of  this  book,  are  very  extensively  held 
among  Congregationalists,  i.  e.,  the  doc- 
trines of  hereditary  depravity,  of  sin  as  ex- 
isting in  the  nature,  and  not  merely  in 
actions,  of  the  actual  yet  criminal  inability 
of  the  sinner,  of  the  penal  character  of 
Christ's  work,  of  the  headship  of  Christ  as 
parallel  with  that  of  Adam,  Nay,  even 
our  sanctxmi  would  exhibit  these  as  well  as 
the  modified  views.  But  we  find  no  need 
of  quarreling  among  those  who  hold  in 
tearful,  but  rejoicing,  experience  the  truths 
of  "  man  a  helpless  sinner,  Christ  an  all- 
sufficient  Saviour."  4.  Is  Congregational- 
ism at  fault  ?  "What  better  fences  has  the 
Scotch  Presbyterianism  set  up,  where  re- 
generation is  not  insisted  on  as  requisite  to 
communion  ?  What  stricter  power  has 
Presbyterianism  to  keep  Mr.  Barnes  and 
his  whole  branch  of  the  Church  tethered  in 
the  Old  School  pasturage  ?  Are  the  ru- 
mors untrue  that  the  old  English  Presbyte- 
rianism of  the  Assembly  itself  has  proved 
exceedingly  frisky  in  these  latter  days,  eveiK 
paralleling  those  Congregational  churches, 
which,  for  their  Unitarianism,  were  cut  oiE 
without  hesitation  ?  We  feel  profoundly, 
the  need  of  sound  doctrine.  We  desire  all 
possible  safeguards.  But  we  trust  to  no. 
ecclesiastical   polity   as    the    preservative. 


234 


Literary  Notices. 


[April, 


Our  confidence  is  in  a  vital  experience  of 
truth  in  the  hearts  of  God's  people ;  and 
■when  that  fails,  all  outward  bands  are  but 
the  withes  which  flew  asunder,  at  the  hands 
of  Samson,  like  tow  touching  the  fire. 

The  Puritaxs  :  Or.  the  Church,  Court,  and  Parlia- 
ment of  England,  during  the  reigtis  of  Edward 
TI.  and  Queen  Elizabeth.  By  Samuel  Hopkins. 
In  three  volumes.  Vol.  II.  IJosLon :  Gould  & 
Lincoln.    8vo.,  pp.  539. 

The  favorable  opinion  we  expressed  of 
this  author's  former  volume,  is  amply  sus- 
tained in  this.  The  same  clearness  of  per- 
ception and  unity  of  grouping  are  exhibited, 
in  connection  with  an  often  brilliant,  al- 
ways entertaining,  style.  This  volume 
covers  the  period  from  1575  to  1585, — the 
primacy  of  Grindal,  ("the  great  Grindal," 
Cotton  Mather  calls  him, — in  whose  minis- 
ters' meetings  was  found  a  model  for  our 
Associations,)  the  indications  of  rising  lib- 
erty in  the  Parliament  of  1676,  Whitgift's 
illegal  method  of  enforcing  conformity,  the 
Court  of  High  Commission,  the  formation 
of  the  first  Presbytery  in  1582,  and  the 
incipient  dawnings  of  Congregationalism 
in  the  crude  ideas  of  Robert  Browne.  The 
reader  will  find  that  at  this  time  the  divine 
authority  of  Episcopacy  was  imclaimed. 
Presbyterial  ordination  was  recognized  as 
valid.  The  be.st  men  of  the  English  Church 
■were  averse  to  episcopal  vestments,  to  the 
"mummery  of  consecration,"  and  often  to 
the  very  term  "  bishop."  But  Grindal  was 
suspended.  Vacant  sees  were  filled  by 
obsequious  instruments  of  a  female  head  of 
the  Church,  whose  Protestantism  consisted 
mainly  in  making  herself  Pope.  Faithful 
ministers  were  driven  out  to  starve.  "Whole 
counties  were  made  nearly  destitute  of  gos- 
pel institutions.  And  the  main  life  of  the 
Church  was  driven  to  dissent.  But  thus 
the  Puritans  became  the  friends  of  civil 
liberty.  Each  successive  battle  of  prerog- 
ative and  the  nation's  rights  advanced  the 
cause.  And  the  way  was  paved  for  that 
most  glorious  epoch  of  English  liistory,  the 
days  of  the  Commonwealth. 

Congregationalism  had  its  martyrs. 
Two  men  were  sent  to  the  gallows  for  cir- 
culating Brown's  books.  It  was  done  by 
wresting  the  laws,  in  violation  of  even  the 
appearance  of  justice.  "  Such,"  says  the 
author,   "was  its  infant  baptism;  a  bap- 


tism which  onl}'  invigorated,  for  a  stouter 
manhood,  what  it  was  intended  to  destroy." 
....  It  was  determined  to  consign  these 
men  to  the  gibbet,  for  a  terror  to  all  up- 
start Brownists.  Thus  Sir  Christopher 
gave  them  over  to  the  hangman,  not  as 
Broicnists,  for  their  religion, — by  no  means  ! 
— but  as  felons,  for  sedition.  So  Bro'wn 
himself  "  distinguished."  He  did  not  beat 
his  "wife  as  his  wife,  but  as  that  curst  old  wo- 
man." 

This  whole  work  bids  fair  to  be  the 
standard  in  authority,  as  it  is  singularly 
fascinating  in  style.  Its  author  has  stepped 
at  once  into  the  front  rank  of  writers. 

The  Life  op  Daniel  'WnsoN,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Cal- 
cutta and  Metropolitan  of  Iiidia.  By  Josiah  Bate- 
man,  M.  A.,  Hector  of  North  Cray,  Kent ;  his  son- 
in-law,  and  first  Chaplain.  With  portraits,  map, 
and  illustrations.  Boston :  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
8to.  pp.  760. 

In  the  book  last  mentioned,  all  our  dis- 
gust "with  Episcopacy,  as  an  Established 
Church,  was  fully  aroused.  Often  tyran- 
nical, with  little  to  boast  of  over  Rome  as 
to  fire  and  gibbet,  outwardly  originated  by 
an  adulterous  king,  petted  by  tyrants  be- 
cause a  tool  of  tyranny,  now  in  its  natural 
High  Church-ism  arrogant  and  formal, — 
yet  the  life  of  such  a  man  as  that  now 
mentioned,  quells  our  disgust,  and  we 
thank  God  that  that  very  Church  has  nur- 
tured such  men  as  Wilson,  Newton,  Venn, 
Romaine,  Taylor,  Leighton,  and  the  emi- 
nent living  Christians  of  that  eommvmion. 

Bom  at  Spitalsficld,  July  2,  1778  ;  an 
apprentice  ;  released  to  enter  the  ministry 
whither  God  led  him  out  of  a  wicked  and 
hardened  life ;  graduated  at  Oxford ;  or- 
dained in  1801  ;  successor  of  Cecil  at  Bed- 
ford Row,  in  1809;  Vicar  of  Islington  in 
1824  ;  Bishop  of  Calcutta  in  1832,  to  be- 
come Metropolitan  of  India,  as  new  bish- 
oprics were  created ;  died  on  the  2d  of 
February,  1858,  after  witnessing  the  great 
rebellion,  and  warning  India  of  the  cause, 
in  its  unchristian  character, — such  are  the 
outer  facts  of  his  life.  In  his  life's  real 
woric, — not  a  man  of  original  genius,  but 
most  active,  practical,  energetic,  and  a 
thorough  Christian  ;  organizing,  at  Isling- 
ton, benevolent  societies,  building  new 
churches,  awakening  spiritual  acti\-ity  ;  as 
a  Bishop,  indefatigable  in  visitations,  firm 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


235 


in  settling  disputed  questions,  organizing 
anew  the  whole  Church  system  in  India, 
well  governing  what  is  now  divided  into 
sixteen  dioceses ;  extirpating,  at  one  stroke, 
the  caste  previously  allowed  —  although 
that  stroke  devastated  the  churches  like  a 
tornado  in  a  forest.  Always  bold,  some- 
times imprudent ;  self-reliant,  sometimes 
egotistical ;  decided,  sometimes  inaccurate 
in  statement ;  he  left  a  noble  mark  on  his 
age.  We  get  a  little  tired  of  fussy  parade  ; 
we  are  surfeited  with  the  "Lord  Bishop  ;" 
we  laugh  at  the  ridiculous  signature  of 
"Daniel  Calcutta;"  but  the  man  we  re- 
spect, as  a  man  of  prayer,  faith,  and  manly 
ser\'ice  for  Jesus. 

To  us  the  main  value  of  the  book  is, 
however,  its  history  of  mission  work  in 
India.  It  is  perhaps  none  the  less  so,  from 
the  fact  that  Bishop  Wilson's  operations 
lay  in  a  quarter  where  our  own  missions 
have  hardly  penetrated,  and  supply  a 
knowledge  which  we  are  less  likely  other- 
wise to  possess.  As  such,  it  is  of  very 
great  value. 

In  fact,  when  "  Gould  &  Lincoln  "  ap- 
pear on  a  title-page,  it  may  be  taken  for 
granted  that  that  work  is  good. 

Christ  in  History.  By  Robert  Turnbull,  D.D., 
AutUor  of  "  Genius  of  Scotland,''  &c  ,  &c.  New 
and  Kevised  Edition.  Boston  :  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
I'imo.  pp.  540. 

A  second  and  improved  edition  of  a  work 
already  favorably  known,  whose  object  is  to 
show  that  Christ  is  the  center  of  all  history'; 
the  Incarnation  being  the  central  point,  all 
preceding  history  prepares  for  it :  all  suc- 
ceeding history  dates  from  it. 

Spiritu ALISM  Tested  ;  or,  the  facts  of  its  history 
clasaitied,  and  their  Cause  in  Nature  verified  from 
Ancient  and  Modern  Testimonies.  By  George  \V. 
Samson,  D.D.,  President  of  Columbian  Coilej^e, 
Wafihiugion,  D.  C.  Boston:  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
18mo.  pp.  185. 

Without  settling  the  disputed  question, 
the  author  has  brought  together  an  inter- 
esting array  of  evidence  on  the  so-called 
epiritual  manifestations  ;  admits  the  reality 
of  the  phenomena ;  attributes  them  to  the 
power  of  a  ner\'Ous  fluid  in  the  system  ; 
and  argues,  from  natural  and  religious  rea- 
sons,   against    yielding    to   any   such   in- 


fluences. We  think  he  does  well  to  admit 
the  actuality  of  the  phenomena.  We  see 
no  room  for  donbt.  We  are  glad,  too,  that 
he  does  justice  to  Cotton  Mather.  In  our 
earliest  real  examination  of  the  history  of 
the  Salem  witchcraft,  we  became  satisfied 
that  certain  inexplainable  phenomena  there, 
were  as  well  attested  as  any  facts  in  his- 
tory. The  mistake  was  in  the  Satanic 
bargains  alleged.  If  spiritualism  is  to  be 
checked,  it  is  not  by  denying  facts  as  plain 
as  noon-day. 

The  Historical  Evidences  op  the  Truth  of  the 
ScRii'TURE  Records  stated  anew,  with  especial 
reference  to  the  Doubts  and  Discoveries  of  Modem 
Times.  In  eight  Lectures,  delivered  in  the  O.\ford 
University  Pulpir,  in  the  year  18i,9,  on  the  Bamp- 
toh  Foundation.  By  George  Rawlinson,  M.  A. 
Boston  :    Gould  &  Lincoln.     12mo.,  pp.  454. 

The  author  of  these  lectures,  in  the  course 
of  studies  which  for  the  last  eight  or  nine 
years  had  lain  in  the  field  of  Ancient  His- 
tory, was  more  and  more  convinced  of  the 
historical  accuracy  of  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures. With  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
modern  cuneiform  and  hieroglyphical  dis- 
coveries, he  was  continually  impressed,  by 
constantly  multiplying  points  of  argreement 
between  sacred  and  profane  records.  His 
own  abundant  learning,  and  the  opportu- 
nities of  combining  the  discoveries  of  his 
eminent  brother.  Sir  Henry  Eawlinson, 
and  of  other  explorers,  have  resulted  in  the 
book  before  us.  The  Assyrian,  Babylo- 
nian, Persian,  and  Egyptian  records,  so  far 
as  deciphered,  are  here  marshalled  with 
great  skill  and  acumen  to  the  defence  of 
the  Scriptures.  The  book  belongs  to  the 
library  of  every  Biblical  scholar. 

Primitive  Pietv  Revived,  or  the  aggressive  power 
of  the  Christian  Church.  A  premium  Es -ay.  By 
Rev.  Henry  C.  Fi>h,  Newark,  N.  J.  Fiiteenth 
thousand.  Boston  :  Congregational  Board  of  Pub- 
lication.    186(J.     pp.  249. 

The  fact  that  fifteen  thousand  copies  of 

this  book  have  already  been  called  for,  is  a 

sufficient     commendation.     Through     the 

generosity  of  one  individual,   every  Home 

Missionary  of  the  national  Society  has  been 

furnished  with  a  copj\     We  wish  it  might 

find  its  way  into  the  hands  of  every  Church 

member. 


236 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[April, 


oitjfj;rij0ufr0iial    U^rroIo^iT. 


Dea.  MARK  NEWMAN  died  in  Andover, 
Ms.,  June  lo,  1859.  He  was  born  in  Ipswich, 
Ms.,  Sept.  7,  1772.  Rev.  Levi  Frisbie,  his  pas- 
tor, took  an  early  interest  in  him  as  a  faithful 
and  promising  boy.  He  was  sent  to  Phillips 
Academy  in  Exeter,  N.  H.,  to  fit  for  College. 
He  was  a  charity  scholar  of  Dr.  John  Phillips, 
the  founder  of  that  institution,  and  was  recei- 
ved into  his  own  family.  He  was  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1793. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation,  he  was 
engaged  as  Assistant  in  Phillips  Academy, 
Andover.  He  succeeded  Ebenezer  Pemberton, 
as  Principal,  in  1795.  This  position  he  occu- 
pied till  1810.  During  these  years,  515  pupils 
were  under  his  instruction.  He  was  faithful 
in  teaching,  firm  in  discipline,  and  kindly  and 
affable  in  his  intercourse  with  his  pupils. 

After  resigning  the  position  of  Principal  in 
the  Academy,  he  opened  a  grocery,  and  soon 
a  book-store  near  the  Academy.  In  a  short 
time,  he  established  a  printing  office,  and  com- 
menced the  publication  of  books.  His  first 
book  was:  "A  choice  drop  of  Honey  from  the 
rock  Christ,"  a  Tract  of  a  few  pages,  now  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of  "  Christ  is  all."  Sev- 
eral standard  authors  were  introduced  by  him 
to  the  American  public,  as  Chalmers,  Ward- 
law,  and  Erskine.  The  older  Alumni  of  the 
Academy  and  Seminary,  will  well  remember 
the  pleasant  and  easy  Book-seller,  from  whom 
they  purchased  the  first  books  for  their  libra- 
ries. In  later  years  he  used  often  to  say,  when 
the  name  of  some  one  of  these  Alumni  was 
mentioned  :  "  Oh,  he  bought  his  books  of  me." 
Fortunately  for  the  memory  of  those  excellent 
men,  of  only  a  few  could  he  add  :  "  and  he  has 
not  paid  me  yet !" 

While  pursuing  his  business,  he  retained  an 
intimate  connection  with  the  Academy  and 
Seminary.  He  was  a  member  of  its  Board  of 
Trustees  from  1795  to  1836,  and  its  Clerk  for 
more  than  twenty  years.  He  had  much  to  do 
with  the  early  counsels  which  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Theological  Seminary. 
He  took  a  prominent  part  also  in  founding  the 
Abbot  Female  Academy.  The  land  on  which 
this  institution  stands,  was  his  gift.  From  the 
incorporation  of  its  Board  of  Trustees  in  1829, 
to  1843,  he  was  a  member,  and  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board. 

Mr.  Newinan  was  admitted  to  full  commu- 
nion with  the  First  church  in  Ipswich,   at  the 


age  of  22.  He  was  chosen  Deacon  of  the  South 
Church  in  Andover  in  1811.  He  was  an  ex- 
cellent church  member  and  church  officer.  His 
help  was  cheerfully  offered  to  the  several  pas- 
tors of  the  church  ;  in  the  meetings  for  prayer, 
he  was  a  ready  and  acceptable  speaker.  In 
days  when  few  attended,  he  was  imiformly  at 
his  post.  Among  the  men  of  the  world,  in  his 
daily  intercourse  and  business,  he  won  the  con- 
fidence of  all.  He  united  in  1812  with  his  pas- 
tor, the  late  Dr.  J.  Edwards,  and  a  few  others, 
in  a  prayer  meeting,  held  in  the  study  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Porter,  of  the  Seminary.  From  this  prayer 
meeting  sprung  the  New  England  Tract  Soci- 
et}',  and  here  were  discussed  many  topics  and 
schemes  having  to  do  with  the  conversion  of 
world.  Mr.  Newman  began  thus  early,  and 
ever  continued  to  cherish  a  benevolent  spirit. 
He  contributed  generously  and  on  principle. 

Not  long  after  his  settlement  in  Andover  he 
was  approbated  as  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel. 
He  was  never  ordained  ;  but  down  to  so  late  a 
period  as  1836,  he  continued  to  preach  in  the 
pulpits  of  his  neighborhood.  He  was  a  thought- 
ful man  ;  his  acquaintance  with  Theology  was 
good  ;  his  preaching  was  sound  and  clear  ;  and 
though  destitute  of  energy,  and  somewhat  te- 
dious in  manner  by  his  extreme  slowness  and 
easiness,  he  was  an  acceptable  preacher.  His 
words  came  from  a  warm  scriptural  experience, 
and  often  touched,  most  gratefully,  the  hearts 
of  his  hearers. 

His  piety  was  most  winning  ;  he  was  natur- 
ally hopeful.  The  preaching  of  Dr.  Griffin 
sounded  the  depths  of  his  soid  when  he  was  a 
young  man,  and  drove  him  almost  to  the  verge 
of  despair.  He  never  lost  this  deep  conviction 
of  the  deceitfulness  and  guiltiness  of  the  hu- 
man heart.  But  still,  his  was  a  trustful  na- 
ture ;  he  reposed  most  perfectly  on  the  prom- 
ises of  the  Gospel.  Severely  tried  by  the  loss 
of  his  wife  and  his  children,  he  was  most  pa- 
tient and  apparently  untroubled  in  these  events. 
In  his  few  last  years  of  waiting,  he  pictured 
death  as  a  happy  change  ;  but  the  will  of  his 
Father  was  better  to  him  than  his  choice. 
Peacefully,  beautifully  the  days  went  by,  and 
each  day  the  word  was — "  all  is  well." 

Mr.  Nemnan  married  in  1795,  Sally  Phillips, 
daughter  of  John  Phillips,  of  Boston.  Of  the 
six  children  by  this  marriage,  Sarah  Phillips 
Newman  died  in  1827,  aged  26  years.  Prof. 
Samuel  Phillips  Ne^^'man,  a  graduate  of  Har- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrohgy. 


237 


vard  College,  was  Professor  many  years  in 
Bowdoin  College,  and  was  the  author  of  the 
well-known  treatise  on  Rhetoric.  Rev.  Wil- 
liam John  NewTiian  was  pastor  of  the  Church 
in  Stratham,  N.  H.,  and,  at  his  death,  in  York, 
Me. ;  Mark  H.  Ne^inan,  a  graduate  of  Bow- 
doin College,  was  an  eminent  Christian  Book 
Publisher  in  New  York  ;  Hannah  become  the 
wife  of  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Fay,  late  of  Barre  ; 
and  with  her  sister  Margaret  W.,  is  still  liv- 
ing. Mr.  Newman  married  in  1814,  his  sec- 
ond A\'ife,  Mrs.  Abigail  (Larkin)  Dodge,  who 
survives  him.  Their  onlj'  daughter,  Anna 
Dodge,  died  in  her  twenty-fifth  year. 


Rev.  JOHN  BAKER,  who  died  in  Edgecomb, 
Me.,  Oct.  27,18o9,  was  born  in  that  place  May  30, 
1811,  the  son  of  the  late  Dea.  Azariah  Baker. 
He  was  carefull}'  and  religiously  trained  in  his 
childhood,  the  wholesome  influences  of  which 
were  not  lost.  When  about  14  years  of  age, 
he  was  awakened,  in  a  revival  in  his  native 
place,  and  remained  for  some  time  in  an  anx- 
ious and  prayerful,  but  a  distrustful  and  unde- 
cided state.  Meanwhile,  in  expectation  of  cov- 
enanted mercies,  his  education  was  advanced, 
and  he  entered  Bowdoin  College  in  1827,  with 
which  an  elder  brother  was  already  connected. 

During  his  College  course,  an  interesting  re- 
vival of  religion  occurred,  in  which  he  indul- 
ged a  hope  in  Christ,  and  took  a  decided  stand 
as  a  Christian.  In  the  winter  of  1831,  he  pub- 
licly professed  his  faith  in  Christ  and  united 
with  the  Congregational  Church  in  Edgecomb, 
then  supplied  by  Rev.  Daniel  Kendiick.  The 
same  year,  he  graduated,  and  took  charge  of 
Monmouth  Academy. 

In  the  fall  of  1832,  he  entered  upon  a  course 
of  Theological  study  at  Andover  Seminary. 
During  this  period  his  father  was  removed  by 
death,  and  in  the  settlement  of  the  paternal 
estate  his  assistance  was  needed.  This  in- 
duced him  to  take  a  dismission  from  Andover 
and  he  completed  his  studies  at  Bangor  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  in  the  class  of  1835.  He 
commenced  his  ministry  in  Monson,  where  he 
spent  the  spring  vacation  of  that  year.  His 
labors  were  so  acceptable,  that  he  was  invited 
to  settle  with  them,  and  was  ordained  there 
Sept.  16,  1835.  An  inadequate  support,  and  a 
poor  state  of  health,  brought  about  a  removal, 
which  was  deeply  regretted  by  a  kind,  intelli- 
gent, and  devoted  people.  He  was  dismissed 
in  May,  1839,  and  removed  to  Kennebunkport, 
South  Church,  which  he  supplied  for  the  next 
seven  years.  Three  years  were  then  spent  in 
Elliot ;  thence  he  was  invited  to  the  pastoral 
charge  of  the  First  Church  in  Kennebunkport, 
which  he  retained  nearly  seven  years.    From 

VOL.   II.  28* 


this  he  removed  to  Wilton,  whence,  having 
supplied  the  Congregational  Church  nearly 
four  years,  he  has  made  his  last  remove. 

On  the  13th  of  Sept.,  he  left  his  pleasant 
home  in  Wilton,  to  visit  his  aged,  declining 
mother,  and  other  family  connections  in  Edge- 
comb, intending,  by  way  of  exchange,  to  sup- 
ply the  pulpit  in  Brewer,  the  next  two  Sab- 
baths. The  first  of  those  Sabbaths,  he  spent 
there,  and  administered  the  sacrament  to  the 
church.  These  were  his  last  public  labors, 
and  his  last  discourse  was  from  Prov.  xiii.  22  : 
"A  good  man  leaveth  an  inheritance  to  his 
children's  children."  The  next  Tuesday,  he  at- 
tended the  ordination  of  Rev.  E.  B.  Palmer,  at 
New  Castle,  from  which  he  returned  to  his 
early  home  to  go  no  more  out.  For  about  two 
weeks,  he  lay  sick  with  a  moderate  fever,  and 
which  subsided  with  flattering  prospects  of  re- 
covery. But  the  appearance  of  erysipelas  in 
the  head,  soon  awakened  more  serious  appre- 
hensions. This  hurried  him  rapidly  to  his 
end.  His  children  were  sent  for,  and  all  (six) 
of  them,  with  his  devoted  wife,  gathered  around 
his  death-bed,  and  heard  his  last  adieu.  Thurs- 
day morning,  Oct.  27,  he  expired  under  the 
same  paternal  roof  beneath  which  he  was 
born,  aged  48  years  and  5  months.  On  the 
next  Monday  P.  M.,  a  large  congregation,  in- 
cluding twelve  clergymen,  assembled,  to  at- 
tend his  funeral  services,  in  the  same  house  of 
worship  in  which  he  was  baptized  in  infancy, 
and  in  which  he  professed  his  faith  in  Chi-ist ; 
and  bore  his  lifeless  remains  to  their  last  lowly 
bed,  "  in  the  place  of  his  father's  sepulcher." 

This  departed  brother  possessed  a  kind,  ami- 
able and  cheerful  spirit ;  was  patient  toward 
all  men,  but  compromised  no  principle  ;  as  a 
Christian  was  modest,  even  in  the  flow  of  his 
feelings,  and  sometimes  doubting  ;  as  a  preach- 
er he  was  instructive,  interesting,  and  accept- 
able ;  and,  in  all  his  ministerial  connections 
was  always  "  a  brother  beloved." 


Rev.  NATHAN  SHERBURN  HASEL- 
TINE,  Pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church 
in  Springfield,  Vt.,  died  in  that  place  on  Sun- 
day, Jan.  22d,  1860.  He  was  a  son  of  Thonras 
and  Elizabeth  (Sanborn)  Haseltine,  and  was 
born  in  Chester,  N.  H.,  29th  March,  1829.  He 
fitted  for  college  at  Gilmanton  Academy,  was 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1855,  at  Andover 
in  1858,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel 
29th  Dec.,  1857,  by  Middlesex  South  Associa- 
tion, sitting  at  Framingham.  He  was  ordained 
at  Springfield,  13th  Jan.,  1859,  (Rev.  Jonathan 
Clement,  D.  D.,  of  Woodstock,  Vt.,  the  pas- 
tor of  his  boyhood,  preaching  the  sermon,)  and 
entered  upon  the  labors  of  his  pastorate  with  a 


238 


Congregaiional  Necrology. 


[April, 


fidelity  and  industry  which  promised  most  val- 
uable results.  But  he  was  soon  attacked  by 
consumption,  and  was  compelled,  in  the  fol- 
lowing September,  wholly  to  discontinue  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  His  death,  though  by 
consumption,  was  sudden,  the  immediate 
cause  being  the  rupture  of  a  blood  vessel. 

He  married  29th  July,  1859,  Mary  A., 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Robert  F.  Lawrence,  of 
Claremont,  N.  H.  r.  h.  av. 


Mrs.  ELIZABETH  C.  METCALF,  wife  of 
Rev.  Francis  Southworth,  pastor  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  of  Holden,  Me.,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Dea.  Mos?s  H.  Metcalf,  of  Winthrop, 
Maine,  died  at  the  residence  of  her  father  in 
Winthrop,  after  a  trying  illness  of  more  than 
a  year,  on  Friday,  January  27,  1860. 

Her  disease  was  consumption ;  which  she 
endured  with  great  patience  and  resignation- 
falling  asleep  in  Jesus.  Conscious  to  the  last, 
she  was  enabled  to  give  her  parting  words  to 
her  friends,  and  testimony  to  the  value  of  the 
Gospel,  as  bound  up  in  that  One  Name  Jesis. 
That  final  scene,  especially  as  the  dying 
mother  took  her  earnest  farewell  of  her  little 
daughter,  brought  to  recollection  these  words 
of  Pollock  :— 

"  She  laid 

Her  hand  upon  its  little  head  ;  and  sought 
For  it,  with  look  that  seemed  to  penetrate 
The  heavens— unutterable  blessings— such 
As  God  to  d^'ing  parents  only  granted 
Tor  infants  left  behind  them  in  the  world. 
'  God  keep  uiy  child,'  we  heard  her  say — 
And  soon  the  Angel  of  the  Covenant 
Had  come,  and  faithful  to  his  promise,  stood 
Prepared    to   walk  with    her   through    death's 

dark  vale. 
And  soon  her  eyes  grew  bright,  and  brighter  still, 
Too  bright  for  ours  to  look  upon,  suEfused 
AVith  many  tears,  and  closed  without  a  cloud. 
They  set  as  sets  the  morning  star,  which  goes 
Not  down  behind  the  darkened  AVest,  nor  hides 
Obscured  among  the  tempests  of  the  sky. 
But  melts  away  into  the  light  of  heaven." 


Dea.  BENJAMIN  HAWKES  died  in  Tem- 
pleton,  Jan.  27,  aged  71.  He  was  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  useful  members  of  the  Trini- 
tarian church,  which  he  joined  at  the  first 
communion  after  its  organization  in  18.32. 
When  a  young  man,  he  removed  here  from 
Lancaster,  his  native  place,  where  for  fifty 
years  he  resided,  receiving,  in  liberal  measure, 
the  tokens  of  public  confidence  and  respect. 
For  some  years  after  he  was  settled  in  life, 
he  lived  for  this  world  ;  he  engaged  in  military 
life,  and  received  its  honors,  and  was  animated 
Avith  its  spirit.  He  was  much  in  public  posi- 
tions to  the  end  of  his  active  life.    He  served 


the  \.Q)vn\  for  many  years  in  various  important 
stations  of  responsibility,  especially  as  one  of 
the  selectm^  and  overseers  of  the  poor,  and 
as  Representative  in  the  General  Court ;  and 
it  was  while  performing  his  duties  in  the  latter 
capacity  in  Boston,  six  years  ago,  that  he  re- 
ceived an  injury  by  being  thrown  vtpon  the 
pavement,  through  the  reckless  driving  of  two 
young  men,  which  seemed  to  bring  on  the 
paralysis,  which,  for  the  last  two  years,  had 
disabled  him,  and  rendered  him  nearly  helpless 
and  speechless. 

It  was  not  till  past  mid-life  that  his  mind 
became  settled  in  religion,  and  his  hope  of  sal- 
vation fixed  on  the  merits  of  Christ.  But  so 
thorough  and  distinct  was  his  experience  of 
converting  grace,  that  his  views  never  wavered 
afterwards,  and  he  ever  manifested  a  sincere 
delight  in  the  doctrines  of  grace,  according  to 
the  Calvinistic  view.  He  believed  them,  he 
lived  upon  them,  he  died  in  them  in  peace  and 
Christian  hope. 

His  services  were  many  and  valuable,  not 
only  in  the  church  to  which  he  belonged,  but 
in  the  churches  around  him,  and  in  the  enter- 
prises of  Christian  benevolence.  He  loved  the 
cause  of  Missions.  For  twenty  years  he  was 
Treasurer  of  the  Auxiliary  Foreig-n  Missionary 
Society  of  Worcester  North,  performing  its 
duties  faithfully  and  gratuitously,  and  attend- 
ing punctually  nearly  every  annual  meeting  of 
the  Auxiliary.  He  was  Treasurer  of  the  Wor- 
cester North  Auxiliary  Bible  Society  for  nearly 
the  same  number  of  years,  always  attending 
the  annual  meeting,  in  connection  with  the 
Annual  Conference  of  churches,  in  which  he 
was  several  times  called  to  preside  as  Modera- 
tor. He  manifested  a  lively  interest  in 
the  causes  of  temperance,  and  of  human  lib- 
erty, and  took  an  active  part  in  measures  to 
promote  these  and  other  kindred  reforms. 
When  any  object  Avas  presented  to  him  as 
having  claims  iipon  his  aid,  he  seemed  ready 
to  carry  it  to  the  Author  of  Wisdom  and  good 
counsel,  and  ask,  "  Lord,  what  wilt  thou  have 
me  to  to  do  ?" 

He  was  eminently  a  conscientious,  upright, 
honorable,  and  consistent  Christian. 


Rev.  ENOCH  PRATT,  died  Feliruary  2d, 
1860,  aged  78  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Mid- 
dleborough,  Mass.,  and  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University,  Rhode  Island.'  After  completing 
his  studies  preparatory  to  the  ministry,  he 
Avas  ordained  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
Church  in  West  Barnstable,  in  1807.  It  Avas 
not  till  after  his  settlement  in  the  ministry, 
that  he  hopefully  experienced  religion.  He 
continued  in  the  pastoral  relation  to  his  peo- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Nccrologjj. 


239 


pie  till  1835,  when  at  his  own  request,  he  was 
dismissed.  During  these  27  J'ears,  his  labors 
were  greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls 
to  God.  He  received  380  persons  to  the 
church,  and  administered  292  baptisms. 

After  closing  his  labors  at  West  Barnstable, 
Mr.  Pratt  removed  to  Brewster,  and  continued 
to  supply  vacant  churches  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
residence,  as  he  had  opportunity,  till  about 
the  last  three  years  of  his  life,  when  he  was 
obliged  to  relinquish  his  labor,  on  account  of 
infirmity. 

It  was  characteristic  of  Mr.  Pratt  to  be  ac- 
tive ;  hence  he  was  engaged  for  some  time  in 
WTiting  a  history  of  Eastham,  Wellflect  and 
Orleans,  which  was  published  in  18M. 

Subsequently  he  performed  an  agency  for 
the  Bible  Society,  and  visited  every  family  in 
the  coimty  of  Barnstable,  and  supplied  all  the 
destitute  with  a  copy  of  the  Scriptures,  and 
sold  many  hundred  volumes  to  those  who 
wished  to  purchase.  He  also  engaged  in  a 
similar  work  in  the  county  of  Worcester,  where 
his  labors  were  highly  appreciated  and  much 
good  was  accomplished. 

Ever  after  Mr.  Pratt  entertained  the  hope 
that  he  had  been  born  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  his 
views  of  Christian  doctrine  were  decidedly 
evangelical.  He  was  liberal  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  word,  loving  all  who  loved  the  Lord  Je- 
sus Christ  in  sincerity.  As  a  husband,  father, 
and  brother,  he  was  amiable,  cheerful,  affec- 
tionate, tender,  and  indulgent. 

As  a  religious  teacher,  he  enjoyed  the  confi- 
dence and  affection  of  the  people.  Not  only 
where  he  was  a  settled  pastor,  but  in  other 
places,  many  were  brought  to  embrace  the 
Sav-iour,  who  will  be  his  joy  and  crown  of  re- 
joicing in  the  day  of  the  Lord  Jesus. 


Rev.  DAVID  TENNEY  KIMBALL,  died 
in  Ipswich,  Mass.,  3d  February,  1860,  aged  77 
years.  He  was  bom  at  Bradford,  in  the  same 
State,  Nov.  23,  1782.  In  infancy  he  was  con- 
secrated to  God  in  baptism,  by  his  pious  pa- 
rents. By  their  care  the  seeds  of  piety  were 
early  so\\'n  in  his  heart.  In  the  hearing  of  his 
mother  he  read  the  Bible  through  twice  before 
he  was  eight  j'ears  old.  At  the  age  of  sixteen, 
he  began  to  prepare  for  college,  and  entered 
Harvard  College  at  seventeen.  He  was  grad- 
uated with  distinction  as  a  scholar  in  1803. 
After  this  event,  he  spent  a  year  as  an  assis- 
tant instructor  in  Phillips'  Academy,  Andover. 
He  studied  Theologv'  with  the  late  Rev.  Mr. 
French,  of  that  to^Mi,  and  was  approbated  to 
preach  in  1805.  In  Aug.  1806,  he  took  the 
second  degree  at  Harvard  College,  on  which 
occasion  he  delivered  the  valedictory  in  Latin. 


He  was  ordained  as  the  pastor  of  the  First 
Church  in  Ipswich,  Oct.  8,  1806.  For  a  period 
of  more  than  fifty-three  years  he  remained 
connected  with  the  same  church.  In  the  rela- 
tion of  a  pastor,  he  exhibited  those  traits  of 
character  which  become  the  gospel  of  Christ, 
and  which  are  wont  to  ensure  success  in  the 
ministry.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer ;  and  his 
prayers  were  enriched  with  the  frequent  use  of 
appropriate  scriptural  language.  As  he  bowed 
before  the  mercy-seat  in  the  presence  of  the 
great  congregation,  he  always  appeared  solemn 
and  in  earnest,  like  one  "  in  audience  with  the 
Deity."  His  sermons  generally  bore  the 
marks  of  study.  He  was  both  a  practical  and 
doctrinal  preacher. 

In  the  several  revivals  of  religion  with  which 
his  ministry  was  blest,  he  manifested  the 
deepest  interest.  At  such  times  he  was  "con- 
stant, in  season  and  out  of  season." 

During  his  long  ministr)-,  he  manifested  a 
deep  interest  in  the  youth  of  his  charge.  He 
addressed  one  hundred  discourses  to  those  in 
the  morning  of  life.  He  exerted  himself  in 
favor  of  the  Sabbath  School,  exhorting  parents 
to  secure  to  their  children  the  benefits  of  this 
form  of  religious  instruction.  In  all  depart- 
ments of  ministerial  duty  he  was  diligent, 
prompt,  and  faithful.  He  was  accustomed  to 
read  the  Scriptures,  during  most  of  the  years 
of  his  ministry,  in  the  original  Hebrew  and 
Greek  languages. 

He  retained  the  vigor  of  his  physical,  intel- 
lectual, social,  and  moral  faculties,  by  their 
habitual  exercise,  this  being  in  his  view  the 
best,  if  not  the  only  method  of  obtaining  this 
end. 

Some  months  before  his  decease,  a  visible 
change  was  observed  to  have  taken  place  in 
his  feelings.  Death  and  the  eternal  world 
seemed  to  be  brought  nearer  to  his  view.  He 
appeared  desirous  of  being  withdrawn,  as  much 
as  possible,  from  the  perplexing  cares  and 
anxieties  of  life,  that  he  might  calmly  contem- 
plate his  approaching  end.  It  was  his  earnest 
desire  to  live  and  die  in  peace  with  all,  and  in 
some  way  to  be  useful,  to  the  last,  to  those 
among  whom  he  had  so  long  resided.  With 
this  two-fold  object,  he  resolved  to  visit  every 
family  in  to\vn,  and  to  converse  with  them  on 
religious  subjects  ;  and,  so  far  as  practicable, 
to  unite  with  them  in  prayer.  He  thus  began 
a  pleasant  and  benevolent  work,  which  he  was 
not  able  to  finish ;  for  he  had  visited  only 
about  sixty  families  when  he  was  suddenly 
summoned  by  the  Master  to  his  rest  and  re- 
ward. While  still  lingering  "  on  Jordan's 
stormy  bank,"  and,  for  the  most  part,  suffering 
intensely,  he  was  enabled,  during  the  brief 


240 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[April, 


intervals  of  comparative  ease  with  which  he 
was  favored,  (his  sickness  was  hing  fever,) 
to  give  utterance  to  some  striking  and  precious 
attestations  of  the  priceless  value,  at  such  an 
hour,  of  the  faith  and  hope  of  the  Christian. 
On  Friday  morning,  the  day  of  his  death,  he 
exclaimed  :  "  The  gates  of  the  New  Jerusalem 
are  opening — I  see  within  the  city  !"  A  little 
after,  he  said,  "  Come,  blessed  Saviour  !"  and 
looking  on  those  who  were  standing  by  his 
dying  bed,  he  exclaimed,  "  Oh,  be  ready  ! 
Oh  !  let  us  all  be  ready  !  It  is  A  great  point 
TO  HAVE  SETTLED."  Indications  of  suffering 
became  less  and  less  apparent,  as  death  ap- 
proached, till  he  gently  fell  asleep — at  what 
precise  point  of  time  could  not  be  perceived. 

Mr.  K.  leaves  a  widow,  three  sons,  and  two 
daughters — all  hopefully  pious.  He  was  greatly 
honored  in  his  death.  Twenty-five  clergymen 
were  present  at  his  funeral,  and  many  dis- 
tinguished laymen  from  abroad. 


Rev.  WILLARD  HOLBROOK  died  in 
Rowley,  Ms.,  Feb.  7,  I860,  aged  68.  Mr.  Hol- 
brook  was  born  in  Uxbridge,  Worcester 
Coimty,  Ms.,  April  7,  1792.  His  parents  were 
estimable  persons,  but  neither  of  them  pro- 
fessors of  religion.  From  childhood  he  seems 
to  have  been  of  a  considerate  and  thoughtful 
turn  of  mind,  and,  at  an  early  age,  he  became 
a  disciple  of  Christ.  In  the  year  1814,  when 
twenty-two  years  old,  he  was  graduated,  with 
honor,  at  Brown  University.  He  joined  the 
Theological  Seminary,  Andover,  immediately 
after.  He  completed  his  theological  course  in 
the  class  of  1817,  and  thus  was  ready  to  enter 
upon  the  chosen  work  of  his  life,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-five. 

Mr.  Holbrook's  first  ministerial  labors  were 
in  the  town  of  Hudson,  N.  H.,  on  an  engage- 
ment of  six  months, — at  the  end  of  which  he 
received  a  call  to  settle.  This  call,  after  re- 
flection, he  thought  it  best  not  to  accept. 
Shortly  after,  he  was  invited  to  preach,  as  a 
candidate,  to  the  First  church  in  Rowley — 
then  recently  made  vacant  by  the  resignation 
of  the  Rev.  James  Tucker  ;  and  on  the  22d  of 
July,  1818,  he  was  ordained, — becoming  the 
NINTH  in  the  list  of  pastors  of  that  ancient 
church.  In  this  office  he  continued  about 
twenty-two  years  ;  when,  April  21,  1840,  the 
connection  was  dissolved.  After  this,  he  la- 
bored under  patronage  of  the  Massachusetts 
Home  Missionary  Society,  about  ten  years,  in 
Millville, — a  village  on  the  Blackstone  River, 
near  the  place  of  his  nativity.  That  labor 
completed,  he  returned  to  Rowley,  as  his  resi- 
dence, and  supplied  the  church  in  Linebrook — 
a  small  church  and  community,  partly  in  Row- 


ley and  partly  in  Ipswich,  This  labor  he  per- 
formed about  four  years,  and  then,  through 
growing  infirmities,  was  obliged  to  suspend  the 
ministerial  work  altogether. 

The  first  twenty  years  of  his  ministry  were 
marked  with  repeated  seasons  of  refreshing. 
The  church  acquired  strength  and  enlarge- 
ment. Of  the  ten  years  in  his  second  loca- 
tion. Annual  Reports  of  the  Missionary  Society 
make  honorable  mention.  And  his  last  labors, 
in  his  third  field — though  short,  and  performed 
amidst  infirmities — were  such  as  much  to  re- 
fresh and  strengthen  God's  servants  there. 

He  died  in  peace.  Speaking  with  a  minis- 
terial friend,  just  before  he  departed,  of  a  little 
longer  continuance,  for  further  self-examina- 
tion, and  rendering  it  more  sure  to  himself 
that  he  was  in  Christ  and  had  indeed  a  good 
hope  of  eternal  life  ;  he  added  that,  probably, 
it  would  not  be  of  any  use.  He  had  already 
tried  to  do  this  in  as  thorough  a  manner  as  he 
could.  He  had  given  himself  to  Christ.  He 
had  trusted  in  Christ.  Christ  was  in  him,  and 
he  was  in  Christ.  He  verily  thought  it  was 
so.  And  he  would  leave  the  matter  there. 
He  did  not,  on  the  whole,  desire  delay.  And 
so  he  was  taken  hence ;  and,  we  may  not 
doubt,  was  taken  up  to  the  rewards  of  a  faith- 
ful servant. 


ZECHARIAH  EDDY,  Esq.,  died  in  Mid- 
dleborough,  Ms.,  Feb.  14,  1860,  aged  79  years. 

He  was  born  in  the  same  to\\-n,  Dec.  6th, 
1780,  being  the  second  of  seven  sons,  five  of 
whom  yet  survive  in  advanced  age.  His  father 
was  Deacon  Joshua  Eddy,  and  his  mother, 
Lydia,  was  a  daughter  of  Zechariah  Paddock. 
His  native  village  has  been  the  residence  of 
his  male  ancestors  for  several  generations,  and 
they  have  generally  been  members  of  the  First 
Church. 

He  gave  early  indications  of  a  thirst  for 
knowledge,  and  was  blest  with  parents  who 
cherished  that  youthful  desire,  and  gave  him 
the  means  of  obtaining  a  Collegiate  education. 
His  ])reparatory  studies  were  pursued  under 
the  instruction  of  "  Master  Alden,"  in  Rayn- 
ham.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University,  in 
regular  course  with  the  class  of  1799,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen.  After  spending  about  four 
years  as  a  teacher  of  youth,  he  entered  upon 
the  study  of  law,  with  Judge  Thomas,  of  Ply- 
mouth. 

AVhen  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  made  up  his 
mind  to  settle  down  in  his  own  retired,  pleas- 
ant native  village,  there  to  prosecute  his  legal 
and  other  studies.  It  was  thus  that  he  qual- 
ified himself  for  that  large  and  useful  prac- 
tice in  his  profession,  for  which  he  was  distill- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology, 


241 


giiished  more  thin  fifty  years.  The  extent  of 
his  legal  acquirements  and  the-  accuracy  of  his 
practice  in  all  its  branches  were  known  and 
acknowledged  by  the  courts  and  lawyers  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  especially  by  those  of  his 
native  county. 

It  is  not  known  how  early  in  life  his  mind 
was  first  religiously  affected  ;  but  it  was  pro- 
bably in  the  revival  of  religion  enjoyed  in 
the  place  where  he  lived,  in  the  years  1807-8, 
that  he  first  cherished  the  hope  that  his  heart 
was  renewed  by  the  power  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 
Jt  was  in  March,  1808,  almost  fifty-two  years 
ago,  that  he  made  a  public  profession  of  his 
faith  in  Christ,  and  joined  the  church  of  his 
native  parish. 

He  loved  the  church,  to  which  he  belonged, 
with  a  peculiar  and  ardent  love.  He  sought 
its  welfare  not  only  by  his  prayers  and  coun- 
sels, but  by  the  assiduous  labors  of  his  long 
protracted  life.  His  knowledge  of  its  history 
for  more  than  an  hundred  and  sixty  years,  was 
very  extensive  and  very  accurate,  and  in  many 
forms  has  his  pen  been  used  to  perpetuate  that 
history. 

As  Mr.  Eddy  had  lived,  so  he  died.  It 
was  not  often,  indeed,  during  his  life,  that  he 
spoke  of  his  own  Christian  feelings  and  hopes. 
But  he  was  freer  on  this  subject  in  his  latter 
days,  when  his  failing  health  led  him  to  appre- 
hend that  a  change  of  worlds  was  approaching 
him.  In  a  letter  written  to  a  kinsman  several 
months  before  his  death,  he  says  :  "  I  rely  on 
no  works  of  my  own  for  acceptance,  but  upon 
God's  pardoning  mercy  through  Jesus  Christ ; 
and  I  think  he  has  given  me  some  evidence 
that  he  has  sealed  it  on  my  heart, — the  chief 
of  which  is,  that  I  have  always  (since  I  had  a 
hope,)  had  conscious  satisfaction  in  worship- 
ing and  serving  him.  I  have  always  started 
back  from  a  presumptuous  hope,  and  consider 
it  fool-hardiness  to  suppose  or  say,  that  I  am 
certain  of  salvation.  The  hope  of  salvation  is 
strong  or  weak  in  Christ's  followers,  and  I 
have  not  been  blest  with  a  very  strong  hope  ; 
nor,  such  is  my  view  of  the  deceitfulness  of  my 
heart,  have  I  ever  expected  to  be  blest  with  a 
hope  of  great  strength.  But  of  my  perfect 
confidence  in  God,  I  have  not  had  a  doubt 
these  many  years." 

His  health  declined  very  gradually  for  many 
months,  during  which  he  suffered  much  bodily 
distress.  His  death  at  last  was  sudden.  He 
rode  out  as  usual  the  day  but  one  before  it  oc- 
curred. 

There  are  still  living  many  witnesses  to  the 
able,  upright  and  honorable  manner  in  which 
lie  conducted  himself  as  a  professional  lawyer  ; 
manv  witnesses  to  the  cheerfulness  and  zeal 


with  which  he  co-operated  with  others  in  aid- 
ing the  various  benevolent  enterprises  of  the 
day.  Through  all  his  life  he  had  much  leisure 
for  reading  and  writing  ;  and  well  and  faith- 
fully did  he  improve  it.  He  contributed  large- 
ly to  the  periodicals  and  religious  newspapers 
of  his  time.  He  loved  the  studies  of  Christian 
Theology,  and  ecclesiastical  polity.  In  the 
first  of  these,  he  was  deeply  read  ;  in  the  other 
he  was  an  intelligent  Counsellor,  being  firmly 
attached  to  the  Congregational  forms  of  church 
government,  and  often  taking  an  active  part  in 
ecclesiastical  councils. 

Mr.  Eddy  lived  a  very  happy  social  life, 
though  he  was  deeply  afflicted  by  the  some- 
what early  deaths  of  eight  of  his  ten  cliildren, 
among  whom  were  two  promising  sons,  one 
having  commenced  the  practice  of  the  legal 
profession,  and  the  other  preparing  for  it.  It 
was  his  happy  lot  also  to  be  surrounded,  even 
to  the  close  of  his  life,  by  many  of  his  other 
kindred,  and  to  participate  in  the  comforts  of 
dwellina:  in  a  Christian  neighborhood. 


CHAUNCEY   ALLEN    GOODRICH,   the 

second  son  of  Hon.  Elizur  Goodrich,  who  was 
the  first  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale  College,  and 
for  thirty  years  an  honored  member  of  its 
Board  of  Fellows, — was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Ct.,  Oct.  23,  1790.  He  entered  Yale  College 
in  the  autumn  of  1806,  and  was  graduated  in 
1810.  For  nearly  two  years  after  his  gradua- 
tion, he  was  Rector  of  the  ancient  Grammar 
School  in  New  Haven,  where  he  had  been  a 
pupil.  He  was  called,  in  1812,  to  the  office  of 
tutor  in  College,  which  he  held  until  1814. 
He  pursued  theological  studies  under  the  tui- 
tion of  Dr.  Dwight,  and  in  1816  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  church  in 
Middletoira,  Ct.,  but  in  the  following  year, 
though  greatly  endeared  to  his  flock,  he  was 
obliged,  in  consequence  of  ill  health,  to  resign 
his  charge.  In  1817,  on  the  accession  of  Dr. 
Day  to  the  presidency  of  the  College,  a  pro- 
fessorship of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  was  insti- 
tuted, to  which  Mr.  Goodrich  was  appointed. 
In  1820,  he  was  chosen  President  of  Williams 
College,  but  declined  the  appointment.  In 
1839,  he  became  Professor  of  the  Pastoral 
Charge  in  the  theological  department  of  Yale 
College,  and  continued  to  perform  the  duties 
of  that  office  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  2.5th  of  February,  1860. 

The  literary  labors  of  Professor  Goodrich 
were  various  and  successful.  In  1814,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Dr.  Dwight,  he  prepared  a  Greek 
Grammar,  which  came  into  general  use  and 
passed  through  numerous  editions.  At  a  later 
period,  in  1832,  he  published  a  manual,  entitled 


242 


Congregational  Quarterly  Record. 


[April, 


"  Latin  Lessons,"  and  another  entitled  "  Greek 
Lessons,"  both  of  which  were  extensively  cir- 
culated. In  1827,  he  superintended  the 
abridgment  of  Webster's  Quarto  American 
Dictionary.  In  1829,  he  established  the  Quar- 
terly Christian  Spectator,  having  purchased 
the  monthly  journal  of  the  same  name, — and 
conducted  the  magazine  with  remarkable  zeal 
and  enterprise  for  ten  years.  In  1846  and 
1847,  he  prepared,  with  great  labor,  revised 
editions  of  the  Unabridged  and  Abridged  Dic- 
tionaries of  Webster  ;  and  in  1856,  the  Univer- 
sity-Edition of  the  same  work.  In  1859,  he 
prepared  a  copious  appendix  for  the  Pictorial 
Edition,  to  which  he  added  a  very  valuable 
dictionary  of  S3'nonymes.  In  1852,  he  pub- 
lished a  work,  entitled  "  Select  British  Elo- 
quence," conJ;aining  the  masterpieces  of  Eng- 
lish oratory,  with  historical  and  critical  notes 
and  introductions. 

Professor  Goodrich  had  been,  for  many 
years,  an  active  and  prominent  member  of 
many  of  the  benevolent  societies  of  the  coun- 
try. He  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  sustain- 
ing the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions.  As  an  instructor,  he  was 
distinguished  for  his  enthusiasm,  his  untiring 
perseverance,  his  power  of  impressing  himself 
upon  his  pupils,  and  his  watchful  fidelity.     As 


a  Christian  and  a  teacher  of  the  Gospel,  he 
was  most  earnest  and  indefatigable  in  his 
efforts  to  do  good,  and  displayed  a  rare  elo- 
quence in  enforcing  religious  truth.  In  public 
and  in  private,  he  was  unwearied  in  his  exer- 
tions to  promote  the  kingdom  of  Chi-ist.  By 
his  urgent  persuasions,  many  have  been 
prompted  to  begin  the  Christian  life.  He  will 
be  long  remembered  by  a  multitude  of  stu- 
dents who  have  attended  his  Sabbath  evening 
lectures  to  the  undergraduate  members  of  Col- 
lege, which  have  been  continued,  with  the 
most  gratifying  results,  for  the  last  twenty 
years. 

Professor  Goodrich  was  a  generous  and  self- 
sacrificing  man  ;  liberal  to  the  poor,  and  ready 
to  befriend  all  who  were  in  need  of  help.  As 
an  example,  it  may  be  stated  that  he  frequently 
rendered  pecuniary  assistance  to  students  in 
preparation  for  the  ministry,  and  that  his  ben- 
efactions to  Yale  College  amount  to  about 
$20,000. 

The  funeral  of  Professor  Goodrich  was  at- 
tended in  the  Center  church.  New  Haven,  on 
the  Tuesday  following  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred Feb.  25th.  A  commemorative  discourse 
on  his  life  and  services,  was  delivered  in  the 
same  place,  by  President  Woolsey,  on  Monday 
evening,  the  oth  of  March. 


Cf)urcf}£3  Jorntct). 


Rev.   HIRAM  ELMER,    from    the   Ch.    in 

Chelsea,  MicU. 

Rev.  E.  J.  ALDEX,  from  the  Ch.  in  Met- 

tineague,  Ms. 

Rev.  WILLIAM  B.  LEE,  from  the  Center 

Ch.  ia  Fair  H.tven,  Ct. 
Feb.  8.     Rev.  SPEXCER  1U.RSH,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Burliiigtoj,  Vt. 
"     21.     Rev    IS  VAC  C.   WHITE,  from  the  Ch.  in 

North  Abington,  Ms. 
"    22.     Rev.   CVHIL   PEARL,    from   the    Ch.  of 

Baldwin  and  8ebago,  Me. 
■'    25.     Rev.   GILBERT  B.   RICHARDSON,  from 
the  1st  Oh.  in  Douglas,  Ms. 
March  1.     Rev.  J.   LEiVIS   DI.MAN,    from   the  1st 
Cong.  Ch.  in  Fall  River,  Ms. 
"    15.     Rev.  ED  ,V'IN  LEONARD,  from  the  Ch.  at 
Milton  Railway,  Ms. 


Dec.  27,  1859.     At  BEVERLY,  Adims  Co  ,  111.,  of 
17  members. 
"  29.     At  ROCK  CREEK,  111.,  of  40  members. 
Jan.    1,1860.    At  BROOKLYN,  L.  I.,  a  German  Ch., 
of  10  members. 
"     4.    At  BO.STON.  Ms.,  the  Springfield  St.  Ch.,  of 

30  members. 
"     8.     At  OSKALOOSA,  K.  T. 
"     8.    At  SALEM,  111. 
Feb.   1.     At  DRUM.MOXDVILLE,  C.  W. 

'•     2     At  BLUE  ISLAND,  near  Chicago,  111. 
At  FOLSOM,  Cal. 


pastors  QismissctJ. 

Dec.  28.     Rev.  FRANKLIN  HOLMES,  from  the  Ch. 

in  Norton,  Ms. 
Jan.  3    Rev.  ALANSON  D.  BARBER,  from  the  Ch. 
in  \Vi. listen,  Vt. 

"    3.     Rev  JESSE  K.  BRAGG,  from   the  Evan. 
Cong.  Ch.  in  South  BrooktieM,  Ms. 

"    6.    Rev.  EPHRAIM  C.  CUM.MINGS,  from  the 
Ch.  in  Brewer,  Me. 

"    5.  Rev.  LAVIU3  HYDE,  from  the  Ch.  in  Bol- 
ton, Ct 

"    19.    Rev.  LYSANDER  DICKERMAN,  from  the 

Ch.  in  Gloucester,  Ms. 
"     31.     Rev.   SAMUEL   M.  WORCESTER,   D.D., 

from  the  Tabernacle  Ch.  Salem,  Ms. 


fHt'ixisters  ©ctiainetj,  or  IritstallelJ. 

Sept.  17,  1859.     Mr.  JAMES  D.   LIGGET,   over  the 
Ch.  in  Leavenworth,  K.  T. 

Nov.  14.     Mr.  H  B.  STEWARD,  in  New  Y'ork,  over 
the  Cong.  Ch.  in  Liberia,  Africa. 

"  20  Mr.  JOHN  C.  HUTCIIINSOX,  over  the 
Ch.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Geo. 
F.  Ma.;oun,  of  Davenport  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  John  S.  WUitt.esey,  of  Wilton  Junc- 
tion. 
Dec.  18.  Prof.  JOHN  BASCOM,  as  an  Evangelist,  at 
Pownal,  Vt. 


I860.] 


Congregational  Quarterly  Beeorcl. 


243 


"  21.  Mr.  GEORGE  W.  SARGENT,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Havmond,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Austin 
Phelps,  of  Andover  Theo.  ^^emina^i■. 

"  21.  Mr  C.  L.  CCSHMAN,  over  the  1st  Cong. 
Oh.  in  Townsheud,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  John 
M.  Greene,  of  Hatfield,  Ms.  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Seth  S.  Arnold,  of  West  Townshend. 

"  28.  Mr.  WILLIAM  N.  BACON,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Pomfret,  Ct. 

Dec.  29.  Mr.  J.  HENRY  TIIAYER,  over  the 
Crombie  srreet  Church,  in  Salem,  Ms.  Ser- 
mon by  Prof.  Austin  Phelps.  Ordaining 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Brown  Emerson,  D.D.,  of 
Salem. 

Dec.  29.  Mr.  HENRY  E.  DWIGIIT,  over  the  1st 
ConKregational  Church  in  Randolph,  Ms. 
Sermon  by  Rev.  Wm.  T.  Dwiglit,  D.D., 
(father  of  the  candidate.)  of  Portland,  Me. 
Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs, 
D  D.,  of  liraintree. 

Jan.  2.  Rev.  JAMES  SHAW,  over  the  Church  in 
Windham,  Ohio. 
"  3.  Rev  A  DECATUR  SPALTER,  late  pastor 
of  St  John's  (Episcopal)  Church,  Wilkinson- 
ville,  Ms.,  united  witu  the  Brookfield  Associa- 
tion of  .Ministers. 
"  4.  Mr.  JOHN  L.  GRAVES,  over  the  Spring- 
field street  Church  in  Boston.  Ms.,  (organized 
the  same  day.)  Sermon  by  Rev.  Edward  N. 
Kirk,  D.D  ,  of  Boston.  Ordaining  Prayer  by 
Rev.  NehemLah  Adams,  D.D.,  of  Boston. 

"  8.  Mr.  WILLIAM  H.  WARD,  ov.-r  the  Church 
in  Oskaloosa,  K   T.,  organized  the  same  day. 

"  10.  Mr.  E.  B  FAIRCHILD,  over  the  Church 
in  Sterling,  Ms. 

"  11.  Rev.  EDWIN  P.  PARKER,  over  the  South 
Congregational  Church  in  Hartford,  Ct. 

'•  11.  Mr.  SIDNEY  K.  B.  PERKINS,  over  the 
Church  in  Glover,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Jonas 
Perkins,  of  Braintree,  Ms.,  (father  of  the  can- 
didate.) Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Samuel 
R.  Ha  1,  of  Bro    Lington. 

"  18.  Mr.  W.  D.  HERRICK,  over  the  Church  in 
Redding,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  S.miuel  Coe,  of 
Danbury.  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  William 
H.  Moore,  of  Newtown. 

"  25.  Mr.  E.  STROWBRIDGE.  over  the  Church 
in  Centralia,  K.  T. 

"  25.  Mr.  HENRY  M.  HAZELTINE,  over  the 
Church  iu  Sherman,  N.  Y. 

"  —  Mr  ZENAS  GOSS,  as  a  Missionary  (to 
Southern  Armenia,)  at  Waterford.  Vt.  Sermon 
by  President  Lord,  of  Dartmouth  College.  Or- 
daining Pray^^  by  Rev.  John  Bower.-i,  of  St. 
Johnsbury  East. 
Feb.  2.  Mr.  JOHN  E.  TODD,  over  the  Central 
Church,  Boston.  Invocation  by  Rev.  Joab 
Brace,  D.D.,  (grandfather  of  the  candidate.) 
Sermon  by  Rev.  John  Todd.  D.D  .  of  Pittstield, 
(father  of  the  candidate.)  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  N.  Adams,  D.D.,  of  Boston. 

"  2.  Rev.  A.  C.  FLETCHER,  over  the  Church 
in  AVayland,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Charles  M. 
Tyler,  of  Natick.  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev. 
Erastus  Dickinson,  of  Sudbury. 

"  2.  Mr.  AMHERST  L.  THOMPSON,  as  MLssion- 
ary  to  Persia.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr.  Mi-Ewen, 
of  Enfield.  Ordaining  Prayer  by  President 
Stearns,  of  Amherst  College. 

"  7.  Rev.  BENJAMIN  F.  RAY,  over  the  Church 
in  White  River  Village,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Prof. 
John  N.  Putnam,  of  Dartmouth  College. 

"  8.  Rev.  EDWARD  F.  BROOKS,  over  the 
Church  in  North  Mansfield,  Ct.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Thomas  T.  Waterman,  of  West  Killingly. 

•'  9.  Rev.  E.  W.  ROOT,  over  the  1st  Congrega- 
tional Church  in  Springfield,  Ohio.  Sermon 
by  Rev.  Prof.  Joseph  Haven,  D.D.,  of  Chicago. 


Feb.  11.  Mr.  HENRY  T.  ST.AATS,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Flushing,  L.  I.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Joseph  P. 
Thompson,  D.D.,  of  New  York.  Ord.iining 
Prayer  by  Rev.  William  I.  Budiugton,  D.D. ,  of 
Brooklyn. 

"  15.  Rev.  STEPHEN  C.  STRONG,  over  the 
Ch.  in  Gorham,  Me. 

"  15.  Mr  FRANCIS  B.  PERKINS,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Montague,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Amo3 
Blanchard.  D.D.,  of  Lowell.  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Azariah  Chandler,  D.D.,  of  Greenfield. 

"  22  Rev.  AARON  R.  LIVERMORE,  over  the 
Ch.  in  Goshen  Society,  Lebanon.  It.  Sermon 
by  Rev.  ^'almon  J.  McCall,  of  Old  Saybrook. 
Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  Thomas  L.  Shipman, 
of  Jewett  City. 

'•  23.  Mr.  ^VILLIAM  H.  BESSOM,  over  the  Ch. 
in  CentervillH,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Isaiah  C. 
Thatcher,  of  Midd'eboro'.  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Elisha  Bacon,  of  Ceniervilie. 

Mr.  ELIJAH  S.  FAIRCHILD,  over  the  Ch. 

in  Morrisania,  N.  Y. 

March  1.  Mr.  E.  0.  JAMESON,  over  the  Ch.  in 
East  Concord,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Henry 
E.  Parker,  of  Concord.  Ordaii  in?  Prayer  by 
Rev.  Asa  P.  Tenney,  of  \\  est  Concord 

"  15.  Rev.  J.  LEVVIS  DIMAN,  over  the  Harvard 
Ch.,Bronklinp,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Thatcher 
Thaver,  D.D,,  of  Newport,  R.  I.  Insralling 
Praver  by  Rev.  Thomas  Shepard,  D.D.,  of 
Bristol,  11.  I. 


Dec.  19.  1859.  In  South  Had!ey.  Ms.,  Rev.  ORLAN- 
DO H  WHITE,  of  M^riden,  Ct.,  to  Mrs. 
CHARLOTTE  B.  LOOMIS,  of  Windsor,  Ct. 

"  28.  In  Portland,  Me.,  Rev.  EDWARD  P. 
THWING.  pastor  of  St.  Lawrence  Street  Ch., 
Portland,  to  .Miss  SUSAN  WAIl'E,  of  P. 

Jan.  3,  1860.  In  Greei  field,  Ms.,  Rev.  WILLIAM 
E.  ARMS,  to  Miss  E.MILY,  daughter  of  Tru- 
man Meekins,  of  G  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arms  have 
since  sailed  for  the  Northern  Armenian  Mis- 
sion. 

"  3.  In  Philadelphia,  Rev.  WILLIAM  PAT- 
TON,  D.D.,  of  New  York,  to  Miss  MARY  BIRD, 
of  P. 

Feb.  2.  In  Amherst,  Ms  ,  Rev.  AMHERST  L. 
L.  THOMPSON  (>ee  ordinations,)  to  Miss 
ESTHER,  daughter  of  Dea.  G.  Munsell,  of  A. 


fHi'nistcrs  Bereaseli. 

Jan.  8,  1860.    In   Richmond,  Ms.,   Rev.   CHARLES 
S.  RENSHAW,  aged  48. 
"    16.    In   Athens,   Me.,    Rev.    LEVI    LORING, 

aged  77. 
"    22.    In   Springfield,  Vt.,    Rev.   NATHAN    S. 
HASELTINE,  aged  30. 

Feb.  2.    In   Brewster,  Ms.,   Rev.  ENOCH   PRATT, 

aged  78. 
"    3.     In   Ipswich,   Ms.,   Rev.   DAVID  T.   KDI- 

BALL,  aged  77  years,  2  months. 
"     7.     In   Rowley,   Ms.,     Rev.   WaLLARD    HOL- 

BROOK,  aged  68. 
"     —     In  Auburn,  Me.,  Rev.  D.^NIEL  W.  PICK- 

ARD,  formerly  of  Groveland,  Ms.,  aged  — 
"    24.     In  Brentwood,  N.   H.,  Rev.  JONATHAN 

WOOD,  aged  90. 
"    25.     In  New  Haven,  Ct.,  Rev.  CHAUNCEY  A. 

GOODRICH,  D.D.,  aged  70. 
March  11.     In  South  Reading,  Ms.,  Rev.  REUBEN 

EMERSON,  aged  88. 


244  Quarterly  Meetings.  [April. 

^uarterb  Peetmg  of  tlje  Coitgregational  liibrarg  gissociation;. 

Dr.  Ebenezer  Aldex  in  the  chair,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  read  a  paper  on  Rev.  John 
Wise,  and  those  two  productions  of  his  pen,  "  The  Churches'  Quarrel  Espoused,"  and  "  A  Vin- 
dication of  the  Government  of  New  England  Churches." 

He  was  born  in  Roxbury,  1652  ;  graduated  at  Harvard,  1673  ;  settled  in  Chebacco,  a  parish  in 
Ipswich,  (now  Essex,)  1683  ;  he  withstood  the  tyrannical  measures  which  Sir  Edmund  Andrus 
undertook  to  carry  out  a  few  years  after,  and  incited  his  people  to  do  the  same.  For  this  he  was 
arrested,  imprisoned,  fined  £50,  put  under  bonds  of  £1,000  to  keep  the  peace,  and  deposed  from 
the  ministry,  so  far  as  the  incensed  governor-general  could  depose  him.  As  might  naturally  be 
presumed,  a  minister  so  trained,  and  imbued  with  such  a  liberty-loving  spirit,  would  be  among 
the  first  to  discover  any  encroachment  on  the  rights  of  the  churches,  and  the  last  to  surrender 
one  iota  of  their  just  liberties,  either  to  Pope  or  Presbytery.  It  was  but  following  out  his  own 
instincts,  therefore,  when,  in  a  day  of  peril  to  their  ancient  polity,  he  thrust  himself  between 
them  and  harm,  in  that  caustic  satire,  the  "  Churches'  Quarrel  Espoused,"  which  was  followed, 
about  five  years  after,  by  the  "  Vindication," — a  treatise  on  Church  government,  as  remarkable 
for  terse  logic,  as  the  other  is  for  keen  satire.  Facts  were  adduced  to  show  that  these  writings 
of  Mr.  Wise,  in  defence  of  the  Congregational  polity,  had  an  important  agency  in  bringing 
about  the  independence  of  our  nation,  and  of  determining  its  republican  form  of  government. 

The  subject  matter  of  the  paper  was  freely  discussed  by  the  members  present,  who  unani- 
mously expressed  a  desire  to  see  these  pithy  productions  in  a  new  edition,  the  latest  of  which  is 
almost  ninety  years  old. 

The  reported  donations  and  deposits  of  books,  &c.,  during  the  quarter,  amounted  to  82  bound 
volumes,  besides  221  numbers  of  Littell's  Living  Age,  310  pamphlets,  and  several  valuable  man- 
uscripts. The  great  and  pressing  want  of  the  Association,  just  now,  is  money — the  means  of 
paying  for  their  building.  Those  pastors  who  have  not  yet  given  their  people  an  opportunity  to 
respond  to  the  call  that  has  been  made  for  that  "  one  collection,"  are  hereby  respectfully 
besought  to  do  it. 

Hon.  Emoky  Washburn  will  deliver  the  public  address,  at  the  anniversary  in  May, 


Hmtritan   €^onsnsationaI   Elnion. 

The  "  Treasurer  and  Secretary  "  have  been  meekly  sitting  at  the  "  receipt "  of  Christian 
benevolence,  to  catch  what  might  fall  from  the  hands  of  the  well  disposed,  in  aid  of  the  impor- 
tant object  the  above  named  organization  is  laboring  to  promote.  In  December,  they  gathered 
#1,092,12  ;  in  January  $1,682,62,  and  in  February,  #817,11.  Total  in  three  months,  #3,591,85. 
During  the  past  three  months  the  Treasurer  has  paid  last  bills  on  churches,  as  follows,  viz  : 
Newton,  Iowa,  #300  ;  Abingdon,  111.,  especial,  by  a  friend  in  Mass.,  #250  ;  Prescott,  Wis.,  #200 ; 
Independent  Congregational  church,  Ottawa,  Wis.,  especial,  by  the  High  Street  Congi-egational 
church,  Providence,  R.  I.,  #75  ;  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  especial,  by  the  High  Street  Congregational 
church,  Providence,  R.  I.,  #200;  Holland,  Ms.,  #150;  Brownville,  Nebraska  Territory, 
#300;  St.  Charles,  Minnesota,  especial,  by  E.  Oilman,  Esq.,  Chelsea,  Ms.,  #250;  West 
Spring  Creek,  Pcnn.,  #175  ;  Canandaigua,  Mich.,  especial,  by  two  gentlemen  of  the  South 
Congregational  Society  of  Salem,  Ms.,  #200.  Never,  "  until  the  books  are  opened,"  will  it  be 
seen  how  much  has  been  accomplished  by  bringing  these  ten  churches  from  their  school-houses, 
store-rooms,  and  no  rooms,  into  commodious  places,  builded  for  and  dedicated  to  the  service 
and  worship  of  the  Great  God.  Our  chief  regret  is  that  we  cannot  aid  hundreds  instead  of  tens 
The  Secretary  finds  himself  now-a-days  in  the  receipt  of  applications  for  aid,  much  more  abun- 
dantly than  of  funds  to  furnish  that  aid.  Six  are  before  him,  received  in  the  last  ten  days.  Two 
of  them  are  from  very  feeble  churches  in  the  State  of  New  York,  each  of  which  has  a  sanctuary, 
but,  alas,  it  was  built  under  a  debt,  which  now  must  be  paid  or  the  house  sold,  and  if  sold — a  neigh- 
boring pastor,  writing  in  behalf  of  one  of  the  churches,  says — "all  there  will  go  to  the  Devil." 
The  last  ray  of  moral  light  will  be  extinguished.  Another  is  from  a  colony  in  a  wide  and  as 
yet  unsurveyed  region  in  the  Great  Northwest,  where  the  Jirst  Christian  church  is  to  be  estab- 
lished, and  the  first  sanctuary  is  yet  to  rise.  Another  is  from  our  youngest  State.  The  little 
church  is  now  occupying  its  fifth  room  in  the  eighteen  months  of  its  existence.  Help  is  greatly 
needed  by  these  feeble,  but  hopeful  Christian  bands. 

Prof.  ArsTiN  Phelps,  D.D.,  of  Andover,  Ms.,  will  deliver  the  address  at  the  next  anniversary 
of  the  Union.     The  collation  will  be  held  as  usual,  and  promises  to  be  a  success. 

Correction, — Gov.  Strong  died  in  1819,  not  1818,  as  appears  on  p.  172,  7th  line  of  last  column. 


Office,  corner  of  State  and  Congress  Sts.,  BOSTON, 

In  the   Company's  Building^ 

INSURES  LIVES  on  the  MUTUAL  PRINCIPLE.  Net 
accumulation,  exceeding 

^1,350^000, 

and  increasing,  for  the  benefit  of  Members,  present  and  fu- 
ture. The  whole  safely  and  advantageously  invested.  The 
business  conducted  exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  the  persons 
insured.  The  greatest  risk  taken  on  a  life,  $15,000.  Sur- 
plus distributed  among  the  members  every  fifth,  year,  from 
Dec.  1,  1843 ;  settled  by  cash,  or  by  addition  to  policy. 
The  distribution  of  Dec'r,  1858,  amounted  to  thirty-six  per 
cent,  of  the  premium  paid  in  the  last  five  years.  Premiums 
may  be  paid  quarterly  or  semi-annually,  when  desired,  and 
amounts  not  too  small. 

Forms  of  Application,  and  Pamphlets  of  the  Company, 
and  its  Reports,  to  be  had  of  its  Agents,  or  at  the  Office  of 
the  Company,  or  forwarded  by  mail,  if  written  for. 

WILLARD  PHILLIPS,  President, 
MARSHALL  P.  WILDER, 
CHARLES  P.  CURTIS, 
THOMAS  A.  DEXTER, 
A.  W.  THAXTER,  JR., 
GEORGE  H.  FOLGER, 
WILLIAM  B.  REYNOLDS, 
CHARLES  HUBBARD, 
SEWELL  TAPPAN, 
FRANCIS  C.  LOWELL, 
JAMES  STURGIS. 

JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D.,  Consulting  Physician. 

BENJAMIN  F.  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


"GET    THE    BEST!" 


Messrs.  LADD,  WEBSTER  &  Co. 

Would  invite  the   attention   of  Clergymen  and  others   to  their   unrivalled 

Tight- Stitch  Sewing  Jffachines^ 

Designed  for  Family  use.  Among  the  numerous  Testimonials  received, 
they  have  selected  two  or  three,  to  which  they  respectfully  invite  the  at- 
tention of  those  who  may  desire  to  purchase  a  really  reliable  article. 


a,  bcotduiil  lo-QM,  ibitciv, 
aXi-R.6  on/  tJ-ottv  6-uoe4-,  cwi/O 
M>fli.civ  ccuvrvob  u-e  'iom- 
clCeo. 


Cm\o    kJ  0016    ale    1e- 
smA,\ea  m,  it6  o|vela/bu>rv. 


'^^'^      TIGHT-STITCH        • 

SEWING  MACHINES, 

NO.  17  SUMIER  STREET, 

Opposite  Trinity  Church, 


cy  1 1/6  cakcuH/e  op  h/ei- 
rolrvLm<a  live  rveaute6t  o^ 
wwb  aA>  live  1/La.fue^  lOi- 
m-\ML  6«u>wva. 

CiTot6ele66  cMvO  VoivtO 
Ltv  oji/eloti-on/. 

q)  t  l6  40  ^vLrM-kXe  atto 
6tVon/q,,  laat  oeVanoe- 
tnen.t  op  it6  h/OLlt^  l6  otl- 
nvoiA,  on/  i/m|vo6'M.t>tii/tu,. 


Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Isaac  P.  Langtoorthy,  Sec'y  American  Congregational 
Union,  to  a  brother  Clergyman- 

Chelsea,  Ms.,  Aug.  13,  1859. 

I  wish  every  minister's  wife  had  one.     Her  friends  can  do  nothing  for 

her  to  the  same  amount  that  will  so  much  help  and  bless  her  and  her  family,  as  to 
give  her  one.  The  gentlemanly  and  Christian  proprietors  make  liberal  discounts  to 
Clergymen,  and  are  worthy  the  patronage  they  seek,  not  for  this  reason  so  much  as 
because  they  offer  for  sale  the  best  of  those  instruments,  which  have  become  an 
institution  for  woman. 

Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  E.  A.  Cwnmings,  Sec'y  of  Female  College,  Worcester. 

Female  College,  Worcester,  Dec.  1858. 
Allow  me  to  say,  after  having  well  proved  your  Family  Sewing  Ma- 
chine, that  we  are  perfectly  salisfed  with  our  choice,  and  recommend  it  with  a  great 
degree  of  confidence. 

LADD,  WEBSTER  &  €0.,  17  Sammer  Street,  Boston, 


500  Broadway,  New  York, 

820  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 


131  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore, 
80  West  4th  Street,  Cincinnati. 


Vol.  II.  No.  3.  (One  Dollar  a  Year  in  Advance.)  yf^^l^  ^q^  7, 


THE 


C0itgngati0nal  ^uartnlg; 


JXTL^^-^   iseo. 


CONDUCTED,    UNDER    THE    SANCTION    OF    THE 

C0nflreflational    ILitirarg    313  0  0  eta  t  ion, 

AND    THE 

American    C0ngregatt0nal    Wcnian, 

BY 

Revs.  J.  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,   H.  M.  DEXTER,   A.  H.  QUINT, 
AND  I.  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


BOSTON: 

CONGREGATIONAL   BUILDING,    CHAUNCY   STREET. 

NEW    Y  O  R  K  : 

ROOMS  OF  AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION, 

348    BROADWAT. 


'MBt^mmi  'It  MmlmM  M  • 


DWI&HT    PROFESiOn 


•1     VALE    LIILLt'". 


THE 


(|0«jjr]jjgHti0«Hl   d|iuirtijrl||. 


Whole  No.  VII.— JULY,  I860.— Vol.  II.  No.  III. 


A  SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  AND  CHARACTER  OP 

R  E  Y .    NATHANIEL    W .    T  A  Y  L  0  11 ,    D  .  D  . 

BY    REV.    S.    "SV.    S.    DtlTTON,    D.I).,    ^'E^V    HAYEX,    CT. 


We  cannot  expect  to  give  a  sketch  of 
the  life  and  character  of  Rev.  Dr.  Taylor, 
at  this  late  period,  more  than  two  years 
after  his  death,  without  repeating  much 
■which  has  been,  in  substance,  said,  In  the 
many  memorials  of  him  that  have  been 
already  published.  Yet  we  cannot  con- 
sent that  our  Congregational  Quarterly 
should  be  without  a  notice  on  its  pages  of 
a  congregational  preacher  and  theologian, 
who  has  had  so  wide  and  etTective  an  in- 
fluence in  shaping  and  inspiring  the 
preaching  and  theology  of  the  age. 

In  outline,  his  life  was  this.  He  was 
born  on  the  23d  of  June,  178G,  in  New 
Milford,  Ct.,  a  large  and  pleasant  town  in 
the  southwestern  part  of  Litchfield  county, 
on  the  banks  of  the  beautiful  Housatonic 
river.  He  was  the  son  of  Nathaniel,  and 
Anne  (Northrop)  Taylor.  Like  the 
greater  part  of  the  Connecticut  people,  he 
was  of  English  ancestry.  His  grandfather, 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Taylor,  was  for  fifty-three 
years  pastor  of  the  Church  in  New  Mil- 
ford.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College, 
and  for  twenty-six  years,  from  1774  till 
his  death  in  1800,  was  a  member  of  its 
corporation.  He  was  an  able  preacher, 
and,  like  all  the  Congregational  ministers 
VOL.  II.  29 


of  that  period,  was  deeply  interested  In 
civil  liberty,  especially  because  of  its  bear- 
ing on  religious  liberty.  He  was  chaplain 
of  a  regiment  of  Connecticut  troops,  dui'- 
ing  a  part  of  the  "  old  French  war."  One 
of  his  sermons,  preached  while  he  held 
that  office,  a  farewell  sermon  to  the  sol- 
diers at  Crown  Point,  was  published,  and 
is  an  honorable  evidence  of  his  patriotic 
zeal  and  his  Christian  fidelity.  He  was 
wealthy  for  the  times,  and  especially  for 
a  minister,  and  educated  two  of  his  sons  at 
Yale  College.  Dr.  Taylor  received  the 
name  of  his  grandfather  and  father,  Na- 
thaniel, and  also  the  name  of  his  uncle, 
William,  who  graduated  at  Yale  College 
In  1785.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  foUow- 
inor  a  part  of  the  pursuits  of  his  father, 
who,  after  a  frequent  custom  of  those  days, 
united  the  cultivation  of  a  farm  with  the 
care  of  a  church  and  a  parish.  On  this 
farm  of  his  father  and  grandfather.  Dr. 
Taylor  acquired  a  love  for  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  for  the  exercise  and  pleas- 
ures of  a  garden,  which  he  always  retained, 
and  also  a  fondness  for  domestic  animals, 
especially  the  horse.  In  that  noble  crea- 
ture he  had  great  delight ;  and  few  were 
better  judges  of  his  powers  or  more  skill- 


246 


Ra\  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


ful  in  using  them.  Riding  was  his  favorite 
exercise,  and  was  of  great  service  to  him, 
at  various  periods  of  his  life,  amid  the 
arduous  duties  of  his  pastorate  and  profes- 
sorship. From  the  scenes  of  his  early  life 
on  the  farm  were  drawn,  also,  many  of  the 
illustrations  with  which  he  illumined  his 
subjects  and  amused  his  students.  There, 
too,  he  acquired  and  cultivated  that  ath- 
letic power  and  habit  of  body,  which  made 
him  the  superior  in  athletic  sports  and  con- 
tests, and  promoted  him  to  that  office  in 
college,  which  is  awarded  to  excellence 
in  personal  strength  and  courage ;  or 
rather,  ivns  so  awarded,  for  now  it  is 
among  the  College  customs  that  have  been 
reformed  out  of  existence.  But  strongest 
of  all  his  early  impressions  were  those 
made  upon  his  mind  and  heart  by  his  mo- 
ther, whose  wise  care  and  devoted  tender- 
ness to  him,  her  youngest  son,  caused  a 
filial  attachment,  which  seemed  stronger 
as  the  years  rolled  on.  The  sermon  that 
he  pi-eached  to  his  people  after  returning 
from  her  funeral,  was  long  remembered, 
and  was  described  as  one  that  would  melt 
a  heart  of  adamant. 

He  was  fitted  for  College  in  Bethlehem, 
a  town  of  Litchfield  County,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  New  Milford,  then  celebrated  as  the 
place  in  which  Rev.  Dr.  J  oseph  Bellamy 
preached  and  reigned,  and  in  the  family 
school  of  Rev.  Dr.  Azel  Backus,  then  pas- 
tor of  the  Church  in  Bethlehem,  and 
afterwards  President  of  Hamilton  College. 
In  this  favorite  family  school,  were  at  that 
time  many  youth,  who  afterwards  served 
their  country  in  the  various  professions, 
and  who  then  formed  friendships,  which 
continued  through  life.  Among  them  was 
Rev.  Dr.  Chester,  of  Albany.  AVith  these 
youth,  Taylor,  who  was  one  of  the  young- 
est, was  a  general  favorite.  The  writer 
has  often  heard  his  father,  who  was  pre- 
pared for  College  by  Dr.  Backus,  at  that 
time,  speak  of  his  early  promise,  and 
especially  of  his  boyish  beauty  and  amla- 
bleness.  Their  teacher,  Dr.  Backus,  who 
was  a  man  of  remarkable  character,  uniting 
fervent  piety  with  great  wit  and  humor, 


great  variety,  depth  and  fluency  of  emo- 
tion, and  great  originality  and  force  of 
intellect,  was  peculiarly  fond  of  young 
Taylor,  and  afterwards  watched,  with 
special  interest,  his  collegiate  course  and 
the  beginning  of  liis  professional  life.  Dr. 
Taylor's  pupils  have  often  heard  him,  in 
that  familiar  intercourse  with  them  which 
was  so  pleasant  to  him,  and  both  pleasant 
and  instructive  to  them,  give  an  account 
of  his  meeting  with  Di'.  Backus  soon  after 
he  began  to  preach.  His  old  instructor 
pressed  towards  him,  with  tears  of  joy 
streaming  down  his  fixce,  exclaiming, 
"  I've  heard  about  you  !  I've  heard  about 
you  ! " 

Dr.  Taylor  entered  Yale  College  in 
1800,  when  he  was  only  fourteen  years  of 
age,  being  quite  forward  in  his  studies, 
and  having  been  easily  eminent  in  all  the 
schools  and  classes  of  which  he  had  been 
a  member.  But  he  was  soon  attacked  by 
a  disease  of  the  eyes,  which  compelled 
him  to  leave  College  for  a  time.  He 
returned,  after  a  year  or  more,  and  joined 
the  next  class;  but  the  same  trouble  of 
the  eyes  came  upon  him  again  with  such 
severity,  that  he  was  obliged  again  to 
leave,  and  to  relinquish  study  altogether. 
He  made  another  trial,  three  or  four  years 
after,  in  1805,  and  was  then  able  to  go  on, 
though  at  a  disadvantage,  and  graduated 
in  1807.  His  enthusiasm,  however,  bad 
been  quenched  by  being  so  often  disabled ; 
and  he  returned  to  College,  this  third 
time,  rather  at  the  urgent  desire  of  his 
parents,  than  from  any  expectation  or  in- 
tention to  succeed  as  a  scholar.  He  said 
himself,  concerning  this  period,  as  quoted 
by  Prof.  Fisher,  in  his  Memorial  Dis- 
course in  Yale  College  Chapel :  "  Though 
I  had  previously  felt  an  intense  interest 
in  study,  I  had,  by  that  time,  entirely  lost 
it.  Occasionally,  however,  my  emulation 
was  stirred  ;  but  it  was  to  little  purpose, 
as  I  had  abandoned  the  thought  of  either 
doing  or  being  much  in  future  life." 
"  But  this  apathy,"  Prof  Fisher  adds, 
"  was  foreign  to  his  nature,  and  could  not 
long  continue.     It  was  in  consequence  of 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


247 


the  encouragement  which  he  received 
from  Dr.  Dwigbt  that  he  was  aroused  and 
inspired  with  fresh  zeal  for  intellectual 
exertion.  In  his  Senior  year,  he  read  in 
the  presence  of  the  class,  and  before  the 
President,  an  essay  on  '  The  Foundation  of 
Virtue.'  His  classmates  who  had  pre- 
ceded him,  had  failed  to  apprehend  the 
point  of  the  theme  ;  and  the  President 
had  observed,  as  each  of  them  finished, 
that  they  did  not  undei'stand  the  question  ; 
but  after  Taylor  had  read,  the  President 
remarked,  with  great  emphasis  :  '  That  is 
right ! ' — and  added  words  of  commenda- 
tion, which  made  his  young  heart  beat 
quick.  His  despondency  was  over ;  and  to 
this  event  he  attributed  not  only  his  re- 
A'ived  enthusiasm,  but  also  the  direction 
which  his  studies  afterwards  took.  The 
circumstance  proves  how  much  a  few 
words  of  a  teacher  may  effect,  if  spoken 
at  the  right  moment." 

He  became  interested  in  religion  dui'ing 
his  Junior,  or  third  year  in  College.  He 
was  convicted  of  his  sinfulness  very  deeply 
and  most  painfully, — so  painfully  that  Dr. 
Dwight,  his  spiritual  adviser,  feared  that 
his  reason  would  be  deranged.  He  soon 
became  a  decided  servant  of  Christ,  though 
his  belief  that  he  was,  and  his  consequent 
hope  in  the  forgiving  mercy  of  God,  were 
feeble.  That  hope,  as  he  has  frequently 
said,  was  first  kindled  by  the  aSecting 
manner  in  which  President  Dwight,  in 
one  of  his  prayers  in  the  Chapel,  quoted 
the  Scriptural  words,  "  A  bruised  reed 
shall  he  not  break,  and  the  smoking  flax 
shall  he  not  quench." 

One  incident  during  his  early  religious 
interest,  which  the  writer  has  heard  him 
relate,  is  worthy  of  permanent  record  for 
its  instructive  and  monitory  character. 
There  was  a  classmate  and  particular 
friend  of  his,  who  at  the  same  time,  by 
the  working  of  the  Divine  Spirit,  was 
concerned  for  his  eternal  interests.  The 
two  friends  communicated  their  feel- 
ings to  each  other.  And  one  da}',  while 
walking  together,  they  raised  the  ques- 
tion whether  they  should  call  on  Presi- 


dent Dwight,  who  had  invited  all  persons 
thoughtful  upon  religion  to  call  and  con- 
verse with  him.  At  length,  while  still 
talking  and  doubting  on  that  question, 
they  came  to  Dr.  D  wight's  gate.  There 
they  stopped  and  hesitated.  Soon,  Tay- 
lor said,  "  Well,  I  sliall  ijo  in"  "  Well," 
rejoined  his  companion,  "  /  thinJc  I  loill 
not,  to-day."  Taylor  did  go  In.  And  the 
result  of  his  conversation  with  that  emi- 
nent Christian  guide,  was  that  he  gave 
himself  to  Christ,  in  a  covenant  never  to 
be  broken,  and  became  "  a  burning  and 
a  shining  light"  in  his  kingdom.  His 
friend  from  that  time  thought  less  and 
less  on  the  subject ;  and  though  he  lived 
for  many  years  afterwards,  a  respectable 
man,  he  died  without  giving  any  evidence 
of  a  saving  interest  in  Christ.  Such  are 
the  crises  in  the  history  of  immortal  souls  ! 
Such  are  the  turning  points  in  eternal 
destiny !  Thus  it  is  that  companions 
travel  together  till  they  come  to  where 
they  see  plainly  the  open  path  to  Christ. 
They  consider ;  they  decide ;  the  one 
taking  the  way  to  everlasting  life,  and  the 
other  pursuing  the  way  to  everlasting 
death !  How  important  that  in  these 
crises  of  eternal  destiny,  men  act  aright  ! 
that  they  then  regard  the  divine  warning 
and  entreaty,  "  Quench  not  the  Spirit !" 

His  hope  of  salvation,  however,  was  at 
first  feeble,  and  for  many  years  was  not 
strong,  owing  perhaps  to  the  type  of  in- 
struction and  experience  which  he  had  in 
his  revered  teacher.  Dr.  Dwight,  who  was 
never  strongly  confident  of  his  good 
estate.  Indeed,  Dr.  Taylor,  through  life, 
was  not  accustomed  to  express  confident 
assurance  of  hope,  though  he  had  a  degree 
of  hope  which  gave  him,  for  the  most 
part,  peace  and  joy.  He  had  a  very 
clear  view  and  deep  sense  of  his  own 
unworthlness  and  imperfections,  and  a 
strong  conviction  and  fear  of  the  deceit- 
fulness  of  the  human  heart.  And  these, 
united  with  some  error  or  undue  severity 
of  judgment  with  regard  to  his  full  and 
habitual  compliance  with  the  terms  of 
grace,  prevented  his  feeling   of  full  as- 


248 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


surance  of  hope.  We  say  some  error  or 
undue  severity  of  self-judgment,  and 
would  apply  the  phrase  to  Dr.  Dwight 
also.  For  both  these  eminent  Christians, 
we  are  confident,  were  entitled  to  full 
assurance  ;  and  for  the  benefit  of  others, 
should  have  given  an  example  of  it ;  and 
they  would,  if  they  had  been  accustomed 
to  take  an  entirely  fair  and  balanced  view 
of  their  own  spiritual  state,  as  related  to 
the  terms  of  divine  grace.  An  illustra- 
tion, indicative  of  Dr.  Taylor's  state  of 
mind  in  this  respect,  was  afforded  by  an 
interview  with  him  a  few  months  before 
his  death,  when  he  was  quite  feeble,  of  an 
intimate  friend  and  classmate,  an  eminent 
Christian.  Very  naturally,  the  conversa- 
tion turned  upon  the  end  of  life  and  their 
hopes  as  to  the  state  beyond.  Dr.  Tay- 
lor expressed,  as  he  often  did,  his  deep 
sense  of  personal  unworthiness,  and  spoke 
of  his  hope  of  acceptance  as  by  no  means 
strong,  and  then  ended  by  saying  :  "  But 
one  thing  I  do  know,  that  I  never  could 
be  contented  to  spend  my  eternity  with 
wicked  spirits,  and  with  the  enemies  of 
God.  And  if  I  should  be  shut  out  of 
heaven,  I  would  go  to  the  door  and  say, 
'  Do,  Do,  DO  let  me  come  in.'  " 

During  the  year  after  his  graduation, 
he  was  employed  in  the  family  of  Hon. 
Stephen  Van  Renssellaer,  of  Albany,  (the 
patroon,  as  he  was  called.)  as  private  tutor 
of  his  son.  Several  months  of  this  year 
he  spent  in  Montreal,  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  French  lan- 
guage. He  then,  in  1808,  became  a  stu- 
dent of  theology  with  Dr.  Dwight  for  four 
years,  an  unusually  thorough  and  jn'O- 
tracted  course  for  that  period.  He  was 
favored  by  especial  intimacy  with  this 
eminent  Christian  teacher,  the  friend  of 
his  youth,  and  his  spiritual  father ;  and  for 
two  years  he  was  a  member  of  his  family, 
taking  the  office  of  his  amanuensis,  and 
writing  down,  at  his  dictation,  most  of  the 
sermons  which  compose  his  Theological 
System.  No  other  man  ever  made  so 
strong  and  deep  an  impression  on  his 
mind   and  heart;  and  he   cherished  for 


him,  through  life,  a  feeling  of  reverence 
and  aff'ection,  such  as  he  entertained  for 
no  other.  In  1810,  he  was  examined, 
"  approbated,  and  recommended  to  the 
churches  as  a  candidate  for  the  Christian 
ministry."  One  of  his  earliest  sermons, 
preached  in  his  native  town,  to  an  au- 
dience including  many  young  persons 
who  had  been  his  associates  in  childhood, 
was  a  sermon  characteristic  of  the  spirit 
of  his  subsequent  course  as  a  preacher 
and  teacher  of  theology,  from  the  text, 
"  If  I  say  the  truth,  why  do  ye  not  be- 
lieve me  ?" — a  text  which,  as  his  students 
remember,  he  was  accustomed  often  to 
repeat  with  peculiar  emphasis,  because 
declaring  the  fundamental  character  of 
truth,  and  the  obligation  of  all  minds  to 
believe  it,  and  to  follow  it  wherever  it 
leads. 

For  more  than  a  year,  nearly  two  years, 
after  he  was  "  approbated,"  or  "  licensed," 
as  the  modern  phrase  is,  as  a  candidate 
for  the  ministry,  he  continued  his  studies 
with  Dr.  Dwight,  preaching  occasionally, 
as  opportunity  off'ered.  At  that  time,  the 
First  Church  in  New  Haven,  usually 
called  the  "  Centre  Church,"  from  its 
central  position  in  the  line  of  three 
churches  in  the  public  square,  —  the 
ancient  church,  whose  history  is  coeval 
with  that  of  the  town  and  colony  of  New 
Haven, — was  without  a  pastor.  Rev. 
Moses  Stuart,  after  a  powerful  and  effec- 
tive ministry  of  four  years,  had  been  re- 
moved to  a  Professorship  in  the  new 
Theological  Seminary  at  Andover.  Un- 
der his  ministry,  which  both  in  style  and 
doctrine  was  sharply  contrasted  with  that 
of  his  predecessor.  Dr.  Dana,  there  had 
occurred  a  general  religions  refreshing 
and  awakening;  the  only  one  of  any  ex- 
tent or  power  which  had  been  expe- 
rienced in  the  town  for  half  a  century. 
"  A  revolution,"  says  Dr.  Bacon,  the 
present  pastor,  "  had  been  effected  in  the 
character  of  the  Church,  and  in  its  re- 
ligious habits  and  sympathies,  bringing  it 
over  to  the  side  of  what  was  then  called 
'  New  Divinitv.'     But  the  new  order  of 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


249 


things  had  hardly  been  consolidated. 
There  were  elements  in  the  Chart-h 
■which  might  easily  have  fermented  into 
discord,  and  which  required  special  gifts 
of  power  and  wisdom  in  a  pastor."  For 
two  years  they  had  heard  candidates, 
without  being  sufficiently  united  upon 
any  one  to  give  him  a  call  to  the  pastoral 
office.  In  these  circumstances,  Dr.  Tay- 
lor preached  to  the  congregation  for  a 
few  Sabbaths,  and  so  much  to  their  accep- 
tance that  he  received  a  strong,  but  not 
unanimous  invitation,  to  be  their  minister. 
But  the  young  preacher  thought  of  the 
difficulty  of  following  such  a  minister  as 
Moses  Stuart ;  he  thought  of  the  unsettled 
and  critical  state  of  opinion  and  feeling  in 
the  Church  and  congregation ;  he  thought 
of  his  long  i-esideuce,  and  his  many  free 
and  social  intimacies  in  New  Haven,  and 
of  the  proverb  that  a  prophet  is  not  with- 
out honor  except  in  his  own  country  ;  he 
thought  especially  of  himself  and  his  own 
qualifications,  with  great  diffidence  ;  and 
he  shrunk  from  the  responsibility,  and 
declined  the  invitation.  And  it  was  only 
in  deference  to  a  second  and  more  har- 
monious call,  and  especially  to  the  urgent 
and  almost  imperative  advice  of  Dr. 
Dwight,  that  he  consented  to  accept  the 
oflered  position.  Indeed,  he  told  Dr. 
Dwight  that  he  "  should  be  dismissed  in 
less  than  a  year."  But  his  sagacious  and 
kind  instructor,  who  was  con6dent  in  his 
knowledge,  both  of  the  Church  and  of  the 
man  whom  they  had  elected,  replied,  in 
his  positive  way,  "  I  know  what  you  are 
capable  of,  much  better  than  you  know 
yourself" 

His  ministry  to  that  Church  continued 
a  little  more  than  ten  years ;  from  April, 
1812,  to  December,  1822.  It  is  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  Bacon  in  the  discourse 
preached  over  his  bier,  in  the  sanctuary 
of  that  Church,  in  a  single  paragraph, 
which  we  will  quote.  "  His  ministry  here 
was  even  more  honored  than  that  of  bis 
predecessor.  Whatever  lack  of  unanimity 
there  may  have  been  in  regard  to  his  set- 
tlement, all  traces  of  it  were  soon  removed 
VOL.  II.  29* 


by  the  unquestionable  power  and  fidelity 
of  his  public  ministrations  and  the  suavity 
of  his  private  Intercourse  with  families  and 
individuals.  Those  solid  and  massive  dis- 
courses, full  of  linked  and  twisted  logic, 
yet  giving  out  at  every  point,  sharp 
flashes  of  electric  fire,  were  just  what  was 
needed  to  carry  on  the  work  which  his 
predecessor  had  begun.  In  the  third  year 
of  his  ministry,  he  began  to  see  a  great 
result  of  his  labors.  That  year,  1815,  was 
marked  in  the  history  of  this  Church,  and 
in  the  religious  history  of  the  city  and  the 
College,  as  a  year  of  awakening  and  of  the 
conversion  of  souls  to  Christ.  Another, 
and  more  signal  revival  of  God's  work, 
began  in  the  year  1820,  and  continued  till 
the  close  of  the  ensuing  year.  Some  of 
those  whose  heads  are  now  gray,  remem- 
ber with  the  deepest  sensibility,  that  Sab- 
bath, the  last  day  of  the  year  1820,  when 
more  than  seventy  persons,  old  and  young, 
and  of  every  condition  in  life,  filled  these 
aisles,  as  they  came  from  their  seats  to 
take  the  vows  of  God  upon  them,  and  to 
enter  into  covenant  with  the  Church. 
That  was  a  day  for  which  an  earnest  and 
willing  pastor  might  well  be  willing  to 
die.  How  many  of  that  company,  whom 
the  pastor  then  counted  with  joy,  as  the 
seals  of  his  ministry,  and  whom  he  then 
welcomed  to  the  communion  of  the  saints 
on  earth,  have  now  welcomed  him  to  the 
fellowship  of  the  glorified  in  heaven  !" 

Dr.  Taylor  dearly  loved  to  preach  the 
gospel ;  and  he  did  not  relinquish  preach- 
ing when  he  left  the  pastoral  office,  and 
assumed  the  office  of  a  Professor  of  Theol- 
ogy. He  often  preached  to  the  students 
in  College,  especially  in  times  of  unusual 
religious  Interest ;  and  he  was  always 
ready  in  his  room  to  receive  and 
direct  inquirers  in  the  way  of  life.  And 
hundreds  of  young  men,  afterwards  labor- 
ers in  the  Lord's  vineyard  all  over  this 
land  and  the  world,  have  blessed  God  for 
his  successful  guidance  of  their  awakened 
souls.  His  preaching  on  the  Sabbath  was 
almost  without  interruption  for  a  long 
course  of  years.     To  the  congregation  of 


250 


.  Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


which  he  had  been  pastor  he  continued  to 
preach,  at  the  invitation  of  their  commit- 
tee, till  he  began  to  think  that  he  was  pre- 
venting the   settlement  of  any  successor. 
When  the  Third  Church  in   New  Haven 
was  formed,  he   preached   for  them  the 
greater  part  of  the  time,  till  their  first 
pastor  was  ordained — nearly  four  years. 
For  nearly  a  year  he  preached  statedly 
to  the  North  Church  in  Hartford.   For  the 
Church,  which  is  now  the  College   Street 
Chui'ch,  in  New  Haven,  then  the  Free 
Church,  he  preached  for  a  considerable 
time  before  the  installation  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Ludlow.    The  pulpit  of  the  North  Church 
in  New  Haven  he  supplied  a  large  part  of 
the  time  during  the  interval  of  four  years 
and  a  half  between  the  pastorates  of  Rev^ 
Mr.  Merwin  and  Rev.  Mr.  Sawyer.  When 
the  Chapel  Street  Church  in  New  Haven 
was  organized,  he  preached  for  that.    And 
then,  whenever  there   was   any   unusual 
interest  in  religion,  till  his  physical  vigor 
began  to  be  impaired,  he  was  ready  to 
help,  and,  on  account  of  the  great  fitness 
and  power  of  his  preaching  for  such  times, 
he  was  frequently  called  on  to  help,  the 
pastors  of  the  city.     He  was  often  era- 
ployed   by  the  churches   in  neighboring 
towns,  to  supply  their  pulpits  when  they 
were  destitute  of  a  pastor.     Very  few  are 
the  churches  in  New  Haven  County  which 
he  has  not  served  in  this  way,  and  in  which 
there  have  not  been  seals  of  his  ministry. 
And  few  have  been  the  Sabbaths  during 
his  long  professorship,  until  the  few  years 
of  his  advanced  age  preceding  his  death, 
in  which  he  was  not  engaged  in  his  favor- 
ite employment  of  preaching  the  gospel. 
Indeed,  the  knowledge  of  Dr.  Taylor,  as  a 
preacher,  among  persons  now  living,  was 
chiefly  gained  by  hearing  him  after  he  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  professorship. 
At  this  point,  before  considering  that 
part  of  Dr.  Taylor's  life  in  which  he  was 
specially  employed  as  a  Teacher  of  The- 
ology, we  will  refer  to  his  characteristics 
in  that  part  of  his  ollicial  work  we  have 
now  passed  in  review — his  characteristics 
as  pastor  and  preacher. 


Rarely  has  a  pastor  been  so  beloved  by 
his  people  ;  as  was  well  attested  by  their 
treatment  of  him  during  the  ten  years  of 
his  ministry,  and  perhaps  still  more  by  the 
pertinacity  and  liberality  of  their  ail'ection 
for  him,  which  their  children,  and  even 
their  children's  children  imitated,  during 
the  thirty-six  years  after  he  left  them. 
The  reasons  for  this  are  plain.  He  was 
commended  to  their  judgment  and  their 
hearts  by  his  qualities,  both  as  a  minister 
and  a  man.  They  knew  that  he  loved 
their  souls,  and  sincerely  desired  their 
spiritual  welfare.  He  endeavored  to  be- 
come acquainted  with  them  individually, 
and  with  their  state  of  feeling  respecting 
religion.  He  assiduously  sought  opportu- 
nities to  confer  with  them  on  their  salva- 
tion. As  an  example  of  his  measures  for 
this  purpose,  he  at  one  time  induced  the 
young  lawyers  in  town  to  meet  together, 
and  allow  him  to  speak  to  tliem  on  the 
subject  of  personal  piety.  This  spirit,  his 
people  appreciated ;  and  they  admired 
the  gifts  and  graces,  the  wisdom,  love  and 
power  with  which  he  commended  "  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus "  to  their  hearts. 
And  all  his  intercourse  with  them  favored 
his  influence  upon  them.  For  with  them, 
as  with  all  men,  he  was  affable,  frank, 
courteous,  affectionate,  without  any  as- 
sumed dignity  or  artificial  manner,  free 
from  all  small  and  mean  traits,  liberal- 
minded,  open-hearted,  and  generous. 

To  his  impressiveness  and  power  as  a 
preacher,  his  superior  physical  qualities 
contributed  largely — a  lofty  and  symmet- 
rical forehead,  suggestive  of  profound  and 
original  thought,  a  beautiful,  melting,  and 
speaking  eye,  benignity  and  dignity  in  his 
whole  countenance,  and  a  strong,  deep, 
varied  and  sonorous  voice.  The  first  time 
the  writer  heard  him  preach  was  when  he 
delivered  his  famous  Concio  ad  clei-inn,  at 
the  commencement  in  1828,  famous  as  the 
beginning  of  a  great  theological  contro- 
versy ;  and,  though  I  was  a  mere  boy  of 
fourteen  rears,  incapable  of  appreciating 
the  Intel ''"ctual  merits  of  his  discourse, 
there  wcrt  some  things  which  I  could  ap- 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


251 


preciate  ;  and  the  impression  then  made 
upon  me  that  he  had  more  of  manly 
beauty  than  I  had  ever  before  seen,  and 
"was  the  prince  of  preachers,  is  vivid  to 
this  day. 

The  intellectual  qualities  of  his  preach- 
ing were  thorough  and  profound,  yet  lucid 
and  scriptural,  exposition  and  discussion 
of  weighty  themes — a  marshalling  of  com- 
prehensive forces  of  luminous  and  en- 
kindled logic,  to  bear,  with  compacted 
and  converging  unity  and  climacteric 
power,  on  the  one  question  in  hand  ;  a 
full  and  frank  meeting  of  difRculties ; 
bold,  defiant,  and  powerful  grappling  with 
objections  ;  fearless  reference,  in  defence 
of  scriptural  doctrine  and  precept,  to 
reason  and  common  sense ;  close  and 
pungent  applications  to  conscience,  and 
earnest  and  tender  appeals  to  the  heart. 
He  scorned  to  evade  the  difRculties  of 
religion,  and  applied  himself  to  their  solu- 
tion and  removal.  He  never  conceded 
the  ground  of  reason  to  the  infidel  or 
errorist,  but  ever  maintained,  with  triumph- 
ant confidence,  the  rationality  of  Chris- 
tianity, and  the  irrationality  of  infidelity 
and  irreligion. 

The  language  in  which  he  clothed  his 
thoughts  was  always  elevated,  yet  terse 
and  strong ;  and  his  imagination,  though 
not  exuberant,  was  vigorous  ;  and  some- 
times, when  his  mind  was  filled  and  fired 
with  divine  ideas,  it  was  truly  Miltonic. 

The  truths  which  constituted  the  staple 
of  his  preaching,  were  the  nature,  beauty, 
and  binding  force  of  truth  ;  the  excellent 
and  glorious  character,  and  consequent 
authority  of  God  ;  the  nature,  the  right- 
eousness and  glory  of  the  divine  law  and 
government ;  God's  all  comprehending 
and  beneficent  Providence ;  the  guilty 
and  lo8t  condition  of  men,  on  account  of 
their  unreasonable,  unnecessitated,  and 
therefore  inexcusable,  sin  ;  the  magnilying 
of  the  law,  and  the  provision  of  salvation 
by  the  atoning  sacrifice  of  the  Redeemer, 
God  manifest  in  the  flesh  ;  the  necessity 
of  the  Holy  Spirit's  influence  for  the 
conversion  and  sanctification  of  men,  and 


the  motives,  not  to  passivity,  but  to  action, 
involved  In  that  truth  ;  the  universality, 
freeness  and  sincerity  of  God's  offers  of 
salvation,  and  his  intense  desire  that  they 
should  be  accepted ;  man's  full  power 
and  consequent  obligation,  as  a  rational 
and  accountable  being,  to  obey  all  God's 
requirements,  and  of  course  to  accept  the 
offers  of  the  gospel  by  repentance  and 
faith  ;  God's  sovereignty  and  grace  in  the 
bestowment  of  his  Spirit;  the  terrors  of 
the  Lord  in  his  wrath  and  everlasting 
punishment ;  the  glories  and  joys  of  holi- 
ness and  heaven ;  and  the  infinite  pity 
and  persevering  love  of  Jesus  Christ. 

His  preaching  was  specially  designed 
and  peculiarly  fitted  to  convict  men  of 
sin,  and  lead  them  to  Christ — to  produce 
in  them  the  beginning  of  a  Christian  life. 
This  was  the  one  point  to  which  he  made 
a  large  part  of  his  preaching  tend.  A 
just  criticism  probably  would  say,  that  it 
was  disproportionately  devoted  to  this 
purpose — not  enough  to  the  edification, 
instruction  and  completion  of  the  Chris- 
tian character.  Yet  there  was  a  suflicient 
reason  for  this.  His  preaching,  in  this 
respect,  was  adapted  to  the  exigencies  of 
the  times.  His  ministry  was  In  the  early 
part  of  the  era  of  modern  revivals  of  re- 
ligion, when  the  way  of  conversion  to 
God,  or  repentance  toward  God  and 
faith  toward  Christ,  wa*  confused  and 
hedged  up  with  difficulties  and  obstacles 
in  the  public  mind,  in  the  form  of  invet- 
erate theological  and  philosophical  errors. 
He  therefore  turned  all  his  mental  powers 
upon  the  elucidation  of  this  great  subject, 
the  reconciliation  of  man  to  God,  through 
Christ,  by  repentance  and  faith.  And 
he  did  elucidate  it  clearly  and  powerfully. 
Upon  the  doctrines,  and  on  the  mental 
states  and  processes,  involved  therein,  he 
shed  great  light.  The  nature  of  turning 
from  sin  to  God,  by  repentance  and  faith, 
its  practicability  and  mode,  he  explained 
and  demonstrated  ;  and  the  motives  there- 
to he  presented  with  great  clearness  and 
overwhelming  power.  In  this  special 
object  of  his  ministry — the  conversion  of 


252 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


men — he  was  eminently  successful  among 
his  own  people,  and  wherever  he  preached 
during  his  long  dispensation  of  the  word. 
In  the  time  of  the  "  four  days'  meetings," 
and  "  protracted  meetings,"  and  indeed  in 
revivals  of  religion  at  every  period,  his 
labors  were  widely  sought.  The  impres- 
sive power  and  eifectiveness  of  his  ser- 
mons In  the  protracted  meetings  held  in 
New  Haven,  during  the  great  revivals  in 
1831  and  1832,  is  vividly  remembered  to 
this  day,  and  will  be  forever.  No  Instru- 
mentality, at  that  period,  was  more  blest 
with  success  than  his. 

Such  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  and 
person,  employed  in  the  use  of  such  truths, 
made  Dr.  Taylor  one  of  the  ablest  preach- 
ers of  his  time.  Indeed,  for  the  effective 
presentation  in  a  discourse  of  a  solid  body 
of  pertinent,  scriptural,  and  self-evincing 
truth, — for  continued  and  powerful  can- 
nonading, more  and  more  powerful  to  the 
end,  on  the  reason,  the  conscience,  the 
heart  and  the  will  of  those  unreconciled 
to  God,  he  had  no  equal  In  his  day,  among 
those  whom  the  writer  has  had  the  privi- 
lege to  hear. 

We  come  now  to  the  chief  part  of  Dr. 
Taylor's  official  life.  In  extent,  and  we 
may  add  in  importance, — that  in  which  he 
was  employed  as  a  Teacher  of  Theology. 

In  the  year  1822,  the  corporation  of 
Yale  College,  in  compliance  with  the 
avowed  and  cherished  purpose  of  the 
founders  of  that  institution,  that  one  of  Its 
chief  offices  should  be  to  prepare  young 
men  for  the  sacred  ministry,  established  a 
Department,  or  School  of  Theology.  And 
Dr.  Taylor,  ten  years  after  his  ordination, 
at  the  age  of  thirty-six,  was  chosen  to  the 
Dwight  Professorship  of  Didactic  Theol- 
ogy. This  professorship  had  been  en- 
dowed, chiefly  by  the  liberality  of  the 
late  Mr.  Timothy  Dwight,  of  New  Haven, 
the  olde.^t  son  of  President  Dwight ;  and 
it  was  endowed  by  him  that  it  might  be 
filled  by  his  admired  friend,  Dr.  Taylor, 
who  had  already  proved  himself,  both  by 
his  sermons,  and  by  his  published  defences 


of  Christian  truth  and  doctrine,  especially 
on  the  pages  of  the  monthly  Christian 
Spectator,  to  be  a  master  in  sacred  theol- 
ogy ;  and  whose  type  of  theological  doc- 
trine and  preaching  was  deemed  by  Mr. 
Dwight  and  many  others,  to  be  eminently 
fitted  and  needed  to  prepare  ministers, 
suited  to  the  times,  in  the  work  of  awaken- 
ing and  converting  souls.  Upon  that  em- 
ployment he  entered  with  great  enthusi- 
asm, and  In  it  he  took  great  delight.  And 
In  that  employment  he  always  won  the 
admiration  and  affection  of  his  students, 
and  inspired  them  with  enthusiasm  and 
pleasure  in  their  several  pursuits,  from  the 
first  class  which  hung  on  his  lips  In  that 
little  lecture-room  over  the  College  chapel, 
through  thirty-six  years,  down  to  the  last 
class,  which,  when  he  was  too  feeble  to 
leave  his  house,  gathered  In  his  parlor, 
to  hear  one  of  their  number  read  his  lec- 
ture, and  then  listen  to  his  exposition, 
never  more  earnest  and  inspiring.  Dur- 
ing that  period,  nearly  seven  hundred 
young  men  received  his  instructions,  who 
have  gone  to  all  parts  of  our  own  country 
and  of  the  great  missionary  field  of  the 
world.  A  chief  part,  therefore,  of  any 
just  estimate  of  his  character  and  useful- 
ness, must  consist  in  a  right  view  of  his 
character  and  work,  as  a  theologian  and 
theological  teacher. 

The  manner  and  degree  in  which  Dr. 
Taylor  regarded  truth,  should  be  first 
mentioned,  because  it  was  a  radical  char- 
acteristic, affecting  all  his  thinking,  and 
all  his  teaching,  whether  by  lecture  or 
pen,  by  sermon  or  conversation.  Truth, 
or  the  reality  of  things — this,  in  his  view, 
Is  fundamental.  Nothing  is  reliable  which 
does  not  ultimately  rest  on  this.  On  this 
alone,  directly  or  indirectly,  can  any 
teacher,  or  doctrine,  or  system  of  instruc- 
tion, stand  securely  or  respectabl}'.  Chris- 
tianity, and  Theism  Itself,  he  adopted,  be- 
cause they  are  evinced  to  be  true.  Every- 
thing entitled  to  human  belief,  or  to  be 
considered  as  known,  is  so  entitled  only 
because  it  stands  before  the  mind  as  true. 
He  admired  and  exulted  In  the  adaptation 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


253 


of  the  mind  to  truth.  He  regarded  truth 
as  the  instrument  employed,  by  divine 
wisdom  and  goodness,  for  the  purpose, 
and  perfectly  fitted  for  the  purpose,  of 
enlightening,  convincing  and  convicting 
the  understanding,  and  of  moving,  con- 
verting and  sanctifying  the  heart ;  though 
he  deeply  felt,  and  always  taught,  that 
owing  to  human  sinfulness,  perversity  and 
obstinacy,  it  never  has  this  effect,  unless 
attended  by  the  Spirit  of  God.  He  there- 
fore loved  the  truth  devotedly  and  enthu- 
siastically. He  had  entire  and  serene 
confidence  in  it.  He  believed  not  only 
that  it  can  be  relied  on  when  known,  but 
that  it  can  be  known,  and  that  the  human 
mind  was  made  on  purpose  to  know  it, 
and  appropriate  it,  and  rest  upon  it,  and 
use  it  for  human  welfare  and  for  God, 
whom  it  reveals,  and  for  his  glory.  He 
had  a  loyalty  to  it  that  was  even  chivalrous. 
He  had  enthusiastic  courage  to  avow  it 
and  defend  it,  against  whatever  opposers 
or  odds,  in  whatever  quarter.  He  was 
always  willing  and  eager  to  learn  it  and 
to  follow  it,  wherever  it  would  lead.  He 
frequently  quoted  to  his  pupils  the  saying, 
of  Dr.  Bellamy,  we  believe :  "  Do  not  be 
afraid  of  investigation  and  argument — 
there  is  no  poker  in  tJie  truth."  Yet  he 
was  not  vacillating,  and  uncertain  what 
to  think  or  believe,  but  stood  firmly  and 
confidently  in  positive  conclusions.  He 
looked  at  things  as  they  are,  and  at  vary- 
ing degrees  of  evidence  with  remarkable 
fairness  and  justice  ;  knowing  Avhere  he 
ought  to  know,  believing  where  he  ought 
to  believe,  and  doubting  where  he  ought 
to  doubt.  We  have  never  known  a  man 
who  more  thoroughly  believed  and  acted 
on  the  immortal  maxim.  Magna  eat  Veritas, 
et  prevalebit."  He  had  confidence  in 
the  power  of  all  truth,  but  especially  of 
the  truth  set  forth  in  God's  word.  He 
believed  in  his  inmost  soul  that  it  is  real 
truth,  and  such  truth  as  to  be  the  power 
of  God  unto  salvation.  He  never  allowed 
any  unfitness  in  Christianity  for  its  avowed 
purpose  of  converting  and  sanctifying  sin- 
ful souls ;  nor  did  he  permit  it  to  acknow- 


ledge any  weakness,  or  to  go  begging  in 
any  respect,  before  the  tribunal  of  truth 
and  reason  ;  but  he  always  challenged  for 
it  the  fullest  investigation  before  that  tri- 
bunal, confident  of  victory  in  proportion 
to  the  fullness  of  the  investigation. 

This  confidence  in  the  truth  and  in  the 
capability  of  men,  under  the  divine 
guidance  and  assistance,  to  know  it  and 
defend  it,  to  use  it  and  be  blessed  by  it, 
Dr.  Taylor  imparted  to  his  pupils.  He 
taught  them  to  be  thorough  and  inde- 
pendent thinkers — to  call  no  man  master, 
and  to  go  for  the  truth  themselves  to  its 
sources,  and  especially  "  to  the  law  and  to 
the  testimony."  He  liked,  indeed,  to  have 
his  students  agree  with  him.  And  if  he 
did  not  always  justly  estimate  the  intel- 
lectual merits  of  those  who  differed  from 
him,  as  it  must  be  acknowledged  that  he 
sometimes  did  not,  it  was  because  he  saw 
the  truth  so  clearly,  that  he  believed 
there  must  be  some  weakness  or  deficiency 
in  minds  which  did  not  see  and  acknow- 
ledge it,  when  it  was,  as  he  thought  it 
was,  clearly  put  before  them.  The  effect 
of  his  instruction,  and  especially  of  his 
example,  was  what  he  designed,  to  make 
his  students  independent  thinkers  ;  though 
there  was  sometimes  a  perversion  of  it, 
which  he  often  endeavored  to  guard 
against,  seen  in  some  of  his  students, 
especially  in  their  earlier  ministrations,  in 
the  form  of  inordinate  self-confidence  and 
a  too  liberal  disregard  of  seniors  and  supe- 
riors, and  good  authorities.  His  method 
of  instruction  was  in  accordance  with  his 
love  of  truth  and  his  confidence  in  free 
investigation — a  method  of  the  utmost 
freedom  and  frankness.  He  never  dodged 
difficulties,  or  evaded  objections,  or  frown- 
ed upon  the  course,  or  questioned  the 
intellectual  or  religious  soundness,  of  those 
who  proposed  them,  but  earnestly  invited 
their  full  and  free  presentation,  and  always 
met  them  kindly  and  fully.  His  mode 
was,  after  finishing  his  lecture  of  an  hour, 
to  invite  questions,  saying,  "  Now  I'll 
hear  you."  And  often,  for  an  hour,  and 
two  hours,  and  in  some  instances  even 


254 


Bev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


three  hours,  has  he  been  seen  patiently 
and  earnestly  discussing  the  objections 
and  difBculties  of  those  who  did  not  see 
their  way  clear  to  his  conclusions,  or  clear 
in  any  other  respect. 

The  central  and  controlling  feature  of 
Dr.  Taylor's  theological  system,  may  be 
thus  described.  He  so  represented  the 
divine  and  the  human  side  of  religion  as 
to  make  them  harmonize — as  to  render 
theology  consistent  with  itself  and  with  all 
known  truth.  While  he  freely  admitted 
that  in  so  profound  and  comprehensive  a 
subject  as  theology,  the  science  of  God 
and  his  government,  there  are  mysteries, 
or  things  above  and  beyond  our  under- 
standing, he  abhorred  and  scouted  the 
idea  that  there  are  in  theology  contradic- 
tions and  absurdities — things  which  we 
see  and  know  to  be  contradictory  or 
absurd.  Though  he  maintained  firmly 
the  doctrines,  of  human  depravity  or  sin- 
fulness, and  that  by  nature ;  of  God's 
foreknowledge  and  foreordination  of  all 
events ;  of  his  electing  grace ;  of  the  sove- 
reignty of  his  Spirit ;  and  of  the  perse- 
verance of  his  saints ;  he  so  presented  them 
that  they  did  not  contradict  the  equally 
true  and  scriptural  doctrines  of  human 
freedom  and  just  accountability.  That 
doctrine  of  human  freedom  or  free  agency, 
■which  he  justly  defined,  not  merely  and 
only  as  liberty  to  do  as  we  will,  but  also 
as  liberty  to  will — power  at  all  times  to 
will  either  way — he  illustrated  and  for- 
tified and  defended,  and  carried  through 
all  parts  of  his  system  of  morals  and 
theology.  The  result  was  the  removal  of 
many  difficulties  in  theological  science, 
and  greater  freedom  and  power  in  mani- 
festing the  truth  to  the  understanding  and 
to  the  consciences  and  hearts  of  men. 
This  feature  of  his  theological  system  was 
regarded  at  one  time  with  alarm,  very 
much  through  misunderstanding,  and  he 
was  called  Arminian  and  Scmi-Arminian. 
But  time  has  fully  proved  that  his  mode 
was  altogether  best  for  the  refutation  of 
Arminiauism  ;  while  it  has  done  much  to 
disarm    some    amonji    the    Arminians — 


among  the  Methodists,  for  example — and 
to  bring  them  to  a  substantial  reception 
of  many  of  the  doctrines  which  they  had 
rejected ;  and  thus  it  has  helped  on  the 
harmony,  which,  as  we  hope,  may  at  some 
time  be  complete,  between  the  different 
parts  of  the  one  flock  of  Christ. 

Dr.  Taylor  began  his  course  with  lec- 
tures on  the  Human  Mind,  and  devoted 
to  this  subject  a  larger  part  of  his  instruc- 
tion than  did  any  other  theological  teacher 
of  whom  we  have  any  knowledge.  This 
he  did,  because  he  considered  truth  as  the 
foundation  of  theology,  as  of  every  other 
science,  and  believed  that,  to  use  his  own 
language,  "  to  man,  the  only  ultimate 
source  of  knowledge  and  ultimate  empire 
of  truth,  is  the  knowing  mind ;  "  because 
he  knew  that  all  religion,  objectively  con- 
sidered, all  evidences  of  the  existence, 
character  and  government  of  God,  and  of 
his  revelation  of  doctrine  and  duty,  must 
be  ultimately  tested  by  those  ideas  and 
convictions  of  truth,  right,  obligation  and 
goodness,  which  are  given  by  the  human 
mind ;  and  also  because  he  saw  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  differences  and  contro- 
versies in  theology  are  produced  chiefly 
by  differences  and  errors  as  to  the  philo- 
sophy of  the  mind,  and  can  be  removed 
only  as  they  are  removed  by  the  truth  on 
that  subject.  To  this  fundamental  theme 
he  applied  his  powers  most  earnestly ; 
and  his  teaching  respecting  it  evinced 
masterly  ability.  Here,  v/e  think,  was  his 
forte,  especially  in  his  instructions  respect- 
ing that  department  of  the  mind  which  is 
most  concerned  in  whatever  has  moral 
quality,  in  right  and  wrong,  sin  and  holi- 
ness, viz.,  the  will.  His  chief  position  on 
this  great  subject  was  that  the  mind  has 
the  power  to  prefer  and  elect,  or  to  refuse 
any  one  of  two  or  more  objects  of  choice, 
i.e.,  objects  offering  good  to  its  perception 
and  sensibility — a  power,  able  at  the  time 
of  choosing  any  one  of  them,  to  have  taken 
any  other  instead  of  that,  and  in  the  same 
circumstances ;  and  this,  whether  it  of- 
fered the  greater,  or  the  less,  real  or 
apparent  good.    In  other  Avords,  whatever 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


255 


choice  the  miud  makes,  whether  between 
two  or  more  objects,  or  between  taking  or 
refusing  one  object,  the  power  by  which 
that  choice  was  made,  is  a  power  that 
could  have  made,  at  the  same  time,  in  the 
same  circumstances,  and  under  the  same 
influences,  the  opposite  choice.  We  are 
not  endeavoring  to  give  Dr.  Taylor's 
exact  words,  but  are  stating  the  position 
in  our  own  language.  There  were  vari- 
ous forms  in  which  freedom  of  choice  was, 
and  is  denied  ;  some  placing  the  inability 
(for  example,  of  the  sinful  soul  to  choose 
right,  for  instance,  to  choose  God  as  its 
portion,  and  his  will  as  law)  in  the  intel- 
lect disabled  in  its  perceptions,  or  in  the 
sensibility  disabled  in  its  capacity  of  feel- 
ing, or  in  the  will,  unable  to  prefer  and 
take  by  its  elective  love.  But  Dr.  Taylor 
taught  that  the  mind,  however  affected 
by  sin  in  intellect,  sensibility  or  will,  is 
yet  a  free  agent,  capable,  by  intellect,  to 
perceive  and  understand  the  objects  and 
motives  of  choice,  capable  by  sensibility 
to  feel  their  influence,  and  capable  by 
will  to  choose  or  refuse  any  one  of  them  ; 
and  that  the  power  of  will,  by  which  it 
makes  a  given  choice,  is  a  power  that 
could,  in  the  time  and  circumstances,  have 
chosen  differently  and  oppositely.  Of 
these  various  forms  of  disabled  power  of 
choice,  at  the  time  when  Dr.  Taylor 
began  his  theological  instruction,  some 
held  one,  and  some  another,  and  some  all, 
but  the  more  common  form,  especially  in 
New  England,  was  that  taught  in  the  cel- 
ebrated treatise  of  President  Edwards, 
and  called  "  moral  inability  " — an  ina- 
bility consisting  in  the  state  of  the  will 
itself,  the  disposition — a  form,  that  pro- 
fessed fi'eedom,  and  distinguished  between 
itself  and  natural  inability,  which  It  op- 
posed, a  form  that  professed  freedom  but 
did  not  possess  It.  This  was  the  form ; 
"  You  can  if  you  will."  But  when  its  advo- 
cates were  asked,  can  I  remove  that  "  if^" 
can  I  "  will  "  differently  V  they  either  de- 
nied or  were  dumb.  They  said,  for  exam- 
ple, to  the  sinful  man,  under  the  call  of  God 
to  repentance,  that  his  inability  to  repent, 


which,  they  asserted,  was  a  moral  inability, 
consisting  in  his  wrong  voluntary  disposi- 
tion ;  for  which,  because  it  was  voluntary, 
(as  they  said)  he  was  responsible  and  guil- 
ty. "  The  reason  why  you  cannot  repent," 
they  said,  "  is  because  you  have  not  the 
disposition."  But  to  the  question,  can  I 
get  the  disposition  ?  they  either  answered 
In  the  negative,  or  indulged  In  some  such 
evasion  as  to  ask.  Who  ever  was  excused 
from  crime  because  disposed  to  commit  it, 
or  for  a  course  of  sin  because  disposed  to 
continue  It  V  Would  not  his  guilt  be  con- 
sidered all  the  greater  because  of  his 
wicked  disposition  ?  thus  taking  advantage 
of  the  idea,  founded  In  the  common  sense 
of  men,  but  denied  In  their  philosophy,  of 
freedom  of  choice  as  a  ground  of  responsi- 
bility. And  this  Imposition,  this  sacred 
sham,  was  enacted  In  hundreds  of  pul- 
pits almost  every  Sabbath.  That  doctrine 
of  free  agency  was  an  utter  deceit,  hold- 
ing freedom  In  a  form  of  words,  but  de- 
nying it  in  reality.  Their  professed  free 
will  was  fatally  bound  by  Its  own  state  or 
disposition.  It  was  in  vain  to  say,  for  the 
purpose  of  imposing  responsibility,  you 
have  all  the  natural  faculties  for  a  capacity 
of  choice.  For  of  what  service  are  facul- 
ties which  cannot  be  used,  and  which 
make  up  that  kind  of  capacity  of  choice 
which  is  utterly  Incapable  ? 

To  all  this  Dr.  Taylor  opposed  the 
statement  of  the  true  doctrine  of  free  will 
— of  the  will  as  a  power  able  to  control 
its  own  states,  not  enslaved  by  them — a 
power  adequate  at  all  times  and  circum- 
stances to  choose  in  either  direction  ;  and 
when  choosing  in  one  direction,  attended 
by  the  consciousness  that  It  might  have 
chosen  in  the  other.  To  the  declaration, 
"  you  can  If  you  will,"  he  replied,  "  You 
can  if  you  will,  and  you  can  if  you  wont." 
He  declared  the  sovereignty  of  the  will 
over  Its  own  acts  and  states.  He  dis- 
tinguished between  the  power  and  Its- ex- 
ercise, and  Insisted  that  the  power  caused 
and  controlled  Its  own  exercises  and  con- 
ditions, instead  of  being  In  bondage  to 
them.     This  doctrine  he  maintained  in  an 


256 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July. 


extended  discussion  of  the  wbole  subject 
of  liberty  and  necessity,  with  all  necessary 
distinctions  and  discriminations,  with  man- 
ifold illustrations  and  conclusive  proofs, 
and  all  with  unequalled  ability.  His  lec- 
tures on  that  subject  have  not  yet  been 
published  ;  but  if  they  are  in  a  state  suita- 
ble for  publication,  we  are  confident  that, 
when  published,  they  will  be  considered 
by  competent  judges  the  most  complete, 
able  and  satisfactory  treatise  on  that  most 
important  subject,  ever  written. 

In  his  lectures  on  this  subject,  Dr.  Tay- 
lor used  to  comment  copiously  on  Presi- 
dent Edwards's  treatise  on  the  Will.  In 
the  earlier  and  middle  part  of  his  life  as 
Professor,  he  used  to  claim  that  Edwards 
taught  the  true  doctrine  of  the  will,  but 
with  many  contradictions,  inconsistencies 
and  errors ;  and,  as  seven-eighths  of  his 
comments  were  directed  to  the  exposure 
and  refutation  of  these,  his  students  often 
thought  that  the  treatise  contains  more 
error  than  truth.  And  some  of  them  were 
early  convinced  that  the  whole  doctrine 
of  the  book  is  erroneous ;  that  it  is  a 
thorough  and  consistent  system  of  natural 
necessity,  or  fatalism.  They  saw  that, 
according  to  Edwards's  theory,  the  will 
has  no  other  freedom  than  the  water- 
wheel  has  when  the  water  pours  upon  it. 
If  the  water  is  turned  on  one  side,  it  goes, 
and  must  go,  that  way ;  if  on  the  other 
side,  then  the  other  way  ;  and  if  on  both 
sides,  then  one  way  or  the  other,  accord- 
ing to  the  greater  weight  of  water.  What 
the  water  is  to  the  wheel,  that,  in  Ed- 
wards's book,  motives  are  to  the  will. 
According  to  his  teaching,  the  will  is,  and 
must  be,  according  to  the  most  constrain- 
ing motive,  the  greatest  apparent  good. 
It  has  no  power  to  choose  otherwise.  It 
is  completely  under  the  bondage  of  mo- 
tives, and  cannot  choose  against  the  greater 
weight  of  them.  Indeed,  his  very  defini- 
tion of  liberty  is  not  at  all  liberty  of  will, 
but  only  of  doing  as  we  will ;  and  he  pro- 
tests, over  and  over,  that  no  higher  idea 
of  liberty  is  conceivable.  Strange  that 
he  could  not  even  conceive  of  the  liberty 


of  willing  in  either  direction,  as  well 
as  of  merely  doing  according  to  the  de- 
cisions of  will !  Strange  that  he  could 
not  even  conceive  of  a  will  sovereign  over 
its  OM'n  acts  and  states !  In  the  latter 
part  of  Dr.  Taylor's  life,  as  we  under- 
stand, he  changed  his  judgment  respect- 
ing Edwards,  and  conceded  that  he  does 
not  anywhere  teach  the  true  idea  of  liber- 
ty of  will.^ 

Dr.  Ta}  lor  attached  great  importance 
to  the  truths  of  natural  religion,  and  made 
liberal  use  of  them  to  vindicate  and  cor- 
roborate the  system  of  revealed  religion. 
He  had  no  sympathy  with  those  who  sup- 
pose that  they  can  exalt  the  wisdom  and 
goodness  of  God  in  the  gift  of  his  Word, 
by  denying  that  he  has  revealed  anything 
respecting  himself — his  character,  law  and 
government,  and  respecting  the  path  of 
human  duty  and  welfare — i?i  nature — in 
the  material  and  animal  creation,  in  his 
providence,  and  especially  in  the  mind 
of  man.  One  who  should  say,  as  we  once 
heard  a  Doctor  of  Divinity,  an  author  of 
books,  a  preacher  of  earnest  eloquence, 
and  of  considerable  reputation  in  cer- 
tain quarters  as  a  theologian,  say  in  a 
sermon,  the  object  of  which  was  to  exalt 
the  Bible,  that  without  the  Bible  men  can 
know  very  little  of  religious  truth  ;  that 
they  can  not  learn  Irom  the  light  of  na- 
ture whether  there  is  one  God,  or  whether 
there  aie  forty, — such  a  man.  Dr.  Taylor 
regarded  as  a  most  Aveak  and  infatuated 

1  The  embarrassment  of  those  who  hold  to  real 
freedom  of  the  will,  and  also  believe  that  Edwards 
teaches  it,  was  once  pleasantly  illustrated  by  Dr. 
Lyman  Beecher.  Soon  after  Prof.  Tappan  published 
his  book,  reviewing  Edwards  on  the  Will,  and  en- 
deavoring to  prove  him  a  fatalist,  about  1840,  we  be- 
lieve, Ur.  Beecher  came  from  the  West,  very  zealous 
to  vindicate  Edwards,  and  delivered  an  address,  at 
the  commencements  of  several  New  England  Colleges, 
for  that  purpose.  At  that  time,  in  a  conversation 
with  him  on  that  subject,  the  writer  said,  "  Doctor, 
suppose  you  should  put  Edwards  on  the  Will  into 
the  hands  of  ten  young  men,  and  let  them  read  it, 
without  any  one  to  bias  their  interpretation, — how 
many  of  them  would  understand  him  to  teach  the 
doctrine  of  natural  necessity  or  fatalism?"'  "  jYme 
out  often,'''  said  he.  "  Well,"  was  the  reply,  "  what 
is  a  book  good  for,  as  a  teacher,  which  leads  nine  out 
of  ten  into  error,  and  such  an  error  as  /utalism  ?" 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


257 


defender  of  Christianity.  His  view  of 
this  subject  led  him  to  devote  an  unusual 
amount  of  time  in  his  course  of  intruction, 
to  the  truths  of  natural  theology,  and  of 
ethics  and  moral  law  and  government,  as 
they  are  declared  in  the  constitution  and 
ordinances  of  nature,  and  especially  in 
the  reason,  the  conscience,  the  whole 
mind  of  man.  And  this  was  one  of  the 
most  useful  parts  of  his  course.  Moral 
Government,  particularly,  he  had  reduced 
to  a  science  ;  and  its  great  principles  he 
illustrated  most  effectively  and  usefully, 
in  their  bearings  on  the  defence  and  sup- 
port of  Christianity.  He  had  a  very  high 
estimate  of  Butler's  Analogy,  and  was 
very  familiar  with  its  principles  and  argu- 
ments. But  he  went  far  beyond  Butler 
in  the  extent,  comprehensiveness,  and 
completeness  with  ivhich  he  treated  the 
subject. 

Dr.  Taylor's  earnest  interest  in  the  sub- 
ject of  free-will  was,  in  a  large  measure^ 
because  he  saw  that  the  truth  on  that 
subject  was  necessary  for  his  great  pur- 
pose in  teaching  :  which  was  to  make  his 
students  able  so  to  preach  as  to  lead  men 
to  repentance,  faith  and  salvation.  His 
theological  instructions  were,  to  an  unu- 
sual extent,  clustered  about  the  doctrine  of 
regeneration — its  nature,  necessity,  mode 
■  and  means.  When  he  entered  on  his 
professorship,  he  came  from  preaching  in 
revivals  of  religion,  in  which  a  large  part 
of  his  work  had  been  to  remove  obstacles 
of  a  doctrinal  and  speculative  kind  from 
the  path  of  repentance — obstacles  far 
more  prevalent  then  than  now.  On  the 
one  hand,  was  the  plea  of  inability  to 
repent  and  come  to  Christ,  thoroughly 
believed,  and  deeply  inwrought  into  the 
public  mind  by  the  doctrinal  preaching  of 
many  generations — with  some  a  natural 
inability  or  want  of  natural  power,  with 
others  a  misnamed  moral  inability,  which 
differed  from  the  other  chiefly  in  name, 
an  inability  to  use  aright  the  natural  pow- 
ers of  the  will;  in  either  case  a  total 
incompetency  to  accept  the  offers  of  the 
gospel ;  under  the  influence  of  a  belief  in 

VOL.  II.  30 


which  men  felt  that  they  had  nothing  to 
do  but  to  wait  for  God  to  make  them 
Christians,  or,  as  the  phrase  of  the  day 
was,  "  to  wait  God's  time."  Then  there 
was  the  objection  that  God  had  wholly 
decided  the  case  for  each  one  by  an  irre- 
sistible decree,  irresistibly  executed,  of 
election  or  reprobation ;  and  the  only 
reasonable  course  was  to  wait  for  its  exe- 
cution, in  the  use  of  such  means  of  grace 
as  reading  the  Bible,  prayer  and  atten- 
dance on  the  sanctuary.  Men  have  a 
very  inadequate  estimate  in  these  days  of 
the  prevalence  and  strength  of  these  ob- 
stacles as  long  ago  as  the  earlier  part  of 
this  century.  The  writer  has  often  heard 
his  father  say,  that  in  childhood  he  was 
educated  by  preaching,  and  other  forms 
of  religious  instruction,  into  the  full  con- 
viction that  he  could  do  nothing  effect- 
ually to  become  a  Christian,  and  earnestly 
desiring  to  become  a  Christian,  and  hav- 
ing received  the  impression  that  in  the 
millenium  all  could  become  Christians 
who  desired  so  to  do,  he  used  anxiously  to 
reckon  whether  the  millenium  would 
come  in  his  life-time ;  and  from  the  best 
calculations  he  could  make,  he  came  to 
the  conclusion,  that  if  he  should  live  to 
the  age  of  seventy  years,  he  would  witness 
the  beginning  of  the  millenium,  when  he 
could  accept  the  offers  of  the  gospel  and 
be  saved !  On  the  other  hand,  was  the 
doctrine  that  it  was  sinful  to  use  the 
means  of  grace,  and  that  all  the  acts  of 
the  unregenerate  man  are  sinful — that  all 
his  trying  to  repent,  by  prayer  and  other- 
wise, is  only  an  abomination  to  God. 
These  objections  and  obstacles  Dr.  Taylor 
had  cleared  away  in  his  own  ministry ; 
and  he  felt  the  importance  of  enabling  his 
students  to  clear  them  away,  and  to  teach 
and  prove  that  the  path  is  open,  and  there 
is  full  power,  to  come  at  once  to  Christ  by 
repentance  and  faith ;  that  what  God 
commands  man  to  do,  man  can  do  ;  and 
that  the  Holy  Spirit  is  graciously  be- 
stowed, not  to  give  him  power  to  do  it,  for 
that  he  has  as  a  rational  and  accountable 
being,  but  to  overcome  his  unwillingness 


258 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


and  disinclination  to  do  it — an  unwilling- 
ness and  disinclination  not  beyond  the 
man's  own  power,  but  which  he  can 
change.  And  this  cherished  purpose  Dr. 
Taylor  accomplished.  His  students  did 
learn  how  to  show  the  open  and  practica- 
ble way  to  come  to  Christ,  and  to  press 
men  to  immediate  repentance  ;  and  they 
were  very  successful,  especially  his  earlier 
students,  in  converting  souls  to  God.  No 
doubt  his  influence,  by  his  preaching,  his 
publications,  and  through  those  whom  he 
taught,  has  been,  in  large  part,  the  cause 
of  the  changed  condition  of  the  public 
mind  respecting  the  practicability  of  com- 
ing at  once  to  Christ  by  repentance  and 
faith. 

Dr.  Taylor  excelled  greatly  in  the  ana- 
lytic way  of  teaching.  Here,  the  advan- 
tage of  his  comprehensive  and  accurate 
acquaintance  with  the  human  mind  was 
plainly  seen.  He  had  a  profound,  wide 
and  discriminating  knowledge  of  mental 
states  and  operations,  particularly  with 
reference  to  morals  and  religion.  Hence 
he  was  able  accurately  to  analyze  the  acts 
and  conditions  of  the  mind  in  reference  to 
religion — to  take  a  mental  act  or  state  to 
pieces,  so  to  speak,  and  show  its  parts  and 
processes  and  whole  nature,  and  how  to 
do  it,  or  to  undo  it.  For  example,  re- 
pentance or  conversion  to  God, — he  would 
show  what  it  is,  and  would  so  unfold  its 
constituent  parts  and  processes  that  an 
inquirer  would  know  what  was  to  be  done 
by  him  in  becoming  a  Christian,  and  how 
to  do  it.  He  did  not  stop  with  the  direc- 
tion, "  Repent  and  believe," — which  was  to 
most  persons  a  blind  direction — but  he 
would  show  them  what  it  is  to  repent  and 
believe,  and  the  way  to  do  it ;  how  to  take 
the  first  step  and  the  second  step,  till,  by 
God's  help.  It  was  done.  How  well  the 
writer  remembers  the  time  when  he  went 
to  him  with  the  question,  "  What  must  I 
do  to  be  saved  ?"  I  had  talked  with  oth- 
ers. They  had  moved  my  feelings,  and 
increased  my  conviction  and  earnestness ; 
and  thus  were  of  service.  But  they  did 
not  tell  me  what  to  do,  so  that  I  could 


understand  it,  and  the  way  of  it.  They 
had  told  me  to  repent  and  believe.  But 
they  might  as  well  have  told  me  to  go  to 
some  unknown  place  by  some  unknown 
way  ;  for  I  did  not  know  what  it  was  to 
repent  and  believe,  or  how  to  do  It.  He 
saw,  in  a  moment,  my  difficulty.  With 
his  beautiful  eye  beaming  benignantly 
upon  me,  in  his  kind,  calm  and  earnest 
way,  he  told  me  just  what  it  is  to  become 
a  Christian.  He  showed  me  the  way  to 
Christ  by  repentance  and  faith,  step  by 
step,  so  that  it  was  plain  ;  and  I  felt  that  I 
could  go  right  to  my  room  and  fall  on  my 
knees,  and,  by  God's  help,  do  it.  We 
have  never  seen  the  man  who  had  any- 
thing like  his  skill  in  dealing  with  in- 
quirers for  the  way  of  life.  And  it  con- 
sisted chiefly  In  his  knowledge  of  the 
states  and  operations  of  the  mind,  and  in 
his  analytic  mode  of  presenting  it.  By 
his  preaching  and  writing,  and  especially 
through  the  preachers  and  scholars  whom 
he  has  instructed,  he  has,  with  others  like 
him,  been  instrumental  In  making  the 
way  to  Christ  and  salvation  far  more 
plain  and  practicable  than  it  used  to  be. 
It  has  not  been  made  more  easy,  in  the 
sense  of  dimluishing,  in  the  least,  convic- 
tion of  sin,  or  of  the  strength  and  stub- 
bornness of  the  human  heart  in  its  wicked- 
ness and  aversion  to  God  ;  but  more  easy 
in  the  sense  of  being  more  plain — in  other 
words,  by  answering  more  fully  and  par- 
ticularly and  practically  the  great  inquiry, 
"  What  must  I  do  to  be  saved  ?" 

There  is  one  feature  of  Dr.  Taylor's 
system  of  theology  which  is  peculiar,  and, 
in  our  judgment,  peculiarly  important — a 
very  valuable  step  of  progress  in  theologi- 
cal science — his  solution  of  the  difficult 
problem  of  the  existence  of  sin  under  the 
divine  government,  and  his  mode  of  vindi- 
cating the  divine  character  in  respect  to 
its  existence.  The  view  of  this  problem 
which  regards  it  as  incapable  of  any  solu- 
tion— that  commended  by  Prof.  Hodge,  of 
Princeton,  in  his  controversy  with  Prof. 
Park,  of  Andover — the  view  which  abdi- 
cates all  attempts  to  defend  the  divine 


I860.] 


Rev.  Natlmniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


259 


administration  in  this  matter,  and  puts  the 
whole  subject  into  the  category  of  "  pro- 
found and  awful  mystery  ;"  declaring  that 
it  does  "  not  admit  of  philosophical  expla- 
nation," and  that  "  God's  dealings  with 
our  race  cannot  be  all  explained  on  the 
common  sense  principles  of  moral  govern- 
ment;"— that  view,  Dr.  Taylor,  in  common 
with  other  New  England  theologians,  and 
indeed  with  the  abler  theologians  of  all 
ages  and  lands,  could  not  accept.  They 
were  unwilling  thus  either  to  stand  dumb 
before  the  arguments  of  infidelity  and 
atheism  against  the  divine  government, 
and  even  the  divine  existence,  or  to  hide 
from  them  under  the  cloud  of  mystery. 
They  believed  in  "  vindicating  the  ways 
of  God  to  men."  The  most  common  solu- 
tion of  this  difficult  question  among  the 
New  England  theologians,  and  all  theo- 
logians who  had  attempted  its  solution, 
was  that  God  chose  and  ordained  the 
existence  of  sin,  when  he  might  have  pre- 
vented it,  in  a  moral  universe,  because  it 
is  the  necessary  means  of  the  greatest 
good ;  because  he  could  secure  more  good 
with  sin  than  he  could  without  it.  This 
solution  Dr.  Taylor  rejected  with  all  his 
heart,  as  dishonorable  to  God's  truth  and 
sincerity  in  the  prohibition  of  sin,  as  con- 
trary to  his  revealed  law,  and  to  all  rea- 
sonable views,  of  government,  of  the  nature 
and  tendencies  of  sin,  and  of  holiness,  and 
of  known  facts.  He  insisted  that  God,  so 
far  from  regarding  sin  as  that  without 
which  the  highest  good  could  not  be  done, 
regards  it  as  good  for  nothing,  anywhere ; 
as  evil,  and  only  evil,  everywhere,  in  all 
its  tendencies  and  relations ;  and  there- 
fore he  does  not  wish  it,  ever,  or  any- 
where ;  but  hates  it,  and  forbids  it,  every- 
where, and  laments  it  wherever  it  occurs. 
He  demonstrated  that  such  a  view  sancti- 
fies sin,  making  it  "  an  evil,"  as  one  of  his 
opponents  admitted,  '•  only  to  our  limited 
faculties ;"  and  not  even  that,  for  we, 
with  our  limited  faculties,  can  see  that 
that  which  is  the  means  of  good,  and  the 
necessary  means  of  the  greatest  good,  and 
better  wherever  it  occurs,  as  ■  a  means  of 


good,  than  holiness  would  be,  in  its  place, 
is  a  good  thing  ;  nay,  the  very  best  thing 
in  its  place,  i.  e.  wherever  it  occurs.  His 
solution  of  the  difficulty  is,  that  sin  comes 
in  as  an  unavoidable  result,  so  far  as 
divine  prevention  is  concerned,  of  such 
materials  as  God  uses,  and  must  use,  in  a 
moral  universe — to  wit,  free  agents  ;  that 
notwithstanding  all  that  he  can  do,  short 
of  breaking  down  the  freedom  he  has 
given,  and  thus  contradicting  himself,  and 
degrading  his  system  below  the  dignity 
and  excellence  of  a  moral  system,  sin  will 
come  in  somewhere  in  the  moral  realms — 
some  of  his  moral  creatures,  in  the  exer- 
cise of  their  freedom,  will  sin.  This  view 
gave  him,  as  it  gives  all  preachers  of  God's 
word  who  adopt  it,  freedom  and  consis- 
tency in  representing  sin  as,  everywhere 
and  in  all  its  relations,  the  abominable 
thing  which  God  hates,  and  never  desires, 
or  is  willing  to  have  ;  a  freedom  and  con- 
sistency which  they  surely  cannot  exer- 
cise who  adopt  the  solution  which  he 
rejected. 

We  have  no  space  to  follow  out  the 
extended  and  elaborate  course  of  argu- 
ment, by  which  Dr.  Taylor  demonstrated 
the  truth  of  this  position,  and  defended 
it  triumphantly  against  objections.  One 
very  obvious  objection  was,  that  it  limited 
the  divine  omnipotence.  To  this  he  re- 
plied that  it  was  no  more  a  limitation  of 
God's  omnipotence  to  say  that  he  could 
not  have  a  universe  of  free  moral  agents 
without  having  some  of  them  exercise 
their  freedom  by  sinning,  than  to  say,  as 
his  opponents  virtually  did,  that  God 
could  not  secure  the  greatest  good  without 
having  sin  as  the  means  of  securing  it. 
Moreover,  he  insisted  that  the  objection 
ignores  the  essential  nature  of  the  case ; 
mere  power,  even  omnipotence,  having  no 
proper  relation  to  the  securing  of  moral 
action,  and  the  control  of  beings  endowed 
with  reason,  conscience  and  free  choice  ; 
and  only  resistible  influences  being  appli- 
cable to  those,  who,  from  their  very  nature, 
must  always  be  able  and  free  to  choose 
either  way. 


260 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


The  objection  was  made  that  his  theory 
limits  the  universality  of  God's  decrees, 
or  purposes,  inasmuch  as  it  does  not  ad- 
mit that  God  decrees  sin.  The  truth  of 
this  objection  he  strenuously  denied,  and 
taught  that  God  "  foreordains  whatsoever 
comes  to  pass,"  sin  not  excepted ;  but 
decrees  sin  as  necessarily  incidental,  so 
far  as  divine  prevention  is  concerned,  to 
a  system  of  free  moral  agents, — never  pre- 
ferring sin  to  holiness  in  its  stead,  but 
preferring  a  moral  system,  though  having 
sin  in  it,  to  the  non-existence  of  a  moral 
system.  He  admitted  and  taught  that  sin 
is  among  the  all  things  which  are  accord- 
ing to  the  counsel  of  God's  will,  yet  only 
in  an  indirect  and  remote  sense.  He 
insisted  that  there  is  a  plainer  and  more 
direct  sense  in  which  all  sin  is  contrary  to 
God's  will.  For  it  is  contrary  to  his  law, 
which  is  his  will,  expressly,  formally,  and 
authoritatively  declared.  Moreover,  he 
not  only  forbids  it,  but  hates  it — threatens 
those  who  commit  it  with  his  punishment, 
beseeches  them  not  to  commit  it,  and  be- 
wails it  when  it  occurs.  The  consistency 
between  these  two  positions  he  often  illus- 
trated in  various  ways.  The  following  is 
given,  not  as  his,  so  far  as  we  remember, 
but  as  justified  by  his.  A  father  sends 
his  son  to  receive  training  for  mercantile 
life  in  a  store  in  the  city,  or  for  profes- 
sional life  in  a  College.  He  knows  that 
he  will  encounter  temptations,  and  will 
probably,  in  some  instances,  commit  seri- 
ous faults.  Yet  he  decides  to  send  him, 
as  the  best  thing,  on  the  whole,  to  be 
done ;  but  he  seriously  commands  and 
tenderly  exhorts  him  to  conduct  with  uni- 
form uprightness,  and  to  avoid  all  offences, 
especially  the  odences  to  which,  as  he  fore- 
knows, his  circumstances  will  tempt  him. 
He  sends  him ;  and  the  son,  while  for  the 
most  part  he  does  well,  in  some  instances 
does  yield  to  temptation.  Suppose,  to 
make  the  illustration  complete,  that  the 
father  foresaw  the  future,  as  God  does, 
and  foreknew  that  the  son  would  commit 
just  those  offences.  By  ordaining  that  his 
son  should  go  into  those  circumstances,  he 


ordained  the  existence  of  those  offences, 
though  they  were  not  desired  by  him,  but 
were  very  grievous  to  him.  Though  they 
were  contrary  to  his  will,  as  expressed  in 
his  earnest  command,  yet  they  were,  in  a 
sense,  according  to  his  will ;  for  he  willed 
that  course  of  life  for  his  son,  which  ren- 
dered them  not  necessary,  but  certain. 
They  were  included,  as  he  foreknew,  in 
that  course  of  life  which  he  adopted  for 
his  son,  as,  on  the  whole,  best.  So  with 
God,  as  it  respects  the  sins  of  men.  He 
forbids  these  sins.  He  hates  them.  They 
are  grievous  to  him.  They  are  contrary 
to  his  authoritative  will,  expressly  de- 
clared in  his  law.  They  are  contrary 
even  to  his  entreaty.  Yet,  as  an  omni- 
scient being,  he  foreknew,  before  the  crea- 
tion of  men,  all  the  events  of  their  lives, 
their  sins  included.  He  foresaw  that,  if 
he  created  and  upheld  such  beings,  and 
endowed  them  with  free  will,  they  would 
in  those  instances  sin,  notwithstanding  all 
the  influences,  which,  as  a  moral  gov- 
ernor, he  could,  on  the  whole,  wisely  use ; 
i.  e.,  wisely  for  the  prevention  of  sin  and 
the  securing  of  holiness.  In  deciding, 
therefore,  to  create  and  uphold  them,  he 
virtually  ordained  the  existence  of  the 
foreseen  events  of  their  lives,  including 
their  sins.  In  other  words,  those  sins  are, 
in  one  sense,  according  to  his  will ;  yet,  in 
another — a  plainer  and  directer  sense — 
they  are  contrary  to  his  will. 

Dr.  Taylor  had  been  so  often  attacked, 
and  had  been  made  so  extensively  the 
object  of  theological  odium,  on  this  topic, 
that  he  was  very  sensitive  to  objections  to 
his  position  on  this  point,  which  had  any 
plausibility.  And  he  used  to  deprecate 
that  any  who  agreed  with  him,  and 
especially  his  students,  shouM  say  that 
God  does  not  ordain  and  decree  sin.  But 
we  confess  to  at  least  a  doubt,  whether  it 
is  wise  and  right,  in  sermons,  or  any  form 
of  popular  address,  to  say  that  God  de- 
crees sin  ;  because  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
true  is  so  remote,  and  the  sense  in  which 
it  will  almost  inevitably  be  understood,  is 
so  horribly  false  and  dishonorable  to  God. 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


261 


Men  do  not  usually,  or  easily,  get  the 
idea  that  one  does  not  want,  and  hates, 
and  does  all  that  he  can,  on  the  whole,  to 
prevent  that  which  he  ordains  and  de- 
crees. AYe  think  it  at  least  a  question 
whether  it  is  not  better,  in  all  popular 
speech,  to  say  with  good  and  acute  Rich- 
ard Baxter,  (and  he  surely  is  orthodox 
company,  or  if  he  is  not,  no  matter — if  we, 
when  in  company  with  him,  are  in  com- 
pany with  the  truth,)  that  God  does  not 
decree  sin.  He  says,  "  God  decreeth  no 
man's  sin ;  neither  Adam's  nor  any  other's. 
He  may  decree  the  effect,  which  sinners 
accomijlish,  (as  the  death  of  Christ,)  and 
lie  may  overrule  men  in  their  sin,  and 
bring  good  out  of  it,  &c.  But  sin  is  not  a 
thing  which  he  can  will  or  cause,  and  so 
not  decree,  which  signifieth  a  volition." 
[See  "  God's  goodness  vindicated  ;  for  the 
help  of  such  (especially  in  melancholy,) 
as  are  tempted  to  deny  it,  and  think  him 
cruel,  because  of  the  present  and  future 
misery  of  mankind ;  with  respect  to  the 
doctrine  of  reprobation  and  damnation." 
Vol.  ii.,  p.  974,  English  edition.] 

We  regard  this  position  of  Dr.  Taylor 
that  ^  is  necessarily  incidental,  as  it 
respects  divine  prevention,  to  a  moral 
system,  as  fully  established  by  his  argu- 
ments, and  those  of  other  able  men,  who, 
either  taught  by  him,  or  from  a  spontane- 
ous movement,  have  maintained  the  same 
position.  We  expect  to  hear  very  little 
more  of  the  theory  that  God  introduces 
sin,  or  willingly  allows  it  to  be  introduced, 
as  the  necessary  means  of  the  greatest 
good.  Dr.  Bushnell,  in  his  work  on  Na- 
ture and  the  Supernatural,  maintains 
that  a  free  agent  is  a  "  power,"  not  "  a 
thing ;"  and,  as  such.  Is  capable  of  resist- 
ing all  moral  influences ;  that  omnipo- 
tence has  no  relation  to  the  prevention  of 
sin ;  and  that  sin,  in  a  system  of  "  powers," 
is  impreventible.  Archbishop  Whately 
quotes  with  approbation,  in  reference  to 
this  topic,  from  Woodward's  Essays,  such 
sentences  as  these.  "  The  death  of  the 
cross  supersedes  the  necessity  of  every 
other  proof  that  there  is  no  such  thing  as 
VOL,  II.  30* 


unlimited  and  absolute  omnipotence."  "  I 
know  that  many  may,  at  first  sight,  be 
startled  by  the  assertion,  that  the  power 
of  God  can,  in  any  sense,  be  limited.  In 
this,  as  in  various  instances,  they  will  ob- 
ject to  the  same  truth  as  a  distinct  propo- 
sition, which  they  will  freely  assume  and 
take  for  granted  in  all  their  reasonings. 
These  very  persons  will  speak  of  Provi- 
dence as  devising  means,  and  moving  by 
gradual  advances  to  the  accomplishment 
of  an  end.  If  asked,  '  why  not  decree 
the  end,  without  the  means  ? '  they  will 
answer, '  because  it  could  not  be  attained, 
at  least,  so  well,  without  them.'  If,  then, 
the  term  could  not  be  at  all  admitted  (and 
how  freely  is  this  term  applied  to  God  in 
Scripture  !)  no  such  thing  as  unrestricted 
omnipotence  exists."  Dr.  John  Young, 
of  Edinburgh,  the  very  able  author  of 
"  Christ  in  History,"  maintains  this  position 
with  great  positiveness  and  p6wer,  in  his 
volume  entitled  "  Evil  not  from  God." 
He  says :  "  On  the  grounds  that  have 
been  elsewhere  set  forth,  we  maintain 
that  a  voluntary,  a  responsible  being  can- 
not be  compelled  or  made  unconsciously 

passive  in  willing Man  is  able,  in 

the  sense  which  has  been  explained,  to 
resist  his  Maker.  Independently  of  rea- 
soning altogether,  the  facts  of  the  moral 
universe  bear  out  this  position.  Man 
does,  in  fact,  resist,  violate,  trample  upon, 
the  will  of  his  Maker ;  the  robber,  the 
murderer,  the  liar,  may  be  taken  as  noto- 
rious instances."  ..."  Wherever,  when- 
ever, moral  evil  arose,  even  in  the  min- 
utest conceivable  form,  the  Supreme 
must  have  been  infinitely  opposed  to  it : 
Reason,  Conscience,  Inclination,  Will  in 
Him,  The  entire  Divine  nature  must  have 
been  infinitely  opposed  to  it."  After  quo- 
ting a  passage  from  Pres.  Edwards,  he 
adds :  "  It  amounts  to  this :  the  Most 
High,  in  effect,  icills  crime  to  be  perpe- 
trated ;  This  is  Kis  pleasure ;  for  the 
sake  of  a  great  good  he  chooses  that  there 
shall  be  such  a  thing.  The  words  are 
tremendously  dishonoring  to  the  Ever 
Blessed  Being,  are   blasphemously  false. 


262 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


Instead  of  '  not  venturing  to  say,  that  it  is 
impossible  that  the  existence  of  moral  evil 
should  be  the  best  for  the  universe  on  the 
whole  '  we  deem  it  impious  to  venture  to 
say   anything    else."   .   .   .   .   "  There    is 
something  unutterably  revolting,  in   the 
only   other   possible    supposition    on   this 
subject,  which  we  scarcely  dare  to  clothe 
in  words.     At  the  moment  when  crime 
was    introduced    into  the   universe,  the 
Great    Being  micjht  have  prevented    it, 
and  he  purposely  did  not  prevent  it.     If 
the  suggestions  which  we  have  hazarded 
seem,   to   any,   to    involve,   though    they 
really   do    not,   a    limitation    of   Divine 
power,  here,  at  least,  there  is  palpably 
involved,  not  a   limitation,  but  a  direct 
impeachment    of    the    Divine    Goodness, 
and  of  the  entire  Moral  character  of  the 
Infinite  One."  .  .  .  .  "  The   entrance  of 
crime,  in  other  words,  the  abuse  of  moral 
power,  in  other  words,  the  rebellion  of  the 
created  will,  must  have  been  impreventi- 
ble,  else  it  had  been  prevented.     All  that 
was  possible  to  be  done,  must  have  been 
done  ;  but  to  prevent  the  abuse  of  moral 
power,  that  is,  to  necessitate  the  created 
will,  was  an   impossibility."  .  .  .  .  "  The 
abuse  of  moral  power  by  creatures  in  the 
sight  of  the   Creator,  was  evil,  only  evil, 
and   the   fountain   of  inconceivable   and 
endless  evil,  which,  had  it  been  preventi- 
ble,  must  have  been  prevented ;  He  did 
not  wink  at  it  as  an  indirect,  ultimate 
good,  far  less  take  advantage  of  it  in  or- 
der to  carry  forward   his  own   purposes  • 
He  only  hated  it,  in  every  view  on  every 
ground,  he  could  only  and  infinitely  hate 
it." 

We  take  great  satisfaction  in  the  full 
confidence  that  the  theory  that  God 
chooses  either  to  introduce  sin,  or  to 
allow  it,  when  he  might  have  prevented 
it,  as  the  necessary  means  of  the  greatest 
good,  or  as  the  means  of  good  at  all ;  and 
also  the  theory  that  this  whole  subject, 
which  involves  some  of  the  most  formidable 
objections  to  Christianity  and  the  entire 
system  of  revealed  religion,  is  one  of  inex- 
plicable mystery,  and  that  with  regard  to 


it,  God  cannot  be  defended  by  human 
reason,  and  is  above  morality — that  these 
both  will  soon  be,  with  the  enlightened 
Christian  world,  among  the  things  that 
were,  but  are  not.  And  for  this  result 
mankind  will  be  under  large  obligations  to 
Dr.  Taylor. 

It  ought,  however,  in  this  connection,  to 
be  said  that  this  honor  is  shared  with  him 
by  his  colleague,  Dr.  Eleazer  T.  Fitch, 
Livingston  Professor  of  Divinity  in  Yale 
College,  who  fully  accorded  with  him,  and 
ably  aided  him,  in  maintaining  his  posi- 
tion on  this  subject.  His  article  on  "  The 
Divine  Permission  of  Sin,"  in  the  Quar- 
terly Christian  Spectator,  for  December, 
1832,  is  one  of  the  most  complete  and 
brilliant  examples  of  argumentation  in  the 
whole  history  of  religious  controversy. 

We  will  now  refer,  briefly,  to  the  self- 
love  theory,  or  desire  of  happiness  theor}', 
as  it  has  been  called,  held  by  Dr.  Taylor, 
viz :  that  all  motives,  that  come  to  the 
mind,  find  their  ultimate  ground  of  appeal 
in  the  desire  of  personal  happiness ;  and 
that  the  idea  of  right,  in  its  last  analysis, 
is  resolved  into  a  tendency  to  the  highest 
happiness.     This  we  do,  not  for  th»  pur- 
pose of  defending  this  theory,   for  we  do 
not  accord  with  it,  but  to  say  that  this  was 
no  peculiar  doctrine   of  Dr.  Taylor,  but 
one  which  he  held  in  common  with  Dwight 
and  Edwards,  and  the  greater  part  of  his 
theological  predecessors ;  and  also  to  cor- 
rect  some    misunderstandings   and   erro- 
neous representations  of  his  opinions,  which 
do  him  great  injustice.     Both  he  and  his 
eminent  teacher.  Dr.  Dwight,  stated  this 
theory   with   unusual   prominence,  by  a 
natural  reaction  against  the  doctrine  of 
Hopkins  and   Emmons,  which  had  made 
much  controversy  in  New  England,  viz., 
that  men  ought  to  be  disinterested,  even 
to  the  extent  of  ignoring  their  own  happi- 
ness, in  the  divine  service,  and  to  be  even 
willing  to  be  damned  for  the  glory  of  God 
— a  doctrine,  the  cordial  belief  of  which, 
and  accordance  with  it,  was  sometimes 
made  a  test  of  personal  piety.    Dr.  Dwight 
says,  in  his  Theology,  "  There  are  two 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor^  D.D. 


263 


kinds  of  original  good — enjoyment,  and 
deliverance  from  suffering ;  or,  as  the 
case  may  be,  from  the  danger  of  suffering. 
These  two  are  the  only  possible  objects  of 
desire  to  percipient  beings,  and  to  intel- 
ligent beings  as  truly  as  to  any  others. 
When  virtue  itself  is  desired,  it  is  desired 
only  for  the  enjoyment  tvhich  it  furnishes. 
....  A  moral  government  is  entirely 
founded  on  motives.  All  motives  are  in- 
cluded in  the  two  kinds  of  good  mentioned 
above.  In  every  moral  government  these 
motives  are  presented  to  the  subjects  of  it 
by  the  law  on  which  it  is  founded,  in  the 
forms  of  reward  and  punishment,  both 
necessarily  future,  to  obedience  and  diso- 
bedience." The  fundamental  position  of 
Edwards,  in  his  greatest  work,  the  treatise 
on  the  Will,  is  identical  with"  the  self-love 
theory — "  The  will  is  as  the  greatest  ap- 
parent good,"  i.  e.,  good  to  the  person 
willing,  and  good  in  the  form  of  his  enjoy- 
ment or  happiness  ;  for  this,  his  equivalent 
phraseology  abundantly  evinces  in  such 
declarations  as  these — "  The  will  always 
decides  according  to  what,  in  the  present 
view  of  the  mind,  taken  in  the  whole  of 
it,  is  most  agreeable."  The  choice  of  the 
mind  never  departs  from  that  which,  at  the 
time,  appears  most  agreeable  and  pleasing, 
all  things  considered."  "  The  soul  always 
wills  or  chooses  that  which,  in  the  present 
view  of  the  mind,  considered  in  the  whole 
of  that  view,  and  all  that  belongs  to  it, 
appears  most  agreeable."  This  theory, 
then,  was  no  new  or  peculiar  theory  of 
Dr.  Taylor,  as  has  been  sometimes  alleged. 
He  simply  stood,  perhaps  with  more  of 
definiteness  and  boldness,  on  the  common 
ground  of  his  predecessors. 

It  has  been  imputed  to  Dr.  Taylor,  by  his 
opponents,  that  his  scheme  was  peculiarly 
selfish  ;  and  that,  according  to  it,  "  we  do 
not  love  God  for  his  own  sake,  but  for  our 
sake ;  not  for  what  he  is  in  himself,  but 
for  what  he  does  in  our  behalf"  This  is 
a  very  incorrect  representation  of  Dr. 
Taylor's  position,  and  does  him  great  in- 
justice. No  man  ever  dwelt  more  freely 
and  sublimely   on   the    grand   objective 


truths  respecting  God,  as  motives  to  his 
service,  setting  him  before  his  hearers  in 
his  glorious  attributes,  as  infinitely  worthy, 
in  and  of  himself,  of  their  love,  confidence, 
and  obedience.  No  man  ever  held  more 
firmly,  and  taught  more  decidedly,  that 
the  essence  of  all  sin  is  selfishness.  Nor 
did  the  sentence,  chiefly  relied  on  by  his 
opponents  to  prove  their  allegation,  prove 
it  at  all,  viz  :  "  Of  all  specific  voluntary 
action,  the  happiness  of  the  agent  is  in 
some  form  the  idtimate  end."  For  he  fre- 
quently declared  that  by  this  (we  admit 
not  very  felicitous)  phraseology,  he  meant 
simply  the  great  principle  of  Edwards, 
that  "  the  will  is  as  the  greatest  apparent 
good."  He  meant  that,  in  an  analytic 
account  of  mental  choice  and  of  all  vol- 
untary action,  the  ultimate  end  or  fact, 
the  last  thing — not  without,  but  within  the 
mind — to  which  we  come,  is  the  mind's 
capacity  of  being  pleased ;  its  instinctive, 
involuntary,  constitutional  desire  of  hap- 
piness ;  to  this,  ultimately,  all  motives 
appeal. 

But  while  we  insist  that  the  odium  cast 
on  Dr.  Taylor,  as  though  he  had  advanced 
a  new  and  peculiar  theory  on  this  subject, 
was  unjust,  and  that  his  view  was  incor- 
rectly and  injuriously  represented ;  we 
think  his  theory  an  inadequate  and  incor- 
rect account  of  this  important  topic.  We 
believe  that  many  of  his  students,  as  they 
have  gone  on  in  the  experience  of  prac- 
tical and  ministerial  life,  have  not  been 
satisfied  with  its  working,  and  have  either 
rejected  or  doubted  it.  We  expect  that 
in  future  improvement  in  philosophy  and 
theology,  (for  such  improvement  is  not 
ended,)  there  will  be  a  general  acknow- 
ledgment that  the  idea  of  right  cannot  be 
wholly  resolved  into  the  idea  of  expe- 
diency or  utility ;  and  that  the  sense  of 
right  and  of  duty  is  as  real  and  as  ultimate 
a  ground  of  appeal  or  motive  in  the  mind 
as  the  desire  of  happiness.  May  not  the 
truth  on  this  point  be  at  least  approximated 
by  the  following  statement  ?  There  are 
in  the  mind  two  departments  of  the  sen- 
sibility, to  which  motives  make  a  direct 


264 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D. 


[July, 


appeal ;  one  the  sense  of  welfare,  or  the 
desire  of  happiness ;  the  other,  the  sense 
of  what  is  right,  just  and  due.  And  is 
not  the  one  as  truly  ultimate  as  the  other ; 
neither  being  capable  of  being  analyzed 
Into  the  other  ?  Do  not  human  conscious- 
ness, and  the  conduct  of  men,  when  en- 
deavoring to  convince  and  persuade  one 
another — and  especially  do  not  the  sacred 
Scriptures,  recognize  these  two  ultimate 
departments  of  motivity  ?  And,  more- 
over, do  we  not  regard  one  department, 
that  of  the  sense  of  the  right  and  the  due, 
as  higher  and  nobler  than  the  other  ?  Do 
we  not,  especially  in  our  better  and  purer 
moral  and  religious  moods,  prefer  to  be 
influenced  by  motives  addressed  to  that, 
rather  than  to  our  desire  of  personal  hap- 
piness ?  And  do  we  not  find  that  the 
theory  that  all  motives  may  be  resolved 
into  appeals  to  the  desire  of  personal  hap- 
piness, is  one  which  is  capable  of  being,  to 
say  nothing  more,  perverted  to  the  pur- 
poses of  selfishness,  and  into  conformity 
with  the  principle  that  the  end  sanctifies 
the  means  ? 

We  have  frequently  alluded  to  the  op- 
position and  odium  which  Dr.  Taylor  had 
to  encounter.  We  believe  there  have 
been  few  instances  in  which  a  man  of 
substantial  orthodoxy,  and  of  such  amia- 
ble character  and  winning  manners,  has 
been  assailed  so  widely,  severely  and  un- 
justly. We  are  inclined  to  accept  that 
fact,  we  have  a  right  to  accept  it,  his  char- 
acter and  opinions  being  what  they  were, 
as  a  measure  of  his  progress  beyond  his 
predecessors  and  cotemporaries.  But  it 
not  only  gave  him  great  discomfort  and 
pain ;  it  led  him  into  the  greatest  mistake, 
in  our  judgment,  of  his  life,  viz.  :  into 
spending  no  small  part  of  his  precious 
time  in  proving  himself  orthodox,  accord- 
ing to  human  standards.  He  was  thus 
under  strong  temptations  to  make  out  a 
case  of  full  accordance  with  standard  the- 
ologians, more  plausible  than  sound.  He 
did  not  altogether  accord  with  his  prede- 
cessors, for  he  made  improvements  and 
advances  on  them  all ;  as  he  was,  in  our 


judgment,  the  ablest  of  them  all,  certainly 
of  all  in  the  New  England  history. 

Whether  one  is  orthodox  according  to 
the  Bible,  God's  standard,  the  standard  of 
infallible  truth,  is  a  worthy  question ; 
whether  one  is  orthodox  according  to  the 
imperfect  and  varying  human  standards, 
is  a  very  inferior,  if  not  wholly  worthless 
question.  The  time  thus  spent  by  Dr. 
Taylor,  though  he  was  successful  in  prov- 
ing his  substantial  soundness  according  to 
the  standard  theologians  of  New  England, 
would  have  been  far  better  employed  in 
completing,  elaborating,  elucidating  and 
fortifying  his  own  views  of  truth,  letting 
his  reputation  for  orthodoxy  take  care 
of  itself,  or  rather  leaving  God  to  take 
care  of  it,  whom  he  was  endeavoring  to 
glorify.  Still  the  mistake  was  natural 
and  almost  unavoidable :  for  he,  and 
many  others,  thought  that  the  usefulness, 
and  even  the  existence  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  in  which  he  was  a  Professor, 
would  be  sacrificed  by  the  numerous  as- 
saults made  upon  his  theological  reputa- 
tion, unless  he  defended  himself  and  vin- 
dicated his  soundness,  according  to  the 
authorities  of  New  England  orthodoxy. 

In  his  social  and  domestic  relations,  Dr. 
Taylor  was  peculiarly  attractive  and  love- 
ly, and  was  peculiarly  beloved.  The  same 
qualities  which  we  have  mentioned  as 
commending  him  to  the  hearts  of  all  his 
people,  commended  him  to  the  admiration 
and  affection  of  his  friends.  His  conver- 
sation was  always  easy  and  instructive, 
and  often  eloquent,  and  ever  gracefully 
adapted  to  the  age  and  peculiarities  of  his 
company.  He  had  very  intimate  friends, 
who  were  to  him  as  brothers.  Among 
them,  may  be  especially  mentioned  Dr. 
Lyman  Beecher,  and  Prof  Goodrich.  Dr. 
Beecher  always  made  Dr.  Taylor's  house 
his  home,  in  his  frequent  visits  to  New 
Haven,  when  he  was  a  pastor  at  Litchfield 
and  at  Boston,  and  after  he  became  Pro- 
fessor at  Cincinnati.  Many  were  their 
consultations  upon  the  interests  of  Christ's 
kingdom,  and  especially  upon  theology, 


I860.] 


Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor^  D.D. 


265 


in  -which  they  greatly  aided  each  other, 
and  always  harmonized.  And  now  that 
Dr.  Taylor  is  gone,  Dr.  Beecher,  in  the 
infirmities  of  his  extreme  age,  goes  to  the 
house  of  Dr.  Taylor's  son-in-law,  in  Brook- 
lyn ;  and  there  he  stands  before  an  excel- 
lent portrait  of  his  friend,  and  weeps,  and, 
as  he  expresses  it,  "  talks  to  Taylor." 
Prof.  Goodrich  and  Dr.  Taylor,  living 
next-door  neighbors  for  nearly  fifty  years; 
always  closely  associated,  especially  after 
they  were  Professors  in  the  same  College 
and  Theological  Seminary;  consulting 
almost  daily  ;  harmonizing  in  theological 
views,  and  sustaining  each  other  in  theo- 
logical trials ;  sympathizing  in  domestic 
sorrows,  and  mutual  helpers  to  each  other 
in  all  things,  especially  in  faith  and  joy — 
they  were  indeed  like  brothers.  Lovely 
and  pleasant  to  each  other  in  their  lives, 
they  were  divided  in  death  only  by  two 
short  years.  What  a  meeting  have  they 
had  in  a  better  land  ! 

Dr.  Taylor  was  married,  Oct.  15,  1810, 
when  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  to 
Rebecca  Maria  Hine,  of  his  native  town, 
New  Milford.  She  was  of  his  kindred, 
the  daughter  of  his  cousin.  Her  maternal 
grandfather  and  his  mother  were  brother 
and  sister,  of  the  name  of  Northrop.  Pass- 
ing their  childhood  together,  they  were 
early  joined  in  devoted  affection.  Re- 
ferring to  this  early  attachment,  Dr.  Tay- 
lor once  said  to  a  friend,  that  they  were 
never  engaged,  for  there  was  never  any 
need  of  it.  His  life  at  home  was  beauti- 
ful. He  was  a  companion  to  his  children 
as  truly  as  to  his  wife.  Amid  all  his 
labors,  he  was  always  ready  to  turn  aside 
to  gratify  the  slightest  wish  of  any  of  them, 
or  to  engage  in  anything  that  would  in- 
terest them.  And  they  were  always  sat- 
isfied with  his  company  ;  for  no  one  could 
interest  and  please  them  so  well. 

It  is  a  pleasant  fact  that  Dr.  Taylor 
remained  in  full  intellectual  vigor  while 
he  lived.  Even  after  he  was  confined  to 
his  house  and  his  bed,  his  mind  would  fire 
up  into  a  sacred  fervor  and  eloquence, 
when  he  dwelt,  as  he  often  did,  on  his 


sublime  views  of  God  and  Christ,  of  the 
law  and  the  gospel.  He  felt,  to  the  last, 
an  unabated  and  even  increased  interest 
in  those  views  of  divine  things,  which  he 
had  endeavored  to  present  in  his  teach- 
ing ;  and  he  said  that  he  did  not  know 
how  to  die,  there  was  so  much  more  which 
he  thought  he  could  do  here.  When  he 
became  unable  to  read  his  lectures  him- 
self, and  even  during  the  two  and  a  half 
weeks  of  his  confinement  to  his  bed,  he 
used  to  request  his  daughter  to  read  to 
him  this  and  that  one,  wliich  he  would 
indicate.  Of  one  of  them,  the  last  which 
he  wrote,  prepared  not  more  than  two 
months  before  his  death,  his  wife  said  to 
him :  "  How  I  wish  that  could  be  put  into 
the  form  of  a  sermon,  and  that  you  could 
preach  it !"  "  And  O,"  said  he,  how  / 
wish  it.  O,  that  I  could  be  permitted  to 
preach  again,  and  to  preach  to  ministers  !" 
His  gradual  decline,  for  several  weeks, 
was  attended  by  his  calm  and  trustful 
confidence  in  the  grace  of  God,  in  Christ, 
and  in  the  ministration  of  the  Spirit,  which 
he  had  spent  his  life  in  setting  forth  and 
commending  to  his  fellow-men.  He  said, 
"  I  wish  to  go,"  saying,  as  Stephen  did, 
"  '  Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  spirit.'  "  After 
his  mind,  through  bodily  weakness,  began 
to  wander,  his  thoughts  were  upon  divine 
truths  and  heavenly  glories,  and  in  a  half 
unconscious  way  he  frequently  repeated 
the  stanza, — 

"  See  Salem's  golden  spires 

In  beauteous  prospect  rise  I 
And  brighter  crowns  than  angels  wear, 
Which  sparkle  through  the  skies  !" 

A  few  days  before  he  died,  and  while 
he  was  in  full  possession  of  his  mind,  he 
called  to  his  bedside  his  wife,  between 
whom  and  himself  there  existed  the  most 
devoted,  simple  and  beautiful  affection, 
and,  taking  her  hand,  he  said,  very  earn- 
estly, and  in  that  plain,  Saxon  style,  which 
he  was  so  accustomed  to  use  :  "  I  shall 
not  be  with  you  long;  and  when  I  am 
called  to  go,  I  want  you  to  be  very  calm 
and  very  quiet,  and  to  let  me  go."  He 
had  a  strong  aversion  to  an  exciting  death- 
bed scene. 


266 


Pli/mouth  Church,  Adrian,  Mich. 


[July, 


Calm  and  quiet  was  the  scene  of  his 
death,  even  beyond  his  wish.  He  passed 
away  so  quietly  that  it  was  not  known 
when  he  died.  His  attendants,  not  long 
after  midnight,  having  helped  him  to  an 
easy  position,  took  their  seats,  leaving  him 
asleep.  One  of  them  made  the  remark 
that  he  was  sleeping  more  quietly  than 
usual,  and  after  some  time  had  elapsed, 
saying  that  he  had  slept  longer  than  usual, 
he  went  to  him,  and  found  that  he  was 
dead.  "  They  thought  him  sleeping  when 
he  died." 

The  sanctuary  of  the  church,  of  which 
he  had  been  the  admired  and  beloved 
pastor,  was  draped  in  mourning  for  his 
funeral ;  and  to  a  great,  sorrowing  con- 
gregation, of  clergymen,  those  who  had 
been  his  pupils  and  others,  of  the  Faculty, 
and  students  of  the  College  and  Seminary, 
and  of  citizens  generally,  his  successor, 
the  pastor  of  that  Church  for  more  than 


thirty  years.  Rev.  Dr.  Bacon,  preached  an 
appropriate  and  eloquent  discourse  over 
his  bier.  His  body  was  burled  in  the 
New  Haven  Cemetery,  there  to  rest  till 
the  morning  of  the  resurrection.  And 
over  his  grave  a  monument  of  massive 
granite,  in  harmony  with  his  character, 
has  been  erected  by  gratitude  and  affec- 
tion, on  which,  under  his  name  and 
record,  is  the  inscription,  "  O/i,  liow  love  1 
thy  law .'"  But  he  has  a  nobler  monu- 
ment in  the  hearts  of  his  pupils  and 
friends ;  and  a  monument  nobler  still  in 
the  result  of  his  labors,  an  improved 
THEOLOGY — In  vlews  of  sacred  truth, 
wider,  juster,  better  harmonized  and  de- 
fended, and  better  commended  to  the 
reason,  conscience  and  hearts  of  men — 
views  of  man  and  of  God  ;  of  God's  char- 
acter, his  law,  his  government,  and  his 
gracious  and  sublime  plan  of  salvation. 


PLYMOUTH  CHURCH,  ADRIAN,  MICH. 


A  Presbyterian  Church  was  formed  in 
what  is  now  the  city  of  Adrian,  Mich.,  In 
the  year  1832.  About  1840,  the  Church 
became  Congregational,  but  still  remained 
in  connection  with  the  Presbytery  of 
Munroe.  This  anomalous  condition  in- 
volved them  in  various  troubles,  which 
resulted,  in  1854,  in  the  formation  of  a 
purely  Congregational  Church,  called  the 
"  Plymouth  Church." 

On  the  25th  of  June,  1856,  the  corner- 
stone of  its  new  meeting-house — an  en- 
graving of  which  is  seen  opposite — was 
laid,  and  the  structure  was  completed  and 
dedicated  on  the  20th  of  June,  in  the  fol- 
lowing year. 

This  edifice,  situated  at  the  appropriate 
corner  of  Plymouth  Place  and  Church 
Street,  is  of  brick,  with  stone  trimmings. 
The  spire  is  about  130  feet  high.  The 
auditorium  is  83  by  54  feet.  There  are 
three  entrances,  two  in  the  towers  and 
one  in  the  rear.     The  interior  is  finished 


with  white  walnut,  oiled,  varnished,  and 
polished,  except  the  pulpit,  which  is  of 
beautiful  black  walnut.  The  windows 
are  filled  with  stained  glass,  and  the  walls 
and  ceiling  are  frescoed.  The  pews  are 
cushioned  and  carpeted  uniformly  through- 
out. The  organ  is  of  twenty  stops,  and 
richly  toned.  The  house  is  warmed  by 
two  furnaces,  and  lighted  with  gas.  In 
the  rear  the  audience-room  communicates 
with  the  chapel.  The  number  of  pews  is 
one  hundred  and  twenty-six.  The  build- 
ing seats  about  700  persons.  The  entire 
cost  of  the  enterprise  was  about  $26,000. 

Rev.  L.  Smith  Hobart  acted  as  pastor 
of  this  Church  from  November,  1854,  to 
November,  1855. 

Rev.  Richard  Gleason  Greene  was  Its 
pastor  from  June  25,  1856,  to  October, 
1857, 

Rev.  Asa  Mahan  is  the  present  pastor, 
and  the  Church  has  a  membership  of 
nearly  200. 


I860.] 


Plymouth  Church,  Adrian,  Mich. 


267 


PLYMOUTH    CHURCH,    ADRIAN,    MICH 

Erected  in  1857.— F.  J.  Scott,  Toledo,  0.,  Architect. 


268 


A  Private  Library  of  the  Fourteenth  Century.         [July, 


A  PRIVATE  LIBRARY  OF  THE  FOURTEENTH  CENTURY. 


BY    BEV.    HENHT    M.    DEXTER. 

Among  those  interesting  relics  of  tbe  past  ■which  the  affectionate  care  of  the  anti- 
quaries has  preserved,  is  a  list  of  the  books  owned  by  the  well-known  Guy  Beauchainp, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  and  bequeathed  by  him  to  the  monks  of  Bordesley  Abbey,  in  Wor- 
cestershire, about  the  year  1359.  It  is  not  only  interesting  as  a  specimen  of  the 
size  and  general  quality  of  the  private  libraries  of  the  nobility  of  those  days,  but 
is  especially  curious  as  a  collection  of  romances ;  showing  that  the  taste  for  novel- 
reading  was  well  seated  in  the  community  long  before  the  era  of  types.  The  list  is  as 
follows :  ^ 

"  A  tus  iceux,  qe  ceste  lettre  verront,  on 
orrount,  Gwy  de  Beauchainp,  Comte  de  Warr. 
Saluz  en  Deii.  Saluz  nous  aveir  bayl6  e  en  la 
garde  le  Abbe  e  le  Covent  de  Bordesleye,  lessd 
a  demorer  a  touz  jours  touz  les  Romaunces  de 
sonz  nomes  ;  ceo  est  assaveyr  : — 

Un  volum,  qe  est  appel^  Tresor. 

Un  volum,  en  le  quel  est  le  premer  livere  de 

Lancelot,   e  un   volum   del  Romaunce   de 

Aygnes. 
Un  Sauter  de  Romaunce. 
Un  volum  des  Evangelies,  e  de  Vie  des  Seins. 
Un  volum,  qe  p'le  des  quatre  principals  Ges- 

tes  de  Charles,  e  de  dooun,  e  de  Meyace  e 

de  Girard  de  Vienne  et  de  Emery  de  Ner- 

bonne. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  Emmond  de  Age- 
land,  e  deu  Roy  Charles  dooun  de  Naun- 

toyle. 
E  le  Romaunce  de  Gwyoun  de  Nauntoyl. 
E  un  volum  del  Romaunce  Titus  et  Vespasien. 
E  un  volum  del  Romaunce  Josep  ab  Arima- 

thie,  e  deu  Seint  Grael. 
E  un  volum,  qe  p'le  coment  Adam  fust  enieste 

hors  dc  paradys,  e  le  Genesie. 
E  un  volum  en  le  quel  sount  contenuz  tovins 

des    Romaunces,   ceo    est    assaveir,   Vitas 

patrum  au  comencement ;  e  pus  un  Comte 

de  Auteypt ;  e  la  Vision  Seint  Pol;  et  pus 

les  Vies  des  xii.  Seins. 
E  le  Romaunce  de  Willame  de  Loungspe. 
E  Autorites  des  Seins  humes. 
E  le  Mirour  de  Alme. 
Un  volum,  en  le  quel  sount  contenuz  la  Vie 

Seint  P^>re  e  Seint  Pol,  e  des  autres  liv. 
E  un  volum  qe  est  appel6  I'Apocalips. 
E  un  livere  de  Phisik,  e  de  Surgie. 
Un  volum  del   Romaunce  de  Gwy,  e  de  la 

Reygne  tut  enterement. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  de  Troies» 


Un  volum  del  Romaunce  de  Willame  de  Or- 

enges  e  de  Teband  de  Arabic. 
Un   volum    del    Romaunce   de   Amase   e  de 

Idoine. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  Girard  de  Viene. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  deu  Brut,  e  del  Roy 

Costentine. 
Un  volum  de  le  cnseignemt  Aristotle  cuveiez 

au  Roy  Alisaundre. 
Un  volum  de  la  mort  ly  Roy  Arthur,  e  de 

Mordret. 
Un  volum  en  le  quel  sount  contenuz  les  Eu- 

faunces  Nostre   Seygneur,    coment  il  fust 

men6  en  Egipt. 
E  la  vie  Seint  Edvvd. 
E  la  Visioun  Seint  Pol. 
La  Vengeaunce  n're  Seygneur  par  Vespasien 

a  Titus,  e  la. Vie  Seint  Nicolas,  qe  fust  nez 

en  Patras. 
E  la  Vie  Seint  Eustace. 
E  la  Vie  Seint  Cudlnc. 
E  la  Passioun  n're  Seygneur. 
E  la  Meditacioun  Seint  Bernard  de  n're  Dame 

Seint  Marie,  e  del  Passioun  sour  deuz  fiz 

Jesu  Criest  n're  Seignr. 
E  la  Vie  Seint  Eufrasie. 
E  la  Vie  Saint  Radegounde. 
E  la  Vie  Seint  Juliane. 
Un  volum,  en  lequel  est  aprise  de  Enfants  ct 

lumiere  a  Lays. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  d'a  Alisaundre,  ove 

peintures. 
Un  petit  rouge  livere,  en  le  quel  sount  con- 
tenuz mons  diverses  choses. 
Un  volum  del  Romaunce  des  Mareschans,  e 

de  Ferebras  e  de  Alisaundre. 

Les  queus  livres  nous  grauntons  par  nos 
heyrs  e  pur  nos  assignes  qil  demorrout  en  la 
dit  Abbeye,  &c." 


1  This  list  is  given  iu  Todd's  lUustnitions  to  Gower  and  Chaucer,  8yo.  p.  161,  from  a  copy  by  Arch.  Sancrofl, 
from  Ashmole's  Register  of  the  Earl  of  Ailesbury  "s  KTidenccs,  fol.  110.     Lambeth,  MSS.  No.  577,  fol.  18.  b. 


I860.]       Churches  in  Portage  and  Summit  Comities,  Ohio.         269 


CONaREGATIONAL  CHURCHES  IN  PORTAGE  AND  SUMMIT 
COUNTIES,    OHIO. 


BY    REV.    JOHN    C.    HART,    RAVENNA,    OHIO. 


I  propose  to  give,  in  the  briefest  terms, 
the  most  important  facts,  in  the  history  of 
each  of  the  Congregational  churches  in 
these  two  counties. 

It  will  aid  in  understanding  the  notes 
■which  follow,  to  remember,  that  the  North- 
Eastern  portion  of  Ohio,  included  be- 
tween the  forty-first  parallel  of  latitude 
and  Lake  Erie,  is  the  Connecticut  West- 
ern Reserve  ;  that  it  is  divided  into  town- 
ships five  miles  square  ;  that  the  ranges 
running  North  and  South,  commencing 
■with  the  line  of  Pennsylvania,  arc  num- 
bered 1,2,  3,  &c.,  and  the  townships  in 
each  range  are  numbered  in  the  same 
manner,  beginning  at  the  South  ;  thus 
Atwater  is  No.  1,  seventh  range. 

The  two  were  originally  one  county, 
and  are  still  one  in  their  Ecclesiastical  re- 
lations, and  are  occupied  by  the  Portage 
Presbytery  and  the  Puritan  Conference. 
The  county  of  Portage  commences  Avith 
range  six,  and  Summit  ends  with  range 
twelve;  and  they  include  five  townships 
in  each  range,  save  the  twelfth, — thirty- 
nine  in  all. 

My  business  is  with  the  history  of  the 
churches,  and  of  the  ministry  only  as  con- 
nected with  them.  \nt\i(i.  American  Quar- 
terly Register  for  1835-6,  vol.  viii.,  pp. 
219—302,  will  be  found  "  A  complete  list 
of  the  Presbyterian  and  Congregational 
Ministers  of  the  Reserve,"  accompanied 
by  brief  notes,  by  Rev.  Ansel  R.  Clark. 
These  notes  have  reference  to  the  ministry 
rather  than  to  the  churches,  and  I  shall 
not  repeat  them.  Since  that  time  so 
many  have  come  and  gone,  that  it  ■svere 
an  endless  ■work  to  trace  them.  I  shall, 
however,  give  the  names  of  the  ministers, 
and  such  notice  of  those  ■who  still  remain, 
as  can  be  obtained. 

I  hope   to  contribute   something  to  the 
VOL.  II.  31 


history  of  Congregationalism ;  and  that 
the  facts  will  serve  to  illustrate  "  The  Plan 
of  Union,"  and  the  influence  of  Home 
'Missions  and  emigration,  in  this  the  old- 
est section  of  the  West,  at  the  close  of  the 
first  half  century,  as  nearly  as  ■we  can  ar- 
rive at  it.  The  first  Church  was  organ, 
ized  in  Hudson,  in  1802,  a  few  since  1830, 
but  most  of  them  between  these  dates. 
The  investigations  made  reveal  defects  in 
the  records  of  many  churches,  which  it  is 
hoped  they  will  be  moved  to  supply  as  far 
as  possible,  before  the  facts  pass  from 
memory. 


Atwater. — The  township  of  Atwater 
is  No.  1,  range  7  of  the  Reserve.  The 
first  settlement  in  the  township  was  in 
1799.  A  large  accession,  ■which  gave 
character  to  the  town,  came  in  1804,  from 
New  Haven  county  in  Connecticut.  Its 
population,  in  1850,  was  1,119.  The  Con- 
gregational Church  was  organized,  March 
20th,  1818,  by  Rev.  Messrs.  Caleb  Pit- 
kin, Wm.  Ilanford  and  Joseph  Tuat. 
There  is  also,  a  Church  of  the  Methodists, 
one  of  the  United  Brethren,  and  one  of 
the  Lutherans,  at  present  existing  in  the 
town. 

The  Church  is  connected  with  Portage 
Presbytery,  on  the  plan  of  union,  and  has 
been  so  from  the  beginning.  The  minis- 
ters, who  organized  the  Church,  were 
under  appointment  of  the  Connecticut 
Missionary  Society,  though  each  was  pas- 
tor of  a  Church.  It  would  be  unimpor- 
tant and  unprofitable  to  trace  out  all  the 
ministers,  who  have  for  a  season  preached 
to  this  Church.  I  only  include  those  who 
have  remained  one  year  or  more. 

la  1824,  Rev.  John  Field  was  employ- 
ed to  supply  the  pulpit  for  one  year.  In 
Dec,  1827,  Rev.  William  D.  Buffitt  was 


270  Churches  in  Portage  and  Summit  Counties,  Ohio.      [July, 


installed  pastor,  and  continued  in  that  re- 
lation till  1833,  after  which  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Beardsley  supplied  the  pulpit  for  one  or 
two  years.  In  1838,  Rev.  Samuel  H. 
Whittlesey  was  installed  pastor,  but  he 
continued  in  that  relation  only  a  short 
time,  owing  to  the  failure  of  his  health. 
He  has  never  resumed  his  ministry.  He 
was  a  native  of  Tallmadge,  in  Summit 
county,  and  was  educated  at  Western  Re- 
serve College. 

The  Rev.  Ellas  C.  Sharp,  the  present 
pastor,  is  a  native  of  Monson,  Ms ,  pursu- 
ed a  part  of  his  College  course  at  Am- 
herst, but  graduated  at  Western  Reserve 
College,  and  Theological  Seminary.  In 
1841,  while  yet  a  student,  he  began  to 
supply  the  Church  in  Atwater,  was  in- 
stalled the  same  year,  and  still  continues 
pastor. 

In  1819,  and  again  in  1825,  when  the 
Church  was  without  stated  preaching,  the 
Spirit  was  given,  and  numbers  were  added 
to  its  ranks,  who  have  proved  faithful  and 
useful  members.  In  1831,  during  the 
ministry  of  Mr.  Buffitt,  large  accessions 
were  made  to  the  Church.  In  1843  and 
1853,  there  were  precious  revivals.  Occa- 
sional and  frequent  conversions,  at  other 
times,  have  kept  the  Church  in  a  growing 
state,  so  that  it  is  one  of  our  best  churches. 

It  has  been  a  very  peaceable  Church, 
and  though  its  pastor  is  in  middle  life, 
only  four  others  on  the  Reserve  have  been 
so  long  in  their  place. 

The  Church  had  eleven  members  at 
its  organization,  since  which,  one  hundred 
and  twenty  have  been  admitted  by  letter, 
and  one  hundred  and  seventy-three  by 
profession  ;  total,  three  hundred  and  four. 
Present  number,  one  hundred  and  fifty. 
Besides  occasional  or  stated  preaching 
from  missionaries  of  the  Connecticut  Mis- 
sionary Society,  when  Mr.  Buflitt  was 
settled,  in  1827,  it  was  on  the  condition 
that  the  Church  should  pay  him  two  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  procure  one  hundred 
from  the  American  Home  Missionary  So- 
ciety, in  New  York.  In  March,  1832, 
the   Society  voted   to  take   measures  to 


raise,  among  themselves,  the  one  hundred 
dollars,  before  obtained  from  the  Home 
Missionary  Society, — since  which  time, 
the  Church  has  been  self-supporting. 


Aurora  is  No.  4,  range  9th,  and  is  the 
Northwest  town  in  Portage  county.  The . 
first  settlement  was  made  in  the  year  1 799. 
A  large  majority  of  the  people  emigrated 
from  MiddlefieldjMs.  Population  in  1850, 
823.  The  Church  was  organized  Dec. 
31,  1809,  by  Rev.  Stephen  B.  Harrow,  a 
missionary  of  the  Connecticut  Home  Mis- 
sionary Society.  The  form  at  first  adopt- 
ed was  Presbyterian.  Nov.  22,  1814,  the 
Church  changed  its  name  and  form  of  gov- 
ernment, to  Congregational ;  withdrew 
from  Presbytery,  and  united  with  a  Con- 
gregational organization,  whose  name, 
form,  and  history,  will  hereafter  be  de- 
scribed, so  far  as  they  can  be  ascertained. 
Subsequently,  it  became  connected  with 
Portage  Presbytery  ;  from  which  it  with- 
drew, by  a  vote  nearly  unanimous,  in 
September,  1851.  In  1853,  it  united 
with  other  churches  in  forming  the  Puri- 
tan Conference,  with  which  it  is  still  con- 
nected. 

Besides  the  Congregational  Church, 
there  are  Baptist,  "  Disciple,"  (Camp- 
bellite  Baptist,)  and  Methodist  churches. 
The  Rev.  John  Seward  was  constituted 
first  pastor  of  the  Church,  by  a  council, 
on  the  5th  of  August,  1812,  and  continued 
to  sustain  that  relation  till  May  21,  1844, 
when  he  was  dismissed,  and  is  now  labor- 
ing as  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Solon. 

After  the  dismission  of  Mr.  Seward, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  L.  M.  Burton,  a  graduate  of 
Western  Reserve  College,  and  Theological 
Seminary,  and  licentiate  of  Portage  Pres- 
bytery, preached  about  two  years,  but  left 
on  account  of  failing  health.  Rev.  Solo- 
mon Stevens  succeeded  him,  and  remained 
about  the  same  time.  Mr.  Stevens,  it  is 
believed,  graduated  at  one  of  the  North- 
ern New  England  Colleges,  left  Auburn 
Theological  Seminary  about  1828,  labored  ' 
several  years  in  Danby,  Thompson  coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  and  is  noAv  in  Michigan.     In 


I860.]      Churches  in  Portage  and  Siim?mt  Counties^  Ohio.         271 


Mareb,  1849,  the  Church  invited  Mr.  S. 
G.  Clark,  then  just  completing  his  studies 
at  the  theological  department  of  Western 
Reserve  College,  to  become  their  pastor. 
He  was  ordained  May  2,  1849.  He  was 
dismissed  July  12,  1850,  on  account  of  ill 
healtli,  and  is  now  agent  of  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions. 

The  greatest  revival  was  in  1831,  con- 
nected with  a  protracted  meeting.  Lesser 
'revivals  occurred  at  other  times,  the  fruits 
of  which  are  not  specified. 

There  have  been  some  protracted  cases 
of  discipline,  but  no  distracting  controver- 
sies or  divisions,  in  the  history  of  the 
Church. 

Mr.  Seward  was  sent  out  by  the  Con- 
necticut Missionary  Society,  and  received 
aid  from  thence.  I  have  not  been  able  to 
ascertain  when  the  Church  ceased  to  re- 
ceive aid,  and  became  self-supporting. 

There  were  twelve  persons  who  united 
together  to  form  the  Church ;  and  two 
hundred  and  eighty-four  have  since  been 
added;  total,  two  hundred  and  ninety-six. 
Present  number,  sixty-three. 

Besides  the  number  of  denominations, 
there  being  four  in  a  township  just  large 
enough  for  one,  the  wealth  of  the  people  is 
a  great  obstacle  to  the  prosperity  of  this 
Church,  as  it  occasions  the  division  of  the 
town  into  a  small  number  of  grazing  farms, 
and  occupies  the  young  and  the  old,  a 
large  part  of  each  day,  including  the  Sab- 
bath, both  in  summer  and  winter,  with  the 
care  of  herds. 


BRniFiELD  is  No.  2,  of  the  9th  range. 
My  i-eport  from  thence,  informs  me  that 
the  township  was  settled  by  New  England 
people  ;  but  from  what  part,  or  when  they 
came,  does  not  appear.  Population  in 
1830,  1,015. 

The  Congregational  Church  was  organ- 
ized June  19,  1832,  by  llev.  Benjamin 
Fenn.  It  was  connected  with  Portage 
Presbytery  from  the  beginning,  till  March, 
184G,  when  the  Church  unanimously  voted 
to  withdraw,  and  is  now  Independent. 


The  Church  seems  to  have  had  no 
stated  preaching,  but  had  sermons  read 
on  the  Sabbath,  till  the  spring  of  1835, 
when  Rev.  Richard  Graham  was  employed 
as  stated  supply  for  one  year.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  Rev.  James  Eells,  who 
preached  part  of  the  time  for  one  year. 
From  the  close  of  ^Ir.  Eells'  labors  to 
1843,  the  means  of  grace  consisted  of 
reading  sermons  on  the  Sabbath,  inter- 
spersed with  occasional  preaching  from 
neighboring  ministers.  In  1843,  the  Rev, 
James  Longhead,  who  had  then  recently 
completed  his  education  at  Western  Re- 
serve College,  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  Church,  by  Portage  Presby- 
tery. He  sustained  this  relation  till  1847, 
although  he  ceased  to  preach  to  the  peo- 
ple and  went  to  the  West,  in  1845.  Since 
that  time,  the  Church  has  had  no  preach- 
ing, except  that  Rev.  Lucius  Smith,  of 
Middlebury,  supplied  them  once  in  four 
weeks  for  about  one  year. 

It  maintains  its  organization,  and  wor- 
ships sometimes  with  the  Methodists,  but 
more  frequently  with  the  Baptists,  and 
aids  in  supporting  preaching  and  Sabbath 
Schools.  The  meeting-house  was  sold 
soon  after  Mr.  Loughead  left,  and  the 
avails  paid  over  to  the  American  Mission- 
ary Association,  the  Church  judging  that 
they  could  be  more  useful  by  co-operating 
with  the  Baptists.  Besides  their  own 
organization,  there  is,  in  the  township,  a 
Methodist,  a  Baptist,  and  a  Universalist 
Church,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  prop- 
erty of  the  place  is  in  the  hands  of  Uui- 
versalists.  There  was  also,  at  one  time,  a 
"Disciple"  Church,  (Campbellite,)  which 
has  now  become  extinct. 

In  the  winter  of  1834-5,  a  revival  oc- 
curred in  connection  with  the  labors  of 
three  Baptist  ministers.  Introduced  by 
some  members  of  the  society  ;  as  the  re- 
sult of  which,  some  ten  persons,  most  of 
them  heads  of  families,  united  with  the 
Congregational  Church,  and  a  Baptist 
Church  was  founded,  and  additions  made 
to  the  Methodists  and  Disciples.  The  sub- 
sequent lives  of  the   professed  converts, 


272 


Timoihj  Mather  Cooley. 


[JULV, 


in  this  revival,  show  it  to  have  been  a 
work  of  the  Spirit  of  God. 

In  the  winter  of  1839-40,  a  union  ef- 
fort was  made  to  get  up  a  revival — Con- 
gregatlonalists.  Baptists  and  Methodists 
uniting — the  result  of  which  seemed  to  be, 
the  turning  of  many  to  the  Lord,  but  their 
fruits  have  not  been  satisfactory.  In  the 
year  1843,  a  similar  effort  was  made  with 
like  results. 

In  1853,  the  society  enjoyed  an  inter- 
esting season  of  revival,  which  resulted 
in  the  addition  of  many  to  other  denom- 
inations, and  of  five,  children  of  the  cov- 
enant, to  the  Congregational  Church.  In 
1857,  the  churches  felt  the  influence  of 
the  great  revival,  but  no  additions  were 
made  to  this  Church.  This  Church  has 
been,  from  the  beginning,  a  thorough  tem- 
perance and  anti-slavery  Church.  It  has 
never  been  disturbed  by  controveriies. 

Eighteen  persons  united  to  constitute 


the  Church,  June  19,'  1832;  ten  others 
united  on  the  23d  of  the  same  month,  in 
all,  twenty-eight.  Sixty-nine  have  since 
been  added  ;  in  all,  ninety-seven.  The 
present  number  is  fourteen. 

The  Church  received  one  hundred  dol- 
lars per  year,  from  the  Connecticut  Mis- 
sionary Society,  for  two  years  to  aid  in 
sustaining  Mr.  Longhead ;  "  which  aid 
would  have  been  continued,  but  the 
Church  became  unwilling  to  ask  aid 
which  could  only  be  given  to  such  minis- 
ter, as  Portage  Presbytery  would  ap[)rove 
and  recommend."  The  present  position 
of  the  Church  is  not  desirable,  but  is  per- 
haps the  best  possible  under  the  circum- 
stances. 

Remarks. — 1.  The  invitation  of  the 
Baptists,  in  1833,  resulted  like  the  invita- 
tion of  the  Saxons  to  England. 

2.  The  most  strenuous  efforts  for  un- 
ion, usually  result  in  greater  disunion. 


TIMOTHY    MATHER    COOLEY. 


BY    REV.    D.    B.    COE,    D.D.,    NEW    YORK    CITY. 


Another  patriarch  of  the  New  Eng- 
land pulpit  has  fallen.  The  oldest  Con- 
gregational pastor  in  this  country  has 
closed  his  long  day  of  service,  and  his  sun 
has  ceased  to  shine  among  the  hills  of 
Western  Massachusetts.  Rev.  Timothy 
M.  Cooley,  D.D.,  died  at  Granville,  IVIs., 
Dec.  14th,  1859,  aged  87  years  and  9 
months.  Though  the  life  of  a  pastor,  in 
a  quiet  and  secluded  parish,  furnishes  lit- 
tle of  stirring  incident,  yet  a  ministry  so 
protracted  and  useful,  contributes  no  un- 
important item  to  the  religious  history  of 
the  country,  and  should  not  be  left  with- 
out, at  least,  a  brief  record. 

Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  Mather  Cooley 
was  born  in  East  Granville,  Ms.,  March 
13th,  1772.  He  was  descended,  on  his 
mother's  side,  from  Rev.  Increase  Mather, 
President  of  Harvard  College,  and  Rev. 
John  Cotton,  minister  of  the  first  Church 
in  Boston.  His  grandfather,  Daniel 
Cooley,   was   one  of  the  first  settlers  of 


Granville ;  and  his  father,  William  Cooley, 
was  a  farmer  in  easy  circumstances,  and 
one  of  the  most  respected  and  useful  citi- 
zens of  the  place.  He  was  also  a  man  of 
exemplary  piety,  a  pillar  in  the  Church, 
and  one  of  its  deacons  during  nearly 
thirty  years  of  his  son's  ministry.  It  was 
his  purpose  to  train  his  son  Timothy  to 
his  own  calling.  Indeed,  at  this  early 
period,  and  amid  these  rugged  hills,  this 
was  almost  the  only  means  of  gaining  a 
livelihood.  Less  than  forty  years  had 
elapsed  since  the  first  settlement  was 
formed  ;  the  inhabitants  were  few  and  scat- 
tered, and  with  great  labor  extorted  a 
scanty  subsistence  from  the  hard  and 
sterile  soil.  But  Providence  early  marked 
out,  for  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  another 
path  in  life.  When  he  was  five  years  of 
age,  a  brother  and  sister,  in  a  single  week, 
were  stricken  down  by  fever,  and  he  was 
seized  by  the  same  disease.  For  several 
weeks  his  life  was  despaired  of;  and  a 


I860.] 


Timothy  Mather  Cooley. 


273 


spot  for  bis  grave  Tvas  designated,  by  his 
father,  by  the  side  of  theirs. 

He  was  restored,  but  with  a  shattered 
and  enfeebled  constitution.  His  father, 
foreseeing  no  prospect  that  he  would  be 
able  to  endure  the  exposures  and  hard- 
ships of  a  farmer's  life,  consented  that  he 
should  devote  his  time  to  study,  with  a 
view  of  obtaining  a  liberal  education. 
This  was  in  accordance  with  his  tastes 
and  wishes ;  and  he  entered  with  enthu- 
siasm upon  his  work.  But  the  facilities 
for  classical  study,  at  that  daj',  and  in  that 
region,  were  few.  He  had  neither  coun- 
sellors, instructors,  nor  books.  He  had 
no  pastor  ;  and  no  individual  in  that  town 
had  ever  received  a  liberal  education. 
At  twelve  years  of  age,  however,  he  pro- 
cured a  Latin  Grammar,  and  soon  mas- 
tered it  without  instruction.  He  then 
placed  himself  under  the  tuition  of  Rev. 
Noah  Atwater,  pastor  of  the  Church  in 
"Westfield,  Avhere  he  completed  his  pre- 
paration for  College. 

His  manner  of  life,  from  his  youth,  was 
after  the  straitest  sect  of  our  religion. 
From  early  childhood  he  rigidly  observed 
the  form  of  secret  worship,  and  led  a 
moral  and  serious  life.  He  was  deeply 
impressed  by  the  pi'eaching  of  the  cele- 
brated colored  preacher.  Rev.  Lemuel 
Haynes  ;  who  was  then  preaching  to  the 
newly  formed  Church  in  the  West  parish 
of  Granville;  had  been  brought  up 
in  this  town  ;  had  connected  himself  with 
the  Church  in  North  Granville  ;  and  ex- 
erted a  far  greater  influence  in  forming  the 
character  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
than  any  other  preacher.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen,  he  first  indulged  the  hope  of 
acceptance  with  Christ,  and  soon  after 
united  with  the  Church  in  his  native 
town. 

\\\  1788,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  he 
connected  himself  with  the  Freshman 
Class  in  Yale  College.  Here  he  took  a 
distinguished  rank  as  a  scholar,  among 
such  competitors  as  Roger  Minot  Sher- 
man, Charles  Chauncey,  Asa  Chapman, 
and  others,  who  rose  to  eminence  in  after 
VOL.  II.  31* 


life.  He  resided,  while  in  College,  in  the 
families  of  Dr.  Dana,  pastor  of  the  First 
Church  in  New  Haven,  and  Dr.  Wales, 
Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  College.  At 
his  graduation,  he  delivered  an  oration  in 
Hebrew,  Avith  which  language  he  main- 
tained a  familiarity  through  life,  that 
enabled  him  to  read  it,  with  facility,  in 
the  devotions  of  the  family.  By  his  pro- 
ficiency in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics, 
he  entitled  himself  to  the  benefit  of  the 
Berkley  Scholarship  ;  and  after  his  grad- 
uation, he  remained,  a  year  or  more,  in 
New  Haven,  on  that  foundation,  engaged 
in  study  and  teaching.  He  subsequently 
taught,  for  a  short  period,  in  Litchfield,  Ct. 

\i\  1794,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
Theology,  under  the  instruction  of  that 
distinguished  theologian,  Rev.  Charles 
Backus,  D.D.,  of  Somers,  Ct,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  gospel,  at  Durham, 
Ct.,  by  the  New  Haven  East  Association, 
May  26th,  1795.  His  first  sermons  were 
preached,  in  the  following  month,  in  the 
pulpit  of  his  native  town,  which  he  was 
destined  to  occupy  for  nearly  two-thirds 
of  a  century.  The  people  earnestly  de- 
sired his  continuance  with  them  ;  but,  in 
pursuance  of  a  previous,  engagement,  he 
spent  the  four  following  months  in  minis- 
tering to  the  Church  in  Salisbury,  Ct. 
He  then  returned  to  Granville,  and 
preached  until  November,  when  he  re- 
ceived a  unanimous  call  from  the  Church 
in  Salisbury,  to  become  their  pastor. 
AVhile  the  question  of  acceptance  was 
under  consideration,  the  Church  in  Gran- 
ville met,  Nov.  15th,  1795,  and  "voted 
to  give  Mr.  Timothy  M.  Cooley  a  call  to 
settle  with  us  as  our  gospel  minister." 

There  was  a  wide  difference  between 
the  two  fields  of  labor  presented  to  his 
choice.  The  immense  mineral  resources 
of  Salisbury  had  already  made  it  a  wealthy 
and  Important  town.  The  Church  was 
united  and  strong.  The  salary  and  "  set- 
tlement "  offered  were  ample.  The  invi- 
tation was  unanimous  and  urgent.  In 
Granville,  the  population  was  sparse  and 
comparatively    poor.     The    parish    con- 


274 


Timoihj  Mailier  Cooley. 


[July, 


tained  but  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
seven  inhabitants,  many  of  whom  were 
Baptists.  The  Church,  after  many  years 
of  bitter  controversy  and  strife,  in  regard 
to  the  adoption  of  the  "  Half-way  Cove- 
nant," had  been  divided,  and  almost  de- 
stroyed. For  twenty  years  it  had  been 
without  a  pastor.  Several  ministers  had 
been  invited  to  take  the  oversight  of  it, 
but  had  declined.  The  enemy  had  come 
in  like  a  flood.  Drunkenness,  gambling, 
horse-racing,  and  kindred  vices  and 
amusements,  prevailed  without  rebuke. 
The  salary  offered  to  Mr.  Cooley  was 
small,  (?300,)  and  the  inability  of  the 
congregation  to  raise  it  was  well  known. 
Moreover,  this  was  his  native  place. 
Many  of  the  congregation  had  been  the 
companions  of  his  youthful  sports,  and  he 
would  be  a  prophet  without  honor,  among 
them.  He  was  but  twenty-three  years  of 
age,  and  without  ministerial  experience. 
Among  his  hearers  were  his  kindred  of 
four  generations, — and  his  own  father 
was  the  leading  deacon.  As  he  says,  in 
his  semi-centennial  address :  "  That  the 
Church,  after  so  many  years  of  contro- 
versy, should  unite  harmoniously  in  any 
one,  and  especially  in  one  of  their  own 
sons,  seemed  most  improbable.  And  that 
the  pastor  elect  should  consent  to  become 
the  teacher  of  father  and  mother,  and 
grand-parents,  and  the  venerable  fathers 
in  the  Church  and  in  the  town,  was  equal- 
ly improbable.  In  that  day,  the  law  of 
Moses  was  in  full  force  and  virtue  :  '  Thou 
shalt  rise  up  before  the  hoary  head,  and 
honor  the  face  of  the  old  man.'  " 

Nevertheless,  the  invitation  of  the 
Church  in  Salisbury  was  declined,  and  that 
of  the  other,  was  accepted.  On  the  3d  of 
February,  1 79G,  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Church  in  East  Granville.  Rev. 
Charles  Backus,  D.D.,  his  instructor  in 
theology,  preached  the  sermon  ;  and  the 
other  services  were  performed  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Badger,  Rev.  Aaron  Church,  Rev. 
Joseph  Lathrop,  D.D.,  Rev.  Bezaleel 
Howard,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gay- 
lord. 


The  fruit  of  Mr.  Cooley's  ministrations 
soon  began  to  appear.  Harmony  was  re- 
stored to  the  Church,  and  new  life  was 
infused  into  the  parish.  A  permanent 
fund  of  more  than  $4,000  was  immediately 
raised,  for  the  support  of  the  gospel, — an 
achievement  which,  in  the  circumstances 
then  existing,  involved  great  self-denial, 
and  implied  extraordinary  enthusiasm 
and  enterprise.  A  striking  change  soon 
appeared  in  the  moral  and  religious  aspect 
of  the  community.  Various  forms  of 
vicious  indulgence  and  amusement,  which 
had  been  prevalent  for  years,  began  to 
lose  their  votaries,  and  their  power  of 
mischief;  attendance  upon  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  word  increased  ;  the  Spirit  of 
God  descended  upon  the  congregation 
with  extraordinary  power  ;  and,  in  a  short 
period,  the  membership  of  the  Church 
was  doubled.  An  interesting  account  of 
this  revival  is  preserved  in  the  Connecil- 
cut  Evangelical  Magazine  for  January, 
1807.  This  work  of  grace,  which  oc- 
curred in  1798,  was  the  first  of  eleven 
harvest  seasons  with  which  his  ministry 
was  honored. 

Our  limits  will  not  permit  us  to  trace,  in 
detail,  the  history  of  his  long  and  arduous 
ministry.  A  brief  notice  of  two  or  three 
features  of  it,  will  serve  to  indicate  the 
character  and  value  of  the  services  which 
he  perforn^ed,  particularly  in  that  part  of 
his  life  of  Avhich  the  present  generation 
have  little  knowledge. 

"  In  the  commencement  of  my  minis- 
trv,"  he  says,  "  J  took  this  for  my  motto : 
'  Feed  my  lambs.'  "  Sabbath  Schools,  so 
called,  were  not  then  in  existence  in  this 
country' ;  but  it  was  his  custom,  from  the 
first,  to  assemble  the  children,  in  the  in- 
terval of  divine  worship,  for  the  purpose 
of  religious  instruction.  This  school  em- 
braced nearly  all  the  children,  of  suitable 
age,  connected  with  the  families  of  his 
congregation ;  and,  as  the  record  of  at- 
tendance shows,  was  sustained  with  great 
interest.  In  1812,  he  organized  a  Bible 
Class,  for  more  advanced  scholars,  who, 
as  a  condition  of  membership,  must  have 


I860.] 


Timothy  Mather  Gooley. 


275 


read  the  whole  Bible  in  course,  and  com- 
mitted to  memory  the  Assembly's  Cate- 
chism. He  also  provided,  at  his  own 
expense,  a  valuable  library  of  standard 
works,  a  treasure  of  inestimable  value  to 
the  youth  of  the  place,  who  had  access  to 
no  other  library,  and  found  little  other 
intellectual  aliment. 

Soon  after  his  settlement,  he  opened  a 
classical  school,  in  his  own  house,  which 
afforded  to  the  youth  of  the  parish  an 
opportunity  to  pursue  the  higher  branches 
of  study  at  a  trifling  expense.  A  large 
number  of  them  availed  themselves  of 
these  flicilities  for  acquiring  a  liberal  edu- 
cation, who,  otherwise,  would  have  been 
content  with  the  advantages  afforded  by 
the  common  school.  His  reputation,  both 
as  an  instructor  and  a  preacher,  attracted 
many  pupils  from  the  neighboring  towns, 
and  some  from  distant  sections  of  the 
country.  The  Faculties  of  at  least  half- 
a-dozen  colleges  were  accustomed  to  con- 
sign to  his  jDaternal  care,  students  re- 
quiring the  peculiar  treatment  called 
"  rustication ;"  and  many  instances  are 
remembered,  in  which  the  entire  recovery 
of  the  patient,  both  in  scholarship  and 
morals,  bore  testimony  to  the  skilful  and 
thorough  regimen  employed.  More  than 
eight  hundred  youth,  in  all,  enjoyed  the 
benefit  of  his  personal  tuition,  in  prepara- 
tion for  college,  or  business,  of  whom  more 
than  sixty  devoted  themselves  to  the 
work  of  the  gospel  ministry.  Some  of  his 
pupils  have  risen  to  high  positions  in  civil 
life,  and  others  have  been  useful  and 
eminent  as  heralds  of  the  gospel  in  this, 
and  in  heathen  lands.  Rarely  has  a  pas- 
tor so  elevated  the  standard  of  education, 
taste,  and  intelligence,  among  his  people, 
or  drawn  so  many  from  the  humblest 
walks  of  life  to  the  pursuit  of  liberal  learn- 
ing. His  own  voice  is  heard  no  more  on 
earth  ;  but  through  the  lips  and  lives  of 
many  led  by  his  hand  into  paths  of  know- 
ledge and  virtue,  "  he,  being  dead,  yet 
speaketh." 

At  the  commencement  of  his  ministry, 
none  of  the  institutions  of  Christian  benev- 


olence, now  existing,  had  been  organized  ; 
but  from  their  origin  he  was  among  their 
most  active  supporters  and  earnest  advo- 
cates. Circumstances  turned  his  early 
and  particular  attention  to  Home  Mis- 
sions. Hon.  Oliver  Phelps,  a  citizen  of 
Granville,  in  connection  with  another  in- 
dividual, had  recently  purchased,  of  the 
State  of  Massachusetts,  all  that  part  of  the 
State  of  New  York  lying  West  of  Seneca 
Lake,  comprising  six  millions  of  acres ; 
and  was  inviting  emigration  to  it.  Sev- 
eral families  from  Granville,  with  the 
prayers  of  weeping  friends,  had  gone  forth 
to  this  "  howling  wilderness."  Rev.  Joseph 
Badger,  Mr.  Cooley's  nearest  ministerial 
neighbor  on  the  North,  left  his  Church  in 
Blandford,  and,  in  the  year  1800,  entered 
upon  his  pioneer  labors  in  the  Western 
Reserve,  in  Ohio.  His  reports  awakened 
a  deep  interest  in  the  public  mind.  About 
the  same  period,  several  of  the  earliest 
Domestic  Missionary  Societies  commenced 
their  labors — the  Missionary  Society  of 
Berkshire  and  Columbia  Counties,  and 
the  Connecticut  Missionary  Society,  in 
1798,  and  the  Massachusetts  Missionary 
Society,  in  1799.  In  1802,  a  similar  So- 
ciety was  formed  in  Hampshire  County, 
in  which  Granville  was  at  that  time  in- 
cluded. Mr.  Cooley  had  alreaily  invited 
his  people  to  pledge  themselves  to  the 
cause,  which  they  did,  with  only  one  dis- 
senting vote,  hi)  rUincj.  He  then  pro- 
posed that,  as  their  first  offering  to  this 
cause,  they  should  relinquish  the  services 
of  their  minister  for  four  months,  that  he 
might  engage  in  missionary  labor.  Having 
obtained  their  consent,  and  a  commission 
from  the  Hampshire  Missionary  Society, 
he  performed  a  missionary  tour  in  the 
"  Black  River  Country,"  in  the  Summer 
of  1803.  In  a  letter  to  the  writer  of  this 
sketch,  fifty  years  later,  he  speaks  of  this 
tour  as  follows :  "  It  is  just  half  a  cen- 
tury since  I  received  a  commission  from 
old  Hampshire  Co.  Missionary  Society,  to 
labor  126  days  on  a  tour  in  the  '  Great 
West'— then  the  Far  West.  My  field 
lay  between  Herkimer  or  German  Flats, 


276 


Timothy  Mather  Cooley, 


[July, 


and  Canadarqua,  [now  Canandaigua,] 
and  between  a  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
and  the  Great  Lake  Ontario— a  field  as 
large  as  the  State  of  Massachusetts.  It 
was  a  painful  trial  to  leave  my  parish,  my 
family — wife  and  four  children,  one  an 
infant.  I  was  among  the  first  sent  out  by 
this  Society.  .  .  .  Think  of  a  missionary 
entering  a  pious  family,  and  met  with 
tears  of  joy  ;  the  next  day  leaving  them 
in  tears  of  sorrow.  My  12G  days  on  mis- 
sionary ground  stand  out  in  bold  relief, 
beyond  any  other  period  in  all  past  life. 
I  rode  1,000  miles  ;  preached  108  times  ; 
administered  the  Lord's  Supper  5  times  ; 
baptized  53  persons,  of  whom  three  were 
adults ;  made  240  family  visits ;  visited 
243  schools;  distributed  230  Bibles  and 
other  religious  books ;  organized  one 
Church  of  22  members." 

One  of  the  results  of  these  missionary 
labors,  was  the  awakening  of  a  new  spirit 
of  emigration  among  his  own  people  ;  and 
it  was  proposed  that,  as  the  Church  had 
already  contributed  their  pastor,  the  pas- 
tor should  now  contribute  a  portion  of  his 
Church,  to  the  cause  of  Home  Missions. 
He  did  not  shrink  from  the  sacrifice  ;  but 
with  what  feelings  it  was  made,  let  his 
own  words  testify  :  "  On  the  20th  of  May, 
1805,  a  Church  of  twenty-four  members 
was  organized,  and  deacons  chosen  accord- 
ing to  gospel  order,  with  reference  to 
founding  a  colony  in  the  center  of  Ohio. 
This  was  a  great  loss  to  us.  We  could 
spare  our  young  ministers  and  physicians, 
and  even  our  deacons,  and  supply  their 
places  with  others.  But  when  the  strength 
and  beauty  of  the  Church  and  parish 
were  demanded,  the  loss  was  irreparable. 
But,  as  the  hand  of  God  was  in  it,  we  said 
to  them,  '  Go,  and  we  will  pray  for  you.' 
Early  in  the  next  autumn,  amidst  prayers 
and  tears,  and  heart-breakings,  they  took 
their  leave,  expecting  that  the  next  meet- 
ing would  be  in  our  Father's  kingdom. 
Like  Israel  in  the  desert,  no  steamboat 
nor  rail-car  aided  their  march.  In  forty- 
six  days  they  reached  their  destined  home, 
an    unbroken    wilderness,     and    several 


united  in  cutting  down  the  first  tree. 
They  were  one  hundred  and  seventy-six 
in  number,  fifty-two  of  whom  were  heads 
of  families.  The  first  business,  on  their 
arrival,  was  to  hear  a  sermon.  The 
preacher  only  waited  to  release  the  cattle 
from  the  wagons.  The  first  Sabbath, 
though  the  IGth  of  cold  November,  was 
honored  by  a  forenoon  and  afternoon  ser- 
vice, under  the  canopy  of  heaven." 

The  emigrants  called  their  new  colony, 
Granville;  and  they  earnestly  requested 
their  former  pastor  to  follow  them,  and 
take  the  spiritual  oversight  of  the  infant 
Church.  He  was  constrained  to  deny 
their  request ;  but  he  rejoiced,  with  ex- 
ceeding joy,  as  he  saw  the  seed,  which  he 
had  sown,  springing  up  and  bearing  fruit 
in  the  wilderness.  The  off-shoot  soon  out- 
grew the  parent  stock.  More  than  1,200 
members  have  since  been  gathered  into 
that  Church ;  and  it  has  been,  for  many 
years,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  eflicient 
churches  in  the  Western  States.  The 
whole  community,  too,  has  ever  been  fore- 
most in  moral  and  educational  enterprises ; 
and,  to  this  day,  enjoys  a  wide  reputation 
for  general  intelligence,  order,  and  good 
morals. 

^  Dr.  Cooley's  labors  were  arduous  and 
manifold.  Ilis  sermons  were  uniformly 
prepared  with  care,  and  usually  written 
in  full.  He  was  always  attentive  to  the 
instruction  of  the  youth  gathered  in  his 
school-room.  He  frequently  visited  the 
families  of  his  flock,  and  knew  the  name 
of  every  child  in  them.  At  stated  periods, 
by  previous  appointment,  he  performed  a 
visitation  of  the  entire  parish,  praying  in 
every  house,  conversing  with  parents  and 
children  in  regard  to  the  interests  of  their 
souls,  and  making  a  record  of  the  name 
and  age  of  every  individual.  In  the  more 
public  relations  which  he  sustained,  he 
was  equally  attentive  and  faithful.  He 
was  greatly  distinguished  as  a  peace- 
maker, and  as  a  wise  and  judicious  coun- 

1  The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
upon  him,  by  the  Trustees  of  Ilamilton  College,  ia 
1831. 


I860.] 


Timothy  Mallier  Coolei/. 


211 


selloi' ;  and  he  performed  a  vast  amount 
of  useful  labor  in  adjusting  the  differences 
and  healinrj  the  divisions  of  neighboring, 
and  even  of  distant,  parishes.  For  fifty- 
seven  years,  he  was  an  active  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Westfield  Acad- 
emy ;  and  for  forty-seven  years  he  held 
the  same  relation  to  AVilliams  College. 
He  was  seldom  absent  from  the  meetings 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  latter  institution  ; 
and  those  who  attended  its  last  Com- 
mencement, will  remember  that  his  patri- 
archal form  graced  the  platform  on  that 
occasion. 

To  this  weight  of  professional  and  pub- 
lic labor,  was  added  the  heavier  burden 
of  severe  domestic  aftliction.^  Visitations 
of  sickness,  frequent  and  long  protracted, 
rendered  his  dwelling,  for  many  years, 
little  else  than  a  hospital ;  and  four  of  his 
ten  children  preceded  him  to  the  grave. 
Yet  no  labor  seemed  to  impair  the  vigor 
of  his  body,  and  no  trial  to  disturb  the 
calmness  and  serenity  of  his  mind.  His 
wonderfully  equable  temper,  in  connec- 
tion with  great  regularity  In  all  his  habits, 
and  abstemiousness  in  his  diet,  doubtless 
contributed  much  to  lengthen  out  his  days. 
Though  his  constitution  was  frail  and  deli- 
cate ;  yet,  in  a  period  of  more  than  three 
score  and  ten  years,  he  was  never  con- 
fined to  his  room  by  sickness,  a  single  day. 

In  the  course  of  his  ministry,  he  was 
several  times  solicited  to  enter  wider  and 
more  inviting  fields  of  labor.-  His  cir- 
cumstances seemed  to  counsel  such  a 
change.  His  salary  never  exceeded  $500 
a  year;  and  ten  children  were  dependent 
upon  him  for  sustenance  and  education. 
But  here  were  the  graves  of  his  kindred, 
and  the  home  of  his  childhood  and  youth. 
He  had  grown  up  among  his  people ;  he 
knew  them,  and  loved  them,  and  was 
loved   by   them   in   return.     Union    and 

1  lie  was  married  May  14th,  1798,  to  Content  Chap- 
man, daughter  of  Isaac  Chapman,  an  officer  in  the 
ReTOlutionary  army,  who  died  at  Tii-onderoga,  in 
1777.  Mrs.  Cooley  is  a  half  sister  of  the  hite  Hon. 
Isaac  Chapman  Bates,  of  Northampton,  U.  S.  Sena- 
tor from  Massachusetts.  She  still  survives,  at  the 
age  of  S4  sears. 


peace  had  reigned  in  the  congregation, 
under  his  ministry;  and  God  had  signally 
honored  it  with  the  effusions  of  his  Spirit. 
He  resolved,  therefore,  if  such  was  the 
desire  of  the  people,  that  he  would  spend 
his  days,  and  lay  his  bones  on  the  spot 
where  he  was  born  ;  and  every  overture 
for  removal  was  promptly  dismissed. 

At  the  expiration  of  half  a  century 
from  the  commencement  of  his  labors  in 
Granville,  a  commemorative  festival  was 
held.  The  emigrant  sons  and  daughters 
of  Granville,  in  all  parts  of  the  country, 
were  invited  to  return,  and  unite  with 
those  who  had  remained  at  home,  and 
with  their  honored  spiritual  father,  in  this 
jubilee.  A  large  number  responded  to 
this  invitation ;  and  this  quiet  village 
never  before  witnessed  such  an  assemblage 
as  gathered  on  "The  Hill,"  on  the  27th 
of  August,  1845.  Some  of  the  visitors 
had  been  absent  for  half  a  century.  Some 
of  them  were  of  the  company  which  left 
Granville  in  1805,  to  establish  a  colony  in 
the  wilderness  of  Ohio,  and  had  never 
since  revisited  their  native  place.  Va- 
rious and  conflicting  were  the  emotions 
awakened  by  this  reunion  ;  but  affection, 
gratitude,  veneration  for  the  aged  pastor, 
were  common  to  all,  and  found  expres- 
sion in  many  affecting  forms.  An  his- 
torical address  was  delivered  by  him,  and 
the  festival  was  prolonged  through  two 
successive  days,  with  deep  interest.  A 
record  of  this  jubilee  was  soon  afterwards 
prepared  and  published. 

Daring  the  nine  following  years,  he 
continued  In  the  full  discharge  of  pulpit 
and  pastoral  duty, — writing,  as  usual,  two 
sermons  each  week,  and  preaching  fre- 
quently in  the  remote  sections  of  the 
parish.  In  1854,  having  completed  his 
eighty-second  year,  he  made  an  amicable 
arrangement  with  his  people,  by  which  he 
was  released  from  the  charge  of  the  pul- 
pit, and  a  colleague  was  employed.  He 
continued,  however,  his  pastoral  labors, 
frequently  officiated  at  funerals  and  at 
the  Lord's  table ;  and,  occasionally,  in  the 
pulpits  of  his  own  and  neighboring  con- 


278 


Timothy  Mather  Cooley. 


[July, 


gregations.  In  a  letter,  dated  May  20th, 
1858,  he  says:  "Since  passing  the  cli- 
macteric of  four  score  years,  I  have  seen 
the  happiest  period  of  my  life.  During 
my  pastorate  of  three  score  years,  I  was 
crushed  with  toil  in  the  school-room,  the 
study,  and  the  parish.  I  review  the  whole 
past  only  with  blushing  and  shame.  It  is 
grateful  to  know  that  God  is  infinite  in 
forgiving  mercy." 

His  usual  health  continued  until  within 
a  few  days  of  his  decease.  On  the  25th 
and  26th  of  October  last,  he  attended  the 
Conference  of  Churches,  at  Longmeadow, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  exercises. 
He  also  officiated  as  Moderator  of  the 
Association,  at  Southwick,  on  the  15th  of 
November.  Among  his  own  people  his 
labors  were  unabated.  "  He  was  very 
attentive,"  says  his  colleague,  Rev.  N.  H. 
Wells,  "  to  the  meetings  for  prayer,  and 
spoke  and  prayed  with  fervor.  He 
seemed,  in  the  last  few  weeks  of  his  life, 
to  feel,  if  possible,  a  deeper  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  Zion.  He  said  the  character 
of  the  Saviour,  as  described  in  the  gospel, 
had  lately  appeared  to  him  more  lovely 
than  ever ;  and  the  Bible  seemed  clothed 
with  a  beauty  he  could  not  describe."  In 
the  autumn,  he  commenced  making  his 
farewell  visits  to  his  people — to  invite 
them,  as  he  said,  to  meet  him  in  heaven. 
He  called  them  all — old  and  young — his 
children  ;  nor  can  we  wonder,  when  we 
consider  that  every  member  of  the  Church 
had  been  received  into  it  during  his  min- 
istry, and  that  the  last  survivor  of  those 
who  composed  its  membership  when  he 
was  ordained,  had  been  in  her  grave  nine- 
teen years.  His  last  pastoral  visits  were 
made  in  a  remote  section  of  the  parish, 
on  the  29th  of  November,  two  weeks  pre- 
vious to  his  death. 

On  the  following  Sabbath,  December 
4th,  he  attended  public  worship  twice,  in 
a  severe  storm,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
seized  with  acute  bronchitis,  which  termi- 
nated in  congestion  of  the  lungs.  Early 
in  the  progress  of  his  sickness,  his  mental 
faculties  yielded  to  the  violence  of  disease, 


and  he  became  unconscious.  But  his 
physical  energies  were  not  soon  exhausted ; 
and  he  lingered  till  the  14th  of  December, 
when,  calmly  and  peacefully,  he  fell 
asleep,  in  the  88th  year  of  his  age,  and 
the  C5th  of  his  labors  with  this  congrega- 
tion. 

"  So  fades  a  summer  cloud  away, 
So  sinks  the  gale  when  storms  are  o'er  ; 
So  gently  shuts  the  eye  of  daj-, 
So  dies  a  wave  along  the  shore.'' 

The  funeral  exercises  were  attended  by 
a  great  concourse  of  people,  from  this  and 
other  towns;  "and  devout  men  carried 
him  to  his  burial,  and  made  great  lamen- 
tation over  him."  A  funeral  discourse 
was  preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  Sprague,  of 
Albany,  in  fulfilment  of  a  pledge  exacted 
from  him  many  years  ago.  He  had  been 
intimately  acquainted  with  Dr.  Cooley, 
during  a  period  of  forty  years ;  and  no 
man,  perhaps,  is  better  qualified  to  form  a 
correct  estimate  of  his  character  as  a  man, 
and  his  characteristics  as  a  preacher.  A 
single  paragraph  from  his  discourse  will 
form  a  fitting  close  of  this  sketch : 

"  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Cooley  may  fairly 
be  reckoned  among  the  lights  of  the  New 
England  pulpit.  His  sermons  were  care- 
fully written,  methodically  arranged,  and 
every  thought  expressed  with  such  ad- 
mirable simplicity  and  perspicuity  as  to 
be  within  the  range  of  a  child's  compre- 
hension. He  delighted  particularly  in 
evangelical  themes ;  and,  indeed,  let  him 
begin  with  whatever  topic  he  might,  it  is 
more  than  likely  that  he  would  land  you 
at  the  Cross.  His  religious  fliith  took 
originally  somewhat  the  peculiar  hue  of 
that  system  commonly  known  as  IIop- 
kinsianism  ;  but,  Irom  souiethiiig  that  he 
once  said  to  me,  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that,  in  later  years,  without  making  any 
change  that  was  very  percejjtible  to  him- 
self, he  really  did  adopt,  shall  I  say  a 
somewhat  milder  form  of  religious  belief. 
However  this  may  have  been,  the  sum 
and  substance  of  his  preaching  always 
was  '  Jesus  Christ  and  Him  crucified.' 
His  manner  of  delivery  corresponded  well 


I860.]  Confession  of  Faith  of  Bcv.  Joh  Orion,  D.D. 


279 


■widi  the  tliaractcr  of  his  sermons.  With- 
out any  of  the  graces  of  a  cultivated  elo- 
cution, it  was  simple  and  natural,  and 
compelled  you  to  feel  that  the  heart  was 
in  every  sentence.  The  last  time  that  I 
•was  privileged  to  hear  him,  was  a  few 
years  since,  when,  though  fatigued  by  a 
journey,  he  kindly  consented  to  take  my 
place  at  a  weekly  evening  service  ;  and, 
though  many  years  had  been  added  to  his 
life  from  the  time  that  I  had  previously 
heard  him,  and  years,  too,  which  are  ordi- 
narily  expected   to   bring    infirmity,   he 


seemed  as  vigorous  and  as  earnest  as  ever  ; 
andyl  was  never  more  deeply  impressed 
with  the  conviction  that  he  was,  in  many 
respects,  a  fine  model  of  a  preacher.  It 
is  a  wonderful  testimony  to  his  industry, 
that  the  whole  number  of  sermons  that  he 
preached  previous  to  1854,  according  to 
the  best  estimate  he  could  make,  was  con- 
siderably more  than  seven  thousand."  ^ 

1  A  memorandum  has  been  found  among  his 
papers,  since  his  decease,  in  which  he  states  that  he 
had  preached  nine  thousand  sermons,  including  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seyen  funeral  discourses. 


THE  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH  OF  THE  KEV.  JOB  ORTON,  D.D. 


Job  Orton  was  born  at  Shrewsbury, 
England,  in  the  year  1717;  was  educated 
at  the  free  school  of  his  native  place,  and 
under  Dr.  Charles  Owen  at  Warrenton, 
and  Dr.  Philip  Doddridge  at  Northamp- 
ton ;  at  which  latter  place  he  greatly  won 
the  affection  of  Dr.  Doddridge  and  his 
Church,  and  was  chosen  an  assistant  in 
the  school  of  the  former,  and  an  elder  in 
the  latter.  In  1741,  he  was  invited  to 
take  charge  of  the  united  churches  in  his 
native  place,  and  was  sent  on  his  journey 
to  them  from  Northampton,  with  the  fol- 
lowing letter  in  hand  from  Dr.  Doddridge, 
showing  the  esteem  in  which  they  held 
him  : 

' '  The  Church  of  Christ  assembling  on 
Castle  Hill,  in  Northampton,  to  the  Church 
of  Christ  m  Salop  assembling. 

"  Dear  Brethren  and  Friends,  beloved  in 
our  Lord — As  the  Providence  of  God  hath, 
seen  fit  to  remove  from  us  to  you,  our  rev- 
erend and  dear  brother,  Mr.  Job  Orton, 
who  has  for  many  years  resided  amongst 
us,  and  has  of  late  years,  with  great  hon- 
our and  acceptance,  ministered  unto  us, 
and  assisted  us  under  the  ofHce  of  an  elder, 
though  we  cannot  resign  him  without  the 
most  affectionate  and  tender  concern,  and 
deep  regret ;  yet  being  obliged  to  acquiesce 
in  the  determination  of  the  Great  Head  of 
the  Church,  though  it  is  a  very  painful 
one  ;  "\Ve  feel  it  our  duty,  by  these  letters, 
to  dismiss  him  from  our  slated  commimion, 
which,  accordingly,  we  hereby  do  :  heartily 


blessing  God  for  all  the  advantages  we  have 
enjoyed  by  his  ministry  and  presence,  and 
earnestly  praying  that  his  labours  may  not 
only  be  highly  acceptable  and  delightful  to 
you,  as  we  are  persuaded  they  must  be,  but 
that  they  may  be  crowned  with  abundant 
success.  "We  cannot  doubt  that  j'our  con- 
duct to  him  will  be  so  obliging  and  affec- 
tionate, as  abundantly  to  demonstrate  the 
sense  you  have  of  the  singular  favour  of 
Providence  to  you,  in  sending  amongst  you 
so  able,  so  affectionate,  so  zealous  a  la- 
bourer; and  we  earnestly  desire  your 
pi'ayers  for  us,  that  God  may  make  up  to 
us,  by  his  immediate  presence  and  blessing, 
the  unspeakable,  and  otherwise  irreparable 
loss  which  we  sustain  by  his  removal  from 
us. 

"  Signed  by  the  unanimous  direction  of 
the  Church,  at  their  Church  meeting,  Oct. 
1,  1741,  in  the  name  of  the  whole  Society, 
•'  P.  Doddridge." 

Although  Mr.  Orton  went  to  Shrews- 
bury at  this  date,  he  was  obliged  so  to  sus- 
pend and  intermit  his  labors,  that  he  was 
not  finally  ordained  until  September, 
1745.  He  continued  his  ministry  until 
1765,  when  he  resigned,  on  account  of  ill 
health,  and  retired,  in  the  following  year, 
to  Kidderminster,  where  he  died,  in  1 783. 
His  principal  remains  are  "  Practical 
Works ;  consisting  of  discourses,  sacra- 
mental meditations  and  letters,  2  vols. 
8vo ;"  "  A  short  and  plain  exposition  of 
the  Old  Testament,  with  devotional  and 


280 


Confession  of  Faith  of  liev.  Jul  Orion,  D.D.         [July, 


practical  reflections  for  the  use  of  families, 
6  vols.  8vo;"  and  the  "Memoirs  of  Dr. 
Doddridge." 

On  his  ordination  at  Shrewsbury,  in 
1745,  he  read  the  following  confession  of 
faith — which,  it  is  believed,  has  never 
found  place  in  print  on  this  side  of  the 
ocean — which  is  interesting,  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  tldrty  ministers  were  present 
at  the  service,  and  of  the  fact  of  Dr. 
Doddridge's  great  affection  for,  and  confi- 
dence in  him.  Its  reading  will  show  what 
views  were  then  considered  "  orthodox 
and  sound." 

"  Men,  brethren  and  fathers,  as  it  has 
been  customary,  upon  this  occasion,  to 
make  a  public  declaration  of  the  most  im- 
portant articles  of  our  holy  religion,  I 
chuse  to  do  the  same  ;  though  my  Chris- 
tian friends,  to  whose  service  I  have  devo- 
ted myself,  join  with  me  in  esteeming  it  a 
thing  entirely  indifferent- 

"1.  From  an  attentive  survey  of  the 
works  of  creation  and  pro\idencc,  and  espe- 
cially my  own  frame,  I  firmly  believe  there 
is  one  Self-existent,  Independent,  Almighty, 
and  all  wise  Being,  the  Creator  and  Gov- 
ernor of  the  world,  who  is  good  to  all. 

"2.  I  find  this  faith  confirmed  and 
strengthened  by  that  sacred  book  called  the 
Bible  ;  which  I  believe  was  given  by  inspi- 
ration of  God,  and  is  able  to  make  men 
wise  unto  salvation. 

"  3.  I  believe  that  God  made  man  at  first 
upright ;  but  that  by  breaking  the  law  un- 
der which  they  were  made,  and  to  which 
they  were  subject,  they  exposed  themselves 
and  their  posterity  to  sorrow  and  death. 

"  4.  I  believe  that  in  consequence  of  this 
revolt  from  God,  men  are  bprn  with  less 
perfect  constitutions,  whereby  the  rational 
powers  are  impaired,  the  affections  and 
passions  grown  more  turbulent  and  irregu- 
lar :  and  the  temptations  with  whiih  they 
are  surrounded  more  easily  complied  with. 

"5,  I  believe  that  the  law  of  nature 
written  on  men's  hearts  at  first  plain  and 
clear,  and  the  rule  for  intelligent  creatiires 
to  act  by,  grew  obscure,  was  little  observed, 
and  that  superstition,  idolatry,  and  dark- 
ness spread  over  the  world. 

"  6.  I  believe  that  the  descendants  of  Is- 
rael grew  very  corrupt  and  degenerate, 
though  God  chose  them  for  a  peculiar  peo- 


ple to  himself,  to  keep  up  the  knowledge  of 
the  one  true  God,  and  the  exjjectation  of  a 
Messiah  to  come,  for  which  purpose  they 
were  favoured  with  a  succession  of  inspired 
prophets  and  astonishing  miracles. 

"  7.  I  believe  that  God,  tut  of  his  abun- 
dant mercy  and  compassion,  in  the  most 
proper  time  raised  another  prophet,  more 
glorious  and  excellent  than  the  former, 
even  Jesus,  his  only  begotten  Son,  the 
brightness  of  his  gl>  ry,  and  the  first  boni 
of  every  creature,  who,  on  accotmt  of  that 
dignity  and  authority  with  which  Jehovah 
has  invested  him,  is  called  Lord  and  God. 

"  8.  I  believe,  that  in  order  to  recover 
both  Jews  and  Gentiles  to  the  knowledge 
of  God  and  their  duty,  He  was  made  flesh, 
and  dwelt  on  earth,  led  a  holy,  spotless  life, 
taught  tlie  way  of  God  in  truth,  confirmed 
his  doctrine  by  many  signs  and  miracles, 
and  at  length  sealed  it  with  his  blood. 

"  9.  I  believe  that  Jesus  Christ  is  a  pro- 
pitiation for  the  sin  of  the  whole  world, 
that  his  death  was  a  sacrifice  for  it,  and 
that,  hereby  he  made  reconciliation  for  the 
transgressors. 

"  10.  I  believe  that  Jesus  Christ  rose 
again,  and  ascended  to  heaven  ;  and  accord- 
ing to  his  promise,  sent  down  his  Holy 
Spirit,  to  furnish  whom  he  appointed  to 
preach  his  Gospel,  with  those  extraordi- 
nary gifto  and  powers,  which  made  way  for 
its  progress  through  so  many  nations,  and 
rendered  their  writings  a  rule  of  faith  and 
manners. 

"11.  I  believe  that  this  holy  Spirit  con- 
tinues his  kind  agency  on  the  minds  of 
men  ;  and  is  the  great  instrument  in  con- 
verting, sanctifying,  and  saring  souls. 

"  12.  I  believe  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  has 
instituted  sacred  societies  or  churches,  that 
there  should  be  an  order  of  men  in  those 
churches,  who  shotdd  give  themselves  to 
reading,  meditation,  and  prayer,  that  they 
might  be  qualified  to  teach  them  the  truths 
and  duties  of  his  religion,  and  might  ad- 
minister Gospel  ordinances  among  them, 
with  whom  he  promised  to  be,  even  to  the 
end  of  the  world. 

"13,  I  believe  that,  besides  those  ordi- 
nances common  to  the  Jewish  and  Christian 
dispensations,  as  prayer,  reading,  and  ex- 
plaining the  Scriptures,  and  singing  of 
Psalms,  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  has  ap- 
pointed two  positive  institutions  or  sacra- 
auents,  and  no  more,  namely.  Baptism  and 


I860.]         Confession  of  Faith  of  Rev.  Job  Orion,  D.D.  281 


the  Lord's  Supper,  of  -which  he  requires  all 
his  disciples  to  partake,  as  emblems  of  that 
purity,  spirituality,  zeal,  and  love,  which 
his  religion  requires  ;  as  means  by  which 
the  divine  life  is  to  be  cherished  and  carried 
on,  and  as  tokens  of  their  desire  to  partake 
of  the  privileges  of  the  Gospel,  and  the 
blessings  of  the  covenant  of  grace. 

"14.  I  believe  that  the  same  Jesus,  who 
is  head  over  all  things  to  the  church,  and 
ever  lives  to  make  intercession  for  us,  will 
come  again  in  power  and  great  glory  to 
judge  the  world  ;  that  he  will  raise  the 
bodies  of  men,  and  render  unto  every  man 
according  to  his  works ;  will  doom  the 
wicked  to  everlasting  punishment ;  and  of 
his  great  mercy,  bestow  on  the  righteous, 
life  eternal. 

•'15.  I  believe  that  in  the  mean  time, 
(notwithstanding  the  power  of  evil  angels, 
who  left  their  first  estate,  and  those 
wretched  human  creatures,  who  are  influ- 
enced by  them,  to  set  themselves  against 
the  Lord  and  his  anointed,)  the  church 
and  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  shall  still  con- 
tinue in  the  world,  and  the  gates  of  hell 
shall  not  prevail  against  them. 

"  Of  this  glorious  Gospel,  it  is  my  great 
ambition  to  be  a  minister,  though  most  un- 
worthy to  bear  that  sacred  character ;  to 
this  I  have  already  devoted  myself,  and 
was  solemnly  set  apart  to  the  service  of  it 
in  this  place  by  fasting  and  prayer,  by  sev- 
eral of  my  reverend  brethren  here  present, 
and  others  who  sleep  in  Jesus.  But  know- 
ing my  own  inability,  and  the  importance 
of  divine  assistance,  and  finding  from  the 
history  of  the  apostles,  that  when  a  new  ser- 
vice was  undertaken  by  the  first  preachers 
of  the  Gospel,  they  were  again  separated 
to  it ;  it  is  my  desire,  and  the  desire  of  my 
Christian  friends  of  this  society,  that  I 
should  be  again  recommended  to  the  grace 
of  God,  by  the  prayers  of  this  assembly, 
for  those  further  services  I  am  to  undertake, 
which  prayers,  therefore,  I  earnestly  desire. 

"  Question  1st.  What  is  your  opinion  of 
the  reformed  religion  ? 

•'  Answer.  I  believe  that  popery  is  that 
grand  corruption  of  Christianity  plainly 
foretold  in  the  New  Testament ;  that  it  is 
unhappily  calculated  to  dishonour  God,  to 
affront  the  Redeemer,  to  stop  the  progress 
of  the  Gospel  in  the  world,  to  affront  men's 
understandings,  to  invade  their  properties, 
to  enslave  their  liberties,  and  finally  to  ruin 
their  souls :  so  that  every  one  who  has 
VOL.  U.  32 


either  piety,  zeal,  or  charity  should  en- 
deavour to  oppose  its  progress,  I  therefore 
rejoice  and  thank  God,  that  he  raised  up  a 
set  of  men  to  do  this,  and  made  their  en- 
deavours successful.  I  believe  that  anti- 
christ shall  at  length  be  destroyed,  and 
those  that  partake  of  her  sins,  shall  partake 
of  her  plagues,  which  makes  me  thankful 
for  our  freedom  from  this  yoke. 

"  Ques.  2.  "What  is  your  opinion  of  our 
separation  from  the  Established  ? 

"  Ans.  I  apprehend  the  Scriptures  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testament  are  the  only  rule 
and  complete  standard  of  faith,  worship, 
and  discipline :  that  one  is  our  ^Master — 
even  Jesus  Christ ;  that  no  man,  or  body 
of  men  whatever,  has  any  power  to  impose 
any  articles  of  faith,  or  modes  of  worship 
upon  others,  or  controul  the  liberty  of  pri- 
vate judgment ;  as  this  power  is  assumed 
by  our  brethren  of  the  Established  Chiu'ch, 
I  think  our  separation  from  it  very  justifia- 
ble and  commendable  ;  and  bless  God,  and 
honour  our  governors  for  the  laws  that  al- 
low it,  and  defend  it ;  desiring  stiU  to  hold 
commimion  "\Aith  all  them  that  love  ova 
Lord  Jesus  Christ  in  sincerity. 

"  Ques.  3.  AVhat  were  your  ends  in  un- 
dertaking the  work  of  the  muiisti-y  ? 

"Ans.  As  far  as  I  know  my  own  heart,  I 
had  no  worldly  and  ambitious  views  in  en- 
tering on  this  service.  My  great  and  only 
desii'e  was,  and  is,  to  be  serAiceable  to  my 
fellow- creatiires  in  their  most  unportant 
concerns,  and  promote  the  honour  of  oiir 
dear  Lord  in  the  world. 

"  Ques.  4.  ^Miat  are  your  purposes,  as 
to  diligence  and  labour  in  this  holy  call- 
ing ? 

"  Ans.  It  is  my  resolution,  through  the 
assistance  of  divine  grace,  (as  far  as  the  in- 
firmities of  my  constitution  will  admit,)  to 
give  myself  to  reading,  meditation,  and 
prayer  ;  to  preach  the  word  ;  being  instant 
in  season,  to  take  all  opportimities  to  edify 
the  flock  committed  to  me  ;  and,  like  my 
dear  Master,  to  go  about  doing  good. 

"  Ques.  5.  Will  you  labour  to  maintain, 
and  promote  truth  and  peace  ? 

"Ans.  It  is  my  determination  in  divine 
strength,  to  be  valiant  for  the  truth,  and  to 
live  peaceably  with  all  men,  as  is  consistent 
with  the  former,  against  which  we  can  do 
nothing. 

"  Ques.  6.  WUl  you  be  careful,  that  you 
and  your  family  be  examples  to  yoxir  flock  ? 

"  Ans.  It  is  my  piirpose  to  command  my 


282 


The  Missionar?/  Spirit  of  ilie  Pilgrims. 


[July, 


household  to  keep  the  ways  of  the  Lord  ; 
and  do  all  that  lies  in  my  power,  by  my 
instructions,  prayers,  and  examples,  to 
make  all  under  my  roof,  wise  and  good. 

"  Ques.  7.  WUl  you,  with  humihty  and 
meekness  submit  to  brotherly  admonition  ? 

"  Ans.  It  shall  be  my  endeavoiu-  to  be  un- 
blameable  in  holiness  ;  but  if  my  conversa- 
tion should  be  at  any  time  irregular,  I  shall 
thankfully  receive  and  carefully  improve 
the  admonitions  of  my  Christian  friends, 
which  therefore  I  desire. 

"  Ques.  8.  Will  you  continue  faithful  in 
your  office,  notwithstanding  trouble  and 
persecution  ? 

"  Ans.  Concerning  this,  I  am  most  diffi- 
dent, being  sensible  of  my  own  weakness, 
and  feai-fiil  that  the  hand  of  God  is  lifted 


up  against  the  nation,  and  troublous  times 
are  at  the  door.  But  I  hope  to  continue 
steadfast  in  this  most  important  and  hon- 
ourable calling,  and  to  be  faithfid  unto 
death,  through  Ilim  whose  grace  is  suffi- 
cient. For  which  purpose,  I  entreat  the 
continued  prayers  of  tMs  assembly,  whose 
servant  I  am  for  Christ  Jesus'  sake." 

Such  were  the  views  and  purposes  of 
this  excellent  man,  and  such  were  the 
doctrinal  statements  then  approved  in 
England,  by  the  best  men  in  the  Inde- 
pendent body.  We  do  neither  propose 
to  endorse  nor  criticize  them.  Our  work, 
as  historians,  is  done  by  bringing  them  to 
the  notice  of  our  readers. 


A  LESSON  FROM  THE  PAST : 
THE  iHSSIONAKY  SPIRIT  OF  THE  PILGRIMS. 

BY    REV.    JOSEPH    S.    CLARK,    D.D. 


In  respect  to  the  greatest  of  our  benev- 
olent enterprises,  "  the  year  of  Jubilee 
has  come."  The  fiftieth  year  of  the  Board 
of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  is 
now  passing  ;  and  while  its  numerous  pat- 
rons in  all  parts  of  the  land  are  preparing 
to  celebrate  the  completion  of  the  first 
half  century,  it  may  be  interesting  to  look 
back  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  further,  to 
those  early  and  almost  forgotten  achieve- 
ments of  the  same  kind  that  were  wrought 
out  in  evangelizing  the  heathen  tribes  of 
New  England.  Possibly  that  early  move- 
ment will  be  found  related  to  these  mod- 
ern missions  as  the  first  pulsation  of  a  life 
now  beating  with  an  ever  increasing  force, 
throughout  Christendom. 

From  that  "  inward  zeal  to  propagate 
the  gospel,"  which  moved  the  Leyden 
Pilgrims  to  emigrate  to  Plymouth  ;  from 
the  plain  instructions  given  by  the  Lon- 
don Company  to  the  first  settlers  in  Salem 
and  Boston  on  the  subject  of  "  gospelizing 
the  natives ; "  from  the  mere  engraving 
on  that  company's  seal,  of  an  Indian  with 
the  words  "  Come  and  over  help  us,"  issu- 
ing from  his  mouth  ;  we  might  gather  as- 
suredly that  something  would  be  done,  as 


soon  as  practicable,  towards  evangelizing 
the  heatben  among  whom  these  Christian 
Churches  were  getting  planted.  It  may 
take  years  to  overcome  the  obstacles  aris- 
ing from  their  own  deep  poverty,  and  the 
toil  requisite  to  clear  themselves  a  place 
in  the  wilderness,  and  the  wild  ways  of 
these  roving  tribes  of  the  forest,  from 
whom  they  were  still  more  effectually 
shut  out  by  an  unknown  and  an  unwritten 
language.  As  to  the  charge  of  neglecting 
the  conversion  of  the  Indians,  which  was 
brought  against  the  founders  of  New  Eng- 
land, by  writers  like  Robert  Baylie  and 
Thomas  Letchford,  almost  as  soon  as  they 
had  set  foot  on  the  soil,  the  reply  of  John 
Eliot  is  enough  :  "  Such  men  have  surely 
more  spleene  than  judgement,  and  know 
not  the  vast  distance  of  natives  from  com- 
mon civility,  and  almost  humanity  itself." 
("  Day-breaking,"  3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol. 
iv.  p.  15.)  Complainers  of  a  later  day 
have  been  grossly  ignorant  of  the  facts, 
or  unwilling  to  acknowledge  them,  as  the 
following  simple  narrative,  constructed 
from  printed  and  manuscript  documents, 
coeval  with  the  events  they  relate,  suffi- 
ciently shows. 


I860.] 


The  Missionary/  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


283 


How  far  tbe  natives  were  brought  to- 
wards Christianity  by  means  of  their  con- 
nection with  Christian  fomilies,  into  which 
considerable  numbers  of  them  were  re- 
ceived at  an  early  day,  we  have  no  cer- 
tain knowledge  ;  but  we  do  know  that  it 
was  a  fixed  principle  with  the  head  of  a 
Puritan  household,  as  with  the  ancient 
Hebrew,  to  exercise  a  religious  watch 
over,  not  only  his  children,  but  also  his 
man  servant,  and  his  maid  servant,  and 
the  stranger  that  was  within  his  gates. 
The  son  of  "  Sagamore  John,"  whom 
"  Mr.  Wilson,  the  pastor  of  Boston  "  re- 
ceived, at  the  dying  father's  request,  "  to 
be  brought  up  by  him,"  and  those  other 
orphan  children  of  an  almost  extinct  tribe, 
which  Winthrop,  in  his  Journal,  of  De- 
cember 5,  1633,  tells  us  were  distributed 
among  "  the  towns  in  the  bay  "  for  a  like 
benevolent  purpose,  were  doubtless  trained 
in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of  the  Lord, 
so  far  as  their  uncivilized,  opaque  minds 
were  capable.  Meanwhile,  individual 
ministers  and  laymen  were  intently  study- 
ing the  native  tongue,  and  manner  of  life 
and  modes  of  thought,  preliminary  to  a 
more  direct  and  extended  labor  for  their 
salvation.^ 

At  length,  John  Eliot,  by  dint  of  un- 
wearied pains,  and  patient  communion 
with  an  old  Indian,  whom  he  kept  in  his 
family  for  that  purpose,  had  so  far  ac- 
quired the  language  that  he  ventured 
forth  on  that  course  of  missionary  labor 
which  secured  him  the  well-earned  name 
of"  Apostle  to  the  Indians."  The  28th  of 
October,  16-16,  was  the  day  when,  and  a 
wigwam  on  Nonantum  hill,  in  Newton, 
was  the  place  where,  he  preached  his  first 
sermon  in  their  tongue.  The  very  next 
week,  at  his  request,  an  order  was  passed 
in  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts, 
1  As  early  a«  December,  1621,  Elder  Robert  Cusb.- 
man,  of  Pljmouth,  had  ascertained  that  "many  of 
the  Indians,"  especially  the  younger  portion,  were 
favorably  inclined  'to  the  Christian  religion  ;  and  on 
the  strength  of  it  he  gave  an  invitation  to  such  in 
England  as  might  desire  "  to  further  the  gospel 
among  those  poor  heathen,"  to  undertake  the  work. 
In  163fi,  the  General  Court  of  that  colony  passsed  an 
crder  directly  favoring  their  evangelization. 


authorizing  a  committee,  of  which  he  was 
a  member,  "  to  purchase  such  parcels  of 
lands,  which  they  shall  conceive  meet,  for 
the  encouragement  of  the  Indians  to  live 
in  an  orderly  way  amongst  us."  (Mass. 
CoL  Rec,  VoL  II.,  pp.  166.)  The  result 
was  the  re-purchase  of  several  adjacent 
estates,  which  the  Indians  had  sold  to 
white  settlers,  (including  a  large  part  of 
Nonantum  hill,)  and  a  gratuitous  grant  of 
it  for  their  "  encouragement." 

Eliot  did  not  labor  alone.  The  same 
spirit  that  animated  him,  had  been  poured 
upon  others  in  different  places,  though 
neither  was  aware  that  any  body  else  was 
moved  in  the  like  way.  Coeval  with  his 
settlement  on  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  1641, 
Rev.  Thomas  Mayhew,  Jr.  opened  a  famil- 
iar intercourse  with  the  native  tribes 
around  him,  which  soon  grew  into  that 
series  of  missionary  labors  for  which  the 
Mayhew  name  through  successive  genera- 
tions became  so  renowned,  though  he  did 
not  commence  preaching  in  the  Indian 
tongue  till  Eliot  had  set  the  example. 
Simultaneously  with  this  movement  on 
the  Vineyard,  Mr.  Richard  Bourne,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Sandwich 
Church,  entered  upon  the  same  work  at 
Marshpee,  on  Cape  Cod  ;  and  his  exam- 
ple was  soon  after  followed  by  Capt. 
Thomas  Tupper,  another  layman  of  the 
Sandwich  Church, — both  of  whom,  in  due 
time,  were  regularly  set  apart  to  the  mis- 
sionary service,  which  they  had  first  taken 
up  of  their  own  accord. 

And  here  an  interesting  fact  challenges 
our  attention.  It  is  a  marked  peculiarity 
in  the  history  of  these  early  Indian  mis- 
sions, that  the  missionaries,  whether  cler- 
ical or  lay,  were  self-appointed,  and  to  a 
great  extent,  self-supported, — discharging 
all  the  ordinary  functions  of  their  respec- 
tive callings  in  life  like  other  men,  while 
yet  performing  a  prodigious  amount  of  la- 
bor for  the  Indians.  John  Eliot  was  sole 
pastor  of  the  Roxbury  Church  (Mr.  Weld, 
his  former  associate,  having  returned  to 
England,)  when  at  the  age  of  forty-two, 
he  entered  upon  his  missionary  labors  at 


284 


The  Missionary  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


[July, 


the  two  stations  of  Nonantum  hill  in  New- 
ton, and  Neponset  river  in  Dorchester, 
where  he  preached  weekly  in  the  Indian 
tongue,  relieved  only  from  his  stated 
Wednesday  lecture  at  home,  by  the  neigh- 
boring ministers. 

A  gentleman,  born  at  Southampton,  in 
England,  and  bred  a  merchant,  is  found 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Watertown, 
Ms.,  pursuing  a  prosperous  business,  till 
some  reverse  in  his  mercantile  affairs  re- 
duces him  to  the  necessity  of  selling  his 
property  "  to  clear  himself  from  debts  and 
engagements."  Compelled  to  begin  the 
world  anew  at  the  age  of  forty-three,  he 
removes,  with  his  family,  to  an  unsettled 
island,  overrun  with  savages,  at  the  head 
of  a  small  colony,  under  a  patent  that 
nominates  him  their  governor.  Here, 
with  all  his  public  and  private  cares,  he 
finds  leisure  to  look  after  the  welfare  of 
his  Indian  neighbors  ;  and  when  his  only 
son,  their  spiritual  teacher,  is  suddenly 
removed  by  death,  he  rushes  in  to  take 
his  place, — actually  learning  their  lan- 
guage at  the  age  of  three  score  years,  that 
he  may  preach  to  them  in  it,  which  he 
does,  with  unabated  zeal,  till  death  dis- 
charges him,  at  the  age  of  ninety-three. 
Such  was  Governor  Mayhew,  of  Martha's 
Vineyard,  the  missionary  successor  to  a 
son  who  was  also  pastor  of  an  English 
Church. 

Mr.  Richard  Bourne  and  Capt.  Thomas 
Tupper  were  gentlemen  immigrants, 
among  the  first  purchasers  and  settlers  of 
Sandwich,  in  1637.  Possessed  of  wealth, 
energy,  and  influence,  they  were  no 
sooner  located  than  they  began  their  la- 
bors for  the  civilization  and  salvation  of 
the  natives, — the  one  purchasing  a  tract 
of  land  for  their  exclusive  benefit,  and  the 
other  building  them  a  house  of  worship  at 
his  own  cost ;  both,  by  degrees,  turning 
preachers, — the  former  at  Marshpee,  in 
Barnstable,  to  a  "  congregation  of  four  or 
five  hundred,"  the  latter  at  Monimet,  in 
the  West  part  of  Sandwich,  to  "  three 
hundred  and  forty,"  till  called  away  by 
death,  in  a  good  old  age,  they  left  their 


missionary  work  to  be  carried  forward  by 
their  descendants,  down  to  the  third  and 
fourth  generation. 

Messrs.  Leveredge  and  Rowland  Cotton, 
of  Sandwich,  and  Treat,  of  Easthani,  and 
Fitch  of  Norwich,  in  Connecticut,  were 
fulfilling  all  the  duties  of  settled  pastors 
over  their  own  churches,  while  laboring 
like  apostles  among  the  surrounding  na- 
tives. In  a  letter  of  Mr.  Treat  to  Dr.  In- 
crease Mather,  (see  Magnalia,  B.  vi.  §  3,) 
we  learn  that,  in  1693,  he  had  within  the 
limits  of  his  parish,  five  hundred  Indians, 
to  whom  he  preached  in  four  different 
places,  addressing  one  of  the  congrega- 
tions each  week  in  rotation  ;  and  that  he 
had  four  native  assistants,  who  repaired  to 
his  house  once  a  week,  "  to  be  further 
instructed  {ipro  modulo  meo)  in  the  con- 
cernments proper  for  their  service  ;"  thus 
preaching  by  proxy  where  he  could  not 
in  person. 

Up  to  this  point,  therefore,  these  mis- 
sionaries bear  a  strong  resemblance  to 
those  of  apostolical  times,  when  "  they 
that  were  scattered  abroad,  went  every- 
where preaching  the  word,"  without  much 
regard  to  clerical  orders,  or  missionary 
boards.  The  first  benevolent  organiza- 
tion that  was  formed  with  a  view  to  enlist 
the  co-operation  of  such  as  could  not  go  in 
person  among  the  heathen,  was  "  The 
Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  among 
the  Indians  in  North  America," — the  old- 
est missionary  Board  of  Great  Britain. 
Its  origin  was  on  this  wise :  In  1647,  the 
year  after  Eliot's  missionary  labors  com- 
menced, a  small  pamphlet  from  his  pen 
was  published  in  London,  entitled  "  The 
Day-hreaking,  if  not  the  Sun-rising  of  the 
Gospel  with  the  Indians  in  New  England  f* 
which  was  followed,  the  next  year,  by  a 
larger  tract  from  the  same  press,  prepared 
by  Thomas  Shepard,  of  Cambridge,  enti- 
tled "  The  Clear  Sun-shine  of  the  Gospel 
breaking  forth  upon  the  Indians  in  New 
England."  The  year  following,  (1649,) 
Edward  Winslow,  being  in  London  on 
public  business,  and  perceiving  that  an 
interest  had  been  awakened  by  these  pub- 


I860.] 


The  Mismnary  Spint  of  the  Pilgrims. 


285 


lications,  which  might  be  turned  to  prac- 
tical use,  added  still  another,  namely, 
"  The  Glorious  Progress  of  the  Gospel 
amongst  the  Indians  in  New  England,'^ 
composed  of  "  Three  letters,"  which  he 
hap[)ened  to  have,  "  from  that  famous  in- 
strument of  the  Lord,  Mr.  John  Eliot,  and 
another  from  Mr.  Thomas  Mayhew,  Jr.," 
together  with  an  appendix,  "  holding 
forth  Conjectures,  Observations,  and  Ap- 
plications ;"  the  whole  addressed  "  To 
the  Right  Honorable,  the  Parliament  of 
England,  and  the  Council  of  State,"  with 
an  appeal  for  legislative  aid.  This  was  a 
happy  thought  of  Mr.  Winslow.  Consti- 
tuted as  the  Parliament  then  was,  and 
interested  as  the  people  were  in  the  sub- 
ject matter,  it  was  not  difficult  to  obtain 
an  Act,  dated  July  27, 1G49,  incorporating 
sixteen  "  persons  of  known  piety  and  in- 
tegrity," of  whom  Mr.  Winslow  was  one, 
to  "  receive  and  improve  the  free  contri- 
butions which  might  be  made  for  the  fur- 
thering of  so  good  a  work."  It  was  also 
"  enacted  that  a  general  collection  be 
made  for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  through 
all  England  and  Wales ;  and  that  the 
ministers  read  this  act,  and  exhort  the 
people  to  a  cheerful  contribution." 

The  process  here  described  appears  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  the  result  almost  a 
matter  of  course  ;  and  yet  when  we  re- 
member that  nothing  of  the  kind  had  ever 
before  been  attempted,  and  that  this 
attempt,  a  little  earlier  or  a  little  later, 
must  have  been  utterly  abortive,  it  will 
appear  to  be  a  clear  case  of  what  the 
fathers  called  "  God's  hand  in  America." 
It  was  under  the  patronage  of  this  vener- 
able Society,  (whose  charter,  by  another 
singular  intervention  of  Providence,  was 
renewed  wherK  Charles  II.  came  to  the 
throne,  in  1660,)  that  Eliot's  Indian  Bible 
and  many  other  books  for  the  use  of  In- 
dian missions,  were  published,  and  mis- 
sionary laborers  sustained.  The  Commis- 
sioners of  the  United  Colonies,  so  long  as 
that  confederacy  lasted,  were  employed  as 
its  distributing  agents  and  correspondents. 
When  that  arrangement  came  to  an  end, 
VOL.  II.  32* 


amid  the  political  disorders  of  1686,  "  Com- 
missioners were  especially  appointed  by 
the  corporation,  consisting  of  the  princi- 
pal gentlemen  of  the  civil  order,  and  of 
the  clergy  in  New  England,"  with  power 
to  fill  their  own  vacancies.  "  Perhaps  no 
fund  of  this  nature,"  says  Hutchinson, 
(vol.  i.,  p.  155,)  "  has  ever  been  more  faith- 
fully applied  for  the  purposes  for  which  it 
was  raised." 

We  now  return  to  the  missionary  fields 
themselves,  where  we  left  the  self-sup- 
ported laborers  at  their  toil ;  and  one  of 
the  first  things  which  we  discover,  is  a 
new  designation  coming  Into  use  among 
the  natives,  viz.,  ^'■praying  Indians"  in- 
tended by  the  inventor  of  it  as  a  term  of 
reproach,  like  Puritan,  Quaker,  Metho- 
dist.^ Meanwhile  the  idea  of  collecting 
these  praying  Indians,  as  fast  as  they 
renounce  heathenism,  into  permanent 
settlements,  and  putting  them  under  the 
rule  of  a  Christian  magistracy,  had  been 
broached  by  Eliot,  and  approved  by  the 
General  Court.  At  his  request,  also, 
Nonantum  Hill  was  exchanged  for  a 
larger  tract,  at  Natick,  in  1651,  where  a 
meeting-house  was  soon  erected,  and,  in 
1660,  a  Church  of  between  forty  and  fifty 
members  was  gathered  from  among  the 
native  converts.  A  smaller  number  of 
the  same  class  were  gathered  Into  a  Church 
the  year  before,  under  the  ministry  of  Mr. 
Mayhew,  on  Martha's  Vineyard.     In  both 

1  This  origin  of  the  term  is  placed  beyond  a  doubt, 
by  the  following  testimony  of  Eliot,  in  a  letter  of  his 
to  Thomas  Shepard,  (3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  iy.,  p. 
50)  "Others  of  them  [the  Powows]  seeing  their 
employment  and  gains  were  utterly  gone  here,  have 
fled  to  other  places,  where  they  are  still  enter- 
tained, and  have  raised  lies,  slanders,  and  an  evil  re- 
port upon  those  that  hear  the  word,  and  pray  unto 
God,  and  also  upon  the  English  that  endeavor  to  re- 
claim them  and  instruct  them,  that  so  they  might 
discourage  others  from  praying  unto  God,  for  that 
they  account  as  a  principal  sign  of  a  good  man,  and 
call  all  religion  hy  that  name,  prating  to  God  ;  and 
beside  they  mock  and  scoff  at  those  Indians  which 
pray,  and  blaspheme  God  when  they  pray  ;  as  this 
is  one  instance.  A  sober  Indian  going  up  into  the 
country  with  two  of  his  sons,  did  pray,  (as  his  man- 
ner was  at  home,)  and  talked  to  them  of  God  and 
Jesus  Christ ;  but  they  mocked,  and  called  one  of  his 
sons  Jthovah,  and  the  other  Jesus  Christ." 


286 


The  Missionary/  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


[July, 


cases  the  candidates  for  admission  to  mem- 
bership were  subjected  to  a  probationary- 
trial,  which,  for  thoroughness,  we  may 
safely  affirm,  has  had  no  parallel  since 
that  day,  either  on  Christian  or  heathen 
ground.^  To  illustrate  the  intelligent  per- 
ception which  these  native  converts  ac- 
quired of  religious  truth  under  their  Puri- 
tan training,  the  following  "  short  but 
true  story  "  is  given  by  Gookin,  "  of  cer- 
tain Quakers,  who,  landing  on  Martha's 
Vineyard,  went  to  some  of  the  Indian 
wigwams ;  and  discoursing  with  the  In- 
dians that  understood  English,  persuaded 
and  urged  the  Indians  to  hearken  unto 
them ;  and  told  the  Indians  that  they  had 
a  light  within  them  that  was  sufficient  to 
guide  them  to  happiness,"  &c.  "  The  In- 
dians heard  all  this  discourse  patiently ; 
and  then  one  of  the  principal  of  them 
gravely  answered  the  Quakers  after  this 
manner :  '  You  tell  us  of  a  light  within 
us,  that  will  guide  us  to  salvation  ;  but  our 
experience  tells  us  that  we  are  darkness 
and  corruption,  and  all  manner  of  evil 
within  our  hearts.  We  cannot  receive 
your  counsel  contrary  to  our  experience. 
Therefore  we  pray  you  trouble  us  no 
farther  with  your  new  doctrines.' "  (1 
Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  i.,  p.  203.) 

At  the  time  these  two  churches  were 
gathered,  there  were  about  twenty  other 
congregations  of  praying  Indians  in  the 
several  colonies,  supplied  with  constant  or 
occasional  preaching,  and  whose  children 
were  acquiring  the  rudiments  of  an  Eng- 
lish education,  as  their  parents  were  also 
being  instructed  in  husbandry  and  the 
mechanic  arts.  Just  before  the  breaking 
out  of  Philip's  war,  in  1675,  there  were 
two  Indian  churches  in  the  Massachusetts 

1  See  3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  229-60,  for 
the  written  confessions  of  native  converts,  sent  round 
to  the  neighboring  churches  for  their  approval  before 
they  were  permitted  to  be  organized  ;  and  pp.  78-84, 
for  the  questions  put  to  them,  and  their  answers,  in 
the  "  great  and  grave  assembly  "  that  was  convened 
to  witness  their  confederation.  There  are  members 
in  all  our  churches  who  would  probably  be  unable  to 
give  as  good  an  account  of  a  work  of  grace  on  their 
hearts,  and  still  less  able  to  convince  such  question- 
ers of  their  sound  orthodoxy." 


patent,  one  in  that  of  Plymouth,  and 
three  on  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Nan- 
tucket, containing,  in  the  aggregate,  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five  members.  Be- 
sides these  si.x  churches,  there  were  thirty- 
six  villages  of  praying  Indians,  including 
those  in  Connecticut,  where  no  Church 
had  been  organized,  with  an  aggregate 
population  of  between  four  and  five  thou- 
sand souls.  The  magistrates  in  each 
colony  had  entered  upon  a  systematic 
course  of  measures  for  their  civilization, 
and  the  ministers  were  extensively  en- 
gaged in  labors  for  their  conversion. 
Eliot's  Indian  Bible,  (1,500  copies,)  and 
other  books,  had  been  printed  for  their 
use  ;  a  brick  building  had  been  erected, 
in  connection  with  the  College  at  Cam- 
bridge, for  the  accommodation  of  Indian 
students,  and  two  were  already  matricu- 
lated ;  five  others  were  preparing  for 
College  in  minister's  families ;  and  nearly 
fifty  teachers  and  catechists,  English  and 
Indian,  were  employed  in  the  religious 
and  educational  training  of  these  children 
of  the  forest.  In  Gookin's  Historical  Col- 
lections, from  which  the  above  facts  are 
mostly  derived,  the  disbursements  in  car- 
rying on  the  operation  for  one  year,  are 
given,  amounting  to  £728  8s.  6d.,  with  an 
intimation  that  there  is  more  occasion  to 
disburse  than  there  is  money  to  be  dis- 
bursed.    (Chap,  xi.,  §  6.) 

Such  was  the  progress  which  these  In- 
dian missions  had  made,  and  so  cheering 
were  the  prospects  of  still  greater  advance, 
when  the  war  which  Philip  of  Mount 
Hope  waged  against  all  New  England, 
suddenly  broke  out,  like  a  pent-up  fire.'' 

2  The  feelings  which  this  powerful  chief  mani- 
fested towards  Christianity  and  its  teachers,  are 
variously  set  forth  by  cotemporary  writers.  Gookin 
says,  (chap,  viii.,  §  4,)  "  There  are  some  that  have 
hopes  of  their  greatest  and  chiefest  sachem,  named 
Philip,  living  at  Pawkunnawkutt.  Some  of  his  chief 
men,  as  I  hear,  stand  well  inclined  to  hear  the  gos- 
pel ;  and  himself  is  a  person  of  good  understanding 
and  knowledge  in  the  best  things.  I  have  heard 
him  speak  very  good  words,  arguing  that  his  con- 
science is  convicted  ;  but  yet,  though  his  will  is 
bowed  to  embrace  Jesus  Christ,  his  sensual  and  car- 
nal lusts  are  strong  bands  to  hold  him  fast  under 
Satan's  dominions."    Eliot,  in  a  letter  to  Edward 


I860.] 


The  Missionary/  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


287 


It  was  intended  to  be  a  war  of  extermina- 
tion, and  by  his  consummate  skill  in 
diplomacy  he  had  brought  into  alliance 
nearly  every  tribe  East  of  the  Hudson 
river,  and  some  on  the  other  side.  For 
two  full  years  the  war  raged  with  merci- 
less barbarity.  In  that  time  it  had  given 
a  check  to  this  missionary  enterprise,  from 
which  it  never  recovered.  The  effects 
were  less  disastrous  in  Plymouth  Colony 
and  on  the  islands ;  but  the  field  of  Eliot's 
labors,  for  a  time,  was  nearly  ruined. 
From  his  own  report,  "  the  praying 
towns"  in  1684  were  reduced  from  four- 
teen to  four;  and  in  1698,  the  Commis- 
sioners returned  but  two  hundred  and 
five  Indians  in  Massachusetts  Proper, 
which,  before  the  war,  contained  2,100. 
The  idea  of  Indian  treachery  took  such 
entire  possession  of  the  public  mind,  after 
the  sacking  and  burning  of  fifteen  or 
twenty  towns,  that  the  designation  of 
"  praying "  Indians  did  not  place  them 
beyond  suspicion,  nor  screen  them  from 
enactments  designed  to  bear  on  Indians 
in  general.  The  Naticks,  and  others  in 
their  neighborhood,  though  under  the  care 
of  Eliot  himself,  were  hurried  down  to 
Deer  Island,  where  they  were  kept 
through  the  Winter  of  16  75-6,  in  a  state 
of  seclusion  and  suffering,  which  even  his 
own  entreaties  could  not  avert.^  These 
severe  self-protective  measures  were  pro- 
bably necessary,  but  they  alienated  the 

Winslow,  (3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll..  vol.  iv.,  p.  81,)  says, 
"  Few  of  the  Southern  Indians  incline  this  way,  [to 
Christianity,]  only  som6  of  Tihtacutt.  Young 
Ousamequin  [Philip,]  is  an  enemy  to  praying  to 
God,  and  the  old  man  too  wise  to  look  after  it." 
Others  represent  him  as  treating  the  whole  subject 
with  indifference — confessing  to  Eliot,  on  one  occa- 
sion, that  "  he  cared  for  his  gospel  just  as  he  cared 
for  a  button."  (Magnalia,  toI.  i.,  p.  514.)  His  ha- 
tred of  the  white  man  would  naturally  connect  itself 
■with  the  white  man's  religion, — a  sentiment  which 
grew  more  and  more  intense  to  the  last. 

1  A  particular  and  painfully  interesting  account 
of  the  sufferings  to  which  the  praying  Indians  were 
subjected,  and  the  Christian  spirit  with  which  they 
bore  them,  was  committed  to  writing  by  the  inde- 
fatigable Daniel  Gookin,  immediately  after  the  war  ; 
but  was  unknown  to  the  world  till  it  came  into  the 
hands  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  a  few 
years  ago,  and  was  printed  in  the  second  volume  of 
their  "  Collections." 


Indians,  and  disheartened  their  teachers 
The  missionary  spirit  was  not  quenched. 
Many  of  the  stations  continued  to  be 
occupied,  especially  on  Cape  Cod  and 
the  neighboring  islands.  The  IMayhew 
succession  was  kept  up  on  Martha's  Vine- 
yard through  five  generations,  till  the 
death  of  Zechariah  Mayhew,  in  1803,  at 
the  age  of  87  ;  and  ^Marshpee  station  is 
not  yet  quite  deserted.  But  the  destruc- 
tion, or  dispersion,  of  so  many  Indians,  in 
a  war  that  involved  nearly  every  tribe  in 
New  England,  could  not  but  cripple,  and 
at  length  crush  out,  these  pioneer  mis- 
sions. Nevertheless,  in  their  transmitted 
influence  they  still  live.  Those  pioneer 
missionaries  live  in  the  memories  of  all 
the  good  on  earth,  as  well  as  in  their 
"  record  on  high."  Their  works  live 
— those  thousands  of  praying  Indians, 
whose  slumbering  dust  consecrates  the 
soil  beneath  our  feet,  are  now  in  glory 
with  those  who  trained  them  for  it.  The 
example  of  a  successful  attempt  to  convert 
Pagans  to  Protestant  Christianity — the 
first  that  modern  times  had  witnessed — 
was  a  mighty  moral  power  put  in  motion, 
which  has  been  acting  on  the  world  ever 
since,  and  will  continue  to  act  till  time 
shall  end.^  In  a  prefatory  epistle  to  the 
reader  of  the  "  Clear  Sun-shine,"  &c.,  on 
the  other  side  of  the  water,  Thomas  Good- 
win, and  eleven  other  ministers  of  the 
gospel  in  London,  hold  the  following 
language  :  "  Who  knows  but  God  gave 
life  to  iVe2«-England,  to  quicken  Old,  and 
hath  warmed  them  that  they  might  heat 
us  f"  In  respect  to  the  political  princi- 
ples which  the  New  England  fathers 
brought  here,   Mr.  Macaulay  alludes  to 

2  In  the  introduction  to  the  History  of  the  Ameri- 
can Board,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Tracy,  a  work  of  great 
research,  some  allusion  is  made  to  a  species  of  mis- 
sionary efforts  by  the  Swedes,  in  the  preceding  cen- 
tury, and  several  other  movements,  of  a  similar 
character,  by  other  nations.  But  thej'  cannot  prop- 
erly be  classed  under  the  head  of  missions  to  the 
heathen,  as  this  term  is  now  understood  ;  and  the 
author  himself  felt  no  hesitation  in  saying,  "  these 
Pilgrims  were  the  pioneers  of  the  Protestant  world 
in  their  attempts  to  conyert  the  heathen  of  foreign 
lands." 


288 


The  Missionary  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


[July, 


them  as  "  principles  -which  have  since 
worked  their  way  forward  over  a  new 
hemisphere,  and  backward  into  the  old, 
till  from  one  end  of  Europe  to  the  other 
they  have  kindled  an  un([uenchable  fire 
in  the  hearts  of  the  oppressed,  and  loosed 
the  knees  of  the  oppressors  with  a  strange 
and  unwonted  fear."  And  there  are 
many  other  things  pertaining  to  "  life  and 
godliness,"  now  exerting  a  vast  influence  in 
the  world — secular  things  and  things 
sacred — that  are  generally  acknowledged 
to  have  originated  with  the  Pilgrim  Fath- 
ers, or  were  revived  by  them  after  ages  of 
neglect.  But  it  has  not  been  customary 
to  include  the  idea  of  Foreign  Missions 
among  them.  And  yet,  in  view  of  the 
facts  now  presented,  must  we  not  ascribe 
to  them  the  lead  in  this  work  also,  as  now 
carried  on  in  the  Protestant  world  ? 
Chronologically,  the  landing  of  the  Pil- 
grims on  these  shores,  in  1620,  "  with  the 
great  hope  and  inward  zeal  to  propagate 
the  gospel  in  these  ends  of  the  earth," 
and  their  subsequent  labors  to  evangelize 
the  natives,  was  the  beginning  of  such 
missions.  Even  the  Propaganda  at  Kome, 
the  first  Papal  institution  designed  ex- 
clusively for  Foreign  Missions,  was  not 
founded  till  1622  ;  while  the  oldest  So- 
ciety of  the  kind  in  Great  Britain,  as  we 
have  seen,  grew  directly  from  the  labors 
of  Eliot  and  his  associates.  And  the  im- 
portance which  the  British  mind  attached 
to  the  functions  of  that  Society  in  aiding 
those  labors,  is  seen  in  the  supposed  need 
of  publishing  the  following  card,  which 
came  out  in  1655:  "The  corporation 
(appointed  by  Act  of  Parliament,)  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  amongst  the  hea- 
then natives  in  New  England,  desire  all 
men  to  take  notice  that  such  as  desire  to 
be  satisfied  how  the  moneys  collected,  are 
disposed  of,  may  (if  they  please,)  repair  to 
Cooper's  Hall,  London,  any  Saturday, 
between  the  hours  of  nine  and  twelve 
in  the  forenoon,  when  the  said  corpora- 
tion meet."  (3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  iv., 
p.  287.)  Not  less  significant  is  the  fact, 
that  the  Episcopal  "  Society  for  Promoting 


Christian  Knowledge,"  whose  influence 
has  been  so  widely  and  so  efficiently  ex- 
erted in  various  parts  of  the  world,  was 
first  started,  as  Bishop  Burnet  says,  in 
imitation  of  this  Puritan  example.  So 
was  the  "  Society  in  Scotland  for  Propa- 
gating Christian  Knowledge,"  under 
whose  patronage  John  Sergeant,  and 
David  Brainard,  and  Jonathan  Edwards, 
performed  their  missionary  service  among 
the  Stoekbridge  and  other  Indian  tribes, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  Indeed, 
it  was  the  remembrance  of  those  early 
triumphs  of  the  gospel  over  the  strong 
holds  of  Satan  in  New  England,  that 
emboldened  these  soldiers  of  a  later  day 
to  renew  the  battle,  and  instructed  them 
how  to  conquer  ;  while  tlieir  achievements 
reached  and  roused  the  founders  of  the 
American  Board.  The  biography  of 
David  Brainard  has  probably  cast  more 
minds  in  a  missionary  mould,  than  any 
other  book,  save  the  Bible. 

We  have  no  desire  to  invest  our  Puri- 
tan fathers  with  an  excellence  that  is  not 
their  own,  nor  ascribe  to  them  achieve- 
ments which  they  never  performed.  There 
is  no  need  of  it.  But  to  wilfully  ignore 
or  overlook  "  the  mighty  deeds  "  which 
God  sent  them  forth  on  purpose  to  per- 
form, and  the  performance  of  which  is 
destined  to  bless  the  world  through  all 
coming  time,  is  not  mere  ingratitude  to 
them ;  it  is  an  affront  to  Him.  It  also 
deadens  that  sense  of  personal  responsi- 
bility which  we  might  otherwise  be  made 
to  feel,  as  their  successors.  If,  on  what- 
ever side  of  this  subject  we  look,  there  is 
seen  evidence  that  the  spirit  of  Christian 
missions,  which  now  animates  all  evan- 
gelical denominations  throughout  the 
earth,  found  its  first  practical  develop- 
ment in  modern  times,  among  our  Pil- 
grim fathers,  what  an  appeal  it  makes  to 
their  posterity  to  take  high  ground  in  this 
great  work  ;  to  be  in  the  van-guard  of  the 
"sacramental  host;"  to  fall  behind  no- 
body in  personal  toils  and  self-denials  for 
the  salvation  of  the  perishing  heathen  ! 
If  the  Congregationalists  of  New  England, 


I860.] 


Churches  and  3Imsters  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


289 


numbering  only  about  one-third  of  her 
evangelical  population,  are  now  con- 
tributing from  year  to  year,  more  than 
two-thirds  of  all  that  is  given  within  her 
bounds,  for  missionary  and  other  kindred 
objects,  (as  is  the  ascertained  fact,)  they 
are  doing  "  only  what  it  is  their  duty  to 
do."  Like  the  children  of  Abraham, 
Isaac  and  Jacob,  we  are  brought  under 
heavier  responsibilities  by  our  ancestral 


relations,  than  others  are.  In  his  enu- 
meration of  the  advantages,  and  conse- 
quent responsibilities,  pertaining  to  the 
Jew,  Paul  does  not  omit  this  circum- 
stance. "  Whose  are  the  Fathers," 
was  thrown  in  as  one  of  the  principal 
weights  in  the  scale.  And  so  it  is  with 
us  ;  considering  our  parentage  and  train- 
ing, not  to  be  foremost  in  the  missionary 
work,  is  to  incur  the  guilt  of  coming  short. 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCHES    AND    MINISTERS 
IN  ^nNDHAM  COUNTY,  CT. 

BY     REV.    ROBERT    C.    LEARNED,     BERLIN,    CT. 

(Continued  from  p.  186.) 
Plainfield. — This   town    was   incor-     Andrew  Dunning, Ord.  May  24,  1842 

porated  May,  1699,  including,  for  a  while,  _           „                          ^ '^'   ,'^^\,\„,- 

\  .     ■"  '      ,  ,.      „  Henry  Robinson Inst.  Apr.  14,  1847 

the   territory  now  embraced  in   Canter-  Dis.  Apr.  10,  1856 

bury,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  xhls  Church  has  now,  for  a  few  years, 

Quinebaug  river.     It   derived  its   name  been  supplied  by  Rev.  William  A.  Bene- 

from  the   gravelly  plains  which   occupy  ji^t,  who  was  formerly  Principal  of  the 

the  Western  portion  of  the  town.     The  Academy- 

old  village  is  pleasantly  located  near  the  -^^^^  Joseph  Coit  was  born  at  New 
junction  of  the  Norwich  and  Worcester,  London,  Ct.,  April  4, 1673,  the  son  of  Dea. 
with  the  Providence  and  Hartford  Rail-  Joseph  and  Martha  (Harris)  Coit,  and 
roads.  The  Academy  in  this  village  Is  grandson  of  John  Coit,  the  founder  of  the 
one  of  the  oldest  in  the  State,  and  was  family  In  this  country.  He  was  graduated 
formerly  the  resort  of  many  pupils  from  ^t  Harvard  College,  in  1697,  and  received 
abroad.  ^  degree  at  the  first  Yale  Commence- 
In  the  North  part  of  the  town,  there  ^^^^.^  j^  ^  702.  He  was  invited  to  settle 
are  several  manufacturing  villages  on  the  ^s  pastor  in  Norwich ;  but,  declining  this, 
Moosup  and  Quinebaug  rivers.  These  came  to  the  new  settlement  on  the  Quine- 
have  drawn  away  much  of  the  business  ^aug.  After  supplying  here  some  years, 
and  population  from  the  Southern  portion  ^^  ^^^  ^^^  t^^l^.g  pounds  per  quarter— 
ot  the  town.  pj^j.^.  payable  in  provisions — he  was  in- 
The  First  Church  was  probably  formed  ^j^^^  ^o  settlement,  being  offered  "  a  lot 
at  the  time  of  the  ordination  of  their  first  ^^^^  Moosup  river,  eighty  pounds  to  carry 
minister.  Its  pastors  have  been  as  fol-  ^^  building  and  other  concerns,  and  forty 
^°^^  •  pounds  salary  at  present ;  when   better 

Joseph  Coit Ord.  Jan.  —    1705  able,   to   give   more."     On    the    25th    of 

Dis.  Mar.  16,  1748  -^          ,                     ,                 ^       ■,    , 

David  S.  Rowland, Ord.  Mar.  17,  1748  December,  1 704,  the  town  fixed  the  ordi- 

Dis.  Apr.  —   1761  nation  for  "  next  Wednesday  come  seven 

John  Fuller, Inst.  Feb.    2,1769  nio-ht."     No  record  remains  of  the  ordina- 

*  Oct.     3,  1777  . 

T        -D                               T    1  -TV        o   iTQi  tion,  or  of  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  his 

Joel  Benedict, Inst.  Dec.    2,  1784  '                                                       ■^ 

*  Feb.  13,  1816  long  ministry.     His  salary  grew  by  suc- 
Orin  Fowler, Inst.  Mar.  1,  1820  cessive    additions,   until  in    1732,  it  was 

Dis.    Jan. 27,  1831  .      ^               ,        \r,      ^r,     n       ^  x       ^ 

c,             Ty                          r^  J     A       n    iQoo  ninety  pounds.    Alter  the  Great  Awaken- 

Samuel  Rockwell, Ord.  Apr.ll,  1832  .         •'  '^ 

Dis.  Apr.  16,  1841  ing,  there  arose  divisions  among  his  people 


290 


Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  [July, 


which  disturbed  his  declining  years.  In 
1746,  he  consulted  the  Association  on  the 
propriety  of  resigning  his  charge.  At 
length  he  was  dismissed  by  the  same 
Council  which  ordained  his  successor, 
March  16,  1748,  after  a  pastorate  of  more 
than  forty-three  years. 

In  1749,  the  Listers  of  the  town  four- 
folded  Mr.  Coit  for  not  giving  in  an 
account  of  his  property,  whereupon  he 
petitioned  the  Assembly,  and  they  ordered 
that  he  have  his  list  released,  and  all  rates 
and  taxes  thereon,  and  that  his  estate  be 
free  from  taxes  during  his  life.  This 
generosity  availed  Mr.  Coit  very  little ; 
for  he  died  July  1, 1750,  aged  77 — leaving 
a  considerable  estate,  in  which  were  in- 
cluded one  negro  man  and  two  females. 

He  is  not  known  as  an  author,  nor  has 
any  contemporaneous  estimate  of  his  abil- 
ities come  down  to  us.  Among  Dr.  Ben- 
iamin  Trumbull's  correspondence  has 
been  found  the  following  notice  of  him, 
written  in  1770,  from  Plainfield : — He 
was  "  a  gentleman  of  good  conversation, 
an  ornament  to  his  profession  ;  not  only  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel  of  peace,  but  a 
zealous  promoter  of  peace  among  his 
hearers  and  others ;  so  that  even  those, 
who  in  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry  were 
disaffected  with  his  preaching,  never 
appeared  to  have  any  personal  prejudice 
against  him.  He  died  universally  lament- 
ed, and  his  memory  is  still  precious." 

Mr.  Coit  married,  in  1705,  Experience 
Wheeler,  of  Stonington,  Ct.,  and  had  ten 
children,  of  whom  some  remained  in  their 
native  town,  but  others  removed  to  the 
adjoining  town  of  Preston,  and  there  be- 
came the  founders  of  an  important  branch 
of  the  Coit  family. 

Rev.  David  Sherman  Rowland 
was  born  at  Fairfield  in  1719  ;  the  son  of 
Henry  Rowland,  and  great  grandson  of 
an  early  settler  in  Fairfield.  He  was 
graduated  Y.  C.  1743,  and  licensed  by 
Fairfield  Association ;  was  invited  to  set- 
tle at  Plainfield  by  vote  of  the  town, 
July  23,  174  7,  with  a  settlement  of  £700 
bills  of  old  tenor,  a  salary  of  £400,  and 


his  fire-wood,  and  was  ordained  March 
17,  1748,  Rev.  Mr.  Moseley,  of  Hampton, 
preacher.  The  Council  met  on  the  15th 
of  March,  and  occupied  themselves  first 
with  a  discussion  of  the  difficulties  in  the 
parish,  and  with  the  dismission  of  the 
former  pastor.  Mr.  Rowland  settled  in 
the  face  of  a  large  opposition,  growing  out 
of  the  Separatical  movements  of  the 
times,  on  which  ground  objections  were 
laid  before  the  Council  against  his  ordina- 
tion. The  Separatists  afterwards  put 
such  hindrances  in  the  way  of  raising  his 
salary,  by  the  usual  method  of  a  town- 
vote,  that  in  1755  he  brought  an  action 
against  the  town  to  recover  his  salary. 
It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  these 
troubles  are  to  be  charged  to  his  fault. 

Mr.  Rowland  began,  with  laudable 
carefulness,  the  record  that  noAV  exists  of 
the  affairs  of  Plainfield  Church.  In  April, 
1761,  the  Church  reluctantly  consented  to 
his  dismission,  and  he  preached  his  fare- 
well sermon  May  3,  1761,  from  Acts  xx  : 
25-27. 

Some  time  in  the  following  year,  Mr. 
R.  went  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  on  invita- 
tion of  the  Congregational  Church,  which 
was  then  struggling  out  of  a  state  of  deep 
depression,  and  had  been  re-organized 
the  year  before,  with  eleven  male  and  ten 
female  members.  There  is  no  record  of 
his  installation  there,  but  he  removed  his 
family  thither  in  the  Autumn  of  1762. 
Under  his  labors  the  congregation  in- 
creased in  numbers,  remaining,  however, 
weak  in  pecuniary  ability.  In  1771,  the 
Society,  by  resolution,  commended  "  the 
pastor's  unwearied  care  and  labor,"  and 
requested  him  "  to  proceed  to  such  place 
or  places,  on  this  continent,  as  he  shall 
think  proper,  to  solicit  aid."  In  1774,  Mr. 
R.  asked  a  dismission,  there  being  some 
intimations  of  uneasiness  among  the  peo- 
ple. It  is  not  known  exactly  when  he 
left  Providence,  but  the  family  tradition 
says  that  he  escaped  the  British  ships  in 
the  bay  in  a  fishing  smack,  having  made 
himself  obnoxious  to  the  British  officers 
by  his  patriotic  discourses. 


I860.]         Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


291 


He  was  installed  over  the  Church  in 
Windsor,  March  27,  1776,  by  a  Council, 
but  preached  the  sermon  himself.  One 
of  his  successors  in  this  pastorate  describes 
him  as  having  been  "  an  animated  preach- 
er, often  preaching  extemporaneously." 
Having  suffered  much  infirmity,  in  his 
latter  years,  by  paralysis,  he  died  Jan. 
13,  1794,  in  the  75th  year  of  his  age,  and 
47th  of  his  ministry,  having  for  four  years 
enjoyed  the  assistance  of  his  son  as  col- 
league pastor. 

There  is  evidence  that  Mr.  R.  -was  a 
man  of  very  considerable  ability  and 
learning, — more  than  an  ordinary  man. 
He  published  a  farewell  discourse  at 
Plainfield,  a  Thanksgiving  sermon  at 
Providence,  a  sermon  before  the  R.  I. 
Convention  on  Catholicism,  his  installa- 
tion sermon  at  Windsor,  and  a  sermon  at 
the  funeral  of  Rev.  Hezekiah  Bissel.  He 
married,  in  1754,  Mary  Spalding,  of 
Canterbury,  and  had  five  sons  and  five 
daughters.  William  F.  was  pastor  at 
Exeter,  N.  H.,  1790-1828,  and  Henry  A. 
pastor  at  Windsor,  1790-1835,  and  father 
of  the  late  Dr.  H.  A.  Rowland,  of  Hones- 
dale,  Pa. 

Rev.  John  Fuller  was  born  in  Leba- 
non, Ct.,  about  1722.  He  was  not  educated 
at  College,  and  probably  had  only  the 
ordinary  opportunities  of  farmers'  boys  at 
that  day.  Nothing  is  known  of  his  his- 
tory from  birth,  till  he  was  ordained  pas- 
tor of  a  Separate  Church  In  Lyme,  Dec. 
25,1746.  After  leaving  that  charge,  he 
■was  ordained  pastor  of  a  similar  Church 
in  Norwich,  (Bean  Hill,)  Aug.  17,  1759, 
but  remained  here  only  two  or  three 
years.  To  him  the  eyes  of  Plainfield 
people  were  turned,  after  the  dismission 
of  Mr.  Rowland,  as  to  one  who  might 
harmonize  their  dissensions.  The  Church 
had  been  for  several  years  without  a 
shepherd,  when,  in  hope  of  better  times, 
it  was  re-organized  on  the  basis  of 
the  Cambridge  Platform,  and  some  of 
those  who  had  separated  from  it,  were 
grafted  in  again.  Mr.  Fuller  was  in- 
stalled Feb.  3,  1769,  by  a  Council  chiefly 


from  Massachusetts,  the  sermon  being  from 
Rev.  Levi  Hart,  of  Griswold.  Probably 
the  peculiar  position  of  the  Church  and 
pastor  explains  the  fact  that  the  pastors 
of  the  County  were  not  invited  on  the 
Council,  and  that  Mr.  Fuller  never  joined 
their  Association.  A  few  years  only  had 
passed  away  when  a  grave  was  opened 
near  that  of  Mr.  Colt,  on  the  "  Burial 
Hill,"  just  West  of  the  village,  by  which 
a  stone  stands,  thus  inscribed :  "  John 
Fuller,  after  watching  for  the  souls  of  his 
people  as  those  who  must  give  account, 
.  fell  asleep  Oct.  3,  1777,  M.  55." 

No  means  are  at  hand  for  estimating 
the  worth  of  the  third  Plainfield  pastor. 
He  is  said  to  have  published  a  single 
funeral  sermon,  but  it  has  never  been 
seen  by  the  present  writer.  He  is  report- 
ed as  having  been  a  warm  patriot  in  "  the 
days  that  tried  men's  souls." 

Mr.  Fuller  married  (1)  Sally  Hamlin, 
of  MIddletown,  and  had  two  children  ; 
(2)  Lodema  Newton,  of  Colchester,  and 
had  five  more.  One  of  the  latter  lived  to 
be  a  widow  of  nearly  ninety-six  years, 
and  died  at  Canterbury,  1855. 

Rev.  Joel  Benedict,  D.D.,  was  born 
at  North  Salem,  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  1745,  son  of  Dea.  Peter  Benedict; 
was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1765,  and 
pursued  theological  studies  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Bellamy.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
Newent  Society, Lisbon,  Ct.,  Feb.  21,1771, 
and  dismissed  for  lack  of  support.  May  1, 
1782.  He  then  removed  to  the  vicinity 
of  his  native  place,  and  preached,  as  he 
had  opportunity,  till  in  August,  1784,  he 
was  Invited  to  Plainfield,  which  had  then 
been  nearly  seven  years  vacant.  Here 
he  was  installed,  Dec.  23,  1784, — the  ser- 
mon from  his  brother.  Rev.  Abner  Bene- 
dict, of  Middlefield  Parish,  MIddletown. 
The  ministerial  rate  having  been  given 
up,  his  support  was  provided  by  funds 
and  subscriptions.  It  was  eked  out  by 
labors  as  an  instructor  in  academical  and 
theological  studies.  Here  Mr.  Benedict 
served  a  long  and  happy  term  of  minis- 
terial service,  winning  to  himself  much 


292 


Churches  and  Ilmisiers  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


[July, 


esteem,  not  only  among  his  own  people, 
but  through  the  country.  In  1808,  he 
received  a  Doctorate  in  Divinity  from 
Union  College,  and  in  1814,  the  same 
degree  from  Dartmouth  College.  He  was 
highly  reputed  for  piety,  knowledge  and 
prudence,  and  was  especially  thought  a 
proficient  in  acquaintance  "with  the  He- 
brew Scriptures.  His  manner  of  preach- 
ing is  described  as  quiet  and  moderate, 
chiefly  extemporaneous,  and  full  of  good 
instruction,  but  not  fltted  especially  to 
arouse  the  careless.  The  period  of  his 
ministry  was  marked  by  great  depression 
in  the  state  of  religion  through  that  part 
of  the  State.  Thus  it  happened  that  the 
Plainfield  Church  declined  in  numbers, 
until  it  became  "  very  small." 

In  September,  1815,  a  terrible  gale 
overthrew  their  house  of  worship,  and  ere 
a  new  edifice  could  be  finished,  the  aged 
pastor  rested  from  his  labors,  Feb.  13, 
1816,  aged  71.  A  monument  reared  by 
filial  affection,  among  the  graves  of  his 
attached  people,  commemorates  his  vir- 
tues. A  funeral  sermon  by  Rev.  Samuel 
Nott,  D.D.,  was  published.  But  his  best 
monument  is  in  the  memories  of  good 
men.  Dr.  Benedict  is  not  known  to  have 
published  anything  except  a  sermon  at 
Dr.  Levi  Hart's  funeral.  He  married, 
early  in  his  ministry,  Sarah  Mackown, 
from  Maine,  and  had  four  sons  and  seven 
daughters.  One  of  the  sons  became  a 
merchant,  another  a  Baptist  minister,  and 
a  third  a  physician.  The  daughters  were 
noted  for  their  superior  abilities,  and  mar- 
ried men  of  the  highest  standing  in  diff'er- 
ent  professions. 

Rev.  Orix  Fowler  was  born  at  Leb- 
anon, Ct.,  July  29, 1791,  son  of  Capt.  Amos 
and  Rebecca  (Dewey)  Fowler,  his  mother 
being  a  woman  of  superior  character ; 
graduated  Y.  C.  1815  ;  studied  theology 
with  Dr.  Humphrey,  of  Fairfield,  and 
was  ordained  a  missionary  at  Farmington, 
June,  1818.  After  spending  some  time 
in  the  West,  in  the  service  of  the  Con- 
necticut Missionary  Society,  he  returned 
to  New  England,  and  was  installed  pastor 


at  Plainfield,  March  1,  1820  ;  sermon  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Sprague.  There  were,  at  this 
time,  only  four  men  in  the  Church,  but 
soon  the  seed  which  had  been  sown  in 
former  years  sprang  up,  and  Mr.  Fowler 
gathered  in  large  additions.  In  a  few 
years,  however,  troubles  arose  in  the 
Church,  which  made  his  position  for  sev- 
eral years  exceedingly  trying,  and  put  a 
temporary  bar  to  the  interchange  of  fel- 
lowship between  him  and  his  neighbors  in 
the  ministry.  These  troubles  had  sub- 
sided at  length,  when,  at  his  own  request, 
on  the  27th  of  January,  1831,  he  was  dis- 
missed from  his  charge. 

He  was  again  installed  July  7th,  of  the 
same  year,  in  Fall  River,  Ms.,  where  he 
continued  as  pastor,  until  led  by  peculiar 
circumstances  into  political  life.  A  ques- 
tion respecting  the  boundary  between 
Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  inter- 
ested him,  and  engaged  him  in  some  his- 
torical researches,  the  result  of  which  he 
published  in  the  Boston  Atlas.  This  led 
to  his  election  to  a  seat  in  the  State  Sen- 
ate, and  his  course  in  that  body  led  to  his 
election  in  1848,  and  again  in  1850,  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress.  Here  he 
took  a  highly  respectable  position  as  a 
working  member,  speaking  to  the  purpose 
when  occasion  called.  Near  the  close  of 
the  first  session  in  his  second  term  in 
Congress,  and  while  in  attendance  at 
Washington,  he  was  attacked  with  bilious 
pneumonia,  and  died  Sept.  3,  1852,  after 
an  illness  of  five  days. 

Mr.  Fowler  was  a  marked  man  ;  firm 
in  his  convictions,  resolute  in  their  utter- 
ance, practical  in  his  habits,  earnest,  dili- 
gent, laborious,  faithful ;  a  reformer,  but 
not  a  radical ;  not  always  pleasing  or 
pleasant  in  his  manners,  but  securing 
finally  the  respect  of  many  to  whom  he 
was  not  agreeable. 

He  was  the  author  of  a  volume  on  Bap- 
tism, and  of  one  against  the  use  of  tobac- 
co, besides  occasional  sermons  and  articles 
for  the  periodical  press. 

He  married  Amaryllis,  daughter  of 
John  A.  Payson,  of  Pomfret,  and  had  one 


I860.] 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


293 


child  that  died  young.  This  loss  was 
supphed  by  adopting  some  of  the  children 
of  Rev.  Erastus  Learned,  of  Westminster 
Parish,  Canterbury. 

Rev.  Samuel  Rockwell  was  born  in 
Winsted,  Ct.,  April  18, 1803,  son  of  Alpha 
Rockwell,  and  descendant  of  Dea.  Wil- 
liam Rockwell,  one  of  the  first  members 
of  the  ancient  Church  in  Windsor ;  was 
graduated  Y.  C.  1825;  studied  theology 
at  Andover  and  New  Haven  ;  was  ordained 
pastor  at  Plainfield,  April  11,  1832,  and 
dismissed  April  16,  1841  ;  was  installed 
over  the  South  Church,  New  Britain,  Jan. 

4,  1843,  and  dismissed 1858.     He 

still  resides  in  New  Britain.  Has  pub- 
lished several  occasional  sermons. 

IMarried  (1)  J.  A.  Plummer,  of  Glasten- 
bury,  in  1833,  who  died  in  1838;  (2) 
Elizabeth  Eaton,  of  Plainfield,  in  1840, 
who  died  in  1843;  (3)  Mrs.  Charlotte  N. 
Stanley,  in  1844.  Has  a  son  and  a 
daughter  living. 

Rev.  Andrew  Dunning  was  born  in 
Brunswick,  Me. ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  ;  studied  theology  at  Bangor  ;  was 
ordained  at  Plainfield,  May  24,  1842,  and 


dismissed  Jan.  26,  1847  ;  was  installed  at 
Thompson,  May  15,  1850,  where  he  still 
remains.  Has  published  occasional  ser- 
mons. 

Married  (1)  a  daughter  of  Roger  Coit, 
Esq.,  of  Plainfield ;  (2)  a  daughter  of 
Hiram  Ketchum,  Esq.,  of  New  York. 

Rev.  Henry  Robinson  was  born  in 
Guilford,  Ct.,  Dec.  20, 1 788,  being  the  son  of 
Col.  Samuel  Robinson  ;  graduated  Y.  C. 
1807,andstudied  theology  at  Andover;  was 
tutor  for  one  year  at  Bowdoin  College ;  was 
ordained  pastor  at  Litchfield  South  Farms, 
(now  Milton,)  April  SO,  1823,  and  dis- 
missed, in  poor  health,  Oct.  27,  1829  ;  was 
installed  at  Sufiield,  June  1,  1831,  and 
dismissed  April  18,  1837;  Installed  again 
at  North  Killingly,  (now  East  Putnam,) 
Nov.  20, 1838,  and  dismissed  April  1, 1845  ; 
installed  finally  at  Plainfield,  April  14, 
1847,  and  dismissed  April  10,  1856.  He 
then  returned  to  his  native  place,  where 
he  now  resides. 

He  married  (1)  Miss  W.  F.  Brown,  of 
Hartford  ;  (2)  Mrs.  Judd,  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Gay,  of  Sufiield.  Has  three 
daughters  and  one  son  living. 


THE  LAY  ELEMENT  IN  THE  CHURCHES. 


BY    EEV.    S.    R.    DEXNEX,    WATERTOWN,    MS. 


The  purpose  of  the  Church,  as  an 
organization,  cannot  be  too  well  or  too 
widely  known ;  since  on  this  depends, 
very  largely,  her  gi'owth  and  usefulness. 
Is  the  Church  a  band  of  believers,  asso- 
ciated merely  to  promote  personal  piety 
and  the  orderly  maintenance  of  the  wor- 
ship and  sacraments  of  religion  ?  Is  this 
her  ofiice  work,  and  the  entire  breadth  of 
her  commission  ?  This  is  one  purpose, 
and  an  important  one,  I  allow.  But  there 
is  something  beyond,  and  higher  than 
this  subjective  discipline.  Each  local 
Church  is  an  organized  company  in  the 
army  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts ;  every  mem- 
ber of  which  is  solemnly  pledged  to  make 
vigorous  aggression  on  the  powers  of 
VOL.  II.  33 


darkness,  and  do  what,  in  him  or  her, 
lies,  to  widen  the  Redeemer's  rule  and 
advance  the  triumphs  of  the  Cross.  This, 
certainly,  is  the  tenor  of  the  orders  under 
which  we  have  enlisted. 

Now  the  efficiency  of  the  Church,  and 
the  direction  her  eSbrts  will  take,  are  de- 
termined, necessarily,  by  the  definition 
you  afiix  to  the  local  body.  If  It  serve, 
merely,  to  fold  the  sheep  from  the  cold, 
the  storm  and  the  destroyer ;  if  It  is  ser- 
viceable for  mere  drill  In  personal 
piety,  then  duty  and  efibrt  He  in  that 
direction. 

If,  however,  it  be  conceded,  as  it  must, 
that  the  main  Idea  of  the  Church  militant, 
Is  of  a  body  organized  for  demonstrative 


294 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


[July, 


purposes;  then  her  line  of  efTort  is  to  edu- 
cate and  apply  her  forces  to  work  out  this 
benign  result.  She  will  then  put  on  the 
whole  armor  of  God,  not  merely,  nor 
primarily,  for  purposes  of  self-defence, 
but  to  carry  the  conflict  into  the  enemies' 
country  and  camp,  and  to  bring  ofl  the 
largest  possible  number  from  the  dark 
empire  of  sin. 

This  view  of  the  Church,  as  an  organ- 
ization, opens  a  wide  field  for  Christian 
enterprise,  and  puts  a  serious  responsi- 
bility upon  each  one  who  assumes  the  vows 
of  a  disciple.  It  places,  in  its  true  light, 
the  duty  of  the  laity,  and  clearly  fixes  the 
relation  they  sustain  to  the  progress  and 
supremacy  of  Christ's  kingdom.  The 
work  most  needed  in  our  Zion  is  direct, 
personal,  persistent  effort,  on  the  part  of 
Church  members,  to  reach  and  rescue  the 
unthinking  masses,  and  to  press  upon  the 
conscience  of  the  careless,  the  claims  of 
religion.  A  large  proportion  of  our  pop- 
ulation, in  the  most  virtuous  and  favored 
communities,  is  outside  of  Christian  in- 
fluence, and  really  without  the  gospel. 
How  are  they  to  be  reached  and  saved  ? 
IIow  is  this  unchristianized  mass  to  be 
leavened  ?  Not  by  building  churches, 
merely,  or  throwing  open  the  gates  of  the 
sanctuary ;  not  by  providing  religious 
instruction  from  the  pulpit  and  lecture- 
room.  The  mountain  will  never  come  to 
Mahomet.  These  multitudes  will  feel  the 
magnetic  influence  of  the  gospel  only  as 
they  are  drawn  toward  it  by  the  cords 
of  love  and  personal  solicitation ;  only  as 
the  laity  rise  up  in  their  might  and  enter 
these  whitening  fields  and  gather  them  in. 

This  matter  of  lay  activity  needs  a 
thorough  and  vigorous  discussion,  and  a 
clear  public  statement.  The  conscience 
of  the  churches  needs  to  be  aroused,  and 
their  zeal  provoked.  To  contribute  what 
I  can  towards  such  a  discussion,  1  submit 
some  reasons  for  the  increased  activity  of 
the  laity. 

1.  The  first  reason  i.t  Itialorical.  The 
activity  of  the  laity  has  ever  been  a  pow- 
erful auxiliary  to  the  development  of  the 


Church.  As  it  has  increased,  the  hosts  of 
the  redeemed  have  gone  out  to  victory 
and  conquest ;  as  it  has  waned,  or  been 
restricted,  they  have  sustained  defeat. 
The  comparative  influence  of  clergy  and 
laity  has,  also,  several  times,  alternated  in 
the  historical  progress  of  the  Church. 
But  it  will  be  found,  that  the  best  days 
of  the  Church,  from  her  organization  to 
the  present,  have  been  days  when  the 
laity  were  most  active,  and  entered  most 
zealously  into  all  her  interests.  If  the  ver- 
dict of  the  past  makes  sure  any  one  thing, 
it  is  this  :  the  success  of  religion  depends, 
in  its  onward  development,  very  largely, 
upon  the  labor  of  individual  Christians. 

To  commence  with  the  Apostolic 
Church — while  it  was  a  home  and  a 
shrine,  whither  the  persecuted  and  op- 
pressed disciple  could  flee,  and  find  solace 
and  refresh  his  spirits  in  company  with 
the  brethren  ;  it  was  also,  and  character- 
istically, a  working  and  aggressive  body. 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  if  left  to  inference 
merely,  what  was  the  fortitude  and  fidelity 
of  the  early  disciples.  The  rapidity  with 
which  Christianity  penetrated  the  sur- 
rounding countries,  radiating  in  all  direc- 
tions from  the  metropolis,  is  presumptive 
proof  that  the  members  of  the  Christian 
body  were  intense  workers.  Religion 
was  not  self-propagating ;  it  leaned  upon 
the  same  human  instrumentalities  as  at 
present,  and  encountered  the  same,  yea, 
more  bitter  opposition,  than  it  meets  to- 
day. 

We  are  not  left,  however,  to  mere 
inference.  For,  when  persecution  scat- 
tered the  company  of  the  believers,  "  they 
went  everywhere  preaching  the  word." 
Wherever,  by  the  fierce  storm  tliat  as- 
sailed them,  these  laymen  were  driven, 
they  became  centers  of  religious  life  and. 
motion.  Had  they  not  been  drilled  to 
this  kind  of  effort,  they  had  not  proved 
so  efiicient.  Every  fragment  of  the  dis- 
persed Church  became  vital.  Their  hab- 
its of  labor  and  self-reliance  fitted  the 
brethren  for  leaders;  and  at  Samaria, 
and   Antioch,   and  elsewhere,   the    new 


ISGO.] 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


295 


faith  Hamed  up  from  the  sparks  struck 
from  the  celestial  fire  at  Jerusalem,  by 
the  hand  of  persecution. 

The  history  of  the  post- Apostolic 
Church,  proves,  also,  the  activity  of  the 
laity.  This  is  abundantly  shown  by  the 
early  prevalence  of  the  Christian  religion, 
and  its  wide  infusion  through  countries 
distant  from  each  other.  Had  the  clergy 
been  the  only  teachers  and  exhorters, 
the  only  earnest  workers,  the  Roman 
Provincial  Governors  would  have  had 
less  occasion  to  complain  to  the  Emperor 
of  the  rapid  spread  of  "  the  religion  of 
one  Jesus "  throughout  their  provinces. 
There  were,  doubtless,  manj-  Priscillas 
and  Aquillas,  traveling  to  and  fro  from 
country  to  country,  exhorting  men  and 
women  to  repent.  The  impression  left 
upon  the  mind,  by  the  perusal  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  Church  for  some  centuries 
after  the  Apostles,  is  that  the  clergy  and 
laity  worked  harmoniously  and  earnestly 
together.  The  flourishing  Christian  com- 
munities ;  the  amount  and  accuracy  of  reli- 
gious culture ;  the  schools  and  churches, 
in  the  East  and  West,  in  Africa  and  Asia 
Minor,  all  are  monuments  of  their  industry 
and  faithfulness.  The  Catacombs  of  the 
Roman  Campagna,  the  precious  dust 
which  sleeps  in  their  subterranean  crypts, 
and  the  rude  inscriptions  which  com- 
memorate their  works,  and  record  their 
sufferings,  witness  to  a  devotion  and  martyr 
heroism  that  leaves  no  doubt  that  their 
activity  and  power  were  felt  and  feared. 

When,  however,  the  clergy  began  to 
assume  more  authority,  the  laymen  be- 
came less  active,  and  vital  godliness  de- 
clined. Religion  was  cloistered  more  and 
more,  gaining  little  expression  abroad, 
save  through  bishops  and  preachers.  Un- 
der this  regime  the  life  slipped  from  the 
churches,  making  way  for  the  incoming 
of  that  great,  central,  ecclesiastical  power 
— the  Romish  Hierarchy — which  smoth- 
ered all  fervor  under  its  wearisome  for- 
malism. The  long  winter  of  the  middle 
ages  now  closed  in,  when  the  sap  of  re- 
ligious life  retreated  to  the  roots,  and  only 


a  solitary  sj'mptom,  here  and  there,  as- 
sured men  that  the  "  faith  once  delivered 
to  the  saints  "  was  not  extinct. 

Spring,  however,  was  approaching. 
With  the  dawn  of  the  Reformation,  it 
gave  fresh  signs  of  life,  and  began  to 
throw  up  new  shoots,  and  put  forth  leaves 
and  blossoms.  The  marked  feature  of 
this  new  movement  was  the  re-appearance 
of  the  laity.  The  individual  again  stands 
forth,  and  thinks  and  acts  for  himself  In 
the  different  sections  of  this  great  religious 
movement,  in  Germany,  Switzerland  and 
England,  power  and  labor  were  again 
shared  by  the  clerical  and  lay  forces. 
They  meet  and  mingle  in  this  new  and 
fierce  contest. 

The  most  vigorous  branch  of  the  Refor- 
mation had  its  birth-place  at  Geneva. 
Calvinism  owes  much,  doubtless,  to  the 
simplicity  and  clearness  of  its  doctrinal 
statements,  and  their  strict  conformity  to 
the  Bible  and  human  consciousness.  But 
its  success  has  been  quite  as  much  due  to 
the  fact  that  it  shakes  the  individual  from 
the  folds  of  eccleslastlcism,  and  gives  him 
a  mission  and  a  responsibility  in  the 
Church.  It  mingles — without  confound- 
ing— clergy  and  laity  in  the  offices,  disci- 
pline, and  well-being  of  the  Christian 
body. 

The  rise  of  the  Independents  and  Pu- 
ritans was  another  effort  of  the  individual 
to  cast  off"  state  and  ecclesiastical  domina- 
tion and  secure  the  liberty  of  speech  and 
worship.  These  sects  take  firmer  hold  of 
the  lay  element,  and  draw  fresh  supplies 
of  wholesome  blood  and  vigor  from  this 
source.  The  local  Church  becomes,  now, 
republican.  The  power  passes  over  Into 
the  hands  of  the  membership.  Each  has 
a  post  and  a  personal  interest  and  respon- 
sibility in  the  progress  of  one  good  cause.^ 
Such  a  policy  and  practice  educated  the 
brethren  and  stimulated  thought  and  ac- 
tion. 

The  Church  at  Leyden,  on  this  republi- 
can  model,   became   the   pattern  of  the 
New   England   churches.     This  was  the 
1  Kobinson'B  Works,  iii.  37—43. 


296 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


[July, 


mother  Church  of  the  Colonies,  and  the 
principles  there  enunciated  and  defended, 
in  relation  to  Independency,  the  parti- 
cipation of  the  brethren  in  all  matters  of 
discipline,  admission  of  members,  election 
and  ordination  of  ministers,  came  across 
the  waters  and  were  incorporated,  almost 
unchanged,  into  the  church  polity  and 
practice  of  the  Colonies.  Ilornius,  in  his 
Ecclesiastical  History,  says,  "  The  Church 
at  Leyden  was  the  mother  Church  of  the 
Pilgrims  at  Plymouth.  During  his  (Rob- 
inson's) life,  and  the  continuance  of  the 
Church  at  Leyden,  the  two  societies  were 
essentially  one.  The  Pilgrims  at  Ply- 
mouth did  not  establish  a  new  organiza- 
tion ;  they  went  out  according  to  mutual 
agreement,  as  an  absolute  Church  of  them- 
selves, already  constituted,  being  only  a 
branch  of  the  Church  still  remaining  in 
Holland,  and  they  continued  to  be  essen- 
tially one  in  religious  sentiment  and 
ecclesiastical  practices."  ^ 

This  was  the  head-spring  of  the  best 
Church  system,  in  our  judgment,  the 
world  has  ever  seen  ;  best  for  many  sub- 
stantial reasons,  and  this  especially :  it 
makes  most  of  the  lay  element.  This  is 
its  croMming  glory  and  the  strong  full 
pulse  of  its  power.  While  it  aims  at,  and 
possesses,  a  well  cultured  ministry,  by  no 
whit  inferior  to  the  very  best,  it  calls  out 
also  each  disciple  and  exercises  his  gifts. 
It  takes  up  and  works  into  its  service  all 
its  constituent  elements.  It  has  a  place 
and  a  mission  for  all,  and  lays  responsi- 
bility upon  every  conscience.  In  the 
words  of  Dr.  Vaughan,  "  It  is  a  system 
to  be  worked  by  popular  power,  and 
must  depend,  if  worked  orderly,  upon 
popular  intelligence.  It  bestows  a  kind 
of  franchise  upon  all  who  become  parties 
to  it.  Its  aim  is,  to  make  all  men  Chris- 
tians, and  to  render  all  Christians  com- 
petent to  a  well  observance  of  the  duties 
which  arise  out  of  the  Christian  fellow- 
ship." ^ 

1  Works  of  Hornius,  hi.  p.  489. 
-  Address  before  Congregational  Union  of  England 
and  Wales. 


Such  is  Congregationalism,  in  the  use 
it  makes  of  the  laity.  The  early  history 
of  our  order  reports  great  zeal  of  the 
brethren.  In  many  important  respects, 
they  were  more  employed,  than  at  pre- 
sent. It  was  a  common  thing  for  distin- 
guished laymen,  members  of  the  Church, 
and  strangers  from  abroad,  to  participate 
in  the  public  services  of  the  Sabbath. 

The  following  is  from  the  journal  of 
Governor  Winthrop: — "In  1C31,  being 
at  Plymouth,  with  others  from  Boston, 
and  attending  the  meetings  there,"  he 
says,  "  In  the  afternoon,  Mr.  Roger  Wil- 
liams, Cthe  teachei")  propounded  a  ques- 
tion, to  which  ;he  pastor,  Mr.  Smith, 
spoke  briefly,  then  Mr.  Williams  prophe- 
sied, and  after,  the  Governor  of  Plymouth ; 
after  him,  the  elder  (Mr.  Brewster)  ;  then 
two  or  three  of  the  congregation.  Then 
the  elder  desired  the  Gov.  of  Massachu- 
setts and  Mr.  Wilson,  (a  minister,  who 
was  with  him)  which  they  did." 

The  history  of  the  Church  at  Plymouth 
is  instructive,  as  showing  the  customs  and 
religious  activity  of  those  early  days. 
This  Church  had  meetings  occasionally,  to 
renew  their  covenant  with  God  and  with 
one  another.  Even  the  children  bore 
part  in  these  meetings.  They  had  month- 
ly conference  meetings  for  more  than  a 
century,  to  implore  God  to  pour  out  his 
Spirit  upon  them.  These  were  attended 
by  many  conversions.  They  set  up  pri- 
vate family  meetings  in  their  respective 
neighborhoods.  In  a  single  year  thirty- 
nine  males  and  fifty-eight  females  were 
received  to  the  communion  in  this  sparse 
community.  The  ministry  was  long  and 
fruitful.  Under  John  Cotton,  in  thirty 
years,  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight 
were  added  to  the  Church.  During  Dr. 
Robbins's  ministry,  of  nearly  si.xty  years, 
two  hundred  and  fifteen  were  received  to 
their  fellowship.*  The  other  churches  of 
New  England  were  modeled  after  this, 
and  were  as  active  and  successful,  for 
anything  that  appears  to  the  contrary. 

There  has  not,  however,  been  a  close 

3  New  England's  Memorial,  433-433. 


I860.] 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


297 


adherence  to  these   fundamental  princi- 
ples  in   the    practical  working  of  Con- 
gregationalism.    The  part  the  laity  have 
taken  in  the  public  exercises  of  religion, 
and    the    extension   of   the    Redeemer's 
kingdom,   has,   by   no   means,    been    the 
same   throughout   our   history,   as  a   de- 
nomination.    It  will   be  found  here,  also, 
as   in  general   Church   history,   that  the 
periods  of  longest  prosperity  have   uni- 
formly been  those  in  which  the   brethren 
were   most    actively   engaged.      As    the 
management    of   all  airs,   the   conduct   of 
social    worship    and    Christian    visitation 
have  fallen,   whether  designedly  or  not, 
into  the  hands  of  the  clergy,  a  dearth  of 
religious   activity   and  revivals   has  suc- 
ceeded.    Of  this  there  is  the  fullest  and 
most  unanswerable  proof.     We  find  it,  in 
all  its  strength,  in  the  history  of  our  own 
denomination.     From  the  high  degree  of 
prosperity  which  characterized  the  early 
churches    in    New    England,    we    have 
passed  on   into   what  may  be  called  the 
middle  ages  of  Congregationalism.     Form 
has  triumphed  over  life  and  spirit.     The 
energies  of  the  Church,  as  a  whole,  have 
been    cramped    and   dormant.     The   lay 
element  has  not  been  nearly  as  active  for 
the  last  century  as  in  earlier  times,  and 
the  churches  have  been  far  less  efficient. 
I    have    in   mind,    as    an    illustration,   a 
Church  in  this  Commonwealth,  for  a  long 
time  under  the  care  of  a  pious,  godly  man, 
where   no   one   participated   in   a  social 
meeting,  save  the  deacons,  when  one  of 
the   two  made  a  prayer  only.     This  was 
the  extent  of  lay  activity.     This  inaction 
was   encouraged   by  the  pastor,  and  ac- 
quiesced in  by  the  whole  Church.     The 
laymen  were  not  brought  forward ;  their 
voices  were  silenced ;  their  valuable  co- 
operation lost.     The  decline,  under  such 
an  order  of   things,  needs  no  portrayal. 
That  heresy  and  schism  should  have  grown 
up,  is  no  wonder.     This  is  but  one  out  of 
many  similar  cases. 

Ecclesiastical  authority  seems  to  be  a 
passion.     Few  things,  even  in  our  Repub- 
lican Church,  stir  up  more  jealous  opposi- 
VOL.  11.  33* 


tion,  than  to  meddle  with  the  preroga- 
tives of  the  clergy.  They  must,  however, 
be  kept  in  their  proper  places,  to  the  exer- 
cise of  their  proper  functions.  The  good 
of  the  Church  demands  it.  When  they 
purposely,  or  otherwise,  seal  the  lips  of 
the  brethren,  or  fail  to  bring  to  their 
assistance  this  right  arm  of  power,  they 
resist  the  progress  of  Christ's  religion. 
Revivals  will  be  infrequent,  piety  cold 
and  formal.  No  one  familiar  with  our 
ecclesiastical  history  needs  to  be  told  this. 
But  better  days  have  dawned.  There 
has  recently  been  a  remarkable  develop- 
ment of  lay  strength  and  activity.  The 
revival  of '57  and  '58  was  a  revival  of  lay 
Influence.  It  was,  for  its  extent,  power  and 
purity,  and  the  healthy  condition  in  which 
it  has  left  the  churches,  the  best  revival 
through  which  our  American  Zion  has 
passed.  Its  blessed  spirit  lingers  with  us 
still,  and  will  prove,  I  trust,  what  Willis 
calls  a  Norwegian  twilight — "  a  golden 
clasp"  to  bind  us  to  yet  more  gracious 
awakenings  in  the  future.  It  has  im- 
pressed upon  the  minds  of  the  laity  the 
best  lesson  of  the  century,  and  has  dis- 
covered to  many  pastors  the  human  source 
of  their  strength  and  success.  It  has 
untied  the  hands  of  the  Church  members ; 
cured,  to  some  extent,  their  chronic  lock- 
jaws ;  loosed  their  tongues,  and  baptized 
them  into  the  work  of  saving  souls. 

Here  is  where  we  stand  in  our  historic 
march.  The  facts  derived  from  the  past, 
are  of  great  interest  to  ministers  and 
churches.  Historic  research  brings  one  to 
the  conviction  that  the  spread  of  truth,  the 
speedy  incoming  of  the  millennial  time,  so 
far  as  human  agency  is  auxiliary,  depends 
mainly  on  the  zeal  and  devotion  of  the 
laity.  The  hundred  hands  of  this  conse- 
crated Briareus  must  work  in  all  direc- 
tions. Thus  much  is  clear,  that  the  most 
flourishing  periods  of  the  Church,  have 
been,  from  the  beginning  to  the  present, 
periods  of  lay  activity.  The  participation 
of  the  membership  in  all  the  devotional, 
as  well  as  secular  affairs  of  religion,  is 
inseparable   from    progress    and    purity. 


298 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


[July, 


This,  history  makes  sure  beyond  contra- 
diction. Here,  is  a  reason  of  great  au- 
thority for  encouraging  lay  activity.  Let 
the  brethren  and  the  ministry,  if  they  re- 
spect the  great  principles  God  has  vindi- 
cated in  the  past,  make  more  of  this  right 
"wing  of  the  hosts  of  the  Lord. 

2.  A  second  reason  for  making  increased 
use  of  the  lay  element,  is,  that  such  use  is 
Scriptural.  "  Let  him  know  that  he  which 
converteth  the  sinner  from  the  error  of 
his  way,  shall  save  a  soul  from  death,  and 
shall  hide  a  multitude  of  sins."  Is  this 
announcement  made  to  the  clergy  only,  or 
to  the  laity  as  well  ?  Is  it  a  narrow,  re- 
stricted promise,  meant  only  for  the  occu- 
pant of  the  pulpit ;  or  of  wide  and  general 
application,  appealing  to  the  whole  broth- 
erhood ?     The  latter,  most  assuredly. 

Nathan's  style  of  address  and  applica- 
tion is  the  Scripture  method.  The  indi- 
vidual is  separated  from  the  mass,  and 
made  to  feel  his  responsibility.  To  the 
Master,  not  to  any  human  ecclesiastical 
constitution,  he  stands  or  falls.  The  par- 
able of  the  talents,  calls  upon  every  ser- 
vant of  God,  whatever  his  capability,  to 
use  diligently  all  his  powers.  It  confers 
no  authority  upon  the  minister  to  bury 
the  talents  of  the  brethren,  and  bid  them 
be  silent,  but  rather  to  cheer  them  to  the 
best  use  of  their  gifts. 

The  parable  of  the  laborers,  points  and 
impresses  the  same  thought :  "  Go  work 
in  my  vineyard,"  is  the  call.  It  is  not  go 
to  church  on  the  Sabbath,  and  sit  in 
cushioned  pews,  with  folded  hands,  and 
let  the  minister  do  all  the  work.  Nor 
does  it  authorize  the  preacher  to  stay  the 
energies  of  the  laborers,  by  taking  the 
whole  work  upon  himself.  The  call  of 
the  Master,  whatever  custom  or  ecclesias- 
tical domination  may  allow,  does  not 
designate  one  class  as  workers,  and 
another  as  lookers-on.  It  does  not  place 
one  man  in  the  pulpit,  and  convert  the 
whole  congregation  into  passive  recep- 
tacles, allowing  them,  at  most,  to  make 
only  mechanical  responses.  No  !  its  im- 
perative address   is   to   all.    It  bids  the 


young  man,  who  comes  with  the  dew  of 
youth  upon  him,  and  the  gray-haired 
man,  who  enters  at  the  eleventh  hour,  to 
work  till  evening. 

"  Go  preach  the  gospel  to  every  crea- 
ture," is  also  a  command,  too  broad  to 
cover  only  those  in  the  ministerial  office. 
The  gospel  is  not  only,  or  chiefly,  to  be 
preached  in  the  elaborated  sermon  of  the 
Sabbath  ;  but,  as  well,  in  Chri.>tian  deeds 
and  worthy  lives ;  in  the  brawling  walks 
of  business,  as  also  in  the  quiet  of  home  ; 
in  all  the  relations  and  duties  of  life,  by 
every  son  and  daughter  of  the  Church. 
This,  at  least,  is  the  great  commission 
of  the  ascending  Saviour — his  parting 
charge. 

The  Church  Polity  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment sustains  the  same  position.  Upon 
this  topic  I  cannot  enlarge.  But  in  the 
ecclesiastical  constitution  of  the  S(;rip- 
tures,  the  individual  has  a  share  in  the 
discipline  and  management  of  the  Church, 
and  is  held  responsible  before  God  and 
men  for  its  peace,  purity  and  progress. 
The  New  Testament  recognizes  a  head  to 
direct  affairs.  This  is  the  well-furnished 
and  godly  minister.  Into  his  prerogatives, 
no  layman  has  any  right  to  make  incur- 
sions. But  in  his  own  place  and  legiti- 
mate sphere,  he  is  solemnly  bound,  by 
divine  rule,  to  work. 

The  New  Testament  notion  of  a  minis- 
ter, also,  and  his  ofHce  work,  puts  over 
upon  the  membership  a  portion  of  the 
responsibility  and  labor  of  carrying  for- 
ward the  benign  mission  of  the  Church. 
According  to  the  tenor  of  Paul's  commis- 
sion, received  from  Jesus  himself,  the 
preacher  is  to  be  "  a  witness."  He  is  to 
testify  to  the  truth,  and  apply  it  to  the 
lives  and  conduct  of  the  people.  It  does 
not  belong  to  his  office,  whatever  he  may 
choose  to  do  as  an  individual,  to  go  from 
house  to  house,  to  converse  on  personal 
religion  and  exhort  to  repentance.  This, 
in  early  times,  was  the  duty  of  the  dea- 
cons ;  a  most  excellent  custom,  and  one 
which,  if  returned  to,  would  give  many  a 
Church  and  pastor  peace  and  quietness  ; 


I860.] 


TJie  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


299 


and  those,  sometimes  ofHcions  men,  a 
•worthy  employment.  The  minister  is  to 
preach  the  word.  He  is  to  bless  or  break 
the  bread  ;  the  disciples  must  distribute  to 
the  multitude,  and  see  that  nothing  is 
lost.  In  the  apt  illustration  of  a  layman, 
"  the  preacher  deals  in  truth  by  the 
■wholesale, — the  Church  members  must 
retail  it."  The  Bible  does  not  regard  the 
hearer  of  the  word  as  a  mere  passive 
receptacle,  coming  to  the  sanctuary  once 
a  week,  with  his  pint  or  quart  measure, 
opening  the  cover  to  have  a  portion  of 
truth  poured  into  it ;  then  shutting  it 
down,  and  going  away  till  the  next  feast 
day.  It  contemplates  some  outflowing, — 
some  distribution  of  what  is  received. 
The  minister  is  the  overseer,  governor, 
captain,  and  instructor.  The  sanctuary 
and  lecture-room  are  the  head  quarters  of 
the  Church ;  where  the  rank  and  file 
receive  their  instructions  and  their  wea- 
pons, and  are  drilled  in  the  proper  work 
of  good  soldiers  of  Jesus  Christ.  This  is 
the  biblical  idea  of  a  minister  and  his 
office.  lie  is  not  set  to  lord  it  over  God's 
heritage  ;  but  put  in  the  midst  of  the 
Hock,  to  co-operate  with  them  in  saving 
men. 

Scripture,  then,  in  its  teachings  ;  in  the 
Church  Polity  it  reveals ;  in  its  concep- 
tion of  the  ministerial  functions,  strongly 
enforces  lay  activity,  and  most  earnestly 
appeals  to  every  member  of  the  Christian 
body  to  work. 

3.  The  third  reason  I  shall  offer  for  lay 
activity,  is  a  prudential  one  ;  and  is  found 
in  the  practical  benefit  of  such  activity, 
both  to  churches  and  pastors.  A  well 
developed  and  efficient  Church,  is,  hu- 
manly, the  joint  product  of  a  godly  min- 
ister and  a  hard-working  people.  Neither, 
working  alone,  can  reach  the  divine  con- 
ception of  a  Christian  Church.  The 
practice  of  many,  whatever  their  senti- 
ments, seems  to  say,  "  we  are  folded  and 
registered  ;  we  are  in  the  Church  ;  there 
our  obligation  ends."  When  it  is  asked, 
"  Who  will  go  into  the  mountains  to 
search  for  the  lost,  and  snatch  them  from 


the  jaws  of  the  wolf?"  it  is  replied,  practi- 
cally— the  minister.  Who  is  to  thread 
the  streets  and  lanes  of  our  cities  ?  Who 
is  to  go  out  into  the  villages  and  desolate 
places,  to  call  the  multitude  to  come  to 
the  King's  feast  ? — the  minister.  Who  is 
to  care  for  the  spiritual,  and,  ofttimes, 
temporal  welfare  of  both  Church  and 
society  ? — the  minister.  This  is  but  a 
logical  inference  from  the  too  prevalent 
practice  of  the  laity.  Now,  it  is  a  fair 
tjuestlon,  what  quality  of  Church,  or 
Christian,  can  come  of  such  inaction,  but 
a  "  lame  and  impotent  halfling  ?"  Is  it 
quite  the  thing  for  Christian  manliness 
and  vigor  ?  Is  this  the  discipline  to  round 
and  develope  a  hopeful,  enterprising 
piety  ;  and  make  the  Church  ready  for 
every  good  word  and  work  ?  He  that 
waters,  shall  himself  be  watered.  Is  the 
law  of  Christian  reciprocity, — a  law  as 
broad  and  firm,  in  its  results,  as  the  law  of 
gravity,  or  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

No  one,  who  admires  military  prowess, 
but  grows  enthusiastic  over  the  brilliant 
charges  of  the  Zouaves,  in  the  recent 
Italian  war.  If  any  one  supposes  these 
rapid  evolutions  and  terrific  charges  were 
the  impulse  of  the  moment,  he  has  but  to 
enter  the  Military  Academy,  at  Paris,  and 
observe  the  daily  drill  of  these  men.  He 
will  soon  discover  the  source  of  their 
effectiveness  In  the  hour  of  battle.  The 
Church  needs  just  such  drilled  regiments, 
to  bring  into  her  service.  She  needs  to 
put  her  young  men  upon  such  a  dis- 
cipline as  will  make  them  Christian 
Zouaves,  in  the  hosts  of  God's  elect. 
How  is  this  to  be  accomplished  ?  Not 
with  a  limpid,  phlegmatic  laity,  in  the  pews, 
or  with  a  High  Church  Ecclesiastic  in  the 
pulpit.  The  soul  gains  tone,  vigor,  and  a 
relish  for  labor,  only  under  such  a  vigor- 
ous training.  The  highest  pitch  of  spirit- 
ual power,  as  well  as  enjoyment,  is 
reached,  when  the  Christian  goes  out  to 
the  vast  outlying  population,  and  per- 
suades men  to  repent.  There  is  a  plea- 
sure and  a  profit  in  secret  prayer ;  there 
is   inspiration  in   social    praise ;   in  the 


300 


The  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


[July, 


teaching  of  experience  by  experience ; 
there  is  enjoyment  and  instruction  in 
■waiting  upon  a  godly  ministry.  This  con- 
templative phase  of  piety  is  not  to  be 
overlooked.  But  the  practical  work  of  a 
disciple,  yields  the  truest  vigor,  and  a 
richer  entertainment.  There  is  a  blessed- 
ness mere  contemplation  never  affords, 
■when,  by  our  personal  effort,  the  pos- 
sessed of  the  devil  sits  at  our  feet,  clothed 
and  in  his  right  mind.  This  is  a  satisfac- 
tion known  only  to  the  few  faithful  ones. 
This  is  the  best  drill  the  Christian  ever 
gets.  A  man  is  only  half  a  man — an 
apology  for  a  layman — without  such 
activity.  Harlan  Page  understood  this. 
Other  eminent  men  have  learned  the 
profit  and  the  pleasure  of  such  work,  and 
reached  their  Christian  manhood  by  such 
exertions. 

This,  moreover,  probes  a  man's  piety, 
and  purges  his  life  and  character.  One 
with  a  defective  piety,  may  go  through 
■with  the  hollow  form  of  prayer  ;  may  even 
recommend  religion,  in  general  terms,  in 
public  gatherings,  where  no  one  may 
reply ;  but  when  he  comes  to  stand  up 
before  the  sinner  alone,  he  is  powerless. 
There  must  be  a  consciousness  of  integ- 
rity in  one's  own  character  and  life,  to 
influence  others.  Few  things  would  so 
sift  and  winnow  our  churches,  or  invig- 
orate and  stimulate  the  piety  of  those  who 
remain. 

Another  profit  of  lay  activity,  is  the 
increase  of  the  membership  of  the  Church, 
and  her  outward  prosperity.  The  purity 
and  spiritual  power  of  the  membership 
are  necessary  conditions  of  her  success ; 
but  there  is  another  source  of  growth 
more  unfailing  and  efficient — an  active, 
missionary  laity.  I  would  not  underrate 
the  other  elements  of  a  successful  Church, 
especially  good  and  instructive  preaching. 
I  am  far  from  wishing  to  underrate  the 
influence  and  attractions  of  the  pulpit. 
I  am,  however,  clear,  that  too  exclusive 
reliance  is  placed  upon  it,  to  carry  on  the 
work  of  the  world's  redemj^tion,  both  by 
the  Church  and  the  ministry.     The  clergy 


have  powerful  rivals  in  the  brethren,  in 
dealing  with  individuals.  Laymen  have 
a  peculiar  tact  for  such  work.  They  have 
facilities  for  direct,  personal  effort,  which 
do  not,  and  cannot,  belong  to  the  preacher. 
When  the  minister  approaches  a  worldly 
man,  it  is  professionally.  He  comes  be- 
cause it  is  his  business  ;  at  least  so  the 
recipient  of  the  call  thinks,  and  he  rounds 
up  his  shoulders  to  receive  what  he  may 
have  to  say,  as  a  boy  his  back  to  take  a 
whipping.  When,  however,  the  godly 
layman,  who  is  familiar  with  his  modes  of 
thought ;  his  state  of  mind  and  feeling ; 
his  trials,  temptations  and  sorrows ;  ■who 
knows  just  where  the  hidden  springs 
lie,  which  move  him  most  readily  and 
deeply,  comes  to  converse  with  him,  he 
meets  with  another  reception,  and  wields 
over  him  another  and  better  power. 
Ministers,  for  the  most  part,  are  poor 
talkers.  They  are  removed  from  practi- 
cal life,  and  unskilled  in  the  most  eflfec- 
tive  modes  of  personal  address.  They 
injure,  often,  and  harden,  where  they  are 
anxious  only  to  do  good.  Men  who  mix 
in  worldly  affairs,  have  a  directness  of 
appeal ;  a  common  dialect,  well  under- 
stood, which  gives  them  a  power  over 
each  other,  wholly  foreign  to  the  clergy. 
This,  then,  is  their  sphere  ;  the  whitening 
harvest  field,  where  they  may  and  ought 
to  thrust  in  the  sickle,  and  reap  with  a 
resolution  and  willingness  that  asks  no 
respite.  They  ought  to  see  their  advan- 
tage, and  put  themselves  to  this,  their 
God-appointed  work. 

It  is  not  an  extravagant  supposition, 
that  each  member  of  our  churches,  of 
ordinary  ability,  can  be,  God  helping, 
instrumental  in  saving  one  soul  each  year. 
Here  is  a  problem,  most  interesting  to 
solve  :  how  long  before  the  "  great  com- 
mission "  would  be  fulfilled  ?  the  gospel 
preached  to  every  creature  ?  and  the 
increasing  tide  of  souls,  now  setting  so 
strongly  toward  the  gates  of  death,  be 
turned  back  to  light,  life  and  hope  ? 
Placed  before  the  churches,  in  this  practi- 
cal form,  it  would  seem  that  this  matter  of 


I860.] 


TJie  Lay  Element  in  the  Churches. 


!01 


lay  activity  must  excite  greater  attention. 
This,  if  anything  human,  will  call  out  and 
put  in  motion  the  wonderful  latent  power 
of  the  Church. 

We  do  not  need  a  better  and  more 
eloquent  and  brilliant  ministry,  one  half 
as  much  as  we  need  more  active,  devoted, 
hard-working,  conscientious  laymen.  This 
is  the  deep-felt  and  imperious  need  of  our 
times.  Here,  I  am  persuaded,  resides  the 
moral  force,  which  is  to  raise  men  from 
political,  social  and  moral  degradation ; 
from  whatever  ruins  either  soul  or  body, 
to  a  higher  plain  of  life  and  action.  The 
ministry  alone  cannot  do  it.  Prayer- 
meetings,  morning,  noon  and  night,  in 
every  city,  village  and  hamlet,  the  land 
over,  cannot  compass  it.  These  are  but 
drops  in  the  vast  ocean  of  moral  power 
that  really  exists,  if  the  laity  were  con- 
scious of  their  strength,  and  forward  to  use 
it,  if  they  had  a  mind  and  a  heart  to  work. 

Another  profit  of  lay  activity  is  in 
lengthening  the  tenure  of  the  ministerial 
office,  and  making  it  more  productive  and 
happy.  Short  and  barren  ministries  are 
deplored,  on  all  hands.  For  best  results, 
changes  should  be  made,  if  at  all,  far  less 
frequently.  To  secure  greater  perma- 
nency of  ministerial  labors,  the  brethren 
should  understand  their  agency  in  bring- 
ing about  this  unsettled  state  of  things. 
The  process  is  on  this  wise  :  A  minister 
is  settled  over  a  parish.  This  done,  the 
people  settle  themselves  to  their  several 
callings,  and  resign  all  Into  the  pastor's 
hands.  They  hear  him  as  critics,  as  Jeff- 
ries, or  as  Gamaliels ;  to  be  amused,  ex- 
cited, "  steamed  up,"  seldom  to  be  profited. 
He  works  on  in  increasing  solitude,  while 
the  Church  grows  more  and  more  worldly. 
He  at  length  begins  to  fail,  by  reason  of 
his  great  labors,  his  uncheered  toil ;  his 
spirits  droop ;  his  usefulness  is  gone  ;  or 
•what  is  more  likely,  and  much  more  com- 
mon, he  fails  to  make  the  pews  pay  the 
expenses.  Then  comes  a  change,  the 
Council,  the  fictitious  reasons  for  dissatis- 
faction, and  the  people  are  abroad  for 
a   more   popular  orator ;    one   who    will 


^^  draw,"  ^^  fill  the  house;" — the  getting 
souls  into  heaven  is  a  very  good  thing, 
Incidentally. 

The  remedy  for  this  abnormal  state 
of  things  Is  mostly  with  the  laity ;  for 
this  reason — the  cause  of  this  instability 
and  barrenness  is  with  them.  Let  a 
people  enter  Into  the  work  of  saving 
men  with  their  minister;  let  them  mani- 
fest a  proper  zeal  for  the  prosperity  of 
their  Zion ;  let  their  aggressions  on  the 
powers  of  darkness,  be  bold,  prompt,  and 
well  sustained  ;  let  each  brother  and  sis- 
ter single  out  some  sinner,  and  by  prayer, 
visitation  and  conversation,  bring  him 
into  the  kingdom ;  this  done,  let  them 
return  to  the  dark  mountains  of  sin,  to 
renew  their  search  for  others,  ready  to 
perish  ;  let  them  do  this,  and  they  will 
have  the  very  best  minister ;  or  what  Is 
more  to  the  purpose,  will  be  well  con- 
tented with  the  one  they  have.  When 
all  the  Church  members  are  engaged, 
there  will  be  little  time,  and  less  disposi- 
tion, to  complain  of  the  preacher ;  and, 
what  will  bring  both  parties  Into  chosen 
union  and  a  deeper  sympathy,  they  will 
have  a  better  appreciation  of  his  work, 
and  a  livelier  Interest  in  it. 

The  pastor  who  would  retain  his  posi- 
tion and  perpetuate  his  usefulness,  must 
keep  his  people  at  work.  The  people 
that  would  retain  their  minister,  and 
flourish  under  his  administration,  thrive 
In  all  outward  and  spiritual  prosperity, 
must  co-operate  faithfully  with  him  In 
securing  all  the  ends  of  a  Christian 
Church. 

The  practical  value  of  lay  activity 
appears  in  the  growing  power,  happiness 
and  usefulness  of  individual  disciples;  in 
the  Increase  of  the  membership  ;  In  long 
and  fruitful  ministries.  We  have,  then, 
the  verdict  of  history  ;  all  the  experience 
of  the  past ;  the  teachings  of  the  New 
Testament;  the  strongest  possible  pru- 
dential motives,  to  vindicate  and  urge  lay 
activity.  These  reasons  conspire  to  set 
home  every  considerate  appeal  made  to 
the   brethren   to   cast  ofi'  their  criminal 


302 


Foreign  Congregational  Staiidics. 


[July. 


indifference,  and  meet  the  requirements 
laid  upon  tliem  of  God. 

Might  I  be  allowed  a  word  to  my  bre- 
thren, I  would  say,  make  more  of  the 
laity.  Call  them  out ;  lay  duties  upon 
them  that  they  cannot  escape  from.  Ex- 
alt their  importance  before  their  eyes, 
and  with  earnestness  and  force  of  reason- 
ing, and  directness  of  address,  call  upon 
them,  in  the  name  of  the  Master ;  in  the 
name  of  humanity  ;  in  the  name  of  perish- 


ing souls ;  in  the  name  of  their  own  best 
culture  and  richest  rewards,  to  quit  them- 
selves like  men. 

Might  I  address  a  word  to  the  laity,  I 
would  counsel  them  to  weigh  these 
thoughts  ;  estimate  their  own  powers  and 
opportunities,  and  see  if  there  be  not  a 
duty  towards  their  God,  their  fellows, 
their  own  souls,  their  present  and  future 
peace  and  blessedness,  which  they  have 
not  fully  rendered. 


FOREIGN  CONGREGATIONAL  STATISTICS  OF  LAST  YEAR. 


ENGLISH    CONGREGATIONAL    MINISTERS 
DECEASED, 

From  November,  1858,  to  November,  1859. 


the  38,  whose  age  is  given,  the  average 
age  is  exactly  57  years. 


Name. 

Place. 

< 

o  ^ 

a  a 
«0Q 

Anderson,  J. 

Kilsyth, 

26 

1 

Bay  ley,  R.  S. 

Hereford, 

58 

26 

Blomfield,  James 

Canterbury, 

73 

30 

Bodlngton,  John 

Bermondsey, 

65 

45 

Breeze,  R. 

Cardigan, 

— 

— 

Bromfield,  Edward 

Elstead, 

56 

16 

Bull,  Thom.is  P. 

Newport  Pagnel, 

85 

55 

Campbell,  J. 

Kilmarnock, 

31 

4 

Davies,  D. 

Zion's  Hill, 

68,  40 

Dick,  J.  C. 

Airedale  College, 

25 



Eddy,  Jamea 

Laugharne, 

57 

7 

Elliott,  Williiim 

George  Town, 

67 

27 

Flower,  David 

Clavering, 

46 

19 

Gittens,  Tliomas  William 

Camden  Town, 

68 

27 

Grey,  George 

New  College, 

28 

Griffiths,  K.  M. 

Kirkham, 

80 

37 

Hardman,  J. 

Todmorden, 

43 

16 

Harrison,  T. 

Lancashire  College, 

26 

Ilitch.am,  II. 

Gorlcston, 

40 

1 

Hopkins,  James  H. 

Newport, 

75 

50 

Howell,  Charles 

Emsworth, 

80 

47 

James,  John  Angell 

Birmingham, 

74 

54 

Joseph,  William 

Seaford, 

26 

6 

Kirkness,  J. 

Sawstou, 

811  15 

Lacroix,  A.  F. 

Calcutta, 

60    40 

Leach,  W.  B. 

South  sea. 

68    40 

Leete,  B.  E. 

Aired,ale  College, 

27    — 

Morisli,  J. 

Avoca,  S.Australia, 

— 



Morison,  Dr. 

Brompton, 

m 

45 

Mortimer,  T. 

Solva. 

71 

35 

Owen,  John 

Bath, 

64 

40 

Pinkerton,  Dr. 

Reigate, 

79 

51 

Pyer,  John 

Devouport, 

67 

25 

Bead,  John  V. 

South  Africa, 

— 

3 

Skinner,  William 

Bruton, 

55 

35 

Sutcliffe,  J. 

Longsiglit, 

64 

40 

Todd,  W. 

Cotton  Knd, 

— 



Toller,  Henry 

Market  Harboro', 

45 

23 

Watson,  John 

Hackney, 

55 

30 

Watson,  Thos.  Anthony 

Burwash, 

65 

13 

Whitmore,  R. 

Malmesbury, 

69 

37 

Williams,  J. 

Lyme  Regis, 

31 

4 

Of  the  35  ministers  whose  length  of 
service  is  here  set  down,  the  average  pe- 
riod of  labor  is  very  nearly  28  years.     Of 

1  These  statistics  are  taken  from  the  English 
"  Congregational  Year  Boos  "  for  1800.        H.  M.  D. 


FOREIGN     CONGREGATIONAL    UNIONS 
ASSOCIATIONS, 

\vith  the  dates  of  their  formation. 

England. 

1  Bedfordshire  Union,  formed, 

2  Berks,  Oxfordshire,  and  South  Bucks  Asso- 

ciation, 

3  Bristol  and  Gloucester  Union, 

4  Bucks  (North)  Association, 

5  Cambridgeshire  Union  (N.,) 

6  Ditto  (South,) 

7  Cheshire  Home  Mission, 

8  Cornwall  Association, 

9  Cumberland  Association, 

10  Derbyshire  Union, 

11  Devon  Association, 

12  Dorset  Association, 

13  Durham  and  Northumberland, 

14  Essex  Congregational  Union, 

15  Hampshire  Association, 

16  Herefordshire  Association, 

17  Hertfordshire  Union, 

18  Kent  Association, 

19  Lancashire  Union, 

20  Leicestershire  Association, 

21  Lincolnshire  Association, 

22  London  Congregational  Board, 

23  Independent  Board, 

24  Midddlesex  (Southwest), 

25  Monmouth  Association  (Engl.), 

26  Norfolk  Association, 

27  Northamptonshire  Association, 

28  Nottinghamshire  Association, 

29  Shropshire  Association, 
80  Somerset  Association, 

31  StaEfordshire  Union, 

32  Suffolk  Union, 

33  Surrey  Mission  Society, 

34  Sussex  Union, 

35  Warwickshire  Association, 

36  AVilts  and  East  Somerset  Association, 

37  Worcestershire  Association, 


1797 

1837 
1811 
1818 
1856 
1833 
1806 
1831 
1831 
1825 
1785 
1795 
1822 
1798 
1797 
1848 
1810 
1792 
1806 
1885 
1844 
1727 
1848 
1856 
1835 
1814 
1812 
1829 
1796 
1796 
1793 
1847 
1797 
1849 
1795 
1796 
1831 


I860.] 


Foreign  Congregational  StatisUcs. 


303 


38  York,  West  Riding  Association,  1819 

39  East  Riding  Association,  1838 

40  Nortli  Riding  Association,  1838 

[The  Bedford,  Cambridge,  Herts,  and  Surrey  Asso- 
ciations, include  Baptist  churches.] 

Wales. — I.  North. 

1  Anglesea  Association. 

2  Caernarvonshire  Association. 

3  Denbighshire  Association. 

4  Flintshire  Association. 

5  Merionethshire  Association. 

6  Montgomeryshire  Association. 

II.  South. 

7  Breconshire  Association. 

8  Cardiganshire  Association. 

9  Caeraiarthenshire  Association. 

10  Glamorganshire  Association. 

11  Monmouthshire  (Welsh)  Association. 

12  Pembroke  Association. 

13  Radnorshire  Association. 

Scotland. 
(Congregational  Union  of  Scotland,  formed  1819.) 

1  Aberdeen  and  Banff  Association. 

2  Caithness  Association. 

3  Eastern  Association. 

4  Fifesbire  Association. 

5  Morayshire  Association. 

6  Perth,  Forfar,  and  Kincardine  Association. 

7  Western  Association. 

8  Southern  Counties  Association. 

9  Northern  Isles  Association. 

Irelanb. 
Northern  Congregational  Association. 
Southern  Congregational  Association. 

Colonies. 

1  Congregational  Union  of  Canada,  East  and  West, 

and  the  Lower  Provinces. 

2  Congregational  Union  of  New  South  Wales. 

3  Congregiitional  Union  of  South  Australia. 

4  Congregational  Union  of  Victoria. 

5  Congregational  Union  of  Tasmania. 


CONGREG.^TIOXAL   CHURCHES    ON  THE  CON- 
TINENT OF  EUROPE. 

English  Worship  and  Ministers. 
France. 
Paris,  John  Shedlock,  M.  A.,  of  Glasgow  University, 
and  Theological  Academy,  180  Rue  du  Faubourg 
St.  Honore. 

German?. 
Hamburg,  on  the  Johannis  Bollwerk,  James  Smith, 
M.  A.,  of  Glasgow  University,  and  Rolherham  Col- 
lege. 
Frankfort,  George  Palmer  Davies,  B.  A.,  Homerton 
College,  Agent  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  So- 
ciety, without  pastoral  charge. 
Heidelberg,  Tomkins,  Frederic,  M.  A.,  LL.D.,  with- 
out pastoral  charge. 

Holland. 
Koiterdam,  on  the  Haringsoleit,  S.  Davies,  of  Rather- 
ham  College. 

Russia. 
St.  Petersburgh,  E.  Corbald,  of  Cheshunt  College. 
Alexandkoffskt,  James  Key,  of  Cheshunt  College. 


FRANCE. 

The  Union  of  Evangelical  Churches  in  France. 

(Formed  in  1849,  on  the  refusal  of  the  National  Pro- 
testant Church  in  France  to  recognize  the  Eternal 
Divinity  of  Christ  as  a  fundamental  article  of  its 
faith.) 

Paris  (Taitbout  and  Luxembourg),  E.  De  Pressense, 
G.  Fisch. 

Paris,  (Reformee-evangelique),  F.  Monod,  D.D.,  J. 
Armand  Delille,  and  M   Duchemiu. 

Eglise.  Pasteur. 

Bergerac  (Dordogne),  De  Robert. 

Bordeaxix  (Giroude),  E.  Faure. 

Breuillac  (le),  (Charente-Infer  )  J.  B.  Doine. 

Clairac  (Lot-et-Garonne),  A.  Marrauld. 

Clermont-Ferrand  ( Puy-de-Dome),  Charbonney. 

Esperausses  (Tarn),  L.  Castel. 

Gabre  (Ariege),  De  Robert. 

Ganges  (Ilerault),  E.  Eymann. 

Gaubert  (Eure-et-Loir),  Dusart. 

La  Force  (Dordogne),  J.  Bost. 

Mazamet  (Tarn),  Ambresin. 

Montendre  (Charente-Infer.) 

Pau  (BassesPyrenes),  Pozzy. 

Pointis  (Ariege),  De  Robert. 

Saint-Armans  (Tarn),  U.  Robert,  evang. 

Saint-Antoine  (Dordogne),  Boubila. 

Saint-Etienne  (Loire),  Th.  Rivier  Dardier. 

Sainte-Foy  (Gironde),  A.  Henriquet. 

Thiers  (Puy-de-D6me),  N.  Audrieux. 

Vigan  (le),  (Gard),  Reymond. 

[There  are  a  few  Independent   congregations  in 

France,  unconnected  with  any  other  organization, 

but  the  information  is  not  very  exact.] 

The  Evangelical  Church  op  Lyons. 
This  Church  consists  of  630  communicants,  and 

worships  in  the  following  places. 

1.  The  New  Central  Chapel,  Rue  Lanterne. 

2.  The  Chapel  of  the  Quai  St.  Antoiue. 

3.  "  "       Quartier,  La  Croix  Rousse. 

4.  "  "       Les  Brotteaux. 

5.  "  "       La  Guillotiere. 

6.  The  Chapels  of  Bresse,  St.  Just,  Taise,  and  Per- 

rache. 
The  Council  of  the  Church  consists  of— Pastors 
Cazalet,  Cordes,  De  Faye,  and  Descombaz  ;  Messrs. 
Dardel,  Denys,  De  Saussure,  Milsom,  and  Poy. 

There  are  also  three  stations  in  the  environs — at 
Tillefranche,  Fleurieux,  and  St.  Bel,  near  Tarare. 
Evangelical  Society  of  France. 
Eglise.  Pasteur. 

Alen^on,  Audebez. 

Auxerre,  Vacant. 

Limoges,  Le  Savoureux. 

Mamers,  Porchat. 

Paris,  Eersier,  Cabanis,  Damur,  Lenoir. 

St.  Denis,  Cottier. 

Sens,  Vermeil. 

Thiat,  Du.ssauze. 

Tonnerre,  Rouget. 

Villefavard,  Boubila. 

Bible  Readers. 
Alen<;on,  Comte. 

Fouqueure,  Bouifas  and  Estrabaud. 


304 


Foreign  Congregational  Staiidics. 


[July, 


Limoges,  Boissot. 

Mazamet,  Escande. 

Paris,  Marchal  et  Pilate. 

St.  Denis,  Delagiieau. 

Jarnac,  Bord. 

Vabre,  Chazottes. 

(The  Central  Protestant  Society  of  Evangelization, 
supported  chiefly  by  members  of  the  National  Re- 
formed Church  of  France,  on  voluntary  principle.s, 
has  about  forty  Stations  and  Agents  distributed  over 
various  parts  of  the  Empire.) 

GENEVA. 
The  Evangelical  Church. 
Pastors— Messrs.  Pilet,  BerthoUet,  and  De  Mole. 
A  Faculte  de  Theologie  is  conducted  at  Geneva  by 
five  professors,  and  contains  about  thirty-five  stu- 
dents.    The  professors  are  Messrs.  Merle  D'Aubigne, 
Gaussen  Pilet,  La  Harpe,  and  Binder. 
The  Evangelical  Society, 

Established  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
France,  Algeria,  and  Savoy. 
It  has  thirty-nine  agents  employed  in  France,  as 
ministers,  teachers,  or  evangelists,  and  twenty-eight 
stations  ;  four  agents  and  three  stations  in  Savoy  ; 
and  two  agents  and  one  station  in  Algeria. 

The  following  are  the  ministers  emplo3ed  by  the 
Society  : 

West. 


Eslise. 

Pastair. 

Berneuil-Pons 

-J 

Unknown. 

Eoyan, 

Ruffet. 

Saintes, 

Moroy. 

Segonzac , 

POITOU. 

Sallees. 

Goux, 

BOURGOGNE. 

Benignus. 

MSlcon, 

Dupruix. 

Chalon, 

Descombcz. 

Sarnay, 

Charpiot  Arnot. 

Montpont, 

Dupraz. 

Tournas, 

Dauphine. 

Jandard. 

Chabeuil, 

Provence. 

Sibley  ras. 

Marseilles, 

Algeria. 

Ruaze. 

Oran, 

Savoy. 

Piriminer. 

Chamberj-Aix,  Peron. 

NORTHERN  ITALY. 
Many  zealous  and  devoted  brethren  are  preaching 
and  teaching  the  Gospel,  on  purely  voluntary  prin- 
ciples, in  Turin,  Nice,  Genoa,  Alexandria,  Florence  ; 
and  other  places  receive  the  benefit  of  their  labors. 
May  their  liberty  to  preach  be  never  disturbed,  and 
freedom  to  proclaim  and  circulate  God's  truth  be 
permanently  secured. 

Switzerland. 
Small  Independent  churches  have  been  formed  in 
Neuchatel,  Locle,  Cote-aux-Fees,  Bolle,  Berne,  Sou- 
vlUier,  Thun,  Langnau,  Berthoud,  Concise,  Tevay, 
Rolle. 

Pastors— S.   Thomas,    De  Rodt,    Ijelin,  and   Wild, 
assisted  by  laymen. 


Free  Churches  op  Vaud. 
The  churches  number  about  forty  ;  Stations  of  the 
Commission  d'Evangelization,  14.     They  have  also  a 
Faculte  de  Theologie,  consisting  of  five  professors  and 
about  fourteen  students. 

Belgium. 

Secretary  of  the  Evangelical  Society,  Rue  de  Moulin, 

54,  M.  L.  Anet. 

Church.  Minister. 

Brussels,  Ed.  Panchaud,  L.  Anet,  E.  Filhol. 

Rue  Blaes,  A.  J.  Yan  Eedle,  (Flemish.) 

Charleroi,  G.  Poinsot,  P.  Iloyois. 

Ghent,  A.  Yan  Schelven  (Flemish.) 

Gozoe  et  Stree,  "  " 

Uoudeng-Aimeries  et  Iloudeng- 

Goegnies  (Centre),  C.  Dupont. 

Jumet,  J.  tJaccard. 

Liege,  L.  Durand,  Courvoisier. 

Grivegnce,  Nicolet. 

Lizc-Seraing,  A.  Cacheux. 

Namur,  L.  Levasseur. 

Nessonveaux,  D.  Lenoir. 

An  vers,  A.  Zigeler  (Flemish.) 

Louvain  et  Weert-St. -George,  A.  Ilakstcen  (Flemish.) 
Sprimont,  C.  J.  Ledoux. 

Wasmes,  A.  Lefevre. 

Schools  of  various  kinds  are  established  at — Brus- 
sels (4  schools,  1  Flemish),  Charleroi,  Courcelles, 
Ghent,  Jumet.  Liege,  Lize-Seraing,  Nessonvaux, 
Sprimont,  and  Wasmes. 

(The  Society  emploj'S  nine  colporteurs.  Flemish  .ind 
French.  There  is  a  depot  for  religious  publications 
at  Brussels,  from  which  last  year  there  issued  many 
thousand  copies  of  various  works,  of  all  sizes.) 

IlANOVEB. 

At  Ilameln,  Hanover,  Adolph  Dammann,  D.D.,  is 
reported  to  be  pastor  of  an  Independent  Church. 
Holland. 

The  Census  of  18.52  gives  the  number  of  Dis.senters 
from  the  Established  Reformed  Church,  as  42,619, 
with  187  churches  and  120  ministers. 

In  Amsterdam,  M.  De  Liefde,  and  at  Ermclo,  M. 
Witteween,  may  be  regarded  as  Ind>-pendcnt  min- 
isters. 


General  Summary  op  English  Statistics.  (1859.) 
Resignations  and  Removals  of  Ministers,  101 

New  *'ettlement.s,  67 

Chapels  Erected  and  in  course  of  Erection,  38 

Colleges  and  Theological  Academies,  10 

Students  in  the  same,  206 

Ministers  deceased  during  the  year.  42 

Works  published  by  Congregationalists  in  1859,      90 
Periodicals  conducted  by  Congregationalists,  24 

Associations  of  Churches  in  (ireat  Britain  and 
Ireland,  besides  numerous  private  Ministerial 
Associations  in  almost  every  County,  68 

Churches— England,  1.600 

"  Wales,  C36 

"  Scotland  and  Channel  Islands,  147 

"  Colonies,  2u8 

Total,  2,591 
(Those  numbers  cannot  be  vouched  for  as  per- 
fectly accurate,  in  consequence  of  many 
small  cliurchcs,  served  by  ministers  of  neigh- 
boring churches  and  lay  brethren,  not  being 
reported,  and  the  colonial  returns  cannot 
be  always  completed  witiiin  the  year.) 
Jlinisters  and  jlissionaries  throughout  the 
British  Empire,  so  far  as  they  can  be  ascer- 
tained, 2,734. 


I860.] 


The  ^ Christian^  Connection. 


305 


THE   'CHRISTIAN'   CONNECTION. 


rURNISHED  BY  HEV.  E.  EDMUNDS,  PASTOR  OF  THE  FIRST  'CHRISTIAN*  CHURCH,  BOSTON. 


No  Denominational  register  is  published 
by  this  body  of  believers.  Its  statistics, 
however,  are  estimated  as  follovrs  : — 

Ministers, 1,500 

Churches, 1,600 

Membership, 50,000  (') 

The  Herald  of  Gospel  Liberty,  pub- 
lished at  Newburyport,  Ms.,  (commenced 
Sept.  1,  1808,)  is  its  New  England  organ, 
and  it  has  three  other  denominational 
papers ;  one  in  New  York,  one  in  Ohio, 
and  one  in  Virginia. 

Four  Literary  Institutions  arc  mainly 
connected  with  this  denomination,  viz., 
an  Academy  in  New  Hampshire ;  one 
near  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Antioch  College, 
in  Ohio  ;  and  Graham  Institute,  in  South 
Carolina.  A  new  Seminary,  called  "  Union 
College,"  is  also  about  commencing  in  In- 
diana, in  connection  with  the  '  Christian' 
interest. 

The  '  Christian  Connection'  had  its 
origin  about  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  when  several  Methodist  preach- 
ers in  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas,"  became 
dissatisfied  with  the  discipline  of  that 
Church,  and  withdrew  from  it.  Search- 
ing the  Scriptures  for  a  rule  of  life,  they 
became  satisfied  that  Christian  was  the 
only  appropriate  name  for  the  followers 
of  Christ,  and  that  they  would  receive  no 
other  as  their  designation,  and  would  take 
the  Bible  only  as  their  rule  of  life. 

A  few  years  after,  several  Presbyterian 
ministers   in   Kentucky^   seceded    under 

1  Appleton's  Cyclopedia,  (Art.  '  Christians,')  gives 
the  number  of  communicants  as  250,000,  and  states 
that  there  are  more  than  sixty  Conferences  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada. 

2  This  took  place  in  1793,  and  the  seceders  were 
led,  by  Rev.  J.  0.  Kelley,  to  exchange  the  name, 
"  Republican  Methodists,"  which  they  had  first 
adopted,  for  that  of  '  Christian.' 

3  Revs.  B.  W.  Stone  and  D.  Purviance,  with  three 
others,  withdrew  from  the  "  Synod  of  Kentucky,' ' 

VOL.  II.  84 


somewhat  similar  circumstances,  and  came 
to  similar  results ;  and  about  the  same 
time,  a  few  New  England  ministers  who 
had  been  connected  with  the  Baptists,* 
were  led  to  believe  that  human  systems  of 
doctrine  were  useless  and  hurtful,  and  to 
fall  back  upon  the  Bible  only  as  their 
creed,  and  the  simple  name  '  Christian ' 
as  their  designation.  These  three  com- 
panies, who  had  thus  independently  been 
led,  by  the  Providence  of  God,  to  the 
same  results,  remained  for  some  years 
ignorant  of  each  other,  but  subsequently 
correspondence  was  opened  and  a  union 
formed,  which  has  since  been  known  as 
the  "  Christian  Connection  in  the  United 
States  of  America."  The  '  Christians'  in 
the  several  States  were  organized  into 
Conferences,  which  were  subsequently 
consolidated  in  a  General  Conference, 
composed  of  delegates  from  the  State  Con- 
ferences, though  not  meeting  every  year. 

The  name  '  Christian  '  is  held  by  this 
body  as  being  the  only  Scriptural  desig- 
nation of  the  followers  of  Christ.  They 
do  not  assume  it  as  if  exclusively  entitled 
to  it,  or  even  as  more  entitled  to  it  than 
others,  nor  for  the  purpose  of  depriving 
others,  either  of  the  name  or  character ; 
but  merely  as  stopping  short  of  the — aa 
they  conceive — unscriptural  sectarian  ap- 
pellations which  others  append  to  that 
name. 

after  the  great  revival  of  1800,  and  organized  the 
''  Springfield  Presbytery,"  June  28,  1804,  which  soon 
became  '  Christian.' 

*  These  were  Dr.  Abner  Jones,  Elias  Smith,  and 
others,  who  organized  a  Church  first  in  Lyndon,  Vt. 
Mr.  Smith  started  the  Herald  of  Gospel  Liberty,  in 
1808,  it  being  one  of  the  first  religious  newspapers  in 
the  United  States.  Among  the  more  distinguished 
members  of  the  '  Christian  Connection,'  may  be 
mentioned  the  names  of  Walter,  Clough,  Badger, 
Millard,  Ross,  Summerbell,  Holland,  Kincaird  and 
Plummer. 


306 


The  ^ Christian^   Correction. 


[July, 


The  churches  are  strictly  voluntary 
organizations,  each  being  an  independent 
body,  and  transacting  its  own  affairs  in 
its  own  way.  Members  are  received  by 
vote,  upon  profession  of  conversion  ;  by  a 
relation  of  experience,  or  by  letter  from 
other  churches.  Each  Church  chooses  its 
deacons,  and  its  pastor,  and  usually  has  a 
Committee  of  discipline.  The  rule  of  dis- 
cipline followed  is  precisely  like  that  of 
the  Congregational  churches,  being  that 
laid  down  in  the  xviiith  of  Matthew. 

The  sentiments  of  the  '  Christians,' 
upon  points  of  doctrine,  are  well  and 
succinctly  laid  down  in  a  brief  treatise, 
by  Elijah  Shaw,  {Newhimjport,  184  7, 
\2mo.  pp.  32,)  from  which  we  condense 
the  following,  under  several  prominent 
heads. 

Depravity. 

If  by  depravity  is  understood  that  men  are 
naturally  and  universally  so  rendered  impotent 
by  the  first  transgression,  that  tliey  can  have 
neither  deske  nor  power  to  do  any  good  or 
acceptable  act  till  they  are  renewed  by  grace  ; 
or  if  by  it  is  meant  such  a  state  of  weakness 
and  wickedness  that  no  sinner  turns,  or  can 
turn  to  God  but  by  the  irresistible  grace  and 
power  of  God  ;  if  this  is  what  is  meant  by  de- 
pravity, then  the '  Christians '  believe  nothing  of 
it.  But  if  depravity  means  this :  That  "  we 
all  like  sheep  have  gone  astray  ;"  that  the 
whole  race  of  man  have  become  vile  and  pol- 
luted ;  that  the  whole  world  is  wicked,  and 
inclined  to  sin  rather  than  to  holiness  ;  that  if 
left  to  their  own  way  and  to  their  own  choice, 
without  the  special  instructions  and  influences 
of  God  upon  them,  they  would  all  go  on  still  in 
sin  ;  if  this  is  depravity,  then  '  Christians  '  are 
firm  believers  in  it.  For  the  Bible  declares 
"  they  have  all  gone  out  of  the  way  ;  there 
is  none  that  doeth  good  ;  no,  not  one."  This 
truth,  perhaps,  might  be  doubted  by  some, 
were  it  not  clearly  illustrated  before  our  eyes. 
We  plainly  see  that  the  world  is  inclined  to 
neglect  God,  and  to  pursue  their  own  ways. 
And  wc  fartlier  see  that  it  is  by  the  agency  of 
grace  that  any  are  inclined  to  forsake  sin  and 
turn  to  God. 

Freedom  of  the  Will. 
The  grace  of  God  does  not  save  us  by  force, 
but  its  work  is  to  enlighten,  draw,  reprove  and 
strengthen  the  rational  mind.  It  cries,  "  turn 
ye  at  my  reproof,"  and  there  is  a  power  in  men 
to  obey  or  disobey.    If  they  yield  to  the  word 


and  Spirit  of  God,  (which  they  have  power  to 
do,)  that  grace  will  save  them  by  conversion 
and  preservation.  But  if  they  resist  the  Holy 
Ghost,  (which  they  have  power  to  do,)  then 
there  is  no  power  that  can  save  them,  inas- 
much as  they  trample  on  the  only  remedy. 

The  Atonement. 

The  scriptures  teach  that  "  Christ  died  for 
our  sins,"  and  that  this  was  according  to  the 
scriptures.  That  "  he  bare  our  sins  in  his  o\\'n 
body  on  the  tree  ;  "  that  "  he  gave  his  life  a 
ransom  for  many  ;  "  that  "  he  gave  himself 
a  ransom  for  all ;  "  that  "  without  the  shed- 
ding of  blood  there  is  no  remission  ;  "  that 
"  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleanseth  from  all 
sin  ;  "  that  "  we  are  not  redeemed  with  cor- 
ruptible things — but  by  the  precious  blood  of 
Christ ;  "  that  "  by  him  also  we  have  received 
the  atonement.  These,  and  a  multitude  of 
other  scriptures  show  that  the  death  of  Christ 
has  laid  the  only  foundation  of  hope,  and  that 
Christ  crucified  is  the  power  of  God  and  the 
wisdom  of  God. 

This  plan  was  necessary,  and  no  other  was 
suited  to  the  divine  economy.  To  ask  why,  and 
to  scrutinize  the  wisdom  of  omnipotence,  seems 
quite  out  of  place  on  the  part  of  man.  His 
divinely  aided  reason  can  plainly  see  that  God 
has,  by  and  in  the  death  of  Christ,  done  all 
for  man  that  is  set  forth  in  the  texts  above 
quoted  ;  and  it  is  for  us  to  acknowledge  that 
he  has  thereby  done  all  that  was  necessary, 
and  not  impeach  his  wisdom  by  insinuating 
that  he  has  done  more  than  was  necessary. 

None  of  the  above  passages,  nor  any  others, 
convey  the  idea  that  Clnist  died  merely  as  a 
martyr,  or  that  he  laid  Aoym  his  life  simply  as 
a  testimony  of  the  truth  of  his  doctrine  ;  nor 
yet  that  his  voluntary  death  was  only  for  an 
example  to  his  followers.  Nor  do  the  scrip- 
tures teach  or  say  that  Christ  by  his  death 
reconciled  his  Father  to  us  ;  nor  that  he  suf- 
fered the  punishment  due  to  tis  ;  nor  that  he 
thereby  paid  the  debt  for  us.  Either  of  these 
would  seem  to  release  us  altogether.  But  that 
the  death  of  Christ  has  placed  the  world  on 
salvable  ground,  while  it  releases  us  from  no 
obligation  of  obedience,  and  annuls  no  threat- 
ening of  damnation  denounced  against  the  ob- 
durate, seems  to  be  the  plain  doctrine  of  the 
New  Testament. 

Regenekation'. 

The  language  of  the  New  Testament  puts 
the  subject  of  the  new  birth  beyond  a  question. 
Its  necessity,  in  order  to  obtain  eternal  life,  is 
fully  established  by  every  part  of  the  new  dis- 
pensation. The  vile,  filthy,  and  depraved 
character  of   men  shows  they   are   imiit  for 


I860.] 


The  ^  Christian '    Connection. 


307 


heaven  without  it.  The  threatenings  against 
the  impenitent  prove  it.  The  promises  on  con- 
dition of  regeneration  show  it. 

Regeneration,  the  '  Chi-istians '  understand  to 
be  exphiined  in  the  language  of  the  Bible. 
Such  texts  a*  the  following  show  what  it  is  : 
"  If  any  man  be  in  Christ  he  is  a  new  creature  ; 
old  things  are  passed  away,  and  all  things  are 
become  new."  "  Passed  from  death  unto  life." 
"  Who  hath  delivered  us  from  the  power  of 
darkness,  and  hath  translated  us  into  the  king- 
dom of  his  dear  Son."  "  But  ye  are  washed, 
ye  are  sanctified,  ye  are  justified,  in  the  name 
of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  by  the  Spirit  of  our 
God." 

Regeneration  embraces  the  pardon  of  all 
past  sins — the  cleansing  of  the  sovil  from  pol- 
lution— changing  and  renewing  the  whole  mind 
— destroying  all  disposition  to  sin  against  God, 
infusing  into  the  soul  a  love  to  God  and  his 
ways,  so  that  there  is  a  union  of  the  soiil  to 
God  and  all  that  is  good  and  just,  producing  a 
change  not  only  in  the  moral  character,  but  m 
the  affections  of  the  soul ;  so  that  a  religious 
and  pious  course  is  the  choice  of  the  mind  ; 
and  heavenly  objects  attract  the  soul  above. 

The  witness  of  such  a  change  is  the  comfort- 
ing influence  of  the  Divine  Spirit.  The' agent 
on  the  part  of  God,  is  the  Divine  Spirit  acting 
in  concert  with  his  word  of  truth.  The  condi- 
tions on  the  part  of  man,  are  genuine  repen- 
tance of  sin,  and  faith  in  Jesus  Christ,  accom- 
panied by  hearty  reform  and  a  sincere  turning 
to  God. 

'  Christians  '  believe  in,  and  labor  for  revi- 
vals of  religion,  holding  that  "  except  a  man 
be  bom  again,  he  cannot  see  the  kingdom  of 
God."  The  means  to  promote  revivals  are,  the 
preaching  of  the  gospel,  confessions  and  ex- 
hortations of  Christians,  prayer-meetings,  call- 
ing the  anxious  forward  for  prayers,  private 
counsel,  and  whatever  is  calculated  to  deepen 
good  impressions,  and  lead  souls  to  God  for 
salvation. 

Future  Punishment. 

'  Christians  '  firmly  believe  that  he  that 
believeth  not,  shall  be  damned,  when,  at  the 
day  of  judgment,  "  Christ  shall  say  to  those  on 
his  left  hand.  Depart  from  me  ; "  when  "  these 
shall  go  away  into  everlasting  fire,  prepared 
for  the  devil  and  his  angels."  "  He  that  be- 
lieveth not,  shall  be  damned."  "  They  are  in 
danger  of  eternal  damnation." 

'  Christians  '  universally  believe  that  the 
sentence  upon  the  wicked  in  the  day  of  judg- 
ment will  be  irrevocable.  That  there  will 
never  be  a  soul  reclaimed  to  God's  favor,  nor 
saved  from  hell,  who  is  found  in  sin  and  guilt 
at  the  last  day.    Some  few  among  them  have 


embraced  Univcrsalism  in  some  of  its  forms, 
and  hoped  to  remain  in  their  connection  ;  but 
they  have  been  compelled  either  to  renounce 
that  error,  or  go  out  from  the  body.  They 
regard  it  as  a  doctrine  so  directly  opposed  to 
truth,  that  their  whole  system  is  in  battle  array 
against  it. 

The  Divine  Nature. 

The  '  Christians '  believe  firmly  in  the  Di- 
vine unity.  The  frequency  of  passages  in 
the  Bible  affirming  God  to  be  "  One,"  and  the 
entire  absence  of  any  passage  that  declares  him 
to  be  three,  or  any  other  plural  number,  is  re- 
garded as  decisive  proof  that  God  is  not  three, 
but  one.  "V\Tienever  the  Father  and  Son  are 
said  to  be  one,  and  also  in  that  passage  that 
says  the  Father,  the  Son  and  the  Holy  Ghost 
are  one,  the  connection  shows  clearly  that  it 
does  not  mean  one  person,  or  one  being;  but 
union ;  union  in  testimony,  union  in  nature, 
union  in  action,  and  perfect  oneness,  without 
the  least  possibility  of  the  contrary.  This  one- 
ness of  the  Father  and  Son  may  be  illustrated 
by  the  union  of  a  man  and  his  wife ;  and  by 
the  union  of  all  Christians  ;  and,  indeed,  Christ 
prayed  to  the  Father  that  his  disciples  might 
be  one.  This  proves  the  sense  in  which  the 
Father  and  Son  are  one.  This,  then,  is  the 
sense  in  which  Christians  believe  in  the  Unity 
of  God. 

They  believe  in  the  pre-existence  of  Clirist, 
and  that  when  he  came  on  earth  he  was- 
"made  flesh."  They  understand  the  term 
"  Son  of  God"  to  be  applied  to  him  not  as  a 
title  of  office,  for  the  Bible  has  no  where  so 
used  it ;  but  he  is  called  the  "  Son  of  God  " 
in  a  proper  sense.  The  Father  says  of  him, 
"  This  is  my  Son  ;  "  and  the  Son  says  of  God, 
he  is  "My  Father."  The  Father,  the  Son,  the 
disciples,  the  convinced  murderers  of  Jesus, 
and  even  the  devils,  with  one  voice,  declare 
him  to  be  the  Son  of  God.  That  this  is  the 
true  sense  and  meaning  of  his  sonship  is  clear, 
from  those  numerous  scriptures  that  say  he  is 
the  "  begotten  of  God,"  "  the  only  begotten 
of  the  Father,"  "  the  only  begotten  Son  of 
God,"  &c.,  &c.  They  hold  that  this  view  of 
the  Sonship  of  Christ,  completely  frees  them 
from  the  odium  of  believing  Christ  to  be  a  cre- 
ated being.  Arians  believe  Christ  was  cre- 
ated ;  they  believe  he  was  begotten  of  the 
Father ;  therefore  they  claim  that  they  are 
not  Arians.  They  hold  that  the  nature  of  the 
Se90('<e«  must  necessarily  agree  with  the  nature 
of  him  that  begat ;  therefore  the  Son  of  God, 
whom  God  begat,  is  not  a  human,  but  a  divine 
being.  These  views  seem  to  them  to  furnish 
the  basis  of  a  glorious  harmony  and  beauty  in 
Christ's  work  and  offices,  as  Mediator,  Savior, 


308 


Prebhyterian  Statistics. 


[July, 


Redeemer,  Prophet,  Priest,  King,  and  final 
Judge.  He  reigns  "  above  all  heavens,"  with 
a  name  "  better  than  the  angels,"  "  angels 
being  made  subject  to  him."  As  Lord  of  all, 
he  commands  the  obedience  of  all ;  saves  all 
who  submit  to  him  ;  but  will  at  last  bring  forth 
his  enemies,  and  slay  them  before  him. 

The  period  during  which  Christ  acts  as  Me- 
diator to  reconcile  man  to  God,  is  limited. 
"  He  must  reign  until  he  has  put  down  all 
rule,  and  all  authority  and  power."  "  At  his 
coming,"  Paul  says,  "  cometh  the  end,  when 
he  shall  have  delivered  up  the  kingdom  to 
God,  even  the  Father.  Then  shall  the  Son 
also  himself  be  subject  to  him  that  put  all 
things  under  him,  that  God  may  be  all  in  all." 

The  phrase  "  Third  Person  in  the  Trinity," 
the  '  Christians  '  never  apply  to  the  Holy 
Spirit,  because  it  is  not  used  in  the  Bible,  and 
it  is  a  maxim  with  them  that  what  is  not 
named  in  the  Bible  is  not  to  be  received  as  an 
article  of  faith.  But  every  statement  made  in 
the  word  of  God  relative  to  its  nature  and  ope- 
rations, its  necessity  and  effect,  is  strenuously 
insisted  on,  and  he  that  doubts  or  denies  the 
necessity  or  the  agency  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
both  in  conversion  and  in  Christian  travail,  is 
regarded  as  a  mere  philosopher  or  formalist, 
"  The  Spirit  helpeth  our  infirmities."  "  And 
if  any  man  have  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ  he  is 
none  of  his."  "  The  Spirit  seareheth  all 
things,  yea,  the  deep  things  of  God."  It  was 
the  Spirit  by  which  Christ  "  preached  to  the 
spirits  in  prison,"  and  by  which  he  was 
"  quickened "  from  the  dead  ;  and  it  is  the 
Spirit  that  shall  "  also  quicken  our  mortal 
bodies  "  at  the  resurrection  of  the  last  day. 

Baptism. 
The  '  Christians '  regard  immersion  alone 
as  baptism,  and  hence  do  not  consider  the  im- 
mersion of  those  who  have  been  sprinkled  as 
re-baptism.  Baptism  is  looked  upon  as  every 
other  human  act  of  obedience  is  ;  the  perform- 
ance of  an  important  duty.  But  as  no  act  of 
man  possesses  merit ;  and  as  we  are  saved  by 


grace,  therefore  pardon,  or  acceptance  with 
God,  is  to  be  looked  for  alone  through  the 
blood  of  Christ,  and  not  through  baptism  or 
any  other  human  act.  No  person  is  considered 
a  fit  subject  for  baptism  until  he  has  obtained 
pardon,  and  gives  evidence  of  being  born  of  the 
Spirit  of  God.  Baptism  is  not  regarded  as  an 
indispensible  qualification  for  the  reception  of 
the  Lord's  supper. 

Christian  Fellowship. 

The  '  Christians '  do  not  make  a  belief  in 
the  Trinity,  baptism,  or  a  name  of  any  kind,  a 
test  of  fellowship  ;  yet  they  hold  that  "  if  any 
man  have  not  the  spirit  of  Christ  he  is  none  of 
his."  They  hold  that  God  will  inquire,  at  the 
judgment,  whether  men  were  saints  or  sinners, 
and  not  to  what  denominations  they  belonged 
on  earth,  and  they  look  upon  Christianity  as 
being  one  in  all  denominations,  and  with  those 
who  are  of  no  denomination.  Hence  the  estab- 
lished principle  with  them  is,  that  aside  from 
human  appendages,  and  superadded  redundan- 
ces, all  Christians,  whoever  they  may  be,  and 
wherever  they  are  found,  are  one  and  equal ; 
and  that  when  God  shall  strip  them  of  all  their 
"  hay,  wood,  and  stubble,"  this  oneness  and 
equality  will  fully  appear.  Therefore,  although 
they  feel  no  more  bound  to  fellowship  error  in 
the  professed  people  of  God  than  in  others,  yet 
their  principles  bind  them  to  love,  respect  and 
fellowship  every  person  who  gives  satisfactory 
evidence  of  a  new  heart  and  a  godly  disposi- 
tion, notwithstanding  all  the  errors  they  may 
conceive  he  has  imbibed.  Any  course  pursued 
towards  Christians,  differing  from  this,  is  re- 
garded as  sectarianism,  whether  among  them- 
selves or  others. 

Their  sentiments  upon  other  points,  such  as 
a  Call  to  the  ministry.  Christian  character, 
The  Lord's  Supper,  The  Resurrection,  The 
intermediate  State,  The  day  of  judgment, 
Christ's  second  coming,  &c.,  &c.,  are  believed 
to  differ  in  no  important  respect  from  those 
which  obtain  among  professing  Cluristians  usu- 
ally called  evangelical. 


CONDENSED    STATISTICAL  HISTORY   OF  THE  PRESBYTERIAN 
CHURCH  IN  THE   UNITED   STATES, 

FROM  1828  TO  1859. 


We  extract  the  following  valuable  and 
carefully  prepared  tables  from  the  excel- 
lent "  Presbyterian  Historical  Almanac  " 
for  1860.     They  will   be  found  to  give  a 


vast  amount  of  various  information  in  a 
very  compact  form.  The  two  together 
present  the  prominent  fa^ts  of  interest  for 
both  the  Old  and  New  School. 


I860.] 


Presb^ferum  Statistics. 


!09 


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310 


Presbyterian  Statistics. 


[July, 


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1860.]        State  of  the  Avglo-American  Church  m  1 7  7  6 .  311 


STATE  OF  THE  ANGLO-AMEKICAN  CHURCH  IN  1770.^ 

A  Lettek  to  Rev.  Dr.  Hind,  op  England,  from  the   Rev.  Charles  Inglis,  D.D.,2 

Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York,   and  afterwards  Bishoi^  of 

Nova  Scotia;  dated  New  York,  Oct.  31,  1776. 


Reverend  Sir — The  confusions  which 
have  prevailed  in  North  America  for  some 
time  past  must  have  necessarily  inter- 
rupted the  correspondence  of  the  Mission- 
aries with  the  Society.  ...  I  have  the  plea- 
sure to  assure  you  that  all  the  Society's 
Missionaries,  without  excepting  one,  in 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Connecticut,  and 
so  far  as  I  can  learn,  in  the  other  New 
England  colonies,  have  proved  themselves 
faithful,  loyal  subjects  in  these  trying  times ; 
and  have,  to  the  utmost  of  their  power, 
opposed  the  spirit  of  disaffection  and  re- 
bellion which  has  involved  this  continent 
in  the  greatest  calamities.  I  must  add, 
that  all  the  other  Clergy  of  our  Church  in 
the  above  colonies,  though  not  in  the  So- 
ciety's service,  have  observed  the  same 
line  of  conduct ;  and  although  their  joint 
endeavours  could  not  wholly  prevent  the 
rebellion,  yet  they  checked  it  considerably 
for  some  time,  and  prevented  many  thou- 
sands from  plunging  into  it  who  otherwise 

1  Editors  of  the   '  Congregational  Quarterly  "  : 

I  abbreviate  this  letter  (without  changing  any 
word,)  from  the  very  long  original  document,  as  it  is 
found  in  Hawkins^  Missions.  It  is  a  paper  of  curi- 
ous historical  interest,  as  showing  who  were  the 
Tories,  and  who  the  Whigs"  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion ;  and  what  forms  of  Church  government  tend 
most  to  Independence  in  the  State.  As  a  perfectly 
unimpeachable  testimony  on  the  other  side,  it  brings 
out  the  jealousy  of  our  patriot  fathers  against  all 
hierarchies  as  unfavorable  to  liberty.  Why  should 
their  descendants  go  lusting  after  what  the  Pilgrims 
so  happily  escaped  ? 

Would  not  the  re-publication  of  the  letter  in  this 
form,  on  the  pages  of  the  Congregational  Quarterly, 
subserve  the  cause  of  truth  ?  The  prophecy  at  the 
close  proved  as  fabulous,  as  do  many  of  our  prophe- 
cies concerning  European  affairs  ;  and  the  hints  con- 
cerning politics  in  the  pulpit  are  a  study  for  all  in 
these,  our  later  struggles  for  liberty. 
Yours,  &c., 

S.  B.   GOODENOW, 

Pas.  1st  Congl.  Chh. 
Rockville,  Ct.,  Mar.  20, 1860. 


would  certainly  have  done  so.  You  have, 
doubtless,  been  long  since  informed  by 
my  worthy  friends.  Dr.  Chandler,  and  Dr. 

'-  Charles  Inglis,  third  son  of  Rev.  Archibald 
Inglis,  of  Glen  and  Kilcarr  in  Ireland,  was  born  in 
or  about  1731 ;  came,  while  young,  to  America,  and 
taught  the  Free  School  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  from  1755 
to  1758,  when  he  rep.aired  to  England  and  received 
orders  from  the  Bishop'of  London,  and  was  appointed 
by  the  "  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts,"  a  missionary  at  Dover,  Del.,  where 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  July,  1759.  He  had 
charge  of  three  churches  besides  his  own  ;  one  14, 
one  17,  and  one  18  miles  distant.  He  married  here  a 
Miss  Vining,  who  died  in  1761,  childless.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1765,  he  became  assistant  to  Rev.  Dr.  Auchmuty, 
at  Trinity  Church,  New  York  City.  In  1778,  the 
University  of  Oxford  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  lie  warmly  opposed  the  war  of 
Independence,  answering  Thomas  Paine's  "  Common 
Sense,"  by  a  pamphlet  which  was  burned  by  the 
"  Sons  of  Liberty."  He  continued  to  pray  for  the 
King  and  royal  family,  even  in  the  tace  of  Washing- 
ton and  his  troops,  and  after  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, when  such  an  act  would  have  been  hos- 
tile to  the  government,  he  closed  the  churches  and 
suspended  worship  altogether,  and  soon  took  refuge 
among  the  royalists  at  Flushing.  When  Lord  Ilowe 
gained  possession  of  New  York,  he  returned  and 
drew  up  a  petition  to  the  King  to  pardon  the  tem- 
porary submission  of  the  inhabitants  to  the  rebel 
forces.  On  Dr.  Auchmuty's  death,  Dr.  Inglis  was 
unanimously  chosen  his  successor  ;  and  the  church 
being  in  ruins,  he  took  possession  of  his  charge  by 
laying  his  hand  on  one  of  the  walls,  on  the  20th 
of  March,  1777.  On  the  conclusion  of  peace,  it  be- 
came necessary  for  so  violent  a  Tory  as  he  had  been, 
to  leave  the  country,  and  he  followed  some  30,000 
refugee  Royalists  to  Nova  Scotia,  resigning  his  post 
1st  Nov.,  1783.  He  was  soon  appointed  Bishop  of 
Nova  Scotia  j  and  was  consecrated  at  Lambeth,  12th 
August,  1787  ;  and,  in  1809,  becume  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Council.  He  died  at  Halifax,  N.  S.,  in 
February,  1816,  aged  about  82  years.  lie  was  mar- 
ried the  second. time  to  Mi.ss  Creek,  of  New  York,  by 
whom  he  had  four  children  ;  the  eldest  died  at  nine 
years  ;  the  .second,  John,  succeeded  his  f  ither  as 
Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  died  at  London,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1850  ;  the  eldest  daughter  married  Chief  Justice 
Halliburton,  of  N.  S.,  and  the  youngest,  Rev.  George 
Pidgeon,  Rector  of  Fredericton,  and  afterwards  of  St. 
Johns. — Sprague''s  Annals,  vol.  v.,  pp.  186-191,  and 
Documentary  Hist,  of  Neio  York,  vol.  Hi.,  p.  646. 


312 


State  of  the  Anglo-American  Church  in  1776.         [July, 


Cooper,  to  what  an  height  our  violences 
were  risen  so  early  as  May,  17  75,  when 
they  were  both  obliged  to  fly  from  hence, 
and  seek  protection  In  England 

Although  Liberty  was  the  ostensible 
object,  the  bait  that  was  flung  out  to  catch 
the  populace  at  large,  and  engage  them 
in  the  rebellion,  yet  it  is  now  past  all 
doubt  that  an  abolition  of  the  Church  of 
England  was  one  of  the  principal  springs 
of  the  dissenting  leaders'  conduct ;  and 
hence  the  unanimity  of  dissenters  in  this 
business.  Their  universal  defection  from 
government,  emancipating  themselves 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  Great  Britain, 
and  becoming  independent,  was  a  ne- 
cessary step  towards  this  grand  object.  I 
have  it  from  good  authority  that  the  Pres- 
byterian ministers,  at  a  synod  where  most 
of  them  in  the  middle  colonies  were  col- 
lected, passed  a  resolve  to  support  the 
continental  Congress  in  all  their  meas- 
ures. This,  and  this  only,  can  account  for 
the  uniformity  of  their  conduct ;  for  1  do 
not  know  one  of  them,  nor  have  I  been 
able,  after  strict  inquiry,  to  hear  of  any, 
who  did  not,  by  preaching  and  every  ef- 
fort in  their  power,  promote  all  the  meas- 
ures of  the  Congress,  however  extravagant. 

....  The  present  rebellion  is  cer- 
tainly one  of  the  most  causeless,  unpro- 
voked, and  unnatural  that  ever  disgraced 
any  country  ;  a  rebellion  with  peculiarly 
aggravated  circumstances  of  guilt  and  in- 
gratitude  

The  [Episcopal]  Clergy,  amidst  this 
scene  of  tumult  and  disorder,  went  on 
steadily  with  their  duty ;  in  their  sermons, 
confining  themselves  to  the  doctrines  of 
the  Gospel,  without  touching  on  politics ; 
using  their  influence  to  allay  our  heats  and 
cherish  a  spirit  of  loyalty  among  their 
people.  This  conduct,  however  harmless, 
gave  great  offence  to  our  flaming  patriots, 
who  laid  it  down  as  a  maxim,  "  That 
those  who  were  not  for  them  were  against 
them." 

Thus  matters  continued ;  the  clergy  pro- 
ceeding regularly  in  the  discharge  of  their 
duty  where  the   hand  of  violence  did  not 


interfere,  until  the  beginning  of  last  July, 
when  the  Congress  thought  proper  to 
make  an  explicit  declaration  of  indepen- 
dency, by  which  all  connexion  with  Great 
Britain  was  to  be  broken  off,  and  the 
Americans  released  from  any  allegiance 

to  our  gracious  sovereign The 

only  course  which  they  [the  clergy]  could 
pursue,  was  to  suspend  the  public  exercise 
of  their  function,  and  shut  up  their 
churches. 

This  accordingly  was  done.  It  is  very 
remarkable  that  although  the  Clergy  of 
those  provinces  I  have  mentioned  did  not, 
and,  indeed,  could  not,  consult  each  other 
on  this  interesting  occasion,  yet  all  fell 
upon  the  same  method  in  shutting  up  their 
churches.  The  venerable  Mr.  Beach,  of 
Connecticut,  only  is  to  be  excepted,  if  my 
information  be  right,  who  officiated  as 
usual  after  independence  was  declared, 
and,  upon  being  warned  of  his  danger, 
declared,  with  the  firmness  and  spirit  of  a 
primitive  confessor,  "  That  he  would  do 
his  duty,  preach  and  pray  for  the  king, 
till  the  rebels  cut  out  his  tongue."  *  .  .  .  . 

About  the  middle  of  April,  Mr.  AVash- 
ington,  commander  in  chief  of  the  rebel 
forces,  came  to  town  with  a  large  rein- 
forcement. .  .  .  Soon  after  Washington's 
arrival,  he  attended   our  church 

May  17th  was  appointed  by  the  con- 
gress as  a  day  of  public  fasting,  prayer 
and  humiliation  throughout  the  continent. 
At  the  unanimous  request  of  the  members 
of  our  Church  who  were  then  in  town,  I 
consented  to  preach  that  day;  and,  indeed, 
our  situation  made  it  highly  prudent, 
though  a  submission  to  an  authority  that 
was  so  far  usurped  was  exceedingly  grat- 
ing and  disagreeable.  In  giving  notice 
the  preceding  Sunday,  I  only  mentioned 
that  there  would  be  a  sermon  the  ensuing 
Friday,  which  was  the  1 7th,  without  say- 
ing anything  of  the  reason,  or  by  what 
authority.     It   was   exceedingly    diflicult 

1  He  was  a  strong  and  decijed  opponent  of  Amer- 
ican Independence,  and  his  influence  over  his  flock 
was  such  "  that  scarcely  a  single  person  of  his  con- 
gregations at  Newtown  and  Reading  but  persevered 
steadfastly  in  his  duty  and  loyalty." 


I860.]      Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government         313 


for  a  loyal  clergyman  to  preach  on  such 
an  occasion,  and  not  incur  danger  on  the 
one  hand,  or  not  depart  from  his  duty  on 
the  other.  I  endeavoured  to  avoid  both, 
making  peace  and  repentance  my  subject, 
and  explicitly  disclaimed  having  anything 
to  do  with  politics.  This  sermon,  in  the 
composition  of  which  I  took  some  pains, 
I  intend  to  publish 

The  Church  corporation  have  some 
thoughts  of  applying  to   his  Majesty  for  a 

brief  to  collect  money  in  England 

But  this  step  will  probably  be  deferred 
till  the  city  and  county  are  restored  to  his 
Majesty's  peace  and  protection,  which  I 
hope  will  be  soon 

I  have  not  a  doubt  but,  with  the  bless- 
ing of  providence,  his  Majesty's  arms  will 
be  successful,  and  finally  crush  this  unnat- 


ural rebellion.  In  that  case,  if  the  steps 
are  taken  which  reason,  prudence,  and 
common  sense  dictate,  the  Church  will 
indubitably  increase,  and  these  confusions 
will  terminate  in  a  large  accession  to  its 
members,  ....  [notwithstanding]  the 
clamours  of  dissenters,  who  have  now  dis- 
covered such  enmity  to  the  constitution, 
and  who  will  ever  clamour  against  any- 
thing that  will  tend  to  benefit  or  increase 

the  Cburch  here 

Reverend  Sir, 
Your  Affectionate  and  Humble  Servant, 
Charles  Inglis. 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Hind. 

P.  S. — Since  the  above  was  written. 
Dr.  Auchmuty  is  come  to  town,  having, 
with  great  difficulty,  escaped  from  the 
rebels  at  Brunswick. 


A  FREE  CHUKCH,  A  FREE  GOSPEL,  AND  A  FREE  GOVERNMENT.^ 

BY    HON.    EMORY    WASHBURN,    CAMBRIDGE,    MS. 


In  complying  with  the  invitation  with 
which  I  have  been  honored,  to  address 
you  on  this  interesting  anniversary,  I  am 
reminded  that  the  topics  which  are  open 
for  my  selection,  are  limited  by  the  char- 
acter in  which  I  appear  before  you. 

The  employment  of  a  Layman,  to  oc- 
cupy the  hour  assigned  for  these  exercises, 
was,  in  effect,  to  substitute  the  plain, 
every-day  observations  and  reflections  of 
practical  life,  for  the  researches  of  the 
scholar,  and  the  learning  of  the  divine, 
which  you  have  heretofore  enjoyed. 

My  theme,  indeed,  seems  to  be  dictated 
by  the  very  name  of  the  Association  for 
which  I  am  about  to  speak, — the  "  Con- 
gregational Library  Association," — organ- 
ized here  in  the  very  heart  of  New  Eng- 
land, to  gather  up,  and  preserve  memorials 
of  the  founders  of  Congregationalism, 
and  to  keep  in  pleasant  remembrance 
the  history  of  the  men,  as  well  as  of  what 
they  achieved. 

1  This  article  is  the  Address  delivered  before  the 
Congregational  Library  Association,  at  its  late  an- 
nual meeting  in  Boston. 


Much  as  we  should  find  to  admire  in 
tracing  their  character,  as  it  stands  out 
upon  the  pages  of  history,  there  are  few 
things  more  worthy  of  notice,  or  of  com- 
memoration, than  the  extent  to  which  they 
developed,  here  in  New  England,  the  true 
relation  which  exists  bettueen  a  free  Church, 
a  free  Gospel,  and  a  free  Civil  Govern- 
ment. 

That  the  honor  is  due  to  them  of  having 
first  wrought  out  this,  one  of  the  greatest 
of  Social  problems,  it  will  be  my  purpose, 
on  this  occasion,  to  endeavor  to  show. 

Although  every  system  of  government 
of  which  we  read  in  history,  has  been 
associated  with  religion,  in  some  form,  as 
an  auxiliary  to  its  power,  it  remained  for 
the  sturdy  fathers  of  New  England  to 
show,  by  its  application,  for  the  first  time, 
how  the  influence  of  a  pure  and  simple 
religious  faith  may  be  so  inwrought  into 
the  texture,  as  it  were,  of  Civil  Govern- 
ment itself,  as  to  give  it  strength  and  per- 
manency, though  independent  in  its  action, 
while,  at  the  same  time,  it  made  its  sub- 
jects free. 


314         Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.      [July, 


And,  let  me  add,  the  form  in  •which  this 
■was  illustrated  and  applied,  was  through 
the  faith  and  Congregational  indepen- 
dence of  the  churches  of  New  England, 
as  they  first  stood  out  among  the  free 
institutions  which  the  founders  of  Congre- 
gationalism themselves,  planted. 

I  have  just  said  that  no  government 
had  ever  stood  without  calling  in  the  aid 
of  religion,  in  some  form,  to  support  it. 
Egypt,  Persia,  Greece,  Rome,  have,  each 
in  their  turn,  had  their  religious  rites  and 
superstitions,  which  required  the  agency 
of  a  priesthood,  in  some  form,  and  these 
were  intimately  connected  with  the  pow- 
ers that  controlled  the  State.  The  mon- 
arch himself  was  often  the  High  Priest  of 
the  State's  religion,  and  thus  added  a  new 
feature  of  sovereignty  to  the  civil  and 
military  power  with  which  he  was  clothed. 

Some  have  been  ready  to  assume  that 
government,  in  its  origin,  must  have 
been  a  divine  institution.  But  it  Is  un- 
necessary to  discuss  how  far  this  may  have 
led  to  such  a  union,  for  we  find  the  ele- 
ment of  religion,  of  some  kind,  implanted 
in  every  nature,  and  the  readiness  with 
•which  this  might  be  appealed  to,  would, 
almost  as  a  matter  of  course,  have  sug- 
gested to  whoever  held  the  reins  of  gov- 
ernment, the  expediency  of  enlisting  It  in 
aid  of  its  prerogative.  Whatever  may 
have  been  the  cause  of  the  union,  the 
consequence  was,  a  people's  government 
was  rarely  better  than  their  religion. 
The  bloody  rites  of  the  Druids  were  suited 
to  the  barbarous  dwellers  in  early  Britain, 
And  the  worship  of  OJin  was  In  unison 
with  the  social  condition  of  the  savage 
tribes  of  the  North,  while  the  license  of  a 
corrupt  and  sensual  religion  among  the 
effeminate  nations  of  a  softer  climate,  was, 
naturally,  associated  with  a  passionate 
and  feeble  despotism. 

In  the  constitution  of  government  of 
God's  own  people,  there  is  a  striking  Illus- 
tration of  the  connection  which,  at  that 
early  period,  was  thought  necessary  be- 
tween the  religion  of  a  people  aad  their 
civil  polity,  while  their  history  exhibits 


the  prevalence  of  the  idea  that  something 
like  a  representative  of  despotic  power 
was  necessary  to  secure  a  nation's  peace 
and  prosperity. 

Fortunately,  though  they  took  to  them- 
selves a  king,  they  retained  their  national 
religion,  with  its  democratic  tendencies, 
as  a  countervailing  influence  to  the  pol- 
icy of  bad  rulers,  who  sought  to  oppress 
and  degrade  them  as  a  people,  and  which 
preserved  them  from  the  debasement  of 
idolatry,  which  was  prevailing  all  around 
them. 

One  of  the  most  striking  circumstances 
In  the  historj'  of  Christianity,  is,  that  it 
owed  its  origin  to  no  connection  with  any 
State,  nor  the  power  of  any  human  gov- 
ernment. Its  rise  was  In  a  conquered, 
subject  province  of  a  Pagan  Empire.  It 
sought  not  the  favor  of  Herod  or  Pilate. 
It  cared  not  for  Tetrarch  or  Emperor. 
It  went  out,  single  handed,  into  the  world, 
with  the  brand  of  infamy  upon  Its  foun- 
der, to  face  the  frown  of  rulers  and  silence 
the  philosophy  of  the  wise.  Its  little  com- 
pany, amidst  the  scorn  of  the  great  and 
the  jeers  of  the  multitude,  isolated  and 
alone,  undertook  to  overthrow  systems 
which  had  grown  venerable  by  age,  and 
had  gained  strength  by  having  become 
Inwrought  into  the  very  frame-work  and 
fabric  of  society.  Its  kingdom,  in  short, 
was,  as  it  professed  to  be,  not  of  this  world. 

And  such  was  Its  history  for  the  first 
and  second  centuries  of  its  early  struggle. 
It  made  no  direct  war  upon  existing 
forms  of  government,  nor  did  it  seek  to 
make  civil  power  a  stepping  stone  on 
Avhich  to  mount  to  popular  favor.  And 
In  this,  It  but  followed  the  bright  example 
of  its  Founder,  who  was  ready  to  render 
unto  Ctusar  whatever  belonged  to  Cicsar, 
though  It  bore  upon  It  the  stamp  of  tribute 
money. 

He  had  moved  among  the  institutions 
under  which  his  countrymen  were  groan- 
ing. He  had  daily  witnessed  the  odious 
form  of  slavery  in  her  streets,  and  heard 
the  sighs  of  the  oppressed  on  every  side. 
But  he  went  not  Into  the  synagogue  or 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         315 


the  market  place  to  rouse  the  passions  of 
the  people,  against  these  outward  mani- 
festations of  a  deeper  seated  corruption. 
He  knew  the  force  of  his  own  truth,  and 
was  content  to  bide  the  time  when,  in  the 
light  of  his  gospel,  and  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  human  agency,  the  earth 
itself  should  rejoice  in  the  blessed  emanci- 
pation which  his  religion  was  sure  to 
achieve  in  his  own  good  time. 

It  was  a  sad  chapter  in  the  history  of 
that  religion,  when,  forgetting  those  les- 
sons, It  struck  hands  with  a  Roman  CiEsar, 
and  suffered  itself  to  be  led  into  a  meri- 
triclous  union  with  the  pomp  and  splendor 
of  the  Empire,  under  Constantine. 

It  was  a  sadder  one,  when  it  placed 
upon  its  brow  the  tiara  of  universal 
supremacy,  and  seated  itself  upon  the 
seven  hills  of  Rome,  to  mingle  in  the  base 
passions  of  worldly  greed,  and  to  grasp  at 
the  scepter  of  this  world's  dominion. 

There  is  no  occasion  for  me  to  speak, 
before  this  audience,  of  the  fruits  of  that 
union  of  Church  and  State,  which  cor- 
rupted the  politics  and  controlled  the  des- 
tinies of  Europe  for  centuries ;  which  laid 
upon  the  Church  the  corruptions  of  a 
degenerate  age,  and  substituted  cunning 
and  cruelty,  and  craft,  for  the  virtues  and 
example  of  those  whose  names  it  bor- 
rowed, and  whose  offices  it  pretended  to 
fill. 

I  have  only  time,  and  that  briefly,  to 
speak  of  the  condition  of  that  Church  in 
our  mother  country,  at  the  time  when  the 
trumpet  note  of  the  Reformation  was 
echoed  back  to  Germany  from  the  British 
Isles. 

The  Church  itself  had  been  instru- 
mental in  preparing  the  people  to  act 
together  In  any  great  measure  which 
might  demand  their  attention.  By  abol- 
ishing vlUenage,  the  masses  had  been 
becoming  blended  into  one  nationality, 
whereby  a  common  sympathy  might  be 
more  readily  aroused.  Besides,  the  lamp 
of  learning  had  been  kept  alive  in  the 
halls  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  as  well  as 
in  the  cells  and  cloisters  of  her  monastic 


establishments ;  and  the  Bible  of  Wick- 
llffe,  in  the  vernacular  tongue,  had  been 
seen  and  studied  by  enough  of  the  people, 
to  have  infused  into  the  community  a 
spirit  which  was  ready  to  be  aroused,  the 
moment,  a  man  like  Luther  should  put 
himself  at  the  head  of  the  movement. 

There  was,  besides,  an  element  in  the 
very  constitution  of  the  English,  as  a 
people,  which  aided  in  breaking  down 
the  power  of  the  Roman  PontifT,  the  mo- 
ment the  struggle  was  begun.  There 
was  a  nationalism,  as  well, — a  restive  feel- 
ing under  restraint  among  the  Barons 
and  large  landed  proprietors,  that  never 
patiently  brooked  the  domination  of  a 
foreign  potentate,  which  strenuously  ad- 
hered to  their  own  system  of  laws,  and 
united  them  in  a  willing  alliance  to  resist 
oppression  in  whatever  form  it  came. 
It  was  the  spirit  which  makes  England 
what  she  is,  and  which  the  Crown  could 
not  crush,  nor  the  Pope  nor  his  ecclesias- 
tics beguile,  by  fair  promises,  or  lull  into 
indifTerence.  It  wrung  a  Magna  Charta 
from  a  John,  and  a  Henry.  It  Inscribed 
upon  her  Statute  Book,  laws  against 
Mortmain,  which  stand  there  to  this  day ; 
and  when  solicited,  in  honied  terms,  to 
allow  a  single  canon  of  the  Church  to  be 
wrought  into  the  common  law  of  the  king- 
dom, saw  through  the  subtle  policy  which 
had  contrived  it,  and  In  the  so  often 
quoted  language,  made  that  memorable 
reply  :  "  Nolumus  leges  Anglice  mutare." 

When,  therefore,  the  quarrel  between 
Henry  and  the  Pope  began  to  assume  an 
appeal  to  the  national  pride,  the  people 
were  easily  aroused.  They  went  with 
the  king — though  he  was  nothing  better 
than  an  odious  tyrant — and  was  led  on  by 
a  passion  which  he  shared  in  common 
with  the  savage  and  the  brute. 

Who,  as  he  now  looks  back  upon  the 
history  of  what  is  called  the  English 
Reformation,  is  not  impressed  with  a 
strong  conviction  that  if,  when  the  Angli- 
can, separated  from  the  Romish  Church, 
it  could  have  been  left  to  assume  an  inde- 
pendent organization  ;  to  choose  its  own 


316  Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.     [July, 


spiritual  guides  and  teachers,  no  matter  by 
what  name  they  were  called ;  and  then 
had  been  allowed  to  pursue  its  own  way 
by  the  light  of  the  open  page  of  the  Bible, 
unclogged  and  untrammelled  by  other 
alliances,  England  would  have  been 
spared  that  long,  dark  chapter  of  oppres- 
sion, cruelty  and  crime,  in  her  history, 
which  covers  a  period  of  an  hundred  and 
fifty  years  between  Henry  and  the  Revo- 
lution of  1GS8! 

Instead  of  this,  the  government  could 
not  stand  at  all,  while  carrying  out  its 
measures,  without  laying  hold  of  the 
Church  for  its  support ;  nor,  on  the  other 
hand,  could  the  ruling  Prelacy  of  that 
Church  retain  their  hold  upon  pov^er  and 
influence,  without  leaning  upon  the  stall' 
of  Royalty.  And  under  this  alliance  a 
profligate  King  was  made  the  head  of 
that  long  retinue  of  officers  and  depend- 
ents, from  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
down  to  the  humblest  singer  who  chanted 
service  in  the  cathedral ;  who,  in  return, 
reflected  back  upon  royalty  a  lustre  which 
almost  sanctified  the  despotism  which  it 
aimed  to  dignify. 

In  giving  to  this  union  its  practical 
working  form,  very  much  was  due  to  the 
shrewd  policy  and  accommodating  temper 
of  Cranmer,  whom  Macaulay,  who  had 
studied  the  Reformation  thoroughly,  char- 
acterizes as  "  saintly  in  his  professions, 
unscrupulous  in  his  dealings,  zealous  for 
nothing,  bold  in  speculation,  a  coward 
and  a  time  server  in  action,  a  placable 
enemy  and  a  lukewarm  friend,  who  was 
in  every  way  qualified  to  arrange  the 
terms  of  the  coalition  between  the  re- 
ligious and  the  worldly  enemies  of  Popery." 

Is  it  to  be  wondered  at  that  the  sturdy, 
honest  common  sense  of  the  English  mind 
should,  at  times,  have  revolted  at  the  new 
phases  which  temporal  and  clerical  des- 
potism assumed,  under  the  Tudors  and 
the  Stuarts,  when  they  saw  Protestant 
Henry  dragging  to  execution,  upon  the 
same  hurdle,  one  man  for  denying  the 
Protestant  supremacy  of  the  King,  and 
side  by  side  with  him,  another,  who  had 


but  denied  the  Popish  doctrine  of  tran- 
substantiation.  With  the  fires  of  Smith- 
field  hardly  yet  quenched,  they  saw  hun- 
dreds of  pious  clergymen  driven  out  of 
their  churches,  to  beg  or  starve,  for  failing 
to  conform  to  the  rites  and  vestments 
required  by  a  Protestant  Princess,  or  sent 
to  the  scaffold  for  circulating,  even,  a  pub- 
lished treatise  impugning  the  sanctity  of 
the  English  Prelacy. 

Nor  is  it  less  to  be  wondered  at,  that 
under  these,  and  so  many  other  causes  of 
agitation,  which  were  then  in  operation, 
the  English  mind  should  not  have  quietly 
settled  down  to  repose  under  the  heavy 
pressure  which  was  crushing  out  the  last 
spark  of  free  opinion.  Tyndale's  New 
Testament,  and  Cranmer's  Bible  had 
found  their  way  into  the  Parish  Church, 
and  were  sold  in  the  market-place,  while 
many  were  coming  back  from  the  exile,  in 
Frankfort,  and  Basle,  and  Geneva,  mto 
which  they  had  been  driven  by  Mary, 
bringing  with  them  the  simple  forms  and 
republican  notions  of  Calvin  and  the 
other  German  and  Swiss  reformers,  and 
could  not  tamely  brook  the  supercilious 
bearing  of  prelates  glittering  in  costly 
pontificals,  and  trampling  upon  the  con- 
sciences of  their  fellow  men. 

When,  therefore,  just  fifty  years  before 
the  planting  of  Plymouth,  Cartwrlght,  a 
Professor  at  Cambridge,  boldly  proclaimed 
that  every  thing  in  the  Church  ought  to 
be  brought  back  to  the  apostolic  foi-m,  he 
found  men  ready  to  respond  to  it  In  every 
part  of  England.  It  had  touched  the  chord 
of  a  living  principle,  which  did  not  cease 
to  vibrate  after  his  expulsion  from  Cam- 
bridge, or  during  his  retreat  for  safety  to 
the  continent. 

It  showed,  what  was  soon  to  be  so  sig- 
nally developed,  that  there  were  thousands 
to  whom  the  worship  of  God  was  a  living 
sentiment,  and  not  a  dead  formality,  and 
who  yearned  for  a  purer  worship  and  a 
freer  play  of  conscience. 

It  showed  itself  in  various  ways, — in 
the  secret  conventicle  into  which  men 
gathered  for  prayer  and  worship,  though 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         317 


at  the  hazard  of  a  prison, — in  the  more 
noisy  and  defiant  form  ofi'ered  by  the 
Brownists  in  their  assemblies  ;  and  in  the 
little  Church  at  Scrooby,  who  came  to- 
gether to  listen  to  the  pious  teachings  of 
the  iaithful  and  venerated  Robinson  and 
Brewster,  and  to  cheer  each  other  under 
the  storm  of  persecution  that  drove  them, 
at  last,  into  exile  across  the  water. 

It  is  with  no  little  regret  that  I  am  for- 
bidden, by  want  of  time,  to  dwell  more  at 
length  upon  the  rise  of  English  Puritan- 
ism, and  the  different  forms  it  assumed  in 
that  country,  before  it  found  a  lodgment 
here  in  this  Western  wilderness. 

While  a  portion  of  the  Nonconformists 
chose  to  separate  themselves,  altogether, 
from  an  establishment  from  which  they 
had  received  little  else  than  insult  and 
indignity,  and  to  organize  themselves  into 
churches  upon  an  independent  founda- 
tion, large  numbers  were  unwilling  to 
take  a  step  which  should  cut  them  off  Irom 
all  connection  with  the  National  Church. 
They  hoped  that  a  persecution  so  unrea- 
sonable as  that  under  which  they  were 
suffering,  would  yield  to  wiser  and  more 
humane  councils. 

And  the  result  was,  that  while  the 
larger  portion  of  the  Puritans  hesitated  to 
separate  themselves  from  the  Mother 
Church,  a  portion  of  them  were  driven 
into  exile,  and  found  their  way  through 
Holland,  to  these  shores,  to  plant  an  inde- 
pendent Church  on  Plymouth  rock.  This 
was  followed,  in  less  than  ten  years,  by  the 
larger  emigration  to  Massachusetts,  of 
Winthrop  and  his  company. 

Here,  then,  our  history,  properly,  be- 
gins. Originally  bred  upon  the  same 
soil,  educated  under  the  same  influences, 
taught  their  duties  out  of  the  same  Bible, 
and  urged  by  the  same  high  motives  of 
enjoying  religious,  if  not  civil,  liberty, 
these  two  companies  found  themselves 
planted  upon  the  same  coast,  hemmed  in 
by  the  same  untrodden  forest,  and  sharing 
the  same  difficulties  and  deprivations  of 
emigrant  life,  though  independent  of  each 
other  in  respect  to  civil  control. 
VOL.  II.  35 


They  were  both  left  free  to  choose,  for 
themselves,  their  own  form  of  church  pol- 
ity and  organization.  And  the  result  was 
the  adoption  of  that  form  which  the  Inde- 
pendents of  England  had  substituted  for 
Episcopacy,  as  being  more  nearly  in  con- 
formity with  the  simplicity  of  the  Church 
as  it  had  been  conducted  under  the  Apos- 
tles. 

And  never,  since  the  days  of  the  prim- 
itive Church,  had  there  been  a  commu- 
nity in  which  an  experiment  like  that 
which  they  were  about  to  undertake, 
could  have  been  more  fairly  tested.  They 
had  just  come  out  of  that  long  and  deadly 
struggle  between  liberty  and  despotism 
which  was  only  concluded,  at  last,  at  the 
English  Revolution.  They  had  been 
culled  and  sifted  from  the  masses  that 
were  engaged  in  this  struggle,  to  be 
planted,  as  it  were,  and  grow  up,  away 
from  the  vices  and  corruptions  of  the  Old 
World,  to  give  back,  as  they  were  wanted, 
in  the  fruits  of  their  own  example,  fresh 
elements  of  courage  and  faith  and  hope, 
to  animate  and  cheer  the  brave  spirits 
whom  they  had  left  doing  battle  in  the 
same  cause,  in  which  they  had  been  so 
long  engaged. 

In  one  respect,  there  was  a  marked 
ditference,  at  first,  between  the  founders 
of  Plymouth,  and  those  of  Massachusetts. 
The  Plymouth  men  came  out,  without  any 
charter  or  organized  form  of  government, 
to  found  a  Church  and  worship  God  in 
peace.  The  Massachusetts  company,  on 
the  contrary,  came  with  a  charter  and  a 
civil  government  already  organized,  and 
were  a  body  politic  before  they  landed. 
But,  in  all  this,  like  the  Pilgrims,  they 
had  reference  to  the  means  of  enjoying 
that  religious  freedom  which  they  had 
been  denied  at  home. 

In  one  respect,  both  companies  were 
alike.  They  were  men  of  enlarged  and 
independent  views ;  they  were  humble 
and  devout  believers  in  the  severer  dog- 
mas of  theological  faith,  and  had  been 
trained,  in  the  school  of  sharji  and  bitter 
persecution,  to  regard  religion  as  some- 


318  Free  Churchy  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.     [July, 


thing  more  than  feeling  and  belief,  as 
bringing  them  into  immediate  counsel  with 
the  Most  High,  and  as  making  them  in- 
struments, in  his  hands,  for  building  up  the 
Redeemer's  kingdom  in  the  New  World. 

But  the  men  of  Massachusetts,  unlike 
those  of  Plymouth,  had  not  cut  off  their 
connection  with  the  Church  into  which 
they  had  been  baptized,  until  the  broad 
waters  of  the  Atlantic  had  been  interposed 
between  them  and  their  former  homes. 

The  evidence  upon  this  point  is  too  full 
to  leave  a  doubt  as  to  the  relation  which 
they  had,  hitherto,  held  to  that  Church. 
Laying  out  of  the  case  the  somewhat 
apocryphal  apostrophe  of  Higginson  to 
the  mother  Church,  as  he  looked  out,  for 
the  last  time,  upon  the  fading  outline  of 
the  English  coast,  in  his  voyage  to 
America;  the  parting  address  of  Win- 
throp  and  his  associates,  from  on  board 
the  Arbella,  to  the  Church  of  England, 
undoubtedly  spoke  the  real  sentiments  of 
these  emigrants,  on  leaving  their  coun- 
try. "  We  are  not,"  say  they,  "  of  those 
who  dream  of  perfection  in  this  world, 
yet  we  desire  you  would  be  pleased  to 
take  notice  of  the  principles  and  body  of 
our  company,  as  those  who  esteem  it  our 
honor  to  call  the  Church  of  England, 
from  where  we  rise,  our  dear  Mother,  and 
cannot  part  from  our  native  country, 
where  she  specially  resideth,  without 
much  sadness  of  heart,  and  many  tears  in 
our  eyes."  And  one  of  the  grounds  on 
which  that  restless  troubler  of  our  fathers 
— Eoger  Williams — based  his  censure 
upon  the  congregation  in  Boston,  was 
that  they  would  not  make  a  public  dec- 
laration of  their  repentance,  for  having 
communion  with  the  churches  of  England 
while  they  lived  there. 

The  Colony,  moreover,  was  based  upon 
the  charter  of  a  trading  company,  which, 
however,  was  wonderfully  adapted  for  the 
erection  of  a  free  State ;  and  because  it 
was  so,  was  clung  to  by  the  fathers  of  the 
Colony  with  an  almost  death  struggle. 

The  inference  to  be  drawn  from  these 
circumstances,  as  it  seems  to  me,  is  that 


the  fathers  of  Massachusetts  came  here  to 
found  a  State,  and  not  a  Church — to 
build  up  a  civil  government ;  but  to  have 
it  so  constituted  and  administered  that 
religion  might  have  free  play,  and  be- 
come an  element  of  freedom  in  the  State, 
by  cherishing  a  regard  for  order,  a  respect 
for  rulers,  a  state  of  pure  morals,  and  that 
love  of  freedom  which,  somehow,  always 
goes  with  a  free  Bible. 

Nor  were  the  men  at  Plymouth  behind 
their  brethren  at  Salem  and  Boston,  in 
this  regard  for  social  order,  under  the  salu- 
tary restraint  of  an  organized  government. 
Although  they  found  themselves  outside 
of  the  limits  of  their  patent,  beyond  those 
of  any  government,  without  a  charter  and 
without  a  civil  head,  they  knew  that  no 
community  could  subsist  without  laws ; 
and  they,  voluntarily  and  at  once,  entered 
into  that  memorable  civil  compact — the 
first  the  world  had  ever  seen,  and  the 
only  constitution  they  had  till  they  ob- 
tained a  charter. 

But  that  compact  formed  what  they 
themselves  called  it, — "  A  civil  body  poli- 
tic." Not  a  word  was  said  in  it  of  the 
form  or  polity  of  their  Church,  though 
they  had  come  here  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  planting  it. 

I  have  been  the  more  anxious  to  get  at 
the  real  motives  by  which  our  fathers 
were  actuated,  because  it  is  so  common  to 
think  and  speak  of  them  as  a  set  of  stern, 
uncompromising  religionists,  who  came 
over  here  to  New  England  merely  to  in- 
dulge In  the  liberty  of  worshiping,  in  their 
own  way,  ascetics,  who,  like  the  monks  of 
old,  macerated  the  body  for  the  good  of 
the  soul ;  and,  for  business,  filled  up  their 
time  with  prayer  and  rites  of  devotion. 

Instead  of  this,  not  a  man  of  them  re- 
tired to  the  desert  or  the  hermit's  cell ; 
and  very  few,  if  any,  of  them  forgot  that 
the  noblest  worship  they  could  pay  to 
God,  was,  in  a  humble  reliance  upon. his 
aid  and  direction,  to  stand  up  against  the 
difficulties  by  which  they  were  surrounded, 
and  to  do  his  will,  in  the  busy,  active 
duties  of  real  life. 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         319 


That  they  came  here  with  no  settled 
purpose  to  build  up  a  Church,  of  any  par- 
ticular form,  is  obvious,  from  the  very 
fact  that,  with  all  their  fond  regrets  at  giv- 
ing up  the  Church  they  had  left,  they 
never,  for  a  moment,  seem  to  have  thought 
of  reviving  it  under  their  new  regime. 
So  far  from  it,  the  Salem  Church  was 
gathei'ed  by  a  voluntary  covenant  of  the 
brethren,  and  Mr.  Skelton  and  Mr.  Hig- 
ginson  were  elected  as  their  pastor  and 
teacher,  and  ordained  by  the  imposition 
of  hands  of  laymen,  although  both  had 
been  regularly  ordained  while  in  Eng- 
land, within  a  little  more  than  one  month 
from  the  time  when  the  company,  who 
had  come  with  them,  landed  upon  the 
shore.  The  Browns,  on  the  other  hand, 
who  had  been  of  the  same  company,  but 
chose  to  adhere  to  the  Church  service, 
were  told  by  the  General  Court,  in  a 
manner  not  to  be  misunderstood,  that 
"  New  England  was  no  place  for  such  as 
they  ;"  and  were  accordingly  sent  back  to 
Old  England  by  the  return  ships  which 
brought  them.  And  when  Winthrop  and 
his  company  arrived,  and  had  set  down 
at  Charlestown,  the  churches  which  were 
simultaneously  gathered  at  that  place 
and  at  Watertown,  proceeded  to  elect 
their  own  ministers,  and  to  institute  or 
ordain  them,  by  the  imposition  of  lay 
hands,  without  any  scruple  or  hesitation. 

They  seem  not  to  have  cherished  any 
hostility  towards  the  English  Church,  re- 
garded as  an  ecclesiastical  body,  though 
its  prelacy  was  associated  in  their  minds 
with  the  persecutions  they  had  suffered. 
And  they  saw,  moreover,  that  its  forms, 
its  polity,  and  its  subordination  of  ranks, 
were  far  less  suited  to  the  genius  of  the 
State  which  they  were  desirous  of  erecting, 
than  the  simple  independence  and  ritual 
of  the  Plymouth  Church,  into  which  they 
were  early  indoctrinated  by  the  indefati- 
gable Dr.  Fuller — the  first  apostle  of  Con- 
gregationalism on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
But  whatever  may  have  been  the  course 
of  their  reasoning,  the  fact  is  beyond  all 
question  that  the  Church  and  the  Govern- 


ment grew  up  together,  distinct  In  their 
organizations,  and  with  only  so  much  of  a 
common  interest  as  grew  out  of  the  mutual 
desire  of  each,  to  aid  the  other  in  accom- 
plishing the  ends  they  had  in  view — which 
were  to  ensure  peace,  prosperity,  and 
good  order  to  their  body  politic,  and  to 
advance  the  glory  of  God  in  the  lives  and 
example  of  those  who  constituted  this 
branch  of  his  living  Church. 

We  should  bear  in  mind  that  we  are  in 
danger  of  confounding  the  sense  in  which 
terms  may  have  been  applied  by  men 
whose  language,  like  that  of  our  fathers, 
partook  so  constantly  of  the  religious 
form  and  hue  of  their  daily  and  familiar 
thoughts  and  conversation.  An  act  of  the 
Legislature  might  readily  have  taken  the 
form  of  a  declaration  of  a  religious  duty, 
although  designed  only  as  a  measure  of 
civil  police,  or  intended  to  bear  directly 
upon  the  body  politic. 

It  was  certainly  no  part  of  their  origi- 
nal intention  to  build  up  Congregational- 
ism, as  it  was  finally  developed ;  nor, 
when  we  come  to  examine  into  the 
grounds  of  their  legislation,  is  there  any 
good  reason  for  applying,  as  some  have 
done,  to  their  government,  the  epithet  of 
a  "  Theocracy."  If  they  made  use  of  the 
name  or  functions  of  the  Church  in  their 
legislation,  it  will,  I  apprehend,  be  found 
to  have  been  not  to  aggrandize  the 
Church,  but  to  give  more  stability  to  the 
State.  To  this  end,  let  us  look  at  some 
of  the  measures  of  the  early  colonists, 
which  have  been  the  most  frequently 
quoted,  as  evidence  of  their  intent  to 
establish  a  theocracy.  Though  if  they 
ever  entertained  it,  we  are  not  told  when 
they  abandoned  it. 

The  first  of  these  was  the  law  of  1631, 
requiring  Church  membership  as  a  quali- 
fication for  being  a  freeman  of  the  Colony, 
and  this  was  followed  by  the  expulsion 
of  the  Baptists  and  Quakers,  and  punish- 
ing them  with  increased  severity  for  re- 
turning to  the  Colony  a  second  time. 

Now,  we  are  in  great  danger  of  being 
misled   by  the   mere   names    of    things. 


320         Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.      [July, 


Church  membership,  Quakers,  and  Bap- 
tists, at  once  suggest  clerical  supremacy 
and  ecclesiastical  domination  in  the  State. 
But  if  we  go  deeper  into  the  reasons  of 
these  measures,  we  shall  be  able  to  cor- 
rect these  impressions,  and  do  justice  to 
the  motives,  even  if  we  condemn  the 
policy  of  our  ancestors.  One  thing  is 
quite  sure ;  they  took  no  measures  to 
enforce  conformity — such  as  they  had, 
themselves,  been  subjected  to  at  home — 
to  force  men  to  join  their  particular  form 
of  Church,  as  a  State  establishment. 
They  set  up  no  confessionals  ;  they  insti- 
tuted no  High  Commission  Court ;  they 
offered  no  compromise  with  those  whom 
they  thought  to  be  bad  subjects,  by  a 
recantation  of  theological  heresies  in  opin- 
ion. What  they  did,  was  to  keep  out  bad 
citizens,  and  suppress  what  they  deemed  to 
be  bad  public  example. 

Take,  for  instance,  the  qualification 
required  for  admission  as  freemen  of  the 
company.  It  should  be  remembered  that 
everything  depended  upon  the  character 
and  opinions  of  these  freemen.  They 
constituted,  at  first,  the  General  Court, 
and  made  the  laws,  and  chose  the  officers, 
and,  directly  or  indirectly,  had  the  man- 
agement of  the  affairs  of  the  Colony. 
Nor  was  this  democratic  element  scarcely 
less  influential  when  they  had  substituted 
a  representative  body  for  a  General  Court, 
which  had  previously  consisted  of  all  the 
citizens. 

It  should,  moreover,  be  remembered 
that  the  colony  was,  from  its  very  situa- 
tion, open  to  any  adventurer  who  might 
choose  to  come  over  to  share  the  freedom 
from  restraint  which  must,  in  the  nature 
of  things,  exist  in  a  new  and  unsettled 
community  ;  that  there  was  then,  as  there 
always  will  be,  a  class  of  restless,  turbu- 
lent spirits,  who  hang  upon  the  edges  of 
civilization,  and  reluctantly  brook  the 
constraint  of  society  and  social  order. 
There  were  Daniel  Boones  in  the  world 
before  a  white  man  had  penetrated  into 
the  wilds  of  Kentucky,  and  there  were 
Buccaneers  before  the  name  had  found  a 
place  in  history. 


The  early  colonists  saw  this  danger, 
and  they  saw,  too,  that  if  such  such  spirits 
were  once  to  get  possession  of  the  govern- 
ment, there  was  nothing  upon  which  they 
could  fall  back,  to  retrieve  the  State. 

Nor  was  It,  merely,  that  such  men 
might  come  to  plague  them.  They  had 
the  fate  of  Weston's  colony,  at  Wessagus- 
set  In  fresh  remembrance — and  they  had 
men  like  them  in  their  veiy  midst.  Mor- 
ton had  set  up  his  May  pole  at  Merry 
Mount,  and  inaugurated  the  orgies  of 
license  and  misrule  ;  and  Sir  Christopher 
Gardner,  a  suspected  tool  and  spy  of  the 
Pope,  anticipating  one  phase  of  Mormon- 
ism,  had  set  down  among  them,  to  corrupt 
the  morals  of  the  young,  by  his  dissolute 
example,  and  endanger  the  peace  of  the 
community  by  his  notions  of  civil  rule  and 
order. 

In  view  of  these  dangers  to  the  State, 
there  was  but  one  measure  of  safety  or 
relief  open  to  them.  They  must  keep  the 
fountain  of  power  pure,  by  excluding 
unsafe  men  from  sharing  In  its  adminis- 
tration. 

They  could  not  limit  the  exercise  of 
the  franchise  of  voting,  by  the  possession  of 
a  certain  amount  of  wealth  or  Income,  as 
had  been  the  case  at  home,  and  has  since 
been  in  some  of  the  States  ;  or  by  a  period 
of  residence  long  enough  to  turn  foreign- 
ers Into  "  natives,"  as  is  professed  to  be 
done  in  our  day,  since  they  were  all,  in 
those  respects,  too  nearly  upon  the  same 
level  to  fix  either  as  a  distinctive  crite- 
rion. And  no  test  seemed  to  be  left  for 
them  but  a  moral  one.  Believing  that 
whoever  should  be  admitted  to  a  Church, 
by  the  free  election  of  his  neighbors  and 
associates,  might  be  trusted  to  vote  for 
civil  officers  and  share  In  the  functions  of 
government,  they  adopted  that  as  the  lim- 
itation of  the  elective  franchise. 

And  when  we  look  at  the  act  by  which 
this  qualification  was  prescribed,  we  find 
a  solemn  declaration,  on  their  part,  that 
It  was  "  to  the  end,  the  body  of  the  com- 
mons may  be  preserved  of  honest  and 
good  men,"  that  "  no  man  should  be  ad- 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         321 


mittted  to  the  freedom  of  tbe  body  politic 
but  such  as  are  members  of  some  of  the 
churches  within  the  limits  of  the  same." 
No  creed  was  imposed ;  no  test  like  that 
so  long  upon  the  English  statute  book  ; 
no  Church  office  or  Church  honor  was 
recognized  in  the  act.  It  was  simply  a 
means  of  providing  a  kind  of  registration 
of  voters,  such  as  we  have  at  this  day,  to 
secure  the  presence  and  services  of  good 
and  honest  citizens,  and  to  keep  out  the 
idle,  the  vicious  and  the  disorderly.  And 
though  to  adopt  such  a  test,  in  our  day, 
might  be  simply  absurd  and  ridiculous,  it 
is  difficult  to  measure  how  much  of  the 
strength,  the  consistency,  the  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  Colony,  as  a  free  Com- 
monwealth, depended  upon  that  very  law 
which  has  given  such  umbrage  to  modern 
politicians  and  reformers. 

And  could  we  now  go  into  their  coun- 
cils, and  study  the  motives  which  led  them 
to  persecute,  as  it  is  called,  the  (Quakers 
and  the  Baptists,  we  should  find,  I  doubt 
not,  that  it  was  their  anxiety  for  the 
peace  and  safety  of  the  State,  that  led 
them  to  pursue  the  unwise  policy  which 
they  did,  towards  those  sects ;  and  not  any 
desire,  or  expectation,  by  so  doing,  to 
coerce  them  to  come  into  their  own  way 
of  faith  or  worship. 

They  set  up  no  Inquisition  ;  they  lighted 
no  axdo  de  fe  for  the  good  of  the  soul  of 
the  heretic,  from  which  he  might  escape 
by  confession  and  recantation.  They 
deemed  these  men  dangerous  to  the  peace 
of  the  State  ;  and  because  they  would  not 
go  away,  and  stay  away,  they  foolishly 
made  them  what  they  gloried  in  being — 
martyrs  to  insubordination. 

While  no  one,  in  the  light  of  this  day, 
would  think  of  commending  these  meas- 
ures as  either  wise  or  humane,  the  fault, 
whatever  it  is,  should  be  laid  to  the  true 
cause;  and  if,  as  I  believe  will  appear, 
these  laws  had  their  origin  in  a  regard  for 
civil  peace  and  order,  alone,  it  is  time  that 
it  should  cease  to  be  ascribed  to  the  bigotry 
of  religious  faith  and  zeal.  It  is  tune  that 
their  posterity  should  understand  that 
VOL.  II.  35* 


these  obnoxious  laws  of  the  colonists  of 
Massachusetts  were  not  designed  to  pun- 
ish bad  theologians,  but  to  shut  out  dan- 
gerous citizens. 

It  is  difficult,  in  undertaking  to  do  jus- 
tice to  this  subject,  to  carry  the  mind 
back  to  a  period  when  sects  so  peaceable, 
so  endowed  with  the  Christian  graces  as 
we  now  see  them,  could  ever  have  been 
represented  by  wild  fanatics,  whose  de- 
fiance of  law  and  government  made  them 
a  terror  to  the  lovers  of  good  order.  And 
we  may  smile  at  the  very  idea  that  the 
landing  of  half  a  score  of  ranting  men  and 
women,  after  the  colony  had  been  planted 
twenty-six  years,  should  have  set  the 
whole  community  into  a  ferment  and 
commotion.  Yet  the  wild  extravagance, 
and  in  some  cases  the  indecent  exhibi- 
tions of  these  strange  interlopers,  shocked, 
while  it  alarmed,  the  staid  people  of  the 
colony.  It  was,  to  them,  like  a  mutiny 
on  ship-board — they  knew  not  where  it 
would  stop,  and  demanded  prompt  and 
stringent  measures  to  suppress  it.  This 
was  especially  true  in  respect  to  the  Ana- 
baptists, who  had  begun  to  trouble  the 
colonists  several  years  before  the  Quakers 
made  their  appearance  here.  The  his- 
tory of  their  excesses  at  Munster,  was 
familiar  to  the  people ;  and  when  the 
attempt  was  made,  in  1644,  to  expel 
them,  the  General  Court  passed  a  law, 
in  which  they  recite  the  reasons  for  the 
measure.  "  Forasmuch  as  experience 
hath,  plentifully  and  often,  proved  that 
since  tbe  first  arising  of  the  Anabaptists 
about  an  hundred  years  since,  they  have 
been  the  incendiaries  of  commonwealths, 
and  the  infectors  of  persons  in  main  mat- 
ters of  religion,  and  the  troublers  of 
churches  in  all  places  where  they  have 
been,"  "  and  whereas  divers  of  this  kind 
have,  since  our  coming,  appeared  amongst 
ourselves,  some  whereof  have,  (as  others 
before  them,)  denied  the  ordinances  of 
magistracy,  and  the  lawfulness  of  making 
war,  and  others  the  lawfulness  of  Magis- 
trates and  their  inspection  into  any  breach 
of  the  first  table,   which  opinions  if  they 


322         Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government      [July, 


should  be  connived  at  by  us,  are  like  to 
be  increased  amongst  us,  and  so  must 
necessarily  bring  guilt  upon  us,  and  in- 
fection and  trouble  to  the  churches,  and 
TiarMi'd  to  the  tvlujle  commonivealth ;"  they, 
for  these  reasons,  chose  to  banish  them 
from  the  colony.  What  they  were  guard- 
ing against,  was  the  overthrow  of  the 
magistracy, — the  hazard  to  which  the 
whole  commonwealth  was  exposed.  And 
such,  I  doubt  not,  it  could  be  shown,  was 
the  case  when,  at  an  earlier  period,  they 
sought  to  smother  the  flame  with  which 
Mrs.  Hutchinson  had  set  the  colony  in  a 
blaze,  with  her  Antinomian  notions,  by  so 
imgallant  an  act  of  folly  as  banishing  a 
woman  whose  sophistry  they  could  not 
confute.  And  in  the  case  of  the  still  more 
renowned  Roger  AVilliams,  it  was  not 
because  he  was  a  Baptist  that  they  ban- 
ished him,  for  he  had  not  then  become 
one ;  nor  was  it  for  heresy  in  his  faith ; 
but,  as  history  tells  us,  "  for  his  violent 
and  tumultuous  carriage  against  the  pa- 
tent," which  our  fathers  regarded  as  the 
palladium  of  their  liberties,  and  his  vehe- 
hemently  withstanding  the  oath  of  fidelity 
to  the  government,  which  all  citizens  were 
required  to  take. 

But  while  we  condemn  the  measures  of 
these  colonists,  and  are  surprised  at  the 
folly  and  barbarity  of  many  of  their  penal 
enactments,  we  are  in  danger  of  forgetting 
that  they  walked  In  the  light  of  their  day, 
not  ours,  and  that  there  are  those  now 
living,  who  may  remember  when  men 
were  whipped,  and  cropped,  and  branded 
in  our  commonwealth,  and  that  the  same 
barbarous  system  of  punishment  is  still 
retained  In  some  of  our  sister  states.  We 
might  as  well  wonder  that  they  did  not 
travel  by  steam,  and  hold  intercourse 
with  each  other  by  the  magnetic  tele- 
graph, as  to  cast  censure  upon  them  for 
not  applying  the  laws  of  social  duty  and 
obligation,  which  have  been  developed 
within  the  last  half  century  of  the  world's 
history. 

Nor  shall  we,  as  I  apprehend,  find  any 
thing  in  the  veneration  and  respect  in 


which  the  leading  clergy  of  the  colony 
were  held,  to  contradict  the  notion  that 
the  government  and  Church  were,  in  fact, 
as  well  as  in  theory,  distinct  and  Indepen- 
dent of  each  other.  By  Church,  when 
speaking  of  Congi-egationalism,  I  mean, 
of  course,  the  whole  ecclesiastical  estab- 
lishment, made  up,  as  it  was,  of  its  separate 
churches. 

That    the    clergy    of    New    England 
exerted  a  controlling  influence  In  some 
respects  upon  the  councils  of  the  State,  Is 
undoubtedly,  true.     It  could  not  well  be 
otherwise.    They  were  men  with  educated 
and    cultivated    minds,    many    of   them 
scholars  from  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  and 
all  of  them  trained  to  worldly  wisdom,  as 
well  as  spiritual  zeal,  by  the  severe  school 
of  discipline,  which  they  had  gone  through 
In  their  persecutions  at  home,  and   their 
experiences  here.     There  was  no  class  of 
civilians   in  the   colony  with    which   the 
magistrates  might  advise.     The  only  law- 
yer that  was  here  for  many  years,  was 
Lechford,  an  Episcopalian,  and  he  was 
soon  starved  out,  and  went  home.     Ward, 
moreover,  the   minister  of  Ipswich,  had 
been  a  lawyer  before  studying  for  the 
ministry,    and   Wilson   had   studied    law 
three  years  at  the  Inns  of  Court,  before  he 
had  taken  orders  under  his  English  ordin- 
ation.    And   that   men   like    these,   with 
Cotton  and  other  leading  ministers,  should 
have  been  taken  into  the  counsels  of  civil 
rulers,  implies  no  dependence  of  either 
upon  the  other.     So   far  was   this   from 
being  the  case,  that  when,  at  the  request 
of  the  legislature,  Mr.  Cotton  undertook 
to  draw  up  a  body  of  laws  for  their  gov- 
ernment. It  was  found  to  be  unsuited  to 
the  wants  of  the  colony,  and  was  a  practi- 
cal failure,  which  his   high  character  for 
Avisdom  and  sanctity,  as  a  divine,  could  not 
retrieve. 

After  Winthrop's  arrival,  no  clergymen 
were  chosen  to  the  magistracy  ;  and  yet 
it  would  be  untrue  to  say  that  they  did 
not  exercise  a  most  decided  influence 
upon  the  affairs  of  the  colony.  Tliey  con- 
stituted the  conservative  element  of  the 


I860.]     Free  CJmrch,  Free  Gosjiel,  a?id  Free  Government.  323 


government,  not  by  sliaring  its  powers  or 
functions,  but  by  infusing  into  its  councils 
by  their  preaching  and  their  teaching, 
and  their  daily  walk  and  conversation,  an 
elevated  moral  sentiment,  and  an  active 
religious  faith,  which  served  to  give  to  the 
policy  of  the  State,  consistency  as  well  as 
wisdom. 

They  constituted,  moreover,  the  only 
practically,  permanent  element  in  the 
body  politic.  While  every  civil  office, 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  was  elected 
for  a  single  year  only,  the  ministers  held 
their  office,  usually,  for  life.  The  govern- 
ment under  the  first  charter,  had  not 
even  the  principle  of  conservatism  of  a 
stable  judiciary,  so  that,  for  these  reasons, 
the  influence  of  the  clergy  served  as  a 
kind  of  balance  wheel  to  regulate,  while 
it  kept  in  motion,  the  other  parts  of  this 
delicate  and  complicated  machine. 

If,  then,  the  civil  government  was,  in 
fact,  independent  of  any  direct  control  of 
these  churches  and  their  ministers,  which 
sprung  up  wherever  a  town  was  settled 
and  organized,  Why,  it  may  be  asked, 
have  I  dwelt  so  much  at  length  upon  the 
constitution  and  operation  of  that  govern- 
ment, while  attempting  to  show  the  work- 
ing of  Congregationalism,  as  a  form  of 
Church  polity,  and  when,  of  course,  I 
must  refer  to  Connecticut  and  New 
Haven,  and,  at  a  later  period,  to  all  New 
England,  as  well  as  to  Plymouth  and 
Massachusetts,  for  my  illustrations  ?  I 
have  been  led  to  do  this,  to  show  that  the 
influences  of  religion  may  be  brought  to 
bear  upon  the  civil  polity  of  the  State, 
without  the  direct  instrumentality  of  any 
of  its  governmental  functions,  and  to  show, 
by  our  own  history,  the  great  political 
truth  that  a  pure  religion  is  an  essential 
element  in  the  practical  working  of  a  free 
government. 

I  have  done  it,  moreover,  to  show  the 
wonderful  adaptation  of  this  form  of 
Church  polity  to  the  genius  and  con- 
dition of  just  such  a  free  State  as  our 
fathers  aimed  to  establish  here.  Nay, 
more,  that  no  other  form  of  Church  polity, 


then  known,  could  have  supplied  the 
exigencies  and  been  adequate  to  the 
emergencies  of  such  a  State. 

How  long,  does  any  one  suppose,  they 
could  have  maintained  that  harmony  of 
sentiment,  or  that  high  personal  interest 
among  its  citizens  which  constituted  its 
moral,  and,  in  no  small  degree,  its  physi- 
cal power,  with  a  Church  like  that  which 
they  had  left,  governed  by  a  hierarchy 
emanating  from  the  crown,  and  consti- 
tuting an  imperium  in  imperio,  clashing 
with  and  thwarting  the  action  of  a  popular 
representative  government,  chosen  every 
year,  and  without  regard  to  their  being 
men  of  religious  culture  ? 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the- oligarchy 
of  Presbyterianism.  It  could  hardly  have 
failed  to  conflict  with  the  democratic  ele- 
ment of  the  State,  and  must  have  either 
led  to  such  an  union  with  the  government 
as  was  effected  in  Scotland,  or  alienated 
and  weakened  both  by  separate  and  inde- 
pendent action. 

In  those  colonies  where  the  govern- 
ment was  a  kind  of  vice  royalty,  and 
depended  far  less  than  in  New  England 
upon  the  popular  favor  of  the  colonists, 
the  form  of  Church  polity  was  compara- 
tively of  little  importance.  Virginia 
might,  therefore,  well  adopt  Episcopacy 
as  better  suited  to  the  taste  of  the  cava- 
liers who  settled  there ;  and  Lord  Balti- 
more, with  his  Catholic  establishment  in 
Maryland,  could,  without  exciting  jealousy 
or  opposition,  require  an  oath  from  its 
civil  officers  "  to  defend  and  maintain  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion  in  full  and  free 
exercise  thereof" 

Let  it  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  I 
would  ascribe  to  the  mere  system  of 
Church  government  the  influences  which 
I  have  associated  with  the  Congregation- 
ahsm  of  our  early  history. 

It  matters  very  little  what  name  we 
give  to  a  mere  dead  formalism. 

In  the  minds  of  the  Puritans,  their 
Church  polity  was  associated  with  a  living 
faith,  as  manifested  in  the  personal  re- 
ligion of  those  who  adopted  it. 


324         Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.      [July, 


And  when  I  add,  that  it  is  of  Congre- 
gationalism, as  thus  associated,  of  which  I 
am  speaking,  there  ■will  be  no  occasion 
for  my  stopping  to  explain,  before  this 
assembly,  the  great  distinctive  points  of 
the  faith  of  our  forefathers. 

In  choosing  for  themselves,  the  form  of 
Church  polity  -which  soon  became  estab- 
lished among  the  colonists,  it  might  seem 
extravagant  to  arrogate  for  the  leaders 
anything  like  inspiration.  And  yet,  if 
there  ever  was  a  class  of  men  who  seem 
to  have  reached  conclusions  by  a  kind  of 
intuition  upon  questions  which  required 
the  keenest  sagacity  and  most  comprehen- 
sive judgment  to  master,  it  was  the  men 
who  founded  end  framed  together  the 
civil  and  religious  institutions  of  New 
England.  They  struck  out,  for  example, 
at  a  single  heat,  that  wonderful  system  of 
free  schools ;  which  all  the  legislation  on 
the  subject,  ever  since,  has  only  served  to 
improve,  but  not  to  supersede. 

They  designed  and  perfected  that 
admirable  scheme  of  small  territorial 
divisions  into  towns,  each  with  a  local 
administration  of  its  own  affairs,  which 
covered  the  commonwealth  with  little 
democracies,  each  independent,  and  yet 
all  centering  in  a  general  government; 
and  did  more,  perhaps,  than  any  other 
cause,  to  vitalize  and  perpetuate  the  insti- 
tutions of  the  Church,  as  well  as  the  State, 
and  to  bring  the  individual  thought  and 
feeling  of  every  citizen  into  harmony  with 
the  government  itself.  It  is  not  extrava- 
gant to  say  that,  without  this  system  of 
town  organizations.  New  England  never 
could  have  been  the  New  England  of  his- 
tory, or  that  which  we  witness  to-da3\ 

Nor  did  they  show  a  less  sagacious  fore- 
sight, or  a  less  regard  for  a  well  regulated 
freedom,  in  their  Church  polity  than  in 
that  of  the  State. 

They  had  no  ambition  to  invent  any 
new  scheme  of  ecclesiastical  organization. 
They  had  been  familiar  with  Episcopacy, 
and  had  seen  the  workings  of  Presbyte- 
rianism.  They  had  had  an  opportunity 
to  compare  the  simpler  form  of  the  Inde- 


pendent, with  these  other  more  imposing 
systems.  And  when  they  found  them- 
selves at  liberty  to  adopt  the  one  best 
suited  to  their  condition,  they  chose  that 
which  had  been  consecrated,  as  it  were, 
by  the  wisdom  and  piety  and  prayers  of 
Robinson  and  Brewster,  and  had  been 
found  to  work  so  smoothly,  and  yet  so 
efficiently,  in  the  civil  economy  of  the  sis- 
ter colony  of  Plymouth. 

In  a  community  like  theirs,  at  the  be- 
ginning, where  everybody  was  religious 
from  conviction,  and  a  member  of  some 
Church  from  choice,  it  is  sometimes  diffi- 
cult to  determine  whether  to  ascribe  cer- 
tain measures  of  policy  which  they  adopt- 
ed, to  a  wish  to  build  up  the  Church  by  a 
direct  action  of  the  State,  or  to  borrow 
strength  for  the  State,  from  the  indirect 
influence  of  the  Church. 

But  if  we  study  into  the  history  of  their 
motives,  it  seems  to  me  they  were  mainly 
impelled  by  a  prevalent  desire  to  plant 
and  build  up  a  State  which  should  be  a 
Christian  Commonwealth.  For  this  end 
they  wished  every  citizen  to  feel  that 
upon  his  shoulders,  in  some  measure, 
rested  the  fabric  of  its  religious,  as  well  as 
its  civil  constitution.  They,  therefore, 
left  each  one  to  choose  to  which  of  the 
minor  organizations  he  would  unite  him- 
self by  covenant  and  profession,  and  gave 
to  every  one  an  equal  voice  in  the  selec- 
tion of  his  spiritual  guide  and  teacher. 
It  was  some  years  after  organizing  the 
colony,  before  it  was  required,  for  the 
orderly  management  of  their  affairs,  that 
those  Church  associations  should  be  ap- 
proved by  the  civil  government  in  order 
to  their  being  regarded  as  having  been 
properly  constituted,  and  it  was  still  later 
before  any  thing  like  a  synodical  action 
of  these  churches  came  under  the  cogni- 
zance of  the  civil  government.  It  gave 
them,  through  their  parochial  connection, 
just  enough  of  corporate  existence  to  rear 
their  humble  meeting  houses,  to  provide 
support  for  their  ministers,  and  manage 
their  temporal  affairs.  But  it  went  no 
further.     It  built  for  them  no  temples,  it 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         325 


consecrated  no  saintly  shrine,  it  reared 
no  majestic  cathedral  to  lend  dignity  or 
solemnity  to  their  worship.  It  lefl  the 
churches  and  the  clergy  to  regulate  their 
own  discipline  and  to  look  after  their  own 
peace  and  honor. 

The  colonists  had  seen  how  utterly  the 
attempt  at  conformity  had  failed  in  Eng- 
land, and  beyond  lending  its  aid  to  main- 
tain an  orderly  observance  of  the  Sabbath 
and  religious  rites,  the  civil  law  sought 
not  to  intei'fere  with  the  faith  or  worship 
of  its  citizens. 

I  have  been  the  more  anxious  to  estab- 
lish the  independence  of  the  Church  and 
the  State,  though  blended  and  mutually  co- 
operating with  each  other,  to  meet  what  has 
sometimes  been  urged  against  Congrega- 
tionalism, that  in  proportion  as  it  is  separ- 
ated from  association  with  the  State,  it  will 
be  sure  to  decline. 

Nor  was  there  any  occasion  for  any- 
thing more,  when  there  were  so  many 
agencies  at  work,  so  much  more  powerful 
than  the  civil  law  itself.  They  had  their 
Bible,  and  soon  set  up  a  printing-press. 
They  soon  had  their  free  schools,  and  they 
had  their  college.  They  had  a  pious  and 
learned  clergy  to  begin  with,  as  well  as  a 
people  trained  to  sober  reflection  and 
orderly  habits.  And  surely,  if  ever  the 
experiment  of  a  free  Church  and  a  free 
o-overnment,  each  affiliated,  and  yet  each 
independent,  could  haA'e  been  fairly  made, 
it  must  have  been  here  in  New  England, 
and  under  circumstances  like  these. 

And  this  experiment  has  been  going 
on  for  more  than  two  hundred  years. 
The  strength  which  it  might  have  bor- 
rowed, at  first,  from  the  character  of  those 
who  inaugurated  it,  has  long  since  ceased 
to  sustain  it.  The  founders  of  the  system, 
and  the  fathers  of  the  government,  have 
long  since  gone  home  to  their  reward,  and 
with  them  went  Brewster,  and  Higginsou, 
and  Wilson,  and  Cotton,  and  Hooker,  and 
Davenport,  leaving  behind  them,  that  for 
which  they  had  toiled,  and  prayed,  and 
Buffered,  to  continue  to  stamp  its  Influence 
upon  the  history  of  the  communities  they 
helped  to  plant. 


And  now,  when  it  has  had  time  to 
develop  its  fruits,  here  upon  its  native 
soil,  what  has  Congregationalism  proved 
itself  to  be  !  It  has  had  a  free  field  for 
whatever  it  had  of  good  or  evil  to  expand 
in,  and  what  do  we  find  it  to  be  now  ?  I 
grieve  that  I  have  so  little  time  left  in 
which  to  answer  this  deeply  interesting 
question. 

That  it  still  lives,  that  its  ranks  are  not 
yet  deserted,  that  its  churches  still  dot  the 
landscape,  and  that  a  pious,  devoted,  edu- 
cated ministry  still  serve  at  its  altars,  we 
need  no  other  evidence  than  that  which 
surrounds  us  here  on  this  passover  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  Nay,  more,  that, 
with  all  the  defections  which  the  world 
has  witnessed  from  time  to  time,  the 
same  substantial  elements  of  Christian 
faith  which  cheered  and  sustained  the 
Puritans  in  their  hours  of  darkness  and 
trial,  still  animate  the  great  heart  of  Con- 
gregationalism in  the  land  where  it  was 
planted. 

That  this  system,  in  all  its  parts  and 
appendages,  is  not  now  what  it  was  two 
hundred  years  ago,  is  merely  saying  that 
it  has  not  stood  still  while  everything 
around  it  was  making  progress.  It  may 
have  given  up  its  ruling  elders,  and  sub- 
stituted something  else  for  its  prophesy- 
ings.  Its  meeting-houses  may  conform 
more  strictly  to  the  rules  of  architecture 
than  the  unsightly  things  which  were  once 
perched  upon  the  central  hill-tops  in  the 
several  towns ;  and  we  might  search,  a 
long  time,  before  we  could  find  the  old 
canonical  sounding-board  still  overhanging 
a  pulpit.  It  will  probably  be  a  long  time 
before  the  scene — governors  and  all — 
will  be  repeated  which  WInthrop  de- 
scribes as  constituting  a  Sunday  afternoon 
service,  when  he  and  Mr.  Wilson  visited 
Plymouth,  In  1632,  "when  Mr.  Roger 
Williams,  according  to  their  custom,  pro- 
posed a  question,  to  which  the  pastor,  Mr. 
Smith,  spake  briefly,  then  Mr.  Williams 
prophesied,  and  after,  the  Governor  of 
Plymouth  spake  to  the  question,  after  him 
the  elder,  then  some  two  or  three  more  ol 


326         Free  Church,  Free  Gosjoel,  and  Free  Government.      [July, 


sired  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  and 
Mr.  Wilson  to  speak  to  it,  which  they  did. 
When  this  was  ended  the  Deacon,  Mr. 
Fuller,  put  the  congregation  in  mind  of 
their  duty  of  contribution,  whereupon  the 
governor  and  all  the  rest  went  down  to 
the  deacons'  seat  and  put  into  the  box 
and  then  returned." 

Think  of  eight  exercises  of  an  after- 
noon— Summer  or  Winter — especially  the 
latter,  before  the  days  of  stoves  or  fur- 
naces, or  physical  comfort ;  surely  no  one 
can  reasonably  complain  that  age,  in  its 
progress,  has  lopped  off  some  excrescences, 
even  from  Congregational  preaching  ! 

But  I  was  asking  you  to  look  at  its 
fruits  as  we  now  see  them.  Which  of  its 
institutions  has  the  State  outgrown,  or  of 
which  of  them  has  legislation  got  in  ad- 
vance, even  at  this  day  ?  If  there  ever 
was  a  union  of  Church  and  State,  in  the 
form  of  Congregationalism,  when  was  it 
severed,  and  by  what  act  of  Church  or 
State  was  it  dissolved  ?  Something  be- 
sides Church  membership  has  become  the 
test  of  the  elective  franchise,  and  the 
tything-man  has  degenerated  into  a  harm- 
less sinecure,  while  everybody  may  preach 
and  everybody  may  hear,  under  the  name 
of  Christian  ordinances,  every  shade  of 
dogma,  from  the  five  points  of  Calvin, 
down  to  the  last  phase  of  Spiritualism,  or 
the  last  tirade  of  Socialism  against  Reve- 
lation. 

But  have  its  churches  lost  their  vitality, 
or  have  its  pulpits,  so  long  as  they  con- 
tent themselves  to  proclaim  the  word  of 
God,  ceased  to  exert  their  accustomed 
conservative  influence  over  the  people, 
and,  through  them,  over  the  government 
itself? 

If  the  Church  has,  in  fact,  become 
powerless,  why  does  every  new  reformer, 
who  begins  with  trying  to  overthrow  the 
foundations  of  Society,  think  it  necessary 
to  make  war,  first,  upon  the  Christian 
Church  and  its  pulpit  ?  Take  away  the 
elements  of  stability  and  conservatism 
which  these  supply,  and  where  are  we  to 


look  for  an  anchor  by  which  the  State 
itself  can  hold  on  ?     ' 

The  State  needs,  as  an  element  of  moral 
strength,  something  that  does  more  than 
to  agitate  and  disturb  the  surface  of  so- 
ciety ;  something  that  reaches  deeper 
and  permeates  it  more  thoroughly  ;  some- 
thing that  may  purify  the  fountain  of  that 
mighty  current  that  is  carrying  along  the 
State  and  all  its  varied  interests,  instead 
of  a  mere  splashing  and  dabbling  in  its 
shallow  pools  and  eddies  of  dirty  waters, 
which  selfish  strife  and  passion  have  been 
stirring  up.  The  State  needs,  in  short, 
that  unobtrusive,  yet  resistless  power, 
which  has  animated  the  zeal  of  good  men 
in  every  stage  of  her  history,  to  guide  and 
control  the  very  freedom  she  enjoys. 
She  needs  it  in  no  other  form  than  the 
Bible  and  the  pulpit.  But  she  does  need 
it  in  this.  And  when  from  a  so-called 
tenderness  of  conscience,  men  would  seek 
to  strike  out  one  of  the  corner-stones  of 
their  free  government,  by  excluding  the 
Bible  from  their  schools,  they  are  bound 
to  find  something  to  supply  its  place,  if 
they  regard  it,  simply,  as  a  question  of 
political  wisdom.  The  Bible  and  the 
Christian  Church,  in  some  form,  can  live 
without  the  aid  of  government.  But  how 
long  government  can  live,  after  having 
discarded  these,  is  told  in  a  single  chapter 
of  the  history  of  the  French  Republic. 

But  after  all,  there  are  so  many  things 
to  find  fault  with  in  this  democratic  form 
of  ecclesiastical  polity,  would  it  not  be 
better  to  give  it  up  for  something  that 
shall  give  more  peace  to  the  Church,  and 
offer  less  temptation  to  turbulence  and 
excitement  ?  Is  there  not  somewhere  a 
retreat  where  men  who  want  quiet,  can, 
like  Blackstone,  when  he  went  off  from 
Shawmut,  get  away  from  the  rule  of 
"  Lord's  Brethren,"  though,  in  doing  so, 
they  go  back,  as  he  was  willing  to  do, 
unto  that  of  the  "  Lord's  Bishops  V" 

But  how  is  it  among  these  very  Lord's 
Bishops  ?  How  is  it  in  England  herself, 
with  her  national  establishment,  her  tithes, 
her  power  of  family,  her  constitutional 


I860.]     Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government.         327 


attachment  to  formality,  and  whatever  is 
traditional,  in  respect  to  the  Church  there  V 
Is  she  quiet  ?  Is  there  no  schism  there  ?  • 
no  High  Church  and  Low  Church  ?  no 
Tractarian  and  Evangelical  polemics 
among  those  who  sit  down  at  the  same 
great  table  that  is  spread  for  all  ?  Are 
there  no  longer  any  evangelical  Dis- 
senters from  that  Church,  although  "  its 
doctrinal  confessions  and  discourses,"  ac- 
cording to  Macaulay,  "  set  forth  principles 
of  theology  in  which  Calvin  and  Knox 
would  have  found  scarcely  a  word  to  dis- 
approve ?"  Could  we  hope  to  carry  out 
the  experiment  of  universal  peace  and 
harmony  in  any  one  Church  here,  any 
more  successfully  than  has  been  done  in 
that  ancient  and  well  assimilated  commu- 
nity ? 

In  this,  however,  I  am  not  discussing 
the  right  or  the  wrong  of  these  two  sys- 
tems, nor  which  of  them  is  most  conform- 
able to  the  standard  which  the  founder  of 
our  religion,  or  his  disciples,  instituted  for 
ordering  a  Church.  My  object  is  to  com- 
pare the  practical  results,  so  far  as  har- 
monious action  is  concerned,  of  a  Church 
constituted  like  that  of  England,  with  all 
its  aids  in  securing  uniformity  and  con- 
sistency among  its  members,  and  that 
democratic  organization  which  is  found  in 
the  constitution  of  Congregationalism  as 
we  see  it  exhibited  in  New  England. 

It  is  by  no  means  fair  to  infer  that 
because  we  here  and  there,  in  our  own 
country,  see  a  select  Society  drawn 
together  by  affinities  of  taste  and  habits  of 
thought,  going  on  in  harmony  under  some 
other  form  of  Church  organization  than 
our  own,  that  it  is  owing  to  a  better  sys- 
tem of  polity  or  discipline,  or  that  it  would 
serve  for  the  great  body  of  Christians  in  a 
free  country,  better  than  that  has  done 
which  has  been  so  long  tried  in  New 
England.  We  could  readily  select  a 
score  of  families,  from  almost  any  con- 
siderable neighborhood,  who  would  live  on 
In  peace  and  harmony,  paying  their  debts, 
exchanging  acts  of  kindness  with  each 
other,  and  fulfilling  their  social  duties,  if 


every  law  on  the  statute  book  were  blotted 
out,  or  every  court  of  justice  abolished. 
It  Is  not  for  such  men  that  laws  were 
made  ;  nor  would  any  man,  in  his  sober 
senses,  think  of  framing  a  system  of  laws 
for  a  whole  community,  based  upon  the 
wants  of  such  a  community  as  I  have 
supposed. 

Not  only  has  Congregationalism  gone 
through  the  infancy  of  our  government, 
but  it  has  continued  to  be  an  active  prin- 
ciple in  all  the  shifting  forms  and  stages 
of  that  government — the  most  free  as  well 
as  the  most  stringent.  It  supplied  the 
need  of  the  Massachusetts,  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred souls,  under  Winthrop.  It  is  none 
the  less  adequate  to  the  wants  of  the  mil- 
lion that  now  crowd  its  cities  and  villages, 
and  fill  Its  thousand  walks  of  trade  and 
business.  And  though  it  counts  its  years 
by  generations  and  by  centuries,  it  has  the 
elements  of  rejuvenation  as  fresh  and  as 
active  to-day,  as  when  its  first  prayer 
went  up  from  the  deck  of  the  Mayflower, 
as  she  swung  on  her  anchor  in  the  harbor 
of  Plymouth. 

That  It  sometimes  falls  to  do  all  in  the 
way  of  Church  order  that  might  be  de- 
sired. Is  undoubtedly  true.  But  it  may 
be  well,  sometimes,  to  ask  whether  the 
fault  is  in  the  system,  or  the  timid  or  time- 
serving manner  in  which  it  Is  adminis- 
tered ?  Is  It  an  unheard  of  concurrence 
of  circumstances,  for  a  high-minded,  con- 
scientious, devoted  minister,  to  be  settled 
over  a  Church  or  Society,  with  a  prag- 
matical, forth-putting  officer  in  the  one, 
or  some  imperious,  self-willed,  wealthy 
tax-payer  in  the  other,  to  whose  whims 
and  caprices  the  pastor  cannot  consistently 
square  his  preaching,  or  conform  his  opin- 
ions, till,  at  length,  an  issue  is  made  up 
between  the  conscience  and  self-respect 
of  the  one,  and  the  arrogance,  or  pride 
and  purse,  of  the  other,  which  a  council 
has,  at  last,  to  decide  ?  And  has  It  never 
happened,  that  under  such  a  state  of 
things,  instead  of  standing  by  the  right, 
though  the  heavens  were  to  fall,  and  call- 
ing things  by  their  right  names,  good  men 


328         Free  Church,  Free  Gospel,  and  Free  Government      [July, 


have  been  found  willing,  in  order  to  seek 
out  "  the  things  that  make  for  peace,"  to 
inflict  a  wound  upon  a  brother,  under  the 
name  of  restoring  harmony  to  a  Church  ? 

When  injustice  triumphs  over  right  in  a 
court  of  law,  we  lay  the  blame  upon  the 
fallible  men  who  administer  it,  rather 
than  the  law  itself.  And,  till  some  system 
shall  have  made  men  better,  freer,  hap- 
pier or  more  prosperous  than  that  which 
has  tempered,  and  purified,  and  strength- 
ened the  government  under  which  we 
live,  from  its  infancy  to  the  present  hour, 
it  would  be  wor^-e  than  folly  to  discard 
either  its  faith  or  its  polity. 

It  could  not  be  done,  with  our  present 
form  of  government,  if  we  would.  Its 
foundations  are  laid  too  deep  in  the  very 
constitution  of  society  to  be  easily  moved, 
in  the  voluntary  associations  of  men  into 
churches,  bound  together  by  a  common 
tie  of  sympathy,  and  a  deep  conviction  on 
the  part  of  each,  that,  in  thus  coming  to- 
gether, ihey  are  obeying  the  last  solemn 
mandate  of  him  who  founded  the  Church, 
and  that  they,  in  so  doing,  regardless  of 
traditional  forms,  are  following  out  the 
dictates  of  a  sensitive  and  awakened  con- 
science. If,  let  me  add,  in  such  an  organi- 
zation, men's  faith  is  but  right,  their  Church 
government  will  not  be  wrong. 

Here,  then,  is  the  primal,  integral  ele- 
ment of  Congregational  power.  And  that 
is  a  scarcely  less  effective  one,  which  it 
derives  from  its  body  of  teachers,  freely 
elected  and  voluntarily  supported  by  the 
peojDle  as  well  as  the  Church,  who  act 
upon  each  other,  while  acting  upon  the 
community,  by  their  preaching,  their  ex- 
ample, and  their  lives.  And  as  we  look 
around  upon  whatever  constitutes  the 
State,  we  should  not  forget  how  much  of 
•what  is  excellent  in  these  Is  due  to  the 
influence  of  just  such  churches  as  are  now 
at  work  upon  the  great  heart  of  the  peo- 
ple at  a  thousand  points,  and  through  a 
thousand  avenues. 

And  yet  is  there  not  danger,  as  many 
charge  is  the  case,  that  this  intimate  con- 
nection with  the   popular  pulse  may  be 


made  the  means  of  diverting  the  moral 
power  of  the  Church  from  its  highest,  and 
what  should  be  its  leading  aim  ?  Great 
numbers,  we  are  told,  are  crowding  into 
other  churches,  to  escape  from  the  agita- 
tions and  outside  causes  of  disturbance 
which  Avill  not  leave  them  at  rest  in  this. 

If  this  be  true — if  the  world's  passions 
and  temporal  issues  are  ever  suffered  to 
intrude,  as  a  disturbing  element,  Into  the 
sacred  precincts  which  the  Church  was 
intended  to  occupy — there  is  a  double 
need,  not  only  of  a  wise  and  learned  and 
pious  ministry,  but  that  It  still  should  be 
what  it  has  been,  what  it  may  be,  and 
what  I  believe  God  meant  It  should  be — 
a  conservative  power  to  check  excited 
passion,  and  correct  a  w^ayward  and  Ill- 
regulated  zeal.  In  these  days  of  steam, 
when  everything  Is  under  high  pressure, 
and  everybody  Is  ready  to  add  fuel  to  the 
flame,  urging  on  the  machine,  no  matter 
whom  it  crushes  in  Its  progress,  the  people 
want  a  guiding  hand,  and  a  restraining 
power,  to  save  them  from  the  peril  of  their 
headlong  course.  And  where,  when  con- 
stitutions are  being  frittered  away  ;  when 
even  the  Judiciary  Is  In  danger  of  losing, 
by  Its  own  rashness  or  folly,  or  the  mis- 
guided zeal  of  reformers,  the  exercise  of 
that  conservative  power  which  was  once  a 
great  safe-guard  of  our  liberties,  shall  we 
look  for  this  guiding,  restraining  Influence, 
If  it  may  no  longer  be  found  in  the  sober 
judgment,  the  subdued  passion,  and  the 
wise  counsel  of  the  pulpit,  as  it  Is  exerted 
ujjon  the  Church  and  the  people  ?  If 
that,  too,  should  become  the  engine  of 
strife  and  passionate  excitement,  who, 
that  loves  peace  or  feels  for  the  honor  of 
the  faith  he  professes,  would  not  be  ready 
td  seek  It  anywhere,  though  it  were  in  a 
new  and  untried  field  of  refuge  and  safety  ? 

Gentlemen  of  this  Association  :  I  have 
more  than  exhausted  my  time,  and  yet  I 
am  compelled  to  leave  this  field  in  which 
you  are  laboring,  still  teeming  with  early 
and  hallowed  associations  and  the  gar- 
nered treasures  of  the  past.  It  is  for  you, 
as  you  are  now  doing,  to  build  up  a  nobler 


I860.] 


^^ Church  and  Society' 


329 


monument  than  art  or  genius  ever  chis- 
eled in  stone  or  fashioned  in  bronze,  in 
the  names,  the  deeds,  the  wisdom  and  the 
piety  of  the  Puritan  founders  of  the  com- 
monwealth,— the  fathers  of  Congregation- 
alism in  New  England. 

The  past  of  its  history  you  know.  The 
future  can  only  be  read  in  the  light  of 
what  has  been. 

When  we  look  upon  our  thickening  pop- 
ulation, its  strange  mixture  of  races  and 
tongues,  of  creeds  and  opinions,  and 
remember  that  these  are  to  have  free  and 
unrestricted  play,  and  ask  ourselves,  in 
the  light  of  reason,  where  shall  we  look 
for  a  safeguard  against  danger,  we  are 
answered  in  the  language  of  one  whose 
opinions  I  have  more  than  once  quoted, 


"  There  is  only  one  cure  for  the  evils 
which  newly  acquired  freedom  produces, 
and  that  is  Freedom." 

But  when  we  turn  to  what,  in  the 
Providence  of  God,  has  been  witnessed 
here  in  New  England,  is  it  too  much  to 
believe  that  there  is  still  a  conservative 
element  of  power  within  the  body  politic, 
in  the  relation  between  a  free  Church,  a 
free  Gospel,  and  a  free  Civil  Government, 
which  the  Puritans  of  New  England  de- 
veloped two  centuries  ago  ? 

Is  it  too  much  to  believe,  that  the  true 
history,  and  character,  and  fruits  of  their 
faith  and  their  polity,  will  only  be  accom- 
plished and  measured,  when  the  promised 
reign  of  the  Messiah  shall  have  begun 
upon  the  earth  ? 


CHURCH  AND  SOCIETY.' 


BY    EEV.    HENRY    M.    STORRS,      CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


The  question  underlying  this  phrase 
has  not  been  much  discussed.  Perhaps 
its  discussion  will  be  deemed  of  little 
present  practical  worth.  The  custom 
with  which  we  have  now  to  do  is  too  gen- 
eral, perhaps,  and  too  deeply  fixed,  to 
admit  of  serious  modifications,  however 
desirable.  The  kindness  of  editorial  sug- 
gestion must  save  the  following  thoughts 
from  seeming  out  of  place  in  this  Quar- 
terly  of  the  churches. 

As  is  well  known,  the  custom  In  our 
own  and  some  other  denominations  has 
been  to  connect  with  each  Church  an 
Ecclesiastical  Society,  for  the  legal  con- 
duct of  its  temporalities  ;  and  to  make  thai 
Society  of  a  mixed  character ;  in  part  of 
Church  members,  and  in  part  of  those 
who  are  not  such.  "  All  pew-holders,"  as 
one  Church  Manual  before  us  reads ;  "  all 
members  of  the  Church,"  and  "  all  persons 
who  contribute  regularly  to  support  the 
stated  worship  of  the  congregation,"  as 
another  has  it,  "  shall  be  entitled  to  mem- 
bership In  the  Society."  These  quotations 
fairly  set  forth  the  general  custom.  The 
VOL.  II.  36 


result,  uniformly,  is  a  mixed  Society,  partly 
Church  members  and  partly  not. 

To  the  "  Society "  thus  compounded, 
are  committed  such  matters  of  finance  as 
the  erection  or  repair  of  buildings ;  the 
support  of  preaching  ;  the  management  of 
property  in  trust  for  the  uses  of  worship ; 
the  Church,  as  such,  having  nothing  to  do 
with  these  business  matters.  They  are 
judged  to  lie  within  the  province  of  the 
"  Society."  And  thus  the  phrase  grows 
up,  "  Church  and  Society." 

Now  there  is  nothing,  it  is  manifest,  in 
the  shape  of  natural  or  legal  necessities, 
to  hinder  the  Church  from  administering 
the  properties,  from  making  the  contracljs, 
from  raising  and  pledging  the  means  re- 
quired for  the  "  support  of  the  stated 
worship  ;"  in  short,  from  doing  all  that  is 
now  done  by  the  "  Society."  Thus  the 
question  arises.  Why  have  the  Society  at 
all  ?  Why  should  not  this  conglomerate 
body  be  done  away — the  Church  assuming 
all  its  functions — thus  simplifying  the 
whole  matter  ?  This,  substantially,  is  the 
question  of  this  article. 


330 


"  Church  and  Society T 


[July, 


As  we  find  this  "  mixed  Society "  an 
established  institution,  it  may  be  proper 
to  begin  by  noting  what  is  urged  in  its 
favor. 

1.  That  it  is  the  established  custom, 
and  therefore  to  be  preserved.  The  fact 
of  its  existence ;  of  its  having  come  down 
to  us,  if  only  from  a  single  generation ;  is 
to  be  counted  on  its  side.  It  is  thus  the 
result  of  experiment.  It  is  an  accepted 
solution.  No  untried  plan  can  claim  so 
much.  But,  still  further.  Being  an  estab- 
lished custom,  any  attempt  to  supersede 
it,  were  likely  to  involve  temporary  con- 
fusion, hard  feeling  in  some  quarters,  and 
positive  alienations  in  others. 

2.  This  plan  of  a  "  mixed  Society " 
interests  many  unconverted  men,  of  each 
conorregation,  in  religious  things  :  bringing 
them,  as  it  were,  into  the  "  court  of  the 
Gentiles ;"  leading  them  to  feel  more  sen- 
sibly their  own  spiritual  wants ;  deepening 
their  regard  for  the  institutions  of  worship  ; 
surrounding  them  insensibly  with  religious 
influences ;  and  thus,  in  many  ways,  "  open- 
ing their  hearts  "  at  length,  to  divine  and 
saving  impressions. 

3.  This  plan  of  a  "  mixed  Society  " 
also  contributes  to  obtain  their  pecuniary 
assistance.  An  opposite  course  might 
drive  them  ofi",  but  they  are  willing  to 
give  liberally,  so  long  as  they  are  thus  per- 
mitted the  management  of  the  funds,  the 
election  of  Trustees,  or  the  passing  directly 
upon  appropriations.  Nor  is  this,  it  is 
said,  a  merely  mercenary  argument ;  for 
"  where  their  treasure  is,  their  hearts  will 
be  also  ;"  if  they  invest  their  funds  in  the 
cause  of  religion,  they  will  be  likely  to 
place  their  afi'ections  there.  Let  the 
Church,  then,  be  content  to  manage  the 
spiritualities  as  she  will,  but  let  the  pcw- 
holders  have  the  department  of  temporali- 
ties. This  is  a  distribution  not  only  wise 
and  fair,  but  eminently  expedient,  if  not 
absolutely  necessary.  The  wiser  heads 
of  the  congregation,  in  the  management 
of  money  matters,  are  olten  outside  the 
Church.  And  moreover,  many  of  our 
churches  are  so  dependent  on  this  outside 


aid,  thus  solicited,  that  they  would  be  at 
once  extinguished  without  it.  They  are 
compelled  to  use  every  possible  solicita- 
tion. They  cannot  go  alone.  It  is  there- 
fore wise  to  cherish  a  plan  which  expe- 
rience has  found  to  act  as  a  soliciting 
inducement  to  outsiders. 

4.  And  then,  by  our  system,  the  pew- 
holder,  outside  the  Church,  is  required  to 
pay  his  full  share  in  supporting  gospel  ^ 
institutions.  This  "  mixed  Society,"  there- 
fore, is  his  right.  He  ought  to  have  a 
vote  on  the  funds.  "  No  taxation  with- 
out representation,"  is  his  word.  The 
pew-rent  claims  a  word  as  to  pulpit  sup- 
ply. The  Church  borrows — the  world 
lends ;  and  here,  as  elsewhere,  the  bor- 
rower must  contentedly  be  servant  to  the 
lender.  Justice  itself  calls  for  a  Society 
organization  wider  than  the  Church,  be- 
cause the  Church  does  not  include  all  the 
tax-payers.  If  it  would  claim  this  exclu- 
sive management,  it  must  first  furnish 
them  gospel  institutions  at  its  own  charges, 
laying  no  taxation  upon  those  outside  of  it. 
Admitting  them  to  no  share  in  voting,  it 
must  first  cease  calling  on  them  to  furnish 
the  funds  to  be  voted  away. 

This  last  argument  seems  to  us  the 
heart  of  the  whole  difficulty.  In  it  is  a 
plea  of  justice.  So  long  as  non-church 
members  are  subject  to  taxation,  open  or 
covert,  they  have  a  just  claim  upon  a 
vote,  and  the  "mixed  Society"  remains  a 
necessity  of  justice.  While  taxed  to  pay 
the  minister,  they  must  be  allowed  a  voice 
as  to  who  he  shall  be.  AVhile  taxed  to 
build  or  repair  the  church-house,  they 
will  justly  claim  to  be  heard  upon  its 
cost,  style  and  appointments ;  and  so  of 
other  things. 

The  whole  subject  therefore  resolves  it- 
self into  this:  Whether  each  Church  shall 
undertake  the  support  of  the  stated  wor- 
ship of  its  congregation,  without  anj-  tax- 
ation, covert  or  open,  of  those  who  are  not 
its  members.  The  abolition  of  the  mixed 
Society  carries  with  it  the  pew-rent  or 
pew-tax  system  ;  indeed  any  system  which 
proposes  to  raise  the  funds  indiscriminately 


I860.] 


"  Church  and  Society/. 


331 


from  members  of  the  Church,  and  others. 
They  stand  or  fall  together.  Siamese 
twins,  their  lives  are  intermingled.  If  the 
mixed  taxation  is  to  remain,  justice  de- 
mands the  "  mixed  Society "  to  be  pre- 
served. But  if  it  were  abolished,  the 
other  would  soon  follow  ;  for 

1.  This  "mixed  Society"  system  is  a 
needlessly  cumbrous  appendage.  Such  a 
Society,  as  something  separate  and  dis- 
tinct from  the  Church,  is  not  needed,  and 
therefore  is  an  evil ;  we  want  the  ut- 
most simplicity.  No  merchant  will  keep 
two  sets  of  books,  where  one  would  do. 
Is  not  a  Church  competent  in  law  to  hold 
property,  to  administer  trusts,  to  raise 
funds,  to  enter  into  legal  contracts  with 
the  minister  or  the  architect  ?  Why  call 
first  a  Church  meeting,  and  then  its  bas- 
tard duplicate — a  "  Society  meeting" — if 
a  minister  is  to  be  settled  ?  The  answer 
commonly  is,  that  the  Society  meeting  is 
intended  to  provide  for  his  salary.  But 
what  is  to  prevent  the  Church  from  being 
made  competent  for  that  ?  In  brief,  all 
which  the  Society  now  does  the  Church 
might  do  as  well,  or,  as  we  shall  see,  much 
better,  for  various  reasons.     But, 

2.  This  "  mixed  Society"  plan  also  in- 
volves an  inconsistency.  The  business 
■which  it  undertakes  properly  belongs  to 
the  Church.  Take,  for  example,  the  pro- 
viding and  holding  of  a  building  for  wor- 
ship. Who  is  to  worship  there  ?  The 
Church.  We  deceive  ourselves  and  them 
sadly,  when  we  call  others  "  worshipers." 
In  no  sense  are  they  such.  The  Church 
is  to  furnish  a  building  for  itself — a  church- 
house,  for  its  convenience  in  its  twofold 
work  of  profiting  itself,  and  holding  forth 
the  gospel  to  the  perishing.  It  is  no  town- 
house,  or  parish-house  ;  no  mere  meeting- 
house. It  is  the  church-house,  and  there- 
fore the  Church,  as  such,  ought  to  build 
it,  and  own  it,  and  make  it  free  to  all 
comers.  If  it  Is  the  church-house,  then  it 
is  not  to  be  owned  and  controlled  by  in- 
discriminate pew-holders.  A  "  mixed 
Society"  should  be  taxed  neither  to  build 
or  furnish  it,  or  administer  upon  It  in  any 
way. 


Take  that  other  matter,  of  settling  and 
providing  for  a  minister.  Who  and  what 
Is  he  ?  The  local  Church,  after  providing 
the  house  for  its  twofold  work,  needs  the 
help  of  one,  two  or  more  men,  especially 
fitted.  In  doing  it.  And  these  are  the 
ministers  ;  the  agents,  the  overseers  ;  the 
voices  of  the  Church,  engaged  for  the 
Church  in  its  own  work.  Who  then 
should  appoint  and  provide  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  minister  ?  The  Church,  whose 
agent  and  voice  he  is,  or  some  "  mixed 
Society  "  ?  The  New  Testament  doctrine 
Is  this :  "  God  hath  set  some  in  the 
Church,"  &c.  "  He  gave  pastors  and 
teachers  for  the  edifying  of  the  body  of 
Chrlxt."  "  The  Holy  Ghost  hath  made 
them  overseers,  to  feed  the  Church  of  God." 
They  are  "  elders  of  the  churches,"  and 
"  angels  of  the  churches."  They  hold 
office  of  God,  through  the  churches,  by  the 
New  Testament ;  but  in  our  plan  the  in- 
consistency is  seen  of  an  office  in  the 
Church  conferred,  or  refused,  by  the  vote 
of  a  mixed  Soclet}' ;  and  the  expenses  of 
it  borne  and  raised  by  a  mixed  Society,  in 
which  unconverted  and  worldly  men  may, 
and  not  infrequently  do,  greatly  prepon- 
derate. This  is  an  Inconsistency  ;  —  a 
Church  office  held  at  the  pleasure  and 
vote,  of  a  mixed  and  largely  unconverted 
Society.  These  illustrations  must  an- 
swer ;  for  we  wish.  In  passing,  to  mention 
that  this  plan  is  not  only  cumbrous  and 
inconsistent,  but  also, 

3.  Fruitful  of  difficulties.  It  Is  enough 
barely  to  mention  this.  Many  of  our 
readers  will  recall,  from  recent  or  remote 
history,  instances  of  disagreement  between 
the  Church  and  the  Society,  Involving 
strife,  loss,  bitterness,  and  every  evil  work. 
Acting  on  different  principles,  often  for 
different  ends,  and  guided  by  a  different 
spirit ;  we  are  not  surprised  at  their  disa- 
greements and  divisions  in  practical  ac- 
tion ;  or  that  the  Church  should  sometimes 
find  itself  sadly  hindered  or  even  thwarted 
in  its  work. 

These  and  other  considerations  lead  us 
to  believe  that  if  the  mixed  taxation  were 


332 


^^  Church  and  Societi/^ 


[July, 


abolished,  the  mixed  Society  would  follow. 
But  our  churches  shrink  from  that  step. 
They  are  uncertain  —  they  are  fearful 
of  boldly  undertaking  to  furnish  the  gos- 
pel freely,  "  without  money  and  without 
price,"  to  the  perishing  world.  If  that 
perishing  world  is  to  drink  at  this  foun- 
tain, it  must  pay  its  share  for  it,  under 
some  open  or  disguised  method  of  taxation. 
They  shrink  —  but  from  what  would  be 
their  ultimate  strength  and  glory. 

We  are  brought  now,  then,  fairly  in 
front  of  the  question  whether  this  system 
of  mixed  taxation  should  be  abolished  ? 

In  deciding  this,  we  may  look  at  the 
working  of  our  present  system  upon  three 
several  parties:  1st,  the  Church ;  2d,  the 
minister  ;  3d,  the  outlying  community. 

1.  What,  then,  its  effect  on  the  Church? 
Its  first  effect  is  disobedience.    Christ  gave 
into  the  hands  of  his  Church,  the  preach- 
ing of  his  gospel.     The  children  of  the 
kingdoms  of  this  world,  support  their  king- 
doms.    The  children  of  Christ's  kingdom 
ought   to  carry   on   its  operations.     The 
citizens  of  any  earthly  nation  pay  its  taxes. 
The  citizens  of  the  Christian  nation  should 
pay  its  taxes.     This  is  natural  justice. 
But,  beyond  this,  Christ,  the  Great  Head 
of  this  nation,  left  it  in  charge  of  certain 
work.     "  Go,"  said  He,  "  preach  my  gos- 
pel to  every  creature."     This  command 
he  laid  upon  the  Church  ;  upon  his  disci- 
ples, his  recipient  followers ;  and  not  upon 
the  worldly  ones  that  as  yet  knew  nothing 
of  that  gospel,  that  have  no  citizenship  in 
his  kingdom.     His  first  disciples  so  under- 
stood him.     It  is  John's  record — alas  !  not 
often  read  in  our  time,  coming  as  it  does 
in  his  short  epistle,  and  less  noted,  we 
fear,   than  read  —  "That  for  his  name's 
sake  they  went  forth,  taking  nothing  of 
the  Genliles."     That  was  their  obedience. 
But  our  plan  contemplates  the  "  spoiling 
of  the  Egyptians."     With  us  the  churches 
lay  off  so  much  of  the  burden  of  furnish- 
ing the  gospel  to  the  perishing  around 
them,  as  they  can  persuade  a  company  of 
worldly  pew-holders  to  carry.     And,  like 
all  omissions  or  refusals  of  Christian  office, 


this  works  evil  to  the  churches.     "  Obe- 
dience is  better." 

But  further  :  this  plan  works  covet ous- 
ness,  in  our  churches.  When  they  begin 
to  lay  off  Christ's  burdens  to  save  money 
to  their  members,  are  they  not  fostering 
covetousness  ?  Do  they  not  then  begin 
to  reckon  upon  their  gains  ? 

What  is  the  necessary  effect  of  being 
thus  unequally  yoked  together  with  unbe- 
lievers, as  we  behold  them  associated  in 
these  "  mixed  Societies  ?"  Can  a  man 
touch  pitch,  and  not  be  defiled  ?  The 
ruling  spirit  in  the  unconverted  world  is 
covetousness.  Will  not  this  vice  rule  in 
their  counsels,  their  advice  ?  Will  it  not 
work  in  their  Society  meetings  ?  Can 
Church  members  listen  to  their  counsels 
there,  without  hearing  what  will  quicken 
and  strengthen  the  remains  of  covetous- 
ness in  themselves  V  When  did  ever  this 
world  plan  great  things  for  the  spirituali- 
ties of  the  heavenly  kingdom  ?  Church 
members  are  satisfied,  at  length,  measuring 
themselves  by  the  standard  which  the  un- 
loving hearts  of  their  worldly  associates, 
in  these  Societies,  adopt.  In  all  matters 
pertaining  to  Christ's  kingdom,  the  Church 
ought  to  receive  no  counsel,  upon  ques- 
tions of  expenditure,  from  this  world.  It 
cannot  do  it  without  listening  to  covetous- 
ness. We  never  shall  come,  as  Church 
members,  to  plan  great  and  glorious  sacri- 
fices of  our  property,  till  we  are  divorced 
from  these  associates  ia  counsel. 

This  plan,  too,  works  not  covetousness 
alone,  hut  feebleness  also.  It  is  urged  that 
our  present  plan  is  the  salvation  of  the 
feeble  churches,  by  securing  the  pecuniary 
assistance  of  many  worldly  men.  But  do 
we  not  lose  more  than  we  gain  ?  What 
can  compensate  for  the  introduction  of 
worldly  men's  counsels  among  Church 
members,  in  place  of  the  spirit  of  sacrifice? 
There  is  more  power  of  Church  support, 
in  the  unchilled  spirit  of  self-sacrifice, 
born  of  love  to  Christ,  in  the  heart  of  one 
poor  Christian  man,  than  in  the  wealth  of 
many  worldly  men.  Our  churches  have 
been  growing  feeble  from  using  worldly 


1860.] 


"  Church  and  Society T 


props.  They  might  now  be  unable  to  go 
alone,  if  those  worldly  props  were  re- 
moved. But  this  would  be  temporary.  The 
spirit  of  Christ's  love  would  flame  up  in 
their  hearts  again,  when  left  free,  and 
unchllled  sacrifices  Avould  rule  the  hour 
once  more.  They  would  be  strong  in  the 
Lord.  All  things  again  would  be  held  in 
common  for  Christ's  purposes — a  new  life 
would  fill  their  shrunken  veins. 

And  then,  once  more,  with  something  of 
paradox,  this  plan  works  in  the  churches 
the  spirit  ofoutivard  extravagance,  mortify- 
ing and  debt-contracting.  Of  the  inward, 
spiritual  work  laid  on  the  churches,  the 
worldly  know  nothing.  Of  outlays  for 
interior  results,  they  have  no  proper  esti- 
mation. But  of  outlays  for  costly  build- 
ings, for  exterior  show,  for  what  "  sense  " 
can  discern  and  glory  in,  they  have  livelier 
notions.  Our  expensive  and  debt-con- 
tracting structures —  those  sepulchers  of 
churches,  often  ;  those  mausoleums  of  an 
overlain,  crushed  and  buried  piety ; 
would  never  have  grown  out  of  the 
churches  relying  on  their  own  means. 
They  are  the  product  of  worldly  alliance, 
of  this  "  mixed  Society  "  plan,  wherein  a 
Church  takes  counsel  of  its  "  Society  " 
associates,  and  follows  the  lead  of  their 
tastes.  A  Church  influenced  by  the  Holy 
Ghost,  would  have  husbanded  a  greater 
proportion  of  its  means  for  carrying  on 
the  interior  and  spiritual  work  belonging 
to  it.  But  its  worldly  associates  persuade 
it  to  lavish  them  disproportionately  upon 
things  of  outward  show,  to  incur  crushing 
indebtedness,  such  as  that  under  which 
our  churches  are  this  day  groaning  in 
half  the  land. 

2.  What  is  its  effect  upon  the  minister  ? 
Briefly,  first  of  all,  he  is  placed  in  a 
radically  false  position.  Is  he  appointed 
of  God  to  the  Church  ?  But  he  receives 
his  appointment,  in  part  at  least,  through 
the  world.  Or,  Is  he  regarded  as  the 
preaching  mouth  of  the  Church  to  the 
perishing  world  ?  But  the  Church  does 
not  support  him.  He  is  a  Church  ofiicer, 
but  paid  by  the  world.  His  salary  is  made 
VOL.  II.  36* 


dependent  on  the  whims,  the  wills,  of  the 
unconverted  around  him.  The  question 
whether  he  shall  continue  in  Christ's  work 
in  his  place,  rests,  not  solely,  as  it  ought, 
with  Christ's  friends,  but  partly,  as  it  ought 
not,  with  Christ's  enemies.  We  say  this 
position  Is  radically  false.  And,  like  all 
falsehood,  it  works  its  evil  results. 

At  the  outset,  the  plethoric  worldly 
purse  In  the  Society,  largely  controls  the 
pulpit  supply.  The  Church,  grown  feeble 
by  her  false  system,  is  suppliant  to  the 
Society.  Mr.  A,  the  "  wealthy  supporter," 
counts  more,  even  with  God's  people, 
than  B, — poor,  humble,  thirsting  saint,  as 
he  Is.  The  Church  is  under  bonds  to 
select  a  man  not  after  its  own  heart,  but 
after  the  hearts  of  "  the  people ;"  and  so 
often  gets  a  Saul,  Instead  of  a  David. 
But  when  now  he  has  been  called,  how 
Is  he  thus  tempted  to  consult  the  wishes  of 
the  unconverted  supporters  of  his  minis- 
try !  What  an  occasion  of  stumbling ; 
of  preaching  smoother  things ;  of  pandering 
to  the  tastes,  and  the  demands  of  "  hearts 
at  enmity  with  God."  The  downright 
power  of  free,  soul-born  speech,  is  foi*- 
bidden  to  him.  The  Church  Itself,  grown 
dependent  on  their  good  will,  accustomed 
to  lean  upon  their  strength.  Instead  of  its 
own,  and  God's  good  help  ;  bids  him  con- 
sult the  views  of  bis  "  supporters,"  and 
demands,  at  times,  such  compliance  as  his 
free  heart,  filled  with  love  of  Christ  and 
perishing  souls,  declares  inconsistent  with 
righteous  fidelity. 

We  do  not  wonder  that  those  early 
preachers  and  disciples  stood  up  so  grandly 
free,  fearless  and  trenchant,  with  God's 
sword,  as  they  did.  They  were  not  im- 
prisoned within  a  deferential  and  cour- 
teous compliance  with  the  fears  of  a 
depending  Church,  or  the  courteous  inti- 
mations of  a  "  principal  supporter  "  In  the 
congregation.  They  were  not  the  victims 
of  a  system  which  took  somethimj  "  of  the 
Gentiles."  They  looked  alone  to  "  the 
faithful ;"  to  the  fearless,  preaching  hearts 
of  God's  dear  people  ;  to  those  that  would 
have  Jesus  preached,  whether  men  would 


334 


"  Church  and  Society T 


[July, 


hear  or  whether  they  ■would  forbear  ;  at 
once  for  commendation  and  support.  No! 
the  "  word  of  God  Avas  not  then  bound." 
"  The  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus "  was  not 
"  sold."  The  enemy  had  not  then  put 
golden  bands  about  the  Church,  or  a 
golden  padlock  on  its  minister's  lips. 
Thank  God  !  that  good  time  will  come  back. 
We  will  "  rejoice  to  see  its  day."  But 
now,  the  word  goes  forth  in  sadness  from 
us,  while — speaking  in  love  and  as  desiring 
to  awaken  the  churches — we  say  to  them  : 
"  The  fear  of  man  that  bringeth  a  snare  " 
is  wrought  in  the  hearts  of  your  preachers, 
as  one  result  of  these  "  mixed  Societies." 
That  those  who  are  strong  in  faith,  and  in 
parts,  stand  up  against  it,  is  no  reason 
why  they  or  their  weaker  brethren  should 
be  thus  tried.  The  preacher  is  the  ser- 
vant of  the  Churchy  not  of  the  world,  in 
whole  or  in  part.  To  the  Church  alone 
should  he  look ;  on  it  alone  should  he 
depend ;  to  it  alone  should  he  be  account- 
able, under  God.  But  our  present  system 
puts  him  under  powerful  temptations  to 
worldly  compliance,  and  thus  works  weak- 
ness in  his  ministry  and  preaching.  He 
is  another  Samson  in  the  lap  of  another 
Delilah.  Israel  has  gone  into  captivity, 
and  he  that  should  prove  her  deliverer  has 
also  been  led  away  captive. 

3.  What  is  the  efiect  of  the  present  plan 
on  the  outlying  and  perishing  world  ? 

In  the  first  place,  we  believe  this  mixed 
taxation  diminishes  the  moral  power  of 
the  Church,  and  all  its  instruments,  upon 
those  whom  they  are  designed  to  reach. 
It  was  to  be  a  gospel  brought  freely  to 
men,  and  its  freeness  was  to  be  one  ele- 
ment of  its  power  ;  it  was  to  be  a  gospel 
without  charges.  This  was  God's  com- 
mission to  his  people :  "  Freely  ye  have 
received,  freely  give."  The  Church  is  to 
be  at  all  the  expense.  What  moral  power 
on  our  communities  were  afforded  by  the 
spectacle  of  our  churches  refusing  longer 
to  levy  contributions  upon  the  world  for 
doing  their  own  proper  work,  and  rising 
up  this  hour  and  saying,  "  Henceforth  we 
bid  you  freely  come  and  hear — come  and 


be  saved.  We  have  made  the  feast  ready ; 
come,  buy  wine  and  milk,  literally  with- 
out money  and  without  price."  What 
moral  power  over  men,  if  the  churches 
would,  from  this  day,  undertake  this  tax- 
ing themselves,  even  unto  poverty,  to  do 
it.  T'his  would  reveal  God  dwelling  in 
them.  This  would  declare  their  love  for 
men  with  demonstration.  Thb  would 
prove  the  gospel,  beyond  all  "  evidences." 
But  now,  what  do  they  more  than  others  ? 

But  again.  We  believe  the  present 
plan  disastrous  to  the  spiritual  interests  of 
many  unconverted  "  supporters  "  of  the 
gospel.  They  are  paying  their  way  to 
heaven.  "  'Tis  a  pity,"  said  one  of  this 
class,  in  all  soberness,  the  other  day,  "  'tis 
a  pity  if  a  man  paying  $500  a  year  for 
the  Church,  is  not  to  go  to  heaven  at  last." 
They  are  so  closely  associated  with  God's 
people  in  I'cligious  things  here — part- 
partakers  of  all  that  is  done  for  the  insti- 
tutions of  worship,  as  to  make  their  dis- 
sociation hereafter  most  unlikely — impos- 
sible. They  slumber  under  this  opiate. 
Let  the  churches  cease  to  administer  it. 
Let  them  tax  their  own  members,  and  say 
to  this  worldly  man,  "  As  yet  you  have  no 
part  nor  lot  with  us."  Let  the  moral 
power  of  this  separation  be  left  fully  upon 
him.  Let  him  feel  that  all  is  being  done 
for  him,  and  that  he  is  doing  nothing  for 
himself 

We  see  another  class  in  our  country, 
every  day  increasing, — the  class  of  non- 
attendants  at  Church.  It  is  to  be  subdi- 
vided. One  part  of  it  stands  aloof,  dis- 
gusted with  what  they  deem  the  mercenary 
motives  of  our  entreaties.  We  say,  "  Come 
and  hear."  They  interpret  this  to  be, 
"  Come  and  take  a  pew,  paying  its  rent." 
It  is  useless  for  us  to  conceal  the  fact, 
that  an  ever  increasing  multitude  of  in- 
different, worldly  men,  in  our  land,  are 
thus  alienated  from  Church  attendance. 
Here  are  so  many  rival  churches  in  a  vil- 
lage or  city.  Each  one  says,  "  Come  and 
hear  and  be  saved."  But  on  each  front 
door  is  inscribed,  "  We  are  in  debt,"  or 
"  Our  expenses  are  heavy;"  and  on  the  pew- 


I860.] 


^^ Church  and  Society'^ 


335 


door  wliich  he  enters,  is  written,  "  The  rent 
of  this  pew  is  needed  to  defray  expenses 
— take  it."  The  thing  is  too  transparent. 
He  is  wanted  for  his  money.  Not  his  soul 
for  salvation;  but  his  money  for  "ex- 
penses." 

The  other  part  of  this  great  class, 
especially  in  our  cities,  is  made  up  of  the 
poor  whom  pew-rents  debar  from  the 
churches.  Their  pride  revolts  from  the 
"  stranger's  pew,"  and  from  the  "  poor 
man's  pew."  They  will  not  brook  "  to  be 
seated,"  Sabbath  after  Sabbath,  by  the 
usher.  It  is  a  mark  of  poverty.  They 
refuse  your  invitation  to  attend.  They 
might  come ;  they  would  come ;  we  have 
seen  them — strong  men  among  our  poorer 
mechanics  with  large  families — in  tears 
over  their  separation  from  God's  House  ; 
but  they  cannot  rent  a  pew,  and  they  will 
not  brook  that  public  announcement  of 
their  poverty,  and  they  want  their  fami- 
lies with  them  if  they  go  ;  and  therefore, 
under  our  system  of  taxation,  they  are 
shut  out.  If  we  would  bring  them  back  to 
the  church-house,  to  listen  to  its  voice 
preaching  the  gospel,  to  its  prayers  in 
their  behalf,  and  to  its  melting  songs  of 
holy  worship,  the  pew-door  must  be  freed 
from  its  notice  of  taxation — it  must  be 
freed  from  its  lock  and  its  golden  key. 
The  Church  must  take  upon  itself  the 
whole  charge,  that  its  ministrations  may 
be  furnished  in  truth,  "  freely,  without 
money  or  price,"  to  all  comers. 

We  cannot  pursue  this  subject  at 
greater  length,  in  the  present  article. 
Meanwhile,  we  are  not  forgetful  of  other 
objections  which  will  be  urged  to  its 
views.  It  is  said,  for  example,  that  "  many 
worldly  men  in  our  congregations  choose 
to  pay  their  share,  and  would  deem  them- 
selves hurt  by  a  refusal  to  accept  their 
money."  We  have  no  wish  to  refuse  what 
is  voluntarily,  and  upon  no  plan  of  ours, 
tendered  to  the  cause  of  Christ.  But  we 
have  objections  to  a  system  of  taxation 
which  makes  a  "  mixed  Society  "  a  neces- 
sity of  justice ;  and  whose  effects  upon  a 
Church,  and  upon  its  minister,  and  upon 


its  outlying  community,  are  so  plainly  in- 
jurious. If  there  is  to  be  taxation — and 
we  see  not  how  to  avoid  it,  in  some  shape 
— let  it  be  taxation  according  with  prin- 
ciples of  natural  justice,  no  less  than  with 
New  Testament  law.  Let  it  be  the  taxa- 
tion of  the  citizens  of  that  kingdom  whose 
interests  are  to  be  served  by  it. 

We  know  it  will  be  said,  again,  that 
justice  itself  should  require  all  the  mem- 
bers of  a  community,  benefited  by  a 
Church,  to  assist  in  its  support  and  main- 
tainance.  It  is  on  this  that  the  English 
Church  rests  her  claims,  in  part  at  least 
to  universal  taxation.  But  we  feel  it  to 
be  contrary,  in  its  practical  enforcement, 
to  the  free  spirit  of  the  gospel  system. 
We  alienate  any  community  by  pressing 
that  claim.  We  drive  those  from  our 
church-houses  whom  we  should  desire  to 
retain  there  ;  and,  as  the  issue,  "  the  poor 
have  "  not  "  the  gospel  preached  to  them." 

We  know  it  is  said  again.:  "  But  you 
preach  to  all  men  their  duty  to  support 
the  gospel,  why  then  object  to  their  being 
expected  to  share  in  taxation  for  its  sup- 
port ?"  So  Ave  preach  to  all  men  to  come 
to  the  Lord's  Supper,  but  they  are  not  to 
come  till  they  have  joined  themselves,  as 
citizens,  unto  Christ's  kingdom. 

It  may  be  urged  again  :  "  But  by  this 
plan  of  taxing  only  Christ's  people  for 
Christ's  kingdom,  you  will  raise  a  new 
barrier  to  the  entrance  of  others  into  it." 
Is  it  so  ?  Is  not  the  Church  thus,  and 
thus  only,  to  be  clothed  anew  with  one 
element  of  her  primitive  strength,  glory 
and  attractiveness?  We  may  not  dis- 
cover it.  Multitudes  are  this  day  disgusted 
and  driven  from  our  churches  by  their 
apparently  mercenary  spirit  in  all  this 
matter.  The  moral  beauty  of  unselfish 
sacrifices  wins  its  way  to  their  hearts ;  and 
thus  only  can  they  be  drawn  within  the 
Christian  brotherhood.  The  moral  attrac- 
tion of  Christianity  is  in  the  depth  and 
greatness  of  the  sacrifices  it  demands. 

And  here  we  drop  the  subject,  not 
without  hope  that,  imperfect  as  our  treat- 
ment of  it  has  been,  its  discussion  may 


336 


Editors'  Table. 


[July, 


awaken  increased  attention  to  Tyhat  so 
vitally  concerns  the  churches.  The  change 
of  our  present  system,  in  this  particular, 
is  not  indeed  impossible.  That  the  plan 
we  have  suggested  has  been  followed  most 
successfull}',  in  some  churches,  gives  us 
additional  hope.  The  Puritan  Fathers 
who  reformed  their  churches  back  upon 
the  primitive  models  in  other  respects, 
have  left  this  item  to  us,  or  our  children. 
We  will  not  call  this  "  Mixed  Society  " 
plan  one  of  "  the  fundamental  principles 
of  our  Congregational  Polity,"  while  we 
remember  that  the  Apostolic  churches 
followed   a  different    svstem.     We    will 


esteem  this  "  mixed  taxation  "  neither  a 
necessity,  nor  even  an  expediency,  for 
Church,  minister,  or  community,  till  the  no- 
ble record  of  John,  concerning  those  early 
churches  and  preachers,  "  Because  that 
for  his  name's  sake  they  went  forth,  taking 
nothing  of  the  Gentiles"  be  blotted  out. 

Yes,  "  for  his  name's  sake."  And  when 
that  living  word  re-enters  his  Church  with 
primitive  power,  it  will  be  so  again. 
And  the  sacrifices  of  Christ's  people,  un- 
dertaken to  make  the  gospel  free  not  to 
heathen  communities  alone,  but  to  those 
outlying  around  our  churches  at  home, 
shall  bear  their  ancient  fruit. 


^jErH0rs'    ^abh. 


We  have  received  from  an  esteemed  bro- 
ther the  following  communication — under 
date  of  April  23,  1860 — concerning  certain 
remarks  of  ours  in  our  last  Janiiary  num- 
ber. We  make  room  for  the  whole  of  it, 
and  append  a  few  words  of  reply. 

"  Editors  of  the  Congregational  Quarterly  : 

"Gentlemen,  —  Please  read  the  following 
passages  : — Mat.  xii  :  50,  Whosoever  shall  do 
the  will  of  my  Father  which  is  in  heaven,  the 
same  is  my  brother,  and  sister,  and  mother. 
Gal.  iii  :  27.  28,  For  as  many  of  you  as  have 
been  baptized  into  Christ,  have  put  on  Christ. 
There  is  neither  Jew  nor  Greek,  there  is  nei- 
ther bond  nor  free,  there  is  neither  male  nor 
female ;  for  ye  are  all  one  in  Christ  Jesus. 

"  If  I  mistake  not,  your  article  on  Congre- 
gationalism (Vol.  I.  No.  1,  of  the  Quarterly,) 
is  founded  on  the  above,  and  similar  passages. 
If  the  article  referred  to  be  true,  wherein  does 
the  article  in  No.  5,  p.  77,  accord  with  the 
gospel  ? 

"A  Church  meeting  is  one  thing  ;  and  an 
Ecclesiastical  Society  meeting  is  another 
thing.  If  it  has  been  customary  for  churches 
to  debar  women  and  minors  from  voting  in 
Church  meetings,  I  should  think  it  was  high 
time  that  this  miserable  custom  had  come  to 
an  end.  The  Quarterly  could  not  do  better 
than  expose  its  absurdity.  I  am  connected 
with  a  Church  having  a  membership  of  34 
males  and  75  females.  Suppose  God,  in 
wrath,  or  mercy,  should  remove  by  death  all 
these  males  in  one  hour.  Could  I  not  have 
Church  meetings  thereafter  ?  Must  I  stop 
preaching  ?  The  truth  is,  some  of  my  most 
liberal  supporters  are  not  members  of  the 
Church,  but  only  their  wives  are  members. 


"Only  'males  in  their  majority'  vote  in 
a  Church  meeting  !  Gentlemen,  I  would  re- 
commend you  to  embrace  an  early  opportunity 
to  attend  a  Church  meeting  held  by  the  Con- 
gregational Church,  Chittenden,  Vt.,  where 
you  would  find  but  one  male  ; — I  am  not  in- 
formed whether  he  is  other  than  a  minor. 
Who  vote  legally  in  the  Church,  Cuttings- 
ville,  Vt.,  where  there  is  not  one  male  ?  Who 
in  the  Church  at  Shelburne,  N.  H.,  where 
there  are  only  females  ?  I  commend  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  January  Quarterly  to  your  care- 
ful perusal,  on  this  point. 

"  Christ  is  the  head  of  the  Church,  his  body. 
As  an  assemblage  of  believers,  the  Church  is 
feminiyie — eKK7.rjala.  And  it  is  a  fact  that  fe- 
males predominate  in  most  of  the  churches  of 
Christ.  If  any  class  were  to  be  debarred  from 
voting  in  Church  meetings,  common  sense 
would  dictate  that  those  in  the  minority  should 
be.  But  according  to  the  Scriptures  there 
should  be  no  distinction.  The  Bible  some- 
times converts  females  into  males.  Hear  the 
Apostle — Gal.  iii :  26 — For  ye  are  all  the  chil- 
dren— (tJioi) — sons — of  God  by  faith  in  Christ 
Jesus.  If  I  mistake  not,  it  should  be  a  prin- 
ciple in  Congregationalism  that  no  member 
of  a  Congregational  Church  shall  be  debarred 
the  right  to  vote  in  the  meetings  of  the  Church. 
Your  first  article  on  Congregationalism  I  like, 
but  if,  when  you  say  all,  you  only  mean  a 
part — if,  when  you  say  equality,  you  mean  in- 
eqvality  ;  then  I  dissent  from  its  positions  en- 
tirely. If  the  doctrine  of  your  last  article  be 
Congregationalism,  I  am  sorry  indeed.  Sad 
work  would  it  make  with  the  first  article  re- 
ferred to,  if  it  were  required  to  understand  by 
'  all '  the  '  whole  '  men  in  their  majority  only. 
"  Respectfully  yours,  J.  b.  c." 


I860.] 


Editors'  Table. 


337 


It  seems  to  us  that  our  brother  is  need- 
lessly alarmed  as  to  the  danger  of  the  posi- 
tion taken  by  us,  upon  which  he  animad- 
verts. It  seems  to  us  also  that  nothing  can 
well  be  clearer  than  that  both  Christ,  and 
Paul,  in  the  utterance  of  the  texts  quoted 
by  him  in  proof  that  females  and  minors 
should  be  allowed  to  vote,  were  thinking  of 
something  else,  and  referring  to  something 
else,  so  entirely,  that  those  passages  have 
not  the  remotest  legitimate  connection  with 
the  use  to  which  he  would  put  them.  We 
are  not  able  to  see  that  his  suggestions 
modify,  at  all,  the  position  which  we  hold  ; 
which  we  claim  to  be  that  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament, (1  Cor.  xiv  :  34,  35  ;  1  Tim.  ii :  12, 
&c.)  ;  of  the  fathers  of  New  England ;  and, 
certainly,  of  the  A'ast  majority  of  their  de- 
scendants. 

It  is  to  be  anticipated  that  every  rule 
should  have  its  confirmatory  exceptions, 
and  the  cases  to  which  he  refers  are  as- 
siiredly  such  exceptions  to  this  rule,  and 
are  to  be  judged  accordingly.  They  no 
more  affect  the  great  principles  of  the 
case,  than  the  exception  by  which  a  Church 
should  be  providentially  reduced  to  a  single 
member,  would  make  it  right — as  a  rule — 
for  every  private  Christian,  who  felt  dis- 
posed to  do  so,  to  organize  himself  into  a 
Church.  We  feel  strengthened  in  the  posi- 
tion which  we  took  before,  (Jan.  No.,  1860, 
p.  77,)  by  the  failure  of  our  correspondent 
to  adduce  any  better  grounds  for  the  con- 
trary opinion  which  he  holds. 


Thanks  to  the  kind  consideration  of  many 
of  the  ministry  and  churches  for  our  wel- 
fare, (and  their  own),  our  subscription  list 
has  been,  this  year,  largely  increased.  We 
desire  to  thank  all  our  friends  for  this 
result,  while  we  beg  also  to  remind  them 
that  our  largel)^  increased  expenses — con- 
sequent upon  the  absorption  of  the  Year 
Book,^  and  further  endeavors  to  make  our 
issue  really  invaluable  to  the  denomination 
— require  still  a  considerable  increase  of 
names  upon  our  list,  to  save  us  from  being 
out  of  pocket  for  the  public  good.     We  are 

1  The  printer's  bill  for  the  extra  sixty  pages  of 
atatistics,  &c.,  in  the  first  number  of  this  year,  was 
alone  greater  than  the  entire  average  cost  of  an  ordi- 
cary  number. 


willing  to  give  our  own  time  and  services, 
in  the  hope  that  the  cause  of  Christ  may, 
through  our  labors,  be  promoted  thereby  ; 
but  we  should  prefer  not  to  add  a  heavy 
pecuniary  loss  to  that,  if  it  is  all  the  same 
to  the  Congregationalists  of  the  land,  for 
whom  we  are  laboring.  Cannot  each  pres- 
ent reader  do  good  to  some  neighbor,  as 
well  as  confer  a  favor  iipon  us,  by  pro- 
curing us  at  least  one  additional  subscriber  ? 


We  venture  to  hope  that  our  subscribers 
will  find  themselves  somewhat  specially  in- 
terested in  the  contents  of  the  present  num- 
ber. We  have  given  a  larger  variety  than 
usual  in  the  same  space,  while  we  think 
every  article  is — in  its  way — of  real  value. 
The  sketch  of  the  life  and  character  of  Dr. 
Taylor  will  be  eagerly  read,  as  well  by 
those  who  differed  from  him,  as  by  his 
friends  ;  as  a  succinct  and  able  exposition 
of  the  opinions  of  a  man  who  was  much 
talked  about  in  his  generation.  Governor 
Washburn's  address  will  speak  for  itself. 
The  article  on  "  the  Lay  Element"  contains 
thoughts  calculated  to  be  useful.  That  on 
"  Church  and  Society"  is  filled  with  im- 
portant suggestions,  some  of  which  may 
provoke  dissent  in  some  quarters. 


We  learn  that  Rev.  Prof.  M.  P.  Squier, 
D.D.,  of  Beloit  College,  Wis.,  will  soon 
publish,  from  the  press  of  Mr.  Scribner,  a 
new  volume  upon  subjects  of  deep  interest, 
which  we  presume  to  be  shadowed  forth  by 
his  recent  article  in  the  Neto  Engkmder,  upon 
the  "Power  of  Contrary  Choice." 


We  are  informed  that  a  small  volume 
upon  "  Congregationalism,"  from  the  pen 
of  Rev.  H.  M.  Dexter,  is  in  the  press,  and 
will  be  issued  in  the  early  autumn.  It  is 
designed  to  meet  the  widely  felt  want  of  a 
full,  yet  compact,  cheap,  and  popular 
treatise,  which  may  be  put  into  the  hands 
of  those  who  desire  to  know  the  Scriptural 
foundation,  and  practical  operation  of  the 
democratic  system  of  Church  Polity ;  and  to 
get  light  upon  its  advantages,  as  compared, 
in  actual  working,  with  other  systems. 
Two  editions  Avill  be  published ;  one  on 
fine  paper,  in  boards,  for  the  library,  and 
one  on  paper  of  less  price,  as  a  stitched 
pamphlet,  for  cheaper  distribution, 


338 


Literari/  Notices. 


[July, 


^i0ohs  of  Jiitcrest  fa  Caitcfrecfittioiutlists. 


Lectures  on  the  Moral  Government  of  God.  By 
Nathaniel  W.  Taylor,  D.D.,  late  Professor  of  Didac- 
tic Theology  in  Yale  College ;  in  two  volumes. 
New  York.    Clark,  Austin  &  Smith. 

These  volumes  contain  the  great  thougJit 
of  their  distinguished  author.  To  justify  the 
ways  of  God  to  men,  was  the  life  work  of 
Dr.  Taylor.  This  he  sought  to  do  by 
methods  which  the  light  of  nature,  revela- 
tion and  common  sense  suggested.  In  ref- 
erence to  his  success,  there  will  be  diiferences 
of  opinion.  But  all  must  admit  that  a 
great  mind  has  grappled  a  great  subject, 
and  pursued  it  with  an  ability,  assiduity 
and  honesty,  rarely  equalled.  He  never 
wearied  in  it,  or  with  it.  "While  not  a  lover 
of  controversy,  he  never  shrank  from  a  fair 
assault  upon  his  position,  and  would  dis- 
cuss the  points  involved,  not  so  much  for 
conquest  as  for  truth.  "  What  is  truth," 
was  the  great  question  with  him  ;  whither 
it  led,  he  never  feared  to  go.  Though  few 
in  his  classes  were  able  to  ascend  to  his 
hights  of  conception,  or  to  go  down  to  his 
depths  of  reasoning,  yet  none  could  fail  to 
feel  the  force  of  his  thoughts,  or  to  be  them- 
selves stu-red  to  deeper  thinking.  Though 
they  might  not  go  with  him  to  all  his  con- 
clusions, yet  they  cordd  not  fail  to  go  further 
and  higher  and  deeper  into  the  great  truths 
of  the  Christian  scheme,  from  the  stimulus 
his  reasonings  always  gave.  His  students 
will  aU  die  his  debtors.  So  will  all  who 
shall  thoroughly  studij  the  volumes  before 
us.  They  were  prepared  at  the  expense  of 
great  and  long  continued  study  ;  they  will 
be  appreciated  only  by  those  who  will 
study  them.  To  such  they  are  invaluable, 
whatever  opinions  may  be  formed  as  to 
what  may  be  deemed  peculiar  in  their  pre- 
vailing theory.  Every  minister,  every  lover 
and  student  of  theology,  should  have  them. 
The  faithful  sketch  of  the  life  and  Avorks  of 
Dr.  Taylor,  at  the  commencement  of  this 
Nimiber,  by  one  who  knew  him  and  his 
views  as  few  have  known  them,  precludes 
the  necessity  of  our  cxtendhig  this  notice,  as 
otherwise  we  might  be  prompted  to  do. 


The  Bible  and  Social  Reform  ;  or  the  Scriptures 
as  a  Means  of  Civilization.  By  H.  II.  Tyler,  A.  M. 
Philadelphia :  James  Challen  &  Sou.  Boston  : 
Brown  &  Taggard. 

The  author  of  this  book  is  a  law- 
yer. To  the  majority  of  readers  this  will 
enhance  the  interest  felt  in  its  perusal. 
Such  a  subject,  viewed  from  that  stand- 
point, for  some  hardly  explainable  reason, 
is  thought  to  present  a  more  convincing 
aspect  than  fi-om  any  other.  It  is  \in- 
doubtedly  true  that  the  argument  for  the 
Bible  is  well  suited  to  develope  the  highest 
order  of  legal  talent.  And  when  a  learned 
jurist  will  devote  himself  to  a  thorough 
handling  of  the  theme,  his  production  will 
hardly  fail  to  be  of  use.  But  the  diffi- 
culty generally  is,  the  want  of  time  for  such 
a  devotement  to  a  subject  so  foreign  to  his 
professional  studies.  In  this  case,  the  au- 
thor confesses  that  the  book  was  written 
"  in  snatches  of  time,  .  .  .  and  under  cii'- 
cumstances  not  the  best  calculated  to  pro- 
mote consecutive  reasonmg  and  coherence 
of  thought."  Under  these  disadvantages, 
the  work  is  all,  and  perhaps  more  than  all, 
that  could  reasonably  be  expected.  The 
Genuineness,  Authenticity,  and  Inspiration 
of  the  Scriptures,  are  discussed,  (with  no 
unusual  cogency,)  as  preliminary  to  the 
main  subject,  which,  in  the  remaiumg,  and 
much  the  larger  portion  of  the  book,  is  treated 
ill  a  very  popular  and  satisfactory  way. 
Many  who  never  committed  their  thoughts 
to  paper,  Avill  recognize  ideas  that  have 
often  visited  theii"  minds.  Yomig  men  will 
be  especially  benefited  by  its  perusal. 

The  Confessions  op  Augustine.  Edited,  with  an 
introduction,  by  William  G.  T.  Shedd.  Andover  : 
Warreu  F.  Draper.  Boston  :  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
1860.    12mo.  pp.417. 

A  reprint — revised  and  collated  with  the 
original — of  an  old  tran.slation,  by  an  un- 
known author.  The  merits  of  the  ^^'ork  as 
a  book  of  devotional  quickening,  and  of 
spiritual  suggestion,  are  too  familiar  to  need 
remark.  The  chief  value  of  this  edition  is 
in  the  brief  introduction  from  the  pen  of 
Prof.  Shedd, — a  pen  that  all  love  to  follow. 


I860.] 


Literary  Notices. 


339 


even  when  they  cannot  justify  all  of  its 
suggestions. 

Life's  Morning  ;  or  Counsels  and  Encouragements 
for  Young  Christians.  By  the  author  of  Life's 
Evening,  Sunday  Hours,  &c.,  &c.  Boston.  J.  E. 
Tiltou  &  Co.    1860. 

Life's  Evening  ;  or  Thoughts  for  the  Aged.  By  the 
autlior  of  Life's  Morning,  &c.  Boston.  J.  E.  Til- 
ton  &  Co.     1860. 

The  former  of  these  volumes  is  happily 
adapted,  in  its  style,  to  the  wants  of  youth- 
ful Christians.  It  abounds  in  apt  illustra- 
tions and  anecdotes,  and  affectionate  coun- 
sels to  the  yoimg  believer.  The  poetry, 
selected  and  original,  is  unaffected  and 
deeply  religious  thi'oughout.  The  spirit  of 
the  book  is  that  of  Ckristian  activity  ;  and 
as  a  daily  manual  for  our  belie\'ing  chil- 
dren, cannot  fail  to  deepen  and  quicken 
theii-  Christian  life.  "  Life's  Evening,"  as 
its  title  suggests,  is  a  word  to  the  aged, 
who  see  "  the  shadows  of  the  evening 
stretched  out," — a  word  of  good  cheer, 
stimulatmg  to  the  unremitting  perfonnance 
of  Christian  duty  while  the  day  of  life  lasts, 
and  encour^aging  bright  hopes  beyond. 
Both  volumes  are  imbued  with  a  rare  de- 
votional spirit,  and  are  admnably  adapted 
to  the  use  of  gift-books. 

The  Church.  By  Enoch  Pond,  D.D.,  Professor  in 
the  Theological  Seminary,  Bangor.  Second  Edi- 
tion, Pievised.  Bangor:  E.  E.  Duren.  Boston: 
M.  ir.  Sargent. 

Dr.  Pond  has  done  a  good  ser\ice  to  oiu- 
chui'ches  in  bringing  out  this  volume,  in 
which  there  is  so  much  that  is  valuable,  at 
a  price  so  low.  Its  imiversal  cii'cidation 
wotdd  greatly  enlighten  the  membership  of 
our  Congregational  chru-ches,  upon  the  prin- 
ciples and  practices  of  the  Apostles  and 
Puritans  in  matters  ecclesiastical.  It  should 
have  a  place  in  all  our-  family  and  Sabbath 
School  Libraries. 

Words  that  Shook  the  World,  or  Martin  Luther 
his  own  biographer  ;  being  pictures  of  the  Great 
Reformer,  sketched  mainly  from  his  own  sayings. 
By  Charles  Adams.  American  Tract  Society,  28 
Cornhill,  Boston. 

Almost  anything  from  Luther  is  valuable. 
These  "  strong  words "  of  his,  so  well 
coupled  and  drawn  into  a  Life  History, 
will  command,  as  they  deserve,  atten- 
tion, and  must  make  their  mark.  The 
sooner  such  "  seeds  of  things  "  as  these  are 
sown  broadcast  in  the  minds  of  oiu-  youth, 
the  sooner  tnith  will  triumph  and  en-or  be 
forestalled. 


The  Biblical  Reason  Why  ;  a  hand-book  for  bibli- 
•  cal  students,  and  a  guide  to  family  Scripture  read- 
ing.    Beautifully  illustrated.     Dick  &  Fitzgerald. 
For  sale  by  A.  Williams  &  Co.,  Boston.     Price, 

$1.00. 

This  book  is  too  good  not  to  be  better.  It 
purports  to  answer  1,493  questions,  gen- 
erally well  put,  and  perhaps  as  generally 
well  answered.  Still,  the  "biblical  stu- 
dent" wiU  want  more  thorough  counsel 
on  many  points.  We,  however,  know 
nothing  better  for  its  place  than  itself,  and 
can  commend  it,  until  another  that  is  better 
shall  be  offered. 

How  TO  ENJOY  Life  :  or.  Physical  and  Mental  Hy- 
giene. By  William  M.  Cornell,  M.D.  Philadelphia: 
James  Challen  and  Son.  For  sale  by  Messrs. 
Crosby,  Nichols,  Lee  &  Co.    1860.    12mo.   pp.  360. 

A  treatise  of  lively  and  profitable  sugges- 
tions, and  one  which  may  be  especially  com- 
mended to  all  clergymen  of  a  morose  turn 
of  mind,  and  an  atrabilious  habit  of  body. 
It  is  dedicated  to  the  Rev.  Ebenezer  Burgess, 
CD.,  of  Dedham,  Ms.,  who  first  advised 
the  author  to  write  on  the  subject,  and 
kindly  aided  in  the  publication.  A  por- 
tion of  the  volume  has  already  met  a  favor- 
able reception  from  the  public  as  a  pam- 
phlet upon  "  Clerical  Health." 

Tales  prom  the  Bible  :  For  the  Young.  Genesis, 
1st  Series.  •By  William  M.  Thayer.  Boston : 
J.  E.  Tilton  &  Co.    1860. 

The  author  proposes,  in  his  preface,  to 
go  through  the  entire  Bible,  as  he  has 
commenced  it,  in  this  volume,  provided  the 
public  favor  is  extended  to  this  first  effort. 
It  is  certainly  a  valuable  contribution  to  our 
Juvenile  literature,  and  a  complete  series 
would  be  of  permanent  value  to  the  family 
and  Sabbath  School.  The  biography  and 
history  of  the  Sacred  "Word  are  here  cast  in 
a  familiar  and  entertaining  style,  and  fre- 
quently the  exact  language  of  the  inspired 
narrative  is  preserved.  The  latter  feature 
Ave  regard  as  a  positive  virtue, — an  excel- 
lence not  always  foimd  in  books  of  this 
class.  We  trust  the  public  favor  will  be 
given  to  this  enterprise,  and  the  author 
encouraged  to  finish  his  well-begun  work. 
The  volume  is  tastefully  illustrated. 

The  Signet  Ring  and  other  Gems.  From  the  Dutch 
of  the  Rev.  J.  De  Liefde.  Boston  :  Gould  &  Lin- 
coln.   1860.    18mo.,  pp.  362. 

We  read  the  Signet  Ping  several  years 
ago,  and  were  charmed  with  it.  The 
"  Other  Gems  "  now  added  are  the  "  In- 


340 


Literary  Notices. 


[July, 


heritance"  and  the  "  Sliip wrecked  Trav- 
eler,"— equally  beautiful  illustrations  of 
Christian  truth,  in  the  spirit  of  parable, 
gathered  out  of  every  day  life.  A  capital 
book  for  Sabbath  Schools,  also. 

Morning  Hours  in  Patmos  :  the  Opening  Vision  of 
the  Apocalypse,  and  Christ's  Epistles  to  the  Seven 
Churches  of  Asia.  By  A.  C.  Thompson,  author  of 
"  The  Better  Land,"  "  Gathered  Lilies,"  &c  Bos- 
ton :  Gould  &  Lincoln.    18G0.    12m o,  pp.  268. 

The  part  of  the  Apocalypse  here  specified 
is  made  the  subject  of  practical  exposition 
of  a  deeply  devotional  character,  heightened 
in  interest  by  the  author's  personal  reminis- 
cences of  the  scene  of  John's  visions.  It  is 
refreshing  to  find  a  work  upon  the  Apoca- 
lypse which  is  not  too  wise  to  be  religious. 
The  rich  vein  of  Christian  experience  which 
is  brought  to  the  surface,  -will  do  the  be- 
liever good. 

The  Year  of  Grace:  A  History  of  the  ReTival  in 
Ireland,  A.  D.  1859.  By  the  Kev.  William  Gibson, 
Professor  of  Christian  Ethics  in  Queen  s  College, 
Belfast,  and  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Ireland.  \V  ith  an  In- 
troduction by  Rev.  Baron  Stov.-,  D.D.  Boston  : 
Gould  &  Lincoln.    1860.     12mo  ,  pp.  464. 

This  work,  though  published  cotem- 
poraneously  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
was  undertaken  at  the  request  of  the  Ameri- 
can publishers,  to  whom  the  Christian  pub- 
lic therefore  owes  a  debt  of  gAtitude,  for 
faitlxful,  labored,  and  intensely  interesting 
accounts  of  the  wonderful  revival  in  Ire- 
land. A  multitude  of  incidents  are  grouped 
together  in  a  philosophical  spirit, — the 
bodily  excitements  accompanying  the  work 
are  ably  treated,  and  the  lessons  of  the 
Revival  drawn  out  with  great  skill ;  and 
the  effect  on  morality  well  set  forth. 

A  Vindication  of  the  Government  of  New  Eng- 
land Churches.  And  The  Churches'  Quarrel 
Espoused  ;  or  a  Reply  tn  certain  Proposals.  By 
John  Wise,  A.  M.,  Pastor  of  a  Church  in  Ipswich. 
Boston:  Congregational  Board  of  Publication.  1860. 

The  first  named  of  these  two  works  was 


originally  published  in  1717  ;  the  second, 
in  1710.  They  are  standards — not  in  every 
particular,  but  in  their  main  positions — 
upon  our  Congregational  Polity.  The  Con- 
gregational Board  of  Publication  has  done 
well  to  re-issue  this,  with  other  old  works 
of  historical  value  ;  for,  after  all,  the  essen- 
tials of  our  Church  government  are  as  com- 
pactly exhibited  in  the  works  of  the  fathers, 
as  they  can  ever  hope  to  be.  The  Intro- 
duction, by  our  senior  editor,  (now  absent, 
by  the  way,)  is  of  exceeding  value,  and 
causes  us  to  wish  that  he  or  some  other  com- 
petent historical  scholar  had  been  employed 
to  edit  the  entire  work,  and  thus  to  illus- 
trate many  places  whose  baldness  is  now 
the  source  of  frequent  disappointment. 

Historical  Vindications  ;  A  Discourse  on  the  Pro- 
vince and  Uses  of  Baptist  History.  With  Appen- 
dixes, containing  Historical  Notes  and  Confessions 
of  Eaith.  By  Sewall  S.  Cutting,  Professor  of 
Rhetoric  and  History  in  the  liniveisitj'  of  Roches- 
ter. Boston :  Gould  &  Lincoln.  1859.  12mo., 
pp.  224. 

The  first  seventy  pages — the  Discourse — ' 
are  very  good,  we  have  no  doubt ;  but  we 
confess  that  the  other  hundred  and  fifty- 
four — the  Appendixes — are  a  good  deal 
more  to  our  purpo.se,  being  documents  of 
standard  value,  for  which  we  put  the  book 
on  our  particular  reference  shelf. 

The  Crucible;  or  Tests  of  a  Regenerate  State.  De- 
signed to  bring  to  light  Suppressed  Hopes,  Expose 
False  ones,  and  Contirm  the  True.  By  Kev.  J.  A. 
Goodhue,  A.  M.  With  an  Introduction  by  Rev. 
Edward  N.  Kirk,  D  D.  Boston  :  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
1860.     12mo.,  pp.  352. 

We  have  read  this  book  enough  to  know 
that  there  is  too  much  thought  in  it — based 
on  large  observation — to  allow  justice  to  be 
done  it  without  a  careful  consideration. 
We  reserve  it  for  another  time, — only  say- 
ing, in  the  meantime,  that  Christians  will- 
ing to  think  on  matters  of  deep  personal 
importance,  will  do  Aveil  to  study  this  work. 


I^'  We  desire  here  to  say  that  it  is  our  wish  to  insert,  under  this  head,  criticisms  of 
such  works  only  as  correspond  with  our  title  of  this  department,  viz.:  "  Eooks  of  in- 
terest to  Congregationalists,"  i.  e. :  books  of  special  interest  to  them.  We  have  not  space 
to  go  into  notices  of  general  literature.  The  issues  of  the  press  are  now  so  multiform, 
that  the  briefest  critical  review  of  all  the  new  books  of  the  quarter  would  tax  our  pages 
beyond  endurance,  and  be  needless  for  our  readers,  who  are  abundantly  supplied  with 
such  general  notices  from  the  daily  and  weekly  journals.  We  mean  that  this  department 
of  our  Quarterly  shall  conform  to  the  general  idea  which  governs  our  issues,  and  indi- 
cate to  our  readers  such  new  literature  as  may  be  especially  worthy  their  notice  as  reli- 
gious men,  holding  the  faith  of  the  New  England  Fathers.  Publishers  will  please  govern 
themselves  accordingly. 


I860.] 


Congregaiional  Necrology, 


841 


€  0 11  jg  r  £  0 II  t  i  0  It  a  I    |t  ^  x:  r  0 1 0  0  g . 


Rev.  GARDNER  BRAMAN  PERRY, 
D.D.,  was  born  at  Norton,  Ms.,  Aug.  9,  1783, 
and  died  at  Groveland,  Dec.  16,  1859,  aged 
76  years  and  four  months.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  Academy  in  Norton,  entered 
Brown  University  in  the  autumn  of  1800,  at 
the  age  of  17.  At  the  close  of  his  sophomore 
year,  he  removed  his  connection  from  Brown 
University,  and  entered  at  Union  College, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1804,  when  exactly 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then  spent  one 
year  as  Principal  of  Ballston  Academy,  at  the 
close  of  which,  he  was  elected  Tutor  in  Union 
College,  and  held  that  office,  with  the  highest 
acceptance,  for  three  years.  He  then  took 
charge  of  a  flourishing  institution  in  Kings- 
ton, N.  Y.,  which  he  held  for  five  years.  In 
the  spring  of  1812,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel  by  the  Presbytery  of  Albany,  and 
on  the  28th  of  September,  1814,  he  was  or- 
dained Pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church 
in  Groveland,  where  he  remained  45  years,  in 
37  of  which  he  performed  the  duties  of  sole 
pastor.  He  left  a  large  library,  and  a  large 
collection  of  valuable  unbound  pamphlets. 


Rev.  LEVI  LORING  died  at  Athens,  Me., 
Jan.  16th,  1860,  in  his  77th  year.  From  the 
sermon  preached  at  his  funeral  at  Saco,  by 
Rev.  Geo.  "VV.  Cressey,  it  appears  that  he  was 
born  in  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  Sept.  29,  1783  ; 
was  the  youngest  son  of  Bezaleel  Loring, 
the  first  Pastor  of  North  Yarmouth  Congrega- 
tional Church.  From  a  teacher  of  youth,  he 
became — ^having  studied  theology,  at  Saco,  un- 
der Rev.  Jonathan  Cogswell — a  minister  of 
Christ:  and  was  ordained  junior  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  Church  in  Buxton,  as  colleague 
of  Dr.  Coffin,  Oct.  22,  1817;  and  was  dismissed 
Aug.  31,  1835.  During  his  ministry  of  nearly 
18  years,  in  Buxton, — he  being  sole  pastor  of 
the  Church  from  June,  1821, — 84  were  added 
to  the  Church  by  profession,  and  27  by  letter. 
He  was  highly  esteemed  as  a  man  and  a  pas- 
tor, and  his  attachments  to  his  people  were 
unusually  strong.  It  was  during  his  pastorate, 
that  he,  with  a  few  others,  originated  that  sys- 
tem of  Conference,  which,  in  its  operations, 
has  proved  so  beneficial  and  attractive. 

Having  labored  the  next  eleven  years  of  his 
life  in  the  missionary  fields  of  Cornville,  Solon, 
Anson,  Madison  and  Bingham  ;  and  spent  the 

VOL.   II.  37 


thi-ee  next  succeeding  years  in  Massachusetts, 
— where  he  preached  as  opportunity  off'ered, — 
he,  upon  his  return  to  his  native  State, — after 
preaching  a  year  in  Acton  and  Shapleigh — offi- 
ciated as  Stated  Supply  of  the  First  Church  in 
Biddeford,  from  July,  1851,  to  May,  1856; 
when,  on  account  of  impaired  health,  he  re- 
moved, in  connection  with  one  of  his  sons, 
upon  a  farm  in  Athens ; — where,  even  to  the 
Sabbath  preceding  his  sickness  of  two  days, 
occasioned  by  a  paralytic  affection,  he  declared 
the  trvith  of  God  to  a  congregation,  that,  pre- 
vious to  his  residence  among  them,  were  des- 
titute of  the  stated  means  of  grace. 

Thus  siiddenly  has  been  summoned  from  the 
field  of  conflict,  a  man,  communicative,  con- 
scientious, firm,  punctual  and  judicious  ;  and  a 
preacher,  sound,  methodical,  discriminating, 
faithful  and  earnest.  The  number  which,  as 
a  result  of  his  personal  consecration  to  Christ, 
and  a  ministry  of  nearly  forty-two  years,  shall 
rise  up  and  call  him  blessed,  will  not  be  known 
till  the  day  when  he  shall  be  permitted  to  say, 
'  here.  Lord,  am  I,  and  the  children  which  thou 
hast  given  me.' 


Rev.  JONATHAN  WARD.— The  Piscata- 
qua  Association  of  New  Hampshire  and  Maine, 
having  long  enjoyed  ministerial  and  fatherly 
intercourse  with  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Ward, 
late  of  Brentwood,  wish  to  make  an  affection- 
ate record  of  him,  now  he  has  finished  his  work 
on  earth,  and  gone  home  to  his  reward  in 
heaven.  We  wish  to  do  it  the  more  because 
in  him  God  most  clearly  demonstrated  the 
legitimate  eff"ects  of  those  doctrines  which  give 
strength,  efficiency  and  beauty  to  the  Church 
in  all  ages.  He  was  emphatically  a  Bible  man. 
He  stood  truly  in  the  line  of  Apostolic  succes- 
sion, fully  sympathizing  with  Paul  in  doctrine, 
and  with  John  in  spirit.  His  life  and  conver- 
sation distinctly  marked  the  road  to  heaven, 
along  which  the  humble  followers  of  Jesus  will 
ever  find  it  delightful  to  go.  Finding  immov- 
able support  and  undying  joy  in  the  word  of 
God  himself,  his  heart  yearned  with  ever-living 
anxiety  to  lead  all  to  rest  on  the  same  founda- 
tion. 

No  far-fetched  and  subtle  theory  was  his. 
The  plain,  simple  word  of  God,  had  all  the 
light  and  power  that  satisfied  his  understand- 
ing, and  raised  his  aff"ections  to  heaven.    His 


342 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[July, 


whole  character  was  clearl)'  the  growth  of  di- 
Tuie  truth,  telling  us  what  that  truth  will  do, 
when  permitted  to  have  its  unrestrained  influ- 
ence on  men.  It  sheds  a  heavenly  luster  over 
our  ransomed  fallen  nature,  and  allies  us  to 
our  exalted  Redeemer. 

Rev.  Jonathan  "Ward,  son  of  Rev.  Nathan 
Ward,  was  bom  in  Plj-mouth,  N.  H.,  Aug.  24, 
1769— died  in  Brentwood,  N.  H.,  Feb.  24,  1860. 
He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1792, — a  class- 
mate of  Rev.  Jesse  Appleton,  D.D.,  late  Pres- 
ident of  Bowdoin  College,  and  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Porter,  late  Professor  in  Andover  Theologi- 
cal Seminary ;  in  scholarship,  not  second  to 
either.  He  studied  theology  with  Dr.  Emmons, 
but  did  not  adopt  his  views  in  all  respects. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Church  in  Alna, 
Me.,  in  1796,  and  remained  about  twenty  years. 
In  1818,  he  removed  to  Plymouth,  his  native 
town,  where  he  preached  about  eleven  years. 
From  Plymouth  he  removed  to  Brentwood,  in 
1829,  where  he  supplied  the  desk  for  three  and 
a  half  years.  He  ever  after  made  Brentwood 
his  home,  but  continued  to  supply  destitute 
places  in  the  vicinity  until  the  infirmities  of 
age  compelled  him  to  cease  from  active  labors. 
Yet,  almost  to  his  dying  day,  he  employed  his 
pen  in  Avriting  letters  to  ministers  and  others, 
and  making  communications  to  religious  pa- 
pers, on  subjects  of  gi-eat  interest  to  the  Church. 
He  read  much,  and  kept  up  an  extensive 
acquaintance  with  the  current  religious  and 
political  affairs  of  our  country  and  of  the  world. 
He  was  a  thorough  biblical  scholar,  and  his 
criticisms  were  sound  and  reliable.  With  po- 
lemic theology  he  had  an  extensive  acquaint- 
ance, and  his  opinions  were  the  result  of  long 
continued  and  patient  investigation,  clear  and 
logical  thinking,  and  especially  of  earnest 
prayer  for  the  guidance  of  the  Holy  Spiiit. 

The  practical  value  of  these  habits  was  par- 
ticularly seen  in  the  formation  of  a  Chris- 
tian character  of  great  simplicity,  symmetry, 
strength  and  beauty.  The  mere  intellectual 
perception  of  truth,  however  clear  and  impor- 
tant, never  satisfied  him,  until  it  carried  a 
steady  and  controlling  influence  over  his  heart 
and  life.  His  conscience  was  but  an  avenue 
to  the  well-spring  of  his  inner  life. 

Hence  the  great  doctrines  of  the  Bible  were 
the  food  on  which  he  daily  fed.  He  drank  of 
the  river  of  the  water  of  life.  He  received  the 
sincere  milk  of  the  word,  and  grew  thereby  ; 
hence  the  transparency  of  his  Christian  charac- 
ter. He  knew  and  felt  that  every  part  of  hu- 
man character,  founded  on  the  mere  power  of 
intellect,  however  applauded  by  men,  would 
utterly  fail  in  the  day  of  trial ;  but  every  truth 


of  God's  word,  WTOught  into  the  inner  soul, 
would  shine  forth  at  the  last  day  with  divine 
luster,  to  the  praise  of  divine  grace.  It  was 
not  his  business  to  make  truth,  or  to  modify 
it ;  but  to  search  for  it — to  receive  it  just  as  the 
Holy  Ghost  sets  it  forth,  and  to  conform  his 
belief  and  his  affections  to  that.  It  was  not  for 
him  to  say  what  he  would  believe,  and  what  he 
would  not ;  nor  what  he  would  love,  and  what 
he  would  not.  God  commanded  him  what  to 
believe  and  what  to  love.  That  was  enough 
for  him.  He  sought  for  nothing  more — he 
would  accept  of  nothing  less. 

We  can  easily  trace,  then,  the  elements  of 
his  character.  The  simplicity  and  godly  sin- 
cerity ;  the  meekness  and  humility ;  the  pa- 
tience and  self-denial  of  his  life,  grew  out  of 
his  childlike  confidence  in  the  word  of  God. 
Hence  his  cordial  acceptance  of  the  sovereignty 
of  God.  To  him,  God  was  a  sovereign,  every- 
where, and  in  all  things, — sovereign  on  his 
throne,  sovereign  in  his  teachings,  sovereign 
in  his  will,  and  sovereign  in  his  doings.  On  this 
sovereignty  he  rested,  as  on  an  immovable 
rock  ;  in  it  he  rejoiced  with  joy  unspeakable 
and  full  of  glory.  It  is  sovereignty  in  the 
hands  of  an  all-perfect  God.  Perfect  intelli- 
gence ;  perfect  justice ;  perfect  truth ;  perfect 
benevolence ;  perfect  powers  ;  and  in  the  hands 
of  such  a  God,  he  rejoiced  to  find  perfect  sove- 
reignty. With  such  a  Sovereign,  the  highest 
interests  of  the  universe  are  perfectly  secure. 
His  entire  and  childlike  confidence  in  God, 
prepared  him  to  receive,  with  intense  satisfac- 
tion, the  decrees  of  God;  for  they  are  the 
counsels  of  his  all-wise  and  holy  will ; — their 
aim  is  to  secure  the  highest  welfare  of  the  uni- 
verse, and  they  include  everything  needed  to 
carry  out  the  divine  idea  of  a  perfect  govern- 
ment. And  as  a  part  of  the  doctrine  of  decrees, 
he  embraced,  with  all  cordiality,  the  doctrine 
of  individual  election.  It  lays  the  only  foun- 
dation on  which  we  can  hope  for  the  salvation 
of  any  man.  "  Not  of  him  that  willctli,  nor  of 
him  that  runneth,  but  of  God  that  showeth 
mercy."  And  these  views  of  divine  sovereignty, 
together  with  his  views  of  the  total  depravity  of 
man,  had  an  all-pervading  influence  in  the 
formation  of  his  character.  As  a  man,  a  sin- 
ner, he  was  vile,  loathsome,  helpless,  utterly 
lost ;  having  no  claim  even  on  the  mercy  of 
God.  Every  hope  he  felt ;  every  breathing 
after  divine  life  ;  every  joy  that  filled  his  soul, 
was  of  grace — all  of  grace.  And  hence  his 
unspeakable  satisfaction  in  that  most  aston- 
ishing exhibition  of  divine  sovereignty — the 
atonement  by  Jesus  Christ.  "  That  God  so 
loved  the  world  that  he  gave  his  only  begotten 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology. 


343 


Son,  that  whosoever  bclieveth  in  him  might 
not  perish,  but  have  everlasting  life."  That 
sacrifice  was  made.  Now  God  can  be  just, 
and  "the  Justifier  of  him  that  bclieveth  in 
Jesus." 

Nor  should  we  omit  another  element  in  the 
formation  of  Mr.  AVard's  inner  life  ;  and  that 
is,  the  sovereign  and  irresistible  influence  of 
the  Holy  Spirit,  in  the  regeneration  of  men. 
Man  can  never  be  persuaded  to  forsake  sin  ; 
can  never  be  enticed  into  the  ways  of  holiness. 
He  must  be  regenerated  ;  must  be  begotten 
anew,  by  the  Holy  Ghost ;  must  have  the  na- 
tive enmity  of  his  heart  slain  ;  must  have  the 
love  of  God  shed  abroad  in  his  heart,  before  he 
will  consent  to  forsake  sin,  or  devote  himself 
to  the  service  of  God.  This  doctrine  he  used 
to  dwell  upon  with  peculiar  emphasis.  "  By 
the  grace  of  God,  I  hope  in  Christ  Jesus." 
"  0,  to  grace  how  great  a  debtor."  "  How  can 
I  sufficiently  admire  the  grace  of  God,  who 
grants  me  a  hope  of  salvation  through  his  Son." 
Such  were  the  elements  of  Mr.  Ward's  inner 
character.  He  earnestly  desired  to  acquire 
and  improve  every  truth  that  would  meet  and 
affect  him  in  the  solemn  day  of  judgment. 
This  constant  state  of  feeling  gave  direction  to 
his  outer  life.  There  was  uniformity  in  his 
daily  walk  and  conversation.  He  had  one 
object  in  view,  and  that?  he  pursued  with 
untiring  vigilance.  "Forgetting  the  things 
which  are  behind,  and  reaching  forth  to  those 
which  are  before,  he  pressed  toward  the  mark." 
He  had  a  mark,  and  that  was  the  crown  of 
glory.  His  was  great  strength  of  Christian 
principle.  His  was  no  half-way  faith  ;  no  mod- 
ified expression  of  that  faith,  to  suit  current 
errors.  Having  well  defined  views  of  truth, 
that  truth  bore  him  up  everywhere.  His  trust 
was  in  God,  and  in  His  word. 

His  clear  views  of  gospel  truth,  prepared  him 
to  deal  plainly,  faithfully,  discriminatingly, 
with  men  in  all  circumstances.  While  he 
feared  to  hide  the  denunciations  of  God's  dis- 
pleasure from  the  eyes  of  men,  a  heart  over- 
flowing with  tenderness  for  their  guilty  and 
lost  condition,  led  him  to  address  them  every- 
where, as  he  had  opportunity,  with  directness 
and  power,  exhorting  them  with  many  tears. 
Some  solemn  remark,  some  timely  and  well 
directed  question,  was  often  the  means  of 
awakening  men  from  their  guilty  slumbers. 
He  was  always,  and  everywhere,  a  minister  of 
the  gospel,  with  the  vows  of  God  upon  him. 
He  watched  for  opportunities  to  speak  a  word 
for  Christ.  And  if  inadvertently  he  had  given 
occasion  to  the  impenitent  to  think  lightly  of 
the  gospel,  he  has  been  known  to  weep,  with 
bitterness  of  soul,  for  the  injury  he  may  have 


done.  Once,  while  attending  the  public  ser- 
vice of  a  ministers'  meeting,  being  very  much 
fatigued  by  a  long  ride,  and  it  being  very 
warm,  he  fell  into  a  di-owse  while  the  sermon 
was  being  delivered.  When  he  awoke,  the 
thought  of  sleeping  in  the  public  worship  of 
God,  and  that  it  might  be  a  stumbling-block  to 
sinners,  so  affected  him  that  he  felt  he  must 
publicly  confess  his  fault,  and  beg  them  not  to 
take  occasion,  from  his  offence,  to  neglect 
religion. 

He  had  great  confidence  in  God,  in  his 
word,  and  in  his  providence.  Many  and 
precious  were  his  experiences  of  God's  faith- 
fulness. With  tearful  gratitude,  he  often 
spoke  of  divine  interpositions  in  his  behalf  and 
that  of  his  family.  But  beyond  all  present 
experiences  of  divine  interpositions,  he  dwelt 
with  delight  upon  the  promises  to  the  Church  ; 
and  his  firm  belief  was,  that  very  great  enlarge- 
ment for  Zion  was  close  at  hand. 

Hence  he  was  unwearied  in  prayer.  His 
was  the  prayer  of  faith,  for  it  laid  hold  of  the 
promises.  His  firm  belief  in  divine  sovereignty, 
election,  total  depravity,  salvation  by  grace, 
and  kindred  doctrines,  so  far  from  chilling  his 
heart  in  devotion,  was  the  fire  that  burned 
steadily  and  intensely  on  the  altar.  However 
he  might  feel  difficulties  in  reconciling  the 
doctrines  of  grace  with  human  agency,  one 
fact  always  quieted  his  mind.  God  is  not 
embarrassed  by  our  darkness,  ignorance,  or 
weakness.  This  was  his  hiding-place.  Thus 
he  drew  near,  humbly,  boldly,  to  the  throne  of 
grace  ;  for  there  he  found  a  God  of  mercy  and 
truth,  who  has  promised  to  hear  and  answer. 

He  loved  the  Church  of  God,  for  it  was  pur- 
chased by  the  blood  of  Christ.  It  is  Christ's 
body,  and  will  yet  stand  forth  pure  and  spot- 
less, to  the  praise  of  the  glory  of  his  grace. 
For  the  enlargement  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ, 
many  a  night  he  spent  in  prayer  ;  many  a  day 
in  weary  travel  and  labor,  from  house  to  house  ; 
many  a  Sabbath  in  preaching  to  the  destitute, 
with  no  earthly  compensation.  Yet,  in  some 
places,  where  he  could  hardly  obtain  a  meal  of 
victuals  or  a  night's  lodging,  the  seed  he  sowed 
is  now  springing  up,  and  producing  abundant 
harvest.  His  inner  life  was  manifested  by  his 
deep  humility.  Ever  ready  to  take  the  lowest 
place,  he  was  often  overlooked,  and  sometimes 
rudely  thrust  aside  by  more  pretentious  men. 
He  doubtless  would  pass,  with  some  religion- 
ists, as  a  "  vinegar-faced  Christian  ;"  "  a  bur- 
lesque upon  the  joyous  features  that  religion 
ought  always  to  wear."  He  was,  indeed,  no 
worshiper  of  a  mirthful  God.  Yet,  draw  near, 
and  study  the  interior  life  of  this  man ;  sit 
down  and  talk  with  him,  on  themes  on  which 


344 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[July, 


angels  and  the  "  spirits  of  just  men  made  per- 
fect "  love  to  dwell ;  go  with  him  to  the  closet, 
and  there  witness  his  strong  crying  with  many 
tears  ;  his  pleadings  of  the  promises,  with  most 
triumphant  faith ;  sit  beside  his  dying  bed,  and 
there  witness  the  calm  and  earnest  looking 
away  to  heaven,  until  the  Son  of  Man  beckons 
him  home,  and  then  say  whether  the  joy  this 
man  feels,  is  a  "  burlesque  on  the  religion  of 
Christ ;"  and  whether  the  doctrines,  which 
formed  his  inner  life,  are  not  streams  which 
flow  from  the  river  of  God.  Such  doctrines 
must  legitimately  result  in  such  a  life ;  and 
such  a  life  can  be  formed  from  no  other  system 
of  doctrines.  [Com. 

Rev.  SYLVESTER  COCHRANE  died  in 
Northville,  Mich.,  March  14th,  1860,  aged  63 
years,  10  months  and  6  days.  Though  at  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  in  connection  with 
Presbytery,  he  was  educated  a  Congregation- 
alist,  and  during  a  large  part  of  his  life  minis- 
tered to  Congregational  churches,  and  so  de- 
serves to  be  commemorated  in  the  Congrega- 
tional Quarterly. 

He  was  born  in  Antrim,  N.  H.,  May  8th, 
1796,  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1823,  studied  theology  with  the  Rev.  John  M. 
Whiton,  of  Antrim,  (and  the  Rev.  Moses 
Bradford,  of  Francestown  ?)  and  in  May, 
1825,  was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel.  He 
preached,  for  brief  periods,  in  several  places, 
till  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  in  Poultney,  Vt.  Here  he 
was  ordained,  Oct.  24th,  1827.  Rev.  Charles 
Walker,  D.D.,  of  Rutland,  preached  the  Ordi- 
nation Sermon.  Mr.  Coclirane's  ministry  at 
Poultney  was  eminently  successful.  In  No- 
vember, 1829,  a  revival  commenced,  which 
continued  for  many  months,  and  extended 
throughout  the  town.  As  the  result,  there 
were  nearly  two  himdred  hopeful  converts, 
many  of  whom  imited  with  the  Congregational 
Church,  and  others  with  other  churches.  He 
was  dismissed  Oct.  13th,  1834,  having  received 
into  the  Church  one  hundred  and  sixteen  mem- 
bers. 

In  1837,  he  emigrated  to  Michigan,  with  a 
colony  composed  mainly  of  Vermonters,  who 
made  a  settlement,  which  they  named  Ver- 
montville.  A  Church  was  soon  formed  there, 
to  which  he  ministered  till  the  Spring  of  1843, 
He  then  preached  one  year  at  Howell ;  and  for 
five  years,  commencing  with  the  Spring  of 
1844,  was  Stated  Supply  of  the  (N.  S.)  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Northville.  For  several 
years  he  labored  with  missionary  churches  in 
that  vicinity,  and  in  1854,  became  Stated  Sup- 
ply  of  the   Second  Presbyterian  Church  in 


Plymouth,  over  which  he  was  installed  pastor 
in  1856.  He  resigned  this  charge  in  April, 
1859,  and  was  unable  to  perform  much  minis- 
terial duty  after  that  date. 

"Mr.  Cochrane  was  an  able  and  faithful 
minister  of  the  Gospel,  and,  in  the  estimation 
of  many,  much  more  than  an  ordinary  preacher. 
Calvinistic  in  his  views  of  truth,  both  from 
early  education,  and  in  after  life  from  thorough 
examination  and  conviction,  he  hesitated  not 
to  declare  the  whole  Gospel  of  the  gi-ace  of 
God.  He  rightly  divided  the  word  of  truth, 
and  gave  not  undue  prominence  to  some  Scrip- 
tural doctrines  at  the  expense  of  others.  He 
was  outspoken  and  fearless  in  rebuking  error 
and  immorality,  and  he  was  the  friend  and 
advocate  of  all  moral  reforms  that  he  consid- 
ered adapted  to  remove  the  evils  against  which 
they  were  aimed.  But  he  was  not  a  man  of 
one  idea,  and  therefore  made  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  Gospel  the  chief  thing,  believing 
that  as  men  lovingly  embraced  its  truth,  they 
would  become  the  friends  of  their  race,  and 
the  most  efficient  promoters  of  every  worthy 
cause.  He  was  catholic  in  his  spirit,  charita- 
ble in  his  judgment,  and  consistent  in  his 
whole  deportment.  For  some  months,  feeling 
that  death  was  near,  he  calmly  awaited  its 
approach,  knowing  in  whom  he  had  believed, 
and  persuaded  that  IJe  was  able  to  keep  that 
which  he  had  committed  unto  Him  against 
that  day." 

He  married,  in  May,  1824,  Hannah  Sy- 
monds,  of  Hancock,  N.  H.  P.  h.  W. 


Rev.  CHAUNCEY  COOK  died  in  Ottawa, 
111.,  March  21st,  1860,  aged  82  years  and  12 
days. 

He  was  a  son  of  Stephen  and  Sylvia  (Meigs) 
Cook,  and  was  born  in  Wallingford,  Ct.,  March 
9th,  1778.  He  fitted  for  College  with  the  Rev. 
Jeremiah  Atwater,  D.D.,  was  graduated  at 
Middlebury,  in  1808,  studied  theology  with  the 
Rev.  Asa  Burton,  D.D.,  was  licensed  by  the 
Eastern  Vermont  Association,  near  the  close 
of  the  year  1808,  and  then  entered  the  service 
of  the  Vermont  Missionary  Society.  By  re- 
quest of  the  Directors  of  that  Society,  he  was 
ordained  as  an  Evangelist,  at  Cornwall,  Aug. 
22d,  1809,  the  Rev.  John  Hough,  of  Vergenncs, 
preaching  the  Sermon  from  2  Cor.  ii :  16. 

For  nearly  three  years  he  labored  as  an 
itinerant  missionary  in  Northern  Vermont,  and 
New  Y'ork.  In  those  regions.  Christians  of 
more  than  half  a  century's  standing,  still  live, 
to  remember  him,  with  affection  and  gratitude, 
as  their  guide  to  Christ.  He  was  installed  July 
31st,  1811,  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church 
in  Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  dismissed  from  that  pas- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology. 


345 


torate  in  1818,  after  which  he  preached  two 
years  in  Lima,  N.Y.,  and  two  j'ears  in  Pittsford, 
N.  Y.  In  1821,  he  was  installed  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  Church  in  Chili,  N.  Y.,  and 
was  dismissed  in  1828.  He  then  preached  two 
years  in  Greece,  N.  Y.,  and  two  years  in  Ira, 
N.  Y.,  and  in  1832,  was  installed  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He 
was  dismissed  in  1837,  and  removed  to  Illinois, 
where  he  preached  two  years  in  Hennepin,  and 
in  1839,  was  installed  pastor  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  in  Aurora.  From  this  pas- 
torate he  was  dismissed  in  1843,  after  which 
he  preached  two  years  in  Bristol ;  and  then, 
retiring  from  active  service,  removed  to  Ot- 
tawa, where  he  resided  till  his  death. 

An  obituary  in  the  Independent,  saj's  of  him : 
"  He  was  greatly  blessed  with  revivals  during 
his  ministrj'.  His  last  public  effort  was  a  tes- 
timony in  favor  of  a  special  effort  to  save  sin- 
ners. He  wa.s  a  progressive  man  to  the  last, 
and  kept  pace  \rith  the  times  in  which  he  lived. 
He  took  a  deep  interest  in  all  the  great  moral 
movements  of  the  day — especially  in  the  pro- 
gress of  anti-slaver}'  sentiment  throughout  the 
country.  As  early  as  1836,  he  had  identified 
himself  fully  with  this  reform.  The  announce- 
ment that  death  was  near,  onlj'  stimulated  his 
mind.  '  I  have  no  fear  of  death,'  said  he. 
'  I  am  willing  to  leave  this  polluted  world,  and 
go  and  live  with  the  blessed  Saviour.'  '  I  am 
concerned  only  to  have  God  glorified  in  me, 
whether  I  live  or  die.'  His  faith  never  seemed 
to  waver  for  a  moment.  As  death  came  nearer 
and  still  nearer,  he  testified  that  it  was  '  all 
well,  all  peace ;'  that  Christ  was  '  near  and 
precious.'  The  instant  before  his  spirit  fled, 
he  opened  his  eyes,  and  looked  upward,  as  if 
a  vision  of  glory  was  revealed ;  then  glanced  at 
his  beloved  ones,  and  rested  from  his  labors." 

He  married,  in  1812,  Mary  Carpenter,  of 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  by  whom  he  had  one  child — 
Eliza.  In  1815,  Mrs.  Cook  died ;  and  in  1816, 
he  married  Almira  Hollister,  by  whom  he  had 
one  son  and  two  daughters.  P.  H.  vv. 


Dea.  JOSEPH  CUMMINGS,  of  Ware,  Ms. 
died  April  3,  1860,  at  the  ripe  age  of  76.  He 
was  born  in  that  town,  March  5,  1784,  and  has 
always  occupied  the  farm  which  was  the  pos- 
session of  his  great-grand-father,  Jacob  Cum- 
mings,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  town, 
in  1730.  The  blessings  of  a  pious  ancestry 
have  descended  with  their  possessions,  from 
generation  to  generation.  Jacob  Cummings 
was  the  most  active  man  in  the  establishment 
of  religious  worship,  the  erection  of  a  meeting 
house,  and  the  organization  of  a  Church  in 

VOL.  II.  37* 


"Ware,  in  the  infancy  of  the  town.  He  was 
the  first  deacon  in  the  first  Church,  organized 
in  1751. 

Joseph  Cummings  was  no  ordinary  man. 
"With  only  the  advantages  of  the  common 
schools  of  the  town,  he  acquired  a  good  edu- 
cation, and  was  employed  as  a  teacher  for 
many  years,  having  taught  seven  winters  in 
New  Braintree,  at  wages  much  above  the 
ordinary  standard  of  those  days.  He  was  a 
skillful  surveyor,  and  for  many  years  did  the 
most  of  that  business,  as  well  as  that  of  con- 
veyancing, in  the  town  and  vicinity.  A  man  of 
excellent  judgment,  and  modest  and  winning 
manners,  he  gained  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  all  who  knew  him.  In  the  business  of  the 
town  he  was  always  the  man  for  counsel. 
He  represented  the  town  in  the  Legislatures 
of  1816,  1817,  and  1822,  and  in  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1853.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Senate  in  the  years  1831  and 
1832.  In  1835  he  was  elected  a  commissioner 
for  Hampshire  county ;  which  office  he  held 
by  six  successive  elections  for  eighteen  years. 
Few  men  have  been  more  generally  known  or 
more  sincerely  esteemed  in  the  county. 

The  great  charm  of  his  character  was  his 
humble,  sincere  and  unaffected  piety.  When 
quite  young  he  united  with  the  first  Congre- 
gational Church  in  Ware,  under  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  Samuel  Ware,  and  was  chosen  a  dea- 
con in  1815,  when  little  more  than  30  years  of 
age,  which  office  he  held  until  the  growing 
manufacturing  village  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  town  led  him  to  unite  with  others  in  the 
organization  of  a  Church  there,  in  1826,  when 
he  was  elected  first  deacon,  and  has  stood  as 
a  pillar  during  the  whole  history  of  the 
Church.  When  he  became  three  score  and 
ten,  in  accordance  with  his  long  determined 
purpose,  he  resigned  the  office  of  deacon, 
officiating  for  the  last  time  upon  his  seven- 
tieth birth-day,  except  as  he  occasionally  took 
the  place  of  others.  He  continued  to  act 
upon  the  Church  committee,  and  was  active 
to  the  close  of  his  life. 

His  love  to  the  Church  of  Christ  was  his 
first,  his  strongest  and  his  most  enduring 
love.  His  example  was  that  of  one  "  holding 
the  mystery  of  the  faith  in  a  pure  conscience." 
In  word  and  deed  he  commended  the  religion 
of  Christ  to  others.  Few  could  so  easily 
introduce  the  subject  of  religion  in  conversa- 
tion. He  kept  himself  well  acquainted  with 
the  members  of  the  Church,  old  and  young, 
and  was  a  Sabbath  school  teacher  to  the  last. 
He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  punctual  in  atten- 
dance upon  the  public  services  and  in  the 


346 


Congregational  Qiiarierly  Record. 


[JULT, 


social  prayer  meetings  of  the  Church  to  the 
close  of  his  life.  His  last  prayers  and  exhort- 
ations were  for  the  peace  and  the  prosperity 
of  Zion. 

"  How  blest  the  righteous  when  he  dies." 
He  was  ready  and  willing  to  die,  his  work  was 


done,  and  well  done.  "  He  used  the  ofRce  of 
a  deacon  well,  and  purchased  to  himself  a 
good  degree,  and  great  boldness  in  the  faith 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus."  Deacon  Cum- 
mings  was  married  twice,  and  leaves  a  widow, 
three  sons  and  six  daughters. 


C0it0r£0ati;0ital    ^uart^rlg    gjctor^. 


[CP"  The  measures  which  we  have  matured  for  obtaining  full  and  correct  lists  of  the  various  changes 
occurring  under  the  head  of  our  Quarterly  Record,  will,  we  hope,  secure  the  desired  result  in  future.  We 
earnestly  request,  however,  all  persons  interested,  to  send  us  the  exact  facts  of  which  we  wish  to  make  a 
permanent  record. 


28. 


Cl^urcTies  JFormet). 

Feb.  21,  1860.     At  SOUTH  BOSTON,  the  E  Street 
Ch.,  by  the  union  of  the  Payson  Oh.  and 
the  Ch  of  the  Unity. 
At  PROUTON,  Sauk  Co.,  Wis.,  of  9  mem- 
bers. 
At  STOCKBRIDGE,  Wis. 
At  LAFAYETTE,  Ind..  a  German  Ch.  of  31 

members, — Rev.  M.  Zurcher,  as  pastor. 
At  OSCEOLA,  111.,  of  16  members. 
At  WATERFORD,  Min.,  of  20  members. 
At  SAUNDEUSVILLE,  in  Grafton,  Ms.,  of 

16  members. 
At  EAST  PARIS,  Mich.,  of  15  members. 
At  ASHTABULA,  0.,  of  28  members. 

—    At  CHICAGO,  111. 

May    19.    At  RUSHFORD,  FUhnore  Co.,  Min. 


Marc) 

ti4. 

(1 

18. 

t< 

23. 

April 

9. 

'• 

18. 

» 

21. 

May 

9. 

pastors  ©ismisscti. 

Feb.  10, 1860.     Rev.  WILLIAM  A.  FOBES,  from  the 
Ch.  in  Lebanon,  Me. 

March  1.     Rev.  PIIILO  B.  WILCOX,  from  the  Ch. 
in  East  and  West  Bridgewater,  Ms. 

"  6.  Rev.  ALBERT  COLE,  from  the  Ch.  in  Lim- 
erick, Me. 

"  13.  Rev.  HARRISON  G.  PARK,  from  the  Ch. 
in  East  Westminster,  Vt. 

"    26.     Rev.  LEONARD  F.   PARKER,  from  the 

Winter  St.  Ch.,  Haverhill,  Ms. 
"    26.    Rev.  WILLIAM  H.  STURTEVANT,  from 

the  Ch.  in  Hyannis,  Ms. 
"    28.    Rev.  MARSHALL  B.  ANGIER,  from  the 

Ch.  in  Hopkinton,  N.  H. 

April  11.     Rev.  ELIAS  B.  HILLARD,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Hadlyme,  Ct. 

"  24.  Rev.  FREDERICK  T.  PERKINS,  from  the 
Oh.  in  Williamsburg,  Ms. 

"  29.  Rev.  RICHARD  KNIGHT,  from  the  Ch. 
at  South  Hadley  Falls,  Ms. 

"  —  Rev.  HARVEY  F.  LEAVITT,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Vincennes,  Vt. 

"  —  Rev.  LEmS  JESSUP,  from  the  2d  Oh.  in 
Millbury,  Ms. 

"  —  Rev.  SYDNEY  BRYANT,  from  the  Ch.  in 
East  Granby,  Ct. 

"  —  Rev.  A.M.  RICHARDSON,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Austinburg,  0. 


April  —    Rev.  A.  D.  STOWELL,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Woodbridge,  Ct. 

May  8.     Rev.  AUGUSTINE  ROOT,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Lakeville,  Ms. 

"  9.  Rev.  GEORGE  W.  HATHAWAY,  from  the 
Ch.  in  Bloomfield,  111. 

"  15.  Rev.  CHAUNCEY  D.  RICE,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

"  16.  Rev.  GEORGE  D.  F.  FOLSOM,  from  the 
Olivet  Ch.  in  Springfield,  Ms., — to  take  effect 
Sept.  1. 

»  18.  Rev.  EDWARD  H.  GREELEY,  from  the 
Pearl  St.  Ch.  in  Nashua,  N.  H. 

"  23.  Rev.  LUTHER  TOWNSEND,  from  the  Ch. 
in  Troy,  N.  H. 

—    Rev.  GEORGE  S.  KEMP,  from  the  Ch.  in 

Windham,  Vt. 


JHinisUrs  ©rtiaincti,  or  ^InstalletJ. 

Feb.  22,  1860.  Prof.  JOSEPH  EMERSON,  of  Beloit 
College,  Wis.,  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry. Sermon  by  Rev.  Ralph  Emerson,  D.D., 
father  of  the  candidate. 

"  23  Mr.  JAJIES  WILSON,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Ruggles,  Ashland  Co.,  0.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Levi  Wilson,  of  Windham,  Ohio  ;  Ordaining 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Henry  Cowles,  of  Oberlin. 

March  1.  Mr.  E.  0.  JAMESON,  over  the  Ch.  in 
East  Concord,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Henry 
E.  Parker,  of  Concord  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by 
Rev.  Asa  P.  Tenney,  of  West  Concord. 

"  4.  Rev.  HENRY  AVERY,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Stockbridge,  \Vis  ,  formed  the  same  day.  Ser- 
mon by  Rev.  J.  E.  Pond,  of  Neenah. 

'<  6.  Rev.  CHARLES  PACKARD,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Limerick,  Me.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Charles 
Packard ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  John 
Parsons,  of  Limington. 

"  14.  Rev.  HENRY  COOLEY,  over  the  Ch.  in 
West  Suffield,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Robert  G. 
Verniilye,  D.D.,  of  East  Windsor  Hill  ;  Instal- 
ling Prayer  by  Rev.  Moody  Harrington,  of 
Feeding  Hills,  Ms. 

"  20.  Mr.  LYMAN  ABBOTT,  at  Farmington, 
Me.,  as  an  Evangelist.  Sermon  by  Rev.  James 
Burnham,  of  Francestown  ;  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  John  S.  C.  Abbott,  of  Farmington. 

"  22.  Mr.  A.  L.  FRISBIE,  over  the  Ch.  in  Anso- 
nia,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Azel  Strong,  of 
Michigan. 


I860.] 


Congregational  Quarterly  Record. 


347 


Mar.  27.  Mr.  JOSHUA  COLLINS,  over  the  Ch.  in 
East  Arlington,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Parsons 
S.  Pratt,  of  Dorset ;  Ordaining  Pr.iyer  by  Rev. 
James  Anderson,  of  Manchester. 

"  27.  Rev.  ROGER  M.  SARGENT,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Farmington,  N.  II.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Alvan 
Tobey,  of  Durham  ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev. 
John  K.  Young,  D.D.,  of  Laconia. 

•  "  28.  Mr.  AUSTIN  IIAZEN,  over  tlie  Ch.  in 
Norwieli,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Allen  Hazen, 
of  Bombay,  brother  of  the  candidate.  Ordain- 
ing Prayer  by  Rev.  Cyrus  B.  Drake,  of  Royal- 
ton. 

«'  28.  Rev.  NATHANIEL  H.  BROUGHTON,  over 
the  Ch.  in  North  Yarmouth,  Me.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Benjamin  R.  Allen,  of  Marblehead,  Ms. ; 
Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  of 
Gray. 

"  28.  Rev.  JOSEPH  ANDERSON,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Stamford,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  William  B. 
Weed,  of  Norwalk. 

"  29.*  Rev.  R.  S.  KENDALL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Lenox,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Sylvanus  C. 
Kendall,  of  Milford,  N.H. ;  Installing  Prayer  by 
Kev.  David  D   I'ield,  D.D.,  of  Stockbridge,  Ms. 

"  29.  Mr.  J.  A.  JIACK,  at  Underia,  lU.,  as  an 
Evangelist. 

AprU  1.  Rev.  THOMAS  0.  RICE,  over  the  Circular 
Cong.  Ch.  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Nehemiah  Adams,  D.D.,  of  Boston,  Ms.  ; 
Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  George  W.  Blagden, 
D.D.,  of  Boston. 

»  16.  Rev.  J.  H.  PETTEN6ILL,  over  the  Ed- 
wards Ch.  in  Saxonville,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
S.  B.  Treat,  Sec.  of  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Birdsey  6.  Northrop,  of  Sax- 
onville. 

"  17.  Rev.  JOHN  G.  HALE,  over  the  Ch.  in 
East  Poultney,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Prof.  N. 
G.  Clark,  of  Burlington  ;  Installing  Prayer  by 
Rev.  Charles  Walker,  D.D.,  of  Pittsford. 

»  18.  Rev.  DANIEL  GOODWIN,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Mason  Center,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Wm. 
Clark,  Sec.  of  N.  H.  Miss.  Soc.  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  of  New  Ipswich. 

"  18.  Rev.  TIMOTHY  F.  CLARY,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Wareham,  Ms. 

"  24.  Mr.  W.  W.  LIVINGSTON,  at  Burlington, 
Vt.,  as  a  Missionary.  Sermon  by  Rev.  S.  B. 
Treat ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Simeon 
Parmelee,  of  Underbill. 

"  25.  Mr.  ANDREW  JAQUITH,  at  Langdon, 
N.  H.,  as  an  Evangelist.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Amos  Foster,  of  Acworth  ;  Installing  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Joseph  Garland,  of  Charlestown. 

"  25.  Mr.  EDMUND  H.  BLANCHARD,  over  the 
Trin.  Cong.  Ch.  in  Warwick,  Ms.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  P.  C.  Headley,  of  Greenfield  ;  Ordaining 
Prayer  by  Kev.  Henry  B. -Hooker,  D.D.,  of 
Boston. 

"  26.  Mr.  FRANCIS  M.  lAMS,  at  Tomah,  Wis. 
Sermon  by  Rev.  John  C.  Sherwin,  of  La  Crosse  ; 
Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Milton  Wells,  of  New 
Lisbon  ;  Charge  by  Rev.  Solomon  A.  Dwinnell, 
of  Reedsburg. 

"  26.  Kev.  ISAIAH  C.  THATCHER,  over  the 
Ch.  in  Gloucester,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Con- 
stantine  Blodgett,  of  Pawtucket. 

May  2.  Mr.  EDWARD  B.  FRENCH,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Chatham,  Ms.  Sermon  and  Ordaining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Joshua  T  Tucker,  of  Holliston.  [Mar- 
ried the  preceding  day,  at  Harwich,  to  Miss 
Emily,  daughter  of  Dea.  Sidney  Underwood, 
of  Harwich.] 


May  2.  Mr.  NOAH  H.  WELLS,  at  East  Granville, 
as  an  Evangelist.  Sermon  by  Kev.  Hiram 
Bell,  of  Killingsworth,  Ct. 

"  3.  Rev.  ^VILLIAM  C.  FOSTER,  over  the  Ch. 
in  North  Becket,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Kos- 
well  Foster,  of  Pittsford,  brother  of  the  pastor 
elect ;  Installing  Prayer  by  Rev.  Zolva  \Vhit- 
temore,  of  Chester  Factories. 

"  9.  Mr.  CARLOS  C.  CARPENTER,  at  Montreal, 
C.  E.,  as  the  first  Missionary  to  Labrador.  Ser- 
mon by  Rev.  Henry  Wilkes,  D.D.,  of  Montreal ; 
Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Bonar. 

"  10.  Rev.  EPHRAIM  C.  CUMMINGS,  over  the 
2d  Ch.  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
George  W.  Field,  of  Boston,  Ms. 

"  16.  Rev.  THOMAS  T.  RICHMOND,  (as  col- 
league pastor  with  Rev.  Alvan  Cobb,)  over  the 
1st  Ch.  in  Taunton,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Erastus  Maltby,  of  Taunton. 

"  16.  Rev.  ELIAS  B.  HILLARD,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Kensington  Society,  Berlin,  Ct.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Alvan  Bond,  D.D.,  of  Norwich  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Myron  N.  Morris,  of  West 
Hartford. 

"  23.  Rev.  MARSHALL  B.  ANGIER,  over  the 
Trinity  Ch.,  Neponset,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
James  H.  Means,  of  Dorchester ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Kev.  George  W.  Blagden,  D.D.,  of 
Boston. 

"  23.  Rev.  RALPH  SMITH,  over  the  Ch.  in  New 
Canaan,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Weed, 
of  Norwalk. 

"  30.  Mr.  J.  TORREY,  Jr.,  over  theCh.  inEast 
Hardwick,  Vt.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr.  Wheeler, 
of  Burlington  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Kev.  C.  C. 
Parker,  of  Waterbury. 


iHmistcrs  iJHarrieU. 

April  23.  In  New  London,  Ct.,  Kev.  JOEL  H. 
LINSLEY,  D.D.,  of  Greenwich,  to  Mrs.  HAN- 
NAH THOMPSON,  of  New  London. 

May  16.  In  Loudon,  N.  11.,  Kev.  EDMUND  H. 
BLANCHARD,  of  Warwick,  Ms.,  [see  Ordina- 
tions,] to  ANNIE,  daughter  of  J.  E.  Clifford, 
Esq.,  of  Loudon. 


iiHnu'stcrs  Beccascti. 

March  14.    In  Northville,  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  Rev. 
SILVESTER  COCHRANE,  aged  64. 

"    21.    In  Ottawa,  111.,  Kev.  CHAUNCY  COOK, 

aged  82.     [Grad.  Middlebury  Coll.,  1808  ;  stu- 
died theology  with  Kev.  Dr.  Asa  Burton.] 

"    26.    In  North  Abington,  Ms.,  Kev.  WILLARD 
PIERCE,  aged  70. 

April  1.     In  West  Haven,   Ct.,   Kev.    JASON   AT- 
WATER,  aged  59. 

May  15.    In  Geneva,  Ashtabula  Co.,  C,  Rev.  ED- 
^VIN  H.  GILBERT. 

"    15.    In  Worcester,  Ms.,  Kev.  JOHN  MALTBY, 
of  Bangor,  Me.,  aged  65. 

"    16.    In  Newburyport,  Ms.,  Kev.  LUTHER  F. 
DIMMICK,  D.D.,  aged  69. 

"    25.     In  Marlboro',  Ms.,  Kev.  SYLVESTER  F. 
BUCKLIN,  aged  76. 

June  2.    In  Kittery,  Me.,  Rev.  JOHN  M.  C.  BAKT- 
LEY,  aged  61. 


348  Congregational  Library  Association.  [July, 

(!l:onsresatt0nal  Etbrarg   asgodation. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  this  Association  was  held  in  the  Committee  Room,  May  29th,  1860, 
at  12  M.,  the  President  in  the  chair.  Prayer  by  Rev.  Dr.  Tappan,  of  Augusta,  Me.  The  re- 
cords of  the  last  Annual  Meeting  were  read.  The  report  of  the  Treasurer  was  read  and  ac- 
cepted ;  and  he  was  authorized  to  borrow,  on  mortgage,  $3,000.  The  Directors'  Report  was 
read,  and  the  old  officers  re-elected,  except  Rev.  A.  C.  Thompson,  Director,  in  place  of  Rev. 
P.  Cooke,  D.D.  The  public  meeting  was  held  in  Central  Church,  where  Hon.  Emory  Wash- 
burn, ex-Governor  of  Massachusetts,  delivered  an  address,  which  is  printed  in  this  number. 

SEVENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT. 

In  presenting  their  Seventh  Annual  Report,  the  Directors  of  the  Congregational  Library 
Association  are  able  to  hold  up  several  cheering  aspects  of  this  young  Institution. 

An  accession  of  472  new  members  has  been  made  during  the  year,  which  brings  the  present 
number  up  to  2,772,  of  whom  182  have  been  enrolled  as  Honorary  Life  Directors.  So  many 
lineal  descendants  of  the  Pilgrims — for  such  they  nearly  all  are — animated  by  their  spirit,  and 
inheritors  of  their  faith,  forming  a  confederacy  as  wide  as  the  North  American  continent,  with  • 
the  single  aim  of  perpetuating  their  spirit  and  faith,  constitute  a  moral  power,  in  the  world, 
of  immense  force,  which  may  be  wielded  for  great  good.  Already  has  it  become  a  medium 
through  which  a  healthy  and  harmonizing  circulation  is  kept  up  between  the  heart  and  the  ut- 
termost extremities  of  the  Congregational  body. 

To  the  Library  and  Reading  Room  valuable  additions  have  also  been  made,  in  the  form  of 
donations  and  deposits,  amounting  to  703  bound  volumes,  5,630  pamphlets,  78  manuscript 
documents,  and  11  current  periodicals.  Among  these  donations  are  about  400  volumes  and 
700  pamphlets  from  the  library  of  the  late  Dr.  Codman  of  Dorchester,  by  his  son,  Capt.  John 
Codman  ;  a  complete  set  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society's  Collections  (34  volumes), 
presented  by  that  Society  ;  the  National  Intelligencer,  nearly  complete  (34  volumes),  from  Dr. 
E.  Spaulding  of  Nashua,  N.  H.,  and  a  series  of  ten  pictorial  illustrations  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wad- 
dington's  lectures  on  the  "  Pilgrim  Fathers,"  printed  on  cloth,  by  the  "  Working  Men's  Edu- 
cational Union,  London."  These  last  were  given  on  condition  that  they  should  be  loaned  to 
Pastors  of  churches  and  Superintendents  of  Sunday  schools,  in  illustrating  the  history  of  our 
fathers,  which,  in  his  view,  as  in  ours,  is  to  be  employed  as  an  element  of  immense  moral 
power  in  renovating  the  world. 

The  collections  now  in  the  Library  amount  to  6,010  bound  volumes,  22,510  pamplets,  and 
1,203  manuscript  documents.  The  Reading  Room  is  in  the  receipt  of  6  quarterlies,  16  month- 
lies, and  33  weeklies.  In  no  year  since  the  founding  of  the  Library  and  Reading  Room  have 
their  contents  been  turned  to  so  much  account.  Authors  of  learned  works,  writers  of  articles 
for  periodicals,  preachers  and  public  lecturers  have  acknowledged  their  obligations  for  helps 
which  they  had  failed  to  find  elsewhere.  A  printed  catalogue  has  become  a  necessity  which 
nothing  but  the  want  of  funds  has  kept  the  Directors  from  supplying. 

The  public  Committee  Room,  which  has  been  removed  to  the  same  floor  with  the  Library 
Hall,  and  placed  in  communication  with  it,  affords  accommodations  to  increasing  numbers 
from  month  to  month.  Nearly  a  hundred  meetings  of  associations,  ministerial,  charitable, 
and  literary,  have  been  held  there  the  past  year,  to  say  nothing  of  the  almost  daily  use  of  it 
by  smaller  groups  and  individuals,  who  come  in  to  write  a  letter  or  meet  a  friend.  The  room 
is  understood  to  be  rent  free  to  members,  while  at  the  same  time,  those  who  choose  to  aid  the 
Association  by  paying  for  its  use,  are  permitted  to  do  so. 

The  Congregational  Quarterly,  (in  which  the  Association  have  an  interest,)  as  was  foreseen 
from  the  start,  has  become  an  important  and  popular  agency  of  the  Association.  Simply  as  a 
record  of  our  Clerical  and  Church,  statistics,  it  fills  the  place  of  the  Congregational  Year- 
Book.  As  an  organ  of  the  denomination,  through  which  any  member,  who  finds  a  live 
thought,  may  subject  it  to  the  inspection  of  every  other,  it  developes  talent.  But  it  performs 
still  higher  functions.  If  to  unfold  the  principles  of  Congregationalism,  to  illustrate  the  spirit 
of  its  founders,  to  rekindle  a  zeal  for  their  cherished  faith,  and  to  unite  in  sentiment  and 
action  their  numerous  and  wide-spread  descendants,  be  promotive  of  the  great  objects  for 
which  our  Association  was  formed,  then  has  every  fresh  number  of  the  Quarterly  been  an  on- 
ward step  towards  the  attainment  of  those  objects.  Not  all,  but  a  larger  portion  of  its  subscri- 
bers, were  previously  enrolled  as  members  of  the  Congregational  Library  Association ;  and 
these,  at  least,  feel,  that  in  addition  to  any  personal  advantage  derived  from  its  perusal,  they 


I860.]  Amencan  Congregational  Union.  349 

are  carrying  out  the  design  of  that  memhership,  by  promoting  the  circulation  of  the  Quarterly, 
which  has  already  reached  an  issue  of  three  thousand  copies,  with  a  continual  increase  of  siib- 
scribers.  The  circulation  would  be  many  times  larger  (so  the  subscribers  are  all  the  while 
saying)  if  the  public  generally  knew  how  much  it  offers  for  the  dollar  it  asks. 

In  all  these  respects,  and  others  that  might  be  named,  the  Association  has  been  greatly  pros- 
pered the  past  year.  There  is  indeed  one,  and  only  one,  less  cheerful  view.  The  unexampled 
pressure  which  came  upon  the  business  of  the  country  in  the  summer  of  1857,  soon  after  we 
commenced  the  endovs-ment  of  our  Association  by  the  purchase  of  a  Building — a  pressure  not 
yet  wholly  removed — has  made  it  impossible  to  complete  the  eflfort.  It  has,  indeed,  prevented 
any  material  progress  in  that  direction  since  our  last  annual  meeting.  In  view  of  these  circum- 
stances, and  the  additional  fact  that  our  Corresponding  Secretary  has  found  it  necessary,  for  his 
health's  sake,  to  relinquish  the  labors  of  financial  agent,  the  Directors  believe  it  expedient  to 
suspend  all  outlays  for  collecting  funds,  until  better  times  return,  and  the  friends  of  the  enter- 
prise are  more  free  from  other  special  efforts.  By  this  arrangement,  it  is  hoped  that  the  income 
from  rents,  memberships,  and  unsolicited  donations,  will  cover  the  reduced  expense  till  the  Sec- 
retary, by  relaxation  and  rest,  shall  have  recruited  himself  for  a  renewed  effort,  when  the  proper 
time  shall  come.  Under  favoring  circumstances,  the  Directors  are  persuaded  that  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Association,  so  auspiciously  commenced,  may  be  carried  through  by  one  short, 
earnest  and  united  rally,  better  than  by  a  protracted  and  expensive  agency.  Meanw^hile,  the 
monthly  and  quarterly  meetings  will  be  held  as  usual ;  the  Library  will  be  kept  open,  and  in  the 
way  of  constant  enlargement ;  and  the  Committee  Room  will  be  available  for  all  its  accustomed 
uses  of  public  accommodation. 

The  Directors  will  only  add,  in  conclusion,  that  while  our  enterprise  has  suffered  embarrass- 
ment, in  common  with  every  other,  depending  on  the  contributions  of  the  public,  its  embarrass- 
ment has  been  the  greater  because  it  was  new,  and  had  all  its  channels  to  open.  But  even 
under  these  disadvantages,  it  has  lived,  and,  through  God's  blessing,  ha;  laid  foundations  on 
which  other  generations  will  build.  Posterity  will  appreciate  the  burdens  that  are  borne  by  its 
founders,  no  less  than  the  boon  which  is  thereby  brought  down  to  them.  There  is  much  to 
excite  hope  and  stimulate  efforts.  We  have  a  numerous  membership,  ever  growing  larger  and 
more  extended.  Our  Library  is  already  of  great  historical  worth  to  the  denomination.  Our 
property  is  increasing  in  value,  and  will  continue  to  rise.  With  an  addition  of  less  than  $20,000 
to  complete  the  endo^\inent,  we  secure  a  property,  in  the  building  and  its  contents,  worth  twice 
that  sura,  besides  the  permanent  self-support  of  our  Association,  and  the  complete  success  of 
the  Congi-egational  Library  enterprise. 


American  (Congrecfational  Linton. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Congregational  Union  was  held  at  its  stated  time, 
and  the  exercises  were  of  unusual  interest.  The  collation  was  a  complete  success.  The  Trus- 
tees have  held  their  stated  meetings  since  the  report  of  last  April,  and  appropriations  have 
been  made  to  nine  churches,  amounting  to  $1,800,00.  Last  bills  have  been  paid  since  April 
1st,  1860,  on  houses  of  worship,  as  follows  :— Wabaunsee,  K.  T.,  $500  ;  Nevada,  Cal.,  $300 ; 
Loda,  111.,  $300,  especial,  by  Dea.  Charles  Merriam,  Springfield,  Ms. ;  El  Paso,  111.,  $300. 

Applications  for  aid,  in  deeply  necessitous  cases,  are  being  pressed  with  unparalleled  im- 
portunity.    Our  receipts  are  not  one  third  enough  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  really  needy  and 

dependent. 

ANNUAL    REPORT. 

In  presenting  their  Seventh  Annual  Report,  the  Trustees  of  the  American  Congregational 
Union  would  gratefully  recognize  and  acknowledge  the  Divine  blessing  upon  their  work,  now 
fairly  begun.  Since  the  Corresponding  Secretary  has  given  his  whole  time  to  our  service — 
two  years  and  one  month — we  have  had  under  our  care  fifty-four  churches,  eight  only  having 
been  previously  received.  Of  these  sixty-two  churches  in  all,  one  has  been  dropped  at  its 
own  request.  Previous  to  May  1,  1858,  seven  houses  of  worship  had  been  completed,  and 
nine  during  the  following  year.  The  exceedingly  hard  times  at  the  West  for  the  three  years 
past,  (and  in  many  parts  of  that  region  the  last  has  been  the  hardest,)  have  prevented  many  of 
the  feeble  churches  from  finishing  their  work  of  building,  which  was  commenced  with  the  full 
confidence  of  completion  ere  this.  Still,  our  Treasurer  has  paid  last  bills  on  twenty-four 
sanctuaries  the  past  year,  and  there  are  twenty-one  now  under  appropriation,  in  process  of 


350  American  Congregational  Union.  [July. 

completion.  This  year  began  with  an  appropriated  balance  in  the  treasury  of  four  thousand 
nine  hundred  and  thirteen  dollars  and  twenty-eight  cents.  There  has  been  paid  to  the  Treas- 
urer from  May  1,  1859,  to  May  1,  1860,  inclusive,  nine  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
two  dollars  and  thirteen  cents,  making  the  available  resources  for  the  year,  fourteen  thousand 
seven  hundred  eighty-five  dollars  and  forty-one  cents.  Of  this  amount  six  thousand  and  four 
hundred  dollars  have  been  paid  to  the  twenty-four  churches  whose  sanctuaries  have  been 
completed,  and  there  is  an  appropriated  balance  of  five  thousand  and  one  dollars  and  thirty- 
sis  cents  in  the  treasury.  This  amount,  and  one  thousand  and  five  hundred  dollars  besides, 
are  pledged  for  the  twenty-one  houses  of  worship  now  in  process  of  building. 

It  should  be  said  here  that  the  past  is  really  our  first  year  of  work.  And  this  has  been 
encompassed  by  many  embarrassments,  some  growing  out  of  prejudice,  some  out  of  the 
exceeding  pressure  for  funds  from  older  and  larger  societies,  some  from  ignorance  of  the  char- 
acter and  importance  of  our  object ;  but  these  will  soon  cease  to  be  effective,  it  is  believed,  and 
this  organization  will  have  a  place  in  the  affections  and  charities  of  those  who  love  the  faith 
and  Church  polity  of  the  Apostles  and  the  Puritans.  May  that  time  speedily  come  !  Else, 
how  shall  we  meet  the  increasing  demands  upon  our  treasury,  already  over  pledged  in  the 
sum  of  more  than  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  while  our  Secretary  is  in  correspondence  now  with 
twenty-two  churches,  from  each  of  which  we  are  expecting  an  immediate  application  for  help, 
and  at  least  as  many,  if  not  twice  as  many  more  may  be  looked  for  during  the  coming  twelve 
months  ;  and  these  churches  are  all  our  churches,  dependent  churches, — hopeful  and  promis- 
ing, if  they  can  receive  a  little  to  meet  this  their  great  exigency — hopeful  and  promising,  if 
they  can  secure  sanctuaries  suited  to  their  necessities,  free  of  debt.  But,  if  they  can  not  get 
help,  they  will,  as  they  must,  despair,  if  not  die  out ;  as,  alas,  many  have  done  !  If  all,  if  the 
one  half,  of  our  churches,  would  contribute  annually  even  comparatively  small  amounts  to 
this  object,  we  could  aid  all  absolutely  needy  and  dependent  churches,  and  no  other  worthy 
object  of  Christian  charity  could  be  prejudiced  thereby.  So  far  from  this,  we  are  sure  that, 
by  this  mode  of  disbursing  consecrated  funds,  very  much  is  saved  to  other  channels  of  benevo- 
lence immediately  and  directly,  and,  moreover,  the  churches  thus  aided  soon  become  giving 
churches,  thus  helping  to  swell  the  stream  of  Christian  munificence.  Our  dependence  is 
upon,  as  our  appeal  is  to,  the  pastors  of  our  churches.  We  again,  in  the  name  of  our  common 
Master  and  common  Christianity,  and  in  the  name  of  more  than  ten  thousand  of  Christ's  poor> 
divided  into  some  four  hundred  feeble,  struggling  Congregational  Churches,  in  as  many  dark 
and  needy  communities  destitute  of  sanctuaries,  urge  and  beseech  them  to  place  this  good, 
though  it  be  a  new,  cause  upon  their  calendar,  and  give  it  a  place  among  their  cherished 
charities.  The  immediate  enlargement  of  the  congregations  and  Sabbath  Schools  of  the 
churches  we  have  already  aided,  the  goodly  number  before  dependent — now  self-sustaining, 
the  precious  revivals  of  religion  which  have  followed  the  release  of  the  struggling  church  from 
its  narrow,  dark,  cramped  rooms,  or  no  rooms,  and  its  entrance  into  the  humble  but  commo- 
dious House  of  the  Lord,  and  every  way  the  spring  and  life  given  to  these  churches  in  such  a 
delightful  transition,  7nake  this  a  work  as  immediately  remunerative  as  it  is  glorious  :  and 
adequate  means  only  are  wanting  to  prosecute  it  with  much  greater  proportionate  economy, 
and  on  a  basis  somewhat  adequate  to  its  demands. 

As  the  Ycar-Book  had  been  given  to  pastors  who  would  pledge  and  take  up  collections  for 
this  object,  and  as  this  Annual  has  been  merged  in  the  Congregational  Quarterly — in  the 
pages  of  which  our  work  is  reported,  every  three  months  ;  the  Trustees  authorized  their 
Secretary  to  send,  at  the  expense  of  our  treasury,  the  current  volume  of  that  periodical  to 
every  minister  who  would  pledge  and  take  up  and  forward  a  collection  free  of  expense  to  us  in 
aid  of  the  church-building  fund.  This  was  believed  to  be  the  cheapest  agency  that  could  be 
employed.  One  hundred  and  sixty-four  pledges  have  been  received,  and  about  one  third  have 
taken  and  forwarded  their  collections.  It  is  hoped  that  those  yet  unpaid  will  be  soon  forth- 
coming. 

The  Trustees  would  make  grateful  mention  of  the  fact  that  quite  a  number  of  individuals 
have,  during  the  last  year,  each  assumed  the  responsibility  of  completing  and  paying  last 
bills  on  a  sanctuary.  One  in  the  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars,  another  of  three  hundred,  quite  a 
number  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  and  two  hundred,  and  others  for  smaller  suras.  The  Lord  will 
reward  them  ;  and  will  he  not  also  turn  the  hearts  of  many  to  imitate  examples  so  worthy  ? 
Trusting  in  God's  unfailing  goodness  ;  trusting  in  Christ's  undying  love  to  his  own  poor ; 
trusting  in  the  sympathy  and  prayers  and  co-operation  of  Christ's  faithful  stewards,  we  give 
ourselves,  in  hope,  to  the  work  of  a  coming  year. 


Ktaai  %ik  Insurance  Compang. 

Office,  corner  of  State  and  Congress  Sts.,  BOSTON, 

In  the   Company's  Building^ 

INSURES  LIVES  on  the  MUTUAL  PRINCIPLE.  Net 
accumulation,  exceeding 

$1,350,000, 

and  increasing,  for  the  benefit  of  Members,  present  and  fu- 
ture. The  whole  safely  and  advantageously  invested.  The 
business  conducted  exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  the  persons 
insured.  The  greatest  risk  taken  on  a  life,  $15,000.  Sur- 
plus distributed  among  the  members  every  fifth  year,  from 
Dec.  1,  1843 ;  settled  by  cash,  or  by  addition  to  policy. 
The  distribution  of  Dec'r,  1858,  amounted  to  thirty-six  per 
cent,  of  the  premium  paid  in  the  last  five  years.  Premiums 
may  be  paid  quarterly  or  semi-annually,  when  desired,  and 
amounts  not  too  small. 

Forms  of  Application,  and  Pamphlets  of  the  Company, 
and  its  Reports,  to  be  had  of  its  Agents,  or  at  the  Ofiice  of 
the  Company,  or  forwarded  by  mail,  if  written  for. 

ID  I  I?,E  CT  o  E,S - 

WILLARD  PHILLIPS,  President, 
MARSHALL  P.  WILDER, 
CHARLES  P.  CURTIS, 
THOMAS  A.  DEXTER, 
A.  W.  THAXTER,  JR., 
GEORGE  H.  FOLGER, 
WILLIAM  B   REYNOLDS,     ' 
CHARLES  HUBBARD, 
SEWELL  TAPPAN, 
FRANCIS  C.  LOWELL, 
JAMES  STURGIS. 

JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D.,   Consulting  Physician. 

BENJAMIN  F.  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


GET   THE    BEST!" 


Messrs.  LADD,  WEBSTER  &  Co. 

Would  jinvite  the   attention   of  Clergymen  and  others   to   their   unrivalled 

Tight-Stitch  Sewing  Jffiwhines^ 

Designed  for  Family j  use.  Among  the  numerous  Testimonials  received, 
they  have  selected  two  or  three,  to  which  they  respectfully  invite  the  at- 
tention of  those  Avho  may  desire  to  purchase  a  really  reliable  article. 


U  m/4-  m/Oicnme  maJkeA 
a  u-ecutbi/taL  Lo-c«,  5fcU;cn/, 
aXtR,e  on,  t>oUv  Moei-,  on-o 
uHu.crv    Gouvrvob   (>e   loo-- J 


Qno   iJooiii,  cuie    U- 
ahx,\A,i.a  Mv  lift  okcia/tu>H/. 


^      TIGHT-STITCH 

SEWING  MACHINES, 

NO.  17  SUMIIIER  STREET, 

Opposite  Trinity  Churcb, 


q)  t  ti  co-h-au-te  op  keV- 
[otrvu-n-a  ttve  Iveoo-i-eii  a4 
uvetl  aA>  tac  U/oMeit  pa- 
itmi  J>€wn.rva. 

Q/N  0L!>eLeS-5  oao  Vajvi/O 
La  o|i^YatK>a. 

d)  t  ti  M)  *i/ni|tle  cuto- 
jytt,on.a,  ttvot  oeVa^^ae- 
trtervt  oj'  tt6  ^0/115  16  at- 
m.o*fc  an.  wvvlv<v6^t>iXbtiL. 


Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Isaac  P.  Lnngworihy,  Sec'y  American  Congregational 
Union,  to  a  brother  Clergyman. 

CiiKLSEA,  Ms.,  Aug.  13,  1859. 

I  wish  every  minister's  wife  had  one.     Her  friends  can  do  nothing  for 

her  to  the  same  amount  that  tvIII  so  miuh  help  and  bless  her  and  her  family,  as  to 
give  her  one.  The  gentlemanly  and  Christistn  proprietors  make  liberal  discounts  to 
Clergymen,  and  are  worthy  the  patronage  they  seek,  not  for  this  reason  so  much  as 
because  they  offer  for  sale  the  best  of  those  instruments,  which  have  become  an 
institution  for  woman. 

Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  E.  A.  Cwnmings,  Sec'y  of  Female  College,  Worcester. 

Female  College,  Worcester,  Dec.  1858. 
Allow  me  to  say,  after  having  well  proved  your  Family  Sewing  Ma- 
chine, that  we  are  perfectly  satisfied  with  our  choice,  and  recommend  it  with  a  great 
degree  of  confidence. 

LADD,  WEBSTER  &  CO.,  17  Summer  Street,  Boston, 


500  Broadway,  New  York, 

820  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 


131  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore, 
80  West  4th  Street,  Cincinnati. 


Vol.  II.  No.  4.  (One  Dollar  a  Year  in  Advance.)  ^^Jj^jj^^  ^^^  8. 


THE 


dt0ngr^gati0nal  ^ttHrtelj. 


ooTOBEiR,,  iseo. 


CONDUCTED,  UNDER  T^E  SANCTION  OP  THE 

Congregational    iLi&rarg    Association, 


AND    THE 


American    Congregational    Union, 

BY 

Revs.  J.  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,   H.  M.  DEXTER,   A.  H.  QUINT, 
AND  I.  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


BOSTON: 
CONGREGATIONAL   BUILDING,    CHAUNCY   STREET. 

N  E  W    Y  O  R  K  : 

ROOMS  OF  AMERICAN  CONGREGATIONAL  UNION, 

348    BROADWAY. 


CONTENTS. 


FAOE. 


Bennet  Tyler.     By  Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  Jamaica  Plain,  Ms 351 

Remin;scences.     Rev.  John  Nelson,  D.D.,  Leicester,  Ms 363 

Memorial  of  Luther  Fraseur  Dimmick,  D.D.    Rev.  Leonard  With- 

ington,  D.D.,  Newburyport,  Ms 370 

Congregational  Churches  and  Ministers  in  Windham  County, 

Ct.     Rev.  Robert  C.  Learned,  Berlin,  Ct. :  (Continued) •• .   376 

Ordination.    Mr.  James  P.  Lane,  Troy,  Vt 380 

Congregational   Churches  in  Portage  and  Summit  Counties, 

Ohio.     Rev.  John  C.  Hart,  Ravenna,  Ohio :  (Continued) 386 

Keeping  our  own  Vineyard.    Rev.  Abijah  P.  Marvin,  Winchendon,  Ms.  390 

Welsh  Congregational  Churches  in  the  Un; ted  States 401 

A   Lesson   from   the   Past  ;    The  Revival   Spirit  of  the  Pil- 
grims.   Rev.  Joseph  S.  Clark,  D.D 404 

American  Denominational  Statistics.    Rev.  A.  H.  Quint 409 

Mystic  Church,  Medford,  Ms  412 

Books  of  Interest  to  Congregationalists  : 

Steele's  Chief  of  the  Pilgrims 414 

Mrs.  Warren's  History  oftn^'-'-  Morning  Star," 414 

The   Young  Merchant 414 

Stuart's  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews 414 

Arnot's  Roots  and  Fruits  of  the  Christian  Life 415 

Metcalf's  Enquiry  into  the  Nature,  Foundation,  and  Extent  of  Moral 

Obligation 415 

Bickersteth's  Rock  of  Ages 415 

Congregational  Necrology 416 

Editors'  Table 421 

Congregational  Quarterly  Record 422 

American  Congregational  Union 424 


press  op  E.  L.  BALCH,  84  SCHOOL  ST. 


6^r7 


THE 


dj^njjr^iatlaital   ^iiart^rln. 


Whole  No.  VIIL— OCT.,  I860.— Vol.  II.  No.  IV. 


BENNET    TYLER.i 


BY    REV.    ALONZO    H.    QUINT,    JAMAICA    PLAIN,    MS. 


Not  many  years  have  passed  away  since 
the  din  of  an  earnest,  and  sometimes  vio" 
lent,  theological  conflict  in  New  England' 
ended.  The  leaders  themselves  have 
though  lately,  died.  A  new  generation  of 
Christian  reasoners  have  entered  the  are- 
na. In  the  ever-shifting  phases  of  expe- 
riences, and,  therefore,  of  doctrinal  dis- 
cussions, the  permanent  questions  of  the 
Christian  Church,  themselves  unchanging 
have  now  come  to  occupy  other  fields,  and 
assume  modified  forms.  The  character  of 
the  disputants,  as  well  as  the  results  of 
their  discussions,  are  already  free,  to  a 
very  large  class,  from  those  feelings  of 
partisanship,  which  their  own  participa- 
tion would  have  engendered.  That  con- 
flict is,  to  many  of  our  ministers  and  lay- 
men, necessarily  a  historical,  not  a  per- 
sonal nature  ;  and  particularly  to  such  as 
hardly  heard,  in  their  extreme  youth,  of 
the  party  names  under  which  our  denom- 
ination was  divided,  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury ago. 

The  recent  publication,  specified  above, 

1  Lectures  on  Theology.  By  Rer.  Bennet  Tyler, 
D.  D.,  late  President  and  Professor  of  Christian  The- 
ology in  the  Theological  Institute  of  Connecticut. 
With  a  memoir,  by  Rev.  Nahum  Gale,  D.  D.  Bos- 
ton :  J.  E.  filton  &  Co.  1859. 
VOL.  II.  38 


commemorates  the  character  and  opinion 
of  a  noted  theologian  of  that  epoch. 
Bennet  Tyler  was  one  of  those — a 
leader — who  followed  the  old  paths,  clung 
to  the  old  methods,  and  adhered  to  the 
old  views  of  doctrine.  He  was  not  ul- 
tra ;  but  he  was,  nevertheless,  the  as- 
sailant and  assailed,  together  with  Ebene- 
zer  Porter,  Leonard  AVoods,  and  Edward 
D.  Griffin,  and  the  many  others  of  like 
stamp  of  doctrine  who  still  linger  with 
us  in  body,  "  having  fought  a  good  fight." 
It  is  not  as  pastor,  nor  as  President  of  a 
College,  nor  yet  as  President  and  Pro- 
fessor in  a  Theological  Seminary,  that  his 
name  will  be  mentioned  in  the  history  of 
the  churches.  His  merits  or  demerits,  his 
usefulness  or  hurtfulness,  will  center 
about  the  theological  opinions  which  he 
stoutly  maintained,  not  only  against  the 
common  haters  of  Orthodoxy,  but  against 
— in  some  of  their  views — many  learned 
and  Christian  men  within  the  pale  of 
his  own  denomination.  The  book  before 
us  not  only  describes  the  man ;  it  ena- 
bles the  Christian  public  to  see  precisely 
what  were  the  doctrines  he  held,  and 
why  he  attached  to  them  so  great  an  im- 
portance.     The  memoir,  as  fuU  as  the 


362 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


circumstances  would  justify,  is  a  success- 
ful attempt  to  portray  a  positive  charac- 
ter ;  how  just  it  is,  must  be  decided  by 
others,  who  personally  knew  the  man.  Of 
his  theological  views  there  can  be  no 
question  ;  the  lectures  that  form  the  main 
part  of  the  work,  are  those  which,  in 
substance,  molded  the  faith  of  the  suc- 
cessive classes  which  have  come  from  the 
Seminary  at  East  Windsor  Hill.  Their 
incompleteness  is  the  only  ground  of  re- 
gret ;  and,  indeed,  until  not  only  his  still 
unpublished  writings  are  given  to  the 
world,  but  those  controversial  articles,  now 
scattered  in  various  magazines  are,  with 
their  replies,  collected  together,  an  im- 
portant chapter  in  the  theological  history 
of  New  England  must  remain  unfin- 
ished. 

Although  the  memoir  is  before  the  world, 
yet  it  is  due  to  the  memory  of  a  standard- 
bearer  in  our  churches,  that  the  main  fea- 
tures of  his  life  be  given  to  our  own  read- 
ers ;  and  doubtless,  not  unimportant  to 
represent  his  theological  views  as  they 
appear  when  seen  by  those  whose  sole 
knowledge  of  old  controversies  is  gath- 
ered from  the  various  published  writings 
of  himself  and  his  opponents,  and  whose 
sole  acquaintance  with  his  personal  aspect 
is  in  looking  at  the  beautiful  engraving 
prefixed  to  this  article. 

Bennet  Tyler  was  of  Connecticut  origin, 
both  on  his  father's  and  mother's  side. 
His  grandfather,  Daniel  Tyler,  removed 
from  Branford  to  Middlebury,  then  a  part 
of  Woodbury,  in  1743.  Daniel's  son, 
James,  resided  in  Middlebury ;  married 
Anne  Hungerford,  of  Watertown ;  and 
died  at  the  age  of  fifty-nine,  leaving  an 
unbroken  circle  of  five  children, — four 
sons  and  one  daughter.  The  youngest  of 
these  five  children  was  Bennet  Tyler, 
who  was  born  at  Middlebury,  July  10, 
1783. 

As  to  outward  circumstances,  there  was 
nothing  to  boast  of.  It  was  a  farmer's 
home,  where  the  labor  of  all  could  only 
.support  the  family;  and,  although  the 
elder  brothers  desired  a  liberal  education, 


the  want  of  pecuniary  ability  was  a  fatal 
difficulty.  In  his  childhood,  it  appeared  as 
if  the  same  obstacle  was  in  Bennet's  way. 
The  common  school,  a  mile  and  a  half 
distant,  which  he  entered  when  he  was 
six  years  old,  with  Webster's  Spelling 
Book  and  Daboll's  Arithmetic  as  the  chief 
text-books,  bid  fair  to  be  his  sole  field  of 
study ;  and  even  these  advantages  were 
restricted  to  the  winter  months,  as  with 
many  a  farmer's  boy,  so  soon  as  he  was 
old  enough  to  be  of  any  use  on  the  farm 
in  summer.  Even  this  partial "  schooling  " 
ceased  when  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age, 
and  he  went  to  Watertown,  to  learn  a 
trade.  An  accident,  three  months  after, 
changed  the  direction  of  his  life.  In  at- 
tempting to  leap  a  wall,  he  so  bruised  his 
side  as  to  render  him  luiable  to  labor ; 
and  he  went  home  with  his  father,  who 
had  made  him  a  visit,  expecting,  however, 
to  remain  but  a  few  days.  He  was  soon 
informed  by  an  uncle  that  his  brothers 
had  been  agitating  the  subject  of  his  edu- 
cation. His  desire  for  knowledge  broke 
out.  A  family  conference  was  held,  and 
it  was  determined  that  he  should  go  to 
College, — the  brothers  to  assist  the  father, 
if  necessary,  in  bearing  the  expense.  He 
obtained  a  Latin  Grammar,  and,  while 
still  disabled  from  bodily  work,  began  its 
study. 

The  parish  minister.  Rev.  Ira  Hart,  was 
his  resource  for  preparatory  instruction, 
his  father's  house  still  his  home,  and  his 
father's  farm  still  having  his  labor.  The 
year  after,  in  1800,  he  entered  Yale  Col- 
lege. Some  assistance  from  his  father, 
some  income  from  teaching  and  other  la- 
bor, and  rigid  economy,  enabled  him  to 
complete  his  College  course,  free  from 
debt.  In  1804,  he  graduated — how  high 
in  rank  is  not  now  known,  but  apparently 
in  the  highest  third  of  the  class — in  which 
were  Rev.  Dr.  Brace,  now  of  Pittsfield, 
Ms.,  Rev.  Dr.  McEwen,  of  New  London, 
Ct.,  John  C.  Calhoun,  Rev.  John  Marsh, 
the  late  Bishop  Gadsden,  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  others  who  have  risen  to  emi- 
nence.    It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  Rev. 


I860.] 


Bennet  Tyler. 


353 


John  Pierpout  was,  for  some  time,  his 
room-mate. 

He  graduated  honorably  and  out  of  debt. 
But  he  did  far  more.  He  graduated  a 
Christian.  His  early  training  had  been  a 
good  preparation  ;  for  his  ancestry  had, 
on  both  sides,  been  of  "  the  household  of 
faith."  The  blessings  of  the  covenant  had 
been  claimed  in  his  infant  baptism.  The 
Sabbath  and  public  worship  had  received 
their  due  honor  from  his  parents.  From 
the  family  altar  holy  incense  had  risen 
morning-  and  evening.  The  Assembly's 
Shorter  Catechism,  that  inheritance  of 
every  true  Puritan  family,  had  been  re- 
cited every  Sabbath  day.  He  had  been 
blessed  with  the  gentle  teachings  of  a 
pious  mother.  His  father  was  a  sterling 
and  exemplary  Christian.  When,  there- 
fore, after  an  absence  of  several  months 
from  College,  in  his  second  year,  in  which 
he  had  seen  his  father  "  die  the  death  of 
the  righteous,"  he  returned,  to  enter  the 
scenes  of  solemnity  which  followed  the 
great  revival  of  1802,  his  whole  early  ed- 
ucation made  him  particularly  a  subject 
for  the  renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

The  account  of  his  conversion  should 
be  given  in  his  own  simple,  but  affecting 
way.  After  alluding  to  times  of  serious 
reflection  in  childhood,  and  to  subse- 
quent skeptical  ideas,  which  infected, 
though  they  did  not  convince  his  mind, 
he  says : — 

"  This  was  the  state  of  my  mind  during 
my  first  and  part  of  my  second  year  in  col- 
lege. In  the  spring  of  1802,  while  I  was 
Sophomore,  that  great  revival  commenced 
in  Yale  College,  to  which  reference  has 
often  been  made,  and  which  issued  in  the 
hopeful  conversion  of  about  seventy  of  the 
students.  This  revival  commenced  a  few 
weeks  before  the  spring  vacation.  I  knew 
very  little  of  it,  however,  at  the  time,  as  I 
was  confined  with  the  measles,  and  as  soon 
as  I  was  able,  had  gone  home,  on  account 
of  tlie  w^eakness  of  my  eyes.  I  continued 
at  home  during  the  remainder  of  the  term, 
and,  owing  to  the  sickness  and  death  of  my 
father,  I  did  not  return  to  college  till  one 
or  two  weeks  after  the  commencement  of 


the  summer  term.  A  great  change  had 
taken  place  during  my  absence.  Many 
who  were  thoughtless  when  I  last  saw 
them,  were  now  rejoicing  in  hope,  and  oth- 
ers were  deeply  anxious  for  their  souls. 
!Mcan while  I  had  been  called  to  pass 
through  a  most  afi'ecting  scene.  My  father 
had  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith.  His 
death,  the  funeral  sermon  which  was 
preached  on  the  Sabbath,  and  the  intelli- 
gence which  I  had  received  from  college, 
had  made  a  deep  impression  on  my  mind. 
I  returned  to  college.  When  I  entered  the 
college  yard,  an  awful  solemnity  seemed 
to  rest  upon  every  object  on  which  I  cast 
my  eyes.  The  countenance  of  every  indi- 
vidual whom  I  saw  was  solemn.  '  How 
dreadful  is  this  place,'  was  the  exclama- 
tion wliich  seemed  naturally  to  force  itself 
from  me.  I  went  into  my  room.  On  the 
table  was  a  letter  addressed  to  me  from  a 
classmate  with  whom  I  had  been  intimate, 
and  whom  I  had  left  in  a  state  of  thought- 
less security.  His  attention  had  been 
called  up  to  the  concerns  of  his  soul ;  and 
having  heard  of  my  affliction  in  the  death 
of  my  father,  he  had  written  me  a  very 
affectionate  letter,  urging  upon  me  an  im- 
mediate attention  to  the  concerns  of  my 
soul.  My  room-mate  soon  after  came  from 
his  closet,  with  a  solemn,  joyful  counte- 
nance, and  told  me  what  God  had  done  for 
his  soul  since  we  had  parted.  My  feehngs 
at  this  time  can  be  better  imagined  than 
described.  Suffice  it  to  say,  an  impression 
was  now  made  upon  my  mind  Avhich  was 
never  effaced.  I  no  longer  halted  between 
two  opinions.  I  felt  that  if  I  did  not  se- 
cure my  salvation  now,  I  never  should ; 
and  I  resolved  to  attend  in  earnest  to  the 
things  which  belonged  to  my  peace.  I 
knew  not  what  to  do.  I  read  my  Bible 
and  tried  to  pray,  but  my  heart  was  as  hard 
as  adamant.  I  wandered  in  the  fields  med- 
itatmg  on  my  miserable  state,  and  tried  to 
cry  to  God  for  mercy.  But  I  had  no  sense 
of  God's  presence,  and  my  prayers  seemed 
not  to  ascend  over  my  head.  I  could  feel 
no  godly  sorrow  for  sin,  no  Jove  to  God, 
and  no  gratitude  for  liis  mercies.  I  knew 
that  there  was  not  one  right  feeling  in  my 
heart,  and  I  could  not  change  my  heart,  nor 
could   I   do   anything   to   induce   God   to 


354 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


change  it ;  and  what  to  do  I  knew  not. 
My  mind  was  filled  with  awful  darkness. 

"  I  was  in  this  state  several  weeks  ;  not  in 
such  great  distress  as  some  experience  ;  nor 
did  I  have  those  clear  views  of  my  sins 
which  sometimes  precede  conversion.  I 
have  many  times  feared,  indeed,  that  I  have 
never  had  any  gemiine  conviction  of  sin. 
I  think,  however,  I  was  convinced  of  the 
entire  depravity  of  my  own  heart ;  and 
although  I  cannot  recollect  such  awful 
heart-risings  as  some  have  expressed,  I 
think  I  was  brought  to  see  that  '  the  carnal 
mind  is  enmity  against  God,'  and  that 
nothing  short  of  the  almighty  energy  of  the 
Holy  Spirit  is  sufficient  to  subdue  it.  I 
can  recollect  that  a  calmness  came  over  my 
mind,  such  as  I  had  not  felt  before,  and 
that  my  \iews  of  divine  things  were  differ- 
ent from  what  they  had  been.  I  saw  that 
God's  requu-ements  were  reasonable,  and 
that  I  was  without  excuse.  Every  thing, 
indeed,  appeared  right  but  myself.  But 
my  ideas  were  not  very  clear,  and  I  cannot 
recollect  very  distinctly  what  my  views  and 
feelings  were.  The  burden  that  I  had  felt 
on  my  mind  was  in  a  great  measure  gone, 
and  my  fear  was,  that  I  was  losing  my 
religious  impressions.  I  found,  however, 
that  my  interest  in  the  subject  of  religion, 
so  far  from  being  abated,  was  increased.  I 
felt  a  disposition  to  pray,  and  seemed  to 
take  some  satisfaction  m  the  duty  ;  and  the 
more  I  thought  on  religious  subjects  the 
more  peaceful  I  felt ;  whereas  before,  di- 
rectly the  opposite  was  true.  A  few  days 
after  this  change  in  my  feelings,  I  was  pres- 
ent at  the  examination  of  some  of  the  stu- 
dents for  admission  to  the  church ;  and  one 
of  these,  in  giving  an  account  of  himself, 
seemed  to  describe  my  feelings  better  than 
I  could  haA^e  described  them  myself.  I 
then,  for  the  first  time,  began  to  think  it 
possible  that  I  might  have  passed  from 
death  unto  life.  But  my  hope  was  a  faint 
and  trembling  one,  and  has,  from  that  day 
to  this,  been  attended  with  many  doubts 
and  fears.  This  occurred  some  time  in  the 
summer  of  1802.  I  joined  the  church  in 
Yale  College,  April  3,  1803,  in  my  Junior 
year.' " 

1  On  a  slip  of  paper  found  in  Dr.  Tyler's  pocket 
book  was  written  in  an  unknown  hand  this  mem- 


The  year  subsequent  to  his  graduation, 
he  spent  in  teaching  the  Academy  in 
Weston,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ct.,  at  the  same 
time  employing  his  leisure  hours  in  read- 
ing, preparatory  to  the  study  of  theology. 
On  that  study  he  entered  in  the  autumn 
of  1805,  under  the  teaching  of  the  Rev. 
Asahel  Hooker,  of  Goshen,  Ct.,  for  one 
year,  that  being  the  usual  term  of  theo- 
logical study.  The  teacher  was  "  mild, 
generous,  self-denying,  sound  in  the  faith, 
discreet,  sober,  a  friend  to  his  people,  a 
lover  of  good  men,  given  to  hospitality, 
and  faithful  in  declaring  all  the  counsel  of 
God."°  The  pupil  was  faithful,  industri- 
ous, persistent,  spiritually  minded,  a  man  of 
prayer.  The  fellow-pupils  were  Heman 
Humphrey,  John  Woodbridge,  Frederick 
Marsh,  Joshua  Huntington,  and  Thomas 
Punderson.  The  studying  of  standard 
authors  on  a  series  of  questions  in  sys- 
tematic theology,  the  writing  of  essays  on 
each  question,  the  reading  of  these  essays 
to  the  teacher,  for  his  remarks  and  criti- 
cisms, as  well  as  for  those  of  the  fellow- 
students  ;  the  discussion  of  texts  of  Scrip- 
ture ;  praying,  and  now  and  then,  exhort- 
ing, in  neighborhood  prayer  meetings, 
near  or  remote;  the  observation  of  the 
methods  of  a  minister,  whom  the  late 
Professor  Porter  styled  "  one  of  the 
best  pastors,  if  not  the  very  best,  with 
whom  he  was  ever  acquainted  "  : — these 
furnished  advantages  to  which  we  may  pro- 
perly look  back  with  regret.  They  need- 
ed the  severe  discipline  and  accumulated 
treasures  of  Seminaries ;  but  Seminaries 
need  as  much  these  fiimily  ways  of  train- 
ing candidates  foi-  the  ministry.  Medical 
Schools  do  not  supersede  study  with  actual 
practitioners ;  nor  do  Law  Schools  render 
unnecessary  the  observation  of  practice 
in  a  lawyer's  office.  AVhen  will  our 
churches  be  wise  enough  to  demand  a 
practical  return  to  the  old  ways  V 

Mr.  Tyler's  first  sermon  was  preached 

orandum:    "April  3,  A.  D.,  1803.— Moses  Stuart, 
(Tutor,)  Banks,  Frost,  E.  Swift,  Tyler,  Van  Ueuvel, 
Juniors,  made  a  profession  of  religion  at  Yale  Col- 
lege." 
2  Rev.  John  Woodbridge,  D.D. 


I860.] 


Beimct  Ti/ler. 


355 


in  South  Cornwall,  to  the  congregation  of 
Rev.  Timothy  Stone.  A  story,  which  the 
preacher  himself  was  always  fond  of  relat- 
ing, as  to  his  first  effort,  should  not  be  omit- 
ted. It  was  as  to  the  compliment  he  re- 
ceived from  Mrs.  Stone.  "  I  heard  a  man 
say,"  she  remarked,  as  they  were  return- 
ing from  church,  ''  that  he  liked  your  ser- 
mon very  much ;  but,"  she  added,  after  a 
pause,  "  I  do  not  regard  him  as  a  very 
good  judge  of  sermons."  Unterrified  by 
such  praise,  he  continued  to  preach,  and 
was  soon  urged  to  settle  in  Blanford,  and 
also  in  Milford.  He  could  accept  neither. 
At  the  very  commencement  of  his  work 
he  seemed  destined  to  be  a  victim  of  con- 
sumption. His  health  was  feeble  ;  a  pain 
in  the  chest,  which  had  commenced  in 
College,  attributed,  by  himself,  to  bend- 
ing over  a  low  table  in  study,  greatly  in- 
creased ;  his  lungs  were  inflamed ;  and  all 
of  these  symptoms  were  aggravated  by 
the  vehement  style  and  delivery  of  his 
early  preaching.  A  journey  on  horse- 
back, however,  with  a  friend,  so  material- 
ly improved  his  health,  that  he  was  able 
to  resume  occasional  preaching  ;  and,  in 
the  autumn  of  1807,  a  year  after  his  li- 
cense by  the  Litchfield  North  Associa- 
tion, he  began  to  preach  in  South  Britain, 
Ct. 

It  was  almost  a  hopeless  field.  The 
Church  had  been  divided  by  means  of  a 
deposed  pastor ;  and,  for  six  years,  had 
had  neither  pastor  nor  the  administration  of 
the  Lord's  supper.  He  preached  through 
the  winter,  however,  with  decided  suc- 
cess. An  effort  to  raise  a  parish  fund 
proved  successful.  He  was  invited  to 
settle,  accepted  the  call,  and,  on  the  first 
of  June,  1808,  was  ordained.  He  had 
been  married,  on  the  12th  of  the  preced- 
ing November,  to  Esther,  daughter  of 
Dea.  John  Stone,  of  INIiddlebury. 

Mr.  Tyler's  ministry  at  that  place  cov- 
ered fourteen  years.  Space  will  not  al- 
low us  to  enter  into  details  of  his  Avork  ; 
such  labor  as  a  "  waste  "  place  needed,  he 
performed.  Church  discipline  was  estab- 
lished— ten  cases  being  disposed  of  dur- 
VOL.  II.  38* 


ing  the  first  year,  when  the  whole  mem- 
bership was  but  thirty-three.  The  pastor 
visited  from  house  to  house,  and  preached 
in  the  various  school  districts.  People 
were  induced  to  return  to  the  sanctuary. 
As  a  result,  twenty  were  added  to  the 
Church  during  the  first  year.  A  revival, 
in  1812,  lasted  about  a  year,  and  brought 
about  eighty  persons  into  the  Church. 
Another  revival  took  place  in  1821.  And 
during  his  ministry  there,  one  hundred 
and  five  persons  made  a  profession  of  their 
faith.  From  a  moral  wilderness,  the  par- 
ish became,  for  a  small  one,  strong. 

In  1822,  Mr.  Tyler  became  President 
of  Dartmouth  College.  The  recommen- 
dation of  Dr.  Porter,  and  others  like  him, 
had  doubtless  led  the  Trustees  of  that  In- 
stitution to  call  him  from  his  country  par- 
ish. Of  his  connection  with  the  College, 
and  of  his  leaving  it,  he  says : — 

"  I  was  among  strangers,  and  engaged  in 
duties  to  which  I  was  unaccustomed.  But 
I  found  myself  surrounded  by  able  profess- 
ors, who  treated  me  with  great  kindness, 
and  rendered  me  all  the  assistance  in  their 
power.  My  situation  was  much  more 
pleasant  than  I  anticipated  ;  and  through 
the  assistance  of  a  gracious  Providence, 
I  was  enabled  to  discharge  the  duties  which 
devolved  iipon  me  Avith  acceptance.  I  have 
never  had  any  reason  to  doubt  that  I  was 
in  the  path  of  duty  when  I  accepted  the 
appomtment.  !My  labor  in  the  service  of 
the  college,  I  humbly  trust,  was  not  alto- 
gether in  vain.  I  had  the  satisfaction  to 
know  that  I  left  it  in  a  more  prosperous 
condition  than  I  found  it.  It  was  no  part 
of  my  duty,  as  president  of  the  college,  to 
preach  on  the  Sabbath  ;  but  the  health  of 
the  professor  of  divinity  failing  soon  after 
my  inaugui-ation,  I  found  it  necessary  to 
supply  his  place ;  and  durmg  the  whole 
period  of  my  presidency  I  preached  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  time.  In  the  year 
1826,  there  was  a  verj'  interesting  revival 
of  religion,  both  among  the  students  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  village,  which  will 
be  remembered  by  not  a  few,  while  '  im- 
mortality endures.' 

"  I  was  connected  with  the  college  six 
years  ;  and,  although  I  never  felt  so  much 


356 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


at  home  as  in  the  duties  of  the  ministry, 
still  I  had  no  serious  thoughts  of  relinquish- 
ing my  station,  till,  very  unexpectedly,  I 
received  a  call  from  the  Second  Church  in 
Portland.  When  I  received  this  call,  I  felt 
a  new  hankering  for  the  duties  and  joys 
of  the  pastoral  life,  and  believing  I  could 
resign  my  office  without  putting  in  jeoiJ- 
ardy  the  interests  of  the  college,  I  concluded 
to  do  so.  I  parted  with  the  trustees,  fac- 
ility, and  students,  with  feelings  of  great 
cordiality,  and  I  had  reason  to  believe  that 
the  feelings  were  reciprocated." 

In  September,  1828,  Dr.  Tyler  (he  had 
received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Mid- 
dlebury  College,  in  1822,  and,  being 
guiltless  of 

"  The  sin  that  Satan  loves  the  best, 
The  pride  which  apes  humility," 

had  accepted  it,)  became  the  successor  of 
Dr.  Payson,  at  Portland.  "  I  find  my- 
self," he  says,  "  engaged  in  the  delightful 
duties  of  the  pastoral  office." 

"Dr.  Tyler  came  to  Portland,"  says  one 
of  his  parishioners,  "in  the  right  time. 
While  he  remained,  he  was  the  right  man 
in  the  right  place.  His  clear  aud  logical 
mind  was  needed  to  systematize  the  truth, 
which  had  been  so  faithfully  and  pungent- 
ly  preached  by  his  beloved  and  almost 
adored  predecessor.  No  man  that  ever 
preached  ia  this  city  could  set  before  the 
minds  of  his  hearers  more  clearly  the  con- 
troverted and  mysterious  doctrines  of  the 
gospel.  He  was  at  home  in  a  doctrinal 
discussion.  There  is  no  doubt  that  he 
loved  to  preach  on  the  doctrines ;  and  he 
was,  by  doing  it,  made  the  occasion  of 
great  and  lasting  benefit  to  this  commu- 
nity. 

"  But,  although  he  loved  doctrinal  discus- 
sion, he  was  also  eminently  practical.  His 
preaching  was  not  the  exhibition  of  the 
dry  bones  of  theology,  without  a  covering 
of  flesh  upon  them  ;  but  there  was  a  vital- 
ity which  took  hold  of  the  heart  and  con- 
science, as  well  as  the  understanding.  He 
was  a  pungent  preacher  ;  his  sermons  had 
a  directness  of  application  which  could 
not  be  mistaken.  The  backslider  and  tlie 
impenitent  were  not  forgotten,  and  were 
treated  faithfully,  but  tenderly,  while  he 


labored  also  to  build  up  the  Church  in  the 
faith.  I  think  I  state  what  is  true,  when 
I  say  that  every  body  loved  him,  and  that 
he  appeared  to  love  every  body.  His  kind, 
affectionate  and  winning  manner  made  him 
deservedly  a  favorite.  He  was  uniformly 
the  same,  respecting  the  feelings  of  every 
one — accessible  and  courteous  to  all.  None 
would  hesitate  to  apjjroach  him  with  any 
question  of  practical  or  doctrinal  difficulty, 
for  all  knew  they  would  be  welcomed  with 
kind  words.  Who  ever  heard  of  his  utter- 
ing an  unkind  word  against  another,  or  of 
his  treating  any  individual,  whether  de- 
nominationally friendly  or  not,  otherwise 
than  with  affability  and  kindness  ?  " 

His  ministry  at  Portland  lasted  but  six 
years.  In  the  fall  of  the  year  1833,  the 
Theological  Institute  of  Connecticut  was 
founded,  and  he  was  selected  for  the  Pres- 
idency and  the  chair  of  Christian  Theol- 
ogy- 

The  circumstances  under  which  he  was 
called  to  decide,  were  peculiar  ;  and,  while 
it  is  not  our  intention  to  enter  into  the 
controversies  which  occasioned  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Seminary  at  East  Windsor, 
a  statement  of  the  historical  facts  con- 
nected therewith  is  necessary.  For  sev- 
eral years  prior  to  this  date,  certain  new 
theological  speculations  had  been  ad- 
vanced, particularly  in  Connecticut, 
which  excited  great  alarm  among  many 
of  the  friends  of  truth.  Their  originators 
and  advocates  denied  that  the  essence 
of  any  old  Orthodox  doctrines  was 
touched,  but  insisted  that  the  new 
speculations  were  successful  attempts 
to  explain  certain  dogmas  in  a  way 
calculated  to  silence  objections  against 
Christian  truth ;  to  remove  the  misap- 
prehensions, by  which  a  former  style 
of  preaching  had  created  obstacles  to  per- 
sonal repentance  and  faith ;  and  to  har- 
monize more  completely,  and  thus  to 
strengthen,  the  system  of  doctrine  held 
by  the  Church.  Their  opposers  insisted 
that,  if  the  doctrines  themselves  were  not 
denied,  yet  they  were  in  danger,  from 
principles  whose  logical  results  must  inev- 


I860.] 


Bennet  Tyler. 


357 


itably  issue  in  an  abandonment  of  the  pe- 
culiar beliefs  of  the  churches.  These  new 
theories  were  advanced  in  the  only  Theo- 
logical School  of  that  State  ;  were  sus- 
tained by  men  of  ability,  high  official 
standing,  learning,  character,  and  piety. 
The  Christian  Spectator^  issued  at  New 
Haven,  early  advocated  the  new  views, 
and,  for  quite  a  number  of  years,  as  the 
files  of  that  periodical  will  show,  was  very 
active  on  that  side.  The  Cor\cio  ad  Cle- 
rum,  preached  in  1828,^  by  Prof.  N.  W. 
Taylor,  upon  the  passage,  "  And  were  by 
nature  chddren  of  wrath,  even  as  others," 
presented  views,  which,  though  by  no 
means  original,  advocated  in  a  masterly 
manner  a  doctrine  of  sin  different  from  the 
ancient  New  England  Theology.  Publi- 
cations on  Using  the  Means  of  Regene- 
ration, with  their  review,  and  other  similar 
issues,  exhibited  the  strong  hold  which 
the  "  improvements  "  had  taken,  and 
aroused  the  strongest  interest  in  opposi- 
tion. In  the  controversies  which  ensued, 
Dr.  Tyler,  with  others,  entered  with  ardor. 
The  various  articles  published  on  both 
'"''^'sides,  we  may  well  pass  by.  That  they 
only  widened  the  breach  is  to  be  expect- 
ed. "  Not  a  few  of  our  readers  are 
aware,"  said  the  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  in 
1832,  "that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Taylor,  Profes- 
sor of  Didactic  Theology  at  New  Haven, 
has  been  suspected  of  a  departure,  on 
some  points,  from  the  Orthodox  faith ; 
and  that  much  alarm  has  been  ex- 
pressed lest,  as  a  teacher  of  theology,  he 
should  introduce  heresy  into  our  church- 
es. The  existence  of  such  suspicions 
and  alarms  induced  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hawes, 
of  Hartford,  to  address  him  a  letter,  re- 
questing him  to  '  make  a  frank  and  full 
statement  of  his  religious  views.'  "  Such 
a  statement  was  published  in  the  Con- 
necticut Observer,  of  Feb.  20,  18.32,  re- 
published in  the  Spii-it  of  the  Pilgrims,  in 
March  following,  and  also  in  the  Chris- 
tian Spectator,  of  the  same  month.  Dr. 
Tyler,  then  at  Portland,  believed  that, 
while  the  articles  subscribed  to  by  Dr.  Tay- 
1  Kepublished  at  New  Haven,  in  1842. 


lor  might  "  be  understood  in  a  safe  sense," 
yet  the  illustrations  and  explanations  of 
some  of  them  contained  principles  which 
led  to  the  total  subversion  of  them  ;  and, 
though  safely  held  by  the  then  teachers, 
yet,  if  adopted  by  pupils,  would  legiti- 
mately lead  to  the  renouncing  of  some  of 
the  fundamental  doctrines  of  the  gospel. 
His  criticisms  were  published  in  the  Spirit 
of  the  Pilgrims,  in  June. 

A  discussion  ensued,  over  the  sig- 
natures of  the  parties,  which  was  finally 
closed,  or  rather  tranferred  to  other  cjuar- 
ters  by  the  refusal  of  the  editors  to  allow 
its  continuance  in  their  columns.  Of  the 
merits,  or  indeed,  history  of  these  various 
discussions,  it  is  needless  to  speak.  They 
are  alluded  to  as  the  main  incidents  in 
the  train  of  events,  which  led  to  the  form- 
ation of  a  new  Theological  Institute,  and 
called  Dr.  Tyler  to  its  head.  Amidst  a 
good  deal  of  rather  promiscuous  skirmish- 
ing, the  main  point  of  attack  and  defence 
was  upon  the  key  to  the  Christian  system 
— the  doctrine  of  sin — how  secured  in  all 
men  by  the  fall  of  Adam, — how  it  exists 
in  man's  nature, — in  what  it  consists, — 
how  removed  in  regeneration, — its  rela- 
tion to  the  greatest  good, — and  its  position 
in  God's  decrees.  Much  time  and  paper 
were  spent,  unsuccessfully,  in  adjusting 
the  use  of  terms.  Explanations  were  at- 
tempted, oftener  to  envelojje  a  disputed 
point  in  greater  obscurity.  But  this  re- 
sult was  evident :  two  sets  of  views. 

The  apprehensions  felt  by  the  adherents 
of  the  old  New  England  Theology,  finally 
led  to  the  calling  of  a  Convention  of  min- 
isters, which  met  at  East  Windsor,  Sept. 
10,  1833.  About  forty  were  present,  who, 
after  two  days'  prayerful  deliberation,  re- 
solved to  form  a  "  Pastoral  Union,"  and 
to  establish  a  new  Theological  Seminary. 
The  amount  of  funds  determined  upon  as 
essential  (S20,000)  was  subscribed  in  a 
few  weeks,  and,  with  this  meager  founda- 
tion (since  greatly  increased),  the  Trus- 
tees, elected  at  the  meeting  of  the  10th, 
proceeded  to  locate  the  Institution,  pro- 
vide  buildings,  and  select  a  faculty.     It 


358 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


•was  thus  til  at  Dr.  Tyler  was  chosen  to 
the  office  he  was  to  fill  for  twenty-four 
years.  He  was  inaugurated  on  the  13th 
of  May,  1834,  the  same  day  with  the  lay- 
ing of  the  corner-stone  of  the  Seminary 
edifice. 

Dr.  Tyler's  own  account  of  his  en- 
trance upon  that  work,  as  written  a  few 
years  prior  to  his  death,  is  as  follows : — 

"In  the  fall  of  1833,  the  Theological 
Institute  of  Connecticut  was  founded,  and 
I  was  appointed  president,  and  professor  of 
Christian  theology.  I  was  now  called  upon 
to  decide  a  very  important  question.  I 
was  happy  with  my  people,  and  had  reason 
to  suppose  I  enjoyed  theii-  aifection  and 
confidence.  I  could  not  expect  or  wish 
for  a  more  pleasant  situation  in  the  world. 
I  also  occupied  a  post  of  great  importance. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  institution  to  which 
I  was  called  was  new,  and  as  yet  unorgan- 
ized. It  had  peculiar  difficulties  to  strug- 
gle with,  and  whether  it  would  ever  be 
able  to  accomplish  any  thing  of  impor- 
tance was  yet  to  be  decided.  So  far  as  my 
own  temporal  interests  were  concerned,  to 
embark  in  the  new  enterprise  seemed  to  be 
giving  Tip  a  certainty  for  an  uncertainty. 
I  could  surely  see  no  worldly  motives  to 
induce  me  to  listen  to  the  case  presented 
to  me  ;  and  some  of  my  friends  did  not 
hesitate  to  say  that  such  a  step  on  my  part 
would  be  unwise.  But  the  question  to  be 
decided  was,  not  what  would  be  most  for 
my  temporal  interest,  but  what  was  the 
will  of  the  great  Head  of  the  Church. 
That  I  might  be  divinely  directed,  I  re- 
quested a  special  remembrance  in  the 
prayers  of  the  Church.  I  sought  counsel 
of  some  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in 
New  England,  such  as  Dr.  Griifin,  Dr. 
Humphrey,  the  professors  at  Andover, 
Governor  Smith,  and  many  others.  Most 
of  those  whom  I  consulted  thought  it  my 
duty  to  accept  the  appointment.  After 
long  and  prayerful  consideration,  I  came 
to  the  same  conclusion  myself.  I  was 
well  acquainted  with  the  state  of  theolog- 
ical affairs  in  Connecticut,  and  it  appeared 
to  me,  as  it  did  to  the  founders  of  the 
institution,  that  the  interests  of  religion 
required  that  a  stand  should  be  taken,  and 


that  the  object  was  sufficiently  important 
to  justify  the  risk  which  I  shotild  run.  I 
felt  that  God  called  me  to  run  this  risk, 
and  to  trust  in  him  as  Abraham  did  when 
he  went  out  at  the  divine  command,  not 
knowing  whither  he  went.  And  I  Avish 
you  to  understand  that,  from  that  time  to 
the  present,  my  mind  has  never  wavered. 
I  have  not  seen  an  hour  in  which  I  have 
felt  any  distressing  doubt  as  to  the  cor- 
rectness of  my  decision.  I  believe  the 
establishment  of  this  seminary  has  been 
the  means  of  great  good." 

The  twenty-four  years  passed  away  with 
credit  to  Dr.  Tyler.  Patience,  energy, 
self-control,  simplicity  of  character,  hope- 
fulness, enthusiasm,  and  kindness,  are 
evident  in  the  work  which  he  accom- 
plished, as  well  as  in  the  testimony  of 
colleagues  and  students.  Of  the  par- 
ticular events  of  that  period  we  have 
nothing  to  say.  We  turn  to  a  sight 
of  his  doctrinal  tenets,  first  specifying 
some  general  characteristics  of  his  writ- 
ings as  they  impress  us  in  reading. 

Our  first  impression  is,  the  eminently 
Biblical  character  of  his  methods  of  study 
and  teaching.  The  views  he  holds  are, 
in  his  opinion,  based  on  the  Bible.  All 
theories  must  be  brought  "  to  the  laws 
and  to  the  testimony ; "  or,  rather  he  is 
suspicious  of  all  Ideas  which  do  not  spon- 
taneously come/rom  the  Scriptures.  His 
highest  idea  of  the  philosophy  a  Christian 
should  hold,  evidently  is  that  God's  re- 
vealed word  is  the  source  and  basis  of  all 
religious  truths.  In  forming  his  system, 
he  would  not  begin  with  theories  of  the 
mind,  but  with  the  Bible.  What  his 
views  of  Natural  Theology  would  be,  we 
cannot  say,  for  we  have  no  data ;  but  his 
tendencies  would  naturally  lead  him  to 
the  side  of  those  who  believe  the  fact,  so 
undeniable  by  every  historical  student, 
that  without  the  Bible  men  can  know 
very  little  religious  truth,  and  that  they 
cannot  fearn  from  the  light  of  nature 
whether  there  is  one  God,  or  whether 
there  are  forty  ;  that  although  the  facts 
exist,  and  when  understood  are  in  beau- 


I860.] 


Bennet  Tyler. 


359 


tiful  harmony  with  man's  true  nature,  yet 
they  are  actually  hidden  until  God's 
word  interprets  them.  Now  whether 
we  are  right  in  this  or  not,  one  will  be 
struck,  in  all  his  writings,  with  the  fre- 
quency and  reverence  with  which  all 
theories  are  discussed  Scrlpturally.  In 
his  controversial  writings,  the  frequent 
richness  of  his  Scriptural  arguments  is 
eminently  pleasing.  He  does  not  reject 
reason  and  experience  ;  but  "  his  delight 
is  in  the  Law  of  the  Lord." 

A  second  feature  of  his  writings,  is 
their  honest,  plain,  sturdy,  common-sense 
way  of  dealing  with  his  themes.  He 
does  not  seem  to  us  to  take  unfair  advan- 
tages over  his  opponents.  He  states  in  a 
direct,  straightforward  way  his  own  views 
and  the  arguments  by  which  he  is  satis- 
fied. He  apprehends  others  just  as  they 
would  naturally  be  apprehended  by  the 
mass  of  men.  He  is  regardless  of  verbal 
subtiltles.  This  is  sometimes  to  his  tem- 
porary disadvantage  in  discussion ;  his 
more  lithe  antagonists  slip  aside  in  a 
cloud  of  etymological  ambiguities.  Not 
tempted  away  however,  he  holds  to  the 
main  point  with  a  grasp  that  leads  impar- 
tial readers  to  feel,  that  he  is  trustworthy. 
He  prefers  the  old  back-log  and  forestick, 
to  a  glittering  display  of  brushwood.  He 
is  satisfied  with  the  odor  of  a  flower,  rather 
than  in  eager  analysis  to  eliminate  the 
odor,  to  spoil  the  flower.  He  prefers  the 
body  living,  to  the  body  killed  in  the 
study  of  its  materials  ;  truth  vitalized,  to 
truth  dissected  to  death. 

A  third  feature  of  his  writings  is  the 
impression  that  he  is  a  safe  man  to  follow. 
He  uses  his  natural  eyesight,  neither  soar- 
ing into  telescopic  hights,  nor  cramping 
himself  to  microscopic  niceties.  Satisfied 
with  those  old  paths  where  his  heart  finds 
rest  in  company  with  the  great  mass  of 
the  Church,  he  has  no  need  to  seek  for 
better.  He  evidently  wishes  for  no  im- 
provements in  theology,  except  such  as 
common  Christian  experience  suggests; 
certainly  he  never  followed  the  will-o- 
wisp   of   "  improvement "   in   its    flitting 


over  the  fens  and  marshes  of  human 
speculations.  His  advances  in  theology 
were  to  be  found  in  heart-philosophy,  not 
in  new  systems  of  mental  science, — learn- 
inof  more  of  the  doctrines  of  the  cross  in 
a  prayerful  and  scriptural  life,  than  in 
metaphysics.  Deficient  in  fancy,  rarely 
emotional,  lacking  brilliancy,  to  appear- 
ance not  meeting  all  the  wants  of  our 
nature, — yet  a  deeper  study  convinces 
one  that  his  whole  heart  is  in  his  teach- 
ings, and  hence  their  power.  You  see 
that  he  has  felt,  himself,  the  power  of 
native  sinfulness ;  that  he  knows  by  ex- 
perience that  sin  Is  deeper  than  mere 
choices ;  that  his  own  heart  knows  its 
natural  helplessness ;  that  his  peace  and 
joy  rests  on  a  personal  experience  of  a 
truly  vicarious  atonement ;  that  he  has 
practically  learned  the  regenerating  power 
of  the  Spirit ;  and  that  he  lives  by  faith. 
He  could  not  get  far  away  from  the  truth, 
because  his  living  experience  kept  him 
at  his  moorings. 

From  these  principles  his  theological 
position  is  easily  inferred.  It  was  inevi- 
table that  he  should  be  found  with  that 
section  of  the  Church  which  starts  with 
God's  supremacy  and  work,  rather  than 
with  those,  whose  theories,  equally  con- 
scientious, are  adjusted  to  men's  rights 
and  abilities, — the  two  great  divisions 
which  always  have,  and  probably  always 
will  exist  on  earth — both  of  which  are 
modified  in  practical  religion.  What 
the  views  which,  according  to  Dr.  Tyler, 
the  founders  of  the  Institute  held,  and 
which,  he  says,  had  his  "  cordial  assent," 
are  represented  in  part  in  the  following 
extracts : — 

"  The  founders  of  the  Institute,"  he 
says,  "  were  Old  School  New  England 
Calvinists.  They  repudiated  the  new 
speculations  which  had  been  recently  put 
forth,  and  which  claimed  to  be  great 
improvements  of  the  system  of  New 
England  Theology 

"  They  believed  in  the  absolute  su- 
premacy of  Jehovah,  whose  '  works  of 
providence  are  his  most  holy,  wise,  and 


360 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


powerful,  preserving  and  governing  all 
his  creatures.'  .  .  '  That  he  has  foreor- 
dained whatsoever  comes  to  pass ;  and 
that  all  beings,  actions,  and  events,  both 
in  the  natural  and  moral  world,  are  sub- 
ject to  his  providential  direction  ;  and 
that  God's  purposes  perfectly  consist  with 
human  liberty,  God's  universal  agency 
with  the  agency  of  man,  and  man's 
dependence   with  his  accountability.'  .  .  . 

"  They  believed  that  men,  as  free  moral 
agents,  are  under  perfect  obligation  to 
obey  every  divine  command.  .  .  .  They 
adopted  the  distinction  which  was  made 
by  Edwards  and  other  New  England 
divines,  between  natural  and  moral  ability 
and  inability.  And  they  held  '  that  man 
has  understanding  and  strength  to  do  all 
that  God  requires  of  him,  so  that  nothing 
but  the  sinner's  aversion  to  holiness  pre- 
vents his  salvation.'  By  natural  strength 
or  ability,  they  meant  nothing  more  than 
the  possession  of  those  faculties  which  are 
essential  to  moral  agency.  .  .  They  had 
no  sympathy  with  those  who  held  to  a 
self-determining  power  of  the  will,  or  the 
power  of  a  contrary  choice,  nor  with 
those  who  ascribe  to  sinners  a  gracious 
ability,  or  any  ability  which  implies  a 
right  disposition,  or  a  disposition  to  get  a 
right  disposition,  or  anything  which  is 
inconsistent  with  the  most  absolute  moral 
inability.  .  .  . 

"  They  belived  of  course,  all  those 
doctrines  of  grace  which  this  dependence 
implies — the  doctrines  of  total  deprav- 
ity, of  regeneration  by  the  special  agen- 
cy of  the  Holy  Spirit,  of  divine  sov- 
ereignty, and  of  eternal  and  particular 
election. 

"  They  believed  '  that  God  created 
man  in  his  own  moral  image,  consisting 
in  knowledge,  righteousness,  and  holi- 
ness.' That  Adam,  the  federal  head  and 
representative  of  the  human  race,  was 
placed  in  his  probation,'  that  he  fell,  that 
previous  to  his  renewal  by  the  Holy 
Ghost,  every  man  is  personally  depraved, 
destitute  of  holiness,  unlike,  and  opposed 
"  to  God.'  .  .  '  That  in  consequence  of  his 


[Adam's]  sin,  all  his  posterity  have  be- 
come sinners,' — '  by  derivation.' 

"  They  believed  '  that  the  only  ground 
of  pardon  and  salvation  to  sinners  is  the 

atonement   of  Christ truly  vicarious, 

...  .of  infinite  value.  . .  .sufficient  to  ex- 
piate the  sins  of  all  men, ....not  that 
Christ  died  for  all  men  with  a  design  to 
save  all,  or  to  do  all  in  his  power  to  save 
them';  an  atonement.  .  .  .unlimited';  but 
'  limited  redemption.' 

"They  believed  that.  ..  .regeneration 
is  effected,  not  by  moral  suasion,  or  by 
the  efficiency  of  any  means  whatever, 
but  by  the  direct  agency  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  changing  the  moral  disposition 
and  imparting  a  new  sjiiritual  life  to  the 
soul." 

These  views  were  the  staple  of  his 
teaching,  and  were  those  which  he  felt 
called  upon  to  defend  in  public.  He  did 
maintain  them  ;  but  he  does  not  seem  to 
us  a  lover  of  controversy.  We  are  satis- 
fied that  he  never  took  up  his  pen  ex- 
cept from  a  conviction  that  the  doctrines 
of  the  gospel  were  in  danger,  and  not  to 
gratify,  nor  to  display  a  favorite  hobby.  It 
is  true  he  foreboded  danger  to  the  faith 
of  the  churches  ;  but  he  is  not  "  worthy 
of  death  "  for  that.  The  language  which 
the  Christian  Spectator  itself  used  in 
1830,  in  regard  to  the  earliest  stages  of 
the  Unitarian  defection,  can  be  quoted, 
(saving  one  word — "  political")  with  sin- 
gular force  : 

"  It  happened  at  that  time,  as  it  often 
does  when  a  few  keen-sighted  men  per- 
ceive dangerous  errors  to  be  covertly  in- 
troduced, and  raise  the  voice  of  remon- 
strance and  warning  ;  the  motives  of  those 
who  first  discovered  and  proclaimed  the 
danger  were  arraigned.  Some  of  the 
Orthodox,  who  had  for  several  years  per- 
ceived and  deplored  the  growing  mischief, 
were  accused  by  their  brethren  of  being 
too  suspicious,  and  of  acting  under  the 
influence  of  persons,  who,  for  political 
purposes,  wished  to  cast  the  reproach  of 
heterodoxy  on  a  portion  of  their  country- 
men."  That  the  motives  of  Dr.  Tyler  and 


I860.] 


Bennet  Tyler. 


361 


his  frietiils  were  pure,  we  suppose  to  be 
undeniable  ;  whether  their  anticipations 
have  been  realized,  is  an  open  question. 

It  may  be  wondered  why  the  views 
stated  above  should  necessitate  any  con- 
ti'oversj',  receiving  in  the  main,  as  they 
do,  the  assent  of  nearly  all  Orthodox  be- 
lievers. The  views  themselves  are  not 
extreme  ;  and  the  terms  are  capable  of 
varying  explanations.  Dr.  Tyler  himself 
did  not  embrace,  as  we  understand  him, 
Augustinianism  or  Calvinism  pure ;  but 
modified  by  the  explanations  of  President 
Edwards  and.,  his  school.  The  improve- 
ments against  which  he  contested,  were 
an  attempt  to  find  an  intermediate  posi- 
tion between  this  modified  Calvinism  and 
Pelagianism  and  Arminianism,  resulting 
only,  as  he  thought,  in  these  latter  forms 
of  error.  The  main  points  of  difference 
between  Dr.  Tjler's  views  and  those  he 
opposed,  seemed  to  be  briefly  these  : — 

In  reference  to  the  fall  of  Adam,  and 
its  efiect  upon  his  posterity,  the  improve- 
ments agree  "  that  Adam  was  placed  on 
trial  for  the  whole  human  race,  and  that, 
in  virtue  of  this  relation,  and  in  conse- 
quence of  his  sin,  his  descendants  begin 
to  exist  without  a  prevailing  disposition  to 
love  God,  and  prone  to  delight  in  them- 
selves and  the  world,  and  that  all,  as  soon 
as  they  become  moral  agents,  sin  and  fall 
under  God's  condemnation ; "  but  they 
denied  that  any  penal  infliction  came 
upon  the  race,  as  the  direct  consequence  of 
Adam's  sin  ;  they  denied  hereditary  cor- 
ruption, or  propagated  constitutional  pro- 
pensity to  sin,  or  inherited  depravity,  or 
the  existence  of  any  moral  character  by 
birth,  or  that  the  character  of  the  race 
was  absolutely  dependent  upon  the  result 
of  Adam's  probation.  Dr.  Tyler  held  to 
the  federal  headship  of  Adam ;  to  the 
covenant  of  works  ;  to  hereditary  corrup- 
tion of  nature ;  and  insisted  that  man 
has  a  native  bias  or  propensity  to  sin,  and 
that  every  child  of  Adam  is  born  de- 
praved. 

Sin  consists,  said  the  improvements,  only 
in  actual  choices,  meaning  thereby,  to  in- 


clude, however,  the  permanent  governing 
preference  of  the  vi'ill,  which  preference  is 
formed  in  the  first  moral  act ;  that  there 
can  be  no  moral  character,  but  in  moral 
acts  ;  and  that  there  is  no  inherent  moral 
state,  in  which  depravity  can  consist.  Dr, 
Tyler  ^held  that  there  is  a  depravity  of 
nature  from  which  all  actual  sin  proceeds. 

As  to  human  ability',  the  improvements 
held  the  will  to  be  a  power  able  to  con- 
trol its  own  states  ;  adequate,  at  all  times 
and  circumstances,  to  choose  in  either  di- 
rection ;  able  to  change  its  own  unwilling- 
ness and  disinclination.  Dr.  Tyler  held 
to  the  distinction,  elaborated  by  President 
Edwards,  between  natural  and  moral  abil- 
ity, of  which  the  former  denotes  the  posses- 
sion of  the/acu/^j'es  of  a  moral  agent,  the 
latter,  the  disposition  of  heart,  which  con- 
trols their  use  ;  but  moral  inability,  he 
held,  as  did  Edwards,  to  be  a  real  inability. 
Conviction  of  sin,  in  the  one  case,  was  only 
the  appropriate  feeling  in  view  of  actual 
transgressions ;  in  the  latter,  it  was  a 
sense  of  the  depravity  of  the  nature  pen- 
etrating far  beneath  the  acts  of  the  soul, 
and  a  consciousness  of  entire  want  of 
power  to  change  that  controlling  princi- 
ple of  evil. 

Regeneration,  in  the  former  case,  is  the 
influence  of  the  Holy  Spii-it,  ensuring 
right  moral  action.  Dr.  Tyler's  view  is 
that  it  is  the  work  of  God,  in  changing 
the  moral  affections,  a  change  of  those 
feelings  which  lie  at  the  root  of  moral  ac- 
tion, and,  as  such,  is  solely  the  act  of  God. 

The  improvements  held  that  the  idea  of 
right  Is  to  be  resolved  into  a  tendency  to 
the  hightest  happiness ;  Dr.  Tyler,  that 
the  sense  of  right  is  ultimate. 

Intimately  connected  with  these  was 
the  question  whether  God  could  prevent 
sin  in  a  moral  system.  Dr.  Tyler  insisted 
upon  the  affirmative,  a  position  which  his 
opponents  declared  incapable  of  proof. 

Space  will  not  allow  us,  even  if  it  were 
profitable,  to  follow  out  the  arguments  of 
either  side  upon  these  points.  It  is  only 
justice  to  Dr.  Tyler  to  say,  that,  although 
the  form   of   many   of   his   writings  was 


362 


Bennet  Tyler. 


[Oct. 


adapted  to  the  discussions  of  the  time,  yet 
divested  of  this,  they  have  a  richness  of 
practical  theology,  permeated  by  a  spirit 
of  practical  religion,  in  the  highest  degree 
profitable. 

It  is  not  a  little  interesting  to  know  that, 
in  1856,  Dr.  Tyler  was  himself  charged 
with  heresy,  "  especially  so  far  as  re- 
spects the  doctrines  of  human  ability, 
imputation,  and  the  atonement."  From 
this  charge,  he  was  almost  unanimously 
exonerated  upon  the  report  of  a  commit- 
tee. That  it  was  made  is  probably  owing 
to  the  fact  that  some  of  the  terms  which 
he  used  in  younger  days,  he  had  either 
adandoned,  or,  on  account  of  their  liabil- 
ity to  be  misunderstood,  used  with  great 
caution ;  together  with  the  fact  that  his 
moderate  old-school  views,  could  not  sat- 
isfy those  who  start  with  the  simple  Au- 
gustinian  doctrine  of  original  sin.  Not- 
withstanding such  incidental  opposition, 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  great  work 
of  his  life  had  wide  results.  He  himself 
thought  that,  by  the  institution  of  the 
Seminary,  a  decided  check  had  been  giv- 
en to  the  new  theories,  although,  as  the 
late  Professor  Porter,  of  Andover,  had 
said,  it  would  take  a  hundred  years 
for  the  churches  to  recover  from  the 
effects  of  these  speculations.  That  there 
is  a  reaction  from  the  new_views,  we  sup- 
pose is  evident ;  but  it  is  also  evident  that 
it  does  not  and  cannot  stop  with  the 
"  arbitrary  constitution  "  theory,  as  to  our 
oneness  with  Adam,  nor  with  any  impossi- 
ble or  fictitious  imputation.  It  must  go  back 
to  the  only  consistent  old-school  theory, 
that,  in  the  person  of  Adam,  not  the  man 
only,  but  the  race  existed,  sinned,  and 
fell ;  and  to  all  the  doctrines  logically 
inevitable  from  this  understanding  of  the 
Scriptures. 

Dr.  Tyler  resigned  his  professorship, 
July  16,  1827.     His  inci'easing  age  and 


bodily  infirmities  warned  him  of  the  ne- 
cessity of  this  step.  His  resignation  was 
reluctantly  accepted,  and  an  annuity  of 
S500  voted  him  for  life.  A  most  touching 
parting  address,  as  he  left  his  station,  de- 
serves to  be  perpetuated.  His  remaining 
days  were  passed  in  a  happy  and  tranquil 
retirement.  He  still  preached  a  portion 
of  the  time,  as  pastor  of  the  Seminary 
Church.  He  entered  heartily  into  the 
scenes  of  the  "  great  revival."  His  family 
surrounded  him  with  veneration  and  love. 
He  had  never  been  the  stern  man  many 
had  imagined  from  his  writings ;  as  is 
often  the  case,  the  firmest  defence  of  the 
truth  was  found  in  connection  with  a  most 
genial  nature ;  and,  in  his  old  age,  his 
sympathies  were  as  warm  as  ever.  But 
his  work  was  finished.  On  the  morning 
of  Friday,  May  14,  1858,  he  had  taken 
his  usual  exercise  in  the  garden  of  his 
daughter,  Mrs.  Greeley,  and  at  nine  o'clock 
entered  the  house,  saying,  "  I  have  fin- 
ished the  garden,  if  I  do  not  live  to  eat 
of  its  fruit."  He  was  immediately  seized 
with  a  neuralgic  affection  in  the  head 
and  lungs,  from  which  he  suffered  exceed- 
ingly. He  could  not  be  moved  home. 
His  wife,  children,  and  grandchildren, 
gathered  round  the  bed  of  the  dying  pa- 
triarch, and  received  his  parting  counsels. 
He  was  asked  if  it  was  a  pleasant  thought 
that  he  should  be  free  from  sin.  He  re- 
plied, "  It  is  the  pleasantest  thought  I 
have ; "  then  added,  with  characteristic 
self-distrust,  "  But  O,  if  I  should  be  de- 
ceived ! "  He  said  little  about  his  feel- 
ings :  "  I  am  a  great  sinner,  but  Christ  is 
a  great  Saviour."  "I  have  not  the  ravish- 
ing views  which  some  have  had,  but  I 
enjoy  perfect  peace."  "  The  heart  is 
very  deceitful,  but  I  trust  I  am  not 
deceived ;  I  have  no  fear."  At  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus. 


I860.] 


Rev.  Dr.  NeUon^s  Reminiscences. 


363 


REMINISCENCES 


BY    REV.    JOHN    NELSON,    D.D.,    LEICESTER,    MS. 


The  period  of  our  country's  history,  of 
the  Church's  history,  and  of  the  world's 
history,  over  which  my  memory  ranges, 
and  which  appears  to  me  as  a  dissolving 
panorama,  though  still  retaining  some 
distinct  features,  is  perhaps,  more  remark- 
able for  its  changes  and  rapid  develop- 
ments of  the  great  scheme  of  Providence, 
than  any  other  of  the  same  duration  since 
the  days  of  the  apostles. 

I  shall,  however,  confine  myself  to  such 
things  of  memory  as  relate  to  Christ's 
kingdom,  and  as  have  fallen  under  my  own 
personal  observation,  or  have  interested 
me  at  the  time  of  their  occurrence.  I 
should  be  soon  lost  if  I  looked  over  the 
whole  field,  and  I  must  be  excused  from 
attempting  anything  like  logical  order  or 
connection,  as  memories  will  come  as  they 
list,  and  refuse  to  be  governed  by  any 
fixed  laws.  And  I  must  be  excused, 
moreover,  for  speaking  much  in  the  first 
person,  as  I  know  not  how  otherwise  to 
accomplish  what  I  have  undertaken. 

Although  it  is  not  an  autobiography 
which  I  propose  to  inflict  on  the  reader, 
I  will  begin  by  saying  that  I  was  by 
birth  a  Hopkintonian,  for  I  was  born  in 
Hopkinton.  And  more  than  this,  my 
early  minister  was  that  good  though 
eccentric  Hopkintonian  minister,  the  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Howe.  Besides,  while  my 
excellent  father  was  of  the  same  school, 
and  gave  home  Instruction  in  accordance 
with  it ;  and  while  my  young  ears  were 
accustomed  to  the  statements  and  argu- 
ments by  which  its  doctrines  were  defend- 
ed, I  lived  within  the  limits  of  the  old 
Mendon  Association,  and  had  constantly 
showering  upon  me  the  greater  light  of 
Franklin,  first  kindled  in  Newport,  and 
the  lesser  lights  which  beamed  from  other 
places.  And  although  I  removed  to 
Worcester  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  I 
VOL.  II.  39 


then  sat  under  the  earnest  and  faithful 
ministry  of  Dr.  Austin,  who  was  then  one 
of  the  straitest  sect  of  the  same  school. — 
I  was  thus  educaV,ed,  and  thus  believed, 
knowing,  however,  that  the  ministers  of 
Connecticut,  and  the  more  western  parts 
of  the  State,  and  other  sections  of  the 
country,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
Arminians,  were  denominated  Calvinists, 
in  distinction  from  the  Plopkinsians ;  but 
I  regarded  them  as  conservatives,  who  yet 
needed  the  light  of  the  new  school  in 
order  to  perfect  their  theology.  During 
my  college  life  in  Berkshire  County,  I 
became  acquainted  with  an  able  body  of 
the  Calvinists,  to  which  I  have  referred. 
I  heard  the  preaching  of  such  men  as  Drs. 
Fitch,  Hyde,  and  Shepherd,  and  more 
constantly  that  of  Rev.  Mr.  Swift,  of 
Williamstown.  Finding  that  this  class  of 
ministers  with  less  intermixture  of  meta- 
physics, no  less  faithfully  declared  the 
great  and  essential  truths  of  the  gospel 
than  those  I  had  been  accustomed  to  hear, 
and  that  their  ministrations  were  greatly 
blessed,  I  began  to  attach  less  importance 
than  I  had  done  to  the  peculiarities  of  the 
system  In  which  I  had  been  reared.  I 
began  to  think  that  those  of  the  ultra 
Hopkinsian  school,  like  those  of  other 
ultra  schools,  were,  according  to  the 
homely  comparison  of  Father  Chaplain, 
of  North  Sutton,  "like  picked-toed  shoes, 
which  went  out  farther  than  was  of  any 
use."  And  I  will  add,  that  as  I  began 
then  to  think,  so  1  have  continued  to  think 
since. 

The  disputations  of  those  earlier  times, 
and  there  were  many  such,  as  theological 
discussions  were  much  more  common  then 
than  in  this  age  of  general  excitement 
and  activity,  turned  to  some  extent  on 
the  differences  between  Hopkinsians  and 
Calvinists  of  the  Edwards    stamp,   but 


364 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelson^s  Reminiscences. 


[Oct. 


mainly  on  the  differences  between  both 
these  denominations  and  those  who  were 
called  Arminians,  a  class  of  religionists, 
■who,  at  the  present  day,  are  mostly  Uni- 
tarians. Total  depravity,  predestination, 
the  saints'  perseverance,  justification  by 
faith  only,  and  regeneration  by  the  special 
and  resistless  agency  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
were  the  topics  which  especially  called 
out  and  sharpened  the  weapons  of  contro- 
versy. 

In  consequence  of  these  differences  in 
doctrinal  views,  the  question  concerning 
what  were  called  "  unregenerate  doings," 
was  often  agitated.  To  show  the  nature 
and  bearing  of  this,  I  will  mention  an 
occurrence  at  the  time  of  my  ordination. 
Near  the  close  of  the  examination,  a  del- 
egate on  the  council  rose  and  said  there 
was  one  question  more,  so  vitally  impor- 
tant, that  he  must  propose  it  to  the 
candidate.  "  Do  you  believe,  Mr. Nelson, 
in  unregenerate  doings  ?"  I  chose  not  to 
understand  him  without  his  being  a  little 
more  explicit.  He  then  asked,  "  do  you 
believe  it  is  the  duty  of  an  unregenerate 
person  to  pray  ? "  I  answered  that  I 
certainly  did.  He  then  said  I  cannot 
vote  for  your  ordination.  Some  of  the 
ministers  immediately  took  up  the  subject 
and  had  a  long  discussion,  leaving  the 
candidate  to  his  repose.  I  may  add,  that 
I  obtained  my  ordination  notwithstanding 
the  heresy  contained  in  my  answer  to  the 
question  referred  to. 

I  remember  too,  that  at  this  period, 
though  perhaps  more  a  little  previous  to 
it,  there  was  much  interest  and  discussion 
on  the  subject  of  the  prophecies.  Learned 
treatises  by  Faber,  Vining,  Smith  and 
others ;  yes,  and  an  elaborate  sermon  by 
Dr.  Dwight — were  extensively  read ;  and 
not  a  few  among  the  laymen,  as  well  as 
ministers,  felt  as  much  confidence  in 
predicting  the  time  of  the  Millennium,  as 
the  followers  of  Miller  did,  in  predicting 
the  time  when  the  world  should  come  to 
an  end.  But  time  soon  showed  that  cal- 
culations based  on  prophetic  emblems, 
and  days  and  other  data,  which   were  put 


forward  with  much  confidence,  were 
utterly  fallacious.  The  first  Bonaparte 
terminated  his  career,  and  the  battle  of 
Armageddon  was  not  fought.  The  wit- 
nesses testified,  but  the  Millennium  even 
to  this  day  has  not  quite  fully  come.  In 
the  meantime  the  race  of  prophetic  inter- 
preters has  nearly  ceased. 

It  was  not  until  after  I  came  into  the 
ministry,  that  any  clergyman  or  layman, 
unless  I  except  Dr.  Freeman,  of  the  Old 
Stone  Chapel  in  Boston,  ventured  publicly 
to  call  in  question  the  divinity  of  Christ, 
and  rarely  did  I  hear  any  conversation  or 
preaching  on  that  subject  which  has  since 
so  agitated  the  public.  And  here,  though 
it  brings  me  to  a  later  period  than  the  one 
from  which  I  intended  mainly  to  gather 
up  my  recollections,  I  may  as  well  finish 
what  I  have  to  say  of  remembered  relig- 
ious controversies. 

Silent  as  had  been  the  pulpit  and  the 
press  concerning  the  Unitarian  faith,  no 
sooner  was  the  fact  made  known  by  the 
somewhat  surreptitious  publication  of  Dr. 
Morse,  that  there  were  many  of  this  faith 
under  disguise  in  Boston  and  elsewhere, 
though  mainly  there  and  in  the  vicinity, 
than  there  was  a  rallying  around  it  and  a 
defiant  attitude  assumed  by  its  advocates. 
A  controversy  began  in  the  pulpit,  from 
the  press  and  at  the  fireside,  which  soon 
became  sharp  and  bitter,  and  which  was 
long  continued.  As  it  swept  on  it  left 
many  decided  traces  behind  it — as  the 
breaking  up  of  ministerial  fellowships, 
and  the  sundering  of  churches  and  con- 
gregations which  had  before  acted  together 
in  harmony. 

I  myself  had  my  full  share  in  the  con- 
flict and  received  many  a  wound,  although 
I  bless  God  my  faith  was  not  shaken,  nor 
was  I  displaced  from  my  position.  But 
hard  it  was  to  feel  the  disruption  of  long 
cherished  social  ties  which  the  warfare 
occasioned,  and  to  draw  new  lines  of 
ministerial  and  church  fellowship,  leaving 
many  on  the  outer  side  for  whom  the  heart 
yearned.  But  I  will  add,  many  as  were 
the  evils  of  this  long  and  bitter  contro- 


I860.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelson's  Reinimscences. 


365 


versy,  I  now  see  that  it  tended  to  much 
good,  especially  by  leading  to  a  great 
increase  of  knowledge  in  the  interpreta- 
tion of  the  scriptures,  and  in  so  establish- 
ing the  exegesis  of  the  texts  which  prove 
our  Lord's  divinity,  that  its  opponents  are 
driven  to  the  necessity  of  abating  the 
force  of  these  texts  by  discarding  the  other 
doctrine  of  their  inspiration,  thus  opening 
a  new  and  momentous  question  for  the 
present  generation  to  discuss  and  settle. 

But  to  carry  my  reminiscences  a  little 
back  again  ;  the  controversies  which  for 
a  period  were  considerably  animated 
between  the  Ilopkinsians  and  Calvinists, 
so  called,  mainly  received  their  quietus 
after  the  important  compromise  by  Dr. 
Spring,  of  Newburyport,  and  others,  was 
made,  which  led  happily  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Andover  Institution. 

The  coming  into  existence  of  that,  and 
soon  after,  of  other  theological  schools, 
remind  me  of  the  great  and  important 
change  which  by  them  was  introduced  in 
respect  to  the  course  of  study  and  training 
for  the  ministry.  Previously,  young  men 
who  had  the  ministry  in  view,  went  to  the 
house  of  some  distinguished  minister,  as 
that  of  Dr.  Backus,  of  Somers,  Dr. 
Emmons,  or  Dr.  Burton,  according  to  the 
affinities  which  they  had  with  the  peculiar 
theologies  wjiich  these  divines  represented. 
Questions,  from  twenty  to  fifty  in  number, 
were  put  into  the  hands  of  the  student, 
which  referred  to  the  leading  subjects  of 
natural  and  revealed  religion — the  former 
holding  a  much  more  prominent  place 
than  they  do  now.  Annexed  to  these 
questions  were  references  to  such  stand- 
ard writers  as  the  teacher  had  in  his 
library,  which  the  student  might  read  and 
then  write  his  essay  or  dissertation  on  the 
same.  It  was  expected,  and  in  general  it 
turned  out,  that  his  conclusions  were  in 
accordance  with  what  was  deemed  the 
true  standard  of  faith  in  the  school  which 
he  entered.  After  some  six  or  eight 
months  of  preparation  in  this  way,  he  was 
licensed  and  commenced  preaching.  If 
he    pursued    his    theological    studies   at 


Franklin,  I  remember  his  first  sermons 
generally  showed  that  fact ;  if  at  Thet- 
ford  or  Shelburne,  we  had  statements  and 
illustrations  of  the  taste  scheme.  But  this, 
with  the  great  body  of  able  and  devoted 
ministers,  thus  educated,  did  not  last. — 
Indeed,  afler  much  reflection  and  observa- 
tion on  the  subject,  it  has  seemed  to  me, 
that,  short  and  defective  as  this  mode  of 
theological  training  was,  it  was  not  alto- 
gether so  inferior  in  its  results  as  a  com- 
parison of  its  advantages  with  those  which 
are  now  enjoyed,  might  lead  us  to  expect. 
Highly  as  I  prize,  and  strongly  as  I  advo- 
cate theological  seminaries,  on  the  whole, 
I  have  thought  there  was  some  danger  of 
their  being  too  scholastic  in  their  influence 
for  qualifying  young  men  for  the  actual 
world  which  they  are  about  to  enter,  and 
especially  of  their  being  pervaded  more 
or  less  by  some  German,  or  other  philos- 
ophy, that  may  mingle  its  corrupting 
waters  with  the  pure  streams  of  Bible 
truth.  At  any  rate,  I  have  thought  that 
if  there  could  be  an  education  partly  of 
the  old  and  more  practical  mode,  and 
partly  at  the  seminary,  some  young  men, 
at  least,  would  be  better  fitted  for  their 
future  work,  than  they  can  be  by  other 
methods  alone. 

Among  the  many  other  things  which 
memory  recalls,  is  the  earlier  mode  of 
imparting  religious  instruction  to  children. 
This  was  done  mainly  by  means  of  the 
Assembly's  Catechism.  Every  Sabbath 
evening  the  children  were  called  upon  by 
the  father  or  the  mother  to  repeat  first  the 
answers  to  the  questions  that  had  been 
given  them  to  commit,  and  then  to  go  back 
to  the  beginning  In  order  to  refresh  their 
memories  with  what  had  previously  been 
committed.  This,  it  must  be  confessed, 
was  all  regarded  as  a  task,  especially  as 
there  was  little  or  no  understanding  of  the 
words  uttered.  The  catechising,  too,  was 
often  attended  to  at  the  close  of  the  com- 
mon school  on  Saturday.  And  then 
again  by  the  minister,  once  or  more  during 
the  year,  as  he  made  his  circuit  among 
the   school   districts.     This   was  a  New 


366 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelsoiis  Reminiscences. 


[Oct. 


England  institution,  and  no  doubt  has 
tended  largely  to  its  purity  of  faith  and  of 
morals. 

Sabbath  Schools,  which  have  now  so 
largely  taken  the  place  of  this  course  of 
catechetical  and  family  instruction,  were 
first  known  in  this  country,  some  years 
after  my  settlement  in  the  ministry.  We 
heard  of  Robert  Raikes,  the  inventor  of 
schools  on  the  Sabbath  for  teaching  the 
poor  how  to  read.  At  first,  I  believe  they 
did  not  take  in  the  idea  of  imparting 
religious  instruction.  But  as  their  advan- 
tages for  this  were  soon  seen,  such  instruc- 
tions were  introduced.  But  still,  in  this 
country  as  well  as  in  England,  these 
schools  were  thought  to  be  intended  for 
the  poorer  and  more  ignorant  classes. — 
"With  this  idea  the  first  Sabbath  School 
was  opened  in  Worcester.  But  it  soon 
occurred  to  the  venerable  Abijah  Bigelow, 
lately  deceased,  that  in  a  country  like 
ours,  the  institution  could  not  flourish 
unless  the  rich  would  participate  in  it,  as 
well  as  the  poor.  He  therefore  sent  his 
large  family  of  daughters  to  the  school, 
and  by  this  example  brought  it  into  repute. 

When  these  schools  were  introduced, 
there  was  no  thought  of  connecting  them, 
as  they  are  now  connected,  with  the  ser- 
vices of  the  Sanctuary. 

The  Schools  were  kept,  not  only  in  some 
hall  or  common  school-room  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  parish  or  town,  but  were  divided 
into  branches  in  the  several  districts,  and 
generally  commenced  at  some  four  or  five 
o'clock,  in  the  afternoon.  It  was  certainly 
a  great  improvement  in  lightening  the 
burden  of  the  teachers,  in  introducing 
order  and  system,  and  in  relieving  the 
children  from  the  dangers  of  going  abroad, 
often  in  companies,  on  the  Sabbath  after- 
noon, when  all  were  brought  into  the 
house  of  (Jod,  under  the  eye  and  super- 
vision of  the  parents. 

The  Sabbath  School  libraries  and  the 
children's  papers,  which  are  now  a  part 
of  the  system,  are  among  the  causes  of  a 
great  change  in  the  reading  matter  for  the 
young.     In    my    boyhood   I    could    find 


nothing  for  the  occupancy  of  the  leisure 
hours  of  the  Sabbath,  but  the  New  Eng- 
land Primer,  which,  in  its  form,  its 
binding,  and  its  uncouth  pictures,  is  still 
distinctly  before  me  ;  and  except  also,  the 
Bible.  I  was  driven  to  this  by  the  want 
of  those  exciting  stories  which  now  so 
much  keep  children  from  it.  The  inimi- 
table story  of  Joseph,  and  other  thrilling 
narratives  of  the  Old  Testament  and  the 
New,  I  re-read  almost  every  Sabbath. — 
And  I  read  them,  I  must  think,  with  more 
interest,  more  enjoyment,  and  more  vivid 
impression,  than  any  children  now  do 
who  pass  over  the  same  only  in  the  Sabbath 
School,  with  minds  mainly  intent  on 
getting  through  with  the  recitation,  and 
constantly  divided,  not  to  say  distracted, 
by  statements,  explanations,  and  questions. 
At  any  rate,  it  seems  to  me  most  desirable 
that  they  should  at  some  time,  read  these 
narratives  continuously  and  freely,  so  as 
to  feel  their  full  interest  and  power. 

The  remembrance  of  the  reading  pro- 
vided for  the  children  in  those  earlier 
times  to  which  I  refer,  recalls  to  mind 
also,  the  common  reading,  not  of  the 
learned,  who  had  access  to  choice  libraries, 
but  of  the  masses  of  the  people.  This  con- 
sisted in  some  histories,  some  works  of 
fiction,  some  works  of  taste,  as  Addison's 
Spectator,  some  works  of  a  philosophical 
and  moral  cast,  as  Watts  on  the  Mind, 
and  "  Burgh's  Dignity  of  Human  Nature," 
but  mainly,  I  mean  in  the  religious  com- 
munity, of  Edwards,  Baxter,  Flavel,  and 
Bunyan,  together  with  volumes  of  ser- 
mons. I  ought  also  to  mention  that  when 
I  was  quite  young,  the  country,  even  in 
Its  most  religious  portions,  was  flooded 
with  infidel  writings,  such  as  Thomas 
Paine's  Age  of  Reason.  These  for  a  time, 
were  seized  upon  and  read  with  great 
eagerness  by  young  men  and  those  who 
were  not  young;  and  they  seemed  to  per- 
vade and  poison  almost  the  universal 
mind.  The  few  Christians  who  main- 
tained their  faith,  hung  down  their  heads 
in  despondency;  and  there  was  an  exul- 
tant expectation   that  the    old    fashioned 


1860.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelson^ s  Reminiscences. 


367 


dark  and  gloomy  religion  would  soon  give 
place  to  an  age  of  philosophical  light  and 
freedom.  Dr.  Dwight  says,  when  he  took 
charge  of  Yale  College,  almost  the  Avhole 
of  the  senior  class  were  avowed  infidels. 
And  I  can  well  remember  when  nothing 
was  more  common  than  the  discarding  and 
trampling  upon  the  scriptures.  But  after 
a  brief  "  suspension  of  faith,"  the  pulpit 
began  effectually  to  speak  out  in  defence 
of  the  Christian  revelation,  and  many 
timely  •publications,  like  Watson's  Tracts, 
were  brought  into  the  country  from  abroad, 
and  many  were  written  at  home,  like 
"  Revealed  Religion,"  by  the  Mendon 
Association,  which  were  read,  and  by  the 
marvellous  interposition  and  blessing  of 
God,  proved  to  be  an  antidote  for  the 
existing  evil.  As  an  example  of  the  signal 
effect  produced  by  a  faithful  advocacy  of 
the  truth  on  this  important  subject,  I  will 
mention  what  occurred  in  Somers,  Con- 
necticut. The  excellent  and  well  known 
minister  in  that  place.  Dr.  Backus,  was 
overwhelmed  when  he  saw  that  there  was 
not  only  nothing  that  promised  a  revival 
of  religion  among  his  people,  but  that 
they  had  become  so  imbued  with  infi- 
delity that  the  question  was  whether 
Christianity  should  be  given  up  or  a  farther 
struggle  be  made  to  maintain  it.  Under 
these  circumstances  he  resolved  to  make 
one  effort  more  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Bible,  not  expecting  that  it  would  be  the 
means  of  any  one's  conversion.  The  first 
sermon  which  he  preached,  of  the  series 
that  he  proposed,  and  that  he  did  preach 
and  publish,  was  on  the  necessity  of  rev- 
elation, arising  from  the  dark,  ignorant, 
and  degraded  state  of  those  who  were 
without  it.  And  this,  by  the  interpos- 
ing influence  of  the  Spirit,  marvelously 
touched  the  hearts  of  the  people,  and  was 
the  beginning  of  a  glorious  revival  of 
religion, — and  one  that  caused  infidelity 
to  hide  itself  in  shame. 

But  at  that  period,  and  for  some  time 
after,    there  were   almost    no   periodical 
religious  publications.     The  first  I  remem- 
ber as  circulating  among  the  people,  was 
VOL.  II.  39* 


The  Connecticut  Evangelical  Magazine; 
soon  after,  The  PanopUst  appeared,  and 
then  a  new  era  commenced.  Then 
appeared  a  new  religious  paper,  The 
Boston  Recorder,  and  soon  after,  The 
Netv  York  Observer.  How  soon,  how 
rapidly,  and  how  extensively  publications 
of  this  kind  have  been  multiplied,  and 
spread  over,  not  only  the  minister's  study, 
but  the  whole  land,  so  as  to  produce  a 
surfeit,  I  need  not  say.  These  publica- 
tions, particularly  on  the  part  of  our  great 
charitable  societies,  are  carried  to  such 
excess  that  it  seems  to  me  the  Christian 
public  ought  to  insist  on  an  abatement. 
With  a  proper  arrangement,  all  that  is 
specially  important  for  most  of  them  to 
publish,  might  be  condensed  into  a  single 
weekly  paper,  not  so  large  as  The  New 
York  Tribune.  The  matter  of  real  interest 
would  thus,  at  once,  and  in  the  most  con- 
venient form,  be  brought  before  the  reader. 
The  expense  would  be  trifling,  and  those 
especially,  who  have  kindly  and  respect- 
fully been  made  life  members  of  these 
societies,  would  save  a  great  amount  of 
postage,  as  well  as  store  room  for  pam- 
phlets ;  and  what  is  more  important,  many 
thousands  of  dollars  would  be  saved  from 
the  great  expenditures  of  our  religious 
charities. 

I  ought  to  say  in  this  connection,  that 
in  my  earlier  days,  hardly  any  such  thing 
was  known  as  a  religious  tract,  either  in 
this  country  or  in  Europe.  Mrs.  Hannah 
More,  I  belicA-e,  is  entitled  to  the  credit 
of  first  benefiting  the  public  by  this  kind 
of  literature.  The  discovery,  or  if  not  the 
discovery,  the  practical  use  which  she 
made  of  it  was  suggestive,  and  introduced 
an  important  era.  For  the  distribution  of 
tracts,  accompanied  by  a  simultaneous 
distribution  of  Bibles,  which  soon  followed, 
has  been,  and  is,  among  the  most  important 
instrumentalities  for  enlightening  and 
blessing  mankind. 

Of  the  commencement,  the  multiplica- 
tion, and  wide  expansion  of  an  almost 
endless  variety  of  voluntary  associations 
for  religious  and  charitable  purposes,  that 


368 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelson's  Reminiscences. 


[Oct. 


have  so  signally  marked  the  period  whic-h 
comes  within  the  time  of  my  recollection, 
I  need  not  say  much,  as  many  of  them  are 
so  recent,  and  the  history  of  all  so  well 
known. 

The  Connecticut  Evangelical,  and  the 
Massachusetts  Missionary  Societies,  were 
the  only  ones  of  the  class,  which  I  had  a 
knowledge  of  when  young.  These  acted 
efficiently  in  sending  the  gospel  to  our 
new  and  destitute  settlements,  particularly 
to  the  then  remote  regions  of  Central  and 
and  Western  New  York. 

The  movements  of  Gary,  Marshman  and 
others  in  England,  for  carrying  the  gospel 
to  India,  and  the  publication  of  a  remark- 
able sermon  by  Dr.  Buchanan,  on  the 
subject  of  missions,  called  "  The  Star  in 
the  East,"  to  speak  of  no  other  exciting 
cause  ;  began  to  suggest  the  idea  in  many 
Christian  minds,  of  there  being  an  obliga- 
tion resting  upon  the  Church  to  attempt 
something  for  the  conversion  of  the 
heathen. 

With  the  young  men  of  Williams  Col- 
lege, who  may,  perhaps,  be  considered  as 
pioneers  in  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions 
in  this  country,  I  was  acquainted,  although 
they  were  a  year  or  two  after  me  in  the 
college  course.  There  were  Hall,  Mills, 
Richards,  Rice,  and  I  may  add  Chancey 
Robbins,  who  died  young.  Their  main 
actions  —  their  prayers  at  the  hay-stack, 
and  their  more  matured  measures  for 
engaging  personally  in  the  work  of 
Missions,  took  place  after  I  graduated. 

The  origin  of  the  American  Board  is 
well  known.  Of  nothing  have  I  a  more 
distinct  recollection,  than  the  impression  I 
received  at  the  second  meeting  of  that 
Board  in  Worcester ;  especially,  of  the 
appearance  of  those  truly  great  and  ven- 
erable men,  in  the  Old  South  Church, 
when  they  assembled  with  some  hundred, 
or  hundred  and  fifty  other  persons,  to 
attend  the  only  public  service  of  the  oc- 
casion. 

I  remember,  moreover,  how  dark  the 
prospect  then  was  for  collecting  funds, 
and  how  meager  were  the  contributions, 


and  what  objections  were  urged  against 
the  whole  enterprise — how  It  was  ridiculed 
and  slandered,  being  represented  as  a 
scheme  for  personal  aggrandisement.  But 
it  had  taken  hold  of  the  heart  of  the 
Church,  and  under  God  went  on  prosper- 
ously, as  we  all  well  know.  I  will  add, 
too,  I  have  ever  thought  that  it  was  the 
warming  and  expanding  both  of  the  minds 
and  hearts  of  Christians,  by  means  of  this 
noble  enterprise, — that  it  was  their  quick- 
ening to  faith,  and  zeal,  and  holy  activity, 
that  caused  so  many  religious  societies  — 
so  many  new  plans  to  evangelize  the 
country  and  the  world,  to  spring  up  and 
follow  in  its  wake.  This  I  regard  as  the 
mighty  parent  tree,  planted  by  the  prayer 
of  faith,  and  watered  by  the  heavenly  dew 
of  which  the  others  are  the  offshoots.  But 
I  must  hasten  to  say  that  my  memory  goes 
back  to  a  period  when  weekly  prayer- 
meetings  were  little  known,  if  known  at 
all,  in  our  country.  The  first  meetings  of 
the  kind  that  I  recollect,  were  held  by  Dr. 
Austin,  in  certain  private  houses.  These 
were  thought  innovations  of  doubtful 
expediency ;  and  one  who  was  known  to 
attend  them  fell  under  reproach.  The 
only  week-day  meetings  which  had  been 
held,  were  the  meetings  of  the  children 
for  catechising,  and  the  preparatory  lec- 
ture, when  some  two  or  three  of  the 
neighboring  ministers  assembled  together 
for  a  social  visit,  as  well  as  for  conducting 
the  public  service.  Laymen  had  little  to 
do  except  to  attend  upon  the  prayers  and 
instructions  of  the  ministry.  The  partic- 
ular brethren  of  the  Old  South  Church 
in  Boston,  who  established  the  Park  St. 
Church,  had  their  meetings  for  religious 
improvement,  but  did  not  deem  it  proper 
that  any  of  them  should  pray,  even  before 
such  a  circle,  and  therefore  they  sent  for 
Dr.  Eckley  to  perform  that  service,  or 
omitted  prayer  altogether.  How  it  is  now, 
I  need  not  say,  for  we  well  know  the 
mighty  power  of  the  lay  agency,  not  only 
in  the  Sabbath  School,  but  in  the  prayer- 
meeting,  the  conference,  the  convention, 
and   all  public    gatherings  for   religious 


I860.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Nelson's  Reminiscences. 


369 


purposes.  It  is,  I  must  think,  among  the 
most  cheering  signs  of  the  times  that  all 
of  the  working  power  of  the  Church  is 
being  called  forth.  If  there  be  danger  that 
some  of  the  not  most  gifted  of  the  brethren 
will  make  themselves  too  conspicuous, 
there  is  greater  danger  that  others,  quali- 
fied for  active  labors,  will  fail  of  putting 
their  hands  to  the  work. 

I  will  not  farther  tax  my  own  recollec- 
tion, nor  the  patience  of  my  readers, 
except  to  say  a  few  words  concerning 
ministerial  associations  in  the  County  of 
Worcester.  These,  here  and  elsewhere, 
have  been  of  no  inconsiderable  importance 
in  our  denomination,  as  they  have  tended 
to  the  improvement  of  the  brotherhood 
intellectually,  socially  and  spiritually,  and 
as  they  have  discharged  an  important 
office  in  examining  and  licensing  candi- 
dates for  the  ministry. 

According  to  my  recollections  in  earlier 
times,  there  existed  in  the  south-east  part 
of  the  County,  the  Mendon  Association, 
which  extended  also  into  Norfolk  ;  on  the 
south-west,  the  Brookfield  ;  in  the  north- 
west, the  Westminster ;  and  through  the 
center,  the  Worcester  Association — the 
latter  containing  several  ministers,  who 
were  regarded  as  Arminians,  and  some  of 
whom  became  Unitarians.  A  new  asso- 
ciation was  formed  by  the  more  decidedly 
Orthodox  ministers,  called  the  Worcester 
North.  This  began  in  Oxford,  took  in 
Millbury  and  Auburn,  the  Old  South  in 
Worcester,  Ilubbardston,  Princeton,  and 
Winchendon.  Among  the  complaints 
urged  against  Mr.  Kendall,  of  Hubbards- 
ton,  before  the  council  called  for  his 
dismission,  was  the  fact  that  he  belonged 
to  the  "  Long  and  Narroio  Association." 
This  body  dwindled  away  till  none  were 
left,  except  Mr.  Goffe,  of  Millbury,  who 
claimed  for  reasons  which  he  thought 
sufficient,  to  be  the  association  who 
elected  himself — unanimously  it  is  pre- 
sumed—  as  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Association;  appointed  himself  as /ireac/icr 
before  that  body,  and  actually  performed 
that  service. 


I  myself,  for  ten  years,  was  connected 
with  the  Brookfield  Association,  to  which 
my  predecessor  had  belonged.  And  I 
remember  with  great  pleasure  the  pleas- 
antness of  that  connection,  and  I  love  to 
recall  images  of  many  of  the  brethren, — 
as  of  the  amiable  AVard ;  the  acute  and 
witty  Pope ;  the  devout  and  strong-minded 
Tompkinson;  the  shrewd,  far-seeing,  and 
companionable  Fiske;  the  more  reserved, 
but  kind,  humorous,  and  able  Snell ;  the 
classical,  poetical,  and  accomplished  Stone ; 
the  cheerful,  and  captivating  Whipple,  to 
speak  of  no  others  that  I  honored  and 
loved.  But  I  felt  it  my  duty  to  unite 
with  the  brethren  in  the  center  of  the 
County,  whose  location  jjrevented  their 
conveniently  imiting  with  any  of  the 
existing  associations,  with  which  they 
could  sympathize.  I  well  remember  the 
origin  of  this  body,  with  which  I  have 
been  so  long,  so  cordially,  and  so  happily, 
united.  I  remember  how  punctual  was 
the  attendance  of  members,  and  the  per- 
formance of  the  parts  assigned  in  its  earlier 
days.  I  remember  the  readings,  the  dis- 
cussions, the  criticisms,  and  the  happy 
harmony.  1  remember,  and  shall  remem- 
ber while  life  lasts,  the  dear  brethren, — 
the  many  who  have  gone  to  the  grave,  as 
well  as  those  who  remain,  hoping  for  a 
more  entire  and  lasting  union  with  all  in 
a  better  world. 

This  review,  brief  and  imperfect  as  it  is, 
awakens  thoughts,  reflections,  and  feelings, 
in  my  own  mind,  of  intense  interest,  and 
especially  so,  as,  although  sensible  that  I 
myself  am  about  to  pass  off  the  great 
stage,  I  cannot  but  look  forward  and  ask, 
to  what  is  all  tending  ?  or  what  is  coming 
as  the  result  of  the  excited  and  onward 
moving  state  of  things,  that  has  been  pass- 
ing before  me,  and  in  which  I  have  been 
taking  some  little  part. 

I  confess,  I  have  dark  moods,  in  which 
the  yet  seeming  giant  strength,  and 
vitality  and  power  of  the  world's  old  evils, 
and  of  the  new  flood  of  infidelity,  and 
oppression,  and  crime,  constantly  coming 
on,  cause   me    almost  to  think   that   the 


370 


Luther  Fraseur  Dimmick. 


[Oct. 


darkest  pages  of  our  history  are  yet  to  be 
written. 

But  then  again,  when  faith  gets  into  the 
ascendant,  and  the  promises  of  Him  who 
is  over  all,  shed  their  light  upon  me,  I  am 
able  to  look  upon  the  overturnings,  and 
overturnings,    and    overturnings,    which 


characterize  the  age,  as  the  prelude  of  the 
coming  of  Him  whose  right  it  is  to  reign, 
and  I  feel  greatly  cheered  by  the  glorious 
thought  that  God  lives,  that  God  reigns, 
and  that  he  will  take  undoubted  care  of 
his  own  blessed  kingdom. 


MEMORIAL    OF 
REV.    LUTHER   FRASEUR   DIMMICK,    D.D, 

BT    REV.    LEONAHD    WITHINGTON,   D.D.,    OF    NEWBURYPORT,  MS. 


We  read  in  the  Gospel  that  when  Mary 
"  took  the  ointment  of  spikenard  and  pour- 
ed it  upon  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  wiped 
his  feet  with  her  hair,  the  house  was  filled 
with  the  odor  of  the  ointment."  It  was  not 
probably  until  the  box  was  broken  that  the 
fragrance  was  fully  perceived.  It  is  so 
with  the  Christian  ;  his  death  closes  his 
activity,  but  completes  his  example  ;  and 
he  resembles  his  own  monument,  which  is 
never  set  up  for  the  observer's  contempla- 
tion until  the  inscription  is  finished. 

In  the  life  and  death  of  the  late  Lu- 
ther Fraseur  Dimmick,  D.  D.,  who 
died  at  Newbury  port.  May  IC,  1860,  we 
have  materials  for  reflection  and  improve- 
ment. The  facts  are  interesting,  and  we 
present  them  without  panegyric. 

Rev.  Luther  Fraseur  Dimmick  was 
born  in  Shaftsbury,  Vermont,  November 
15,  1790.  In  his  youth  he  removed,  with 
his  father's  family,  to  the  State  of  New 
York.  He  united  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  September,  1812.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Hamilton  College  in  181 G,  and  im- 
mediately commenced  his  theological  edu- 
cation at  Andover,  where  he  graduated  in 
1819,  and  delivered  the  valedictory  ad- 
dress. He  was  licensed  to  preach  the 
Gospel,  by  the  Essex  Middle  Association, 
July  19,  1819,  and  the  same  evening 
preached  his  first  sermon  in  the  North 
Congregational  Church,  Newburyport. — 
From  this  Church  and  parish  he  received 
a  unanimous  call  on  the  10th  of  Novem- 
ber, and  was  ordained  as  their  Pastor,  the 


8th  of  December,  1819.  He  had  pre- 
viously offered  himself  to  the  American 
Board,  as  a  foreign  missionary,  but  was  in- 
duced to  change  his  purpose  by  a  press- 
ing call  to  fill  an  important  station.  His 
first  and  last  sermons  were  preached  to 
the  same  people. 

On  Sabbath  morning.  May  13,  soon 
after  naming  his  text,  he  was  taken  sud- 
denly ill,  was  assisted  to  retire  from  his 
pulpit,  and  conveyed  to  his  residence.  Plis 
illness  was  a  disease  of  the  heart ;  and  after 
a  fluctuating  state,  between  hope  and  fear, 
he  passed  away,  on  Wednesday,  the  16th, 
at  the  age  of  69  years. 

He  received  his  diploma  as  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  his  Alma  Mater — Hamilton 
College— in  1849. 

Dr.  Dimmick  was  twice  married  ;  first 
to  Miss  Catherine  M.  Marvin,  of  Norwich, 
Ct.,  May  4,  1820  ;  and  the  second  time  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Ellison,  of  Boston,  March 
13,  1849.  It  is  superfluous  to  remark, 
that  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  as  husband, 
father,  brother,  or  friend,  he  exemplified 
his  own  instruction. 

The  first  thing  that  strikes  us  in  re- 
view of  this  brief  statement,  is  his  long 
pastorate.  Dr.  Dimmick  was  ordained 
December  8,  1819,  and  died  May  16, 
1860,  so  that  he  was  pastor  of  the  North 
Church  in  Newburyport  for  nearly  forty- 
one  years.  It  was  his  lot  to  succeed  in 
the  ministry  a  very  energetic  and  pecu- 
liar man,  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  Spring, 
whose  ministry  lasted  a  little  longer  than 


I860.] 


Luther  Frasenr  DimmicJc. 


371 


bis  own — forty-two  years.  We  recollect 
that  at  the  time  of  his  ordination,  it  was 
regarded  as  a  privilege  to  enter  a  vine- 
yard so  skillfully  cultivated,  and  where 
the  grapes  seemed  ripe  in  clusters  for  the 
gathering  of  the  reaper's  hand.  It  struck 
us,  however,  even  then,  that  the  young  la- 
borer must  meet  some  difficulties  from  the 
very  eminence  of  his  predecessor.  Dr. 
Spring,  like  all  other  marked  men,  had  a 
prestige  of  his  own  ;  his  youthful  suc- 
cessor had  a  prestige  to  create  ;  and  it  was 
natural  to  suppose  that  some  of  the  indi- 
vidualities of  his  predecessor  would  stand 
in  his  way  ;  how  he  met  those  difficulties, 
and  how  he  conquered  them,  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  his  ministry,  with  the  most  uni- 
form harmony,  lacked  only  one  year  of 
being  as  long  as  that  of  Dr.  Spring.  No 
two  good  men  could  be  more  different. — 
Dr.  Spring  awed  by  his  majesty,  his  de- 
cision, his  moral  and  physical  courage, 
his  commanding  eye,  and  his  erect  and 
majestic  presence.  Dr.  Dimmick  won  by 
his  gentleness,  his  blended  excellence,  his 
courteous  manners,  his  sympathy  with 
every  form  of  suffering,  and  every  condi- 
tion of  life.  The  one  was  the  son  of 
thunder,  the  other,  the  son  of  consola- 
tion. 

He  was  born  for  his  profession.  Few 
preachers  of  the  Gospel  comply  more  tru- 
ly with  the  Apostle's  requisition,  1  Timo- 
thy iii.  2  :  d.v enilrjinov  elfui,  an  expression 
which  our  translators  have  weakened  by 
rendering  it, — to  be  blameless ;  a  bishop, 
or  a  preacher  must  be  blameless.  The 
term  is  probably  taken  from  the  pancra- 
tian  wrestlers  of  old,  who  anointed  their 
bodies  with  oil  that  there  might  be  no  place 
to  seize  hold  of,  to  throw  an  opponent. — 
There  was  no  weak  spot  in  his  character. 

The  sermons  of  Dr.  Dimmick  were  not 
regarded  by  the  public  as  the  most  strik- 
ing exhibitions  of  his  power.  They  were 
more  judicious  than  sparkling,  yet  they 
had  some  qualities  very  uncommon.  In 
the  first  place,  he  had  more  intellectual  dis- 
cretion than  any  man  we  ever  knew.  He 
seldom,  if  ever,  selected  a  subject  which 


he  did  not  perfectly  understand.  When 
he  "drew  his  bow,  he  always  had  the  vigor 
and  the  eye  to  hit  his  object.  Dr.  Dim- 
mick would  hardly  have  agreed  with  the 
writer  of  the  Memoir  of  the  late  Dr.  Pea- 
body  :  "  Preaching  has  become  a  very 
different  thing  from  what  it  once  was. 
In  this  our  day,  no  easy  generalities  or 
worn-out  common  places  will  do  anything 
more  than  put  people  to  sleep."  ^  But 
can  it  be  so  ?  Is  not  the  reverse  true  ? 
Are  not  the  most  affecting  truths  as  com- 
mon as  the  light,  and  as  old  as  the  crea- 
tion ?  The  fact  is,  a  curious  thought  is 
never  an  affecting  one.  The  art  of  preach- 
ing consists  in  giving  interest  to  what 
every  man  knew  before.  A  preacher 
mtist  tell  tlie  open  secret.  What  was 
Paul  doing  when  Felix  trembled  ?  He 
"  reasoned  of  righteousness,  temperance, 
and  judgment  to  come."  On  the  other 
hand,  if  you  wish  to  put  a  popular  audience 
to  sleep,  read  to  them  the  sermons,  (as  he 
calls  them)  of  Bishop  Butler,  some  of  the 
most  acute  speculations  that  ever  honored 
the  closet,  or  disgraced  the  pulpit.  Our 
departed  brother  always  aimed  at  the  con- 
science, and  of  course  the  consciousness 
of  his  audience. 

He  had  another  peculiarity  in  his 
preaching,  remarkable  in  the  successor  of 
Dr.  Spring ;  and  that  was  a  deep  sympathy 
with  human  weakness  in  its  difficulties,  its 
struggles,  its  temptations,  and  defeats. 
This  was  a  growing  peculiarity  in  his 
preaching;  it  marked  the  mellowness  in  his 
riper  years,  and  the  benefits  of  his  experi- 
ence. He  knew  well  how  "  to  lift  up  the 
hands  that  hang  down,"  and  "  to  strength- 
en the  feeble  knees,"  and  "  to  make  straight 
paths  for  the  feet,  lest  that  which  is  lame 
be  turned  out  of  the  way,  but  let  it  rather 
be  healed."  No  pastor  could  be  more 
welcome  to  the  sick  chamber, 

Beside  the  bed  where  parting  life  was  laid. 
His    extemporaneous    effusions    were 
plain  and  simple,  and  his  sermons  to  the 
last  were  carefully  elaborated.     But  his 

1  See  Memoir  prefixed  to  Sermons  of  Ephrasm  Pea- 
body,  page  22. 


372 


Luther  Fraseiir  DimmicJc. 


[Oci'. 


great  power  was  as  a  serious,  earnest,  dili- 
gent, and  consistent  pastor.  The  timid 
inquirer  seldom  feared  to  go  to  him  for  di- 
rection. He  was  sure  of  his  counsel,  his 
prayers,  and  his  example. 

It  is  a  victory  not  often  appreciated  by 
a  superficial  world,  to  continue  to  feed  a 
single  flock  through  a  long  pastorate  ;  to 
give  interest  to  old  truths,  variety  to  the 
simplicity  and  sameness  of  the  Gospel,  to 
conquer  this  man's  fastidiousness,  and  that 
man's  conservatism;  to  move  with  the 
times,  and  not  leave  the  old  land-marks, 
and  have  zeal  without  rashness,  ardor 
without  indiscretion,  and  all  preserved 
through  the  first  inexperience  of  j'outh, 
and  through  the  last  decays  of  maturity  ; 
this  is  the  task  of  a  long  continued  preach- 
er, and  this  is  the  victory  which  our  mod- 
est friend  never  boasted  of  and  nobly  won. 
He  "  turned  many  unto  righteousness ;  he 
shall  shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firma- 
ment, and  as  the  stars  forever." 

His  general  character,  both  as  a  rea- 
soner  and  a  man,  was  caution.  This 
would  be  the  impression  on  the  slightest 
acquaintance ;  and  yet  his  caution  was 
combined  with  the  most  singular  boldness 
in  starting  various  questions,  and  examin- 
ing every  foundation.  In  a  society  to 
which  he  belonged  for  theological  investi- 
gation, he  once  proposed  this  motto  : — 
"  Prove  all  things  ;  hold  fast  that  which 
is  good."  It  seemed  to  be  the  ruling  max- 
im of  his  own  mind.  He  seemed  to  think 
to  hold  fast  to  good,  it  was  necessary  to 
prove  all  things.  He  was  not  afraid  to 
start  the  most  critical  and  dangerous 
questions,  though  he  was  very  safe  in  com- 
ing to  his  conclusions.  The  writer  of 
these  recollections  was  once  present  at  an 
amusing  conversation  of  our  brother  with 
the  late  Dr.  Dana.  After  suggesting  some 
questions  which  seemed  to  unsettle  some 
fundamentals,  as  the  older  brother  con- 
ceived. Dr.  Dana  exclaimed,  almost  in  ag- 
ony, "  Now,  brother  Dimmick,  I  did  sup- 
pose that  some  points  in  theology  were 
fixed." — "  Yes,  sir,"  was  the  reply,  "  but 
will  they  not  be  more  fixed,  if  they  are 


true,  the  more  we  examine  them  ?  "  In 
one  respect,  our  brother  was  a  freer  think- 
er than  Theodore  Parker,  or  any  of  the 
members  of  that  school.  TIictj  shun  the 
old  paths  like  "  vipers'  blood ;  "  innova- 
tion to  them  is  always  the  way  to  truth. 
Our  brother,  like  the  eagle,  after  the 
wildest  flight,  was  not  ashamed  to  return 
to  the  eld  nest,  if  that  was  found  the  point 
of  safest  repose. 

Dr.  Dimmick's  interest  in  education  was 
unceasing.  He  held  for  fifteen  years,  a 
responsible  part  in  superintending  the 
public  schools  of  Newburyport ;  was  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  Putnam  Free  School ;  also  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Hampton  Academy  ; 
and  for  fourteen  years  a  Trustee  of  the 
Andover  Theological  Seminary, — in  fact, 
he  was  ever  ready  to  give  his  influence 
and  time  in  aid  of  the  instruction  of  the 
young,  for  whom  he  always  evinced  pecu- 
liar regard.  He  was  a  man  of  great  in- 
dustry ;  Biblical  literature  was  his  favor- 
ite study  ;  he  kept  up  a  constant  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Hebrew  and  the  Greek  ; 
and  he  never  was  a  better  scholar  than  on 
the  day  he  died. 

On  the  Fortieth  Anniversary  of  his  or- 
dination. Dr.  Dimmick  preached  a  Histor- 
ical Discourse,  which  has  been  published. 
In  this  discourse  he  gives  a  review  of  his 
long  ministry,  and  feelingly  adverts  to  the 
few  who  remain  that  witnessed  his  ordi- 
nation, and  also  an  apprehension  that  his 
own  labors  had  nearly  closed.  The  sta- 
tistics in  this  discourse  give  evidence  of 
faithfulness  and  industry  during  his  long 
pastorate  ;  and  the  fact  that  he  was  pres- 
ent and  acted  on  seventy-seven  ecclesias- 
tical councils,  is  significant. 

The  following  extract  will  be  read  with 
interest : 

"  Of  the  fifteen  pastors  who  took  part 
in  my  ordination,  ten  are  departed. — 
Other  names  might  be  added.  Let  me 
mention  to  you,  Dana,  the  fiither,  cf  Ips- 
wich ;  Parish,  of  Byefield  ;  Allen,  of  Brad- 
ford ;  Tompkins,  of  East  Haverhill ;  Mil- 


I860.] 


Luther  Fraseiir  Dimmick. 


373 


timore,  of  Belleville ;  Giles  and  Milton, 
near  neighbors  to  us ;  and  more  recently, 
Dana,  the  younger ;  Braman,  of  George- 
town ;  Perry,  of  Groveland  ;  Kimball,  of 
Ipswich  ;  and  Holbrook,  of  Rowley.  At 
the  Andover  Seminary,  Porter,  tasteful, 
urbane,  richly  furnished  in  his  depart- 
ment ;  Woods,  laborious,  careful,  slow, 
but  strong ;  Stuart,  with  flashing  thought 
and  the  pioneer  of  sacred  literature  in  our 
country;  Murdoek,  kind,  paternal,  well 
read  in  his  profession  ; — all  these,  where 
are  they  ?  A  galaxy  of  bright  men,  they 
have  sunk  below  the  horizon,  but  we  trust 
to  illuminate  other  spheres.  There,  too, 
are  "\A'orcester,  Blatchford,  Evarts,  Cor- 
nelius, Wisner,  Edwards." 

When  we  walk  the  borders  of  a  peace- 
ful lake,  we  often  find,  amidst  the  vegeta- 
tion that  skirts  its  banks,  one  tree,  which, 
either  from  nearness  or  magnitude,  is 
more  distinctly  reflected  from  the  glassy 
surface  than  the  rest.  In  the  foregoing 
enumeration  of  his  teachers,  I  suspect  that 
Professor  Stuart's  name  must  have  re- 
curred with  peculiar  interest.  It  was  ob- 
vious his  teaching  had  done  much  to  shape 
his  pupil's  turn  of  thought  and  course  of 
investigation.  His  grasp  was  on  him  ;  his 
freedom,  without  his  boldness;  and  his 
value  for  Biblical  exegesis,  with  greater 
caution.  It  was  curious  and  instructive  to 
see  the  influence  of  such  a  teacher  on  so 
differently  a  constituted  mind. 

Perhaps  the  reader  may  wish  to  enter 
the  sanctuary  of  thought,  and  know  what 
the  man  was  in  the  recesses  of  his  soul,  as 
■well  as  the  impressions  he  cast  on  the  re- 
collections of  friendship.  The  following 
extracts,  selected  from  remaining  papers, 
are  specimens  of  his  private  views  and 
meditations : 

"  March,  1853.  I  am,  as  passing  along 
now,  enjoying  a  richer  life  than  I  have 
ever  before  known.  My  children  awaken 
new  fountains  of  interest  and  pleasure 
within  me  ;  my  sympathies  with  humani- 
ty, in  its  various  aspects,  are,  with  increas- 
ing years,  becoming  deeper  and  broader  ; 


at  the  same  time  that  I  think  my  views 
of  Christianity,  as  a  system,  applied  to  the 
necessities  of  man,  and  suited  to  raise  him 
to  the  highest  practical  excellence,  and 
also  as  occasioning  the  highest  develop- 
ments of  the  glory  of  God,  are  more  com- 
prehensive and  valuable — certainly  un- 
fold to  me  higher  and  profounder  satisfac- 
tion. I  could  not  order  things  better 
than  they  are  ordered.  No  creature,  nor 
all  creatures  together,  could,  in  any  possi- 
ble point,  mend  the  works  of  God.  If 
God  will  lead  me  on,  and  let  me  more  in- 
to the  depth  of  things,  and  keep  my  spirit- 
ual feelings  conformed  to  the  increasing 
developments,  I  shall  surely  be  most  bless- 
ed forever.  O,  God  !  be  thou  thus  my 
God  and  portion. 

"  November  1 2, 1854.  When  I  see,  on  a 
Sabbath  morning,  the  secular  world  all 
standing  still  and  waiting  for  the  solemni- 
ties of  God's  house,  and  part  of  the  secu- 
lar world  ex])ecting  something  from  me,  I 
am  afraid  !  A  trembling  comes  over  me. 
How  shall  I  meet  the  expectation  ?  How 
shall  I  present  something  worthy  of  the  oc- 
casion ?  God  help  me  !  The  pulpit  must 
do  its  work  icell,  in  order  to  sustain  itself. 
I  wonder  it  sustains  itself  as  well  as  it 
does.  The  pulpit  must  show  itself  wor- 
thy the  great  interest  entrusted  to  it.  God 
help  me  this  day. 

"  December  8,  1857.  I  think  I  have 
never  seen  the  anniversary  of  my  ordipa- 
tion  when  I  had  a  deeper  view  of  its  im- 
portance, or  when  I  felt  more  satisfied 
with  the  line  of  lite  I  have  chosen,  than 
now.  An  old  man  has  richer  enjoyment 
of  the  past,  than  a  young  one,  because 
there  is  more  of  the  past  to  look  back 
upon,  and  also  because  the  consequences 
of  the  past  are  in  a  greater  measure 
evolved  ;  though  he  may  have  less  enjoy- 
ment of  the  future,  because  there  is  less 
of  future  before  him.  The  Lord  enable 
me  to  fill  up  what  remains  of  service  are 
appointed  me,  in  the  work  committed  to 
me,  well  and  faithfully,  that  I  may  meet 
his  approval. 

''February   11,    1858,      'I  dread   the 


374 


Luther  Fraseiir  DimmicJc. 


[Oct. 


thought,'  said  Whitefield,  '  o?  flagging  in 
the  latter  stages  of  my  course.'  The  feel- 
ing of  every  man  is  probably  the  same. 
The  Lord  may,  indeed,  ordain  it.  Yet  I 
have  often  pictured  to  myself  the  desirable- 
ness of  continuing  active  and  energetic 
to  the  end  of  life  ;  of  falling  in  the  har- 
ness and  in  the  high  places  of  the  battle- 
field. I  have  often  tliought  with  interest, 
on  the  old  Danish  chief  of  whom  Turner 
gives  us  an  account,  who,  growing  old 
and  infirm,  and  seeming  about  to  die,  in 
his  bed,  and  thinking  it  inglorious  in  a 
warrior  thus  to  die,  rose,  though  weak,  and 
arrayed  himself  and  staggered  forth  in  his 
armor,  exclaiming,  '  Where  is  my  ene- 
my ?  Let  me  find  an  ememy.  Let  me 
die  as  becomes  a  soldier,  by  the  steel  of 
an  enemy!'  Still,  such  a  spirit,  I  am 
aware,  must  not  be  copied,  or  too  much 
admired,  by  a  Christian  man.  I  am  afraid 
I  have  offended  by  thoughts  I  have  some- 
times had  on  this  subject.  The  Lord  for- 
give, and  the  Lord  direct,  and  make  me 
peacefully  submissive  to  his  will." 

Prof.  Phelps,  in  the  closing  remarks  of 
his  Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of  Dr.  Dim- 
mick,  pays  the  following  tribute  to  his 
character : 

"  I  am  reminded,  by  this  thought,  of  the 
one  feature  which,  if  I  mistake  not,  was 
predominant  in  the  ministerial  character 
of  him  for  whom  we  mourn  to-day.  If  he 
excelled  in  any  one  thing,  more  than  in 
another,  it  was  the  delight  with  which  he 
preached  and  practiced  the  consolatory 
and  cheering  truths  of  the  Gospel. 

"  How  many  of  us  have  received  mes- 
sages of  comfort  from  him,  which  now 
seem  to  come  again  to  us  from  those  dead 
lips  !  You  know  how  genially  he  appre- 
ciated the  adaptation  of  the  Gospel  to  be- 
reaved, crushed  spirits.  You  do  not 
need  to  be  told  how  much  at  home  he  was 
at  your  firesides,  whenever  trouble  came 
upon  you ;  and  how  timely  and  hearty  his 
words  were  to  you  there.  If  there  were 
any  who  felt  unacquainted  with  him  be- 
fore, they  were  sure  to  know  him  and  to 
love  him  then.     You  know  more  perfect- 


ly than  any  words  of  mine  can  remind 
you,  how  prompt  and  yet  how  wise  were 
his  sympathies  with  the  sick,  and  the 
poor,  and  the  dejected ;  how  much  he 
loved  your  children,  and  how  cordially  he 
mourned  with  you,  when  God  took  them. 
What  a  reality  your  bereavements  were 
to  him  ! 

"  Have  you  not  seen  him  also  pause  in 
the  street,  to  watch  a  group  of  neglected 
ones  in  their  sports  ?  Who  but  he  would 
have  had  the  thoughtfulness  to  single  out 
the  least  attractive,  or  the  most  forlorn,  or 
the  most  wicked  of  them  all,  for  a  kind 
word  ?  If  other  wisdom  questioned  that 
of  some  of  his  apparent  impulses  of  sym- 
pathy, did  he  not  convince  you  that  his 
wisdom  lay  deeper,  and  was  nearer  to  the 
mind  of  Christ,  by  saying :  '  I  must  try 
to  save  that  boy  ; '  or,  '  Who  knows  but 
that  the  soul  of  this  outcast,  may  be  given 
to  me  ? '  or,  '  Little  as  I  see  in  human 
nature  to  reverence,  I  find  as  little  any- 
where to  look  down  upon  ?  ' 

"  Youthful  ministers  have  told  me  of 
his  fatherly  counsels  to  them,  in  emergen- 
cies in  which  they  were  strengthened  by 
the  spontaneousness  of  his  interest  in  them. 
Yes,  it  was  a  joy  to  him  to  exemplify  the 
trustful,  hopeful,  helpful  aspects  of  the 
Gospel.  He  loved  to  live  them,  as  to 
preach  them. 

"  It  was  but  a  short  time,  since  he  invit- 
ed me  into  his  study,  and  after  pointing 
out  from  his  window  some  of  the  localities 
of  this  city  and  its  environs  which  were 
dear  to  him,  told  me  of  the  many  years 
which  he  had  passed  in  Christ's  service, 
and  yours ;  and  how  large  a  proportion  of 
those  to  whom  he  had  given  the  youth  of 
his  ministry,  he  had  attended  in  their  last 
hours.  All  but  seven  of  the  members  of 
this  church  at  the  time  of  his  ordination, 
he  said,  were  no  longer  here.  Then,  in 
the  same  breath,  he  spoke  of  the  great  joy 
of  his  ministerial  life.  His  own  had  been 
one  long  privilege.  I  do  not  recall  that 
he  had  one  word  to  say  of  its  trials,  or  of 
its  toils.  He  had  loved  it,  and  these  were 
forgotten. 


I860.] 


Luther  Fraseur  DimmicJc. 


375 


"  lie  did  not  say  it,  but  who  now  can 
refrain  from  thinking  it — that  his  has  in- 
deed been  a  model  ministry  !  Forty  years 
of  unbroken  hibor ;  his  first  sermon,  and 
his  last  text,  preached  to  the  same  peo- 
ple ;  revered  as  a  teacher,  whose  scholar- 
ly acquisitions  always  paid  tribute  to  his 
piety ;  trusted  among  his  brethren,  as  a 
brother  without  guile ;  a  model  to  his 
juniors,  as  a  preacher  whose  professional 
enthusiasm  was  too  deep  to  be  obtrusive, 
and  yet  seemed  to  be  the  whole  of  him  ; 
beloved  as  a  Pastor,  as  none  but  a  Pastor 
who  loves  his  people  can  be  ;  without  an 
enemy,  or,  if  he  possibly  had  one,  with 
none  who  would  not  blush  now  to  own  it ; 
and,  more  than  all,  blessed  by  Christ,  as  a 
chosen  vessel  unto  Him  ;  and  at  last  trans- 
lated from  the  very  pulpit  which  had 
been,  for  so  long  a  time,  as  the  Mount  of 
God  to  him,  to  meet  hundreds  of  souls 
which  had  been  given  to  his  fidelity  for 
Christ^s  sake — why  should  he  not  have 
enjoyed  such  a  ministry  ?  Our  Father  ! 
Our  Brother !  Our  Pastor !  It  is  safe 
for  thee  to  look  back  upon  it,  and  appre- 
ciate it  now  ! 

"  Let  us  remember  the  words  which  he 
spake  unto  us,  while  he  was  yet  with  us. 
So,  being  dead  he  yet  speaketh.  Let  us 
gain  refreshment  from  these  last  ofiices  of 
communion  with  him  in  spirit.  Let  us 
'  be  joyful  in  the  house  of  prayer.'  Let 
us  drink  deep  at  the  same  wells  of  salva- 
tion from  which  he  drew  his  calm,  cheer- 
ful strength.  Then  we  can  go  forth  as  he 
did,  blessed  in  our  own  afflictions,  and 
blessing  others  in  theirs." 

One  of  the  last  impressions  which  the 
writer  of  this  brief  notice  received  from 
our  departed  friend,  was  a  discussion  con- 
cerninsT  the  manner  in  which  heaven  will 


open  on  the  departed  soul  that  has  just 
left  the  lifeless  clay  behind  it.  It  took 
place  while  we  were  treading  with  slow 
and  sad  steps  to  follow  the  remains  of  an- 
other clerical  brother  to  the  house  appoint- 
ed for  all  Uoincj — the  late  Rev.  David  T. 
Kimball,  of  Ipswich.  He  started  the 
question,  whether  heaven  would  burst  on 
the  astonished  soul  with  sudden  efful- 
gence, or  whether  it  would  be  a  soft  and 
more  gradual  dawn,  like  the  first  streak 
of  twilight  that  brightens  the  morning. — 
He  mentioned  Dr.  Doddridge's  dream. 
He  had  a  quiet  way  of  investigating  these 
things,  well  suited  to  the  time  and  place ; 
and  though  he  spake  with  caution,  he  con- 
cluded that  we  must  wait  with  tremblino- 
hope  for  the  blessed  experience.  Ah ! 
my  brother,  thou  hast  solved  the  problem 
now  ;  thou  art  wiser  than  all  thy  surviving 
companions.  Thou  hast  entered  the  veil; 
thou  hast  left  the  darkness  of  this  specu- 
lating world ;  thou  hast  entered  the  re- 
gions of  eternal  day.  Little  did  I  think 
that  as  we  then  paced  side  by  side  our 
solemn  way  to  a  brother's  tomb,  what  was 
to  thee  then,  as  to  me,  doubtful  specula- 
tion, would  so  soon  become  personal  ex- 
perience. But  thou  hast  neither  lived  in 
vain,  nor  died  in  vain.  Though  thy  exit 
was  sudden,  precluding  the  possibihty  of 
a  word,  or  prayer — yet  thy  last  scene  suit- 
ed tliy  character ;  thou  wast  summoned 
at  the  post  of  duty  ;  Death  touched  thee 
in  the  pulpit  and  struck  thee  soon  after  ; 
and  now  we  yield  thy  body  to  the  ground 
and  thy  spirit  to  God ;  and  the  evening 
sun  which  will  soon  shed  his  parting 
beams  on  thy  grave,  will  spread  there  a 
sweet  emblem  of  thy  temper  and  thy  life  ; 
pure,  but  bright ;  illuminating  earth,  but 
having  its  source  in  heaven. 


VOL.  II. 


40 


376 


Churches  and  31inisters  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  [Oct. 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCHES    AND    MINISTERS 
IN  A\T[NDHAM  COUNTY,  CT. 

BY  REV.  ROBERT  C.  LEARNED,  BERLIN,  CT. 


(Continued. 

About  1746  there  was  a  division  in 
Plainfield  Church,  and  a  Separate  Church 
was  formed,  which  had  two  successive  pas- 
tors. 

Thomas  Stevens, Ord.  Sept.  11,  1746 

*  Nov.  15,  1755 
Alexander  Miller,.... Inst. 1758 

*  Aug.  20,  1798 

This  Church  had,  however,  been  much 
scattered  previous  to  the  death  of  its  last 
Pastor,  some  having  returned  to  the  orig- 
inal Church,  and  some  perhaps  having 
gone  to  other  denominations.  Their  house 
of  worship  stood  about  two  miles  north  of 
the  old  village.  Rev.  Thomas  Stevens 
was  the  son  of  Capt.  Thomas  Stevens  of 
Plainfield,  and  is  reported  to  have  been  a 
clear  and  powerful  preacher.  He  and 
Solomon  Payne  of  Canterbury  were  lead- 
ers among  their  people  in  opposition  to 
some  who  imbibed  Baptist  views.  In  1 755 
he  went  as  chaplain  in  the  army  with 
Capt.  Robinson  of  Hardwick,  contracted 
disease  and  returned  to  die  in  November 
at  his  father's  house  of  a  "  nervous  disoi'- 
der,"  being  then  in  his  3  "id  year.  His 
gravestone  bears  this  admonition  : — 

You  passers  by, 
Hark,  hear  the  cry, 
Prepare  to  die  \ 

Rev.  Alexander  Miller  was  born  in 
Ireland,  and  came  over  with  his  parents 
at  eight  years  of  age  to  the  town  of  Volun- 
town.  Here  he  was  ordained  April  17, 
1751,  pastor  of  a  Separate  Church.  After 
the  death  of  Mr.  Stevens  this  Church  was 
united  to  that  in  Plainfield  (the  towns 
being  adjacent)  and  Mr.  Miller  removed 
to  Plainfield  and  acted  as  pastor  of  the 
united  Church  until  its  decay. 

With  reference  to  this  he  is  reported  to 
have  said  shrewdly,  that  his  Church  "  died 
without  kicking  !  "     Speaking  of  Hazael, 


from  p.  293.) 

and  of  his  exclamation  to  the  prophet,  "  Is 
thy  servant  a  dog^  that  he  should  do  this 
great  thing?"  Mr.  Miller  added,  "But 
the  puppy  did  it  after  all !  " 

Mr.  Miller  was  a  large  man  ;  wrote  a 
bold  clear  hand ;  and  was  plainly  a 
marked  character.  He  died  Aug.  20, 
1798,  aged  87.     His  grave-stone  says  : 

"  A  soul  prepared  needs  no  delays, 
The  summons  come,  the  saint  obeys  I 
Swift  was  his  flight,  and  short  his  road. 
He  closed  his  eyes,  and  saw  his  God." 

"  Four  things  remember  well : 
Death,  judgment,  heaven  and  hell."' 

Mr.  Miller  had  by  his  wife  Esther,  two 
daughters  and  two  sons. 

After  the  population  of  the  north  part 
of  Plainfield  had  been  increased  by  the 
growth  of  manufacturing  villages,  and 
other  denominations  had  begun  to  build, 
it  was  thought  expedient  to  divide  the  old 
Plainfield  Church.  Accordingly  a  new 
Church  was  formed  April  15,  1846,  and  a 
house  of  worship  erected  in  "  Central  Vil- 
lage," on  the  line  of  the  Norwich  and 
Worcester  Rail  Road.  This  Church  has 
had  these  Pastors  : 

Jared  0.  Knapp, Ord.  Sept.  24,  1846 

Dis.  Nov.  26,  1850 
James  Bates, Inst.  June  15,  1853 

Dis.  July  11,  1855 
William  E.  BASSETT,...Ord.  Oct.  14,  1856 

Dis.  Mar.  24,  1859 
George  Hall Inst.  Nov.  15,  1859 

Dis.  June  — ,  1860 

Rev.  Jared  Owen  Knapp  was  a  native 
of  Greenwich  ;  graduated  Y.  C.  1840;  stu- 
died theology  at  New  Haven,  was  ordained 
as  above,  and  dismissed  to  be  immediately 
installed  as  Pastor  in  Hatfield,  Ms.  Here 
he  remained  till  April,  1855,  and  was  then 
dismissed  in  poor  health  ;  was  installed  at 
Niagara  City  (Suspension  Bridge),  N.  Y. 
and  again  obliged  by  his  health  to  leave 


I860.]         Churches  and  Jlmisters  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  377 

his  charge.     In  the  summer  of  1859  he  present  towns  of  Brooklyn  and  Putnam, 

went  to  Beloit,  Wis.,  hoping  to  regain  It  now  contains  two  Societies^  the  first  in 

health,  proposing  to  act  as  Pastor  of  a  new  the  eastern  part  of  the  town,  the  second 

Congregational    Church    in    that    place,  (called  Abington)  in  the  west.     The  soil 

Pie  was  able  only  to  preach  a  sliort  time  is  unusually  good  and  the  people  are,  for 

after  his  arrival  there,  and  gradually  de-  the  most  part,  engaged  in  its  cultivation, 

clined  in  health  and  strength  until   his  The  Church  in  the  First   Society  was 

death,  July  14,  1860.  organized    Oct.    26,   1715,  and   has   had 

He  was  cheered  in  his  sickness  by  the  these  Pastors  : 

hope  of  a  glorious  immortality,  and  no  one  Ebenezek  Williams,.  .  ..Ord.  Oct.  26,  1715 

■who  knew   him   can   doubt   the   founda-  *       T^^^t^-  28,  17o3 

tion  on  which  that  hope  was  built.     The     ^^^°^  ^^^^'"^ gjj  5;^^^^  ^^J  Jg^ 

unanimous  testimony  of  his  friends  attests     ^g^  King Orel.  May  5,    1802 

his  sincerity,  devotion,  intellectual  power  Dls.  June  15,  1811 

and   ardent   piety.      He   married    Sarah     James  Pouter, g^AprU  23,  1830 

Beach  of  Hartford.  ^jizi  Benedict, Inst.  Oct.  19,  1831 

Rev.  James  Bates  was  born  in  Ran-  Dis.  July  15,  1834 

dolph,  Vt,  Jan.  17,  1790  ;  graduated  D.  C.      Daniel  Hunt, Ord.  April  8,   1835 

1822  ;  studied  theology  at  Andover ;  was  Rev.  Ebenezer  Williams  was  born 

ordained  Colleague  with  Rev.  Dr.  Homer  at  Roxbury,    Ms.,    probably    a    son    of 

at  Newton,  Ms.,  Nov.  14,  1827,  and  dis-  Samuel  Williams,   Aug.    12,   1690,   and 

missed  in  1839  ;  was  installed  at  Granby,  graduated    at    Harvard    College,    1709, 

Ms.,   in   1840,   and   dismissed   Sept.    10,  where  he  was  A.  M.  in  course.     He  came 

1851 ;  was  again  installed  at  Central  Vil-  to  the  new  town  of  Pomfret,   Dec.   23, 

lage  as  above.     Since  his  dismission  thence  1713,  by  request  of  the  people,  many  of 

he  has  resided  in  Granby.  whom  were  from  his  native  place.     On 

He  married,  (1)  Miss  Atwood  ;  and  the  16th  of  Feb'y  1714,  the  people  invited 
(2)  Mrs.  Dickinson.  him  to  settle  there  in  the  ministry,  offer- 
Rev.  WiLLiAJi  Elliot  Bassett  was  ing  him  "  £170  settlement  and  £60  yearly 
born  in  Derby ;  graduated  Y.  C.  1850,  salary  for  four  years,  then  to  rise  one 
and  studied  theology  at  New  Haven.  He  pound  per  year  until  It  comes  to  £70." 
married  Mary  Dowd  of  Norfolk,  in  which  On  this  call  he  was  ordained  Oct.  26, 
place  he  remains  at  present.  1715,  the  same  day  on  which  the  Church 

Rev.  George  Hall  had  been  in  the  was  gathered.  This  pastoral  charge  he 
work  of  the  ministry  some  years  before  held  till  his  death,  which  occurred  March 
coming  to  Central  Village,  having  served  28,  1753,  in  the  63d  year  of  his  age  and 
chiefly  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He  has  38th  of  his  ministry.  His  parish  was,  how- 
been  twice  married.  He  was  dismissed  ever,  diminished  in  1729  by  the  erection 
in  June,  1860.  of  a  Society  in  the  south  part  of  the  town, 

A  third   Church  was  formed  June  17,  (now  Brooklyn,)  and  in  1749  by  the  for- 

1856,  in  the  manufacturing  village  of  Wau-  mation  of  Abington   Society.     Mr.  Wil- 

ren-an,  about  two  miles  north-west  of  Con-  liams  seems  to  have  been  held  in  high 

tral  Village.     No  pastor  has  been  settled  repute  among  not  only  his  own  people,  but 

over  this  Church,  but  they  have  been  sup-  throughout  the   State.     He  was  a  fellow 

plied  for  different  periods  by  Rev.  Charles  of  Yale   College  from  1731  to  1748.     In 

L.  Ayer,  and  others.     Their  services  are  later  life  he  is  said  to  have  become  exceed- 

couducted  in  a  commodious,  pleasant  hall,  ingly  corpulent. 

In  the  sermon   at  his  funeral,   (after- 

Pomfret. — This  town  was  incorpora-  wards  published,)  Rev.  Solomon  Williams 

red  May,  1713,  including  portions  of  the  said, — "  He  was  a  person  of  good  natural 


378 


Churches  and  31inisters  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  [Ogt. 


and  acquired  abilities,  great  activity  and 
application.  Though  he  was  not  favored 
■with  the  most  happy  elocution,  yet  he  was 
a  plain,  faithful  preacher  of  the  great  and 
important  doctrines  of  Christ.  In  him 
you  were  blessed  with  a  wise,  judicious, 
sound,  orthodox  minister." 

Mr.  Williams  married  Penelope,  dau. 
of  John  Chester,  Jr.,  of  Wethersfield,  and 
had  Samuel ;  Chester,  who  was  Pastor 
in  Hadley,  Ms. ;  Ebenezer,  who  lived  in 
Pomfret,  and  was  Judge  and  Colonel,  &c. ; 
Nehemiah,  who  died  in  his  17th  year; 
and  Hannah,  who  married  Gen.  Hunting- 
ton of  Norwich.  His  widow  died  June 
29,  1764, aged  74. 

Rev.  Aaron  Putnam  was  born  at 
Reading,  Ms.,  Dec.  5,  1733,  the  son  of 
Rev.  Daniel  and  Rebecca  (Putnam)  Put- 
nam; graduated  H.  C,  1752,  and  A.M. 
in  course. 

He  was  called  to  settle  at  Pomfret,  Nov. 
17,  17.55,  and  gave  his  answer  on  the  8th 
February  following,  in  a  sermon  from  Job 
xxxiii :  6.  "  Behold,  I  am  according  to  thy 
wish,  in  God's  stead,"  &c.  On  the  25th 
February  a  fast  day  was  observed,  two  ser- 
mons preached,  and  Mr.  P.  examined  by 
seven  ministers.  The  ordination  was  on 
Mar.  10,  1756,— sermon  by  Mr.  Mosely, 
of  Hampton.  Mr.  Putnam  proved  "  a  use- 
ful and  acceptable  servant  of  Christ,  seri- 
ous and  godly  in  his  deportment,  careful 
to  admonish  transgressors,  and  to  maintain 
order  in  the  house  of  God.  During  the 
latter  part  of  his  ministry,  he  lost  health, 
and  finally  his  voice  :  so  that,  for  several 
years,  he  was  unable  to  preach.  During 
this  period,  he  wrote  sermons,  which  were 
read  to  the  people.  But  the  Church  and 
people  suffered  much  from  the  want  of  a 
speaking  preacher.  Besides,  in  the  at- 
tempt to  settle  a  colleague,  they  became 
divided.  A  part  went  off,  and  settled 
under  the  charge  of  Oliver  Dodge,  (the  re- 
jected candidate.)  assuming  the  name  of 
'  The  Reformed  Catholic  Church  of  Pom- 
fret.' This  schism  gave  rise  to  a  contro- 
versy, in  which  the  ministers  and  leading 
men  of  the  County  became  involved.  Dur- 


ing its  continuance,  those  who  adhei-ed  to 
Mr.  Putnam  used  to  meet  regularly,  though 
a  feeble  band.  One  deacon  would  read 
and  the  other  pray,  and  their  poor,  speech- 
less minister  would  show  his  approbation 
by  his  constant  presence.  But,  at  length, 
the  Lord  heard  their  prayer.  Dodge  be- 
came a  drunkard  and  an  apostate,  and  his 
followers,  disgusted  with  him,  returned  to 
the  society  they  had  left,  and  united  in 
the  choice  of  Mr.  King,  as  colleague. 
But  when  the  council  convened  for  Mr. 
King's  ordination,  it  was  thought  best  that 
Mr.  Putnam  should  be  dismissed,  which 
was  accordingly  done,  May  5,  1802.  It 
was  agreed,  however,  that  the  aged  Pas- 
tor should  receive  an  annual  allowance 
through  life.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1813,  in 
his  eightieth  year.  The  sermon  at  his  fu- 
neral was  by  Dr.  Whitney,  of  Brooklj-n. 
From  this,  (as  published,)  we  learn  that 
Mr.  Putnam  afibrded  '  a  remarkable  in- 
stance of  patience  and  submission  to  the 
will  of  God,' — that  '  he  was  favored  with 
the  free  use  of  his  reason,  and  even  his 
speech  was  considerably  restored  in  the 
last  year  of  his  life.'  His  last  words  were  : 
'  Take  me  me  hence  :  I  long  to  be  gone, 
that  I  may  be  free  from  sin.' " 

Mr.  Putnam  published  (1798)  a  sermon 
on  the  Being  of  God,  and  (1801)  Dis- 
courses on  Baptism. 

Mr.  P.  married,  Oct.  30,  1760,  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Hall,  of  Sutton,  Ms., 
by  whom  he  had  four  daughtci"s.  Mrs. 
Putnam  having  been  killed,  in  1773,  by  a 
fall  from  a  carriage,  he  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Eph.  Avery,  of  Brook- 
lyn, and  had  four  other  daughters,  and 
lastly  a  son,  Aaron. 

Rev.  Asa  King  was  commemorated 
among  the  Pastors  of  Westminster  Church, 
Vol.  II.,  p.  27,  of  this  Quarterh/. 

Rev.  James  Porter  was  born  in 
Wenham,  Ms.,  June  18,  1785,  the  son  of 
James  and  Hannah  (Curtis)  Porter,  but 
was  removed  by  his  parents,  in  1 786,  to 
Peterborough,  N.  H.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  in  1810,  and  received 
a  Master's  degree  from  Yale  College,  in 


I860.]  Churches  and  Ilinisttrs  in  Windham  Co.,  Ct. 


379 


1815:  taught  a  while  in  Belfi\st,  Me.; 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  Alfred  John- 
son 5  was  licensed,  May,  1812;  began  to 
preach  in  Pomfret,  February,  1814,  and 
was  ordained  Pastor  there  Sept.  8,  1814  ; 
sermon  by  Rev.  Elijah  Dunbar,  of 
Peterborough,  N.  H.  This  charge  he 
held,  until,  in  consequence  of  protracted 
bodily  infirmity,  he  was  dismissed  at  his 
own  request,  April  23,  1830.  Soon  after 
this,  he  removed  to  Ashford,  and  in  April, 
1834,  to  South  Woodstock.  In  1849,  he 
again  removed  to  Stafford,  where  he  died, 
June  6,  1856,  aged  71. 

Mr.  Porter's  labors  at  Pomfret,  were 
much  honored  of  God  and  man,  and  he 
retained  till  his  death  the  love  of  that  peo- 
ple, and  the  esteem  of  his  brethren  in  the 
ministry.  He  published  a  Sermon  at  the 
funeral  of  Dea.  Simon  Cotton,  of  Pom- 
fret, and  another  at  the  funeral  of  Sam- 
uel H.  Lyon,  of  Abington.  Pie  was  twice 
married.  (1)  to  Eliza,  daughter  of  Dea. 
Benjamin  Nourse,  of  Merrimac,  N.  H.,  by 
whom  he  had  three  daughters,  all  of  whom 
preceded  him  to  the  grave ;  and  (2)  to 
Lucinda,  daughter  of  Dr.  Miner  Grant,  of 
Ashford. 

Rev.  Amzi  Benedict  was  born  at 
New  Canaan,  May  19,  1791,  the  youngest 
son  of  Isaac  and  Jane  (Raymond)  Bene- 
dict. He  graduated  Y.  C,  1814,  and 
studied  theology  at  Andover ;  was  or- 
dained in  Newbury,  Sept.  24,  1818,  with 
two  others,  as  missionaries  to  destitute 
parts  of  the  country ;  sermon  by  Dr. 
Dana.  After  spending  some  years  in  this 
service,  and  others  in  teaching,  he  was 
ordained  Pastor  at  Vernon.  June  30, 
1824,  and  dismissed  Feb.  \<i,  1830;  was 
then  installed  at  Pomfret,  Oct.  19,  1831, 
and  dismissed  July  15,  1834.  During 
this  time,  a  revival  added  77  members  to 
the  Church,  of  whom  50  were  admitted  in 
one  day.  His  last  settlement  was  at  Man- 
lius,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  Pastor  some 
four  years,  from  Dec.  6,  183  7,  enjoying  a 


powerful  revival  among  the  young.  For 
a  time,  he  was  Principal  of  a  Female 
Seminary  in  New  Haven  ;  about  1845-6 
supplied  the  pulpit  of  Dr.  Bond,  in  Nor- 
wich  nearly   two   years ;    resided,  about 

1854,  in  Chelsea,  Ms. ;  in  the  Spring  of 

1855,  took  charge  of  a  small  society  in 
Yorktown,  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  labored  with  much  satisfaction,  until 
disabled  by  an  accident  from  a  rail-road 
engine,  at  Stamford,  of  which  he  died, 
three  weeks  after,  at  the  house  of  a  son- 
in-law,  in  Brooklyn,  L.  I.,  Nov.  17, 1856, 
aged  65. 

."  His  sufferings  were  very  great,  but 
he  experienced,  in  full,  the  supporting 
comforts  of  the  religion  he  had  so  long 
professed  and  preached,  and  which  he  had 
adorned  by  an  exemplary  and  devoted 
life  ;  a  discriminating  theologian,  a  dili- 
gent student,  a  sound  and  earnest 
preacher,  an  assiduous  pastor  and  a  faith- 
ful friend." 

Mr.  B.  published,  in  1850,  a  work  enti- 
tled "  A  Biblical  Trinity  "  of  which  he 
was  preparing  a  new  edition  at  the  time 
of  his  fatal  accident.  He  was  also  engaged 
on  a  new  work. 

He  published  several  sermons  in  the 
"  National  Preacher "  and  elsewhere. 
He  married,  in  1825,  Martha  S.,  dau.  of 
Gen.  Solomon  Cowles  of  Farmington,  and 
had  five  children,  of  whom  the  four  surviv- 
ors reside  in  Brooklyn,  L.  I. 

Rev.  Daniel  Hunt  was  born  at 
Columbia  ;  graduated  A.  C.  1828,  and 
finished  his  course  at  Andover  in  1833  ; 
was  ordained  Pastor  at  Pomfret,  Apr.  8, 
1835,  and  still  continues  in  that  charge, 
being  the  oldest  in  date  of  settlement 
among  the  present  Pastors  of  Windham 
County.  He  is  married,  but  without  chil- 
dren. 

He  has  published  an  Historical  Sermon, 
which  furnished  some  materials  for  these 
sketches  of  his  predecessors  in  office. 


40* 


380 


Ordination. 


[Oct. 


ORDINATION  :  SHALL  IT  BE  WITH  OR  WITHOUT  INSTALLATION? 


BY    JAMES    P.    LANE,    TROY,    VT. 


The  work  of  the  Gospel  Ministry  is  the 
most  important  of  all  connected  with  the 
promulgation  of  Christianity.  Its  drafts 
upon  the  physical,  mental,  and  spiritual 
energies  of  those  devoted  to  it,  are  not 
surpassed  in  measure,  in  any  other  calling. 
By  pre-eminence,  it  is  a  holy  work,  and 
never  should  be  undertaken  without  satis- 
factory evidence  of  being  called  of  God, 
and  then,  only  in  a  spirit  of  hearty  conse- 
cration to  it  of  all  the  energies,  with  an 
humble  reliance  upon  Divine  direction  in 
their  use.  Great  care  should  be  taken 
by  the  churches  to  prevent  the  induction 
to  this  work,  of  unworthy  candidates,  and 
certain  safeguards  to  this  end  should  be 
observed. 

Our  churches  recognize  two  modes  of 
induction  to  the  full  work  of  the  ministe- 
rial calling,  termed,  respectively,  "  ordin- 
ation as  pastor,"  and  "  ordination  as  evan- 
gelist." More  precisely  the  former  in- 
cludes two  things,  viz.,  "  ordination  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry,"  and  "  installation 
as  pastor  of  a  particular  Church ; "  while 
the  latter,  i.  e.,  "  ordination  as  an  evan- 
gelist," includes  only  the  first  of  the  two. 
A  diversity  of  practice,  as  well  as  of  sen- 
timent exists  as  to  the  comparative  expe- 
diency of  the  two  modes,  which  it  is  not 
inopportune  here  to  discuss. 

The  particular  thoughts  to  be  consid- 
ered in  the  present  article  are : 

1.  The  points  of  resemblance  between 
these  two  modes  of  ordination. — II.  The 
points  of  diflerence. — III.  The  arguments 
for,  and  objections  to,  Pastoral  ordination. 
— IV.  The  arguments  for,  and  objections 
to.  Evangelist  ordination.  —  V.  The  ex- 
pediency of  each  mode,  under  certain 
circumstances. 

I.  The  points  of  resemblance. — In  many 
particulars,  there  is  no  essential  diifcrence 
between  these  two  modes  of  ordination. 


In  both  cases,  an  Ordaining  council  of 
churches  is  called  by  "  letters  missive," 
from  a  Church  conjointly  with  the  candi- 
date, before  whom  satisfactory  evidence 
must  be  given  of  regular  Church  standing, 
and  of  full  license  to  preach  the  Gospel. 
In  both  cases,  upon  an  examination,  satis- 
factory evidence  must  be  given  of  Chris- 
tian character  above  reproach,  classical 
and  theological  attainments,  sufficient  to 
Cjualify  for  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
proper  motives  of  entering  the  ministry, 
soundness  in  the  faith,  and  ability  to 
preach  acceptably.  In  both  cases,  an  or- 
dination sermon  is  preached,  a  consecrat- 
ing prayer  is  offered  with  the  "  laying  on 
of  hands,"  a  "  charge  "  is  given,  and  the 
"  right  hand  of  fellowship  "  is  extended. 
In  both  cases,  the  candidate  is  placed  un- 
der solemn  obligation  to  perform  faith- 
fully all  the  duties  of  a  Christian  minister, 
watching  over  the  Hock  to  whom  he  min- 
isters with  pastoral  care,  visiting  tlie  sick 
and  dying,  attending  the  burial  of  the 
dead,  preaching  the  Gospel  with  boldness 
and  wisdom,  administering  the  sacraments, 
solemnizing  marriages,  &c.  &c.  In  both 
cases,  by  a  vote  of  the  Church  to  whom 
he  ministers,  he  may  be  the  standing  mo- 
derator and  clerk,  and  has  the  same  in- 
fluence In  the  admission  of  church  mem- 
bers, and  In  their  dismission,  discipline 
and  excommunication.  In  short,  in  both 
cases,  the  same  safeguards  to  his  worthy 
induction  are  observed,  and  he  has  the 
full  responsibilities  and  privileges  of  a 
Gospel  Minister. 

II.  The  points  of  difference. — In  Pas- 
toral ordination,  the  candidate  enters 
upon  the  ministerial  relation  witii  a  par- 
ticular Church,  and  is  to  continue  in  that 
relation,  till  an  Ecclesiastical  council, 
Avith  the  concurrence  of  the  Churcli,  dis- 
solve it.     It  is  implied  that  the  minister 


I860.] 


Ordination. 


381 


■will  remain  permanently  in  connection 
■with  the  Church  over  ■\vhom  he  is  installed. 
Formerly,  it  ■was  understood  to  be  a  life- 
connection,  and,  although  that  idea  is  not 
now  generally  entertained,  it  is  yet  under- 
stood that  the  relation  shall  be  a  perma- 
nent one,  unless  difficulties  arise  to  impair 
the  usefulness  of  the  minister,  his  health 
fail,  or  he  receive  an  incompetent  support. 
In  Evangelist  ordination,  the  candidate 
is  left  free  to  enter  upon  the  ministerial 
relation  ■with  any  Church  or  people  ■who 
see  fit  to  employ  him,  and  continue  ac- 
tively in  that  relation,  so  long  as  both  par- 
ties to  the  contract  deem  it  best,  or  desira- 
ble. There  is  no  implied  promise,  that 
the  minister  ■will  remain  permanently  in 
one  place,  and  in  connection  with  a  par- 
ticular Church  to  whom  he  may  first  min- 
ister. When  the  time  of  his  engagement 
expires,  or  ■when  he  and  the  people  deem 
it  best  to  dissolve  the  connection,  it  may 
be  done  ■without  the  intervention  of  an 
Ecclesiastical  council,  and  such  dissolu- 
tion does  not  necessarily  imply  difficulties 
existing  to  impair  usefulness,  a  failure  of 
health,  or  an  incompetency  of  support. 
In  the  collected  statistics  of  the  churches, 
those  ordained  over  particular  churches  as 
pastors,  are  designated  "  p,"  and  those 
ordained  as  evangelists,  or  uninstalled 
ministers  in  active  service,  are  designated 
"  s.  s."  (stated  supply.)  These  terms, 
however,  do  not  indicate  any  difference  in 
the  relation  of  the  ministers  to  their 
churches,  so  long  as  they  continue  in  the 
relation,  but  they  simply  indicate  the  mode 
of  induction  to  the  relation,  and  the  mode 
of  its  termination. 

There  are  some,  ■who  maintain  that 
there  is  an  essential  difference  in  the  rela- 
tion of  ministers  to  the  churches,  depend- 
ing on  the  mode  of  Ordination.  They 
say  that  Pastoral  ordination,  is  like  sol- 
emnizing the  marriage  relation,  the  Min- 
ister being  the  husband,  and  the  Church 
being  the  Avife,  and  the  rights,  privileges 
and  duties  devolving  upon  each,  are  anal- 
ogous to  those  of  that  relation  ;  and 
Evangelist  ordination,  is  like   sanctioning 


the  illegitimate,  licentious  commerce  of 
man  and  ■woman.  This  position  ■we  re- 
gard as  unscriptural  and  uncongregational. 
The  Scrijitures  represent  the  relation  of 
Christ  to  his  Church  as  analogous  to  the 
marriage  relation,  and,  doubtless,  none  of 
the  relations  of  life  so  fitly  represent  it  as 
does  this,  but  no  ■warrant  is  given  to  com- 
pare in  the  same  ■way,  the  relation  of 
Christ's  ministers  to  his  churches.  They 
are  "  ambassadors  for  Christ,"  to  preach 
the  "  Gospel  of  reconciliation,"  but  it 
■would  be  the  most  ■wicked  adultery  for 
them  to  assume  to  stand  in  the  place  of 
Christ,  in  that  relation  of  union,  of  sympa- 
thy and  life  ■which  believers  find  in  Christ 
alone.  Christ  Jesus  alone,  according  to 
the  Scriptures,  is  the  Head  of  the  Church, 
and  all  believers  in  him  are  equal  breth- 
ren. It  is  a  fundamental  principle  of 
Congregationalism,  that  there  is  "  no 
priest  but  Christ,  and  he  has  no  vicege- 
rent on  earth."  Again,  if  this  position  be 
true,  the  "  Pastor "  must  support  the 
Church,  not  only  feeding  it  with  spiritual, 
but  temporal  food,  building  its  "  home  " 
or  house  of  ■worship,  and,  being  the  man- 
of-all-^work,  getting  his  living,  and  that  of 
the  Church,  the  best  he  may.  But  it  is 
Scriptural  and  Congregational,  that  the 
Church  support  the  minister,  provide  for 
his  and  their  temporal  ■wants,  ■while  he 
seeks  to  feed   them  with  spiritual  food. 

Moreover,  if  this  position  be  correct, 
ministers  ordained  as  Pastors,  cannot  dis- 
solve the  relation  ■without  a  violation  of 
marriage  contract,  and  cannot  seek  the 
aid  of  an  Ecclesiastical  council,  to  dissolve 
the  relation,  ■without  being  guilty  of  seek- 
ing to  put  a'way  a  companion  by  a  bill  of 
divorcement,  which  always  implies  some- 
thing wrong  between  the  parties  divorced ; 
and  the  Church,  for  similar  efforts,  would 
be  guilty  of  the  same  wrong.  If  this  posi- 
tion be  correct,  Evangelist  ordination  is 
a  sin,  most  odious  in  the  sight  of  the 
Divine  Master  and  Head  of  the  Church. 
Therefore  we  conclude  that  this  position 
is  without  reasonable  foundation. 

HI.   The  arguments  for^  and  objections 


382 


Ordination. 


[Oct. 


to.  Pastoral  ordination. — It  is  urged  in 
favor  of  Pastoral  ordination,  that  "  it 
tends  to  secure  permanency  in  the  minis- 
terial relation."  Granting  that  perma- 
nency is  desirable,  the  argument  is  valid. 
But,  we  contend  that  permanency  is  de- 
sirable only  in  certain  circumstances. 
When  a  Church  and  people  are  strongly 
united  in  sympathy  and  love  for  their 
minister,  and  he  for  them  ;  when  a  Church 
and  people  are  sufficiently  strong  in  num- 
bers and  in  pecuniary  ability  to  pledge 
and  secure  a  competent  support ;  when 
the  minister  is  in  firm  health,  so  as  to  per- 
form fiiithfully  all  the  duties  devolving 
upon  him  ;  when  he  is  contented  to  re- 
main, feeling  that  he  is  doing  more  for 
Christ  here  than  elsewhere ;  and  when 
the  Church  and  people  are  contented  to 
continue  under  his  ministry,  and  feel  that 
he  is  doing  more  good  among  them  than 
any  other  one  whom  they  could  obtain  ; 
in  these  combined  circumstances,  perma- 
nency is  desirable,  and  pleasant  will  it  be 
if  the  i-elation  may  thus  be  continued 
through  the  life  of  the  minister.  But, 
unless  these  circumstances  exist  in  combi- 
nation, we  contend  that  permanency  is 
not  desirable.  It  is  a  fundamental  prin- 
ciple of  Christian  life  that  "  the  greatest 
good  to  the  largest  number"  must  be 
sought,  and  every  disciple  must,  therefore, 
labor  in  the  sphere  and  place  where  he 
can  be  instrumental  of  doing  the  most 
good  in  his  power. 

In  accordance  with  this  principle,  the 
object  of  churches  and  people  should  be 
to  secure,  so  far  as  practicable,  the  labors 
of  such  ministers  as  will  be  instrumental 
of  promoting  the  most  good  among  them  ; 
and  the  object  of  ministers  should  be,  to 
labor  in  those  places,  so  far  as  practicable, 
where  they  can  be  instrumental  in  pro- 
moting the  most  good  in  their  power.  It 
can  be  readily  seen  that  these  objects 
are  successfully  met  only  in  the  circum- 
stances above  mentioned.  Now,  Pastoral 
ordination  in  these  circumstances  has  no 
more  tendency  to  secure  permanency  than 
does  Evangelist  ordination ;    for,  in  the 


latter  case,  the  ministerial  relation  is 
continued  from  year  to  year,  so  long  as 
these  circumstances  exist.  If  Pastoral 
ordination  secures  permanency  of  the 
ministerial  relation,  in  other  circumstances 
it  is  evidently  an  evil  not  to  be  sought, 
but  avoided.  A  Church  and  people  who 
have  lost  interest  in  their  minister,  or  who 
feel  that  from  loss  of  health,  or  other 
causes,  their  minister's  usefulness  is  im- 
paired, or  who  feel  that  another  minister 
whom  they  can  obtain  would  do  more 
good  among  them,  may  yet  make  no  move 
for  a  change,  because  the  whole  subject 
must  come  up  before  an  Ecclesiastical 
council,  unpleasant  feelings  and  divisions 
caused,  and  worse  evils  introduced  than 
would  exist  without  such  change.  Or  a 
minister,  who  feels  that  his  usefulness  for 
any  cause  Is  impaired,  or  that  he  can  do 
more  for  Christ  in  another  field,  may,  for 
the  same  reasons,  consent  to  remain.  The 
ministerial  relation,  continued  under  such 
circumstances,  is  an  evil  not  to  be  sought, 
but  avoided,  if  possible ;  for  it  does  vio- 
lence to  the  principle,  "  the  greatest  good 
to  the  largest  number."  When  these 
circumstances  exist,  the  good  of  both  par- 
ties, as  well  as  the  general  interests  of 
Christ's  kingdom,  require  that  the  minis- 
terial relation  be  dissolved  in  the  easiest 
and  quietest  way  possible. 

Again,  it  is  urged  in  favor  of  Pastoral 
ordination,  that  "it  gives  dignity  to  the 
ministerial  relation,  and  increases  the  use- 
fulness of  the  minister."  From  what  has 
already  been  shown  of  the  resemblance 
between  the  two  modes  of  ordination,  it 
appears,  that  in  this  respect,  one  has  no 
advantage  over  the  other.  It  may  be 
true,  that  after  one  has  been  ordained, 
and  removes  to  another  field  of  labor,  the 
public  services  of  installation  will  be  thus 
productive  of  good.  We  are  considering 
the  original  induction  to  the  work  of  the 
gospel  ministry. 

Again,  it  is  urged  In  favor  of  Pastoral 
ordination,  that  "  ministers  will  take  a 
more  active  Interest  in  the  people  of  their 
charge,  and  seek  more  their  permanent 


I860.] 


Ordination. 


383 


good,  when  oivlained  as  pastors,  than  when 
ordained  as  evangelists."  Ministers  who 
need  the  formal  service  of  installation  to 
enlist  their  hearts  in  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry, and  to  lead  them  to  seek  the  perma- 
nent good  of  their  people,  are  unworthy 
of  the  calling,  and  ought  not  to  be  or- 
dained at  all.  If  they  are  worthy  of  the 
calling,  ministers  will  do  all  they  can  for 
Christ,  wherever  they  are  called  to  labor, 
and  whether  installed  or  not. 

The  objections  urged  against  Pastoral 
ordination  are  founded  in  certain  circum- 
stances that  are  liable  to  exist.  If  a 
Church  and  people  are  not  strongly  uni- 
ted in  the  candidate  whom  they  call,  and 
he  do  not  cordially  accept  the  call.  Pas- 
toral ordination  is  objectionable  ;  for,  in 
all  probability,  the  ministerial  relation 
will  be  of  short  duration.  Little  matters 
will  kindle  great  fires.  An  Ecclesiastical 
council  will  be  called  to  dissolve  the  rela- 
tion ;  unpleasant  matters  will  come  up  for 
investigation ;  bitter  feelings  will  be  en- 
gendered, and  greater  divisions  made ; 
the  pastor  will  be  dismissed,  and,  whether 
he  has  clean  papers  or  not,  the  results  of 
council  will  be  heralded  in  the  press,  and 
operate  unfavorably  to  the  dismissed  min- 
ister, and  dismissing  people.  But  a 
Church  and  people,  though  not  strongly 
united  in  calling  a  candidate  to  a  perma- 
nent pastorate,  may  yet  be  united  to  em- 
ploy a  supply  for  a  definite  time,  hoping, 
meanwhile,  that  their  divisions  may  be  so 
far  healed  that  they  can,  eventually,  settle 
a  pastor. 

If  there  is  not  strength  of  numbers  and 
pecuniary  ability.  Pastoral  ordination  is 
objectionable.  In  these  circumstances,  it 
is  impossible,  or,  at  least,  unsafe,  to  pledge 
a  support  for  any  length  of  time.  The 
most  that  can  be  done  is  to  secure  a  sub- 
scription for  a  year,  which  may  or  may 
not  be  fully  paid.  At  the  end  of  the  year, 
or  before,  weakened  by  deaths  or  re- 
movals, or  other  causes,  they  may  not  be 
able  to  secure  a  competent  support, — 
hence  an  Ecclesiastical  council  is  called, 
all  these  things  are  considered,  the  minis- 


ter dismissed,  the  results  of  council  pub- 
lished, and,  although  there  be  no  fault 
witli  minister  or  people,  this  short  pastor- 
ate will  operate,  as  before,  to  the  prejudice 
of  both  parties.  If,  in  addition  to  an 
incompetent  support,  unpleasant  divisions 
exist,  the  results  will  be  far  more  disas- 
trous. But  a  Church  and  people,  lacking 
strength  in  numbers,  and  pecuniary  abil- 
ity, may  yet  be  able  to  employ  a  supply, 
so  long  as  they  can  raise  a  competent  sup- 
port, and  no  unpleasant  prejudice  will  be 
awakened  when  the  ministerial  relation  Is 
dissolved. 

'  If,  through  the  fickleness  of  the  people 
or  the  minister,  or  any  other  cause,  there 
is  no  reasonable  probability  of  a  long  pas- 
torate. Pastoral  ordination  is  objectiona- 
ble ;  for,  whenever  the  relation  Is  dis- 
solved by  Ecclesiastical  council,  a  preju- 
dice will  be  awakened  against  both  min- 
ister and  people. 

IV.  The  arguments  for,  and  objections 
to,  Evangelist  ordination. — It  is  urged  In 
favor  of  Evangelist  ordination,  that  while 
It  as  effectually  guards  the  induction  to 
the  ministry  of  unworthy  candidates.  It 
avoids  the  evils  resulting  from  Pastoral 
ordination.  We  have  already  seen,  that 
in  circumstances  where  permanency  of 
the  ministerial  relation  is  desirable,  one 
mode  has  no  advantage  over  the  other. 
In  other  circumstances  Evangelist  ordin- 
ation has  a  decided  advantage.  All  will 
admit,  that  If  the  ministerial  relation  to  a 
people  must  be  dissolved,  it  is  best  that  it 
be  done  in  that  way  which  Is  least  likely 
to  conflict  with  the  interests  of  both  min- 
ister and  people.  Evangelist  ordination 
secures  this  ;  for  the  relation  Is  dissolved 
in  a  quiet,  easy  manner,  by  mutual  con- 
sent. No  parade  of  the  fact  is  made  ;  no 
bitterness  engendered  ;  no  prejudice 
awakened.  But,  It  is  said,  that  "  churches 
in  these  circumstances  may  employ  stated 
supplies,  who  have  previously  been  or- 
dained as  pastors,  and  dismissed  from 
their  pastorates."  This  is  very  true,  but 
churches  may  choose  to  employ  for  their 
ministers,  young  men  who  are  just  enter- 


384 


Ordination. 


[Oct. 


ing  the  ministry ;  and  it  is  a  principle 
with  our  order,  that  "  churches  have  the 
right  to  choose  their  own  ministers."  We 
must  not  deprive  them  of  that  right. 
There  can  be  no  more  objection  to  the 
employment  of  a  young  man  as  stated  sup- 
ply, if  he  is  a  worthy  minister,  than  there 
is  to  the  employment  of  an  older  person, 
who  has  once  been  pastor.  If  the  em- 
ployment of  stated  supplies  is  to  be  sanc- 
tioned at  all,  there  can,  consistently,  be 
no  objection  to  Evangelist  ordination, 
from  those  who  sanction  it,  and  especially 
from  those  who  are,  themselves,  thus  em- 
ployed, unless  they  wish  to  discriminate 
against  young  men,  and  in  favor  of  older 
ministers,  or  of  self-interest.  But  it  is  said 
that  "  churches  in  these  circumstances 
may,  if  they  must  have  young  men,  em- 
ploy licentiates  as  stated  supplies  until 
they  are  ready  to  settle  them  as  pastors." 
They  may  not,  for  years,  be  ready  to  set- 
tle pastors.  All  will  admit  the  propriety 
of  delaying  the  ordination  to  the  ministry 
of  a  young  man  who  has  been  duly 
licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel  by  a  minis- 
terial association,  till,  on  a  suitable  proba- 
tion, he  has  shown  himself  worthy  of  his 
license.  But,  after  a  suitable  probation, 
in  which  he  has  proved  himself  worthy, 
great  injustice  will  be  done  him,  and  the 
Church  and  people  who  employ  him,  by 
refusing  ordination.  A  licentiate  who 
has  not  been  ordained,  has  no  right  to  ad- 
minister the  sacraments  of  Baptism,  and 
the  Lord's  Supper.  Yet  these  sacraments 
should  be  religiously  observed  by  the 
churches.  They  are  most  important  and 
impressive  to  Christian  people,  and  are 
of  salutary  influence  to  all  who  witness 
them.  It  is  said  that  "  licentiates  may 
exchange,  on  these  occasions,  with  or- 
dained ministers."  But  such  exchanges 
are  often  attended  with  great  inconve- 
nience. Moreover,  these  are  occasions 
when  ministers  most  wish  to  be  with  their 
own  people,  and  the  people  most  wish  the 
presence  of  their  own  minister.  The  ad- 
ministration of  these  sacraments  by  a 
stranger  is  not  likely  to  be  attended  with 


the  degree  of  profit  that  it  is  when  con- 
ducted by  their  own  minister.  Licenti- 
ates, too,  need  to  observe  these  sacra- 
ments as  much  as  the  churches,  but  if 
they  are  under  the  necessity  of  exchang- 
ing, on  these  occasions,  they  have  no  op- 
portunity of  so  doing.  If  a  minister's 
labors  are  blessed  to  the  conversion  of  sin- 
ners, there  naturally  and  properly  will 
exist  a  strong  bond  of  sympathy  and  affec- 
tion between  them,  and  the  desire  will  be 
most  properly  strong  on  the  part  of  both 
parties,  that  he  be  present  on  the  occasion 
of  their  making  a  public  profession  of 
their  faith,  receive  them  to  the  fellowship 
of  Christ's  Church,  and,  for  the  first  time, 
administer  to  them  the  emblems  of  their 
Saviour's  atoning  love.  But  if  he  is  un- 
der the  necessity  of  exchanging,  he  cannot 
even  be  present  to  witness  the  interesting 
rite  performed  by  another.  A  licentiate, 
who  has  not  been  ordained,  has  no  right 
to  solemnize  marriages.  But  a  people, 
naturally  and  properly,  desire  that  their 
own  minister  shall  solemnize  marriages 
among  them,  and  he,  naturally  and  prop- 
erly, desires  to  do  it ;  and,  usually,  the 
fees  for  such  service,  whether  large  or 
small,  are  quite  acceptable. 

Again,  it  is  urged  in  favor  of  Evange- 
list ordination,  that  in  many  cases  no 
other  mode  is  practicable.  This  is  true 
in  most  of  the  mission  fields  of  our  own 
and  foreign  lands.  In  many  of  them,  no 
organized  churches  exist  —  only  a  few 
scattered  disciples  of  Christ.  It  is  highly 
important  that  missionaries  who  labor  in 
these  fields  be  authorized  to  organize 
churches,  and  administer  the  sacraments. 
If  young  men  who  are  just  entering  the 
ministry  are  unemployed,  they  must  of 
necessity  be  ordained  as  Evangelists,  if 
ordained  at  all.  If  they  are  not  ordained, 
they  cannot  meet  important  obligations, 
and  will  therefore  be  excluded  from  these 
fields.  In  other  fields,  feeble  churches 
already  exist,  yet  are  not  able  to  secure 
a  permanent  ministry.  It  is  equally  im- 
portant that  missionaries  who  are  em- 
ployed be  ordained,  and  those  just  enter- 


I860.] 


Ordination. 


385 


ing  the  ministiy  must  be  ordained  as 
Evangelists.  But,  it  is  said,  "  these  fields 
may  be  occupied  by  ministers  •who  have 
previously  been  ordained  as  Pastors,  and 
dismissed  from  their  pastorates,  and  young 
men  may  go  to  those  fields,  where  they 
may  be  ordained  as  Pastors."  It  is  true  that 
many  old  ministers  who  have  retired  from 
pastorates  may  be  very  usefully  employed 
in  these  mission  fields ;  but  they  cannot 
monopolize  them  if  they  would,  and  should 
not,  if  they  could.  The  wants  of  these 
mission  fields,  particularly  in  our  own 
land,  are  somewhat  peculiar.  They  need 
the  labors  of  some  of  the  most  talented 
and  popular  as  well  as  the  most  devoted 
and  earnest  ministers  of  Christ.  They 
need  ministers  who  can  get  the  ears  of 
people  as  avenues  of  approach  to  their 
hearts — ministers  whose  physical  energies 
will  allow  them  not  only  to  make  a  work- 
shop of  their  "  study,"  but  also  to  visit 
and  talk  with  the  people,  ^oung  men 
who  are  just  entering  the  ministry  are 
just  the  laborers  needed.  Many  of  them, 
whose  talents  and  acquirements  would 
command  for  them  important  positions  in 
our  larger  towns  and  cities,  are  willing 
and  glad  to  spend  a  season  in  these  mission 
fields,  before  settling  permanently,  for  the 
sake  of  doing  good,  and  getting  discipline 
for  a  broader  usefulness.  If  they  are  de- 
nied Evangelist  ordination,  they  will  not 
and  cannot  thus  labor,  and  these  mission 
fields  will  be  unoccupied,  unless  ministers 
who  have  retired  from  pastorates  are  em- 
ployed. 

There  are  various  objections  urged 
against  Evangelist  ordination,  but,  to  the 
wrltei',  they  seem  not  well  founded.  It  Is 
said  that  "  Evangelist  ordination  is  un- 
scrlptural  and  uncongregatlonal."  But,  If 
we  read  correctly,  in  the  apostolic  times 
servants  of  Christ,  clothed  with  the  autho- 
rity of  Gospel  ministers,  went  forth  to 
preach  Christ  and  him  crucified  wherever 
the  providence  of  God  opened  the  way.^ 

1  Matt,  xxviii  :  19,  20.  Acts  viii :  4,  5, 14,  26  ;  ix  : 
20,  26-28,  32  ;  X :  34 ;  xi :  1-18,  22,  23,  25,  26  ;  xiii : 
4-6, 13, 14  J  xiv  :  19-28 ;  xy  :  36,  41 ;  xtu  :  20. 


They  closed  their  labors  in  one  place  and 
went  to  another,  without  the  intervention 
of  an  Ecclesiastical  council  to  dissolve  the 
ministerial  relation.^  Moreover,  It  is  Con- 
gregational, that  "  each  Church  shall 
choose  its  own  ministers,"  "  each  Church 
Is  Independent  of  any  external  ecclesias- 
tical authority,"  and  "  has  the  Inherent 
right  to  change  Its  ministers,  without  ask- 
ing permission,  or  even  advice,  of  other 
churches."  This  Is  surely  in  harmony 
with  Evangelist  ordination. 

Again,  "  In  so  grave  a  matter  as  chang- 
ing ministers,  churches  should  ask  and 
take  advice."  But  who  is  so  well  quali- 
fied to  decide  what  is  best  as  the  parties 
interested,  minister  and  Church  ?  More- 
over, councils  almost  invariably  grant  the 
dissolution  sought,  or.  If  one  council  refuse, 
another  is  called,  and  so  on  till  at  last, 
minister  and  people  secure  their  own  way, 
though  It  may  be  "  through  much  tribula- 
tion." 

Again,  "  Its  tendency  is  to  promote  fre- 
quent changes."  This  objection  has  al- 
ready been  shown  to  be  without  founda- 
tion, excepting  In  cases  where  changes 
ought  to  take  place. 

Again,  "  Its  tendency  is  to  produce  a 
dearth  of  revivals."  Facts  show  that  God 
has  as  much  blessed  the  labors  of  "  Evan- 
gelists "  as  of  "  Pastors,"  to  the  conver- 
sion of  sinners,  to  the  upbuilding  of  the 
churches,  and  to  the  promotion  of  the  gen- 
eral interests  of  Christ's  cause. 

Again,  "  There  are  already  too  many 
stated  supplies  for  the  best  Interests  of 
religion."  Granting  the  force  of  this 
objection,  how  shall  the  evil  be  remedied  ? 
Not  by  refusing  Evangelist  ordination, 
and  compelling  young  men  to  labor  in 
those  fields  where  they  are  not  prepared 
to  settle  as  permanent  Pastors,  as  simple 
licentiates  without  ordination ;  for  this 
only  Introduces  greater  evils,  without 
diminishing,  materially,  the  number  of 
stated  supplies.  But  stated  supplies  must 
decline  to  continue  labor  in  the  minis- 

2  Acts  viii :  25  ;  xi  :  2 ;  xii :  25  ;  xiii :  51 ;  xiv  :  21— 
28  ;  xTi :  6—13 ;  xtu  :  32,  33 ;  xx  :  16. 


386  Churches  in  Portage  and  Summit  Counties,  Ohio.       [Oct. 


try,  unless  tbey  are  "  called  to  the  pas- 
torate," and  installed  over  particular 
churches.  If  they  will  not  do  this  they 
cannot  consistently  plead  conscientious 
objections  to  Evangelist  ordination,  on 
the  ground  that  it  encourages  churches  to 
employ  stated  supplies,  instead  of  having 
settled  pastors.  But,  if  this  position  is 
taken,  what  shall  become  of  those  fields, 
where  permanent  pastors  cannot  be  set- 
tled ?  We  may  lament  that  these  fields  are 
in  no  better  spiritual  condition,  but  their 
condition  must  be  met  as  it  is.  Are  the 
interests  of  religion  injured  by  meeting 
the  wants  of  these  fields  in  the  only  way 
in  which  they  can  be  met  ?  Are  we  pre- 
pared to  take  the  ground  that  only  those 
churches  who  are  sti'ong,  united  and  able, 
shall  have  ministerial  labor,  while  the  fee- 
ble churches  must  be  left  destitute  till 
they  attain  strength  enough  to  settle  pas- 
tors ?  Are  churches  strengthened  and 
built  up  by  being  left  destitute  ? 

V.  The  expediency  of  each  mode  under 
certain  circumstances. — With  this  view 
before  us,  we  are  prepared  to  consider 
the  relative  expediency  of  the  two  modes 
of  ordination.  We  have  found  that  the 
leading  idea  of  Pastoral  ordination,  is  that 
of  permanency  in  the  ministerial  relation 
to  a  particular  Church.  Hence  in  those 
circumstances  only,  where  permanency 
is  expected  and  is  desirable,  should  this 
mode  of  induction  to  the  ministry,  be 
resorted  to.  AA^e  may  hope  to  have  such 
circumstances  connected  with  many  of 
our  churches.  We  may  pray  for  them 
in  all.     But  we  must  deal  with  circum- 


stances as  they  are,  and  we  know  that 
those  which  are  desirable,  do  not  always 
exist.  We  have  found  that  in  all  other 
cases.  Evangelist  ordination  is  adapted  to 
existing  circumstances,  and  even  where 
permanency  is  expected  or  desirable,  it  is 
as  well  adapted  as  Pastoral  ordination. 
If,  then,  we  can  have  but  one  mode  of 
ordination,  the  Evangelist  mode  is  the  one 
to  be  adopted  ;  for,  it  is  applicable  to  all 
cases,  while  Pastoral  ordination  is  adapted 
to  special  cases  only. 

Congregationalism  recognizes  but  two 
orders  of  Church  officers.  Ministers  and 
Deacons.  We  confess  that  we  do  not  like 
to  see  in  the  statistical  tables  of  our 
churches  a  distinction  made  in  the  minis- 
try of  pastors  and  stated  supplies.  We 
conceive  that  there  is  no  real  difference 
in  the  relation  of  ministers  to  particular 
churches,  so  long  as  the  relation  continues. 
Where  there  is  no  difference,  no  distinc- 
tion should  be  made.  We  do  not  exactly 
like  the  term,  stated  supply,  as  applied  to 
ministers  of  Christ,  because  it  Is  not  found 
among  the  Scripture  terms  that  are  ap- 
plied to  them.  We  should  be  glad  If  all 
our  churches  would  adopt  the  Evangelist 
mode  of  ordination  essentially  as  the  only 
mode.  We  would  have  It  called  in  every 
case,  "  Ordination  to  the  work  of  the 
Gospel  ]\IInistry,"  leaving  ministers  and 
churches  free  to  form  connection  for  stated 
time,  or  permanently,  as  they  saw  fit;  and 
to  dissolve  that  connection  whenever  mu- 
tually desired,  with  or  without  asking  ad- 
vice of  an  Ecclesiastical  council,  as  the 
parties  might  elect. 


CONGREGATIONAL   CHURCHES  IN  PORTAGE  AND   SUMMIT 
COUNTIES,   OHIO. 

BY    REV.    JOHN    C.    HAET,    KAVENNA,    OHIO. 

(Continued  from  p.  272.) 
CiiARLESTOWN  is  No.  3,  7th  range.    It     Baker,  pastor,  April   3,1811 


was  settled  by  emigrants  from  IMassachu- 
setts  and  Connecticut.  Population  in 
1850,  809.  The  Church  was  organized 
in   West    Granville,  Ms.,   by   Pev.  Joel 


Six  per- 
sons united  In  the  organization,  who  im- 
mediately emigrated  to  Ohio.  They  first 
worshiped  in  a  log  house  at  the  center. 
The  present  house  was  built  in  1830.    For 


I860.]     Churches  in  Portage  and  Summit  Counties,  Ohio.  387 


several  years  tliey  appear  to  have  had  only 
occasional  preaching.  The  Rev.  Caleb 
Pitkin  was  installed  pastor,  by  the  Grand 
River  Presbytery,  April  22,  1817;  and 
was  dismissed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Port- 
age Jan.  12,  1827,  by  request  of  Mr.  Pitkin, 
and  the  concurrence  of  the  Church, — be- 
cause of  incompetent  support.  Rev.  David 
L.  Coe  was  installed  pastor,  Jan.  16, 
1828;  dismissed  April  22,  1832.  Rev. 
W.  Swift  was  subsequently  employed  for 
a  season.  The  Rev.  James  Eells  was 
s.  s.  from  1834,  some  three  years.  Rev. 
C.  B.  Clark  was  installed  pastor,  Feb.  1, 
1837;  dismissed  Sept.  17,  1841.  From 
this  time  to  1858,  there  was  no  preaching 
in  this  Church,  to  him  who  went  out,  or 
to  him  who  came  in. 

The  causes  of  trouble  seem  to  have 
been  : — 1.  The  employment  of  a  Freewill 
Baptist  minister,  to  aid  the  pastor  in  a 
time  of  unusual  religious  interest.  2.  Di- 
vision in  respect  to  the  connection  of 
the  Church  with  Presbytery.  3.  Diver- 
sity of  views  on  the  subject  of  slavery.  4. 
Backwardness  in  sustaining  the  institu- 
tions of  the  gospel. 

The  symptoms  of  dissention,  as  exhi- 
bited in  the  records,  appear  first  in  a 
protracted  case  of  discipline,  growing  out 
of  the  opposition  to  the  Freewill  Baptist 
minister ;  then  in  the  resignation  of  sev- 
eral of  the  officers  of  the  Church,  in  1S40  ; 
the  dismission  of  their  minister,  in  1841  ; 
in  a  motion  to  appoint  a  committee  to 
inquire  into  the  cause  of  their  difficulties, 
May  5,  1840  ;  in  inviting  counsel  from 
Presbytery,  and  the  appointment  of  a 
committee,  by  that  body,  to  visit  the 
Church,  on  the  5th  of  Dec,  1840.  This 
committee  spent  much  time  with  the 
Church,  and  gave  them  such  advice  as 
seemed  good,  and  removed,  by  consent, 
and  in  presence  of  the  Church,  a  portion 
of  the  records.  The  proposition  to  with- 
draw from  Presbytery  was  introduced  and 
carried  Sept.  29th,  1842,  thirteen  to  ten. 
This  request  came  before  Presbytery,  Apr. 
4,  1843,  but  the  Presbytery  did  not  accord 
to  it,  for  these  reasons  : 
VOL.  II.  41 


1.  "  Presbytery  cannot,  in  good  faith, 
drive  off  from  their  fellowship,  those  who 
wish  to  retain  their  present  connection, 
as  about  one  half  of  the  Church  wish  to 
do." 

2.  "  The  authority  of  the  Presbytery 
extends  only  to  the  churches,  and  not  to 
the  individual  members ;  the  Presbytery 
cannot,  therefore,  grant  the  request  of 
petitioners,  and  thereby  divide  the 
Church." 

April  25,  1843,  the  following  proposi- 
tion was  introduced,  in  a  meeting  of  the 
Church.  "  Believing  that  we  honestly  dif- 
fei-,  in  many  things,  especially  in  Church 
Government,  in  connection  with  Presby- 
tery : — Resolved  :  that  we  peaceably  sep- 
arate." April  26,  1843,  thirty-two  mem- 
bers withdrew  and  formed  what  was  called 
the  Free  Congregational  Church,  in 
Charlestown.  This  body  built  a  house 
for  public  worship,  and  a  school,  and  con- 
tinued separate  worship,  about  ten  years, 
being  supplied  by  Revs.  Messrs.  S.  C. 
Leonard,  William  Burr,  and  J.  Orvis. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  the  records 
so  as  to  have  the  number  of  subsequent 
additions.  The  first  Church  was  supplied 
by  Revs.  J.  Wllkins,  A.  Y.  Tuttle,  and 
Robert  Hunter,  the  last  of  whom  was  aid- 
ed by  the  Am.  Home  Miss.  Society. 

April  1,  1850,  under  the  ausjjices  of 
Mr.  Hunter,  a  proposition  was  made  by 
the  first  Church,  to  the  free  Church,  to 
unite.  This  was  discussed  three  days, 
(April  22,  and  26)  the  principles  of  the 
union  were  agreed  upon,  and  the  union 
supposed  to  be  consummated,  ]\Iay  10, 
1850.  A  few  members  of  the  first  Church 
were  not  present,  but  were  supposed  to  be 
consenting  thereto.  These  still  claimed  to 
be  the  fii'st  Church,  and,  by  their  delegate, 
applied  to  Presbytery  for  advice,  Sept.  3, 
1850.  (It  is  believed  a  commitee  of  Pres- 
bytery was  appointed  to  visit  the  Church, 
of  which  I'find  no  record,  certainly  mem- 
bers of  that  body  visited  them,  and  ad- 
vised the  dissatisfied  to  assent  to  the 
Union.)  Finally,  the  Presbyteiy  voted, 
April,  1851,  "  that  the  Church  represented 


388  Churches  in  Tortage  and  Summit  Counties,  Ohio.       [Oct. 


-,  the  delegate  from  Charles- 


by 

town,  is  the  first  Congregational   Church 
in  Charlestown. 

The  Church  was  now  divided  in  another 
direction,  and  resembled  a  tree,  the  large 
branches  of  which  had  been  torn  off  by 
winds,  and  the  remainder  struck  and  shiv- 
ered by  liglitning.  The  union  Church 
returned  to  their  former  place  of  worship, 
and  continued  for  several  years  under  the 
care  of  Rev.  J.  Orvis.  The  first  Church 
invited  the  Methodists,  whose  house  had 
been  blown  down,  to  meet  with  them, 
which  they  did  for  several  years.  At 
length,  under  the  influence  of  Mr.  Orvis, 
(a  union  man,)  the  other  Church  came 
in,  a  joint  committee  was  appointed  to 
supply  the  pulpit,  for  that  half  of  the  time 
not  occupied  by  the  Methodists.  Thus 
they  made  a  very  pleasant  congregation. 
But,  at  length,  a  Mr.  Payne,  whose  view 
of  the  Church  was  that  it  should  consist 
of  all  the  Christian  people  in  a  place, 
coming  together  without  creed  or  cove- 
nant, and  coming  to  the  communion,  each 
on  his  own  responsibility,  and  who  gave 
great  umbrage  to  some  Christian  people, 
by  the  doctrines  he  taught,  was  intro- 
duced. This  led  to  an  injunction  by  each 
party  upon  the  other,  forbidding  the  use 
of  the  house,  and  instituting  two  suits  in 
the  county  court.  In  this  state  of  things, 
the  Puritan  Association,  at  their  meeting 
in  August,  1858,  appointed  a  committee, 
to  confer  with  the  people  of  Charlestown ; 
and,  if  they  should  be  willing,  to  call  a 
council  of  ministers  and  delegates,  to  con- 
fer with  them,  and  designating,  also,  the 
churches  to  be  called.  This  committee 
was  joyfully  received.  A  council,  consist- 
ing of  the  ministers  and  delegates  of  five 
neighboring  churches,  was  called,  and  met 
in  September,  and  found  a  very  universal 
desire  for  peace  and  union.  A  pajier  was 
prepared,  to  be  signed  by  all  the  mem- 
bers ;  by  which  they  pledged  themselves, 
either  to  unite  with  the  new  organization, 
or  take  letters  to  some  neighboring 
Church,  so  that  both  should  be  dissolved  ; 
and  agreed  to  drop  all  legal  proceedings, 


and  allow  the  property  to  go  into  the 
hands  of  the  new  organization,  which  was 
to  be  incorporated.  Neither  of  the  former 
organizations  was  incorporated,  and  the 
meeting-house  was  partly  on  the  public 
square,  and  partly  on  land  of  which  the 
Society  had  no  deed.  This  paper  was 
signed  by  all  of  one  party,  and  nearly  all 
of  the  other,  and  the  union  was  consum- 
mated at  a  subsequent  meeting  by  a  com- 
mittee of  council ;  and  the  court,  at  its 
next  session,  put  the  property  into  the 
hands  of  the  trustees  of  the  incorporated 
society  of  the  Congregational  Church,  in 
Charlestown,  the  first  in  the  place.  Since 
this  time  the  Church  has  been  gaining  in 
harmony  and  strength,  has  repaired  and 
painted  the  meeting-house,  built  sheds,  ob- 
tained a  minister.  Rev.  John  L.  Seymour, 
and  has  a  flourishing  Sabbath  School,  but 
most  of  the  members  of  the  society  are 
young  men,  who  have  hitherto  taken  no 
part  in  the  transactions  of  any  society. 
The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  the 
only  other  Church  in  the  place. 

Revivals  in  later  years  have  been  few 
In  early  years  this  was  the  leading  Church 
in  the  county.  It  reported  90  members, 
in  1839.  Sixty-one  were  connected  with 
the  union  Ciiurch,  in  1850,  and  there  were 
some  eight  or  ten  malcontents.  Thirty- 
two  covenanted  to  walk  together  as  a 
Church  of  Christ,  in  1858. 


Edinburgh  is  No.  2,  7th  range.  It  was 
settled  by  emigrants  from  Connecticut, 
population  in  1850,  1,101.  The  Congre- 
gational Church  was  organized  Jan.  9, 
1823,  with  eight  members,  by  Rev.  Messrs. 
Caleb  Pitkin,  and  Charles  B.  Storrs.  The 
Rev.  Messrs.  Samuel  Bissell,  Eli  Adams, 
and  Joseph  Merriam,  were  the  stated  sup- 
plies at  an  early  day.  Rev.  Loomis  Chan- 
dler, a  graduate  of  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege and  Theol.  Sem.,  became  first  pastor, 
in  1843,  and  continued  pastor  some  six  or 
eight  years,  since  which,  Rev.  Messrs.  Wil- 
lard  Burr,  Friend  A.  Doming,  and  W.  T. 
Torrey,  have  supplied  the  Church  at  dif- 
ferent periods. 


I860.]      Churches  in  Portage  and  SummU  Counties,  Ohio. 


t59 


Rev.  Benj.  Fenn  is  the  present  supply. 

The  Church,  at  its  organization,  became 
connected  with  Portage  Presbytery,-  by  a 
unanimous  vote.  It  withdrew  from  that 
connection,  also,  by  a  unanimous  vote, 
April  3,  1844.  Dec.  21,  1841,  it  united 
with  other  churches  in  forming  the  conso- 
ciation of  Portage  and  Summit  counties, 
and  continued  in  that  connection  till  the 
dissolution  of  the  body,  Oct.  7,  1851.  In 
1853,  it  united  with  the  Puritan  Confer- 
rence,  and  still  retains  that  connection. 

There  have  been  several  seasons  of 
religious  revival,  in  connection  with  the 
ordinary  means  of  grace,  but  none  of 
power  or  large  extent. 

The  only  serious  controversy,  which 
has  agitated  the  Church,  arose  from  some 
trivial  cause  of  contention,  between  two 
neighbors,  which  appears  not  to  have  been 
attended  to,  according  to  the  direction  of 
the  Gospel,  but  divided  the  Church  into 
parties,  and  in  despite  of  meetings  of  con- 
ciliation, committees  and  councils,  agitated 
it  some  fourteen  years,  sent  away  the  pas- 
tor, and  stopped  the  growth  of  the  Church, 
and  was  finally  adjusted  by  the  untiring 
efforts  of  Rev.  Mr.  Torrey.  Members  at 
organization  8,  added  by  profession  73,  by 
letter  54,  total  135. 

Tlie  Church  has  a  small,  but  comforta- 
ble meeting-house,  is  aided  by  the  H.  M. 
S.,  and  is  in  a  more  hopeful  condition 
than  it  has  been  for  many  years. 


Franklin  is  No.  3,  9th  range.  Popula- 
tion in  1850,  1,600.  Colonized  from  New 
England.  The  Church  was  organized, 
June  18,  1819,  by  Rev.  Caleb  Pitkin,  and 
Rev.  Simeon  Woodruff,  with  seven  mem- 
bers. There  is,  besides,  an  Episcopal,  a 
Methodist,  and  a  Disciples'  Church.  At 
an  earlier  period,  there  was  a  Baptist 
Church,  which  has  become  extinct. 

The  Revs.  ]Messrs.  Joseph  Treat,  and 
Charles  B.  Storrs,  supplied  the  pulpit  oc- 
easionally,  till  1825,  when  the  Church 
called  the  Rev.  George  Sheldon,  who  was 
installed  pastor,  Oct.  4,  and  continued 
pastor  till  Feb.  24,  1831,  when  he  was 


dismissed.  From  this  time  to  1836,  the 
Revs.  Messrs.  John  Hughes,  Joel  Goodell, 
and  Richard  Graham  supplied  the  jiulpit 
at  various  times.  The  Rev.  George  Shel- 
don was  installed  pastor,  the  second  time, 
Sept.  8,  1836,  and  was  dismissed,  to  be- 
come financial  agent  of  W.  R.  College, 
April  4,  1837.  The  Church  immediately 
gave  a  unanimous  call  to  Rev.  Samuel 
W.  Burritt,  who  was  installed  pastor,  Sept. 
19,  1837,  and  continued  pastor  till  1841. 
(The  precise  dates  not  found.) 

1841  to  1843,  Rev.  Sherlock  Bristol,  s.s. 

1843  to  1846,  Rev.  Henry  Bates,  s.s. 

1846  to  1850,  Rev.  Ira  Tracy,  s.s. 

1850  to  1853,  Prof.  N.  P.  Barrows,  of  "W. 
R.  C,  C.  B.  Stearns,  and  W.  D.  San- 
ders, licentiates. 

March  11,  1853,  John  A.  Seymour,  became 
S.S., — was  ordained  Jan.  2,  1854,  dis- 
missed August  18,  1856. 

From  Sept.  30,  1856,  to  Nov.  1859,  Rev.  T. 
M.  DwiGHT,  s.s. 

From  Nov.  1859,  to  May,  1860,  Edwin  "W. 
Child,  licentiate. 

The  Church  is,  at  present,  supplied 
half  the  time,  each  Sabbath,  in  connection 
with  Streetsboro',  by  Prof.  H.  B.  Hosford, 
late  of  W.  R.  C. 

The  Church,  at  its  organization,  be- 
came connected  with  Presbytery  on  the 
plan  of  Union.  Sept.  30,  1834,  its  form  of 
govei-nment  was  changed  to  Presbyterian. 
Sept.  17,  1839,  it  again  changed  its  form 
to  Congregational ;  withdrew  from  Pres- 
bytery about  the  same  time ;  Dec.  21, 
1841,  united  with  the  other  churches,  in 
forming  a  Consociation,  with  which  it  con- 
tinued till  the  dissolution  of  that  body,  in 
1851  ;  and  united  with  the  Puritan  Con- 
ference, in  1857,  with  which  it  continues. 

In  March  and  April,  1840,  a  revival 
occurred,  in  connection  with  a  protracted 
meeting,  conducted  by  Rev.  John  G. 
Avery,  as  the  fruit  of  which,  47  became 
connected  with  the  Church,  by  profession, 
and  7  by  letter.  In  connection  with  the 
labors  of  Rev.  Mr.  Dwight,  in  the  winter 
of  1858,  while  their  house  was  building, 
and  the  congregation  was  worshiping 
with  the  Methodist  Church,  a  revival 
was  enjoyed,  in  connection  with  which, 
some  50  were  united  with  the  Church. 


390 


Keeping  our  oiun  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


The  Cuyahoga  river  runs  through  the 
center  of  the  town,  and  has  a  foil,  and 
water  power.  In  1837,  large  plans  were 
formed  for  manufactories,  and  large  spe- 
culations were  entered  upon,  from  the 
bursting  of  which  bubbles,  the  town  has 
never  fully  recovered.  It  is  exposed  to 
frequent  and  gj'eat  changes  of  population. 

Seven  persons  united  to  form  the 
Church  ;  1.50  have  since  been  added  by 
letter,  167  by  profession  ;  total,  321.  Pre- 
sent number,  89. 

The  congregation  erected  a  very  neat 
brick  meeting-house,  in  1858.  The  effort 
to  do  this,  doubtless,  proved  a  means  of 
grace.  The  Church  has  a  very  flourish- 
ing Sabbath  Scliool,  and  its  prospects  for 
the  future  are  good. 


Hiram  is  No.  5,  7th  range.  Population 
in  1850,  1,106.  The  Disciples  have  a 
large  denominational  school  at  this  place, 
and  the  principal  Church.  Several  years 
since,  a  project  was  formed,  for  establish- 
ing manufactures,  at  the  Cuyahoga  Ra- 
pids, in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  town  ;  con- 
nected with  this,  were  som.e  Christian  men, 
who  organized  a  Congregational  Church. 
But  it  never  bad  a  pastor,  and  the  enter- 
prise not  succeeding,  as  was  hoped,  the 
members  dispersed,  and  the  Church  was 
disbanded,  so  that  no  one  is  known  to  be 
left,  to  give  its  history. 


CoRKECTioN. — Aurora,  No.  5,  9th  range.  By  error 
of  the  transcriber,  the  name  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  S. 
Graves,  who  has  been  s.s.  of  the  Church  in  Aurora, 
from  Sept.  1, 1856,  to  the  present  time,  vras  omitted. 


KEEPING  OUR  OWN  VINEYARD.' 


BY    HEV.    ABIJAH   p.    MAHVIN,    pastor    of    the    ZiORTH    CHURCH,    WINCHEXDON',    MS. 


They  made  me  the  keeper  of  the  vineyards ; 
but  mine  own  vineyard  have  I  not  ke]}t. 

Song  of  Solomon,  i :  5. 

Our  vine  was  planted  in  the  winter  of 
1620,  at  Plymouth.  It  was  of  a  hardy 
stock,  and  took  root,  notwithstanding  the 
asperity  of  its  situation  ;  and  by  the  bless- 
ing of  God,  it  has  evinced  a  tenacity  of 
life  which  nothing  can  destroy. 

Our  vineyartl,  at  first,  was  small,  but 
it  has  enlarged  continually,  until  it  now 
extends  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
and  as  far  from  North  to  South  as  we 
i  choose,  or  have  power  to  cultivate.  We 
have  been  long  in  coming  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  this  fact,  having  suffered  ourselves 
to  be  persuaded,  by  our  mother's  other 
children,  that  all  the  continent,  west  of 
New  England,  belonged  to  their  vine- 
yards, which  it  was  our  duty  to  keep, 
whatever  became  of  our  own.  But  we 
are  learning,  at  last,  what  the  other  mem- 
bers of  the  family  have  long  known,  that 
it  is  best  for  each  one  to  cultivate   his 

1  a  Discourse,  delivered  .Tune  26,  ISfjO,  in  the  Meet- 
ing-house of  the  Congregational  Church,  Ilolliston, 
before  the  General  Association  of  Massachusetts, 


own  vineyard,  while  all  labor  with  a  fra- 
ternal spirit,  under  the  "  Great  Task-mas- 
ter's eye." 


done  a  great  work  during  the  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  years  that  have  passed 
avmy  since  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims. 
The  men  and  women  who  followed  Rob- 
inson to  Holland,  and  who  came  thence 
to  the  Old  Colony,  with  Brewster  for 
their  religious  guide,  were  Congregation- 
alists  from  principle ;  and  after  thorough 
investigation  of  the  Scriptures,  as  well  as 
ecclesiastical  history,  they  i-enounced 
hierarchy,  episcopacy,  oligarchy  and  rit- 
ualism, and  formed  a  Church  of  Christian 
people,  who  were  to  exercise  the  power 
of  discipline,  while  they  honored  the 
ministry,  and  implicitly  follov/ed  the 
teachings  of  the  Bible.  This  was  the  ori- 
giti  of  religious  affairs  in  Plymouth.  As 
other  settlements  were  formed  in  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  in  New  Haven,  in  Connecti- 
cut, in  New  Hampshire  and  iMaine,  the 
churches  generally  settled  down  on  the 


I860.] 


Keeping  our  oim  Vineyard. 


391 


same  basts.  Some  who  came  over  in 
the  early  days,  were  connected  with  the 
established  Church  of  England.  Others 
were  inclined  to  the  Presbyterian  form  of 
Church  order.  But  the  situation  of  the 
early  settlers  in  a  new  country,  where  all 
were  in  a  condition  so  near  to  social 
equality,  had  a  strong  tendency  towards 
freedom  and  equality  In  the  Church.  Be- 
sides this  tendency,  we  are  to  remember 
that  the  influence  of  the  churches  in  the 
Old  Colony,  and  especially  the  Church  in 
Plymouth,  was  not  small.  Through  the 
agency  of  Dr.  Fuller  and  others,  much 
was  done  to  mold  and  establish  the  ear- 
ly churches  in  accordance  with  the  in- 
structions of  the  New  Testament.  And 
so  it  came  to  pass  that  Independent  or 
Congregational  churches  were  planted  in 
all  the  Eastern  colonies  except  Rhode  Isl- 
and, which  was  settled  chiefly  by  Bap- 
tists and  Friends.  As  the  population  in- 
creased and  moved  westward,  the  church- 
es were  multiplied  to  meet  their  wants. 
The  first  generation  of  settlers  were  un- 
der the  necessity  of  raising  up  successors 
to  their  own  ministers,  and  at  least,  an 
equal  number  to  preach  the  Gospel  in  the 
new  settlements  which  were  constantly 
forming.  In  addition,  they  soon  under- 
took the  work  of  evangelizing  the  Indian 
tribes  within  their  reach.  This  was  the 
origin  of  the  American  Home  Missionary 
work,  which  has  been  in  operation  more 
than  two  hundred  years,  which  must  go 
forward  until  all  the  land  is  filled  with 
people,  and  all  the  people  are  supplied 
with  the  means  of  grace. 

The  great  mass  of  those  who  formed 
the  first  settlements,  were  of  one  mind  in 
matters  of  doctrine,  and  policy ;  yet  there 
were  a  few  Episcopalians,  Baptists,  and 
Quakers  in  the  colonies,  before  a  great 
many  years  had  elapsed.  These  have 
had  their  natural  increase.  Besides  these, 
there  were  not  a  few  who  came  over  in 
the  employ  of  the  chief  settlers,  of  some 
of  whom  it  may  be  said,  that  they 
were  not  members  of  the  Church,  and 
there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  they 
VOL.  II.  41* 


were  personally  interested  in  religion. 
But  after  making  these  deductions,  the 
fact  remains  that  the  Puritan  Congrega- 
tionalists  were  the  bulk  of  the  population, 
and  were  responsible  to  God  for  the  re- 
ligious condition  of  the  colonies.  They 
felt  this  responsibility,  and  at  once  began 
to  meet  it.  There  is  no  need  of  reciting 
their  deeds  in  laying  the  foundations  of 
the  State,  the  Church,  and  the  system  of 
education,  which  the  civilized  world  has 
been  admiring,  and  striving  to  imitate 
ever  since.  It  is  enough  to  say  that  they 
formed  new  towns  as  fast  as  they  were 
needed  by  new  centers  of  population,  and 
thus  made  all  the  people  self-governing ; 
that  they  filled  the  land  with  school- 
houses  and  academies  ;  that  they  set  up  a 
college,  in  which  the  choice  youth  were 
trained  for  places  of  honor  and  useful- 
ness ;  and  that  churches  were  established 
on  every  "  heaven-kissing  hill,"  and  in 
every  fair  valley,  where  there  were  peo- 
ple enough  to  need  and  sustain  a  minister 
of  the  gospel.  In  thirty  years  from  the 
settlement  of  Plymouth,  there  were  thir- 
ty-six churches  already  founded.  As 
this  was  but  twenty  years  from  the  settle- 
ment of  Boston,  and  about  fifteen  after 
the  founding  of  Hartford,  it  is  seen  how 
closely  the  churches  kept  pace  with  the 
new  settlements.  "Inl69G,"  according 
to  Dr.  Stiles,  "  there  were  one  hundred 
and  thirty  churches  in  all  New  Eng- 
land. As  these  had  increased  to  five 
hundred  and  thirty  in  1760,  the  propor- 
tion of  doubling  is  once  in  thirty  years." 
By  the  computation  of  Pres.  Stiles,  the 
population  of  New  England,  amounted  to 
half  a  million.  Of  these,  about  sixty-one 
thousand  belonged  to  Episcopal,  Baptist, 
and  other  denominations,  leaving  the  re- 
mainder,— about  four  hundred  and  forty 
thousand, — for  the  "  denomination  of  Con- 
gregationalists."  In  other  words,  about 
seven-eighths  were  of  our  faith  and  poli- 
ty. During  the  hundred  years  that  have 
intervened,  the  population  has  increased 
more  than  six  fold,  if  we  include  the  im- 
migration  of  the  last  twenty  years,  and 


392 


Keeping  our  own  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


not  much  less  than  that  if  we  count  only 
the  descendants  of  those  who  were  in  the 
country  in  1650.  In  the  same  time  the 
Congregational  churches  have  increased 
to  about  fourteen  hundred  and  twenty, 
which  is  less  than  a  three-fold  increase, 
since  the  churches  are  probably  not  larg- 
er on  the  average  than  they  were  a  hun- 
dred years  since.  But  the  people  of  New 
England  origin  have  not  been  confined 
within  her  narrow  bounds.  They  have 
peopled  the  Middle  and  Western  States 
by  millions,  and  have  built  up  churches 
after  the  pattern  at  home,  to  such  an  ex- 
tent that  there  are  now  nearly  three 
thousand  Congregational  churches  in  our 
country.  In  the  meantime,  schools,  acad- 
mies,  colleges,  and  theological  seminaries, 
have  been  founded  in  full  proportion  to 
our  educational  wants.  Moreover,  benev- 
olent societies  for  various  purposes  have 
been  orijanized,  which  are  working  with 
.  vigor  and  success,  in  evangelizing  the 
destitute  of  our  own  and  other  lands. 
Congregationalism  has  taken  deep  root  in 
all  the  Western  States,  and  is  preparing  to 
plant  new  churches  as  fast  as  may  be,  for 
the  population  that  is  to  fill  the  vast  space 
between  Missouri  and  Oregon,  Minnesota 
and  California.  And  while  this  woik  of 
establishing  churches  has  been  goinfj  for- 
ward,  our  divines  have  been  enriching 
the  theology  of  the  Church  universal,  with 
works  of  unsurpassed  interest  and  wisdom. 
We  can  point  to  a  long  list  of  authors, 
from  Willard,  the  Mathers,  and  Edwards, 
to  Stuart,  Woods,  and  Taylor,  who  would 
be  ornaments  to  any  denomination,  and 
are  the  glory  of  ours. 

After  this  hasty  glance  at  what  has 
been  done  in  our  vineyard,  we  can  use 
the  words  of  the  psalmist  in  celebrating  the 
goodness  of  the  Lord  to  our  vine  :  "  Tliou 
hast  brought  a  vine  out  of — the  old  world  ; 
— thou  hast  cast  out  the  heathen  and  plant- 
ed it.  Thou  preparedst  room  before  it,  and 
didst  cause  it  to  take  deep  root,  and  it 
filled  the  land.  The  hills  were  covered 
with  the  shadow  of  it,  and  the  boughs 
thereof  were  like  the  goodly  cedars.    She 


sent  out  her  boughs  unto  the  sea,  and  her 
branches  unto  the  river." 

But  hard  and  unwelcome  facts  compel 
us  to  give  this  reverse  of  that  picture. 
Over  against  what  we,  as  Congregational- 
ists,  have  done  for  our  vineyard,  is  to  be 
placed  what  we  have  not  done.  For,  to 
a  degree  which  reflects  no  credit  upon  us 
as  a  denomination,  the  language  of  the 
the  text  is  applicable  :  "  Mine  own  vine- 
yard have  I  not  kept."  A  view  of  the 
facts  will  subdue  all  disposition  to  resent 
this  assertion.  During  the  century  since 
Dr.  Stiles  made  his  computation,  our  half 
million  of  souls  has  increased  beyond  his 
figures.  Instead  of  eight  millions,  as  he 
supposed  would  be  the  fact  in  1860,  there 
are  not  far  from  ten  millions  of  descend- 
ants of  the  New  England  Puritans.  They 
are  in  the  old  hive,  in  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Northern  Pennsylvania,  and  all 
the  West,  in  masses,  while  thousands  of 
them  are  mixed  up  with  the  population 
of  the  Southern  States.  They  have  a  little 
more  than  doubled  in  every  twenty-five 
years.  According  to  our  author,  the  num- 
ber of  Congregationalists  ought  to  be  about 
seven  millions,  and  that  of  the  other  de- 
nominations not  far  from  one  million.  In 
fact,  there  ought  to  be  in  the  whole  coun- 
try more  than  eight  millions  of  souls  in 
connection  with  Orthodox  Congregational 
parishes,  and  under  the  direct  influence  of 
our  ministry  and  churches.  This  is  a  stu- 
pendous fact,  and  ought  to  be  solemnly 
pondered.  Dr.  Stiles  was  not  extrava- 
gant in  his  calculations.  These  have 
been  exceeded  by  the  actual  increase  of 
the  descendants  of  the  Puritan  stock, 
though  New  England  has  not  been 
able  to  retain  half  of  them  within  her 
bounds.  But  his  hopes  respecting  the  en- 
largement of  the  Congregational  denomi- 
nation have  been  sadly  defeated.  Instead 
of  seven  or  eight  millions  of  Congrega- 
tionalists in  sentiment,  as  there  would 
have  been  if  his  expectations  had  been 
realized,  we  cannot  claim  more  than 
about  two  millions.     Not  so  many  as  this 


I860.] 


Keeping  our  otvn  Vineyard. 


393 


are  steadily  under  our  direct  influence, 
while  a  somewhat  larger  number  is  in- 
cluded, if  we  count  all  who  are  more 
loosely  connected  with  us.  There  are 
many,  in  all  the  Northern  States,  who  oc- 
casionally come  into  our  sanctuaries,  and 
who  hear  our  ministers  at  school-houses, 
and  expect  them  to  attend  the  funerals  of 
their  departed  friends,  and  who  sometimes 
give  a  trifle  to  support  the  institutions  of 
religion.  If  we  choose  to  call  these  Con- 
gregationalists,  because  they  belong  to  us 
more  than  to  any  other  denomination,  we 
may  swell  our  numbers  to  about  two  and 
a  half  millions.  Of  this  whole  number,  less 
than  three  hundred  thousand  are  members 
of  the  Church  of  Christ  on  profession  of 
faith.  Such  is  the  way  in  which  we  have 
kept,  or  rather  have  not  kept,  our  vine- 
yard. This  statement  may  be  painful, 
but  the  facts  are  even  worse  than  they 
seem  In  this  presentation.  Our  losses 
have  been  greater,  but  a  desire  to  keep 
within  the  bounds  of  truth  has  moderated 
the  recital.  Such,  then,  is  the  result  of 
more  than  two  hundred  years  of  experi- 
ence and  effort  on  the  part  of  the  Con- 
gregational Churches  in  Nev/  England, 
and  their  sister  churches  at  the  West. 
Does  it  awaken  painful  emotions  ?  Is  any 
one  disposed  to  review  the  figures  in  the 
hope  of  finding  a  mistake  ?  The  conso- 
solatlon  coming  from  such  a  course  would 
be  scanty  ;  for  It  would  come  out  that  er- 
ror, heresy,  and  schism  have  desolated 
many  of  the  churches  that  were  based  on 
the  ancestral  faith.  Our  vineyard  has 
been  neglected.  With  a  measure  of  pro- 
priety, we  may  use  the  words  of  the 
psalmist,  and  say  her  hedges  are  broken 
down,  "  so  that  all  they  which  pass  by  the 
way  do  pluck  her.  The  boar  out  of  the 
wood  doth  waste  It,  and  the  wild  beast  of 
the  field  doth  devour  It."  The  Socinlan, 
the  Unlversallst,  the  Deist,  the  Transcen- 
dentahst,  and  the  Pantheist,  though 
sprung  from  her  own  loins,  have  united 
to  destroy  her.  "  Return,  we  beseech  thee, 
O  God  of  hosts  ;  look  down  from  heaven, 
and  behold,  and  visit  this  vine,  and   the 


vineyard  which  thy  right  hand  hast  plant- 
ed, and  the  branch  that  thou  madest 
strong  for  thyself" 

But  the  question  comes  before  us, — 
What  has  become  of  these  missing  mil- 
lions of  the  Puritan  stock  ?  If  lost  to  us, 
are  they  lost  to  the  world,  and  to  the 
Church  of  Christ  ?  The  answer  will  show 
how  we  have  been  made  the  keepers  of 
the  vineyards,  while  our  own  has  been 
confined  to  such  a  stinted  growth.  It  will 
show  also,  that  the  system  of  Congrega- 
tionalism is  not  In  fault,  but  that  it  has 
.been  undervalued,  and  poorly  adminis- 
tered by  its  friends ;  for  its  limited  In- 
crease is  to  be  ascribed  partly  to  our 
mistakes,  and  In  part  to  our  voluntary  and 
persistent  efforts. 

The  statement  has  been  published  that 
the  three  denominations  of  Episcopalians, 
Baptists,  and  Friends  are  about  equal  in 
number  to  that  of  the  Congregationalists 
in  New  England.  This,  however,  needs 
some  qualifications ;  but  If  we  add  the 
Methodists,  the  aggregate  will  not  be  far 
from  that  of  our  denomination.  Now  we 
must  bear  In  mind  that  nearly  all  of  these 
are  descendants  of  Congregationalists. 
Besides  these,  we  must  add  the  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  Baptists,  Methodists,  Qua- 
kers, Episcopalians,  and  other  minor 
evangelical  bodies  in  the  other  States  of 
the  Union,  who  are  descended  by  the 
first,  second,  or  more  distant  remove,  from 
Congregational  parentage.  The  num- 
ber of  these  Is  probably  larger  than  of 
those  who  remain  in  New  England. 

This  loss  to  our  denomination,  as  above 
stated,  is  to  be  attributed  to  our  own  mis- 
takes. Let  this  admission  be  modified  as 
much  as  the  facts  demand,  and  then  It 
will  be  found  substantially  true.  Making 
all  due  allowance  for  the  human  infirmi- 
ty of  the  other  communions,  granting  all 
that  can  be  proved  in  regard  to  their 
gains  from  us  by  the  various  modes  of 
proselyting,  it  Is  still  a  fact  that  our  fath- 
ers and  ourselves  have  not,  in  all  cases, 
taken  the  proper  course  to  retain  within 


394 


Keeping  our  oim  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


our  fold  all  who  were  born  under  our 
auspices.  It  is,  indeed,  impossible  for 
any  denomination,  however  richly  en- 
dowed, —  as,  for  example,  the  established 
Church  of  England,  or  of  Scotland,  —  to 
keep  its  ground.  Yet  nothing  but  egre- 
gious folly  has  driven  vast  masses  from 
both  those  bodies,  who  might  have  been 
retained,  if  a  wise  and  Christian  policy 
had  been  pursued.  The  same  thing  is 
partially  true  of  us  as  a  denomination. 
The  union  of  Church  and  State,  which 
was  meant  for  good,  worked  disastrously 
for  piety,  and  for  the  denomination ;  for 
before  it  was  fully  sundered,  prejudices 
were  generated  against  Congregational- 
ism, which  led  thousands  away  from  our 
fold.  A  blind  conservatism  drove  off  oth- 
er thousands,  who  are  now  fixed  in  other 
connections.  The  Baptist  controversy, 
which  grew  up  inevitably  from  the  half- 
way covenant  system,  was  so  conducted 
that  other  thousands  left  us  never  more  to 
return  ;  or  if  ever,  not  in  our  day.  A 
philosophy  which  obscured  the  great,  im- 
mutable, glorious  facts  of  Calvinism  thrust 
out  other  thousands.  By  the  changes  of 
business,  and  the  growth  of  new  towns 
and  cities,  openings  have  been  made  for 
the  other  denominations,  while  our 
churches,  located  and  fastened  on  the  de- 
populating hill-tops,  have  often  shown  too 
little  power  of  adaptation  to  changing 
circumstances.  But  not  to  prolong  this 
wretched  tale,  the  result  is,  that  our  de- 
nominational growth  has  been  greatly 
hindered  by  the  causes  enumerated  above, 
while  Ave  have  sent  hundreds  of  thousands 
to  cultivate  the  vineyards  of  our  mother's 
other  children. 

This  process  has  ceased  for  the  present, 
and  probably  forever,  so  far  as  direct  loss- 
es from  us  are  concerned.  There  will 
always  be  some,  of  course,  who  will  change 
from  one  denomination  to  another,  and 
we  have  our  proportion  of  these  unstable 
souls  ;  but  we  need  fear  no  great  ava- 
lanches sliding  off  from  us  unless  we  de- 
velopc  some  new  and  inexcusable  folly. 
Yet  we  must  remember  that  the  greater 


part  of  the  descendants  of  those  who  have 
left  us  are  also  gone.  The  loss  to  the 
Church  universal  may  not  be  very  great. 
Those  who  have  gained  by  it,  will  doubt- 
less cherish  the  opinion,  that  our  loss  is 
not  only  their  gain,  but  that  the  world  is 
better  for  the  change.  But,  if  we  have 
any  well-grounded  preferences  for  our 
system,  we  cannot  avoid  the  conclusion 
that  the  cause  of  true  religion  has  suf- 
fered by  this  weakening  of  our  denomina- 
tion. However,  we  may  rejoice,  and  we 
will  rejoice,  that  while  we  have  not  at- 
tained to  the  stature  which  was  within 
our  reach,  the  cause  of  our  common  Sa- 
viour has  advanced,  in  spite  of  our  want 
of  denominational  zeal  and  wisdom.  A 
full,  strong  tide  of  Congregational  blood 
has  been  poured  into  the  veins  of  these 
other  religious  bodies,  by  which  they  have 
been,  and  are  destined  to  be,  still  farther 
modified.  They  are  all  demanding  an 
educated,  as  well  as  pious  ministry,  and 
they  are  obliged  to  consult  the  views 
and  wishes  of  the  laity,  however  contrary 
this  may  be  to  the  genius  of  their  polity. 

As  said  above,  part  of  our  loss  to  other 
denominations  was  brought  about  by  our 
own  voluntarv  and  long-continued  ajjen- 
cy.  From  the  beginning,  with  partial  ex- 
ceptions, those  who  went  from  our  con- 
gregations into  other  States,  outside  of 
New  England,  were  allowed  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  our  Presbyterian  brethren. 
Our  fathers  did  not  encourage  the  forma- 
tion of  Congregational  churches  to  any 
great  extent,  in  the  new  States  at  the 
South  and  West  of  us.  In  time,  a  sort  of 
compact  was  entered  into,  by  which  our 
migrating  children  were  grafted  into  the 
Presbyterian  stock.  This  was  the  result, 
whatever  might  have  been  the  design,  of 
the  plan  of  union.  We  have  furnished 
members  of  their  churches  and  of  their 
congregations,  by  uncounted  thousands. 
Our  ministers,  by  hundreds,  have  become 
pastors  of  their  churches.  AVe  have  sup- 
plied professors  for  their  Colleges  and 
Theological  Seminaries  in  great  numbers. 
Our  funds  have  been  lavished  in  building 


1S60] 


Keeping  our  oiun  Vineyard. 


395 


up  their  denomination.  This  process 
began  long  ago,  and  has  continued  down 
to  our  day.  Both  fractions  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Chui'ch  have  derived  benefit 
from  our  suicidal  policy;  but  since  the 
disruption,  the  New  School  has  reaped 
the  greatest  advantage.  It  would  not  be 
extravagant  to  say,  that  nearly  half  the 
members  of  that  communion  are  of  New 
England  descent,  near  or  remote.  It  has 
been  stated,  on  apparently  good  authori- 
ty, that  as  many  as  two  thousand  Pres- 
byterian churches,  including  Old  School 
and  New,  are  composed  of  people  of  Con- 
gregational origin.  When  we  reflect  that 
this  depleting  policy  has  been  pursued 
for  more  than  a  century,  the  wholesale 
ratio  by  which  our  denomination  has  been 
depopulated  comes  into  view.  If  churches 
of  our  order  had  been  set  up  in  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  by  the  first  emigrants 
from  New  England  to  those  States,  and 
the  same  policy  had  been  pursued  by 
those  who  followed  them,  the  result  at  this 
day  would  have  been  vast  and  gratifying. 
If  the  few  Congregational  Churches  that 
were  founded  by  the  Connecticut  settlers 
in  the  vicinity  of  Newark  had  adhered 
firmly  to  their  polity,  East  Jersey  would 
now  be  one  of  the  fairest  portions  of  the 
Congregational  domain.  But  it  is  too  late 
to  remedy  the  msitake.  The  work  is  done 
and  cannot  be  undone.  The  Presbyteri- 
an communion  is  far  more  numerous, 
powerful,  and  efficient,  as  a  consequence; 
and  we  wish  them  God-speed  in  all  their 
endeavors  to  promote  the  cause  of  Christ. 
But  the  point  before  us  is  this :  we  have 
been  keeping  the  vineyards  of  others.  If 
our  mother's  children  have  not  been  an- 
gry with  us,  still  they  have  made  good  use 
of  us  in  cultivating  their  vine ;  and  they 
have  had  astonishing  success  in  making  us 
believe  that  we  have  been  doing  God  ser- 
vice in  not  keeping  our  own  vineyard. 
This  has  gone  on  so  long,  and  such  a  state 
of  feeling  has  been  fostered  among  us,  that 
one  can  hardly  speak  a  word  in  behalf  of 
our  denomination  without  being  accused 
of   cherishing    a  sectarian    spirit.      An 


effort  to  extend  our  polity  by  a  systematic 
and  vigorous  movement,  is  not  only  resist- 
ed from  without,  but  meets  with  doubts, 
objections,  and  positive  opposition,  from 
within  our  own  bounds.  This  brief  re- 
view of  facts  shows  where  our  missing 
millions  are  to  be  found.  We  have  let 
them  go  from  us,  or  have  sent  them  away. 
And  all  the  while,  there  have  not  been 
wanting  good  and  able  men,  who  have 
chanted  the  praises  of  the  methods  by 
which  we  have  been  hindered  from  get- 
ting one-third  of  our  growth.  We  have 
been  dwarfed;  and  the  effort  has  been 
made  to  induce  us  to  believe  that  it  ought 
so  to  be.  And  not  only  so,  but  the  fact 
that  our  polity  has  been  so  limited  in  its 
extent,  has  been  used  as  an  argument  to 
prove  the  inefficiency  of  Congregational- 
ism. Is  it  strange,  then,  that  we  feel  a 
mournful  indignation  because  the  Scrip- 
tural polity,  which  our  fathers  loved,  has 
been  mismanaged  by  friends  and  weak- 
ened by  rivals,  and  then  abused  because 
it  has  not  been  more  efficient  ?  It  has 
been  wounded  in  the  house  of  its  friends ; 
but  we  hope  that  the  time  of  this  blind- 
ness is  past. 

One  fact  further  is  wanted  to  complete 
this  view  of  the  subject.  There  are  sev- 
eral great  national  societies  for  benevo- 
lent purposes,  which  are  not  sectarian  or 
denominational : — The  Bible  Society,  the 
Tract  Society,  the  Sunday  School  Union, 
the  Society  for  Converting  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  others.  These  Societies 
have  always  been  in  high  esteem  among 
us.  Their  object  is  grand,  and  th^  results 
of  their  action  are  precious.  They 
will,  without  doubt,  continue  to  re- 
ceive liberal  support  from  all  our 
churches.  But  this  may  be  said  with 
truth,  that  some  of  them  have  received, 
for  objects  common  to  all  branches  of  the 
Christian  Church,  a  larger  proportional 
sum  from  us  than  from  other  communions, 
while  they  have  been  able  to  apply  more 
in  promoting  religion  according  to  their 
own  forms.  What  they  have  withheld 
from  this  common  fund  has  jjone  into  their 


396 


Keeping  our  own  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


own  treasuries.  Besides  this  fact,  we 
must  notice  this  other  fact,  that  we,  as  a 
denomination,  have  never  derived  much 
advantage  from  the  conversions  that  have 
been  made  through  the  agency  of  some  of 
these  societies.  If  Sunday  School  agents, 
and  the  laborers  among  the  papists, 
have  gathered  souls  into  the  fold  of  Christ, 
this  has  been  done  so  as  to  enure  chiefly 
to  the  benefit  of  others.  The  Sunday 
School  agency,  except  for  raising  funds, 
has  been  mainly  outside  of  New  Eng- 
land. The  converted  Komanists  become 
almost  anything  but  Congregationalists. 
Of  this  we  have  no  right  to  complain,  be- 
cause it  is  mainly  due  to  our  unthrifty 
policy.  Others  take  pains  to  make  these 
recruits  to  the  cause  of  Christ  feel  at  home 
in  their  congregations,  or  they  gather 
them  into  separate  churches.^  But  the 
question  for  us  to  consider  is,  whether  it 
is  best  for  us,  while  giving  money  and 
men  to  gather  these  wanderers  into  the 
fold  of  Christ,  to  make  any  attempt  to 
bring  them  into  our  own  Immediate  con- 
nection. Perhaps  some  are  ready  to 
cry  out  against  these  '  suggestions  as 
savoring  of  a  sectarian  and  bigoted  spirit. 
But  reflect  a  moment,  and  see  if  there  Is 
any  good  reason  why  our  denomination 
should  not  make  gains  from  these  sources 
as  well  as  others.  And  reflect  again,  Avhy 
you  are  Congregationalists.  If  from  con- 
viction, then  Is  not  the  system  which  is 
good  for  you,  good  for  them  also  ? 

But  this  leads  us  to  another  division  of 
our  general  subject ;  that  is,  the  reasons 
why  we,  as  a  denomination,  should  make 
more  direct  and  discreet  eflTorts  to  promote 
the  cause  of  Christ,  through  Congrega- 
tional forms.  These  reasons  are  numerous 
and  of  great  weight,  but  must  be  treated 
very  briefly. 

1  While  this  number  is  passing  through  the  press, 
Rev.  Mr.  Beaubien,  one  of  the  converted  Romanists 
from  Illinois,  is  among  us,  soliciting  aid  for  his  fellow 
Christians,  who  prefer  an  independent  church  organ- 
ization. The  efforts  made  in  his  behalf,  show  how 
much  his  object  is  appreciated  by  a  few,  how  little  by 
tiie  many. 


And  first,  we  ought  to  do  more  in  the 
great  work  of  evangelizing  the  world,  and 
we  shall  be  able  to  efl'ect  more  in  this  no- 
ble enterprise,  if,  in  addition  to  our  love 
for  the  Saviour,  we  call  into  action  the 
zeal  and  the  discipline  which  grow  out  of 
a  proper  and  unselfish  esprit  du  corpx. 
The  latter  need  not  interfere  with  or  viti- 
ate the  former,  and  If  our  love  for  our 
church  order  is  scriptural,  as  we  profess  to 
believe,  we  can  promote  Congregational 
Christianity  with  a  good  conscience,  and 
with  the  hope  that  the  results  will  be  per- 
manently more  beneficial  than  by  pursu- 
ing any  other  course.  The  Congregation- 
al form  is  ours,  and  If  we  have  made  a  wise 
choice,  as  we  are  confident,  then  we  are 
called  upon  to  extend  our  system,  and  In- 
fluence as  many  as  possible,  by  all  fair 
means,  to  think  with  us,  and  to  unite  In 
the  same  organization.  It  Is  natural  to 
wish  that  others  should  receive  our  opin- 
ions, and  unite  with  us  in  giving  them  su- 
premacy. In  this  natural  desire  there  Is 
no  sin,  necessarily.  There  need  be  no 
selfishness  nor  sectarianism  in  it.  The 
opinions  and  the  measures,  by  the  suppo- 
sition, are  dear  to  us,  because  they  are 
sound  and  wise ;  and  we  wish  others  to 
participate  in  them,  not  only  for  fellow- 
ship's sake,  but  because  they  will  be  ben- 
efited in  common  with  us. 

Again,  our  country  and  the  world  need 
the  Congregational  form  of  church  govern- 
ment. The  world  has  always  been,  and  is 
now,  to  a  great  extent,  over-ridden  by  sec- 
ular and  ecclesiastical  despotisms.  Men  al- 
most everywhere  are  trained  to  the  rule  of 
absolute  sovereigns,  chiefs,  and  priests. 
They  lose  their  individuality  in  the  na- 
tion, the  clan,  or  the  hierarchy.  And  In 
sinking  their  individuality,  their  manhood 
Is  dwarfed.  Now  it  is  true  that  the  Chris- 
tian religion  will  elevate  all  peoples  and 
nations  who  receive  it.  The  worst  form 
of  Christianity  is  far  superior  to  the  best 
form  of  heathenism,  or  of  unchristian  phi- 
losophy. But  all  history  shows  that  hu- 
man nature  will  use  even  religion  itself 
as  an  instrument  of  despotism  whenever 


I860.] 


Keeping  our  oivn  Vineyard. 


397 


it  can.  And  it  is  the  best  Instrument, 
because  it  first  enslaves  the  conscience,  if 
perverted,  and  then  binds  soul  and  body 
in  fetters  of  iron.  Hence  the  necessity 
of  making  churches  autonomous.  The 
hierarchy  will  always  sympathize  with  a 
despotic  government.  It  has  always  been 
so  with  all  Episcopal  ecclesiasticisms. 
Even  the  Church  of  England  is  not  an 
exception  to  this  rule ;  for  it  has  been 
owing  to  a  vigorous  dissent,  that  freedom 
has  been  kept  alive  in  Great  Britain. 
The  oligarchical  form  of  church  govern- 
ment will  sympathize  with  an  aristocracy. 
It  is  an  aristocracy,  not  hereditary,  but  for 
life,  or  during  good  behavior ;  which  is 
equivalent  to  a  life  tenure.  The  ministry 
and  leading  men  assume  the  government ; 
for,  though  they  are  chosen  by  the  broth- 
erhood at  the  beginning  of  their  official 
life,  they  rule  henceforth  without  check  or 
limit.  They  must  rule,  of  course,  within 
the  bounds  of  the  system,  but  they  rule 
absolutely,  since  all  appeals  are  to  them- 
selves, through  a  succession  of  church 
courts.  At  the  same  time,  the  mass  of 
Christians  are  educated  to  obey,  to  be 
ruled,  to  be  provided  for,  to  be  acquies- 
cent. They  are  not  initiated  into  the 
habit  of  self-government.  The  people 
are  not  taught  to  manage  their  own  af- 
fairs. The  wisdom  that  comes  from  ex- 
ercising self-control  and  conducting  their 
own  government  is  never  developed. 

The  people  are  necessarily  kept  in 
leading  strings,  and,  if  the  influence  of 
such  ecclesiastical  systems  is  not  checked 
by  the  presence  and  power  of  a  more  free 
and  self-developing  form  of  civil  govern- 
ment, they  will  tend  to  despotism  in  State 
as  well  as  Church.  But  if  everywhere 
where  Christians  are  to  be  found,  inde- 
pendent churches,  uniting  in  sympathy 
and  council,  but  not  consolidating  into 
power,  can  be  formed,  you  will  lay,  in  all 
countries,  the  solid  foundations  of  freedom. 
The  basis  will  be  deep  in  the  religious 
convictions  of  men  —  far  down  on  the 
"  hard  pan  "  of  the  conscience. 

We  are  looking  to  Turkey  with  hope 


for  the  delivery  of  her  various  population 
from  thraldom  ;  but  our  hope  is  not  in  di- 
plomacy, nor  in  the  arms  of  foreign 
powers.  These,  if  they  prevail,  may  im- 
pose upon  the  peoples  of  that  empire  re- 
straints in  regard  to  religion  which  the 
Turks  have  been  induced  to  relax.  The 
"  sick  man  "  may  be  cured  of  his  disease 
by  killing  him ;  but  the  people  will  find 
no  spiritual  health  in  all  that  foreign 
governments  can  do  for  them.  We  look  to 
the  free  churches  which  our  missionaries 
are  building  up,  as  the  instrumentality, 
under  God,  which  is  to  enfranchise  the 
millions  under  Mohammedan  rule.  And 
if  we  turn  to  Germany,  is  our  hope  of  her 
being  evangelized  and  set  free  based  on 
the  eiforts  of  scholars  who  are  but  half 
evangelized  themselves,  and  who  are 
bound  up  In  the  State  churches,  and  by 
inflexible  Church  fetters  ?  Do  we  not 
rather  see,  in  the  free  churches  which 
Oncken  and  his  co-laborers  are  founding, 
the  germ  of  a  movement  that  will  eventu- 
ally make  the  heart  of  Europe  beat  with 
the  pulsations  of  civil  as  well  as  religious 
liberty  V  And  in  our  own  land,  where 
the  great  battle  of  freedom  or  slavery  is 
yet  to  be  fought,  we  need  to  have  Christi- 
anity enshrined  in  the  free  form  unfolded 
in  the  New  Testament,  if  she  is  to  con- 
tend vigorously.  If  enslaved  herself,  or 
partially  bound,  by  hierarchy  or  oligar- 
chy, how  can  she  teach  men  to  lift  up  free 
as  well  as  holy  hands  to  God  ?  But  time 
forbids  the  proper  treatment  of  this  topic, 
which  deserves  a  treatise  by  itself.  It  is 
safe  to  say  that  the  importance  of  the 
subject  can  scarcely  be  over-stated.  The 
freedom  of  the  British  Constitution  is  due 
to  Puritanism  ;  but  not  to  the  Puritanism 
that  adhered  to  the  liturgy  and  episcopa- 
cy ;  nor  yet  mainly  to  the  «PuritanIsm  that 
combined  in  classls  and  synod.  That 
struck  bold  and  strong  blows  against  des- 
potism, but  it  sought  to  set  up  a  milder 
tyranny.  How,  let  us  hear  in  the  words 
of  Milton : 

'■  Because  you  have  thrown  o£f  your  Prelate  Lord, 

And,  with  stiff  vow  renounced  liis  liturgy, 


398 


Keeping  our  oivn  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


To  seize  the  widowed  whore,  Plurality, . 

From  those  whose  sin  ye  envied,  not  abhored  ; 
Dare  ye  for  this  abjure  the  civil  sword, 

To  force  our  consciences,  that  Christ  set  free, 

And  ride  us  with  a  classic  hierarchy, 

Taught  ye  by  mere  A.  S.  and  Ruthersford? 
Men,  whose  life,  learning,  faith,  and  pure  intent. 

Would  have  been  held  in  high  esteem  with  Paul, 

Must  now  be  named  and  printed  Heretics 
By  shallow  Edwards,  and  Scotch  what  'dye  call? 

But  we  do  hope  to  find  out  all  your  tricks. 

Your  blots  and  paclving,  worse  than  those  of  Trent, 

That  so  the  Parliament 
May,  with  their  wholesome  and  preventive  shears. 
Clip  your  phylacteries,  though  balk  your  ears. 

And  succor  our  just  fears. 
When  they  shall  read  this  clearly  in  your  charge, 
New  Presbyter  is  but  old  Priest  writ  large." 

This  may  sound  harsh,  in  our  day,  two 
hundred  years  since  the  time  when  the 
Independents  found  it  necessary,  in  be- 
half of  freedom,  to  set  themselves  in  ar- 
ray against  the  Presbyterians;  and,  in 
truth,  both  parties  have  learned  some 
useful  lessons  during  the  experience  of 
six  generations.  But  it  still  remains  true 
that  the  two  systems  have  ditFerent  polit- 
ical affinities,  and,  if  left  to  their  natural 
working,  unchecked  by  other  forces,  will 
originate  or  support  dlilerent  forms  of  civil 
government. 

However  this  may  be,  it  was  Congrega- 
tional Puritanism  that  laid  the  foundation 
of  all  our  liberties,  and  if  they  are  to  be 
perpetuated,  and  their  benefits  extended  to 
all  the  people — of  every  color,  and  from 
every  clime — of  our  land,  this  grand  re- 
sult will  be  secured,  to  a  great  extent, 
through  the  agency  of  autonomous,  or 
self-governing  churches.  Here,  then,  is  a 
motive  to  exertion,  which  ought  to  nerve 
us  up  to  vigorous  efforts  in  spreading 
Congregational  Christianity. 

Once  more,  we,  as  a  denomination,  are 
given  to  controversy  with  one  another,  as 
well  as  with  those  outside  of  our  connec- 
tion. This  is  owing  partly  to  our  ecclesi- 
astical descent ;  in  part  to  our  intellec- 
tual training ;  somewhat  to  our  love  of 
truth,  and  not  a  little  to  our  want  of 
Church  feeling,  or  esprit  du  corps.  It 
is  hazardous  to  say  anything  on  this  point, 
as  it  renders  one  liable  to  the  charge  of 
indifTercnce   towards  gospel   truth,  since 


all  controversalists  are  very  conscientious, 
and  persuade  themselves,  not  only  that 
they  ought  to  contend  earnestly  for  the 
faith,  but  sometimes  seem  to  feel,  like  Jo- 
nah, that  they  do  well  to  be  angry.  And 
it  is  true,  doubtless,  that  controversy  is 
unavoidable  in  this  world,  where  so  many 
are  always  ready  to  assail,  or  to  under- 
mine the  truth  of  Christ.  But  does  not 
everybody  know  that  we  have  wasted 
much  strength  in  trying  to  prove  each 
other  to  be  unsound,  while  we  have  been 
laboring  together  in  sustaining  the  same 
home  and  foreign  missions,  and  uniting  in 
the  support  of  other  objects  of  Christian 
benevolence  ?  What  we  need,  is  a 
warmer  atfection  for  each  other, — not 
only  as  Christians,  but  as  members  of  the 
same  ecclesiastical  system, — which  will  not 
check  our  zeal  for  truth,  while  It  will  in- 
fuse more  of  love  and  grace  into  our  dis- 
cussions. Surely  it  is  not  too  much  to  ask 
tliat  contention  shall  be  exchanged  for  in- 
vestigation, and  dispute  for  fraternal 
rivalry  In  the  search  after  the  meaning  of 
the  Spirit. 

And  here  let  it  be  noted,  that  an 
increase  of  the  denominational  spirit — 
guarding,  of  course,  against  sectarian  big- 
otry— will  obviate  much  of  the  necessity 
for  controversy,  because  this  spirit  always 
binds  us  to  the  Y>a,st.  Though  it  is  pro- 
gressive, it  certainly  seeks  to  support  the 
old  and  established.  If  the  historic  spirit 
shall  increase  among  us,  as  it  has  begun 
of  late ;  if  the  Congregational  Library 
Association  hereafter  receives  the  support 
it  so  highly  deserves,  while  our  love  of 
denomination  becomes  more  strong,  we 
shall  be  gratified  to  find  that  our  love  for 
the  good  old  doctrines  will  keep  pace, 7^a?-i 
passu,  with  veneration  for  the  ancient 
order  ;  and  the  good  and  brave  men  who 
set  that  order  up  in  the  world,  and  contend- 
ed for  it,  in  the  closet,  in  the  field  of  author- 
ship, and  amid  the  contending  hosts  of 
war.  With  a  great  price  has  our  freedom 
been  bought ;  and  the  more  we  value  it, 
the  higher  will  be  our  appreciation  of  the 
great  Bible  truths  and  devotional  formU- 


I860.] 


Keeping  our  own  Vineyard. 


399 


las  which  are  the  soul  of  our  ecclesiastical 
form.  Love  for  the  fathers,  and  love  for 
their  form  of  Church  order,  will  foster 
love  for  the  divine  truths  which  they  loved 
better  than  life. 

It  may  be  remarked  further,  that  ener- 
gy in  promoting  religion  according  to  our 
order,  will  increase  rather  than  diminish 
or  hinder,  our  affection  for  other  bodies  of 
Christians.  That  love  of  Church,  which 
grows  at  the  expense  of  love  towards  all 
Christians,  is  unchristian  and  detestable. 
But  this  is  to  be  considered;  when  we 
perceive  other  denominations  increasing 
at  our  expense,  even  if  the  fault  is  our 
own,  it  is  difficult  to  keep  down  the  sense 
of  injury,  and  In  such  circumstances,  there 
is  apt  to  be  jealousy,  recrimination,  and 
sometimes  open  hostility.  But  when  each 
and  all  denominations  are  working  in 
their  own  sphere,  unencumbered  with 
incompatible  unions,  and  free  from  the 
friction  of  formal  combinations,  they  can 
do  their  utmost  for  the  extension  of  their 
form  of  Christianity,  without  jealousy  or 
opposition.  There  is  a  difference  between 
the  love  of  family  and  the  love  of  clan. 
Clannishness  is  selfish,  and  fosters  a  spirit 
of  hostility  towards  rival  clans.  It  seeks 
power  by  their  loss ;  sometimes  by  their 
destruction.  But  love  of  family  does  not 
weaken  kind  feelings  towards  other  fami- 
lies. It  will  be  found  that  in  families 
where  there  is  the  most  of  mutual  affec- 
tion, there  is  a  larger  measure  of  love  for 
those  who  belong  to  other  families.  So  it 
should  be  with  the  different  branches  of 
the  great  family  of  Christ.  Let  all  culti- 
vate their  own  vineyard,  as  assiduously 
as  may  be ;  they  will  then  be  far  more 
apt  to  give  each  a  fair  field,  and  rejoice  in 
each  other's  prosperity.  And  here  it  is 
pertinent  to  allude  to  the  connection  be- 
tween our  Presbyterian  brethren  and  our- 
selves, which  seems  to  be  drawing  to  its 
close.  The  results  of  the  union  in  the 
Home  Missionary  work  have  been,  in 
many  respects,  so  beneficial,  that  some 
look  upon  the  inevitable  division  with 
sadness.  Others  believe  it  is  the  work  of 
VOL.  II.  42 


the  devil.  It  is  however,  nothing  but  the 
orderly  progress  of  events ;  the  logical 
mai'ch  of  history.  The  devil's  hand  is  not 
in  it,  except  as  he  will  endeavor  to  make 
us  quarrel  over  the  unavoidable  separa- 
tion. Events  in  the  womb  of  time  must 
have  their  birth,  and  it  is  for  the  advan- 
tage of  all  concerned,  that  they  should. 
AVhen  the  time  comes  for  a  combination 
to  be  resolved  into  its  elements,  it  is  use- 
less to  try  to  bind  it  together  with  cords 
and  withes.  It  is  plain  to  all  but  those 
who  are  unwilling  to  see,  that  the  period 
has  arrived  when  the  two  denominations 
can  work  to  the  best  advantage  for  them- 
selves, and  for  the  great  cause  which  both 
have  at  heart,  by  separate  agency.  The 
division  should  be  effected  in  the  exe-rcise 
of  a  large,  Christian,  fraternal  spirit. 
Then  "  Ephraim  shall  not  envy  Judah, 
and  Judah  shall  not  vex  Ephraim  "  ;  but 
each  will  be  made  happier  by  the  other's 
welfare.  When  two.  powerful  steamships 
start  out  of  port,  fastened  together  side  by 
side,  they  may  move  harmoniously  for  a 
while ;  but  when  they  reach  a  point  where 
their  paths  diverge,  they  will  draw  upon 
the  hawsers  that  bind  them,  and  waste 
their  force  In  foolish  antagonism.  And  as 
the  angle  increases  between  their  lines  of 
motion,  the  loss  of  force,  and  therefore  of 
headway,  will  be  increased  also.  Mean- 
while, the  officers,  crew,  and  passengers, 
will  become  fretful  and  angry,  and  per- 
haps show  their  resentment  by  unfriendly 
criminations.  Now  let  their  cables  be 
cast  off',  or,  if  need  be,  cut  asunder,  and 
each  vessel  will  spring  forward  on  her 
own  course,  with  a  glorious  sweep,  and 
the  now  happy  crews  will  join  in  a  mutual 
"  God  bless  you,"  and  thus  cheer  one  an- 
other on  the  voyage  to  their  desired  haven. 
So  may  it  be  with  us,  and  so,  please  God, 
it  will  be  with  us,  and  our  beloved  breth- 
ren of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  if  they 
choose  to  part.  There  is  a  broad  land,  of 
wealth  unknown,  before  us,  and  we  have 
Providence  for  our  guide. 

A  few  words  remain  to  be  said  about 


400 


Keejnvg  our  oivn  Vineyard. 


[Oct. 


the  methods  to  be  used  In  keeping  our  own 
vineyard  in  the  future. 

We  are,  of  course,  to  carry  forward  the 
work  already  begun,  in  all  departments 
of  Christian  effort.  We  must  sustain  our 
churches,  and  benevolent  societies ;  our 
colleges  and  theological  seminaries.  The 
groiind  mu^;t  be  maintained  where  it  has 
been  secured  ;  and  where  it  has  been  lost, 
an  effort  ought  to  be  made  for  recovery. 

The  work  before  us  as  friends  of  Home 
Missions,  and  specifically  of  Congrega- 
tional Home  Missions,  is  to  found  new- 
churches  of  our  faith  and  order  in  all 
cities,  towns,  and  new  territories,  where 
there  is  room  for  them.  No  one  will  ad- 
vocate pressing  into  fields  already  fully 
occupied  by  other  evangelical  Christians. 
The  effort  to  set  up  a  Congregational 
Church  in  a  place  where  any  other  evan- 
gelical Church  must  be  broken  or  crip- 
pled in  consequence,  is  contrary  to  our 
spirit  and  our  history.  Let  those  who 
have  the  ground  occupy  It  so  long  as  they 
can  ;  and  if  they  are  so  enterprising  as  to 
be  before  all  others  in  publishing  the  gos- 
pel on  the  frontiers,  we  will  rejoice  that 
our  Master  has  more  ready  and  vigorous 
pioneers  and  soldiers  than  we  are.  There 
is  room  enough  for  us  all.  The  West,  it 
has  been  said.  Is  "  all  place."  Our  Chris- 
tian activities  will  be  called  into  action 
for  generations  to  come,  before  the  whole 
desert  shall  bud  and  blossom  as  the  rose. 
And  not  only  will  churches  be  needed  In 
the  vast  regions  on  both  slopes  of  the 
Kocky  mountains,  but  schools  of  every 
grade  necessary  for  the  training  of  young 
men  and  women  for  the  work  of  evange- 
lizing our  country  and  the  world.  This 
work  is  begun  ;  but  what  we  need  Is  a 
great  increment  to  the  spirit  of  Home 
Missions,  or  rather,  Home  evangelization. 
And  what  good  reason  is  there  Avhy  we 
should  not,  as  a  denomination,  In  addition 
to  our  Home  Missionary  agency,  if  neces- 
sary, through  State  societies,  or  a  general 
organization,  make  dire -t  efforts  with  im- 
migrants, slaves,  Indians,  and  all  of  every 
condition,  to  bring  them  not  only  into  the 


fold  of  Christ,  but  into  our  partition  of 
the  fold  ? 

Again,  is  it  not  time  for  us  to  take  more 
pains  in  bringing  up  our  children  to  be 
Congregational  Christians  ?  There  Is  a 
great  deficiency  In  this  regard.  It  is  not 
an  uncommon  remark  among  us,  that  it  is 
of  little  consequence  what  denomination 
one  belongs  to  if  he  Is  only  a  Christian. 
There  Is  a  great  truth  in  this  remark,  but 
there  is  an  error  also.  It  is  of  conse- 
quence, and  serious  consequence,  too,  for 
the  form  of  Christianity  affects  its  spirit. 
The  result  of  our  teaching,  or  want  of 
teaching,  has  been,  that  our  children  have 
joined  other  communions,  as  it  has  suited 
their  taste,  fancy,  or  convenience,  without 
giving  a  thought  to  the  question  of  Church 
government.  In  this  regard  we  differ 
greatly  from  other  denominations,  who 
teach  their  children  to  love  their  Church, 
to  adhere  to  its  forms,  and  to  venerate  Its 
history.  And  we  may  be  sure,  the  pro- 
cess of  depopulation  among  us  will  not 
entirely  cease,  until  we  take  a  more  accu- 
rate guage  and  estimate  of  this  subject. 
Our  children  need  to  be  Informed  In  re- 
lation to  the  nature  of  our  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  its  value ;  and  to  be  trained 
so  that  they  will  not  desert  it,  unless  called 
by  the  providence  of  God,  or  by  real  con- 
victions, to  unite  with  other  bodies  of 
Christians.  This  teaching  is  entirely  com- 
patible with  the  cultivation  of  the  warm- 
est and  sincerest  love  for  Christians  of 
e.very  name. 

M-oreover,  such  a  spirit  must  be  gene- 
rated among  us,  that  our  young  ministers, 
when  leaving  New  England,  will  seek  a 
home  among  Congregationalists ;  or,  by 
the  blessing  of  God,  make  a  Congrega- 
tional home  for  themselves,  out  of  the  raw 
material  of  an  unevangellzed  community. 
We  have  heretofore  raised  up  more  min- 
isters than  our  churches  needed,  and 
therefore  they  have  gone  out  from  us,  to 
carry  the  blessings  of  the  gospel  to  others. 
We  must  now  form  churches  for  all  the 
suitable  young  men  who  can  be  fitted  for 
the  ministry. 


I860.] 


Welsh  Congregational  Churches. 


401 


And  none  can  fail  to  see  the  symptoms 
of  a  healthy  movement  among  our  laity. 
The  tendency  in  all  the  States  where 
there  are  Congregational  churches,  is  to 
to  bring  out  the  lay  element,  and  enlist  it 
in  organized  forms.  This  growing  desire 
for  Conferences,  which  will  not  be  re- 
pressed, is  not  the  springing  up  of  a  spirit 
of  government ;  it  Is  not  a  grasping  for 
power.  But  it  is  the  expression  of  a  want 
for  Christian  sympathy  and  co-operation, 
and  it  Is  attended  with  a  proper  and 
Christian  feeling  in  favor  of  denomina- 
tional growth  and  prosperity.  As  such, 
it  needs  only  to  be  guided  by  the  Head 
of  the  Church,  to  lead  to  good  results. 
And  if  we  could  find   the  way  for  the 


whole  denomination  to  meet  occasionally 
In  a  great  Christian  Conference,  or  Con- 
gregational Union,  who  can  doubt  that 
love  to  Christ,  with  a  properly  subordi- 
nate love  to  the  Church,  would  be  greatly 
advanced  ? 

But  time  foi'bids  the  further  prosecu- 
tion of  the  subject.  No  apology  is  needed 
for  bringing  it  forward.  The  times  de- 
mand it ;  the  churches,  of  which  we  are 
members  and  ministers,  demand  It ;  the 
cause  of  Christ  demands  it.  May  the 
spirit  of  Christ  so  guide  us  that  we  shall 
meet  the  demands  of  the  times,  of  the 
churches,  and  of  our  Master,  by  keeping 
our  own  vineyard. 


WELSH  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


To  the  Diary  of  the  Welsh  Congrega- 
tional Churches  in  America  for  1858,  pre- 
pared by  the  Rev.  R.  D.  Thomas,  (lorthryn 
Gwynedd,)  late  of  the  town  of  Rome, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  but  now  pastor  of  the 
Welsh  Congregational  Church  at  11th 
Street,  New  York,  we  are  indebted  for 
the  best  information  and  statistics  that 
could  be  obtained,  touching  the  Welsh 
Congregational  Churches  and  their  min- 
isters, in  the  United  States. 

The  following  extracts  will  be  interest- 
ing to  all  the  Congregational  Churches 
and  their  ministers  in  the  States : — 

RIany  Welsh  people  had  emigrated 
from  ditferent  Counties  of  the  principality 
of  Wales,  to  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  as 
early  as  the  time  of  the  venerable  Wil- 
liam Penu  ;  and  at  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
lution they  were  numerous  in  and  about 
the  city  of  Philadelphia  ;  the  majority  of 
them  then  were  Quakers,  Baptists,  and 
Independents  or  Congregatlonalists,  as  to 
their  religious  creeds.  A  verj'  liouiishing 
Welsh  Church  existed  at  a  place  called 
"  The  DylFryn  Maur  "  or  the  Great  Val- 
ley, near  the  above  city.  Some  years 
before-  1800,  a  revival  of  Welsh  emigra- 


tion took  place  ; — some  settled  at  Utica, 
Steuben,  Remsen,  in  Oneida  Co.,  and  in 
the  city  of  New  York ; — the  late  Judge 
Roberts  at  Ebensburgh,  Cambria  Co.,  Pa., 
and  the  late  Ezekiel  Hughes,  at  Paddy's 
Run,  Ohio.  During  the  past  CO  years, 
the  Welsh  nation  have  Increased  wonder- 
fully in  the  States ;  and  it  is  calculated 
that  they  now  number  from  sixty  to  one 
hundred  thousand  in  all  the  States.  They 
have  settlements  In  the  State  of  New 
York ;  —  at  Utica,  Marcy,  Deerfield, 
Whitestown,  Watei  ville,  Oriskany,  Rome, 
Floyd,  Western,  Trenton,  Stuben,  and 
Remsen.  In  the  State  of  Pennsylvania ; 
—  at  Pottsville,  MinersvIUe,  Pittsburgh, 
Johnstown,  Ebensburgh,  Blossburgh, 
Bradford,  St.  Clairs,  Bellmonte,  Danville, 
Scranton,  Carbondale,  Beaver  Meadow, 
Tamaqua,  Susquehanna,  State  Hill,  and 
other  places.  In  the  State  of  Ohio ;  — 
at  Cincinnati,  Paddy's  Run,  Cambria, 
Putnam,  Radnor,  Delawai'e,  Columbus, 
Granville,  Newark,  Harrison,  Talmadge, 
Parisville,  Palmyra,  Youngstown,  Pome- 
roy,  Ironton,  Oak  Hill,  Portsmouth,  Cai- 
mel,  and  Tynrhos.  In  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois ;  —  at  Chicago  and  Byrock.  In  the 
State   of  Wisconsin; — at  Racine,  Pike- 


402 


Welsh  Congregational  Churches. 


[Oct. 


grove,  Milwaukie,  Welsh  Prairie,  Cam- 
bria, Oshkosh,  Neenah,  Rosendale,  Berlin, 
Pine  River,  Fox  Lake,  Delafield,  Water- 
ville,  Ridgeway,  Blue  Mound,  Dodge- 
ville.  Bethel,  Ixonia,  Eramett,  Spring 
Green,  and  LaCrosse.  In  the  State  of 
Iowa;  —  at  Long  Creek,  Flint  Creek, 
Williamsburgh,  Guildford,  Old  Man's 
Creek,  and  Monroe.  And  a  few  of  them 
have  gone  as  far  as  Minnesota,  California, 
and  Oregon.  Almost  all  of  them  are 
constant  hearers  of  the  gospel,  and  many 
thousands  of  them  are  real  Christians,  pro- 
fessing pure  Christianity,  among  the  differ- 
ent religious  denominations,  viz  :  Calvin- 
istic  Methodists,  Wesleyan  Methodists, 
Baptists,  and  Congregationalists.  A  few 
cleave  to  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Eng- 
land ;  and  those  who  went  with  the  Mor- 
mons to  Salt  Lake  were  the  most  degrad- 
ed characters,  ignorant,  hardened,  and 
irreligious,  from  the  Iron  Works  of  South 
Wales.  In  all  of  the  above  settlements 
there  are  Welsh  Christian  churches,  and 
some  of  them  are  very  flourishing,  pos- 
sessing very  eminent  and  popular  minis- 
ters. The  Congregationalists  and  the 
Calvinistic  Methodists  are  the  most  nu- 
merous in  all  the  States ;  they  have  near- 
ly five  thousand  members  each  ;  and  the 
Baptists  and  the  Wesleyan  Methodists 
together  may  average  that  number,  more 
or  less.  Their  poets  and  literary  men 
are  numerous ;  and  their  literature  is  now 
advancing  in  this  country.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  their  publications  :  The  Dnjd 
and  GwiUedydd,  and  the  Cijmro,  two 
weekly  papers,  published  in  this  city  ;  the 
Cijfaill,  edited  by  Rev.  W.  Rowland  (C. 
M.),  the  Clubadur,  edited  by  Rev.  R. 
Everett  (Ind.),  and  the  Seren  Oolleuinol, 
edited  by  Rev.  R.  Edwards  (B.) 

The  Welsh  Congregationalists  in  the 
State  of  New  Youk  have  22  places  of 
v.-orship,  13  ordained  pastors,  7  local 
preachers,  2,803  regular  hearers,  1,309 
church  members,  64  church  officers,  873 
Sabbath  School  scholars,  all  in  connection 
with  the  "  Welsh  Congregational  Associ- 
ation of  the   State   of  New  York,"  and 


under  the  respective  charges  of  the  fol- 
lowing ministers  :  — 

Rev.  Robert  Everett,  Stuben  (Remsen  P.  0.), 
Oneida  (?o. 

"     Morris  Roberts,  Remsen,  Oneida  Co. 

"  Hugh  R.  Williams,  Prospect,  Trenton, 
Oneida  Co. 

"  William  D.  Williams,  Deerfield  (Utica 
P.  O.)  Oneida  Co, 

"  John  R.  Griffiths,  Bethany,  Marcy, 
Oneida  Co. 

"    Edward  Davies,  Waterville,  Oneida  Co. 

*'    David  Price,  Utica,  Oneida  Co. 

"     William  Roberts,  Turin,  Lewis  Co. 

"     David  E.  Pritchard,  Turin,  Lewis  Co. 

"     John  Lloyd,  Nelson  Flatts,  Madison  Co. 

"  James  Griffiths  (Sandusky  P.  0.),  Cat- 
taraugus Co. 

"  Thomas  D.  Rees,  Richville,  St.  Law- 
rence Co. 

"  R.  D.  Thomas,  11th  Street  Church  (171 
8th  Avenue),  New  York. 

In  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  they 
have  1 9  places  of  worship,  1 1  ordained 
ministers,  3  local  preachers,  2,418  regular 
hearers,  1,334  church  members,  44  church 
officers,  and  1,139  Sunday  School  schol- 
ars. Most  of  them  are  connected  with 
the  "  Pennsylvania  Welsh  Congregation- 
al Association,"  and  under  the  pastoral 
charge  of  the  following  ministers  :  — 

Rev.  LI.  R.Powell,  Ebensburgh,  Cambria  Co. 
"    C.  D.  Jones,  Pittsburgh. 
"     D.  R.  Lewis,  Sharon,  Mercer  Co. 
"     John  Edwards,  Johnston,  Cambria  Co. 
"     Samuel  H.  Williams,  Leraysville  P.  O., 

Bradford  Co. 
"     Roderick     R.     Williams,     Minersville, 

Schuylkill  Co. 
"     John  E.  Jones,  Port  Carbon,  Schuylkill 

Co. 
"     John  B.  Cook,  Danville,  Montour  Co. 
"     D.  W.  Jones,  Scranton,  Luzerne  Co. 
"     William   Thomas,   Tomaqua,  Schuylkill 

Co. 
"     Evan  B.  Evans,  Hyde   Park,   Luzerne 

Co. 
"     Daniel  Daniels,  Dundaff,    Susquehanna 

Co. 
"     Lewis   Williams,    Carbondale,    Luzerne 

Co. 
"     David    Davies,     Brady's    Bend,     Arm- 
strong Co. 
"     Griffith  Samuel,  Slate  Hill. 

In   the  State  of  Ohio  they  have  23 


I860.] 


Welsh  Congregational  Churches. 


403 


places  of  worship,  13  ordained  pastors, 
7  local  preachers,  1,882  regular  hearers, 
1,096  church  members,  40  church  officers, 
and  1,219  Sabbath  School  scholars,  all  in 
connection  with  the  "  Ohio  Welsh  Con- 
gregational Association,"  and  under  the 
charge  of  the  following  ministers  :  — 

Rev.  Thomas  Edwards,  Cincinnati. 
"     J.  M.  Pryse,  Paddy's  Run,  Butler  Co. 
"     James  Davies,  Cambria  P.  0.,  Allen  Co. 
''     Rees  Powell,  Radnor,  Delaware  Co. 
"     J.  H.  Jones,  Columbus  City. 
"     D.  R.  Jynkyns,  Newark,  Licking  Co. 
"    John  Williams,  Harrison,  Licking  Co. 
**    David  Davies,  Parisville,  Portage  Co. 
"    Thomas    Evans,    Youngstown,    Maho- 

ming  Co. 
"    Lot  Jenkins,  Pomeroy. 
"     T.  TV.  Davies,  Ironton,  Lawrence  Co. 
"    John  A.  Davies,  Oak  Hill,  Jackson  Co. 
"     "William  Edwards,  Minersville. 
"    J.  P.  Thomas,  Carmel,  Gallia  Co. 
"    Evan  Davies,  Tynrhos,  Gallia  Co. 
"     B.  W.   Childlaw,  Cleves,   Hamilton  Co. 

(Am.  S.  S.  agent.) 

In  the  State  of  Wisconsin  they  have 
17  places  of  worship,  10  ordained  pas- 
ters, 3  assistant  preachers,  1,245  regular 
hearers,  524  church  members,  33  deacons 
and  other  church  officers,  and  580  Sab- 
bath School  scholars.  Most  of  the 
churches  and  ministers  are  connected  with 
the  "  Presbyterian  and  Congregational 
Convention  of  Wisconsin,"  and  are  sup- 
ported by  the  "  American  Home  Mission- 
ary Society."  The  oldest  Welsh  Congre- 
gational Church  is  that  at  Delafield,  which 
was  established  July,  1 844 ;  and  that  at 
Racine,  which  was  founded  Jan.  3,  1848. 
During  the  past  13  years,  on  account  of 
the  great  increase  of  emigration,  and  the 
blessing  of  God  on  the  ministerial  labors 
of  his  faithful  servants,  the  churches  and 
congregations  have  gradually  increased 
there  ;  but  most  of  them  are  as  yet  small 
and  weak.  They  are  under  the  charges 
of  the  following  ministers :  — 

Rev.  Evan  Griffiths,  Racine. 
"     John  Parry,  Cambria,  Columbia  Co. 
«     Griffith  Griffiths,   Oskkosh,  Winnebego 

Co. 
"     John  Davies,   Bothelle  P.  O.,  Fond  du 

Lac  Co. 

VOL.  II.  42* 


Rev.  Richard  Williams,    Berlin,    Marquette 

Co. 
"     Richard  Morris,  Waterville,  Waukesha 

Co. 
"     Evan  Owen,  Dodgeville,  Iowa  Co. 
"     David  Lewis,  Jennieton  P.  0.,  Iowa  Co. 
"     John  Davies,  Jonesville,  Sauk  Co. 
"     David  Jones,  Dover,  Iowa  Co. 
"    Samuel  Jones,  Bangor,  LaCrosse. 

In  the  State  of  Iowa  they  have  6 
places  of  worship,  4  ordained  pastors,  1 
assistant  preacher,  253  regular  hearers, 
103  church  members,  9  deacons,  and  190 
Sunday  School  scholars,  under  the 
charge  of  the  following  ministers  :  — 

Rev.   Thomas    W.    Evans,    Columbus   City, 

Louisa  Co. 
"    Morris  Jones,   Old  Man's  Creek,   near 

Iowa  City. 
"     J.   LI.   Richards,  George  Town   P.   0., 

Monroe  Co. 

There  are  Congregational  ministers  la- 
boring among  the  following  churches, 
which  are  made  up  of  members  belong- 
ing to  different  denominations,  namely  :  — 

Rev.  Griffith  Jones,  Fairhaven,  Ptutland  Co., 

Vermont. 
"     R.  M.  Evans,  Little  Rock,  Kendall  Co., 

Illinois. 
"     Jenkin  Jenkins,  Minnesota. 
"     George   Lewis,   Neosha,   near  Emporia 

City,  Kansas. 
"     Samuel    Roberts,    M.  A.,    Huntsville, 

Scott  Co.,  Tennessee. 

The  total  number  of  the  Welsh  Congre- 
gational churches  and  their  ministers,  in 
the  United  States,  in  1858,  were  as  fol- 
lows, excluding  churches  containing  mem- 
of  different  denominations,  as  well  as 
their  pastors :  — 


m 

Si 

ce  S 

i  .dg 

li 

States. 

is 

to  rt 

msi 

p-is: 

Pj 

rH 

C^S 

o    oo 

m  'SI 

New  York, 

22 

13 

7 

2.803 

1,309    64 

873 

Penn., 

27 

15 

3 

2.418 

1,334    44 

1,139 

Ohio, 

23 

13 

/ 

1,882 

1,096    40 

1,219 

Wisconsin, 

17 

10 

3 

1,245 

524    33 

580 

Iowa, 

6 

4 

1 

253 

103      9 

190 

Total, 

95 

55 

21 

8,601 

4,366  190 

4,001 

The  Christian  efforts  and  principles  of 
the  Welsh  Congregational  churches  in 
America,  are  spoken  of  as  follows  :  — 


404 


The  Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgnms. 


[Oct. 


In  our  own  humble  opinion,  as  far  as  we 
are  able  to  judge,  after  reading  the  history, 
resolutions,  and  principles  of  the  American 
Congregational  churches  in  the  States  of 
New  England  and  New  York,  contained  in 
the  "  Congregational  Year-Book,"  and  ad- 
vocated in  the  Inde^iendent,  the  Welsh  Con- 
gregational churches  in  this  country  are 
exactly  like  them,  "  walking  by  the  same 
lule  and  minding  the  same  thing  ; " — their 
great  end  is  the  salvation  of  souls  and  the 
glory  of  God.  Like  their  ancient  fathers, 
their  sister  churches,  and  their  faithful 
brethren  in  their  native  land,  they  have 
and  do  still  advocate  and  svipport  the  glori- 
ous doctrines  of  pure  Christianity,  which 
were  preached  by  the  Saviour  himself,  and 
by  his  apostles  ;  were  received  at  the  time 
of  the  Protestant  reformation ;  and  are 
rapidly  diffused  through  the  Avorld  by  the 
co-operation  of  the  Bible  and  Missionary 
Societies.  They  love  liberty  and  are  the 
greatest  ememies  to  slavery.  About  fifteen 
years  ago,  the  Rev.  Robert  Everett,  Stu- 
ben,  Oneida  Co.,  suffered  even  persecution 
from  the  members  of  his  own  Church,  and 
others,  because  of  his  strong  and  unanswer- 
able articles  against  the  abominable  sin  of 


slavery,  which  appeared,  just  at  that  time, 
in  our  monthly  periodical,  called  the  "  Ceu- 
hadur,"  edited  by  himself.  At  last,  the 
power  of  his  arguments  conquered  ;  many 
of  his  most  severe  persecutors  became  his 
real  friends ;  and  now  his  principles  are 
imbibed  and  supported  by  the  Welsh  peo- 
ple generally  in  the  States.  Divine  truth 
and  liberty  must  certainly  prosper ;  and 
the  great  idol  —  Slavery  —  must  be  crush- 
ed ;  and  great  will  be  its  downfall  !  Their 
peculiar  tenets  are,  the  Bible,  the  whole 
Bible,  and  nothing  but  the  Bible  as  the 
standard  of  faith,  and  the  rule  of  conduct ; 
the  right  of  every  man  to  judge  for  him- 
self; the  right  of  every  Christian  Church  to 
minister  her  own  discii^line,  and  to  trans- 
act all  her  religious  affairs  within  herself, 
without  being  responsible  to  any  other 
Church  whomsoever,  but  to  Christ  and  to 
his  Word  alone  ;  the  importance  of  a  holy, 
educated,  and  earnest  stated  ministry,  and 
the  duty  of  the  churches  to  support  them 
liberally ;  the  great  usefulness  of  Sabbath 
Schools,  Temperance,  and  all  Christian 
Societies  ;  and  the  necessity  of  the  divine 
influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 


A  LESSON  FROM  THE  PAST : 
THE    REVIVAL    SPIRIT    OF    THE    PILGRIMS. 


BY    REV.    JOSEPH    S.    CLARK,    D.D. 


The  history  of  revivals,  if  fully  written, 
would  show  that  the  churches  of  New 
England  were  familiar  with  these  effu- 
sions of  the  Spirit  at  an  earlier  date  than 
is  usually  supposed,  if,  indeed,  they  were 
not  the  first  in  these  latter  ages,  to  expe- 
rience their  power.  From  the  time  of 
that  great  awakening  on  the  day  of  Pen- 
tecost, when  three  thousand  were  con- 
verted under  one  and  the  same  powerful, 
sympathetic  impulse,  proceeding  from  the 
Holy  Spirit  through  the  preaching  of 
Peter,  there  had  been  a  gradual  disap- 
pearance of  such  phenomena,  till  their 
recurrence  among  these  Congregational 
churches.  True,  there  had  been  many 
reformative  movements,  more  or  less  reli- 


gious in  their  character ;  but  seldom  or 
never  marked  by  the  sudden  and  simulta- 
neous conversion  of  men  in  multitudes,  as 
in  apostolic  times. 

American  revivals,  as  these  effusions  of 
of  the  Spirit  were  called  before  they 
spread  all  over  Christendom,  can  be 
traced  back  to  the  first  settlement  of  New 
England.  The  pungent  presentation  of 
divine  truth  to  the  hearts  of  impenitent 
sinners,  coming  as  it  did,  from  the  glowing 
hearts  of  preachers  whose  single  aim  it 
was  to  "  commend  themselves  to  every 
man's  conscience  in  the  sight  of  God," 
produced  awakenings  on  the  spot  before 
the  sermon  was  through.  It  could  hardly 
have  been  otherwise,  supposing  the  theory 


I860.] 


The  Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


405 


of  revivals,  as  now  understood  by  Evan- 
gelical Christians,  to  be  the  true  one. 
There,  in  the  pulpit,  stood  the  messenger 
of  God — so  viewed  by  all  the  people — 
who  recognized  in  the  pews  before  him, 
two  distinct  classes  of  hearers — the  friends 
and  the  enemies  of  his  Lord  and  Master; 
for,  though  the  latter  were  but  an  incon- 
siderable minority,  in  some  of  those  fa- 
vored congregations,  their  case  was  all  the 
more  affecting  on  that  account,  and  was 
likely  to  be  treated  with  more  personality. 
The  one  great  necessity  in  such  cases — 
the  preacher  felt  sure  of  it — was  the  new 
birth.  They  "  must  be  born  again." 
This  was  the  key  note  of  all  his  addresses 
to  them.  No  other  teaching  was  adapted 
to  their  wants.  The  performance  of  no 
other  duty  could  avail  anything  till  this 
was  done.  And  then  too,  these  startling 
announcements  were  delivered  with  an 
earnestness  and  a  godly  sincerity,  corres- 
pondent with  their  solemn  import.  Tho- 
mas Shepard  of  Cambridge,  who  may  be 
taken  as  a  representative  minister  of  that 
day,  said,  among  his  last  words,  "  I  never 
preached  a  sermon,  which  in  composing, 
did  not  cost  me  prayers,  with  strong  cry- 
ing and  tears.  I  never  went  up  into  my 
pulpit,  but  as  if  I  was  going  to  give  an 
account  of  myself  to  God."  What  won- 
der if  such  sermons,  thus  prepared  and 
preached,  were  like  the  fire  and  the  ham- 
mer ?  Was  it  strange  that,  "  when  the 
people  returned  from  meeting,  it  was  a 
question  which  those  who  had  been  detain- 
ed at  home  were  wont  to  ask  them.  Whe- 
ther any  body  appeared  to  he  wrought  upon 
to-day  f  or.  Whether  there  had  been  any 
visible  effects  of  the  word  f  "  as  though  it 
were  a  thing  of  course,  almost,  that  some- 
body should  be  so  impressed,  as  to  attract 
the  notice  of  the  congregation.  [Chris- 
tian Hist.,  Vol.  I.  p.  217.]  Increase  Ma- 
ther, in  his  old  age,  referring  to  the  minis- 
try on  which  he  attended  in  childhood, 
says,  "  Scarce  a  sermon  preached,  but 
some  were  evidently  converted,  and  some- 
times hundreds  in  a  sermon." 

Similar  attestations  to  the  awakening 


and  converting  power  of  the  preaching  at 
that  day,  might  be  multiplied  to  almost 
any  extent.  Mr.  Prince,  speaking  of  Mr. 
Shepard,  says,  "  I  was  told  when  a  youth 
by  elderly  people,  that  he  scarce  ever 
preached  a  sermon,  but  some  one  or  other 
of  his  congregation,  were  struck  with  great 
distress  of  soul,  and  cried  out  aloud  in 
agony.  What  shall  I  do  to  be  saved  ? 
Though  his  voice  was  low,  yet  so  searching 
was  his  preaching,  and  so  great  a  power 
attending,  as  an  hypocrit  could  not  easily 
bear  it,  and  it  seemed  almost  irresistable." 
In  a  sermon  preached  before  the  legisla- 
ture of  Connecticut,  in  1674,  by  Rev. 
James  Fitch,  of  Norwich,  on  the  text, 
"  For  I,  saith  the  Lord,  will  be  to  her  a 
wall  of  fire  round  about,  and  will  be  the 
glory  in  the  midst  of  her,"  under  the 
third  "  Use,"  is  found  the  following  lan- 
guage :  "  Let  us  call  to  mind  the  fii'st 
glory  in  the  first  planting  of  New  Eng- 
land, and  of  the  churches  here.  Let  us 
not  speak  or  think  of  this,  to  the  under- 
valuing of  that  glory,  which  yet  remain- 
eth  :  that  is  far  from  my  scope  ;  but  as  a 
means  to  retain  what  is  [left],  and  to 
recover  what  is  lost,  if  it  may  be.  And 
when  we  call  to  mind  that  first  glory,  shall 
not  our  hearts  be  poured  out  within  us  ? 
Not  only  calling  to  mind  how  the  Lord 
did  make  his  name  glorious,  by  leading 
his  people  through  sea-perils,  and  wilder- 
ness-dangers, Isa.  Ixiii  :  14  ;  but,  O  that 
converting  glory  which  did  then  appear  ! 
Multitudes  were  converted  to  thee, 
O  Zion,  '  thine  heart  afraid  and  yet 
enlarged,'  Isa.  Ix  :  4,  5.  Let  me  say, 
Multitudes,  multitudes  were  con- 
verted to  thee,  O  Hartford,  to  thee,  O 
New  Haven,  and  to  thee,  O  Windsor ; 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  many 
churches  of  Christ  in  New  England." 

The  facts  that  could  justify  such  state- 
ments as  these,  must  have  been  very 
extraordinary  facts — pentecostal,  we  may 
call  them ;  for  nothing,  so  much  like  the 
day  of  pentecost,  had  ever  been  seen. 
The  highest  tide  of  revival  interest  that 
has  been  witnessed  in  our  times,  does  not 


406 


The  Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


[Oct. 


afford  a  parallel,  unless  it  be  found  in  the 
awakenings  that  have  lately  visited  Ire- 
land. And  if  we  look  at  these  facts  in 
connection  with  the  style  of  preaching 
■which  produced  them,  namely,  the  neces- 
sity of  the  "  new  birth  "  pressed  upon  the 
consciences  of  sinners,  by  preachei's  who 
had  "  wept  in  secret  places  over  their 
pride,"  and  who  preached  as  if  in  the 
sight  of  God,  and  the  day  of  judgment, 
the  results  will  appear  to  be  as  philosoph- 
ical, as  they  are  scriptural.  And  they 
are  in  exact  accordance  with  the  theory 
of  revivals,  which  the  experience  of  two 
subsequent  centuries  has  established. 

But  a  change  was  gradually  taking 
place  in  the  religious  type  of  the  age.  As 
it  was  in  the  Apostolic,  so  was  it  in  these 
Puritan  times,  a  declension  ensued.  That 
bright  constellation  of  faithful,  fervid 
preachers  which  appeared  in  this  western 
hemisphere,  in  the  early  part  of  the  sev- 
enteenth century,  presiding  over  the  be- 
ginnings of  these  churches,  and  shaping 
their  destiny,  was  disappearing,  and  its 
place  in  the  firmament  was  occupied  by 
stars  of  a  diminished  luster.  The  period 
embraced  within  the  first  forty  or  fifty 
years,  was  beginning  to  be  looked  back 
upon  for  models  and  precedents,  as  it  has 
been  ever  since  ;  and  those  who  could 
"  remember  the  years  of  ancient  times  " 
mourned  over  modern  degeneracy.  In 
Prince's  Election  Sermon,  for  1 730,  the 
downward  process  is  thus  sketched  :  "  A 
little  after  1660,  there  began  to  appear  a 
decay;  and  this  increased  to  1670,  when 
it  grew  very  visible  and  threatening,  and 
was  generally  complained  of,  and  bewailed 
bitterly  by  the  pious  among  them ;  yet 
much  more  to  1680,  when  but  few  of  the 
first  generation  remained." 

And  here,  in  these  lamentations,  we 
have  another  token  of  the  revival  spirit, 
which  is  likely  to  be  followed  by  another 
revival  season.  None  laid  these  things 
more  deeply  to  heart  than  the  ministers  ; 
and  nowhei'e  did  they  give  more  copious 
vent  to  their  bitter  lamentations  and  faith- 
ful rebukes,  than  on  those  august  occa- 


sions, when  called  to  preach  the  "  Elec- 
tion Sermon."  Take  the  following  as 
specimens  of  the  style  in  which  his  Excel- 
lency, the  governor,  and  his  associates  in 
the  government,  were  annually  addressed, 
for  ten  or  fifteen  years  in  succession.  Mr. 
Stoughton,  in  his  Election  sermon  of  1668, 
utters  the  following  pointed  exclamations: 
"  How  is  New  England  in  danger  to  be 
lost,  even  in  New  England  !  To  be  bur- 
ied in  its  own  ruins  !  How  is  the  good 
grain  diminished,  and  the  chaff  increased ! 
How  is  our  wine  mixed  with  water ! 
What  coolings  and  abatements  ai'e  there 
to  be  charged  upon  us  in  the  things  that 
are  good,  and  what  have  been  our  glory ! 
We  have  abated  in  our  esteem  of  ordi- 
nances, in  our  hungering  and  thirsting 
after  the  rich  provisions  of  the  house  of 
God ;  in  our  good  stomachs  to  all  that 
which  is  set  before  us  upon  the  table  of 
the  gospel.  Ah,  how  doth  the  unsound- 
ness, the  rottenness  and  hypocrisy  of  too 
many  amongst  us  make  itself  known,  as  It 
was  with  Joash  after  the  death  of  Jehoi- 
ada  !"  Still  more  pointedly  Mr.  Walley, 
in  his  Election  sermon  at  Plymouth,  the 
year  following,  deals  in  such  interrogato- 
ries as  these :  "  Are  we  not  this  day 
making  graves  for  all  our  blessings  and 
comforts  ?  Have  we  not  reason  to  expect 
that  erelong  our  mourners  will  go  up  and 
down,  and  say  :  How  is  New  England 
fallen  !  The  land  that  was  a  land  of  holi- 
ness, hath  lost  her  holiness !  that  was  a 
land  of  righteousness,  hath  lost  her  righ- 
teousness !  that  was  a  land  of  peace,  hath 
lost  her  peace  !  that  was  a  land  of  liberty, 
is  now  in  sore  bondage  !  "  Mr.  Samuel 
Danforth,  who  preached  the  Massachusetts 
Election  sermon,  in  1670,  after  propound- 
ing it  as  "  a  solemn  and  serious  encjuiry  " 
whether  his  auditors  "  have  not,  in  a  great 
measure,  forgot  their  errand  into  the  wil- 
derness : "  and  reminding  them  "  how 
careful  you  once  were,  even  all  sorts, 
young  and  old,  high  and  low,  to  take  hold 
of  religious  opportunities,"  thus  winds  up 
his  appeal  to  their  consciences  :  "  Doth 
not  a  careless,  remiss,  flat,  cold,  dead  frame 


I860.] 


The  Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims. 


407 


of  spirit  grow  upon  you  secretly,  strongly, 
prodigiously  ?  "  In  Mr.  Samuel  Torrey's 
sermon  preached  before  the  General 
Court  of  Massachusetts,  in  1683,  after 
alluding  to  the  suspension  of  revivals,  he 
says :  "  This  is  one  of  the  most  awaken- 
ing and  humbling  considerations  of  our 
present  state  and  constitution.  Consider 
we,  then,  how  much  it  [religion]  is  dying 
respecting  the  very  being  of  it,  by  the 
general  failure  of  the  work  of  conver- 
sion ;  whereby  only  it  is  that  religion  is 
piopagated,  continued,  and  upheld  in 
being  among  any  people.  As  convert- 
ing-work doth  cease,  so  religion  doth 
die  away,  though  more  "  insensibly,  yet 
most  irrevocably." 

Such  preaching,  we  may  be  sure,  was 
not  without  its  effect.  The  magistrates, 
who  had  taken  a  large  share  of  it  to  them- 
selves, were  the  first  to  awake.  Next  to 
the  ministers  they  were  deemed  the  cus- 
todians of  religion — the  nursing  fathers  of 
Christ's  Church  on  the  earth.  Nothing 
but  a  formal  request  from  the  pastors  was 
needed,  and  "  the  General  Court  of  the 
Massachusetts  colony  prevailed  withal," 
says  Cotton  Mather,  "  to  call  upon  the 
churches,  that  they  would  send  their 
elders  and  other  messengers  to  meet  in  a 
synod,  for  the  solemn  discussion  of  these 
two  questions  :  '  What  are  the  provoking 
evils  of  New  England  ? '  and,  '  What  is  to 
be  done,  that  these  evils  may  be  re- 
formed ?  ' "  The  meeting  was  convened 
on  the  10th  of  September,  1679,  and  is 
known  in  our  ecclesiastical  history  as  the 
"  Reforming  Synod."  From  all  accounts 
that  have  come  down  to  us,  it  must  have 
been  an  imposing  spectacle,  and  was  im- 
bued throughout  with  a  deep  religious 
interest.  A  general  fast  was  kept,  as  a  fit- 
ting preparative  for  the  meeting,  and  the 
entire  business  of  the  first  day,  after  the 
choice  of  two  moderators  and  a  scribe, 
partook  of  the  same  character.  "  Several 
days  "  were  spent  "  in  discoursing  upon 
the  two  grand  questions  laid  before  them, 
with  utmost  liberty  granted  unto  every 
person  to  express  his  thoughts  thereupon." 


A  large  and  learned  committee  then  drew 
up  the  result,  which  after  being  read  twice, 
and  "  each  paragraph  distinctly  weighed," 
was  unanimously  adopted. 

This  Result  is  too  long  to  be  Inserted 
here  in  full,  and  too  important,  as  an 
illustration  of  the  revival  spirit  of  those 
times,  to  be  wholly  left  out.  Thirteen 
"  provoking  evils  "  are  specified,  such  as, 
1st,  a  great  and  visible  decay  of  the  power 
of  godliness  amongst  professors ;  2d, 
abounding  pride  ;  3d,  neglect  of  Church 
communion  ;  4th,  profanencss  ;  5th,  Sab- 
bath-breaking ;  6th,  neglect  of  family  reli- 
gion ;  7th,  frequent  lawsuits  ;  8th,  intem- 
perence  ;  9th,  promise-breaking  ;  lOtb, 
worldliness  ;  11th,  incorrlgibleness  under 
judgments;  12th,  selfishness;  and,  13th, 
a  persistent  disregard  of  the  gospel  sum- 
mons to  repentance  and  reformation,  when 
these  evils  are  pointed  out.  The  reme- 
dies which  this  Result  proposes,  are  mainly 
such  as  the  nature  of  the  evils  themselves 
suggest,  together  with  a  "  solemn  and  ex- 
plicit renewal  of  covenant "  in  all  the 
churches  ;  and  that  in  doing  this,  "  the  sins 
of  the  times  should  be  engaged  against," 
and  reformation  publicly  pledged ;  and, 
finally,  "  Inasmuch  as  all  outward  means 
will  be  Ineffectual,  except  the  Lord  pour 
down  his  Spirit  from  on  high,"  it  is  earn- 
estly recommended  "  to  cry  mightily  unto 
God  "  for  such  an  effusion  of  the  spirit. 

It  should  be  remembered.  In  passing, 
that  in  this  array  of  "  provoking  evils,"  as 
set  forth  in  some  of  the  details,  we  find 
more  evidence  of  a  tender  conscience 
than  of  heinous  guilt.  For  instance,  un- 
der the  head  of"  profaneness,"  one  of  the 
specifications,  is  "  Irreverent  behavior  in 
the  solemn  worship  of  God,"  such  as 
"  for  men  (though  not  necessitated  there- 
unto by  any  Infirmity)  to  sit  in  prayer- 
time,  and  to  give  way  to  their  own  sloth 
and  sleepiness,  when  they  should  be  serv- 
ing God  with  attention  and  Intention,  un- 
der the  solemn  dispensation  of  his  ordi- 
nances." The  specifications  of  "  Sabbath- 
breaking  "  are  "  unsuitable  discourses," 
"  walking  abroad,"  and  a  neglect  "  so  to 


408 


The  Revival  JSjjint  of  the  Pilgrims. 


[Oct. 


despatch  their  worldly  business  that  they 
may  be  free  and  fit  for  the  duties  of  the 
Lord's  Day."  But  even  such  slight  delin- 
quencies as  these  show  a  marked  falling  off 
from  the  spirit  of  a  former  age,  and  were 
deemed  of  sufficient  enormity  to  justify 
the  calling  of  a  Synod. 

The  most  effective  step  in  this  attempt- 
ed reformation,  and  one  which  illustrates 
the  true  revival  spirit,  was  the  renewal  of 
covenant,  in  which  the  example  of  Mas- 
sachusetts was  followed  by  the  Plymouth 
and  Connecticut  Colonies.  Judging 
from  incidental  allusions,  found  in  ser- 
mons preached  on  those  occasions,  there 
was  no  simultaneous  or  concerted  action 
in  this  matter ;  but  each  pastor  took  his 
own  method,  by  a  course  of  preliminary 
meetings,  to  bring  his  Church  into  a  fit 
state  of  feeling,  after  which,  by  their  con- 
curring vote,  the  time  was  set  for  the  sol- 
emn transaction.  The  appointed  day 
was  spent  in  fasting.  In  the  forenoon 
the  pastor  preached  a  sermon  suited  to 
the  occasion,  which  was  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  the  reading  of  the  covenant ; 
either  that  into  which  the  members  orig- 
inally entered,  with  such  additions  as  the 
case  seemed  to  require,  or  another  pre- 
pared expressly  for  the  purpose,  and  all 
the  Church,  standing  up,  gave  their  for- 
mal assent  to  it,  and  their  express  promise 
to  keep  it.  Then  came,  in  the  afternoon, 
another  sermon,  designed  to  enforce  the 
covenant  obligations.  Usually  this  latter 
sremon  was  preached  by  some  neighbor- 
ing minister;  for  these  covenanting  days, 
like  the  "  four  days  meetings  "  of  later 
later  times,  often  drew  together  a  vast 
concourse  of  people  from  neighboring 
towns.  The  measure,  wherever  it  was 
taken  up  and  pursued  on  this  wise,  was 
attended  with  marked  results.  "  Many 
thousands  of  spectators  will  testify,"  says 
Cotton  Mather,  in  his  remarks  on  the  Re- 
forming Synod,  "  that  they  never  saw  the 
special  presence  of  the  great  God  our 
Saviour  more  notably  discovered,  than  in 
the  solemnities  of  these  opportunities." 
The  coming  tide  of  "  provoking  evils " 


was  turned  back,  at  least  for  a  time,  and 
decaying  piety  revived.  Many  a  pray- 
ing Anna  rejoiced  in  the  gracious  answers 
vouchsafed  to  her  long-continued  prayers. 
Many  a  w;aiting  Simeon  left  the  world, 
exclaiming,  "  Now  lettest  thou  thy  servant 
depart  in  peace  ;  for  mine  eyes  have  seen 
thy  great  salvation."  And  but  for  the 
political  storm  that  burst  upon  the  colo- 
nies just  then,  under  the  despotic  rule  of 
Andros,  which  ended  the  Puritan  Com- 
monwealth, the  revival  would  have  been 
of  much  greater  extent  and  of  longer  du- 
ration. 

But  let  it  not  be  imagined  that  the  in- 
fluence of  those  Puritan  revivals  ceased 
with  the  Puritan  Commonwealth.  What- 
ever exalted  ideas  we  may  have  of  God's 
holy  sovereignty  in  the  conversion  of 
men,  we  cannot  doubt  that  these  effusions 
of  the  Spirit,  which  in  later  times  have  so 
distinguished  our  land,  have  had  a  natu- 
ral and  a  necessary  connection  with  a 
kind  of  preaching,  and  praying,  and  sol- 
emn covenanting  and  trusting  in  God, 
which  was  copied  from  those  same  Puri- 
tan fathers.  And  it  is  worthy  of  special 
note  in  this  connection,  that  the  leading 
actors  in  the  "  great  awakening,"  near 
the  middle  of  the  last  century,  in  consul- 
tation upon  the  best  means  of  promoting 
that  work  of  God,  could  think  of  nothing 
more  hopeful  than  to  recall  public  atten- 
tion to  the  revival  principles,  and  prac- 
tices, and  preaching  of  those  fathers,  as 
was  done  at  the  instance  of  President  Ed- 
wards, through  the  periodical  press,  in  the 
form  of  "  The  Christian  History,"  issued 
in  weekly  numbers,  at  Boston,  through 
several  years.  The  effect  was  powerful 
and  far-reaching.  As  a  means  of  vindi- 
cating that  work  of  God  from  the  sneers 
and  reproaches  which  were  cast  upon  it 
by  the  learned  Dr.  Chauncy  and  others, 
it  was  like  the  sling  and  the  stone  of  Da- 
vid in  combat  with  Golial.  Or  rather,  it 
was  the  young  Elisha,  taking  up  the  fallen 
mantle  of  Elijah,  and  wielding  it  with  more 
than  Elijah's  power,  in  opening  a  passage 
through  the  opposing  billows  of  Jordan. 


I860.] 


American  Denominational  Staiisties. 


409 


AMERICAN  DENOMINATIONAL  STATISTICS. 


COMPILED    BY   RET.    A.    H.    GUINT. 


The  following  grand  total  of  Regular  Baptists  in  North  America,  we  take  from 
the  American  Baptist  Almanac  for  1861  : — 


States. 


« 

ni   03 

■h 

.s 

Il 

o  ■ 

6% 

ci 

1 
o 

^1 

29 

807 

415 

73 

5j042 

60,231 

16 

301 

145 

22 

1,204 

10,974 

3 

53 

52 

9 

300 

1,822 

7 

119 

117 

13 

439 

18,273 

— 

3 

4 

— 

13 

426 

— 

5 

8 

5 

50 

1,069 

4 

112 

57 

12 

641 

5,216 

38 

996 

586 

177 

5,481 

84,022 

•21 

496 

336 

57 

2,188 

30,504 

33 

495 

256 

45 

2,179 

■28,038 

4 

45 

40 

— 

400 

4,300 

12 

230 

159 

34 

1,173 

10,804 

3 

30 

15 

1 

24 

537 

39 

845 

372 

37 

5,136 

81,262 

10 

212 

109 

6 

864 

10,331 

13 

277 

183 

9 

703 

21,380 

1 

34 

30 

— 

198 

4,143 

14 

268 

289 

15 

1,204 

36,518 

11 

207 

165 

4 

728 

12,563 

4 

70 

50 

— 

215 

1,900 

22 

596 

305 

45 

3,362 

41,482 

37 

713 

401 

40 

2,673 

42,080 

1 

,   9 

5 

1 

10 

127 

7 

93 

78 

0 

166 

8,359 

4 

120 

135 

19 

891 

16,911 

45 

839 

784 

110 

4,474 

92,873 

29 

692 

374 

65 

5,245 

59,778 

30 

504 

376 

62 

2,562 

31,819 

3 

31 

19 

15 

15 

853 

17 

385 

288 

48 

2,530 

37,278 

2 

51 

61 

5 

1,389 

9,015 

18 

469 

285 

11 

4,856 

61,965 

24 

663 

386 

50 

3,727 

46,397 

21 

450 

258 

20 

2,408 

18,727 

7 

110 

95 

3 

414 

8,097 

27 

761 

412 

75 

7,840 

107,273 

11 

188 

123 

6 

695 

8,794 

2 

45 

33 

12 

241 

2,357 

1 

13 

11 

3 

150 

551 

3 

34 

20 

250 

1,400 

576 

12,371 

7,837 

1,115 

72,080 

1,020,442 

3 

135 

70 

15 

1,539 

13,057 

2 

113 

65 

13 

460 

7,703 

8 

227 

100 

20 

1,232 

13,715 

4 

200 

150 

40 

1,800 

36,250 

593 

13,046 

8,221 

1,203 

77,111 

1,091,167 

Alabama, 

Arkansas, 

California, 

Connecticut, 

Delaware, 

District  of  Columbia, 

Florida, 

Georgia 

Illinois, 

Indiana, 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa, 

Kansas, 

Kentucky, 

Louisiana, 

Maine, 

Maryland, 

Massachusetts, 

Michigan, 

Minnesota, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, 

Nebraska, 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey, 

New  York 

North  Carolina, 

Ohio, 

Oregon, 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island, 

South  Carolina, 

Tennessee, 

Texas, 

Veimont, 

Virginia, 

Wisconsin, 

German  and  Dutch  Ch'sin  the  U.  S., 
Swedish  Churches  in  the  U.  States, 
"Welsh  Churches  in  the  United  States. 

t  Total  in  the  United  States,     . 

Nova  Scotia, 

New  Brunswick, 

Canada, 

*  West  India  Islands, 

Total  in  North  America,       .     . 


*  Estimated. 

t  Twenty-seven  Anti-Mission  Asssociations — 12  in  Illinois,  and  15  in  Indiana — hitherto  nnmhered  among 
the  llegular  Baptists,  are  not  enumerated  the  present  year.  The  aggregate  membership  of  these  Associations 
is  about  20,000. 


410 


American  Denominational  Statistics. 


[Oct. 


The  same  authority  gives  the  statistics  of  Other  Denominations  that  Prac- 
tice Immersion  as  follows  : — 


Names. 


o  rt 


•43  00 


^1 


Anti-Mission  Baptists, 

Free-AVill  Baptists, 

Six-Principle  Baptist, 

*  Seventh-Day  Baptists,     .... 
Church  of  God  (Winebrennarians), 

*  Disciples  (Campbellites),     .     .     . 

*  Tunkers, 

*  Mennonites, 


180 
143 


1,800 

1,298 

18 

56 

275 

2,000 

150 

300 


850 

1,044 

16 

70 

132 

2,000 

150 

250 


202 


10 


1,500 
4,366 


Total  Baptists, 


920 


18,943   12,733  1,415   81,477   1,628,815 


60,000 

59,791 
3,000 
6,577 

13,800 

350,000 

8,200 

36,280 


The  reports  of  the  two  General  Assem- 
blies of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  for 
the  past  year,  were  presented  at  their  May 
sessions,  from  which  we  obtain  the  facts 
below,  which  we  contrast  with  each  other, 
and  with  their  own  reports  for  the  pre- 
ceding year.  During  the  year  ending  May, 


Synods 

Presbyteries, 

Licentiates, 

Candidates  for  the  Ministry, 

Ministers,    .... 

Licensures, 

Ordinations, 

Installations,        .         .  • 

Pastoral  relations  dissolved. 

Ministers  deceased. 

Ministers  received  from  other  denominations. 

Ministers  dismissed  to  other  denominations. 

Churches  received  from  other  denominations, 

Churches  dismissed  to  other  denominations, 

Churches  organized,     . 

Churches  dissolved, 

Churches, 

Members  added  on'examination, 

Members  added  on  certificate. 

Total  number  of  communicants, 

Adults  baptized. 

Infants  baptized, 

Amount  contributed  for  home  purposes, 

"  "     Boards  and  Church  Extension, 

"  "    miscellaneous  purposes, 

Total  contributions,     ..... 

The  diminution  in  the  New  School  re- 
ports, of  1  Synod,  4  Presbyteries,  22  min- 
isters, 60  churches,  and  3,057  members,  is 


1860,  three  new  Presbyteries  have  been 
organized  in  connection  with  the  Old 
School  Assembly,  in  Monmouth,  Fairfield, 
and  Paget  Sound.  Of  the  New  School 
Assembly's  previous  list  there  is  a  loss  of 
four  Presbyteries. 


Old 

1859. 

33 

166 

297 

493 

2,577 

132 

91 

189 

134 

31 

42 

6 

23 

2 

118 

15 

3,487 

23,945 

10,879 

279,630 

6,672 

16,194 

#2,070,479 

542,695 

221,973 

#2,835,147 


School. 

1860. 

33 

171 

338 

534 

2,656 

166 

114 

166 

123 

37 

55 

14 

27 

2 

124 

37 

3,531 

17,899 

11,316 

297,927 

5,156 

15,631 

$2,241,916 

657,412 

275,976 

#3,175,304 


New  School. 


1859. 

23 

108 

134 

370 

1,545 


14 


1860. 

22 

104 

123 

300 

1,523 


20 


1,542 
10,705 
4,832 
137,990 
3,550 
4,308 


1,482 
5,171 
4,414 
134,933 
1,690 
3,506 


$271,678    #306,784 


more  than  accounted  for  by  the  omission, 
this  year,  of  the  seceding  Synod  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  part  of  that  of  Missouri. 


I860.] 


Ammcan  Denominational  Statidics. 


411 


The  following  ministers  have  (lied  dur- 
ing the  year : 

Old  School. 

Names.  Presbyteries. 

Daniel  Dana,  D.D.,  Londonderry. 

Gardiner  B.  Perry,  " 

George  McQueen,  Albany. 

James  W.  Alexander,  D.D.,  New  York. 
Joseph  Penny,  " 

Alexander  Macklin,  D.  D.,    Philadelphia. 
Joseph  A.  Alexander,  D.D.,  New  Brunswick. 
Matthew  B.  Hope,  D.  D.,  " 

Jacob  Kirkpatrick,  Jr.,  " 

Henry  M.  Parsons, 


James  M.  "Walker, 
Fields  Bradshaw, 
R.  A.  Fee, 
A.  E.  Thom, 
Peter  R.  Bland, 
James  Paine, 
Cephas  Washburn, 
"William  H.  Rice, 


Concord. 
Tuscaloosa. 
Louisiana. 
New  Orleans. 
Memphis. 

Arkansas. 
Eastern  Texas. 


Total,  37. 


New  School. 


James  Black, 
Nathaniel  M.  Crane, 
Lemuel  P.  Bates, 
William  Hutchison, 
Sylvester  Cochrane, 
James  Hervey,  D.  D., 
John  Burns, 
J.  Finley  Crowe,  D.  D., 
R.  H.  Morrow, 
William  N.  Mebane, 
Oliver  Bronson, 
John  A.  McClung,  D.D., 
Benjamin  Boyd, 
John  Harrington, 
Joseph  Brown, 
J.  C.  Humphrey, 
Jacob  W.  Lanius, 
John  E.  McPherson, 


Northumberland. 

Carlisle. 

Clarion. 

New  Lisbon. 

Marion. 

Michigan, 

Washington. 

Richland. 

Madison. 

Cedar. 

Orange. 

Milwaukie. 

Ebenezer. 

Harmony. 

Hopewell. 
Nashville. 
Concord. 


Names. 
Abraham  D.  Brinkerhoff, 
Flavel  S.  Gaylord, 
Joseph  Myers, 
William  L.  Strong, 
Archibald  Bassett, 
Artemas  Dean, 
Gideon  N.  Judd,  D.  D., 
Daniel  T.  Wood, 
Francis  C.  Woodworth, 
Henry  A.  Rowland,  D.  D., 
Benjamin  T.  Neale, 
Henry  Root, 
James  McLauren, 
Ephraim  T.  Woodruff, 
Harvey  Coe, 
Franklin  Putnam, 
George  Chandler, 
Levi  Collins, 
Matthew  Smith, 
Richard  Renshaw, 

Total,  20, 


Presbyteries. 
Charaplain. 
Bath. 
Onondaga. 

Delaware. 
Hudson. 


New  York,  3d. 

Newark. 

Logansport. 

Marshall. 

Saginaw. 

Grand  River. 

Portage. 

Indianapolis. 

Philadelphia,  4th. 

Belvidere. 

Keokuk. 

Iowa  Valley. 


We  find  in  the  Irish  Evangdist  a  general  statisti- 
cal view  of  Methodism,  correcting  somewhat  late 
American  statements  of  the  kind,  so  far  as  they  re- 
late to  British  Methodism,  but  also  erring  respecting 
American  Jlethodism.  With  such  corrections  as  we 
can  give,  the  following  tabular  outlines  are  probably 
correct : — 

I. — 1739.     Parent   Wesleyan  Methodist  Church. 

Total  number  of  Church  members  in  Eng- 
land, Wales,  and  Scotland,  at  the  Confer- 
ence of  1859, 292,795 

Increase  in  do.  this  year, 15,469 

1747.     In  Ireland.  1859, 19,731 

Increase  in  do  this  year, 3.060 

1769.     Foreign  Missions  in  1859, 63,406 

1851.    French  Conference, 1,436 

1854.     Australian  Conference, 28,138 

Canada  Conference, 45,295 

Eastern  British  American  Confer'ce,.  14,816 

Members  on  trial  in  1859, 42,295 

Total  under  care  of  Parent  Confer'ce,  526,441 
Total  number  of  Ministers, 2,455 

Including  about  15,000  Lay  Preachers .        528,896 

1\.— Off  shoots  from  the  Parent  Stock 

1797.  Methodist  Xew  Connection  (say), 28,000 

1819.  Primitive  Methodists, 123,863 

1857.  United  Free-Church  Methodists, 43.000 

1849.  AVesleyau  Reformers, 12,000 

1818.  Bible  Christian  Methodists, 19,068 

VOL.  II.  43 


1817.    Primitive  Wesle3ans  (in Ireland),. , . .     14,000 

Including  about  15,000  Lay  Preachers.         239,931 

Ministers  in  all  these, 1,163 

Total  number  of  Methodists  of  all  branches 

in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 766,362 

Total  number  of  Methodist  Ministers, 3,618 

769,980 
III. — American  Methodism. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (North), 971,498 

"               "               "       (South), 700,000 

"               "               "       Canada, 16,575 

American  Wesleyan  Methodists, 26,000 

Methodist  Prosestant  Church, 90,000 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 20,000 

"              "                "          Zion  Church,..  6,203 

Albright  Methodists, 40,00o 

Total  number  of  Methodist  Church  Mem- 
bers in  America  (all  branches), 1,808,204 

Total  number  of  Ministers  in  America,.  . . .        13.209 

1,821,413 
Add  British  Methodism,  as  above, 769,980 

2,591,393 
This  does  not  include  the  increase  in  several  of  the 
Methodist  branches  for  the  present  year,  or  nearly 
thirty  thousand  members  on  trial  in  England,  or  the 
increase  in  Mission  stations,  or  in  Australia,  or  Can- 
ada ;  nor  the  increase  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  North  and  South,  for  the  year.— iV.  Y.  Meth- 
odist 


412 


Mydic  Churchy  Mcdford,  Ms, 


[Oct. 


THE   MYSTIC    CHUKCH,    MEDFORD,    MS 


Erected  A.  D.  1848.... J.  D.  Towle,  Boston,  Architect. 


The  town  of  Medford  was  settled  by 
genuine  Puritans,  in  1630.  The  inhabi- 
tants at  first  worshiped  in  other  towns,  till 
they  became  sufficiently  numerous  to 
maintain  public  worship  among  them- 
selves. They  were  furnished  for  many 
years  with  stated  supplies,  till  the  First 
Church  was  formed,  and  Rev.  Aaron  Por- 
ter was  ordained,  February  11,  1713,  and 
died  January  24,  1722.  He  was  succeed- 
ceeded  by  Rev.  Ebenezer  Turell,  who 
was  ordained  November  25,  1724;  and, 
after  a  very  successful  ministry,  died  Dec. 
8,  1778.  Near  the  close  of  his  ministry, 
the  infirmities  of  age  induced  him  to  seek 
the  aid  of  a  colleague.  Accordingly,  Pev. 
David  Osgood,  D.  D.,  was  ordained  to 
that  office,  September  14,  1774,  and  died 
December  12,  1822.  After  his  decease,  a 
very  large  majority  of  the  Church  pro- 
ceeded to  the  call  and  settlement  of  an 
Unitarian  pastor.    In  consequence  of  this, 


seventeen  members  of  the  First  Church, 
four  males  and  thirteen  females,  met  by 
themselves,  for  the  worship  of  God,  ac- 
cording to  the  faith  of  their  fathers.  This 
was  early  in  June,  1823.  After  two  Sab- 
baths, they  held  a  public  meeting,  on  the 
twentieth  of  the  same  month,  and  formed 
themselves  into  the  Second  Congregation- 
al Society  in  Medford.  After  another 
Sabbath,  they  fitted  up  a  hall  as  a  tempo- 
rary place  of  worship,  and  their  number 
gradually  increased.  October  2,  twen- 
ty-six individuals  were  organized  as  a 
Church,  by  an  ecclesiastical  council,  of 
which  Rev.  W.  Greenough  was  modera- 
tor, and  Dr.  B.  B.  Wisner,  scribe.  The 
Society  was  incorporated  February  21, 
1824.  The  house  of  worship  was  dedica- 
cated  September  1,  1824.  At  that  time, 
the  Rev.  Aaron  Warner,  who  bad  been 
employed  as  stated  supply  for  nearly  a 
year,   was   installed  as  the  first  pastor. 


I860.] 


Mystic  Church,  3Iedford,  3fs. 


413 


The  health  of  his  wife  requiring  him  to 
accompany  her  to  the  South,  for  two  suc- 
cessive winters,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  ask  a 
dismission,  which  was  granted  October  2, 
1832.  During  his  brief,  but  successful 
ministry  of  eight  years,  there  were  great 
accessions  to  the  congregation,  and  above 
a  hundred  additions  to  the  Church,  among 
whom  his  name  is  most  affectionately 
cherished.  His  successor  was  the  Rev. 
Gordon  Winslow,  who  was  ordained  June 
12,  1833,  and  dismissed  November  12, 
1834.  The  Rev.  Levi  Pratt  was  installed 
as  pastor,  August  19,  1835,  and  died, 
much  lamented,  August  9,  1837.  The 
Rev.  A.  R.  Baker,  the  next  pastor  of  that 
Church,  was  ordained  April  25,  1838. 

The  congregation,  which  sprang  from 
such  feeble  beginnings,  was  blessed  with 
many  seasons  of  revival,  and  became,  in 
twenty-four  years,  much  more  numerous 
than  the  original  body,  from  which,  for 
the  truth's  sake,  it  had  seceded.  The 
growth  of  business  and  population,  still 
farther  stimulated  by  the  opening  of  rail- 
road communication  with  Boston,  began 
to  call  for  the  extension  of  the  Church 
privileges  of  our  order.  In  consequence 
of  some  difference  of  opinion  in  the 
Church,  a  conference  of  four  neighboring 
clergymen  was  called,  in  March,  1847,  to 
whom  were  submitted  statistics,  and  other 
facts,  showing  the  necessity  of  increased 
church  accommodations  for  the  Orthodox 
Congregationalists.  At  this  conference, 
Rev.  Mr.  Baker,  and  a  large  number  of 
the  brethren  of  the  Second  Church  were 
present.  As  the  result,  it  was  the  unani- 
mous opinion  of  the  clergymen  from 
abroad,  and  nearly  as  unanimously  the 
opinion  of  the  brethren  who  were  present, 
that  it  was  highly  expedient  that  a  new 


Church  and  congregation  should  be 
formed. 

In  pursuance  of  this  advice,  with  the 
nearly  unanimous  consent  of  the  Second 
Church,  separate  worship  was  established 
in  the  Town  Hall,  May  9,  1847.  A  new 
Church,  called  the  Mystic  Church,  was 
here  organized,  with  sixty  members,  by  a 
large  ecclesiastical  council,  the  6th  of 
July.  Rev.  Abner  B.  Warner,  a  nephew 
of  Rev.  Professor  Warner,  the  first  pastor 
of  the  Second  Church,  was  installed  over 
the  Mystic  Church,  October  27tl),  of  the 
same  year ;  and,  after  an  efficient  and 
successful  ministry,  during  which  seventy- 
three  persons  were  added  to  the  Church, 
died,  sincerely  lamented,  May  26,  1853. 

A  substantial,  neat  and  convenient 
church  edifice,  capable  of  seating  about 
500  persons,  was  erected  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1848,  and  dedicated  Feb.  14,  1849. 
Its  dimensions  are  50  by  78  feet ;  30  feet 
ceiling,  circular  pews,  orchestra  over  the 
vestibule.  Vestries  are  entirely  above 
ground,  11^  feet  ceiling  ;  the  larger  seat- 
ing 300,  the  smaller  150  ;  the  committee 
room  has  a  fine  entrance  in  front,  with 
two  easy  flights  of  circular  stairs  to  the 
audience  room.  The  porch,  which  shows 
in  the  engraving,  covers  a  drive-way  to 
the  sheds  in  the  rear,  and  also  a  side  door 
to  the  vestries,  and  foot  passage.  This  is 
found  a  great  convenience,  especially  in 
stormy  weather.  The  cost  of  house  and 
land  was  $11,500. 

The  organ  was  built  by  Mr.  Stevens,  of 
East  Cambridge,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000. 

The  Rev.  Jacob  M.  Manning  was  or- 
dained pastor  of  this  Church,  Jan.  5,  1854, 
and  disuiissed  Feb.  17,  1857. 

The  Rev.  Elias  Nason,  the  present  pas- 
tor, was  installed  Nov.  10,  1858. 


414 


Literary  Notices. 


[Oct. 


looks  of  Interest  ta  Con;cj:«cjiTtianarrsts. 


Chief  op  the  Pilgrims  ;  or,  The  Life  and  Time  of 
William  Brewster,  Rulins;  Elder  of  the  Pilgrim 
CompHUV  that  founJeil  New  Plymouth,  the  Pa- 
rent Colony  of  New  England,  "in  1620.  By  the 
Rev.  A8hbel  Steele,  A.M.,  Washington  City,  B.C. 
Illustrated  with  five  steel  and  four  other  engrav- 
ings. Philadelphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co. 
1857.    8vo.,  pp.  416. 

Although  this  is  not,  strictly  speaking,  a 
"  new  publication,"  having  been  issued 
three  years  ago,  we  presume  that  many 
readers  of  the  Congregational  Quarterly  do 
not  yet  know  what  a  store  of  instruction 
and  entertainment  aAvaits  their  perusal  of 
it.  The  author  has  performed  his  work 
with  an  enthusiasm  becoming  his  hero  and 
himself,  whose  better  half,  he  tells  us  in  the 
preface,  is  a  lineal  descendant,  and  did  her 
full  share  towards  collecting  materials.  In- 
teresting as  tlie  story  of  Elder  Brewster  is 
in  itself,  the  author  has  made  it  the  warp 
on  which  to  weave  a  much  larger  piece  of 
Puritan  history.  Or  rather,  the  life  of 
Brewster,  whose  recorded  acts  are  lament- 
ably few,  is  the  thread  on  which  are  strung 
innumerable  pearls  and  gems  —  all  the 
touching  incidents  in  the  pilgrimage  of  the 
Mayflower  Company,  from  the  time  of  their 
first  acquaintance  with  each  other  tUl  the 
death  of  their  Elder.  The  part  which  he 
took  in  transactions  which  have  immortal- 
ized their  names,  the  burdens  and  self-de- 
nials which  he  bore,  may  be  reasonably  in- 
ferred by  considerate  minds,  though  history 
be  silent.  Such  inferences  abound  in  the 
work  before  us ;  and  they  generally  com- 
mend themselves  to  the  reader  as  highly 
probable  conjectures.  That  he  drew  up 
that  world-renowned  instniment  which 
united  the  Pilgrims  in  a  body  politic  be- 
fore they  left  the  IMayflowcr,  and  which 
may  be  regarded  as  the  corner-stone  of  our 
Great  Republic,  will  be  questioned  by 
some ;  though  it  must  be  confessed  that 
the  author  assigns  very  plau.sible  reasons 
for  the  supposition,  and  such  as,  we  freely 
confess,  have  rather  inclined  us  to  his  opin- 
ion, though  we  had  always  before  been  ac- 
customed to  read  it  as  the  production  of 
Governor  Carver. 


IIisTOR¥  or  THE  "  MoRNiNG  Star,"'  the  Children's 
Missionary  Vessel,  and  of  the  Marquesas  and  Mi- 
cronesian  Missions.  By  Mrs.  .Jane  T.  Warren. 
Published  by  the  American  Tract  Society,  28 
Cornhill,  Boston.    16mo.,  pp.  320.    Price  65  cts. 

The  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
stockholders,  more  or  less,  in  this  little 
vessel,  are  soon  to  have  a  treat  in  the  book 
above  named.  It  will  be  for  sale,  quite 
likely,  by  the  time  this  notice  is  seen.  A 
beautiful  and  attractive  volume  it  is.  Some 
forty  engravings  are  scattered  through  its 
pages.  It  is  written  in  a  charming  style. 
It  gives  the  complete  history  of  the  Morn- 
ing Star,  from  its  conception  to  its  last 
voyage.  Every  jiage  has  been  examined 
by  th£  Senior  Secretary  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F. 
M.,  and  has  his  hearty  approval.  "We  be- 
speak for  it  an  extensive  cii-culation,  and 
are  sure  that  none  will  read  the  first  chap- 
ter who  will  not  press  eagerly  through  to 
the  last.  The  binding  of  this  volume,  as 
well  as  that  of  all  the  late  issues  of  this  So- 
ciety, is  peculiarly  excellent,  and  adds 
much  to  the  value  of  its  publications. 

The  Young  Merchant.  A  memoir  of  George  W. 
Blake,  late  of  Buenos  Ayres.  S  A.  Compiled 
chietly  from  his  journal  and  letters,  by  his  sister. 
Published  by  the  American  Tract  Society,  28 
Cornhill,  Boston.    16mo.,  pp.  296. 

This  is  a  valuable  record  of  the  varied 
and  trying  life  of  a  young  man,  who  main- 
tained his  Cliristian  integrity  under  severe 
temptations.  It  were  well  for  every  man 
of  business  to  read,  and  keep  it  in  his 
counting  room  for  himself  and  his  clerks. 

A  Commentary  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews.  By 
Moses  Stuart,  late  Professor  of  Sacred  Literature 
in  the  Theological  Seminary,  at  Andover.  Edited 
and  revised  by  R.  D.  C  Robbins,  Professor  in 
Middlebury  College.  Fourth  Edition.  Andover: 
Warren  F.  Draper.    1860.     12mo.,  pp  575. 

Stuart's  Commentaries — of  which  this  on 
the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews  was  the  first — 
have  been  too  long  before  the  public  to  re- 
quire a  notice  from  us.  No  clergyman's 
library  is  complete  without  them.  Few 
intelligent  Christians,  who  interest  them- 
selves in  the  critical  study  of  the  Bible  at 
all,  have  not  become  conversant  with  them  ; 
while  biblical  scholars,  throughout  Chris- 
tendom,   have  long  since  assigned  them  a 


I860.] 


Liierary  Notices. 


415 


rank  second  to  none  of  modem  date.  It 
was  our  good  fortune  to  receive  from  the 
Professor's  own  lips  the  substance  of  these 
Commentaries,  while  sitting  at  his  feet,  in 
the  lectm-e-room ;  and  the  first  edition  of 
each  separate  work  made  its  appearance 
upon  our  shelves  almost  as  soon  as  it 
dropped  from  the  press.  Nevertheless,  we 
find,  what  others  will  also  find,  a  sufficient 
reason  for  adding  the  "  revised  edition." 
Professor  Robbins,  the  editor,  has  be- 
stowed more  labor,  and  added  a  higher 
value  to  the  volume  before  us,  than  would 
be  inferred  from  his  prefatory  note,  or  from 
a  cursory  perusal  of  the  work  itself.  Pur- 
suing the  same  general  plan  that  he  pur- 
sued in  Stuart's  Commentary  on  the  Ro- 
mans, previously  publi^ed,  he  tells  us  that 
he  "  has  been  careful  not  to  make  any  al- 
terations in  the  body  of  the  work  that 
would  be  at  variance  with  the  theological 
or  exegetical  views  of  Professor  Stuart." 
In  this  he  has  simply  done  what  justice  and 
honesty  demanded.  But  in  the  re-arrange- 
ment of  the  introduction,  the  insertion  of 
results  which  other  learned  investigators 
have  brought  out  since  the  previous  issue, 
and  in  the  niimerous  original  notes  scat- 
tered through  the  volume,  the  editor  has 
gi-eatly  enhanced  the  value  of  this  work. 

Roots  and  Fruits  op  the  Christun  Life  ;  or  IIIus- 
tratioDS  of  Faith  and  Obedience.  By  the  Kev. 
"William  Arnot.  author  of  '•  Illustrations  of  the 
Book  of  Proverbs."  &c.  Published  by  the  Amer- 
ican Tract  Society,  28  Cornhill,  Boston.  12mo., 
pp  430. 

Here  are  twenty-eight  short,  pithy,  ear- 
nest and  truthful  sermons,  eminently  prac- 
tical, and  as  eminently  suggestive.  They 
would  be  read  with  profit,  both  by  the  pas- 
tor and  his  i^eople.  The  author  appre- 
hends and  comprehends  the  gist  of  his  text, 
and  evolves  it  with  great  perspicuity.  We 
can  heartily  commend  this  book  to  all 
lovers  of  truth  and  Godliness, 

An  Enquiry  into  the  Nature,  Foundation,  and 
Extent  of  Moral  Obligation,  involving  the  Na- 
ture I  f  Duty,  of  Iloline^s,  aud  of  Sin.  Being  an 
liitrcducHon  to  the  Study  of  Mornl  Science,  in  all 
its  Br.inches,  including  the  I.ejjal.  Theological,  and 
Governmental.  By  David  M-tcalf.  Buston  :  I'ros- 
by,  Nichols,  Lee,  &  Co.    1860.    12mo.,  pp.  486. 

This  volume  is  literally  what  its  title- 
page  imports — an  Enquiry.  The  subject  is 
treated  throughout  in  a  familiar  interroga- 
tory style,  which  gives  the  writer  great  ad- 
vantage in  simplifying  an  abstruse  theme 
VOL.   II.  43* 


to  the  comprehension  of  the  unlearned. 
The  author  has  evidently  studied  his  sub- 
ject with  care,  read  extensively  the  views 
of  others,  stated  clearly  his  own,  and  bold- 
ly defended  them.  Nevertheless,  he  has 
probably  failed,  in  some  instances,  either 
to  convey  his  ideas  fully,  or  to  carry  con- 
viction of  their  truth.  For-exam.ple:  on 
page  40,  "  No  moral  quality,  in  the  least 
degree,  can  be  predicated  or  affirmed  of 
mere  intellectual  acts — mere  thoughts," — is 
a  declaration  which,  of  course,  uses  the 
term  "thought"  in  a  different  sense  from 
that  of  such  inspired  statements  as, — 
"  The  thought  of  foolishness  is  sin,"  Prov. 
xxiv  :  9  ;  "  For  out  of  the  heart  proceed 
evil  thoughts,  murders,"  &c.,  where 
thoughts  are  not  only  traced  to  the  heart, 
but  are  classed  with  moral  acts.  The  book 
will  awaken  enquiry,  if  it  does  not  satisfy 
all  enquirers,  and  can  hardly  fail  to  profit 
the  reader. 

The  Rock  of  Ages  ;  or  Scripture  Testimony  to  the 
one  Eternal  Godhead  of  the  Father,  and  of  the 
Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  By  Edward  Henry 
Bickersteth,  M.  A.,  incumbent  of  Christ  Church, 
Hampstead.  With  an  introduction  by  the  Kev. 
F.  D  Huntington,  D.  D.  American  Tract  Soci- 
ety, 28  Cornhill,  Boston.    12mo.,  pp.  214. 

We  cannot  too  strongly  commend  this 
excellent  work.  The  Tract  Society,  of 
Boston,  is  doing  a  good  and  great  work,  in 
bringing  before  the  community  such  an 
argument  for  the  Divinity  of  Christ.  It  is 
as  impregnable  as  the  Bible  itself,  and  so 
presented  that,  in  our  view,  nothing  but 
the  most  deep-seated  prejudices  can  resist 
its  convincing  force.  Let  it  be  placed  in  the 
hands  of  every  one  who  has  doubts  on  this 
vital  subject.  We  are  happy  to  announce 
that  the  next  edition  wUl  be  without  an  in- 
troduction, as  surely  such  a  book  needs 
none. 

Manual  of  Sacred  IIistort,  a  guide  to  the  under- 
standing of  the  divine  plan  of  salvation,  according 
to  its  historical  development  By  John  Henry 
Kurtz  D.D.,  Professor  of  Church  History,  in  the 
University  of  Dopat,  &c.  Tr.inslated  from  the 
sixth  German  edition,  by  Charles  F.  Schaeffer, 
D.D.  Seventh  edition.  Philadelphia:  Lindsey 
&  Blakistou.  1860.  Pimo.,  pp  436.  For  sale  by 
J.  E.  Tiiton  &  Co.,  161  Washinaton  Street,  Bos- 
ton. 

Our  eyes  have  run  over  the  pages  of  no 
book  for  many  days,  better  filled  with  im- 
portant truth,  plainly  and  forcibly  written. 
The  author  and  translator  have  done  a 
good  service  in  producing  this  book ;  and 


416 


Congregational  Necrologij. 


[Oct. 


the  publishers  are  entitled  to  favorable  no- 
tice for  giving  it  to  the  public  in  so  attract- 
ive a  form.  It  will  help  the  minister  and 
every  lover  and  student  of  the  Bible,  to 
have  and  to  study  this  volume.  Let  it  be 
put  into  the  hands  of  the  skeptic.  It  is  a 
good  companion  to  the  "  Philosophy  of  the 
Plan   of   Salvation,"   by  the   Rev.   J.    B. 


Walker.  While  most  might  dissent  from 
some  of  the  views  entertained  by  Dr. 
Kurtz,  especially  on  the  sacraments,  yet, 
in  the  main,  it  cannot  fail  to  edify  and  in- 
struct the  reader  on  matters  of  vital  inter- 
est. Our  limits  forbid  such  an  analysis  of 
this  work  as  it  is  in  our  hearts  to  give. 
Buy,  read,  and  make  one,  each  for  himself. 


€0it0r^0ali0nal   IT^rroIogg, 


Rev.  LUTHER  JEWETT  died  in  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.,  March  8,  1860,  aged  87  years, 
2  months,  and  13  days.  He  was  a  son  of 
Daniel  and  Zilpah  (Hibbard)  Jewett,  and 
was  born  in  Canterbury.  Ct.,  Dec.  24,  1772. 
In  early  life,  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Putney,  Vt.  He  was  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College,  in  1795 ;  pursued  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  commenced  practice  at  Put- 
ney, but  removed  to  St.  Johnsbury  in  March, 
1800.  Here  he  found  three  physicians  nomi- 
nally engaged  in  practice  ;  but,  partly  by  ne- 
gotiation, and  partly  by  his  superior  industry 
and  skill,  he  soon  had  the  whole  business  to 
himself. 

In  1817,  the  Congregational  Church  at  St. 
Johnsbury,  being  destitute  of  a  pastor,  Dr. 
Jewett  was  engaged  to  conduct  its  public 
worship.  He  made  such  good  improvement 
of  his  gifts  that  he  obtained  a  license  to 
preach,  May  27,  1818,  and  thereafter  supplied 
the  pulpit  regularly  for  two  or  three  years. 
In  1821  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Newbury,  Vt.,  and 
was  there  ordained,  Feb.  28,1821.  Ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign  the  pastoral  charge  at 
the  end  of  four  years,  and  he  returned  to  St. 
Johnsbury  in  Feb.,  1825,  but  was  not  formally 
dismissed  till  Feb.  19,  1828.  He  commenced 
the  publication  and  editing  of  The  Farmer's 
Herald,  July  8,  1828,  and  published  four  vol- 
umes of  it.  This  was  a  small  weekly  newspa- 
per, the  first  published  at  St.  Johnsbury.  For 
about  a  year  he  had,  as  an  au.\iliary  on  the 
paper,  William  T.  Porter,  afterwards  famous 
as  an  editor  of  sporting  periodicals.  While 
publishing  the  Herald,  Mr.  Jewett  published 
two  volumes  of  the  Friend,  a  weekly  paper 
devoted  to  the  defence  of  Masonry  from  its 
political  assailants.  His  last  publication  in 
pamphlet  was  a  Historical  Discourse,  deliv- 
ered at  St.  Johnsbury,  Dec.  3,  1818. 

He  held  several  important  public  offices: 
In  1813,  he  was  elected  Assistant  Judge   of 


Caledonia  County  Court ;  also,  a  member  of 
the  Council  of  Censors,  a  body  peculiar  to 
Vermont,  and  meeting  once  in  seven  years, 
In  1815,  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  Con- 
gress, and  served  through  one  terra.  In  1836, 
be  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention of  Vermont.  Besides  these,  he  held 
numerous  minor  offices. 

He  married,  Feb.  7,  1799,  Betsey  Adams,  of 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  by  whom  he  had  Hib- 
bard, born  Nov.  9,  1799;  Rebecca,  born  April 
3,  1801;  Betsey,  born  July  14,  1802;  Luther, 
born  Nov.  25,  1805;  Adams,  born  July  26, 
1807  ;  Mira,  born  Nov.  1,  1809 ;  Ephraim,  born 
July  2,  1811 ;  and  Daniel,  born  Nov.  17,  1815. 
She  died  April  14,  1816,  and  he  married,  Au- 
gust 6,  1816,  Nancy  Chamberlin,  of  Danville, 
Vt.,  by  whom  he  had  Martha,  born  May  28, 
1817;  and  Samuel,  born  Jan.  4,  1819.  She 
died  Jan.  21, 1856.  r.  h.  \v. 


Rev.  JOHN  MALTBY,  Pastor  of  the  Ham- 
mond St.  Congregational  Church  in  Bangor, 
Me.,  died  at  Worcester,  Ms.,  May  15, 1860,  aged 
65  years. 

He  was  born  at  Northford,  Ct.,  on  the  8th 
of  May,  1795  ;  was  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
lege in  the  class  of  1822,  and  at  Andover 
Theological  Seminary  in  1825.  His  first 
settlement  in  the  ministry  was  over  the  Con- 
gregational Church  in  Sutton,  Ms.,  where 
he  fulfilled  a  pastorate  of  eight  years,  from 
1826  to  1834.  His  labors  in  this  large  rural 
parish,  were  arduous  and  successful.  A  revi- 
val influence  repeatedly  pervaded  his  flock, 
and  numerous  converts  were  added  to  the 
Lord.  In  1834  he  was  invited  to  take  the 
pastoral  charge  of  a  new  and  vigorous  colony 
from  the  First  Church  in  Bangor,  Me.,  to  which 
post  he  was  transferred  on  the  23d  of  July, 
the  same  year.  There,  for  the  last  twenty-six 
years  of  his  life,  he  "watched  for  souls  "as 
one  "  that  must  give  account."  Attentive  to 
the  wants  of  his  flock  in  every  department  of 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrology, 


417 


life's  varied  necessities,  it  was  their  spiritual 
estate  that  lay  nearest  his  heart  and  aroused 
his  deepest  concern.  An  xinwearied  worker, 
he  left  nobody  in  doubt  of  his  fidelity  to  God 
and  the  souls  of  men.  He  belonged  to  that 
class,  of  which  Paul  also  was  one,  who  reckon 
it  a  small  matter  to  be  judged  of  men,  and 
worthy  of  all  pains  to  be  accepted  of  God  ; 
and  who  estimate  a  sermon  not  by  its  polished 
periods,  but  by  its  converting  power.  The 
main  spring  of  his  influence  was  "  Godly 
sincerity." 

For  six  months  previous  to  his  death,  he 
had  premonitions  of  its  approach.  He  was 
able  to  preach  but  three  sermons  in  that  time, 
and  was  rarely  permitted  even  to  attend  pub- 
lie  service.  The  themes  of  these  last  three 
sermons  were  characteristic  of  his  whole  min- 
istry. One  was  derived  from  the  text,  "  Lovest 
thou  me."  Another  from  the  example  of  piety 
furnished  by  Esther,  who  was  true  to  her  peo- 
ple and  her  God,  under  the  most  discouraging 
circumstances.  The  other  from  those  words 
of  Paul,  which  he  deemed  his  last,  "  I  have 
kept  the  faith."  He  had  reluctantly  consented 
to  relinquish  the  cares  of  his  parish,  and  seek 
health  from  travel  and  recreation.  But  his 
heart  was  left  behind.  He  still  thought  of  the 
sick  and  the  afflicted  among  his  flock  ;  and  to 
think  of  them,  was  (with  him)  to  be  distressed 
for  them.  His  neglected  pastoral  labor  would 
recur  to  his  mind  in  the  night  watches  ;  and  the 
anxiety  thus  induced,  brought  him  home  unre- 
freshed,  after  a  short  absence.  Remaining  a 
few  days,  he  again  left  to  visit  his  children  in 
the  State  of  New  York.  He  had  proceeded  as 
far  as  Worcester,  where,  in  the  hospitable 
family  of  one  of  his  o^vn  church  members,  he 
terminated  his  journey  and  his  life  together, 
after  a  short  period  of  gi'eat  physical  suffering, 
which  he  endured  With  great  Christian  forti- 
tude. His  remains  were  conveyed  to  Bangor, 
and  followed  to  their  resting  place,  among  his 
beloved  flock,  by  a  large  concourse  of  sincere 
mourners,  after  an  appropriate  address  by 
Prof.  George  Shepard,  D.  D.,  who,  twenty-six 
years  before,  preached  his  installation  sermon. 


Rev.  HENRY  M.  NICHOLS,  died  at  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.,  July  3,  1860,  aged  36  years. 
He  was  born  in  Huntington.,  Ct.,  July  16, 
1854,  and  was  the  son  of  Ira  Nichols,  deacon 
of  the  Congregational  Church  in  that  town. 
He  was  the  subject  of  a  renewing  change, 
when  about  18  years  of  age.  He  always  felt 
himself  very  much  indebted  to  the  prayers 
and  instructions  of  his  faithful  mother. 
Subsequently,  he  spent  some  time  in 
the   Academy  at  Wilbraham,  Ms.     He  was 


admitted,  on  trial,  as  a  preacher,  by  the 
Methodist  Conference,  in  1848;  ordained  dea- 
con in  1850,  elder,  in  1852,  and  was  "lo- 
cated" in  1853,  with  a  yiew  to  going  "West. 
He  supplied,  for  a  short  time,  small  Methodist 
churches  in  Williamsburg,  Southampton,  and 
North  Amherst,  in  Massachusetts. 

Owing  to  impaired  health,  he  sought  a 
Western  home,  and  for  a  time  turned  his  at- 
tention to  farming.  But  Providence  had  for 
him  other  work.  Sickness  was  the  stern  Eli- 
jah, which  came  behind  him  in  the  furrow, 
and  called  this  young  Elisha  back  fiom  the 
plough  to  the  pulpit.  This  sickness  had,  no 
doubt,  a  further  use  ;  it  brought  him  to  the 
verge  of  the  grave,  where  to  look  should 
make  a  better  minister.  While  disease  laid 
its  hand  upon  him,  the  frost,  with  killing  fin- 
ger, touched  his  corn.  He  ever  regarded  this 
interruption  of  his  plans  as  a  Providential 
indication  of  duty. 

At  the  time  of  his  leaving  New  England, 
an  alteration  of  his  views  led  him  to  change 
his  ecclesiastical  relations,  by  which  he 
became,  and  was,  ever  afterwards,  a  Con- 
gregationalist.  He,  however,  took  charge 
of  a  Presbyterian  Church  in  Stillwater,  Minn., 
a  field  for  which  he  had  a  special  adapta- 
tion. Stillwater,  at  that  time,  was  the  main 
point  of  the  lumber  interest,  upon  the  St. 
Croix  River  ;  and  it  was  just  at  this  time  that 
the  whole  North- West  went  up,  upon  a  broad, 
high  swell  of  prospeiity,  to  a  dizzy  hight. 
Money  came  reudily,  and  went  freely.  It 
came  by  wild  speculation,  and  went  by  wild 
extravagance. 

Owing  to  the  commercial  reverse,  which  was 
felt  in  all  its  severity  in  the  North-West,  and 
especially  by  his  congregation,  who  had  just 
reared  an  expensive  house  of  worship,  he  felt 
compelled  to  seek  another  field  of  labor.  Dur- 
ing last  autumn,  he  took  charge  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Minneapolis,  in  the  same 
State.  At  this  place,  he  was  permitted  to  see 
the  fruit  of  his  labor.  Numbers  were  added  to 
the  Church  ;  and,  while  his  people  were  rejoic- 
ing in  the  spiritual  gifts  already  bestowed  upon 
them,  and  hoping  for  still  more  affluent  bles- 
sings for  years  to  come,  looking  upon  their 
beloved  minister,  who  seemed  to  carry  with 
him  in  his  vigor,  his  manhood,  his  health,  a 
leasp  of  life,  as  the  source  of  these  blessings, 
"he  was  not ;  for  God  took  him." 

On  the  Sabbath  before  his  death,  he 
preached  with  signal  efl'ect  from  the  words, 
"These  all  died  in  faith,"  dwelling  especially 
on  the  value  of  faith,  as  a  preparation  for 
death.  On  Monday  evening,  he  met  his  peo- 
ple for  prayer,  with  especial  reference  to  his 


418 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[Oct. 


departure  to  the  East,  for  funds  to  aid  in  re- 
building their  sanctuary.  Tuesday  morn- 
ing, ho  took  his  wife,  two  sons,  aged  eleven 
and  three  years,  his  brother-in-law,  wife,  and 
three  daughters,  for  a  ride  to  Lake  Calhoun. 
Two  of  the  daughters  of  the  latter  imme- 
diately went  into  the  water,  for  bathing,  as 
all  were  intending  to  do  so.  Stepping  sud- 
denly off  a  steep  place,  they  were  seen  to  be 
in  danger  ;  whereupon  the  eldest  son  of  Mr. 
N.  ran  to  their  rescue,  then  Mr.  N.  himself, 
then  Mr.  C,  and  finally,  Mrs.  N.,  and  all  sank 
together  in  death.  Their  remains  were  re- 
covered, and  funeral  services  were  held  at 
Minneapolis,  in  such  sorrow  and  mourning  as 
that  new  region  never  before  experienced. 

Mr.  Nichols,  as  a  preacher,  was  faithful  and 
fearless  in  rebuking  prevailing  sins.  "What 
was  known  to  be  a  marked  quality  of  his 
preaching  in  the  section  of  country  where 
he  lived,  recently  obtained  a  wider  recog- 
nition. When  he  witnessed,  in  the  com- 
munity where  he  labored,  the  gaining  rava- 
ges of  intemperance — when  a  young  man  was 
made  a  victim,  and  what,  but  for  this,  might 
have  been  a  noble  life,  was  quenched,  his  soul 
was  stirred  within  him.  He  denounced  the 
evil.  The  rum  demons  set  fire  to  his  church 
edifice,  which,  in  a  few  moments,  was  ia 
ruins. 

He  once  preached  some  sermons  against 
infidelity.  Said  one  of  the  members  of  his 
Church,  in  speaking  of  these  sermons,  "The 
crowd  would  go  and  hear;  and  swear  that 
they  would  never  enter  the  house  again ;  but 
the  next  Sabbath  evening  would  certainly 
find  them  in  their  seats." 

One  of  the  sources  of  his  power  in  the  pul- 
pit was  a  remarkably  strong,  sonorous  voice. 
It  was  not  so  much  distinguished  for  variety 
of  tone,  as  for  that  clear,  ringing  quality, 
which  stirred  one  as  the  sound  of  a  trumpet. 
Taken  in  connection  with  his  personal  ap- 
pearance, the  effect  was  sometimes  very 
marked.  Such  a  dome  as  nature  bestowed 
upon  him  is  seldom  seen  upon  "  the  earthly 
house  of  this  tabernacle."  Its  dimensions 
were  the  same  with  those  of  the  great  states- 
Iman,  whose  peculiarity  in  this  respect  is  wel 
known.  At  times,  when  aroused,  it  seemed 
as  if  this  dome  became  sonorous,  and  a  volume 
of  sound  rolled  over  the  assembly  with  thrill- 
ing effect. 

Mr.  Nichols  took  deep  interest  in  the  Sab- 
bath School.  He  was  himself  the  Superin- 
tendent, and  exhibited  so  much  zeal  and 
ardor,  that  his  spirit  could  not  but  radiate 
jtself  upon  others,  and  he  thus  secured  a  most 
efficient   corps  of   teachers.      His  invention 


was  ever  at  work  devising  expedients  for 
interesting  the  School ;  and,  in  this,  he  was 
completely  successful. 

Mr.  N.  has  suddenly  passed  away,  leaving 
a  destitute  church,  and  a  great  company  of 
weeping  friends.  May  that  bereaved  Church 
find  sympathy  and  aid  in  their  two-fold  afflic- 
tion. Alone,  yet  not  alone ;  for,  though  sanc- 
tuary and  minister  are  gone,  the  Master  liv- 
eth.  And,  as  they  shall  resort  to  the  shores 
of  those  twin  lakes,  with  one  of  which  such 
sad  memories  are  connected — as  they  shall 
walk  upon  the  cornelian-gemmed  banks,  or 
sit  in  groups  on  the  green  grass  at  their  side, 
or  spread  the  sail  upon  the  crystal  waters,  old 
men  and  children,  young  men  and  maidens, 
will  say,  "  the  memory  of  the  just  is  blessed." 

c.  H.  M. 


Rev.  ERSKINE  J.  IIAWES,  son  of  Rev. 
Joel  Hawes,  D.D.,  of  Hartford,  Ct.,  died  at 
Plymouth,  Cl.,  July  8,  1860,  aged  nearly  32 
years.  He  was  born  in  Hartford,  July  23, 
1828.  His  childhood  was  blithe  and  beautiful, 
passed  in  the  genial  influences  of  home  and 
parental  care,  and  remarkably  free  from  way- 
wardness and  the  follies  which  beset  the  path 
of  youth.  His  deportment  was  serious,  mod- 
est, amiable.  He  fitted  for  college  at  home, 
and  entered  Yale  in  1847.  During  the  first 
term  of  his  collegiate  studies  he  passed 
through  that  great  change,  which  the  Scrip- 
tures speak  of  as  "  from  death  unto  life." 

In  college  he  was  universally  respected  and 
loved.  He  took  a  good  rank  in  his  class,  and 
graduated  with  College  honors ;  entering 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1852.  Here 
he  endeared  himself  to  students  and  professors 
as  an  honest,  generous,  pure-minded  Chris- 
tian. He  had  no  ends  of  a  selfish  or  ambitious 
sort  to  gain,  and  everybody  felt  that  he  pos- 
sessed a  character  of  remarkable  simplicity 
and  purity.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  theo- 
logical studies  ;  listened,  read,  thought  eager- 
ly, and  desired  to  "  bottom  "  his  convictions 
on  "  right  reason,"  and  yet  he  had  none  of 
the  conceit  of  opinion,  and  had  he  lived  to 
take  a  position  in  public  as  a  theologian, 
would  have  adhered  firmly  to  his  own  convic- 
tions of  truth,  without  being  a  bigot.  His 
greatest  desire,  however,  was  to  know  the 
power  of  the  Gospel,  rather  than  the  science 
of  it ;  and  the  stress  of  his  endeavor  seemed 
to  be  for  growth  in  the  higher  life  of  Faith, 
that  he  might  in  his  preaching  speak  that 
which  he  knew,  and  testify  to  that  which  he 
had  felt. 

After  leaving  the  seminary  at  Andover,  he 
spent  a  year  in  New  Haven,  preaching  in  va- 


I860.] 


Congregational  Necrohgy. 


419 


rious  places  with  universal  acceptance,  hav- 
ing many  invitations  to  settle  in  the  ministry, 
which  he  declined  from  lack  of  confidence  in 
his  talents  and  qualifications.  He  was  or- 
dained over  the  church  in  Plymouth,  Ct.,  in 
January,  1858,  where  he  labored  with  great 
fidelity  and  success,  the  Lord  owning  and 
blessing  his  labors  abundantly,  in  promoting 
the  peace  and  spiritual  prosperity  of  the 
Church,  and  the  conversion  of  many  to  righ- 
teousness. 

Mr.  Hawes,  while  making  a  call  on  one  of 
his  parishioners  in  Plymouth,  on  the  6th  of 
July,  was  kicked  by  his  horse,  the  blow  strik- 
ing the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  inflict- 
ing an  injury  which  resulted  fatally  on  the 
Sabbath  following.  After  appropriate  services 
in  Plymouth,  the  remains  were  brought  to 
Hartford,  and  the  funeral  was  attended  in  his 
father's  church  on  "Wednesday,  July  11.  The 
church  was  crowded,  and  the  exercises  deeply 
intereoting.  The  deceased  was  much  respect- 
ed and  beloved  by  the  people  of  Hartford ; 
and  the  sympathy  of  the  community  with  the 
aged  parents,  bereaved  of  their  only  son,  and 
only  remaining  child,  is  sincere  and  universal. 


leaves  a  large  circle  of  friends,  of  whom  very 
many  mourn,  in  his  death,  a  deep  personal 
loss. 


Rev.  JARED  O.  KXAPP,  died  in  Beloit, 
Wis.,  July  14.  1860,  aged  41  years.  He  was 
son  of  Jared  Knapp,  and  was  born  in  North 
Greenwich,  Ct.,  Oct.  1818. 

Mr.  Knapp  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  College 
in  the  class  of  1840.  He  had  been  three  times 
settled  in  the  ministry,  first  in  Plainfield, 
Ct.,  afterwards  in  Hatfield,  Ms.,  and  subse- 
quently at  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  Being 
obliged  to  leave  the  last  place  on  account  of 
failing  health,  a  year  since,  in  hope  of  benefit 
from  residence  in  the  Northwest,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Second  Congregational  Church 
in  Beloit.  His  hope  of  recovery,  however, 
was  not  realized,  and  after  a  few  months  his 
connection  with  this  Church  terminated. 
From  that  time  his  health  steadily  declined, 
through  manifest  pulmonary  disease,  until  a 
pei  fectly  peaceful  and  triumphant  death  trans- 
ferred him  to  a  higher  field  of  service.  His 
last  words  were  :     "  Joy  !  peace  !  Christ !  " 

The  scholarship  of  our  deceased  friend  was 
a  fine  blending  of  strength,  fullness  and  beau- 
ty. He  was  cf  a  kind  and  genial  nature, 
which  opened  for  him  easy  access  to  all  hearts, 
while  at  the  same  time  his  native  force  of  pur- 
pose made  him  a  man  to  lean  upon.  These 
qualities  were  under  the  control  of  thorough, 
yet  unostentatious  piety  ;  and  thus  was  con- 
stituted a  character  of  rare  excellence.  He 
was  a  true  man.  Notwithstanding  his  brief 
residence  in  the  community  where  he  died,  he 


Rev.  DANIEL  L.  FRENCH  died  at  Hud- 
son, N.  H.,  on  Friday,  July  20, 1860,  aged  63 
yrs.  4  mos. 

He  was  born  in  Bedford,  N.  H.  His  early 
years  were  spent  upon  a  farm.  Indeed,  he 
married  and  settled  with  the  intention  of 
spending  his  life  in  that  quiet  and  useful  pur- 
suit. In  his  youth  he  enjoyed  only  such  ad- 
vantages of  education  as  are  to  be  obtained 
in  a  common  district  school.  At  an  early  age 
he  became  personally  interested  in  religion, 
and  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
his  native  town.  Years  later,  though  yet  a 
young  man,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  elders 
of  the  Church.  Both  as  a  private  Christian 
and  an  officer,  he  was  consistent  in  character 
and  useful  in  life. 

For  many  years  Mr.  French  was  a  success- 
ful teacher  of  sacred  music,  as  well  as  leader 
of  the  choir  on  the  Sabbath.  And  we  may  add 
that  both  as  teacher  and  leader,  singing  with 
him  was  a  part  of  the  worship  of  God.  "The 
service  of  song  in  the  house  of  the  Lord," 
was  in  no  sense  a  mere  performance.  It  was 
the  bowing  of  the  heart  before  the  mercy  seat 
in  solemn  act  of  adoration,  prayer  and  praise. 

At  the  age  of  about  38  years  his  attention 
was  directed  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  min- 
istry. The  subject  had  been  long  upon  his 
mind,  but  circumstances  forbade  his  entering 
upon  it  at  an  earlier  day.  Men  may  differ  in 
regard  to  the  question  whether  it  is  ever  best 
to  enter  upon  this  important  work  at  so  late 
a  period  of  life.  With  him,  however,  it  was  a 
matter  of  duty,  and  he  performed  it  at  great 
pecuniary  sacrifice. 

He  passed  a  brief  course  of  classical  and 
theological  studies,  at  the  seminary  then  just 
established  at  Gilmanton,  N.  H.,  and  gradu- 
ated in  the  first  class  which  left  that  institu- 
tion, in  the  summer  of  1838.  In  November, 
1841,  he  was  ordained  and  installed  as  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  Church  in  Nelson,  N. 
H.  Here  he  remained  ten  or  eleven  years, 
and  then  removed  to  Hudson,  N.  H.,  where, 
as  a  "  stated  supply  "  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  he  closed  both  his  ministry  and  his 
life. 

As  a  minister,  Mr.  French  was  devoted  to 
his  work.  He  was  neither  learned  nor  elo- 
quent, but  he  preached  the  great  doctrines  of 
the  cross  with  solemnity  and  earnestness.  He 
sought  to  save  souls,  was  diligent  as  a  pastor, 
loved  the  place  of  prayer,  and  he  did  not  labor 
in  vain. 


420 


Congregational  Necrology. 


[Oct. 


For  some  time  previous  to  his  death  it  was 
evident  that  his  health  was  gradually  failing. 
He  continued  his  labors,  however,  with  little 
interruption,  until  the  first  Sabbath  of  May. 
For  two  weeks  only  was  he  confined  to  his 
chamber.  On  the  near  approach  of  death  his 
thoughts  still  lingered  on  the  people  of  his 
charge.  He  called  a  brother  minister  to  his 
bedside,  and  left  with  him  a  message  to  be 
delivered  at  his  funeral,  especially  to  some 
young  men  in  whose  welfare  he  took  a  deep 
interest.  He  died  as  he  lived — a  Christian, 
sustained  by  the  sweet  hope  of  a  blessed  res- 
urrection. 

Mr.  French  was  married  in  1820  to  Polly, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hugh  Riddle  of  Bedford. 
They  had  five  children,  three  of  whom,  with 
the  widow,  survive  to  mourn  the  loss  of  an 
affectionate  husband  and  father. 


Rev.  JOHN  WALLACE  ELLINGWOOD, 
D.,D.  died  at  Bath,  Me.  Sunday  evening,  Au- 
gust 19, 1860,  aged  78.  He  was  born  in  Beverly, 
May  2,  1782.  While  he  was  an  apprentice 
there  to  a  silversmith,  he  hoped  he  experi- 
enced the  renewing  grace  of  God.  He  joined 
the  Congregational  Church  in  Beverly,  of 
•which  Joseph  McKeen,  D.  D.,  afterwards 
President  of  Bowdoin  College,  was  pastor, 
March  28,  1801,  when  he  was  nineteen  years 
of  age.  When  Dr.  McKeen  removed  his  res- 
idence to  Brunswick,  Mr.  EUingwood  became 
connected  with  a  new  church  in  Beverly,  of 
which  Rev.  Joseph  Emerson,  was  the  first 
pastor. 

For  some  six  or  seven  years  he  pursued  the 
business  of  a  silversmith  in  Beverly.  By  the 
advice  of  Rev.  Mr.  Emerson  of  Beverly,  Rev. 
Rufus  Anderson  of  Wenham,  and  Rev.  Dr. 
Samuel  Worcester  of  Salem,  he  relinquished 
this  occupation,  in  which  he  had  been  very 
successful,  and  entered  the  Andover  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  in  1810.  Here  he  had  for  his 
room-mate  Rev.  Samuel  J.  Mills,  and  for  his 
most  intimate  friends,  Rev.  Messrs.  Adoniram 
Judson,  Samuel  Newell,  Gordon  Hall,  Nott, 
and  Rice,  the  pioneers  of  our  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary work. 

November  4,  1812,  he  was  ordained  as  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Congregational  Church  in 
Bath.  Dr.  Woods  of  Andover,  preached  the 
sermon  on  the  occasion.  Pres.  Appleton  gave 
the  charge.  Dr.  Payson  offered  the  ordaining 
prayer.  Dr.  Jenks  gave  the  right  hand  of 
fellowship.  Dr.  Francis  Bro^vn,  afterwards 
President  of  Dartmouth  College,  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Council. 

Dr.  EUingwood  labored  in  Bath  with  great 
fidelity   and  success    until  August   17,   1843, 


when  he  resigned  his  pastoral  office  on  account 
of  ill-health,  and  especially  a  great  weakness 
of  voice.  He  continued  to  be  active  in  occa- 
sional preaching  and  other  labors  in  behalf  of 
the  churches,  as  long  as  his  power  to  do  so 
continued.  A  palsy  slowly  crept  over  him 
during  the  last  few  years  of  his  life,  greatly 
impairing  his  mind,  and  disabling  his  bodily 
powers,  until  calmly  and  quietly  he  departed 
to  be  with  Chiist. 

Dr.  EUingwood  possessed  a  combination  of 
qualities  which  fitted  him  to  exert  a  very  lead- 
ing influence,  and  he  was  eminently  successful 
as  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  There  were  added 
to  his  Church  during  the  thirty  years  of  his 
ministry  382  persons — 322  of  them  on  profes- 
sion of  their  faith.  This  was  an  average  of 
more  than  one  a  month  for  the  whole  period. 
There  were  eight  distinct  revivals  of  religion 
in  his  Society  during  that  time.  He  had 
preached  at  the  time  of  resigning  his  pastoral 
office  4,332  times. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  scriptural,  clear  and 
forcible.  He  excelled  almost  all  men  of  my 
acquaintaince  in  his  rare  felicity  in  public  and 
social  prayer.  His  unwritten  expositions  of 
Scripture,  which  he  gave  in  a  weekly.  Tuesday 
evening  lecture,  through  almost  the  whole 
course  of  his  ministry,  were  very  fine  speci- 
mens of  that  useful  kind  of  preaching.  Many 
have  considered  them  his  very  best  and  most 
impressive  public  efforts.  There  were  pub- 
lished of  his  sermons,  one  preached  before  the 
Maine  Missionary  Society,  one  on  the  fifth 
commandment,  one  delivered  before  a  Society 
established  to  promote  moral  reforms,  and 
perhaps  others. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  wisdom  and  pru- 
dence ;  of  the  utmost  firmness  and  independ- 
ence of  opinion  ;  of  large  benevolence  ;  of 
almost  complete  self-control.  He  had  a  deep 
interest  in  the  great  benevolent  enterprises, 
and  educational  and  religious  institutions  of 
his  day.  He  became  a  corporate  member  of 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions  in  1838,  and  for  many  years 
contributed  $100  annually  to  its  funds.  He 
was  a  Trustee  of  the  Maine  Missionary  Society 
nearly  forty  years,  a  valued  Overseer  of  Bow- 
doin College,  and  in  every  situation  was  a 
man  largely  looked  up  to  and  relied  upon. 

He  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts 
from  Williams  College,  in  1816,  and  that  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Bowdoin  College,  in 
18.51. 

His  life,  if  written  in  detail,  would  consti- 
tute a  very  valuable  piece  of  ministerial  biog- 
raphy. J.  o.  F. 


I860.] 


Editors'  Tahle. 


42i 


^bitors'    Cabh. 


Obituaries. — ^We  are  glad  to  publish  brief 
notices  of  the  characters  and  works  of  our  de- 
ceased brothers  and  sisters,  especially  of  min- 
isters of  the  gospel.  But,  as  all  must  see,  our 
pages  cannot  contain  such  full  records  of  un- 
doubted merit  as  the  partialities  of  particular 
friends  would  naturally  WTite  or  wish  to  see  in 
print.  For  this  number  alone  we  have  received 
three  such  notices  of  three  young  brethren, 
lovely,  able,  faithful,  and  deserving  all  that  was 
said  of  them  ;  but  these  three  communications 
would  themselves  nearly  have  filled  one-third 
of  the  body  of  this  number  ;  and,  had  the  other 
notices  found  in  the  Necrology  been  equally 
full,  as  they  could  have  been  easily  and  truth- 
fully, there  would  not  have  been  a  page  for 
anything  else.  We  must  say,  therefore,  once 
more  and  decidedly,  that  we  cannot  publish 
extended  biographies  in  our  Necrology,  nor 
elsewhere,  except  in  very  marked  and  pecu- 
liar cases,  and  then  not  more  than  one  in  a 
number,  unless  it  is  accompanied  by  a  good 
steel  engraving  of  the  individual  commemo- 
rated. From  one  to  three  pages  of  letter-sheet 
manuscript  is  the  extent  to  which  our  limits 
will  warrant  us  in  publishing ;  will  not  our 
kind  friends  bear  this  in  mind  and  prepare 
copy  accordingly  ? 

CoxTROVERSiES. — These  we  must  necessa- 
rily avoid.  Earnest  discussions  upon  impor- 
tant topics  of  general  interest,  entered  into  and 
pursued  for  the  piirpose  of  eliciting  truth, 
come  within  our  limits  and  would  not  be  de- 
clined. The  paper  from  a  worthy  father  in  the 
gospel,  in  relation  to  an  article  in  our  last,  on 
a  "  free  church,  free  gospel  and  free  govern- 
ment," has  been  read  and  may  receive  further 
notice  hereafter.  Our  keen  correspondent, 
"  Triphena,"  is  unquestionably  every  way  ca- 
pable of  casting  a  vote  in  matters  ecclesiastical 
and  it  might  be  "  lawful "  for  her  to  do  so  when 
it  would  not  be  expedient.  The  difficulties  to 
which  she  refers,  do  not  touch  the  question  of 
the  rights  or  proprieties  of  minors'  voting.  If 
she  can  talk  as  well  as  she  writes,  she  can 
scarcely  fail  to  stir  up  the  few  brethren  in  her 
own  Church  to  greater  diligence  in  the  pursuit 
of  a  pastor. 

Editorial  Responsibility.  —  We  have 
stated,  in  a  previous  issue,  that  the  author  of 


every  article  appearing  under  his  own  name 
is  alone  responsible  for  its  sentiments.  The 
same  rule  holds  as  good  in  regard  to  arti- 
cles from  either  editor  as  from  a  correspon- 
dent ;  when  an  editor's  name  is  given,  as  in 
the  article  upon  Dr.  Tyler  in  the  present  num- 
ber, the  author  assumes  all  the  responsibility 
of  its  theological  or  other  opinions. 

One  article  in  our  present  number  embodies 
sentiments  from  which  we  must  express  decid- 
ed dissent.  We  refer  to  the  one  upon  "  Ordi- 
nation without  Installation."  We  admit  it 
as  showing  what  can  be  said,  and  well  said, 
upon  that  side  of  the  question.  But  the  prac- 
tical well-being  of  our  churches  requires  us  to 
express  the  decided  conviction  that  ordinations 
without  charge  should  be  only  exceptional, 
and  very  rare  at  that. 

Statistical  Reports. — We  congratulate 
our  denomination  on  the  great  improvement 
which  has  been  made  the  present  year  in  the 
statistics.  So  far  as  they  have  come  to  hand, 
they  are  full,  carefully  edited,  and  clearly  pre- 
sented. Those  of  Maine  bear  the  signs  of 
the  careful  hand  and  watchful  eye  of  Dea. 
Duren,  of  Bangor,  whose  work  is  still  unsur- 
passed in  a  multitude  of  items  which  perpet- 
uate the  minute  ecclesiastical  history  of  that 
State.  The  Massachusetts  minutes  present 
every  Church,  as  usual,  and  beautifully  print- 
ed ;  most  of  their  value  is  owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  compositor,  Mr.  James  M.  Everett, 
has  put  every  table  in  type  for  twenty-five  suc- 
cessive years.  Ohio  has  found  a  printing 
office  this  year,  and  a  statistical  secretary 
also  ;  hence  fifty-five  pages  of  good  material, 
including  eleven  pages  of  figures ;  another 
year  of  Brother  White's  labor  will  bring  the 
churches  there  into  line.  Our  churches  in 
Indiana  are  few ;  in  fact,  Congregationalism 
there  reminds  us  of  an  officer  in  the  regimeiit 
whose  glory  shone  upon  our  youthful  vision : 
"I  want  to  rise,"  said  he;  "Well,  I  don't 
know  an  officer  in  the  regiment  that  has  a  bet- 
ter opportunity,"  was  the  comforting  reply  of  a 
superior,  which  was  true,  considering  that  the 
officer  was  the  youngest  corporal  in  the  list. 
Nevertheless,  our  faith  and  order  is  yet  to  suc- 
ceed in  Indiana.  We  bid  them  God-speed — 
particuLirly,  if  the  secretary  will  only  hunt  up 
the  five  unreported  churches  before  we  print. 


422 


Congregational  Quarterly  Record. 


[Oct. 


In  Illinois,  Brother  Emery  has  succeeded  ; 
which  is  a  great  matter,  considering  his  diffi- 
culties. The  Michigan  statistics  are  excel- 
lent ;  and  more,  the  secretary  has  sent  an  au- 
thenticated and  corrected  list  of  ministers  for 
our  Quarterly.  The  Canada  figures  are  also 
well  cared  for  and  in  excellent  order  for  us  to 
print,  for  which  we  thank  Brother  Ebbs.  Our 
Canada  brethren  should  be  better  known  in 
the  States. 

In  fact,  our  January  number  will,  in  all  pro- 
bability, comprise  the  best  Statistics  of  the 
Chuhches  ever  yet  given  to  the  public.    To 


ensure  this,  the  secretaries  must  not  forget  us, 
for  we  go  to  press  almost  immediately.  Es- 
pecially we  wish  every  one  to  send  us  the  time 
and  place  of  session  (year,  month,  day  and 
hour),  and  the  officers  of  his  Association,  Con- 
vention, or  Conference. 

Si'BSCRiBERS. — Those  who  have  favored  us 
with  their  names  and  a  dollar  each,  for  the 
current  volume  of  the  Quarterly,  are  hereby 
notified  that  their  subscription  terminates  with 
this  number.  Our  terms  are  cash  in  advance. 
An  EAKLY  remittance  will  much  oblige  us. 


au%xt%Viiianvi\    ^uuxitxl'^ 


g  ^  c  0  r  b- . 


\Cr'  The  measures  which  we  have  matured  for  obtaining  full  and  correct  lists  of  the  various  changes 
occurring  under  the  head  of  our  Quarterly  Record,  will,  we  hope,  secure  the  desired  result  in  future.  We 
earnestly  request,  however,  all  persons  interested,  to  send  us  the  exact  facts  of  which  we  wish  to  make  a 
permanent  record. 


€^f)urc|ics  jFarmeti. 


Jan.  11, 

Mar.  13. 

"  29. 

Apr.  14. 

"  22. 

May  3. 

"  15. 

"  17. 

"  19. 

(C         

June  7. 

"  10. 


1860.    At  NEWARK,  Mich.    14  members. 
At  UPTON,  Van  Buren  Co.,  Iowa. 
At  LISLE,  111.    25  members. 
At  ROCKVILLE,  Iowa. 
At  CLAREMONT,  Dodge  Co.,  Minn.    12 

members. 
At  OBEItLIN.    95  members. 
At  WEST  SALE.y,  Wis.    10  members. 
At  SALINA,  lU. 

At  MAZEPPA,  Wabashaw  Co.,  Minn. 
At  SPARTA,  111. 
At  CANTON,  Mo.    (German.) 


At  BEUSONIA,  Leelelan  Co.,  Mich.  26 
members. 

"  19.  At  NORTH  ASHBURNHAM,  Ms.  11 
members. 

"      21.    At  BOSTON,  Ms.,  Oak  Place  Church. 

"  23.  At  STOCKTON,  Ford  Co.,  111.  12  mem- 
bers. 

"      — .  At  SANDERSTILLE,  in  Grafton,  Ms. 

July     7.  At  CEDAR  FALLS,  Iowa.    17  members. 

"     21.  At  HAMILTON,  Minn. 

"      — .  At  HIGH  FOREST,  Minn. 
Aug.   — .  At  GALENA,  111. 
— .  At  BURLINGTON,  Yt. 


Pastors  J^'smiss£ti. 

Junes.    Rev  AUSTIN  WILLEY,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Anokii,  Minn. 

"  18.     Rev.  MERRICK  KNIGHT,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Hebron,  Ct. 

"  21.     Rev    .JOHN  E.  ROY,  from  the  Plymouth 
Ch.  in  Chicago,  111. 
July  25.     Rev.  WILLIAM  B.  DADA,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Jackson,  Min. 

"  30.    Rev.  EBENEZER  SMITH,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Benson,  Vt. 

"  —     Rev.  SAMUEL  HOPLEY,  from  the  Ch.  in 
Welllleet,  Ms.,  to  take  effect  August  27. 


Aug.  15.    Rev.  JOHN  H.  MERRILL,  from  the  Ch.  in 

Tamworth,  N.  H. 
"  28.     Rev.  EDWARD  S.  DWIGHT,  from  the  1st 

Ch.  in  Amherst,  Ms. 
"  28.    Rev.  HENRY  J.  PATRICK,  from  the  Ch. 

in  Bedford,  Ms. 
"  28.     Rev.   EBEN  DOUGLAS,   from   the  Ch.  in 

Oldtown,  Me. 
"  —     Rev.   T.   H.   CANFIELD,  from  the  Ch.   in 

Belleview,  Iowa. 

\Sy  The  notice  of  the  dismis,sal  of  Rev.  RICHARD 
KNIGHT,  from  the  pa.storate  of  the  Church  at  South 
Hadley  Falls,  Ms.,  inserted  in  our  last  number,  is 
contradicted. 


ilHinisters  ©rt>ain£ti,  or  Instalkti. 

June  6.  Mr.  A.  S.  FISKE,  over  Plymouth  Ch.,  St. 
Paul,  Min.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Haven,  of  Chi- 
cago ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Prof.  Emerson,  of 
Rockford,  111. 

"  7.  Mr.  MOSES  PATTEN,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Townsend.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Phelps,  of  An- 
dover;  Ordaining  Prater  by  Rev.  T.  P.  Saw- 
in,  of  Brookline,  N  H. 

"  8.  Rev.  ABEL  K.  PACKARD,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Anoka,  Minn.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Henry  M. 
Nichols,  of  Minneapolis,  (since  deceased.) 

"  13.  Rev.  JOSEPH  BLAKE,  over  the  Center  Ch. 
in  Gilmanton,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Kufua 
M.  Sawyer,  of  Great  Falls. 

"  13.  Mr.  K.  B.  GLIDDEN,  in  Westmoreland, 
N.  H.  Sermon  by  Key.  Edwin  ."^eabury,  of 
South  Royalston,  Ms.  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by 
Rev.  John  P.  Humphrey,  of  W  inciicster,  N.  H. 

"  13.  Mr.  LY8ANDER  T.  BUIIBANK,  at  Fitz- 
william,  N.  H.,  as  an  Evangelist.  Sermon  by 
Kev.  Asa  D.  Smith,  D.  D.,  of  New  York. 

"  20.  Rev.  JAMES  P.  KJMBALL,  over  the  1st 
Cong.  Ch.  iu  Falmouth,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Edw.  N  Kirk,  D.  D.,  of  Boston  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Hiram  Carlton,  of  iiarustable. 


I860.] 


Congregational  Quarterly  Record. 


423 


June  27.  Mr.  HENRY  M.  BRTDGMAN,  at  "West 
Hampton,  Ms.,  as  Missionary.  Sermon  by 
Prof  Hitchcock,  of  New  York ;  Ordaining 
Prayer  by  Rev.  John  H.  Bisbee,  of  Worthiug- 
ton. 

"  28.  Mr.  EDWARD  C.  MILES,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Stratham,  N  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  John  L. 
Taylor,  of  Andover,  Ms. ;  Ordiiining  Prayer 
by  Rev.  Winthrop  Fifield,  of  South  New- 
market. 

July  5.  Mr.  JULIAN  M.  STURTEVANT,  Jr.,  over 
the  Ch.  in  Hannibal,  Mo.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Julian  M.  Sturtevant,  of  Jacksonville,  111.  ; 
Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Samuel  R.  Thrall, 
of  Summer  Hill,  111. 

"  17.  Mr.  CHARLES  G.  McCULLEY,  over  the 
Church  in  Milltown,  Me.  Sermon  by  Prof. 
Shepard,  of  Bangor. 

"  18.  Mr.  NATHANIEL  P.  GILBERT,  at  Rut- 
land, Vt.,  as  .a  Missionary.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Edward  N.  Kirk,  D.  D.,  of  Boston  ;  Ordaining 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Charles  Walker,  D.  D.,  of 
Pittsford. 

"  26.  Mr.  DAVID  S.  HIBBARD,  at  Yeazie,  Me., 
as  an  Evangelist. 

"  26.  Mr.  SMITH  BAKER,  at  Yeazie,  Me.,  as 
joint  Pastor  of  the  churches  in  Yeazie  and 
Upper  Stillwater. 

Aug  1.  Mr.  RICHARD  CRITTENDEN,  over  the 
Ch  in  North  Guilford,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Burdett  Hart,  of  Fair  Haven. 

"  6.  Rev.  HENKY  M.  BRIDGEMAN,  over  the 
Ch.  in  Colebrook,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev. 
Henry  M.  Dexter,  of  Boston,  Ms.  ;  Installing 
Prayer  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Glover,  of  Granby, 
Vt. 

"  8.  Rev.  RAYMOND  H."  SEELY,  over  the  No. 
Ch.  in  Haverhill,  Mass.  Sermon  by  Prof. 
ShedJ.  of  Andover  ;  Installing  I'rayer  by  llev. 
John  P.  Cleaveland,  D.  D.,  of  Lowell. 

"  15.  Rev.  J.  W  HOUGH,  over  the  Ch.  in  Wil- 
liston,  Vt.  Sermon  by  President  Pease,  of 
Burlington,  Vt. 

"  15.  Rev.  SAMUEL  H.  RIDDEL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Tamworth,  N.  H.  Sermon  by  Rev.  George  W. 
Blagden,  D.  D.,  of  Boston,  Ms.  ;  Installing 
Prajer  by  Rev.  Augustus  C.  Thompson,  D.  D., 
of  Roxbury,  Ms. 

"  21.  Mr.  NORMAN  SEAVER,  as  Colleague  Pas- 
tor over  the  Ch.  in  Rutland,  Vt.  Sermon  by 
Rev.  Willard  Childs,  D.  D.,  of  Castleton ;  Or- 
daining Prayer  by  Rev.  Silas  Aiken,  D.  D.,  the 
Senior  Pastor. 

"  22.  Mr.  EZRA  HASKELL,  over  the  Ch.  in 
Canton,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Prof.  Vermilye,  of 
East  Windsor,  Ct.  ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev. 
Henry  B   Hooker,  D.  D.,  of  Boston. 

"  22.  Mr.  J.  II.  McMONEGLE,  over  the  Ch.  in 
East  Machias,  Me. 

"  22.  Mr.  JONATHAN  E.  BARNES,  over  the  Ch 
in  Darien,  Ct.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Joel  H.  Lias- 
ley,  D.  D.,  of  Greenwich,  Ct. 


Aug.  29.  Mr.  CHARLES  RAY  PALMER,  over  the 
Tabernacle  Ch.,  Salem,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Rich- 
ard S.  Storrs,  Jr.,  D.  D  ,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Worces- 
ter, D.  D.,  of  Salem. 

Sept.  5.  Rev.  ARTHUR  T.  PIERSON,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Binghampton,  N.  Y. 

"  6.  Mr.  HENRY  J.  RICHARDSON,  over  the  Ch. 
in  Lincoln,  Ms.  Sermon  by  Prof.  I'helps,  of 
Andover ;  Ordaining  Prayer  by  Rev.  AinOS 
Blanchard,  D.  D.,  of  Lowell. 


July  11.  In  Dudley,  Ms.,  Rev.  WILLIAM  A.  Mo 
GINLEY,  of  Shrewsbury,  to  Miss  ELIZA  B., 
daughter  of  Lyman  Fay,  Esq.,  of  North- 
bridge. 
"  11.  In  Plymouth,  Ms.,  Rev.  ISAAC  C.  WHITE, 
of  lloxbury ,  to  Miss  HANNAH  B.,  daughter  of 
the  late  Schuyler  Sampson,  of  P. 

Aug.  7.  In  Montague,  Ms  ,  Rev.  CARLOS  C.  CAR- 
PENTER, of  Birmingham,  Ct.,  to  Miss  ELLEN 
L.,  daughter  of  ApoUus  Gunn,  Esq.,  of  M. 
"  22.  In  Brattlcboro,  Vt.,  Rev.  NATHAN  MUN- 
ROE,  Editor  of  Boston  Rfcorder,  to  Mrs.  ANNA 
MARIA  CRAIG,  of  Brattleboro. 

Sept.  8.  In  Yarmouth,  N.  S.,  Rev.  GEORGE  E. 
FREEMAN,  of  Manchester,  Ms.,  to  Miss 
JEANNET  BALFOUR,  daughter  of  the  late 
Robert  Brown,  Esq.,  of  Y. 


March  8.    In   St.   Johnsbury,  Vt.,   Rev.  LUTHER 
JEWETT,  aged  87. 

May    15.    In  Geneva,  Ohio,  Rev.  EDWIN  H.  GIL- 
BERT. 
"      25.     In    Nashua,    N.   H.,   Rev.   JOHN     W. 
SHEPHERD,  aged  72. 

June  23.     In  North  Wolf  boro',   N.  H.,  Rev.  STE- 
PHEN MERRILL. 

July     5.     In  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Rev.  HENRY  M. 
NICHOLS,  aged  36. 
8.    In   Plymouth,   Ct.,  Rev.   ERSKINE    J. 

HA  WES,  aged  31. 
8.    In  Shinnecock  Reservation,  L.  I.,  Key. 
NOAH    EMERSON,  of  HoUis,  N.  H., 
aged  72. 

14.    In  Beloit,  Wis.,  Rev.  JARED  0.  KNAPP, 

aged  41. 
20.    In  Roxbury,  Ms.,  Rev.  GEORGE  B.  LIT- 
TLE, of  West  Newton,  aged  38. 
20.    In    Hudson,  N    H.,   Rev.   DANIEL    L. 
FRENCH,  aged  63. 
Aug.    19.    In  Bath,  Me.,  Rev.  JOHN  W.  ELLING- 

WOOD,  D  D.,  aged  78. 
Sept.     2.    In  PlattevUle,  Wis.,  Rev.  JOHN  LEWIS, 
aged  43. 

"        7.    In  New  London,   Ct.,  Rev.   ABEL    Mo- 
EWEN,  D.D.,  aged  80. 


— <   >^    t 


VOL.  II.  44 


424  American  Congregational  Union.  [Oct. 

American  Congrrgattonal  55nion. 

The  last  three  months  have  brought  to  the  Secretary  more  applications  for  aid  in  Church 
erection,  have  revealed  more  and  wider  fields  of  usefulness,  and  have  produced  a  deeper  convic- 
tion of  the  importance  of  the  work  now  undertaken,  than  in  any  previous  six  months  since  this 
Organization  had  an  existence.  Not  only  has  the  rapid  increase  of  churches  contributed  to  this 
result,  but  the  great  harvests  of  the  West,  now  being  gathered,  and  a  fair  market,  have  encour- 
aged many  a  feeble  band  to  take  heart  and  undertake  to  build.  They  are  hopeful  of  reaching 
our  conditions.  Hitherto  they  have  not  been  able  to  secure  this  ;  nor  yet  are  they  able,  for  old 
grocery  bills  are  to  be  paid,  back  interest  to  be  settled  up,  mortgages  over  due  are  to  be  can- 
celed, neglected  fences  to  be  repaired,  and  a  thousand  things,  which,  in  the  past  three  years  of 
essential  famine,  have  been  left  at  loose  ends,  compromised,  or  foregone,  must  now  have  their 
attention  ;  but,  ''  beyond  their  ability,"  they  will  gladly  do  and  are  doing,  to  secure  the  erection 
of  a  house  of  the  Lord.  To  meet  this  increasing  demand,  the  Trustees  have  sent  out  to  all  our 
churches  an  earnest  appeal  for  at  least  $30,000,  this  year,  with  which  to  secure  the  comple- 
ting and  paying  for  one  hundred  sanctuaries  THIS  year.  As  yet,  very  few  and  only  feeble 
responses  have  been  made.  Better  things  are  hoped  for  and  very  much  needed.  Thus  far,  only 
such  cases  have  been  accepted  as  could  not  be  deferred  or  delayed  without  apparent  disaster. 
Since  our  statement  in  the  July  Quarterly,  appropriations  have  been  made  to  fourteen  churches, 
amounting  in  all  to  $4,100.  Some  of  these  are  at  unusually  important  points,  and  will  secure 
a  large  investment  of  labor  and  materials,  and  neat  places  of  worship.  At  the  last  meeting,  on 
the  urgent  plea  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  in  behalf  of  the  seven  most  pressing  cases 
selected  out  of  nearly  fifty  applicants,  the  Trustees  with  reluctance  pledged  the  amoimts  abso- 
lutely needed  in  each  case,  with  the  full  knowledge  that  the  Treasury  was  then  over-pledged  in 
the  amount  of  nearly  one  thousand  dollars.  But  there  stood  before  them  a  true  and  faithful 
minister,  saying  that  such  a  Church  would  lose  a  beautiful  house,  upon  which  $1,800  had  already 
been  paid,  and  the  Church  would  disband,  and  error  and  irrcligion  would  come  in,  without  aid. 
But  $300  from  us  would  be  the  lever  by  which  they  would  raise  $1,200  more,  and  pay  all. 
Another,  and  a  distant  and  new  community,  now  large  and  rapidly  increasing,  must  have  $500, 
or  all  would  be  lost.  With  that  amount  in  prospect,  $4,000  would  be  secured,  and  our  Treasury 
would  soon  be  more  than  reimbursed.  Another,  in  a  new  State,  a  young  but  hopeful  Church,  is 
building,  but  cannot  finish  without  a  loan  of  $500  on  five  years,  payable  in  annual  instalments 
of  $100  each.  And  so,  through  the  seven.  In  confidence  that  Christ's  friends  would  have  them 
extend  help  in  such  cases  and  will  speedily  place  the  means  at  their  command,  the  Trustees 
consented  this  once  to  depart  from  their  usual  course,  viz  :  to  appropriate  only  lohat  is  in  hand, 
or  fairly  in  immediate  prospect.  Some  of  the  remaining  applicants  are  very  desirous  of  know- 
ing that  they  can  confidently  rely  on  help  before  they  begin.  Others  are  delaying  their  work 
for  a  winter  job.  The  most  of  them  are  waiting  for  a  replenished  Treasury,  for  which  we,  also, 
impatiently  wait.  Let  those  who  CAN  aid,  remember  that  these  churches  may  be  compelled 
to  wait  too  long.  And  this  we  say  advisedly.  It  is  but  seldom,  in  the  experience  of  these  feeble 
churches,  that  circumstances  so  converge  that  they  can  unite  their  forces  and  hopefully  under- 
take to  build.  When  they  do,  then  is  emphatically  "  their  time."  Failing  of  help  tlicn  is  often 
fatal  to  the  existence  of  the  Church  itself.  These  wrecks  of  hopes  and  churches  may  be  found 
all  along  our  "V\''estern  frontier ;  and,  in  many  a  place,  such  a  termination  of  a  Church  of 
Christ  is  the  extinction  of  the  last  ray  of  moral  light  in  the  community  in  which  it  was  located. 

We  have  paid,  since  last  reported,  to  the  Church  at  Wyandotte,  K.T.,  $500 ;  at  Grasshopper 
Falls,  K.  T.,  $200,  the  gift  of  N.  P.  Avery,  Esq.,  Greenville,  Ct. ;  Salina,  Iowa,  $250;  Con- 
gregational Church,  Gosport,  N.Y.,  $200  ;  Collins  Station,  111.,  $150 ;  Magnolia,  Iowa,  $100,  the 
gift  of  the  Hon.  Joshua  P.  Trask,  of  Gloucester,  Ms. ;  Oroville,  Cal.,  $300  ;  Wataga,  111.,  $250  ; 
Onargo,  111.,  $200  ;  Topeka,  K.  T.,  $300 ;  Stacyville,  Iowa,  $150,  the  gift  of  Henry  P.  Havens, 
Esq.,  of  New  London,  Ct.  In  all,  ten  churches  have  been  brought  to  a  point  of  hope,  from 
which  progress  may  be  confidently  looked  for  ;  a  point,  which,  if  some  of  them  could  have 
reached  years  ago,  would  have  unquestionably  placed  them  long  since  in  a  commanding  and 
.self-sustaining  position.  Better  late  than  never  it  may  be  ;  but  while  the  work  of  the  Master 
lingers,  the  enemy  is  entrenciiing  himself  in  many  a  strong-hold.  The  King's  business  demands 
haste. 

D^=*  Send  donations  to  N.  A.  Calkins,  New  York ;  or,  if  more  convenient,  to  Rev.  Isaac  P. 
I.angworthy,  Chelsea,  Ms. 


INDEX. 


NOTE.— This  Index  does  not  includo  the  names  in  the  Catalogues  of  books  on  pp.  18—20,  and  268  ;  the 
names  of  ministers  on  pp.  98—158,  (which  are  alphabetically  arranged  on  pp  135—168  ;)  the  lists  of  Theolo- 
gical students  (arranged  alphabetically  in  classes)  on  pp.  186— 190.  The  examiner  is  also  reminded  that  a 
name  may  occur  several  times  on  the  same  page  ;  and  is  also  informed  that  names  really  identical,  but  slightly 
varying  in  spelling,  such  as  Clark  and  Clarke,  Cook  and  Cooke,  Peirce  and  Pierce,  Sarqent  and  Sae- 
GEAKT,  are  classed  together.     For  General  Topics,  see  Contents,  at  the  commencement  of  this  volume. 


Abbe,  95 

Abbot,  210.  346 

Abraham.  229 

Adams,  27,  48.  84,  94, 167,  196,  243, 

339,  347,  388,  416 
Adrian,  Mich.,  View  of  Church  in, 

267 
^Ifric,  15 
Aiken, 423 
Ailesbury,  268 
Alcuin,  15,  16,  17 
Alden,  94,  242,  244 
Alexander.  411 

Allen,  1,  93-5,  159,  206,  347,  372 
AUyne,  9 
Alvord,  182 
Ambresin,  303 
Ambrose,  16 
Ameil,44 
American   Congregational    Union, 

160,  244,  349,  424 

Anderson   302,347,420 

Andrew.  15 

Andrieux.  303 

Andros,  34,  244 

Andrus,  178 

Anet,  304 

Angier,  17,  206,  346-7 

Anselm,  16 

Appleton.  211,  342,  420 

Apthorp.  44 

Apollonius,  60 

Aquinas,  16 

Archenwall,  176 

Arms.  95, 196,  243 

Armstrong,  5 

Arnold,  94,  293 

Arnot,  304,  415 

Ashmole,  268 

Associations,  State  Congregational, 

159 
Associations,  Ministerial,   in   New 

England,  Ori-in  of,  203 
Atkins  27 

Atwater,  273, 344,  347 
Atwood,  377 
Auchmutv,  311,313 
Audebez,  303 
Augustine,  16 
Austin,  6.  95.  338,  363,  365 
Avery,  63,  178,  346,  378,  389,  424 
Ayer,  184-6, 377 
Bachelor,  203 
Backus,  27.   178-9,  185,  246,  273- 

4,  365.  367 
Bacon,  15,  27,  77,  94,  192,  243, 248- 

9,266 
Badger,  179,  274-5,  305 
Badlam.  10 
Bailey,   Baylie,   Bay  ley,  206,  282, 

302 


Baird,232 

Baker,  95,  237.  386,  413,  423 

Balch,  78,  87,  211 

Ballard,  94-5 

Bampton,  235 

Bancroft,  6,  34 

Bangs,  5 

Banks,  354 

Baptists,  Statistics  of,  409 

Barber,  94,  242 

Barker,  183 

Barnard,  9,  211 

Barnes,  94,  180, 182,  233,  423 

Barrows,  81.  187,  389 

Bartlett,  189 

Bartley,  347 

Bascom,  159,  242 

Basil,  16 

Bossett,  376-7,  411 

Bateman,  234 

Bates,  6,  7,  277,  376-7,  389,  411 

Batt,  94-5 

Batten,  205 

Baxter,  261,  366 

Beach,  312 

Beaman,  94 

Beardsley,  270 

Bede,  16 

Beaubien,  396 

Beauchaiiip,  268 

Beecher,  94,  189,  233,  256,  264-5 

Belknap,  3 

Bell,  347 

Bellamy,  246,  252,  291 

Benedict,  16.  289,  291-2,  377-9 

Benignus,  304 

Benjamin,  95 

Beunot,  17 

Bernard,  16 

Berry,  182 

Bersier.  303 

Berthoilet.  304 

Befsom,  243 

Betty,  205 

Bickers teth,  415 

Bigelow,  366 

Billings,  180-1 

Binder.  304 

Biographies,  see  Table  of  Contents. 

Birchard,  179 

Bird,  243 

Bisbee,  423 

Bissell,  94,  291,  388 

Black,  411 

Blackstone,  326 

Blagden,  347,  423 

Blake,  88,  414,  422 

Blakiston,  81,  232,  415 

Blanchard,  94,  189,  243,  347,  423 

Bland,  411 

Blatchford,  373 

Bliss,  86 


Blodget,  347 

Blomfield,  302 

Boardman,  90-1 

Bodington,  302 

Bodwell,  95,  159 

Bogue,  95 

Boissot,  304 

Bolton,  37 

Bonaparte,  167,  364 

Bonar,  347 

Bond,  347 

Bonifas,  303 

Bord,  304 

Bost,  303 

Boubila,  303 

Bourne,  283-4 

Bouton,  82,  95,  111 

Bowen,  179 

Bowers,  243 

Bowes,  211 

Boyd,  411 

Brace,  243,  352 

Bradford,  25-6, 185,  344 

Bradshaw,  94-5,  411 

Bradstreet,  43 

Bragg,  242 

Braman.  373 

Brattle,  206 

Breck,  209 

Breeze,  302 

Brewster,  296,  323,  414 

Brewer,  93 

Bridge,  93,  206 

Bridgeman,  423 

Brinkerhoff.  411 

Bristol,  389 

Bromfield,  302 

Bronson,  411 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  view  of  Church  in, 

213 
Brooks,  243 
Broughton,  347 
Brown,  234,  293,  319,  338,  411,  420, 

423 
Bryant,  346 
Buchanan,  229,  368 
Bucklin,  347 
Buckminster,  3 
Budington,  214,  243 
Butfitt,  269.  270 
Bufford,  231 
Bulkley.95 
Bull,  302 
Bunyan.  15,  366 
Burbank,  422 
Burgess.  339 
Burgh.  366 
Burnet,  288 
Burnham.  346 
Burns,  411 
Burpee,  159 
Burr,  387-8 


426 


Index, 


Bnrritt,  389 

Burroughs,  183 

Burgess,  28 

Burr,  62 

Burt,  67 

Burton,  95. 270,  344, 365 

Burtow,  37 

Bushnell.  93,  229,  261 

Bute.  47 

Butler.  159.  257,  371 

Buttertield,  95 

Byles.  210 

Cabanis.  303 

Cabot,  166 

Cacheux,  304 

Calamy,  205-6 

Calhoun.  352 

Calkins.  82,  424 

Calvin,  816.  327 

Camp.  96 

Campbell.  302 

Canfield.  422 

Carlton.  47.  422 

Carpenter.  81,  93,  345,  347,  423 

Cartwright.  316 

Carver,  25.  182,  414 

Cassiodorus,  16 

Castel.  3113 

Cazales,  303 

Challen,  338-9 

Chalmers.  236 

Chamberlin.  94.  96. 179.  180.  416 

Chandler,  95,  183,  243,  311,  388, 
411 

Channing,  3,  217 

Chapin,  94,  189 

Chaplin,  Chaplain.  43,  46,  363 

Chapman.  94.  273,  277 

Charbonn.-y,  393 

Charlemagne,  17 

Charles  II..  17,  285 

Chaucer,  268 

Chauncey,  209,  273,  408 

Chazottes,  304 

Cheekley,  210 

Chesley,  88 

Chester,  246.  378 

Chevillier  16 

Chickeriug,  1.59 

Chidlaw.  403 

Child,  95.  389 

Children,  how  Trained  by  the  Pu- 
ritans, 198 

Childs,  4i3 

Choate,  218 

Christian  Connection,  305 

Chrysostora,  16 

Church,  274 

Churches  formed,  93,  242,  346,  422 

Church  and  Society,  329 

Church  building,  21 

Church  polirv  in  relation  to  Civil 
Freedom,  311,  396 

CIafliii,93 

Clapp,  27,  196 

Clark,  title.  15,  42,  93  5,  173,  181- 
2,  194.  198,  232,  269,  271,  282, 
347,  387,  404 

Clary,  347 

Cleaveland.  Cleveland,  26,  95,  180, 
185,194,423 

Clement,  16.  237 

Clifford.  347 

Clough.  305 

Cobb,  347 

Cochrane,  196,  344,  347,  411 

Codman,  1-14,  45,  348 

Coe,  343,  272.  387,  411 

Coffin,  46, 210 

Cogswell.  25,  181,  341 

Cohn,  67 

Coit,  289-91,  293 

Cole,  346 

Collins,  347, 411 

Colman.  84,  202,  206,  210 

Colton,  94-5 


Coltrain,94 

Compte,  303 

Congrega'ional  Churches  in  Con- 
necticutj  25.  178,  289,  376 

Congregational  Churches  in  West- 
ern Reserve,  269,  386 

Congregational  Church  Polity  in 
relation  to  Freedom,  313,  396; 
adap'ed  to  Missionary  Work,  28 

Congri  gational  Library  Associa- 
tion, 96,  244,  348 

Congregitional  Statistics  : — 
Churches  and  Ministers  in  Amer- 
ica, 97  ;    Foreign,  302  ;    Theo- 
logical Seminaries,  186 ;  Welsh, 
401 

Congregationalism  in  Eastern  New 
York,  35;  in  Michigan,  190;  in 
Minnesota,  67 

Congrega'Jonalists,  need  of  denom- 
initional  spirit  among,  398  ;  neg- 
lect of  their  own  Vineyard,  390, 
et  stq. 

Cooke,  93  211,  344-5,  347-9,  402 

Cooley,  95,  272-8,  346 

Cooper,  1,  2,  202,  210 

Corbald,  303 

Cordes,  303 

Cordley,  159 

Cornbury,  36.  37 

Cornelius.  373 

Cornell,  339 

Cottier,  303 

Cotton,  55,  77.  199,  203,  211,  272, 
284,  296,  322,  325,  379 

Couniils,  Authority  of;  their  be- 
ing, prerogatives,  force  of  decis- 
ion, 53-64 

Courvoi.sier.  304 

Cowles.  159,  346,  379 

Craig,  423 

Crane,  411 

Cranmcr,  316 

Crawford,  95 

Creek,  311 

Cressey.  341 

Crittenden,  423 

Crompton.  17 

Crosby,  79,  80,  82,  84, 231, 232,339, 
415 

Crow,  411 

CumminiTS,  77, 94,  242,  346-7 

Curtis,  378 

Cusbing,  210-11 

Cushman,243,  283 

Cuttins,  .340 

Daboil.  352 

Diida,  422 

D.agget,  94 

Dalton,  166 

Dam  man  n.  304 

Damur,  303 

Dana.  9,  273,  372-3,  379,  411 

Dan  forth,  406 

Daniels,  402 

D'Anvers.  15 

D.irdel,  303 

Dardier,  303 

D'Aubigne.  304 

Darrow,  270 

Davenport,  61,  183.  210 

Davis,  Davies,  7,  94,  96, 159,  183, 
302  3  402-3 

Davol.  95 

Day,  184  5.  241 

Dean,  95,  411 

Dearborn.  168-9 

De  Fa.\  e,  303 

Delagnenu.  304 

De  Liefde  304,  .339 

Delille,  303 

Deming,  388 

Dennen, 293 

Denvs,  303 

De  llobert,  303 

De  Kodt,  304 


De  Sauspure,  303 
Descombez  303  4 
Dexter,  title,   7,   14,  67,  186,  268. 

337,  423 
Dewev.  292 
Dick,"302,  339 
Dickerman   81,242 
Dickinson,  93,  159,  178-9,  243,  377 
Diman,  242-3 
Dimmick,  347,  370-5 
Dion,  199 
Dionysius,  199 
Doane,  25 

Doddridge,  279  80.  375 
Dodge,  94-5,  236,  378 
Doe,  94 
Doine,  .303 
Donelson,  182 
Dongan,  34 
Dorchester,  the  Controversy  in.  in 

1810-'12.  5 
Douglas,  422 
Dow,  184-5 
Dowd,  377 
Drake,  347 
Draper,  80,  338,  414 
Duchemin,  3u3 
Dugdale,  16 
Dunb.-ir,  379 

Dunning,  94,  159,  289,  293, 
Dunton,206 
Dupont,  304 
Dupraz,  304 
Dupriux,  304 
Durand,  304 
Duren.  96,  159,  339,  421 
Dusart,  303 
Dussauze,  303 
Dustau,  94 
Dwight,  94. 161, 172, 188,  241,  243, 

247-9,  2.j2,  262,  364,  367,  389,  423 
Dwinnell,  347 
Dye,  95 
Eaton,  35,  292 
Ebbs.  95.  96.  159,  422 
Eckley,4.  338 
Eddy,  94,  180,  240-1,302 
Edmund.s,  305 
Edward  VI  ,  78.  234 
Edwards,   3S,    159,   162.  199,   209, 

233,236    255  6    261-3,  288,  361, 

'366,  373,  398,  402-3,  408 
Eells,  271,  387 
Eidlitz.  67 

Eliot,  Elliot,  6,  203.  210,  283-8,  302 
Eliz.beth,  78.200,  234 
EUingwood,  420,  423 
Ellis.  179 
Ellison,  370 
Ellsworth,  166 
EUery.  44 
Elmer,  242 
Emerson,   88,   94,    243,    346,    420, 

4223 
Emery,  159.  422 
Emmons,  55,  61.  80,  183,  231,  262, 

342,  365 
Episropncv  in   the   Revolution   of 

1776.  311 
Erskiue.  238 
Escande.  304 
Estrabaud,  303 
Eusebius.  16 
Evans,  182,  402  3 
Evarts,  5,  171,  373 
Everest,  185 
Everett,  4' 12.  404,421 
Evmann.303 
Faber.  364 
Fairchild.  189,  243 
Faure.  303 
Fay,  2.36,  423 
Fee,  41 1 
Felt,  211 
Fenn,  271,  389 
Ferris,  67 


Index. 


Ferry,  192 

Field,  89,  95,  269,  347 

Fifield,  423 

Filhol,  304 

Finnev,  189 

Fisch,"303 

Fish,  235 

Fisher,  188 

Fisk,  56.  93, 182, 189,  369,  422 

Fitch.  25, 188,  262,  363,  405 

Fitz,  94 

Fitzgerald,  339 

Flamanck,  205 

Flavel,  366 

Fletcher,  243 

Flower,  302 

Fobes,  346 

Fogg,  210 

Folsom,  346 

Forbes.  205 

Foster,'  95,  347 

Fowler,  15,  289,  292 

Fox,  15,  206 

Foxcraft,  202 

Fraser,  95 

Free    Church,  Free  Gospel,    Free 

Government,  313 
Freeman,  364,  423 
French,  88,  239,  347,  419-20,  423 
Frisbie,  236. 346 
Frost,  180,  182,  354 
Fulgentius,  16 
Fuller,  2,  185,  289,  291,  319,  326, 

391 
Gadsden,  352 
Gage,  46 
Gale,  86,  351 
Gardner,  320 
Garland,  347 
Gaussen,  304 
Gay,  293 

Gaylord,  181,  274,  411 
Gee,  210 
George,  87,  95 
German    Eeformed,    Statistics    of, 

222 
Gerry,  165 
Gibbs,  188.  206 
Gibson,  340 
Gilbert,  95,  347,  423 
Gile,  6 
Giles,  373 
Gillette,  94,  184 
Gilman,  94,  244 
Gittens,  302 
Glidden,  422 
Glover,  423 
Goffe,  369 
Goodale,  95,  389 
Goodenow,  311 
Goodhue,  340 
Goodrich,  83,  241-3,  264-5 
Goodwin,  347 
Gookin,  206,  210,  286-7 
Gorham,  165 
Goss,  243 
Gotthold,  81 

Gould,  78,  81,  234-5,  338,  340 
Gower,  268 
Graham,  271,  389 
Grant,  81,  229,  379 
Granville,  47 
Graves,  243,  390 
Gray,  210 
Greeley,  346,  362 
Greene,  243,  266 
Greenough,  6,  412 
Gregory,  16 
Grev,  302 
Griffin,  6,  236,  351 
Griffiths.  302,  402-3 
Griggs,  94 
Grindal,  208,  234 
Grosvenor,  178 
Grout,  229 
Gunn,  423 


Haksteen,  304 

Hale,  93,  181,  347 

Hall.  95,  219,  223-4,  368,  376-8 

Halliburton,  311 

Halsey,  205 

Hamilton,  196 

Hamlin,  291 

Hammond.  95,  195 

Hanbury,  61 

Hancock,  205,  211 

Hanford,  269 

Hanmer,  179 

Hardman,  302 

Harrington,  346,  411 

Harris,  4,  7,  95,  186,  289 

Harrison,  196,  205,  302 

Hart,  269,  291,  352,  381, 423 

Hartwell,  94 

Haseltine,  237,  243 

Haskell,  90,  95.  423 

Haughwout,  67 

Haven,  94, 189,  243,  422 

Havens,  424 

Hawes,  94.  95,  357,  418-9,  423 

Hawkes,  238 

Hawkins,  311 

Hawley,  38,  163,  164 

Haynes,  273 

Hazen,  26-8,  347 

Headley,  347 

Healey,  93 

Hearne,  205 

Heathcote,  36 

Helmer,  94 

Henriquet,  303 

Henry  VIII.,  315 

Herrick,  94,  243 

Henderson.  80-1 

Hervey,  411 

Heywood,  17 

Hibbard,  87,  416,  423 

Hidden, 94 

Higginson.  319,  325 

Hillard,  346-7 

Hillarius,  16 

Hind,  311,  313 

Hice,  265 

Hitchcock,  94,  232,  423 

Hitchani.  302 

Hobart,  95,  159, 195, 196,  266 

Hodgdon,  88 

Hodge,  233,  258 

Hodges,  196 

Hoe,  216,  219 

Holbrook,  240.  243,  373 

Holl.and,  88.  205 

Hollister,  345 

Hohnes,  99.  94,  171,  242 

Homer,  6,  377, 

Hood,  95 

Hooker,  55.  60,  94,  171,  204,  208, 

325,  347,  354,  423 
Hope,  411 

Hopkins,  78,  95,  209,  234,  262,  302 
Hopley,422 
Hornius,  296 
Hosford,  389 
Hough,  178-9.  344,  423 
Howard,  196,  274 
Howe,  27,  47,  311,  363 
Howell,  95,302 
Hoyois,  304 
Hubbard,  36 
Hughes,  389,  401 
Hull,  87, 185 

Humphrey.  292.  354,  411,  422 
Hungerford.  352 
Hunt,  377,  379 
Hunter,  2,  387 

Huntington,  6,  82,  354,  378,  415 
Hurd,  95 
Hurlbut,  1.59 
Hutchins,184 

Hutchinson,  47,  242,  285. 322,  411 
Hyde,  94,  159,  195,  196,  242,  363 
lams,  347 


Ide.  80,  93 

Ijelin,  304 

Inglis,  311,  313 

Innes,  205 

Ireland,  229 

Isidore,  16 

Jaccard,  304 

Jack, 229 

Jackson,  94 

James,  203.  302 

James  I.,  200 

Jameson,  243,  346 

Jandard,  304 

Jaquith.  347 

Jay,  2,  229 

Jeffreys,  229 

Jenkins,  403 

Jeuks,  82,  420 

Jennings,  95 

Jerome,  16 

Jessup,  346 

Jewell,  88 

Jewett,  231,  415,  423 

John  Sagamore.  283 

Johnson,  95, 183,  211,  379 

Jones,  95,  195,  196,  305,  402-3 

Joseph,  302 

Judd,  162,  293,  411 

Judson,27.  179,  420 

Jynkyns,  403 

Kelley,  87,  305 

Kemp,  346 

Kendall,  6,  94,  347,  369 

Kendrick,  237 

Kenney,  94 

Ketchum,293 

KUbee,  205 

Kimball,  93,  95,  193,  239-40,  243, 

373,  375.  422 
Kincaird,  305 

King,  26,  27,  28, 165, 166,  377-8 
Kinney, 159 
Kirk,  243,  340,  422-3 
Kirkness,  302 
Kirkpatrick,  411 
Kitchel,  94 

Knapp,  376-7,  419,  423 
Knepen,  194 
Knight,  178-9,  346,  422 
Knox,  327 
Kurtz,  415-6 
Lacroix,  302 
La  Harpe,  304 
Lamson,  95 
Lane,  380 
Lanfranc,  16 
Langdon,  184 

Langworthy,  title,  20,  94,  424 
Lanius,  411 
Lansing,  214 
Larkin,  236 
Lathrop,  9,  10,  274 
Lawrence,  83, 188,  238 
Lay  Element  in  the  churches,  293 
Learned,  25-7,  178,  289,  293,  376 
Leach,  302 
Leavitt,  94  346 
Lechford,  55,  204,  282,  322 
Ledoux,  304 

Lee,  232,  242,  339,  347,  415 
Leete,  302 
Lefevre,  304 
Leigh  ton.  2-34 
Lenoir,  303-4 
Leoniird,  242.  387 
Le  Savoureux,  303 
Levasseur,  304 
Leveridge,  284 
Lewis,  402-3,  423 

Libraries,  old,  notes  upon,  14,  268 
Li!<g(t,  2-12 
Liflie,  190 

Lincoln,  78,  81,  234-5,  338,  340 
Lindley,  229 
Lindisay.  81,  232,  415 
Linsley,  347,  423 


428 


Index. 


Lippincott.  414 

Litchfield,  182 

Littell,  Little.  244,  423 

Livcmiore,  243 

Livingston,  347 

Lloyd,  402 

Lobdell,  81.  94 

Lombard,  16 

Loomis,  93,  243 

Lord,  243 

Loring,  93,  243 

Loughead,  271-2 

Low,  79 

Lowell,  2,  4 

Ludlow,  250 

Luther,  15 

Lutheran  (Evangelical)  Statistics, 
221 

Lyman,  6, 172 

Lyon,  379 

Macaulav,  287,  327 

Mack,  347 

Macklin,  411 

Mackown,  292 

Macrobius,  16 

Magown,  242 

Mahan,  266 

Maltby,  347,  416 

Mann,  184 

Manning,  93,  95,  413 

Marchal,  304 

Marrauld,  303 

Marsh,  185.  242,  352,  354 

Marshall,  25,  26,  94 

Martain,  47 

Marvin,  370,  390 

Mary,  78 

Mason,  81 

Mather,  3,  36,  53,  56,  60,  61,  63,  64, 
175,  199,  201,  202,  206-8,  235, 
272,  284,  405,  407-8 

Matthew,  15 

Maverick,  2,  43,  203 

May,  205 

Mayhew,  283-5,  287 

McCall,  243 

McClung,  411 

MoCulley,  423 

McDowall,  196 

McEwen,  243,  352,  423 

McFarland,  82 

McGinley,  423 

McKeen,  420 

McKinney,  229 

McLauren,  411 

McLean,  94 

McMonegle,  423 

McPherson,  411 

McQueen,  411 

Means,  1,  94,  347 

Mebane,  411 

Medford,  Ms.,  view  of  Church  in, 
412 

Meeker,  232 

Meekins,  243 

Mellen,  229 

Melvin,  94 

Mcrriam,  83,  349,  388 

Merrick,  422 

Merrill,  27,  95,  423 

Merwin,  250 

Metcalf,  62,  238,  415 

Methodist  Statistics,  411 

Miles,  423 

Millard,  305 

Miller,  94,  95,  364,  376 

Mills,  368,  420 

Milson,  303 

Miltimore,  372 

Ministers,  Congregational,  list  of  in 
America,  135-158  ;  settlements 
of.  93,  242,  346,  422  ;  married, 
95,  243.  347,  423  ;  dismissed,  93, 
242,  346,  4-i2 ;  deceased,  95,  243, 
347,  423  ;  obituaries  of,  see  Con- 
tents. 


Milton.  15,  373,  397 

Missionary  labor  at  the  West,  223 

Missions,  foreign,  Congregational- 
ism adapted  to,  28 

Monod.  303 

Montague,  96, 159 

Montesquieu,  46 

Mooar,  82 

Moody,  163,  206 

Moore,  96.  159,  243,  367 

Morgan,  189 

Morish,  302 

Moroy,  304 

Morris,  159.  347,  403 

Morrison,  93,  302 

Morrow,  411 

Morse,  6,  205,  364 

Mortimer,  302 

Morton,  86  95,  200,  205-6,  320 

Moseley,  180-1,  290,  378 

Mungry,  205 

Munroe,  423 

Munsell,  243 

Murdock,  373 

Myers,  411 

Nason,  413 

Neal,  55,  201,  411 

Nelson,  363-9 

Nettleton,  27 

Newcomb,  94 

Newell,  420 

Newman,  236-7 

Newton,  234,  291 

New  York  City,  view  of  Taberna- 
cle Church  in,  64 

New  York,  Eastern,  Congregation- 
alism in,  35 

Nichols,  79,  80,  82,  232,  339,  415, 
417-8,  422-3 

Nicolet,  304 

Nigellius,  15 

Niles,  46 

Norcross,  95 

Northrop.  245,  347 

Norton,  60 

Nott,  292.  420 

Nourse,  379 

Noyes,  223 

Obituaries  ;  see  Table  of  Contents. 

Odlin,  210 

Olmstead,  85 

Oncken,  397 

Ordination,  with  or  without  In- 
stallation, 380 

Origen,  16 

Orton,  279-81 ;  Job,  his  confession 
of  faith,  280 

Orvis,  387-8 

O-sgood,  4,  27,  412 

Otis,  181 

Owen,  216,  302.  403 

Packard,  93,  346,  422 

Page,  300 

Paine,  366,  411 

Palmer,  26,  94,  205,  236,  423 

Parish,  372 

Park,  27,  82, 180, 187,  258,  346 

Parker,  78,  94,  159,  169.  217,  243, 
346-7,  372 

Parmlee,  178,  347 

Parsons,  7,  92, 169,  210,  346,  411 

Parry,  403 

Passavant,  17 

Patrick,  422 

Patten,  422 

Patton,  243 

Pauchaud,  304 

Paul,  15 

Payne,  26,  311,  388 

Payson,  84.  292,  420 

Peabody,  14,  371 

Pearl,  242 

Pease,  423 

Peck.  189 

Peiroe,  Pierce,  42,  43, 190,  196,  347 

Pemberton,  236 


Penfield,  189 

Penballow,  206 

Pennv,  411 

Perkins,  26,  85,  243,  346 

Peron,  304 

Perrin,  94 

Perry,  95,  341,  373,  411 

Pettingill,  347 

Phelps,  94,  187,  243-4,  275,  374, 

422-3 
Phoenix,  172 
Philip,  286-7 
Phillips,  161,  203,  236 
Philp,  205 
Pitchard,  243 
Pickering,  58 
Pidgeon.  311 
Piere,  43 
Pierpont,  62,  206 
Pierson.  229,  423 
Pilate,  304 
Pilet.  304 
Pilgrims,   how  they  trained  their 

children,  198  ;  missionary  spirit 

of,  282  ;  revival  spirit  of,  404 
Pinkerton,  302 
Piriminer,  304 
Pitkin,  269,  387-9 
Pitman,  87 
Pixley,  229 

Plummer,  82,  293,  305 
Poinsot,  304 

Pond,  93,  96, 186,  339,  346 
Pope,  369 
Pochet,  303 
Portage  Co.,  0.,  Churches  in,  269, 

386 
Porter,  188,  236,  342,  351.   354r-5, 

362,  373,  377-9,  412,  416 
Portraits  ;  opposite  title,  161,  245, 

351 
Powell,  402 
Poy,  303 
Pozzy,  303 

Pratt,  238-9, 243,  346,  413 
Preaching  by  steam,  215 
Prentiss,  Prentice,  6,  7,  9, 185,  210 
Presbyterians,    statistics    of,    220, 

308,  410 
Pressense,  303 
Price,  Pryse,  402-3 
Prince,  95,  202,  210,  405-6 
Pritchard,  37,  402 
Prosper,  16 
Prudden,  35 
Punohard,  61,  77,  231 
Punderson,  354 
Purviance.  305 
Putnam,  209,  243,  377-8,  411 
Pyer,  302 
Quincy,  206 
Quint,  title,  53,  97, 159,  203,  220, 

361.  409 
Eaikes,  366 
Bandolph,  43 
Rankin,  96 
Kawlinson,  235 
llawson,  184 
Ray,  243 
Raymond,  379 
Reed,  Head,  6,  302 
Rees,  402 
Religious  Progress  of  the  past  year, 

72 
Reminiscences  of  Dr.  Nelson,  363 
Renshaw,  243,  411 
Revel,  205 

Revival  Spirit  of  the  Pilgrims,  404 
Reynold,  303 
Reynolds.  93,  209,  229 
Rice,  95,  183-4,  346-7,  368,  411,  420 
Rich,  94 

Richard  de  Bury,  16 
Richards,  368,  403 
Richardson.  94,  95,  242,  346-7,  423 
Richmond,  347 


Index. 


429 


Riddel,  Riddle,  420, 423 

Ritchie.  159 

Robbins.  296,  368,  414-16 

Robert,  303 

Robert  ot  Lincoln,  16 

Roberts,  401-3 

Robie,  94 

Robinson.  77,  95,  96,  198, 199,  200, 
289,  293,  295-6,  376 

Rockwell,  289,293 

Rockwoi.ii,  94 

Rogers,  14,  186 

Komaine.  234 

Rood,  229 

Root,  187,  243,  346 

Rose,  26,  27 

Ross,  305 

Rougft,  303 

Rowland,  289-91,402,  411 

Roy,  422 

RuazH,  304 

Ruffet,  304 

Kuggles,  47, 192 

Rush,  45 

Russell,  1,  187 

RutUersford,  398 

Sallees.  304 

Salter,  159 

Saltonstall,  43 

Sampson.  179.  180,  235,  423 

Samuel,  95,  402 

Sanborn,  237 

Sancroft,  268 

Saunders,  196,  389 

Sargent,  Sargeant,  243,  288,  339, 
347 

Sawin,  422 

Sawyer,  250,  422 

Schelven,  304 

Scribner.  79,  337 

Scriver,  81 

Scotr,  267 

Scudder,  95 

Seabury,  37,  422 

Seagrave.  95 

Seaver,  423 

Seccombe,  159 

Seely,  423 

Seiss,  81 

Seminaries.  Congregational  Theo- 
logical, 186 

Severton.  205 

Sewall,  45,  95, 169.  202,  210 

Seward,  270-1 

Seymour.  389 

Sharp,  45,  46,  47,  270 

Shattuck,  95 

Shaw.  243,  306 

Shedd,  229,  338,  423 

Shbdlock,  303 

Sheldon,  162,  389 

Shepard,  Shepherd,  186.  204,  243, 
284-5,  363,  405,  417,  423 

Sherburne,  88 

Sherman,  206,  273 

Sherwiii,  159,  347 

Shipman,  243 

irtibleyras,  304 

Skelton,  203,  319 

Skinner,  178,  302 

Slavery,  how  abolished  in  Massa- 
chusetts, 42 

Small,  94 

Smith,  43,  79,  94.  179,  185-6,  194, 
196,  296,  303,  305,  338,  347,  364, 
411,  422 

Snell,  94,  369 

Snow,  185 

Societies.  Religious,  attached  to 
Churches,  329 

Somerset,  45 

Soule,  180,  182 

Southworth,  238 

Spalding.  291,348 

Spalter,  243 

Spear,  39 


Sprague,  180, 182,  278,  292,  311 

Spring,  365,  370-1 

Squier,  337 

Staats,  243 

Stanley,  293 

Staples.  26,  27 

Stati.^tics  :  American  Congregation- 
al, 97-158  ;  Baptist,  409-10  ;  For- 
eign Congregational,  302  ;  Ger- 
man Reformed,  222  ;  Lutheran, 
221;  Presbyterian,  220,  308, 
410 ;  Welsh,  401 

Stearns,  9,  61,  62,  63, 94,  243,  389 

Stedman.  27 

Steele,  414 

Stevens,  270,  376,  413 

Stevenson, 15 

Stewart,  Steward,  2,  242 

Stickney,  196 

Stiles,  55,  61, 173, 177,  204,  391-2 

Stoddard.  1(;2 

Stone,  94.  229,  305,  355,  369 

Storer,  211 

Storrs,  14,  27,  82,  95,  243,  329, 
338  9,  423 

Stoughton,  406 

Stowe,  95,  187,  340 

Stowell,  346 

Strong,  6,  95,  161-72,  243-4,  346, 
411 

Strowbridge,  243 

Stuart,  248,  a54,  373,  414-15 

Sturtevant,  189.  346,  423 

Summersbell,  305 

Summit  County,  0.,  Churches  iu, 
269,  386 

Sumner,  170 

SutcliCf.  302 

Swain,  150 

Swallow.  94 

Swift.  354.  363,  387 

Tabour,  88 

Taggard.  338 

Talbot,  92,  95 

Tappan,  256.  348 

Tapper,  205 

Tatlock,  95 

Tayl.r,  38-9,  94,  182,  234,245-65, 
337-8,  357,  423 

Tenney,  94,  159,  243,  346 

Terrey,  179-80 

Thatcher,  1.  6,243,347 

Tha.ver,  7,  9,  95,  243,  339 

Theological  Seminaries,  American 
Congregational,  186 

Thorn,  411 

Thomas,  34,  304,  401-3 

Thompson,  28,  33,  58,  62,  64,  82, 
188. 198,  243,  340,  347-8,  423 

Thorp,  2 

Thrall,  423 

Throckmorton,  36 

Thurston,  94 

Thwing,  243 

Tilton,  83,  339,  415 

Tingcomb.  205 

Tobacco  Chewer,  Confessions  of  a, 
49 

Tobey,  347 

Todd,  95,  243,  302 

Toller,  302 

Tolman,  94 

Tomkins,  303,  372 

Tomkioson,  369 

Torrey,  347,  388-9,  407 

Towle,  412 

Townsend,  346 

Tracy,  210,  287,  389 

Trask,  424 

Travers,  205 

Treat,  284,  Ml,  389 

Treis,  205 

Trumbull,  290 

Try  on.  47 

Tuat,  268 

Tuchin,  205 


Tuck  93 

Tucker,  87,  240,  347 

Tupper,  94,  283-4 

Turell,  211,  411 

Turner,  95,  235 

Tuttle,  185,  387 

Tyler,  81,  94-5,  229, 243, 338, 351-62, 

421 
Tvndale.  316 
Underbill,  94 
Underwood,  347 
Upham,  61,  77 
Van  Eedle,  304 
Van  Heuvel,  354 
Van  Renssellaer,  248 
Vaughn,  296 
Venn,  234 
Vermiel.  303 

Vermilye,  94,  95,  188,  346,  423 
Vesey,  36 
Vining,  179,  364 
Vose,  87,  184 
AVaddington,  96,  848 
Wadsworth,  184,  202,  206 
Waitt,  95,  243 
Waldron.  88 
Wales,  273 
Walker,  35,  159,  189,  344,  347,  411, 

416,  423 
Wallace,  93,  94 
Walley,  406 
Walter.  206,  305 
Ward,  43,  179,  243,  341-3,  369 
Wardlaw.  236 
Ware,  2,  345 
Wareham.  2,  203 
Warner,  412-13 
Warren,  81,  94,  159,  185,  414 
Washburn,  48,  95,  184,  224,  313, 

337,348,411 
Washington.  312 
Waterman.  183-4,  243 
WatUins,  196 
Watson,  5,  302,  367 
Watts,  3,  7,  366 
Weale,  205 
Webb,  202 
Webber,  93.  95 
Webster,  45,  82,  83,  97,  210,  242, 

352 
Weed,  195,  347 
Weeks,  181 
Welch  Churches  in  U.  S.,  Statistics 

of,  401 
Weld,  180-1,203,  283 
Wellman,  61 
Wells,  86.  95,  278,  347 
Wellsteed,  210 
Weston,  320 
Wetmore,  37 
Whately,  261 
Wheeler,  94,  95.  290,  347 
Wheelwright,  11 
Whipple,96, 184,  210,  389 
WTiite,  95.  159,  182,  205,  242-3,  421, 

423 
Whitefield,  26,  210,  374,  378 
Whitehorne,  205 
Whitgilt,  234 
Whiting,  95 

Whitmore.  183-4,  302,  347 
Whitney,  378 
Whiton,  344 

Whittlesey.  159,  242, 270 
Wickliffe,  315 
Wickson,  190 
Wigglesworth,  206 
Wilberforce,  2 
Wilcox,  346 
Wild,  304 
Wilder,  194, 229 
Wilkes,  159,  347 
Wilkins,  387 
Wilkinson,  27 
Willard,  94,  206 
WiUiams,  27,  43,  178-9,  203,  209, 


Index. 


211,  296,  302,  318,  322,  325,  339, 

387-8,  402-3 
WiUis,  297 
Willey.  422 
WUls,  205 
Wilson,  96, 159,  185, 198.  203.  220, 

231,  234-5,  283,  322,  325  6,  346 
Windham  Co.,   Ct.,  Cliurches   ia, 

25, 178,  289,  376 
Wingate,  210 
Winslow,  96,  284-7,  413 


Winthrop,  42,  203-4,  283,  296,  317-    Woodward,  183,  261 


19,  322.  325,  327 
Wise,  61,207,210,  244,  340 
Wisner,  373,  412 
Withington,  370 
Witteween,  304 
Wolcott,  93,  94 
Wood,  28,  95, 182,  243,  411 
Woodbridge.  206,  354 
Woodruff,  180.  389.  411 
Woods,  351,  373,  420 


Woodworth,  411 

Woolsey,  94,  188,  242 

Worcester,  6,  9,  242,  373,  420,  423 

Work,  180 

Wright,  184-5 

Yale,  196 

Young,  159,  261,  347 

Youngs,  34 

Zigeler,  304 


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Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

PLYMOUTH  COLLECTION  OF  HYMNS  AND  TUNES. 

THE  VERY  BEST  BOOK  FOR  CONGREGATIONAL  SINGING. 

PRICE,    Sl.i^5. 
TUc  TWEXTY-THllVB  EDITION  just  pab\isbed  by 

A.  S.  BARNES  &  BURR,  51  and  53  John  Street,  NEW  YORK. 


Notivilhi^iandinf/  several  new  Hijmn  and  Tune  Books  have  been  issued  since  the  publi- 
cation of  the  "  Plymouth  Collection,"  there  are  none  that  are  superior  to  this  excellent 
work,  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  designed. 

This  unrivaled  work  is  not  only  introduced  into  a  large  number  of  Congregational, 
CHURCHES,  but  is  adopted  by  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  and  Methodist  churches,  among 
•which  are  the  following  Avithin  a  very  few  weeks : 

First  Presbyterian  church,  Buffalo.     (Rev.  Dr.  Hickok.) 

First  Baptist  church,  Neiuark,  N.  J.     fRev.  Dr.  Fish.J 

South  Baptist  church,  Newark,  N.  J.     fRev.  E.  M.  Levy.) 

Methodist  Congregational  church,  Brooklyn.     (Rev.  Mr.  Baker.) 

Numerous  other  churches  are  introducing  and  turning  their  attention  to  this 
book,  which,  if  adopted,  will  not  fail  to  suit  in  all  respects. 

Pastors  and  Committees  will  please  examine  critically. 

The  following  are  a  few  letters  recently  received  from  clergymen  who  have  not  only 
examined  the  work,  but  have  introduced  it  into  their  churches  : 

From  Rev.  Dr.  Kitchel,  Detroit. 

We  have  recently,  after  much  deliberation,  adopted  the  Plymouth  Collection  in  our  church. 
We  liked  it  to  begin  with,  and  we  find  ourselves  loving  it  more  and  more.  It  has  given  us 
much  help  and  hopefulness  in  our  congregational  singing. 

H.  b.  KITCHEL, 

Pastor  1st  Cong,  church,  Detroit. 

From  Rev.  Dr.  Fish,  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Speaking  of  the  Baptist  edition  of  Plymouth  Collection,  he  says : 

I  regard  it  as  incomparably  the  best  collection  of  Hymns  and  Tunes  now  extant. 

A  special  excellence  of  this  collection,  in  comparison  with  other  collections,  is  this :  that  it 
has  in  it,  to  a  large  extent,  those  hymns  and  tunes  which  are  the  free  and  unrestrained  ex- 
pression of  the  quickened  and  glowing  heart.  These  outgushings  will  not  always  bear  the  test 
of  rigid  critisism  ;  but  they  are  possessed  of  those  "  beloved  faults  "  which  the  people  will  not 
let  ciie.  This  very  feature  will  do  much  to  bring  about  the  desirable  transfer  of  the  warm 
devotions  of  the  Prayer  Room  into  the  Sanctuary  service. 

Another  excellence  of  this  collection  is,  the  repetitio?i  of  old  and  familiar  tunes  ;  and  still 
another,  the  very  full  selection  of  revival  melodies.  Rejoicing  in  the  present  increasing 
interest  in  Congregational  Singing,  and  desirous  of  promoting  and  giving  a  right  direction  to 
that  interest,  I  take  great  pleasure  in  thus  commending  this  collection. 

Most  truly  yours,  etc.,  HENRY  C.  FISH, 

Pastor  1st  Baptist  church,  Newark,  N.  J. 

I  have  given  much  time  and  attention  to  the  examination  of  this  book,  and  can  most  cordially 
and  fully  concur  in  the  commendation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Fish.  I  feel  quite  sure  that  no  work  of  the 
kind  can  equal  it  in  adaptation  to  the  worship  of  Almighty  God.  The  fullness  of  its  contents, 
the  devotional  character  of  its  hymns,  and  the  sweetness  of  its  melodies,  meet  every  reciuire- 
ment  of  the  churches,  and  will  command  the  admiration  of  all  who  take  the  pains  to  exam- 
ine it.  Yours  truly,        EDGAR  M.  LEVY, 

Pastor  of  the  South  Baptist  church,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  May  19,  1859. 
Messes.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Buke: 

Gentlemen  : — My  church  has  been  using  the  Plymouth  Collection  of  hj-mns  for  one  year 
past,  and  we  prefer  it,  on  the  whole,  to  any  other  published,  and  we  are  especially  pleased  that, 
rejecting  the  poetical  tinkerings  of  most  of  our  compilers,  the  excellent  author  has  given  us 
the  privilege  of  praising  God  in  the  identical  words  which  our  youthful  ears  have  been  a<>e«s~ 
tomed  to,  and  which  our  memories  have  treasured  up. 

The  Grand  River  Association,  to  which  ray  church  belongs,  some  six  months  ago  appointed 
a  committee,  of  which  I  was  chairman,  to  examine  into  the  subject  of  hymnology,  with  a  view 
of  recommending  to  the  churches  of  that  Association  a  hymn-book  for  their  use.  We  exam- 
ined quite  a  variety,  and  among  them  the  Sabbath  Hymn-Book,  which  has  many  excellences. 
But  we  brought  in  a  unanimous  report  recommending  the  Plymouth  Collection,  which  has  ac- 
cordingly been  adopted  as  the  book  of  our  Association.  J.  ANDKIiSON, 

Congregational  ministers  Griiud  Ha\ea. 


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BIBLTOTnECA  SACRA  AND  BIBLICAL  REPOSI- 
TORY. E.  A.  Park  and  S.  H.  Taylor,  Editors. 
Published  at  Andover  on  the  first  of  January, 
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INDEX  TO  THE  BIBLIOTHECA  SACRA  AND  BIB- 
LICAL REPOSITORY,  volumes  I.  to  XIII.  (from 
1844  to  1856.)  Containing  an  Index  of  Subjects 
and  Authors,  a  Topical  Index,  and  a  list  of  Scrip- 
ture Texts.  Paper  covers,  1.75  ;  cloth,  2.00  ;  half 
goat,  2  50. 

BIBLICAL  REPOSITORY.  Eirst  series,  comprising 
the  twelve  volumes  from  the  commencement  of  the 
work  to  1838.  The  first  four  volumes  contain  each 
four  numbers  ;  the  succeeding  eight  volumes,  two 
numbers  each.    A  few  sets  only  remain. 

CALVIN    SOCIETY'S    PUBLICATIONS.      Calvin's 
Commentaries,  complete  In  45  vols.   8vo,   cloth, 
$50. 
Calvin's  Institutes.    Svols.  8vo.    $4.60. 

HENDERSON'S  MINOR  PROPHETS.  The  Book 
OF  THE  Twelve  Minor  Prophets.  Translated  from 
the  Original  Hebrew.  With  a  Commentary,  Criti- 
cal, Philological,  and  Exegetical.  By  E.  Hender- 
son, D.D.  AVith  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  the  Au- 
thor, by  E.  P.  Barrows,  Professor  in  Andover 
Theological  Seminary.     573  pp.  8vo.    3.00. 

COMMENTARY  ON  THE  EPISTLE  TO  THE  RO- 
MANS. By  Prof.  M.  Stuart.  Revised  by  Prof.  K. 
D.  C.  Robbins.     3d  ed.  544pp.  12mo.     $1.50. 

STUART'S  MISCELLANIES.  Contents— Letters  to 
Dr.  Channiug  on  the  Trinity  ;  Sermons  on  the 
Atonement  ;  Sacramental  Sermon  on  the  Lamb  of 
God;  Dedication  Sermon  ;  Real  Christianity  ;  Let- 
ter to  Dr.  Channing  on  Religious  Liberty  ;  Notes 
and  Postscripts. 

WORKS  OF  LEONARD  WOODS,  D.D.  Containing, 
Vols.  I.,  II.  and  III.,  Lectures;  Vol.  IV.,  Letters 
and  Essays  ;  Vol.  V.,  Essays  and  Sermons.  A  new 
edition,  on  superior  paper.    5  vols.     8vo.     10.00. 

CODEX  VATICANUS.  Novum  Testamentum  Grasce, 
ex  antiquissimo  Codice  A'aticano,  edidit  Angelus 
Maius,  S.  R.  E.,  Card.    8vo.    2.50. 

ST.  PAUL ;  Five  Discourses.  By  Adolphe  Monod. 
Translated  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Myers.    12mo.     75  cts. 

PUNCHARD'S  VIEW  OF  CONGREGATIONALISM : 
Its  Principles  and  Doctrines  ;  the  Testimony  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  in  its  Favor ;  its  Practice 
and  its  Advantages.  With  an  Introductory  Essay 
by  R.  S.  Storrs,  D.D.  Second  edition.  331pp. 
12mo.    38  cents. 

DISCOURSES  AND  ESSAYS.  By  Prof.  W.  G.  T. 
SHEDD.     271  pp.  12mo.     85  cents. 

LECTURES  UPON  THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  HIS- 
TORY. By  Prof.  W.  G.  T.  Shedd.  128  pp.  12mo. 
60  cents. 

OUTLINES  OF  A  SYSTEM.4.TIC  RHETORIC,  From 
the  German  of  Dr.  Francis  Theremin,  by  W.  G.  T. 
Shedd.  Third  and  Revised  Edition,  with  an  In- 
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AUBERLEN  ON  DANIEL  AND  THE  REVEL.VTION. 
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PHILOSOPHY  FROM  KANT  TO  HEGEL.  From 
the  German  of  Dr.  H.  M.  Chalybaeus.  With  an 
Introductory  Note  by  Sir  William  Hamilton.  1 
vol.    12mo.    SI  .25. 

DODERLEIN'S  HAND-BOOK  OF  L.4.T1N  SYN- 
ONYMES.  Translated  by  Rev.  II.  H.  Arnold,  B. 
A.,  with  an  introduction  by  S.  H.  Taylor,  LL.D. 
251pp.  16mo.     75  cents. 

POLITICAL  ECONOMY.  Designed  as  a  Text-Book 
for  Colleges.  By  John  Bascom.  Professor  in  Wil- 
liams College     366  pp.  12mo.    1.00 

ADDRESSES  OF  DRS.  STURTEVANT  AND 
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VIEW  OF  ANDOVER.  A  finely-executed  Litho- 
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THEOLOQIA  GERMANICA.  Which  setteth  forth 
many  fair  lineaments  of  Divine  Truth,  and  saith 
very  lofty  and  lovely  things  touching  a  Perfect 
Life.  Edited  by  Dr.  Pfeifer,  from  the  only  complete 
manuscript  yet  known.  Translated  from  the  Ger- 
man by  Susan  Winkworth.  With  a  Preface  by  the 
Rev.  Charles  Kingsley,  Rector  of  Eversely  :  and  a 
Letter  to  the  Translator,  by  the  Chevalier  Bunsen, 
D.D.,  D.C.L.,  etc.;  and  an  Introduction  by  Prof. 
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GUERICKE'S  CHURCH  HISTORY.  Translated  by 
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logical Sem.    438  pp.  8vo.    2  25. 

RUSSELL'S  PULPIT  ELOCUTION ,  Comprising  re- 
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Selection  of  Exercises  in  Reading  and  Speaking. 
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Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk.  Second  edition.  413  pp.  12mo. 
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JAHN'S  BIBLICAL  ARCH.^OLOGY.  Translated, 
with  Additions,  by  Prof.  Thomas  C.  Upham.  573 
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VENEMA'S  INSTITUTES  OF  THEOLOGY.  Trans- 
lated by  Rev.  A.  W.  Brown,  Edinburgh.  532  pp. 
8vo.    Fine  edition.    1.75. 

WOODS  ON  INFANT  BAPTISM.  Second  edition. 
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GURNEY  ON  THE  SABBATH.  With  an  introduc- 
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A  MEMORIAL  OF  THE  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  CEL- 
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8vo.    75  cents. 

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STUART'S  COMMENTARY  ON  ECCLESIASTES. 
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LATE    EDUCATIONAIj    TESTIMONY. 

"Worthy  of  the  proud  place  it  occupies  as  the  groat  standard  dictionary  of  our  good  English  language. 
I  say  standard,  for  while  a  few  scholars  and  others,  here  and  there,  prefer  other  dictionaries,  Wehster's 
is  heyond  dispute  the  book  of  the  people,  tlie  common  standard  of  appeal  among  the  great  masses, 
learned  and  unlearned  of  our  land — Hon  J.  M.  Gregory,  Sup.  Pub.  Iiis.,  Mich..,  June,  1853. 

"It  is  a  noble  work,  and  does  you  infinite  credit." — Hon.  L.  C.  Draper,  State  Supl.,  Wisconsin. 

"  More  than  ever  is  the  book  a  necessary  article  in  the  school-house,  and  in  the  family  where  learn- 
ing and  literature  have  a  place.  *  *  We  had  the  curiosity  to  examine  with  a  magnifier  some  of 
these  engravings,  and  compared  thera  with  steel  engravings  in  bank  notes,  and  found  the  illustrations 
often  equally  good,  sometimes  superior.  None  but  a  teacher,  or  an  intelligent  parent,  can  estimate  how 
valuable  these  eighty  pages  of  illustrations  are.  The  placing  all  theiUustrations  in  a  separate  part  of  the 
volume  has  allowed  the  printing  of  them  to  be  executed  ia  much  better  style  than  if  they  had  been  in- 
corporated in  the  text." — Illinois  Teacher,  August,  1859. 

In  Definitions  Webster  is  unrivaled.  Webster's  Etimiologii  is  admirable.  Nearly  all  American  news- 
papers and  books  spell  according  to  Webster.  To  dethrone  Webster  from  the  affections  of  the  American 
people  would  be  a  greater  revolution  than  has  been  witnessed  since  the  Crusades. — Cor.  Mich.  Journal  of 
Education,  August,  1859. 

The  value  of  the  dictionary  is  materially  increased  by  the  additions,  and  we  do  not  ^e  how  it  can  be 
improved  in  any  respect.  The  acknowledged  standard  in  our  State ;  the  thanks  of  the  public  are  due 
the  enterprising  publishers  for  their  unremitting  exertions  in  keeping  the  work  fully  up  to  the  progress 
of  our  language Wis.  Jour.  Education,  August,  1859. 

In  our  daily  teaching  we  have  had  upon  our  table  the  new  edition  of  Webster  and  hav:^  subjected  it  to 
constant  test.  *  *  Each  feature  is  really  important.  *  •  Not  a  word  is  necess.ary  con- 
cerning the  ■maimer  of  Webster's  Unabridged  Dictionary,  it  is  Webster — Ho  Megistos.  The  Table  of 
Si/non'jms  is  of  almost  inestimable  value.  A  case  occurred  the  other  day  in  our  school.  *  *  The 
Pictorial  Illustrationa  are  henceforth  a  sine  qua  non  for  every  large  dictionary.  *  *  By  having 
them  separate  like  most  Encyclopedias,  all  illustrations  of  Architecture,  Heraldry,  Botany  or  of  Me- 
chanics, can  be  brought  together.  *  *  The  best  Lexicon  of  the  English  Language,  ever  issued 
from  the  Press. — R.  1.  Schoolmaster,  July,  1859. 

In  all  respects  a  book  of  unsurpassed  worth. — Conn.  Com.  School  Journal,  August,  1859. 

We  consider  that  the  additions  have  more  than  doubled  the  value  of  the  work  for  ordinary  use. — Ind. 
School  Journal,  Augiist,  1859. 

That  this  will  be  the  most  valuable  edition  of  any  Dictionary  in  the  English  language  no  one  can  for  a 
moment  doubt. — Iowa  School  Journal,  Julij,  1859. 

The  illustrations  are  finely  cut  and  printed,  and  form  a  novel  and  valuable  feature. — Ala..  Educational 
Journal,  August,  1859. 

We  may  safely  Say,  that  Webster^s  Dictionary,  Pictorial  Edition,  Unabridged,  is  the  most  complete 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language  that  we  have  ever  seen.  In  the  completeness  of  its  vocahuhiry  of 
our  language,  and  in  the  accuracy  and  fullness  of  its  definitions,  Webster's  Dictionary  stands  pre- 
eminent ;  and  in  orthography  it  is  followed  by  a  majority  of  American  writers,  so  far  as  our  observation 
extends. — North  Carolina  Journal  of  Education,  August,  1859. 

It  has  retained  all  the  good  of  its  predecessors,  and  has  added  new  and  valuable  improvements.  •  * 
Hon.  Horace  Mann  has  said :  "  It  is  the  best  defining  Dictionary  in  the  English  Language,"  and  emi- 
nent scholars  and  orators,  like  Daniel  Webster,  Wm.'H.  Prescott,  and  others  have  declared  themselves 
decidedly  in  favor  of  the  accuracy  and  extent  of  its  definitions.  »  *  In  this  respect,  {pronunciation) 
Webster's  works  appear  to  us  at  least  as  good  and  authoritative  as  any  wo  have  seen.  *  *  These 
alterations  (orthography)  appear  to  us  not  only  reasonable,  but  also  popular,  when  we  are  told  that  ten 
million  of  school'books'are  annually  published  in  the  Uuited  States,  compiled  by  authors  who  recognize 
Webster  as  their  standard  of  orthography.  *  *  Too  high  praise  can  not  be  bestow<d  on  the 
execution  of  the  loood  cuts.  To  present  these  cuts  all  by  themselves  is  an  advantage,  because  they  could 
thus  be  printed  on  better  paper,  and  be  easier  and  to  greater  advantage  classified  under  distinct 
heads,  *  *  ^  Table  of  Sytionyms,  by  Prof.  Goodrich,  occupying  seventy  quarto  pages,  and 
containing  over  2000  words,  the  meaning  and  use  of  which  are  shown  more  clearly  and  minutely  than 
in  any  other  work  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  •  *  *  No  unimportant  and  arbitrary  com- 
])Ounds  have  been  admitted  in  the  appendix  of  this  edition.  »•«♦•*• 
That  a  volume  like  this,  of  1750  quarto  pages,  handsomelv  got  up,  profusely  illustrated,  alike  substantial 
and  attractive,  and  embodying  an  amount  "of  literary  labor  found  in  few  other  works,  can  be  purchased 
as  low  as  this  is,  is  one  of  the  marvels  of  modern  skill  and  enterprise. — Mass.  Teacher,  SejH.,  1359. 


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ALFOHB'S   GREEK   TESTAMENT. 

The  Greek  Testament :  with  a  Critically-Revised  Text;  a  Digest  of  various  Readings  ;  Mar- 
ginal References  to  Verbal  and  Idiomatic  Usage ;  Prolegomena  ;  and  a  Critical  and  Exe- 
getical  Commentary.  For  the  Use  of  Theological  Students  and  Ministers.  By  Henry 
Alford,  B.D.,  Minister  of  Quebec  Chapel,  London,  and  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.  Vol.  I.,  containing  the  Four  Gospels.  944  pages,  8vo,  Muslin,  $5.00 ;  Sheep 
extra,  $5.50  ;  Half  Calf  extra,  $6.00. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

From  the  Neiv  York  Independent.  From  the  Rev.  C.  E.  Stowe,  D.D.,  Andover  Theologi- 

The  following  are  the  principal  features  of  this  cal  Seminary. 

work  :  The  preparation  for  the  American  public  of  so  val- 

1.  The  Greek   text  revised  according  to  the  best      uable  a  work  at  so  cheap  a  rate  is  a  real  benefaction 

to  the  cause  of  Biblical  learning.  The  book  is  beau- 
tifully got  up  and  offered  astonishingly  cheap.  For 
stimulating,  directing,  and  pushing  ahead  in  the 
right  direction,  the  independent  student  of  the  Greek 
Testament,  it  has  no  equal  in  our  language. 
Fro'm  the  Kev.  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  Prof .  of  Bib. 
Lit.  in  Chicago  Theol.  Seminary. 

The  Scholars  of  this  country  owe  you  their  thanks 
for  your  beautiful  reprint  of  this  admirable  commen- 
tary. Knowing  none  which  combines  so  many  desi- 
rable qualities  for  the  Biblical  student,  I  shall  do 
what  I  can  for  its  circulation. 
From  Rev.  Josiah  W.  Gibbs,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  the 

Faculty  and  Professor  of  Sacred  Literature,  Yale 

College  Seminary,  New  Haven. 

The  English  edition  of  Alford  has  been  used  by  my 
classes.  1  think  very  highly  of  the  work.  Now  that 
it  is  made  more  accessible  to  the  American  public,  it 
will  be  used  more  freely,  and  I  shall  not  fail  to  recom- 
mend it  to  my  pupils.  The  enterprising  publishers 
have  performed  a  good  service  for  the  cause  of  Bibli- 
cal learning  in  our  country. 
From  the  Rev.  W.  Henrt  Green,  D.D.,  Professor  of 

Biblical  Literature,  Princeton  TJieol.  Seminary. 

I  am  much  rejoiced  to  see  a  work  of  such  learning 
and  value  appear  in  an  American  edition.  *  *  It  is  a 
valuable  and  timely  addition  to  our  exegetical  and 
critical  literature. 

From  Rev.  D.  Talcott  Smith,  D.D.,   Prof.   Sacred 
Literature,  Bangor  Theol.  Seminary. 

The  commentary  of  Alford  needs  no  recommenda- 
tion. The  accuracy  of  the  American  reprint  is  a 
perfect  marvel. 

From  Rev.  George  Siiepard,  D.D.,  Prof.  Rhetoric, 
Bangor  Theol.  Seminary. 

I  think  with  Professor  Smith  that  recommending 
Alford's  Greek  Testament  is  a  superlluous  work.  All 
ministers  and  Biblical  students  must  thank  you  for 
bringing  such  a  treasure  within  their  reach.  The 
vast  scholarship  which  marks  it,  the  various  services 
it  renders  in  every  critical  inquirj'  in  judging  of  the 
text  and  in  developing  its  meaning ;  the  terse  and 
suggestive  character  of  its  exegesis  ;  the  beauty  of  the 
reprint,  placing  it  on  full  equality  with  the  English 
edition,  together  making  this  a  rare  acquisition  to  the 
material  of  Biblical  investigation. 

From  Rev.  Nicholas  Murray,  D.D.,  Author  of 
"  Kirwan's  Letters  to  Bishop  Hughes,'''  ifc. 
Indispensable  to  miuisteis  and  theolog'ical  stu- 
dents. It  differs  from  Bloomfield  as  a  shallow  sound 
differs  from  the  deep  sea  ;  as  a  history  of  England, 
designed  for  schools,  differs  from  the  noble  and  clas- 
sical history  of  Hume.  ♦  *  The  present  of  a  good 
Biblical  apparatus  to  a  young  minister  on  his  settle- 
ment, by  his  people,  would  be  a  great  good  to  him 
and  a  great  blessing  to  themselves.  And  among  the 
first  volumes  of  such  a  work  we  would  place  Alford's 
Greek  Testament. 


manuscript  authorities,  under  the  light  of  modern 
criticism.  Every  theological  student  should  know 
what  has  been  done  or  attempted  in  this  department, 
even  if  he  does  not  accept  the  results  of  any  one 
scholar. 

2.  A  digest  of  various  readings,  with  references 
which  enable  the  reader  to  judge  of  their  relative 
authority.  This  is  arranged  on  each  page  directly 
under  the  text. 

3.  Marginal  references,  not  to  the  subject-matter  of 
the  text,  but  to  verbal  and  idiomatic  usage.  These 
are  of  great  importance. 

4.  A  brief  commentary,  which  is  both  critical,  i.  e., 
developing  the  grammatical  structure,  and  exegetical, 
unfolding  the  meaning  of  the  text.  In  this  latter, 
Alford  is  quite  felicitous.  His  terse  and  lucid  render- 
ings will  sometimes  suggest  a  sermon  from  a  new  point 
of  view. 

'We  offer  these  remarks  after  an  almost  daily  use  of 
Alford,  for  years,  in  the  critical  study  of  the  New 
Testament.  Any  student  who  knows  hoiv  to  use  criti- 
cal helps  may  profit  by  this  thorough  and  scholarly 
work. 
From  the  Rev.  V.  R.  Hotchkiss,  D.D.,  Professor  of 

Biblical  Literature,  Rochester  Theol.  Seminary. 

The  most  valuable  work,  for  the  purpose  of  the 
critical  study  of  the  New  Testament,  accessible  to  the 
English  student.  Indeed  1  know  of  no  single  author, 
in  any  language,  whom  I  would  so  heartily  commend. 
From  the  Rev.  Samuel  H.  Turner,  D.D.,  General 
Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y. 

I  shall  take  suitable  opportunities  of  recommend- 
ing its  use  to  theological  students,  ami  hope  that  it 
will  meet  with  such  sale  as  fitly  to  reimbur.se  its  most 
enterprising  publishers. 

From  the  Rev.  Wm.  Blackwood,  D.D.,  Philadelphia. 
It  is  truly  a  magnificent  work,  displaying  great 
judgment  combined  with  f  rofound  and  accurate 
scholarship.  I  have  been  watching  its  appearance 
with  much  interest.  *  *  The  publication  of  such  a 
work  by  your  house  is  in  reality  the  conferring  of  a 
national  blessing  on  the  land,  and  I  fondly  trust  that 
the  ministry  of  our  Church  and  the  scholars  of  our 
country  who  should  be  able  to  appreciate  such  an  in- 
estimable edition  of  the  sacred  text,  will  not  fail  to 
receive  it  with  becoming  gratitude. 

From  the  Rev.  M.  W.  Jacobcs,  D.D.,  'Western  Theo- 
logical Seminary. 
I  know  of  nothing  which  is  so  scholarly  and  satis- 
factory, on  the  whole,  for  the  use  of  the  critical  stu- 
dent. *  *  He  furnishes  a  far  more  extensive  and  val- 
uable apparatus  than  Bloomfield,  and  is  not  cursory 
and  transcendental  like  Olshausen. 

From  Rev.  John  Morgan,  Professor  of  Biblical  Lit- 
erature, Oberlin,  O. 
In  criticism  and  interpretation  it  is  far  superior  to 
Bloomfield  and  will  be  read  by  every  scholarly  Chris- 
tian with  much  greater  interest. 


Published  by  HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  Franklin  Square,  New  York. 

1^"  Sent  hy  Mail,  postage  paid ,  on  receipt  of  price. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiaer. 


The  importance  of  the  adoption  of  THE  BEST  Hymn  Book  ;  that  which  most 
fully  and  conveniently  meets  the  wants  of  Christian  worship,  must  be  evident  to  every 
one  who  reflects  that,  excepting  the  inspired  Volume,  it  is  the  only  book  used  in  the 
services  of  the  sanctuary ;  that  it  is  used  in  every  service,  and  that  it  provides  the  for- 
mula for  so  large  a  portion  of  Christian  worship  and  culture.  Certainly  the  Hymn 
Book  exercises  vast  influence  in  the  formation  and  development  of  Christian  charac- 
ter.    The  publishers  respectfully  invite  attention  to 

THE    SABBATH    HYMN    BOOK, 

THE    SABBATH    TUNE    BOOK, 

THE   SABBATH   HYMN    AND   TUNE   BOOK, 

For  the  Service  of  Song  in  the  House  of  the  Lord, 

By  EDWARDS  A.  PARK,  D.D.,  AUSTIN  PHELPS,  D.D.,   and 
LO^\TLL  ISL^SON,  Doctor  of  Music. 

PiiWisIied  by  MASON  BROTHERS,  5  &  7  Mercer  St.  IVew  York. 

This  series  is  now  complete,  and  the  various  editions  of  each  book  afibrd  facilities 
on  the  one  hand  to  those  who  find  it  necessary  to  consult  economy,  and  on  the  other  to 
those  who  desire  large,  clear  print  and  elegant  bindings.  The  Hymn  Book  is  fur- 
nished, at  retail,  at  prices  varying  from  h^\  cents  to  $4.50  each ;  The  Hymn  and 
Tune  Book  at  from  80  cents  to  S4.50  each.  Each  book  in  the  series  is  complete  in 
itself.  The  Hymn  Book  is  adapted  to  choir  or  congregational  singing,  and  may  be 
used  in  connection  with  any  tune  book.  The  Tune  Book  may  be  used  with  any  hymn 
book. 

THE     S.A-BB-A.TI3:     H'S'nVEl^    BOOK!. 

Some  of  its  characteristics  are  : — 

1.  Its  richness  in  both  old  and  new  material,  and  freedom  from  hymns  which  are 
deficient  in  merit.  Containing,  as  it  does,  twelve  hundred  and  ninety  hymns,  there  is 
room  for  all  the  old  hymns  which  have  become  endeared  to  Christians,  and  the  intro- 
duction of  very  many  new  ones,  which  have  been  culled  with  indefatigable  labor  and 
care,  by  its  eminent  editors,  from  the  extraordinary  abundance  of  material  at  their  dis- 
posal. That  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  make  a  really  satisfactory  book ;  one 
which  would  furnish  hymns  for  all  occasions  and  satisfy  all  tastes  which  ought  to  be 
gratified,  in  the  use  of  a  less  number  of  hymns,  is  strikingly  shown  by  the  following 
circumstance :  Eight  prominent  clergymen  recently  examined  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book  separately,  going  over  it,  hymn  by  hymn,  each  one  indicating  such  hymns  as  he 
would  omit  in  making  a  book  less  than  half  the  size  of  this.  Upon  comparing  their 
■work,  subsequently,  it  was  found  that  of  the  1290  hymns  in  the  volume,  there  were 
hut  ffli/-fve  which  all  agreed  might  be  spared,  even  from  a  book  which  must  be  limit, 
ed  to  600  hymns.  This  is  most  remarkable  testimony  to  the  value  of  all  the  hymns  in 
the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  ;  to  its  freedom  from  poor  hymns  ;  for  it  is  fair  to  infer  that 
if  they  had  gone  over  it  with  reference  to  making  a  book  of  seven  or  ei"bt  hundred 
hymns,  there  would  have  been  no  hymns  which  all  would  have  agreed  could  be  omit- 
ted. 

(Adv.)  B 


Congregational  Quarterly  Adimiiser. 

2.  Its  logical  and  convenient  arrangement,  by  which  the  book  is  rendered  symmetri- 
cal as  a  whole  ;  the  hymns  under  each  subject  coming  in  their  natural  and  logical  order. 
Beside  the  great  convenience  in  the  use  of  the  book  which  is  thus  secured,  the  most 
important  object  is  attained  of  furnishing,  indirectly,  an  admirable  summary  of  Chris- 
tian doctrine. 

3.  The  proportion  of  its  contents.  It  has  been  frequently  noticed  as  a  merit  of  this 
work,  that  it  presents  not  only  hymns  upon  all  the  topics  of  Christian  faith  and  various 
phases  of  Christian  experience,  but  that  it  contains  the  proper  proportion  of  hymns 
upon  each  theme  —  those  upon  which  the  Christian  most  delights  to  dwell,  and  which 
are  best  adapted  to  song,  being  most  fully  and  frequently  presented. 

4.  The  copiousness,  variety  and  minuteness  of  its  indexes.  In  this  feature  the  book 
is  believed  to  have  an  excellence  peculiar  to  itself  By  accurate  analysis  and  com- 
prehensive, perspicuous  arrangement,  a  clear  and  complete  view  is  given  of  all  the  sub- 
jects of  Christian  song,  aflbrding  invaluable  assistance  not  only  to  clergymen  in  the 
selection  of  hymns,  but  the  means  of  ready  reference  to  every  worshiper  or  pri- 
vate reader.     On  this  point  the  book  has  won  unqualified  and  enthusiastic  praise. 

THE     SABBATH     HYMN     AND    TUNE     BOOK. 

The  edition  with  tunes  will  be  found  interesting  and  valuable  to  choirs,  but  is  in- 
tended as  an  aid  to  congregations,  and  for»social  and  private  use.  In  all  cases  the 
hymns  have  opposite  them  one,  and  generally  two  suitable  tunes.  In  the  latter  case, 
one  is  commonly  an  old,  well-known  tune,  and  the  other  a  new  one,  or  one  less  known. 
The  plan  adopted  to  ascertain  what  old  tunes  were  really  wanted  in  such  a  book,  (de- 
scribed in  the  preface)  and  the  facilities  of  the  editors  and  publishers  for  obtaining  the 
right  to  use  all  such  tunes  —  many  of  which  are  copyright  property  —  have  secured  a 
very  full  and  complete  collection.  The  most  useful  of  these  old  tunes  are  repeated 
several  times  in  the  book,  and  are  thus  in  connection  with  a  large  number  of  hymns, 
The  new  tunes  are  popular  in  character,  and  such  as  are  easily  sung  and  remembered. 
The  musical  department  of  this  work  embodies  the  great  experience  of  at  least  one  of 
its  editors,  in  regard  to  Congregational  singing.  The  adaptation  of  tunes  to  hymns, 
we  believe  to  be  one  of  the  striking  excellences  of  this  volume ;  the  object  being,  in 
all  cases,  the  best  religious  expression  of  the  words. 

THE  SABBATH  HYMN  BOOK. 

Sixteenmo  Edition,  containing  962  pages,  with  very  large  type,  including  the 
following  indexes  : — Classification  of  hymns ;  Alphabetical  Index  of  Subjects  ;  Index 
of  Subjects  of  Selections  for  Chanting;  Index  of  Scriptural  Passages  ;  Index  of  First 
Lines  of  Hymns ;  Index  of  First  Lines  of  Stanzas,  and  Index  of  Authors  ;  printed 
on  superfine  paper,  in  various  styles  of  binding,  as  follows : 


Turkey  Mor.,  limp S2  ,50 

"       full  gilt 2  7.5 

"  "       anticiuc 3  00 

"  "       full  gilt,  beveled 3  00 


Sheep $1  00 

Roan 110 

Morocco,  marbled  edges 1  25 

Morocco,  gilt  edges 1  75 

Turkey  Mor.,  gilt,  or  red  edges.  ...   2  50 

Small  Quarto  Edition,  Brevier  type  (being  as  large  as  that  used  in  the  18mo 
edition  of  "  Watts'  and  Select"),  double  columns,  336  pages,  omitting  the  Indexes, 
excepting  the  Index  of  First  Lines  of  Hymns,  and  Index  of  Authors ;  printed  on 
superfine  paper.    A  very  neat  and  attractive  edition  ;  in  various  bindings,  as  follows: 

Cloth  extra 56}  I  Morocco,  marbled  edges 70 

Full  Sheep 62^  | 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


Duodecimo  Edition,  containing  the  same  matter  as  the  IGmo  edition,  but  print- 
ed on  extra  superfine  paper,  with  loide  margins,  bound  in  various  elegant  styles,  tor 
the  pulpit,  presentation  copies,  etc.,  as  tbllows : 


Ex.  Cloth,  burnished  red  edj^es $1  75 

Turkey  Mor.,  j-ed  or  gilt  edges 3  50 

"  ''      limp 3  50 


Turkey  Mor.,  full  gilt 4  00 

"          "      antique  ....••■•....   4  50 
"  "      full  gilt,  beveled 4  50 


THE  SABBxVTH  HYMN  AND  TUNE  BOOK. 
Octavo  Editiox,  with  large,  plain  type.     512  pages. 


Cloth  extra $1  25 

Roan,  embossed 1  40 

Imitation  Mor.,  marbled  edges 1  60 

Turkey  Mor.,  red,  or  gilt  edges.  ...    3  50 


Turkey  Mor.,  limp 3  50 

"   "       "      full  gilt 4  00 

"  "       antique 4  50 

"  "      full  gilt,  beveled 4  50 


THE  SABBATH  TUNE  BOOK. 

Flexible  embossed  cloth   50 

XESTiivioisr'^r- 

From  the  mass  of  testimony  to  the  great  excellence  of  the  Sabbath  Hy.mx  Book, 
and  Hymx  axd  Tune  Book  in  their  possession,  the  publishers  make  the  following 
brief  extracts.  Pamphlets,  containing  most  of  these  testimonials  in  full,  will  be  sent 
to  any  one  desiring  them.  ^ 


"We  have  spent  some  very  pleasant 
hours  in  its  examination,  and  are  sure  tliat 
in  aiming  so  high,  they  have  come  as  near 
the  mark  as  possible." —  Aberdeen  Herald, 
Scotland, 

"  Our  best  collection  of  hymns." —  Rev. 
Geo.  M.  Adams,  Conivaij,  Mass. 

"I  do  not  believe  there  is  its  superior  or 
its  equal  in  the  English  language,  or  any 
other." — Geo.  E.  Adams,  D.I).,  Bruns- 
tcick,  Me. 

"I  regard  the  Sab.  Hymn  Book  as  de- 
cidedly the  best  of  all  the  collections  with 
which  I  am  acquainted." —  Silas  Aikex, 
D.D.,  Rutland,  T7. 

"  This  examination  and  use  thus  far 
have  impressed  me  with  the  conviction, 
that  '  for  the  service  of  song  in  the  house  of 
the  Lord,'  it  (Sab.  Hymn  and  Tune  Book) 
is,  in  many  respects,  far  better  adapted 
than  any  similar  work  with  which  I  am 
acquainted." — Johx  A.  Aleeo,  D.D., 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

' '  The  more  I  examine  the  work  the  bet- 
ter I  like  it." —  Rev.  J.  Aldhich,  Worces- 
ter, Mass. 

"I  have  examined  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book  with  very  great  satisfaction,  and  do 
not  hesitate  to  say  that  it  realizes,  more 
nearly  than  any  work  with  which  I  am 
acquainted,  my  idea  of  what  such  a  work 
should  be." — ^Rev.  Pkof.  Allen,  Lane 
Sem. 

"  We  do  not  hesitate  to  predict  that  the 
introduction  of  tliis  book  (Hymn  and  Tune 
Book)  into  our  congregations  would  con- 
stitute an  era  in  the  '  service  of  song  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord.'  " — Am.  T/teo.  Review. 


"  Since  receiving  a  copy  of  the  Sabbath 
Hymn  Book,  I  have  kept  it  by  me  for  de- 
votional reading.  I  have  not  examined  it 
as  a  critic.  My  method,  however,  is  the 
best  one  for  testing  its  value  as  a  book  of 
religious  experience.  Its  Ghristology  is 
admirable." — Rufus  Anderson,  D.D., 
Boston,   Mass. 

"Wherever  my  opinion  would  have  an 
influence,  I  shall  certainly  advise  churches 
to  adopt  the  work  (Hymn  and  Tune  Book) 
for  the  sanctuary." — Rev.  Prof.  E.  B. 
Andreavs,  Marietta  College. 

' '  No  other  compilation  with  which  I  am 
acquainted  comes  so  near  to  my  idea  of 
what  a  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  shovdd  be. 
As  a  book  of  private  devotion,  I  regard  it 
as  next  to  the  sacred  oracles." — Rev.  H. 
P.  Arms,  Norwich,  Ct. 

"In  my  judgment  it  (Hymn  and  Tune 
Book)  embodies  excellences  that  place  it 
above  any  other  work  of  the  sort  with 
which  I  am  familiar." — Rev.  Chas.  W. 
Baird,   Yonkers,  N.  Y, 

"In  view  of  the  many  excellences  of 
this  book,  I  would  most  heartily  recom- 
mend it  to  the  Churches  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  with  the  hope  that  it  may  be  exten- 
sively adopted  in  the  service  of  the  sanctu- 
ary.—Rev.  E.  P.  Barrows,  Andovcr  Theo. 
Senmiary. 

' '  The  demands  of  devotional  feeling  and 
of  cultivated  taste,  and  the  exigencies  of 
public  worship  seem  to  have  been  most 
happily  regarded. — Rev.  Prof.  Bartlett, 
Chicago  Theo.  Sem. 

"The  hymns,  so  far  as  I  am  capable  of 
judging,    are   admirably   adapted    to     the 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


'  service  of  song  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.' 
— G.  W.  Elagden,  D.D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

"  I  believe  it  to  excel  all  other  works  of 
its  class  wliich  I  have  examined." —  Amos 
Blanchard,  D.D.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

"I  regard  it,  all  things  considered,  as 
decidedly  in  advance  of  any  other  book. 
'  for  the  service  of  song  in  the  house  of  the 
Lord '  which  has  yet  appeared." —  Rev,  T. 
E.  Bliss,  Blackstone,  Mass. 

"  The  work  cannot  fail  to  be  a  great 
blessing  to  those  worshijaing  assemblies 
that  may  be  able  to  adopt  it." —  Rev.  C. 
Blodgett,  Paiotuckct,  Mass. 

"I  am  free  to  say  that  they  (Sabbath 
Hymn  Book,  and  Hymn  and  Tune  Book) 
are,  on  the  whole,  beyond  all  question  in 
my  own  mind,  superior  to  any  other  books 
I  have  met  with  for  the  purpose  proposed." 

—  Rev.  Puof.  G.  D.  Boahdman,  Roches- 
ter Theo.  Sem. 

"The  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  seems  to  me 
superior  to  other  like  collections  in  the  va- 
riety, careful  selection,  and  skillful  ar- 
rangement of  its  hymns." — Prof.  Geo. 
N.  Boakdman,  Mlddlebury  College. 

"I  regard  it  as  possessing  excellences 
superior  to  any  other  work  of  the  kind 
within  my  knowledge." — Alvan  Bond, 
D.D.,  Norwich,  Ct. 

"We  are  not  sure  that  we  know  any 
volume  which  contains  so  large  a  portion 
of  known  and  standard  hymns,  or  in  which 
changes  have  been  admitted  so  sijaringly, 
or  made  so  wisely." — British  Quarterly 
Review. 

"  It  appears  to  me,  in  substantial  excel- 
lence, to  surpass  any  other  hymn-book 
with  which  I  am  acquainted." — Rev.  Prof. 
Brown,  Dartmouth  College. 

"A  body  of  sacred  poetry,  which,  for 
adaptation  to  devotional  purposes,  for  va- 
riety of  subject,  for  justness  of  taste  and 
general  excellence,  is  incomparable,  and 
abundantly  adeciuate  to  meet  the  wants  of 
the  ministry  and  churches." — Wm.  Ives 
BuDDiNGTON,  D.D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

"I  have  seen  no  hymn-book  which,  on 
all  accounts,  so  nearly  meets  my  wishes." 

—  Rev.  S.  Byington,  No.  Cambridge,  Mass. 
"  In  my  opinion,  incomparably  the  best 

we  have,  and  admirably  suited  to  the  devo- 
tions of  the  closet,  the  family  and  the  sanc- 
tuary."—  Rev.  Daniel  R.  Cady,  West 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

"You  can  have  no  better  testimonial  of 
my  contidence  in  the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book 
than  the  fact  that  I  have  joined  with  a 
committee  of  the  Church  in  my  charge  in 
selecting  and  recommending  it  for  use  in 
our  Sabbath  and  social  worship." —  S.  S. 
Caldwell,  D.D.,  Providence,  R,  I. 

"  Doctrinally  distinct,  and  at  the  same 
time  spiritually  elegant,  (there  is  a  sjjiritu- 


al  elegance)  it  has  commended  itself  to  our 
congregation  for  a  singidar  unanimity  of 
approval  and  adoption." — Rev.  Hugh  S. 
Carpenter,  Westminster  Presbgt.  Church, 
Brooklyn. 

'■  I  have  examined  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book  sutheiently  to  convince  me  that  it 
surpasses  anything  of  the  kind  that  has 
ever  appeared  in  our  country." — Rev.  Ja- 
cob Chapman,  Marshall,  III. 

"I  like  the  Sab.  Hymn  Book,  on  the 
whole,  better  than  any  other  I  have  seen." 
— Rev.  a.  H.  Clapp,  Providence,  R.  I. 

"It  is  beyond  anything  I  have  yet  seen." 
— Rev.  F.  G.  Clark,  Twenty-third  sl.  Pres. 
Church,  N.  Y. 

"If  so  large  a  collection  is  desirable,  I 
do  not  see  how  a  better  could  be  made." — 
Rev.  Prof.  Clark,  Univ.  of  Vermont. 

' '  I  feel  free  to  say,  that  for  fullness  and 
variety,  for  refined  taste,  devotional  feel- 
ing, and  pure  Christian  sentiment,  it  is  the 
best  volume  of  sacred  lyrics  I  have  yet 
seen." — Prof.  Chas.  D.  Cleveland,  Phil- 
adelphia. 

"  From  further  acquaintance  and  from 
the  trial  of  it  (Hymn  and  Tune  Book)  in 
three  of  the  Congregational  churches  in  this 
city,  we  are  prepared  to  state  that  our  for- 
mer opinion  is  confirmed,  and  our  attach- 
ment for  the  Sabbath  Hymn  and  Tune 
Book  is  a  growing  one." — Cong.  Herald, 
Chicago,  III. 

"  The  Sabbath  Tune  Book,  which  I  find 
in  all  respects  excellent  and  praiseworthy, 
is  particularly  so  from  the  just  adaptation 
of  what  rhetoricians — not  musicians — call 
harmony,  the  adaptation,  of  the  sound, 
that  is  the  tune,  to  the  sense  or  words." — 
Prof.  Henry  Coppee,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

"  We  are  persuaded  that  on  candid  ex- 
amination, this,  their  work,  will  be  found 
to  combine  more  of  the  excellences  and 
less  of  the  defects  of  the  devotional  cle- 
ment of  song  for  the  sanctuary,  than  any 
other  collection  now  in  use." — Rev.  Oli- 
ver CuANE,  Waverly,  N.  Y. 

"  It  will  meet,  I  have  no  question,  the 
wants  of  Christian  feeling  to  the  full  ex- 
tent anticipated,  and  become  more  highly 
prized  the  more  it  is  used." — Puof.  (iko. 
E.  Day,  Lnne  Seminartj. 

"  I  prefer  it  to  any  other  hymn  book, 
and  shall  esteem  myself  very  hai)py  when 
it  is  introduced  into  my  own  congrega- 
tion."—  Rev.  L.  Dickehman,  (i'oucester, 
Mass. 

"  Of  all  excellent  hymn  books  I  prize 
this  most  highly." — Rev.  James  Duum- 
MONI),  Springfield,  Mass. 

"The  ministry  may  well  be  thankful  for 
so  valuable  an  aid  in  conducting  '  the  ser- 
vice of  song  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.*  " — 
Rev.  Prof.  Dcnn,  Providence,  R.  I. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


'•  I  should  regard  any  congregation  into 
whose  public  worship  the  Sab.  Hymn 
Book  is  introduced,  as  having  cause  for 
gratitude  and  thanksgiving  to  God  on  this 
account." — Hev.  E.  S.  Dwigut,  Amherst, 
Mass. 

"Its  tnily  devotional  spirit  is  a  uniform 
characi eristic.  Whether  using  it  in  the 
sanctuary,  in  the  social  meeting,  or  in  his 
private  hours,  the  Christian  will  receive 
abundant  refreshment." — Wm.  T.  Dwight, 
D.D.,  Portland,  Me. 

"  We  congratulate  the  American  church- 
es on  the  acqui:^ition  of  such  a  book,  and 
we  augur  from  it  a  speedy  disappearance  of 
much  that  now  disfigures  their  '  service  of 
song '  and  an  appi'oximation  to  the  purer, 
chaster,  and  more  reverent  psalmody  that 
the  last  few  years  have  happily  established 
among  ourselves." — Eclectic,  London. 

"  Whether  we  regard  its  thoroughly 
evangelical  character,  its  earnest  spiritual 
tone,  or  its  careful  adaptation  to  the  feel- 
ings and  needs  of  a  Christian  worshipping 
assembly,  it  is  alike  admirable,  *  *  Great- 
ly to  be  commended,  also,  is  its  preference 
for  old,  over  new  hymns,  and  its  adherence, 
in  almost  every  case,  to  the  common  forms, 
instead  of  admitting  those  frequent  and 
often  distressing  changes  to  which  editors, 
both  English  and  American,  have  been  too 
prone." — Evangelical  Magazine,  London. 

"  Certainlj^  no  hymn  book  which  I  have 
had  occasion  to  use  can  compare  with  this 
in  the  fullness  and  variety,  the  beauty  and 
richness  of  its  selections." — Kev.  Geo.  W. 
EiELD,  Boston,  Mass. 

"The  more  I  examine  the  Sab.  Ilymn 
Book,  the  better  I  am  pleased  with  it." — 
Rev.  Levi  A.  Field,  Marlboro,  Mass. 

"I  am  able  to  say  of  the  book,  as  a 
whole,  that  it  seems  to  me  to  be  the  most 
satisfactory  collection  of  hymns  now  be- 
fore the  public." — Rev.  D.  L.  Fvrher, 
Newton  Center,  Mass. 

"  I  confidently  believe  it  is  the  best  book 
of  the  kind  in  use." — Rev.  II.  M.  Guout, 
Putney,    Vt. 

"  So  far  as  I  can  judge  from  the  exam- 
ination which  I  have  given  it,  I  prefer  it  to 
all  others  with  which  I  am  acquainted." — 
Rev.  Pkof.  Harris,  Bangor  Theo.  Sem. 

"  I  believe  it  to  be  better  adapted  to 
'  the  service  of  song  in  the  house  of  the 
Lord '  than  any  other  book  ever  offered  to 
the  churches." — Rev.  T.  N.  Haskell,  E. 
Boston,   Mass. 

"It  is  truly  an  admirable  collection; 
copious  and  complete  in  its  range  of  sub- 
jects, choice  in  its  selection,  clear  and 
methodical  in  its  arrangement." — Rev. 
Prof.  Haven,  Chicago  Theo.  Sept. 

"Let  others,  if  they  please,  indulge  in 
verbal  criticism,  but  I  will  trv  to  feast  on 
(Adv.)  B* 


tho  richness  and  fatness  of  the  banquet 
you  have  provided." — Edward  Hitch- 
cock,   D.D.,  Amherst  College. 

"  The  features  which  I  like  best  in  the 
volume  are  the  variety  of  meters,  the  prom- 
inence of  ancient  and  mediieval  productions, 
but  especially  the  abundance  and  fervor  of 
the  Christological  hymns." — Rev.  Prof. 
Hitchcock,  Union  Theol.  Scm.,  N.  Y. 

"I  have  examined  with  considerable 
care,  and,  I  may  add,  with  much  satisfac- 
tion, the  Sab.  Hymn  Book.  It  bears  the 
marks  of  a  very  correct  taste  and  judg- 
ment."— Rev.  Jxo,  C.  Holbook,  Duhuqiie, 
loica. 

"The  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  appears  to 
me  to  be  tlie  fullest,  richest,  and,  on  the 
Avhole,  best  hymn  book  that  has  yet 
appeared." — Rev.  J.  'M.  Hoppin,  Salem, 
Mass. 

"In  a  word,  we  think  the  book  has  a 
large  Christian  heart,  and  that  therefore  it 
will  live." — Rev.  B.  F.  Hosford,  Haver- 
hill, Mass. 

"I  could  wish  that  this  collection  were 
introduced  into  all  our  cgngrcgations,  and 
even  into  the  hands  of  the  entire  member- 
ship of  our  churches.  It  would  inaugur- 
ate a  glorious  era  in  our  social  and  reli- 
gious service." — Rev.  Prof.  Hotchkiss, 
Rochester  Theo.  Sem. 

"It  is  the  best  book  of  the  kind  within 
my  knowledge."— Same.  C.  Jackson,  D.D., 
Boston,  Mass. 

"It  is  the  best  collection  of  sacred  lyrics 
I  have  ever  met  with." — John  Angell 
James,  D.D.,  Birmingham,  Engla7id. 

"I  think  no  competent  and  candid  judge 
can  examine  the  musical  department  of  the 
book  (Hymn  and  Tune  Book)  without  chs- 
covering  a  rare  variety  of  soul-inspiring 
melodies,  most  happily  combined  in  rich, 
simple,  yet  dignified  and  truly  church-like 
harmonies,  brought  within  the  reach  of  the 
people." — Rev.  D.  E.  Jones,  Columbus 
City,  Iowa. 

"  I  concur  fully  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Swain 
in  regard  to  the  Sab.  Hymn  Book." — John 
KiNGSBrRY,  LL.D.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

"  I  had  long  looked  for  it,  and  anticipated 
more  than  usual  excellence,  and  I  confess 
that  I  have  not  been  in  any  degree  disap- 
j^ointed." — Shepard  K.  Kollock,  D.D., 
Greenioich,  N.  Y. 

"  It  comes  nearer  perfection  than  any 
other  with  which  I  am  acquainted." — Rev. 
T.  Laurie,  W.  Roxhury,  Muss. 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  I 
prefer  it  to  any  other  collection  hitherto 
offered  to  the  public,  Avhether  as  a  compan- 
ion in  the  closet  and  a  help  to  private  edi- 
fication, or  for  the  service  of  song  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord." — Rev.  Geo.  B.  Lit- 
tle, W.  Newton,  Mass. 


Congregational  Qiiarierly  Advertiser. 


"  Hallowed  as  are  and  have  been  my  as- 
sociations with  *  *  *  *  fragrant  as 
it  is  with  memories  of  childhood  and  of 
early  religious  experience,  and  of  ministe- 
rial administration,  I  am  obliged  to  con- 
fess, that  for  the  purposes  of  Christian  use 
and  church  worship,  the  Sabbath  Hj'mn 
Book  is  decidedly  its  superior,  and,  of 
course,  incomparably  superior  to  anything 
else." — IIev.  Wm.  H.  Lord,  Montpelicr,  Vt. 

•'A  very  serviceable  help  for  the  im- 
provement of  hymnology,  and  probably 
the  best  collection  of  sacred  song  for  the 
worship  of  God  in  existence." — Rev.  Wm. 
De  Loss  Love,  Mihcaiikie,  Wis. 

"A  book  of  pre-eminent  excellence  and 
value,  and  Avere  it  in  general  use,  it  could 
not  fail  greatly  to  aid  the  devotions  of  the 
sanctuary." — Rev.  Erastus  Maltby, 
Taunton,  Mass. 

•'  The  more  I  examine  it,  I  am  the  more 
impressed  with  the  excellency  of  its  ar- 
rangement, its  broad  scope  of  subjects, 
and  the  rich  variety  and  fullness  of  its 
matter." — Rev.  J.  M.  Manning,  Boston, 
Mass. 

"  With  it  I  see  no  reason  why  we  may 
not  have  far  more  uniformity  throughout 
our  churches  than  at  present." — Rev.  E.  P. 
Marvin,  Medford,  Mass. 

"  It  is  emphatically  a  hymn  book  for  the 
USE  of  churches." — Rev.  Hiram  Mead,  S. 
Hadley,  Mass. 

"  Were  I  in  search  of  a  new  hymn  book, 
I  should  gladly  and  instantly  avail  myself 
of  this." — Rev.  James  H.  Means,  Dorches- 
ter, Mass. 

"It  seems  to  me  to  be  better  fitted  to 
meet  all  the  necessities  of  Christians  in 
public  worship  than  anything  in  the  lan- 
guage."— Rev.  Jno.  O.  Means,  Boxbury, 
Mass. 

"  I  welcome  with  unfeigned  delight  this 
contribution  to  '  the  service  of  song  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord.' " — Rev.  J.  B.  Miles, 
Charlcstoicn,  Mass, 

"To  say  that  the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book 
possesses  more  and  higher  excellences  than 
any  other  manual,  would  be  deemed  high 
praise,  but  it  would  not  do  the  book  full 
justice.  It  has  a  distinctive  character, 
which  fits  it,  as  no  other  book  of  hymns 
has  ever  been  fitted,  for  the  worship  of  the 
sanctuary." — Rev.  James  O.  Murray,  So. 
Danvers,  Mass. 

"I  should  be  glad  to  see  it  adopted  by 
all  the  churches  in  our  land." — Jno.  J. 
Owen,   D.D.,  New  York. 

"  I  cordially  express  my  approval  of  the 
work.  *  *  *  To  him  Avho  directs  the  ser- 
vices of  the  sanctuary,  it  affords  facilities 
far  beyond  any  other  with  which  I  am  ac- 
quainted."— Rev.  Prof.  Packard,  Botv- 
doin  College. 


"I  feel  entirely  satisfied  with  it,  I  should 
not  think  of  introducing  any  other." — Rea% 
James  M.  Palmer,  Rochester,  X.  II. 

"The  thing,  however,  which  I  value 
most  is  its  select  copiousness.  I  can  find 
what  I  want.  That  is  more  than  I  can  say 
of  any  other  hymn  book  I  have  examined." 
— Pres.  Calvin  Pease,  D.D.,  Univ.  of  Vt. 

"  The  gift  to  the  churches  of  a  volume 
so  full  of  true,  Christian  feciing  is  cause, 
in  my  judgment,  for  devout  gratitude  to 
God." — Rev.  A.  II.  Plumb,  Chelsea,  Mass. 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  commending  the 
book  to  Christian  families  and  congrega- 
tions."— Enoch  Pond,  D.D.,  Bangor  Theo. 
Sem. 

"  Far  superior  to  any  work  of  the  kind 
that  has  yet  made  its  appearance." — Han- 
del Pond,  Esq.,  Wrentham,  Mass. 

"  The  book  deserves,  and  will,  I  doubt 
not,  receive  distinguished  public  favor." — 
Rev.  Prof.  N.  Porter,  Yale  College. 

"While  presenting  as  few  defects  of 
either  kind  as  is  compatible  with  requisite 
completeness,  it  seems  to  me  to  present  rare, 
I  may  say  unparalleled,  merit  as  a  man- 
ual for  the  service  of  song  in  the  house  of 
the  Lord."— T.  M.  Post,  D.D.,  .SY.  Louis, 
Mo, 

I  concur  most  fully  and  heartily  in  the 
above    recommendation   of    Prof.    Brown, 

and  will  merely  express,  in  addition,  the 
hope  that  the  Sab.  Hymn  Book  may  be  as 
widely  and  generally  introduced  as  its  pe- 
culiar and  unequaled  excellences  deserve." 
— Rev.  Prof.  Putnam,  Dartmouth  College. 

"  A  careful  examination  of  the  Sabbath 
Hymn  Book  has  satisfied  me,  not  only  of 
its  great  superiority  over  all  other  hymn 
books  which  I  have  used,  but  of  its  inde- 
pendent fitness  for  the  worship  of  God." — 
Rev.  a.  II.  Quint,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 

"  I  must  now  be  permitted  to  sa)',  after 
further  acquaintance  with  the  book,  that  I 
am  really  filled  Avith  admiration  at  the 
great  mass  of  excellent  hymns  you  have 
there  gathered  together.  It  proves  the  no- 
blest collection  of  sacred  verse  of  which  I 
have  any  knowledge." — Thomas  Raffles, 
D.D.,  Liverpool. 

And,  if  we  mistake  not,  the  present 
work,  (Hymn  and  Tune  Book)  which  may 
be  called  the  opus  optimum  of  Dr.  Mason's 
life,  Avill  only  serve  to  deepen  the  confi- 
dence already  reposed  by  the  Christian 
public  in  his  taste,  genius  and  piety." — 
Rev.  J.  E.  Rankin,  St.  Albans,  Vt, 

"  I  have  examined  the  Sab.  Hymn  Book 
and  the  Sab.  Hymn  and  Tune  Book,  and 
am  glad  to  say,  that  they  come  nearer  my 
idea  of  what  such  books  should  be,  than 
any  others  with  which  I  am  acquainted." 
— Rev.  Prof.  Robinson,  Rochester  Theo. 
Sem, 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


"  I  have,  with  an  increasing  delight  and 
satisfaction,  examined  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book,  and  am  too  well  pleased  with  it  to 
try  and  lind  faiilts." — Key.  T.  II.  Robin- 
son, llarrisburg.  Pa, 

"  The  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  is  what 
singers  want." — Geo.  T.  Boot,  Esq.,  A'. 
Reading,  Mass, 

"In  answer  to  the  inquiry  as  to  my 
own  opinion  of  the  style  of  the  whole  vol- 
ume as  a  collection  of  sacred  lyrics,  I  can 
truly  say,  after  a  careful  examination  of 
the  work  regarded  in  this  light,  that  it 
seems  to  me  to  stand  high  above  all  other 
collections  of  the  kind." — Pkof.  Wm.  Rus- 
sell, iMncaster,  Mass, 

' '  It  gives  me  pleasure  to  bear  testimony 
to  its  unquestioned  merits." — Prof.  E.  D. 
Sanbokn,  Dartmouth  College, 

"I  am  free  to  say  that  I  am  acquainted 
with  no  hymn  book  more  worthy  of  adop- 
tion."— Rev.  Prof.  Shedd,  Andovcr  Theol, 
Seminary. 

"  I  tlunk  you  have  brought  to  pass  the 
book  for  our  churches." — Rev.  Prof.  Shep- 
ARD,  Bangor  Theo.  Sent. 

"  I  have  now  had  the  volume  upon  my 
table  for  three  months.  During  this  time 
it  has  been  steadily  advancing  in  my  esti- 
mation, and  I  have  no  doubt  that,  if  my 
life  is  spared,  it  will  do  so  for  years  to 
come." — D.  Talcott  Smith,  D.D.,  Bangor 
Theo,  Sem. 

"  I  concur  fully  with  Prof.  Packard  in 
his  commendation  of  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book." — Rev.  Prof.  E.  G.  Smith,  Bow- 
do  in  College. 

"  The  editors  of  the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book 
seem  to  me  to  have  accomplished  a  great 
work  for  the  churches." — Rev.  President 
Stearns,  Amherst  College, 

"I  most  heartily  wish  there  might  be 
uniformity  in  o\ir  churches  in  the  use  of 
hymn  books,  and  I  know  of  no  book  so 
worthy  to  be  universally  adopted  as  the  Sab- 
bath Hymn  Book." — Rev.  J.  Steele,  Vt, 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  the 
book  is  far  superior  to  any  other  of  the 
kind  with  which  I  am  acquainted." — Prof. 
N.  L.  Stoever,  Penn,  College,  Gettisburg. 

"  I  have  never  seen  a  collection  of  hymns 
for  Sabbath  worship  that  realizes  so  nearly 
my  ideal  of  such  a  book." — Rev.  A.  L. 
Stone,  Boston,  Mass, 

"For  the  fullness  of  its  hymns,  adapted 
to  every  occasion  of  religious  worship  as 
well  as  to  every  variety  of  Christian  senti- 
ment and  feeling  ;  and  for  the  completeness 
and  scientific  arrangement  of  its  tables  and 
indexes,  I  know  of  no  hymn  book  that  has 
equal  merits." — Benj.  P.  Stone,  D.D., 
Concord,  N,  H, 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  aihrming  it,  as 
my  deliberate  judgment,  that  the  Sabbath 


Hymn  Book  is  decidedly  to  be  preferred  as 
a  '  manual  of  sacred  song '  to  any  other 
compilation  of  which  I  liave  knowledge." 
R.  S.  Storks,  D.D.,  Braintrce,  Mass, 

"  The  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  shows  ex- 
cellent taste  and  judgment,  extensive  re- 
search, and  a  very  accurate  appreciation  of 
the  wants  and  wishes  of  the  churches." — 
Rev.  Prof.  Stowe,  Andover  Theo,  Se7fi, 

"  He  must  be  a  fastidious  man,  who, 
having  seen  this  book,  shall  wait  for  a  bet- 
ter ;  he  must  be  a  bold  man  who  shall  offer 
the  public  another  during  the  present  cen- 
tury."— Leonard  Swain,  D.D,,  Providence, 
R,'l, 

"The  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  has  excel- 
lences which  entitle  it  to  the  highest  rank." 
— Seth  Sweetser,  D.D.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

"  The  undersigned,  for  many  years  ac- 
customed to  the  use  of  the  *  *  *  and  *  *  * 
in  public  worship,  has  been  rejoiced  to  find 
in  the  new  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  a  work 
embodying  far  greater  excellences  than 
theirs,  without  their  numerous  and  needless 
defects." — Rev.  John  L.  Taylor,  Andover, 
Mass, 

"  After  a  careful  examination  of  the  Sab- 
bath Hymn  Book,  I  am  higlily  gratified 
with  its  adaptation  for  the  appropriate  pur- 
poses of  worship." — Samuel  H.  Taylor, 
LL.D.,  Andover,  Mass, 

"  It  seems  to  me  that  the  Sabbath  Hymn 
Book  taken  as  a  collection,  more  fully 
meets  these  requisitions  of  its  own  motto 
than  any  other  collection  of  hymns  extant ; 
and  this  I  say,  after  a  candid  examination 
of  many  others,  indeed  of  all  that  can  fitly 
be  compared  with  it." — Joseph  P.  Thomp- 
son, D.D.,   Xetv  York, 

"  That  the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  has  at- 
tained to  absolute  perfection,  cannot  be 
affirmed  without  contradicting  the  inspired 
Psalmist  himself  (cxix  :  96,  first  clause). 
But  that  it  contains  within  its  ample  pages 
as  complete  a  manual  of  public  and  social 
and  domestic  praise  as  the  most  exacting 
could  require,  it  is  certain." — Rev.  J.  T. 
Tucker,  Ilolliston,  Mass, 

"It  undoubtedly  excels  in  variety  and 
richness  any  hymn  book  that  has  ever  been 
published  in  the  English  language," — 
Prof.  W.  S.  Tyler,  Amherst  College. 

"  Contains  a  large  portion  of  all  that  is 
excellent  in  Christian  hymnology,  arranged 
with  an  adaptation  to  almost  every  sub- 
ject and  circumstance  which  can  occur  for 
notice  in  Congregational  psalmody."  — 
Wm.  Urwick,  D.D.,  Dublin,  Ireland. 

"  On  the  whole,  I  should  give  the  pre- 
ference to  this  book  over  any  of  its  prede- 
cessors."—  Jos.  Vail,  D.D.,  Palmer,  Mass. 

' '  We  read  and  weighed  the  criticisms 
upon  it,  and  were  only  the  more  satisfied 
that   if  not  absolutely  perfect,  it  is  by  far 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


the  best  extant." — Rev.  H.  D.  Walkt:r, 
East  Ahlnrjton,  Mass, 

"  When  once  introduced  into  our  sanctu- 
aries it  will  abide  there,  and  the  longer  it 
abides  the  more  it  will  be  loved." — Rev. 
J.  AV.  Wellman,   Ncu'fon,  Mass. 

"  "We  welcome  this  hymn  book  as  an  ad- 
ded spiritual  help  put  into  the  hand  of  the 
Church  of  Christ." — Rev.  Lyman  Whit- 
ing, Providence,  R.  I. 

'<  As  a  whole  it  far  exceeds  all  other  col- 
lections of  sacred  poetry  with  which  I  am 
acquainted." — Rev.  E.  Whittlesey,  Bat/t, 
Me. 

"  The  eminent  qualifications  of  the  com- 
pilers for  their  task  had  led  me  to  antici- 
pate in  the  Sabbath  Hymn  Book  a  work  of 
superior  merit.  A  careful  examination  of 
it  has  more  than  confiamed  my  anticipa- 
tion."— HuBBAKD  Wmsi.ow,  D.D.,  Gene- 
ra, N.  Y. 


"It  is  truly  a  noble  compilation  of  sa- 
cred hyninology  for  the  closet,  the  family, 
and  the  church.  ■*  *  *  My  impression 
is,  that  the  churches  in  Canada  will  adopt 
it  in  considerable  numbers."  —  Henry 
Wilkes,  D.D.,  Montreal,  Canada. 

"It  is  beyond  all  comparison  with  its 
competitors,  and  the  most  perfect  specimen 
of  hymnology  which  this  country  is  likely 
to  witness." — Rev.  G.  B.  Wilcox,  New 
London,  Conn. 

I  regard  it  as  very  much  superior  to  any 
other  hymn  book  with  which  I  am  ac- 
quaintecl." — Rev.  W.  W.  Winchester, 
Clinton,  Mass, 

"  Our  first  favorable  judgment  of  the 
book  (Hymn  and  Tune  Book,)  is  confirm- 
ed, and  the  book  proves  highly  satisfactory 
to  the  congregation." — Rev.  Profs.  Har- 
ris AND  Shepard,  Bangor  Theo.  Sent. 


MASON  BROTHERS,  Publishers, 

5  &  7  Mercer  Street,  New  York. 


SCHOOL  F 


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BESIDES,   DESKS,  CHAIRS,  AND  OTHER  GOODS,  APE  JIADE  AND  ON  HAND, 

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Blackboards  of  Slate  of  any  dimensions,  Revolving  or  Stationary,  Bl  ickboard  Cleaners, 
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Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

MA80H    Bl    HAMLIN, 

MAXUFACTUUERS    OF 

MELODEOi^S  AND  HARil^OIMIUraS. 


The  undersigned  respectfully  invite  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  following  facts  in  relation  to  their 
iDStrumeufs: 

1st.  Our  Melocleon?  ar.d  Harmoniums  have  repeived  the  endorsement  and  preference  of  the  first  musical 
authorities  iu  the  country,  amoug  whom  are  Thalberg.  Mason,  Webb,  Root,  W.  Mason,  Bradbury,  Morgan, 
Baker,  Wetherbee,  Wilcox,  Zerralin,  Bruce,  Satter,  and  Zundel. 

2d.  Having  exViibited  at  twenty-three  Fairs  since  1856,  we  have,  in  every  INSTANCE,  been  awarded  the 
FIRST  PREMIUM,  over  all  competitors. 

3d.  Nearly  THl'.KE  IIUNDKKD  churches  and  chapels  have  been  furnished  with  our  Organ  Harmoniums, 
all  of  which  have  given  entire  Siitislaction. 

4th.  Upwards  of  TUIUTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  of  our  Melodeons  have  been  sold,  all  of  which,  so  far  as 
known  to  us,  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

PRICE    LIST. 

Melodeons,  with  one  set  of  Reeds .^60    $75    $100    $110     and    $130 

Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds $130     and    $150 

Organ-Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds  and  two  banks  of  Keys $200 

Harmoniums,  with  six  and  eight  stops $200    and    $250 

Okgan-Harmoniums $300    $350    and    $400 

Amongst  the  recent  improvements  introduced  by  us,  we  invite  attention  to  that  of  the"  TREBLE  FORTE" 
stop,  which  is  now  applied  to  all  of  our  Melodeons. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  sent  to  any  address  on  application  to 

MASON    Sr    HAMLIN, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

Depot  in  New  York — Chickering  &  Sons,  694  Broadway. 

THE  AMERICAN  TRACT   SOCIETY, 

TRACT   HOUSE,   NO.  28    CORNHILL,  BOSTON, 

Have  for  sale  an  Assortment  of  Standard  Religious  Works,  Book.s  for  Children 
and    Youth,    Also,    English   Bibles,    in   every   variety   of  binding,    Picture    Cards, 

Children's  Tracts,  &c. — The  Society  are  rapidly  increasing  the  list  of  their  publications. 
Fifty  Tracts  have  already  been  published.  The  Memoir  of  Dr.  Lobdell,  late  Mission- 
ary of  the  American  Board,  is  now  ready  ;  Also,  The  Sisters,  a  beautiful  book  for  Youth. 
The  subscription  lists  of  THE  TRACT  JOURNAL  and  THE  CHILD  AT  HOME, 

are  daily  increasing.     Orders  and  remittances  should  be  sent  to 

N.  BROUGHTON,  JR.,  Depository  Agent. 
HENRY  HILL,   Treasurer. 

J.  W.  ALVORD,  )  .sv,rciar;e5 
I.  P.  WARREN,  S  •^^'^'^""'^'^*- 

Massachusetts  Sabbath  School  Society, 

This  Society  has,  for  one  of  its  prominent  objects,  the  circulation  of  pood  books  at  the  lowest 
prices.  We  publish  over  1200  excellent  books,  suitable  for  Sabbath  School  Libraries,  and  add 
to  this  list  about  50  new  volumes  each  year.  We  have  also  on  hand,  or  can  furnish,  a  com- 
plete assortment  of  the  best  books  published  by  the  "  Carters,"  the  Presbyterian  Board, 
the  American  Sunday  School  Union,  and  other  Publication  Societies ;  Sheldon  &  Blake- 
man,  Henry  Hoyt,  and  other  Sabbath  School  book  publishers. 

We  invite  Clergymen,  Siiperinte?idtnts,  and  all  in  want  of  Theological  and  Sabbath  School 
books,  to  call  at  13  Cornhill,  before  purchasing  elsewhere,  as  we  have  just  adopted  the  plan 
of  making  special  discounts  to  Pastors  and  Saub.vth  Schools.  We  are  prepared  to  send 
out  a  full  assortment  of  the  new  books,  carefully  selected,  to  Committees  for  examination, 
with  the  privilege  of  returning  or  exchanging  any  not  wanted. 

MOSES  H.  SARGENT,  Treas.  Mass.  S.  S  Society. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

liliii  SliiM  gilt §1,  lil^^ 

No.  141  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old  South  Church, 
S  O  S  T  o  :tT  - 


I  beg  leave  to  call  the  attention  of  the  clergy  and  laymen  to  the  large  and  attractive  assort- 
ment of  Books,  Cards,  Engravings  and  Periodicals,  issued  by  the  Union,  a  full  supply  of 
which  may  at  all  times  be  found  at  their  new  store,  No.  141  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old 
South  Church. 

In  addition  to  the  very  large  assortment  of  the  Publications  of  the  UNION,  a  complete 
assortment  of 

E  LEG- A  ST    ENGLISH    BIBLES 

"Will  be  kept  constantly  on  hand.     Also  will  be  furnished,  the  Publications  of  the 

AMEIilQAN  TRACT  SOCIETYj 

The  finely  illustrated  Juvenile  Publications  of  the 

RELIGIOUS     TRACT     SOCIETY,      LONDON, 
THE  SOCIETY  FOR  PROMOTING  CHRISTIAN  KNOWLEDGE,  LONDON, 

A    GENERAL   ASSORTMENT   OF  THE   ISSUES    OF 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Brothers,  New  York, 
A.  D.  F.  Randolph,  New  York, 
Sheldon  &  Co.,  New  York, 

Messrs.  T.  Nelson  &  Sons,  London, 

(Including  their  beautiful  series  of  Views  and  Cards,  in  Oil  Colors,) 

Congregational  Board  of  Publication, 

Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication, 

(Old  and  New  School,) 

Tbe  Evangelical  Knowledge  Society, 

(Protestant  Episcopal,) 

AND  A  GREAT  VARIETY  OF  OTHER  WORKS  SUITABLE  FOR 

PASTOKS'  LIBKAKIES,   FAMILIES   AIVD   SUNDAY   SCHOOLS, 

Also,  COMME^iT ARIES,  OREESL  TESTAMENTS  and  L.EXICONS, 

AND   VARIOUS   HELPS   TO   THE   STUDY   OF  THE    BIBLE. 

My  object  is  to  keep 

Containing  the  best  Books,  with  the  finest  Engravings,  for  Old  and  Young, 
and  at  the  Lowest  Prices,  of  any  to  be  found  in  the  United  States. 

Clergymen  and  others  are  respectfully  invited  to  examine  this  Stock— and  those  not  resi- 
dents of  this  city  to  make  this  store  their  home  when  in  Boston — whether  you  purchase  or 
not. 

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GOULD   &   LINCOLN, 

59  WASHINGTON  STREET,  BOSTON, 
Have  Just  Published : 

a-OTTia:OI.D'S    ElVLBLEIIVrS  i 
Or,   Invisible   Things   Understood  by   Things  that   are  Made. 

By  CHRISTIAN  SCRIVER,  Minister  of  Magdeburg  in  1671.  Translated  from  the  twenty- 
eighth  German  edition,  by  Rev.  Robert  Menzies.  8vo,  and  Royal  8vo,  tinted  paper  and  va- 
rious styles  of  elegant  binding,  from  .$'1  to  ^'O. 

This  book  has  had  a  popularity  in  Germany  not  inferior  to  the  best  works  of  Luther.  The 
editor  of  the  ticenty-third  edition  states  the  extraordinary  fact  that  he  found  it  almost  impos- 
Bible  to  obtain  a  copy  of  it  for  the  press,  "  as  parties  who  possessed  it  refused  to  part  with  it 
at  any  price." 

Its  singular  merits  will  soon  make  it  an  equal  favorite  in  American  households,  for  all  read- 
ers will  pronounce  it  the  most  fascinating  of  devotional  books.  It  teaches  how  to  find  God 
everywhere,  and  to  carry  devotion  into  the  humblest  duties  of  daily  life.  Its  juicy  thoughts 
and  rich  suggestions  have  an  equal  charm  for  the  scholar  and  the  unlearned. 

"The  emblems  form  a  costly  set  of  pure  and  genuine  diamonds,  each  of  them  reflecting 
heaven.  It  is  a  book  for  all  men,  from  the  beggar  on  his  pallet  of  straw,  to  the  Prince  on  his 
throne." — [Pastor  Wimmer. 

''  With  strangely  child-like  and  charming  lips,  Scriver  leads  us  forth  into  nature,  as  into 
a  vault  of  mirrors,  from  which  the  image  of  God  everywhere  shines  forth." — [Berlin  Lite- 
rarische  Zeitung. 

THE  CRUCIBLE,— Or  Tests  of  a  Regenerate  State  ;  Designed  to  bring  to  light 
suppressed  hopes,  expose  false  ones,  and  confirm  the  true.  By  Rev.  J.  A.  Goodhue,  A.M. 
With  an  Introduction  by  Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk,  D.D.     12mo      Cloth,  $1. 

This  volume  presents  novel,  original  and  startling  views.  It  places  within  the  Christian 
fold  many  who  claim  no  place  there  ;  cuts  off  from  it  many  who  consider  themselves  entitled 
to  all  its  privileges,  and  applies  tests  of  spiritual  character,  which  are  vitally  distinct  from 
those  which  are  current  in  the  popular  religion  of  the  day.  It  is  one  of  the  books  to  be  read, 
marked  and  inwardly  digested. 

THE  PURITANS;  or,  The  Court,  Church  and  Parliament  of  England,  during  the  reign 
of  Edward  Sixth  and  Elizabeth.     By  Samuel  Hopkins.     3  vols,  octavo.    Vol.  1.    $2,50. 
We  know  of  no  work  which  can  be  compared  with  this  for  an  honest  and  intelligent  judg- 
ment of  those  questions  which  concern  the   Puritan  position   and   character. — [New  York 
Evangelist. 

Three  great  names  appear  in  this  age  as  pictorial  historians — artists  of  rare  abilitj' — Merle 
d'Aubigne  of  Geneva,  Prescott  and  Lord  Macauley.  To  these  we  are  now  happy  to  add  the 
name  of  Mr.  Hopkins. —  [Philadelphia  Journal. 

THE  LEADERS  OP  THE  REPORMATION,— LUTHER,  CALVIN,  LATIMER 

and   KNOX,  the   Representative  men  of  Germany,  France,  England  and  Scotland.     By 

Rev.  J.  TuLLOCH,  D.D.     12mo.,  Cloth.     $\. 

A  portrait  gallery  of  sturdy  Reformers,  drawn  by  a  keen  eye  and  a  strong  hand.  Dr.  Tul- 
loch  discriminates  clearly  the  personal  qualities  of  each  Reformer,  and  commends  and  criti- 
cises with  equal  frankness. 

The  contents  of  the  volume  are  not  mere  biographical  details,  but  masterly,  philosophical 
estimates  of  great  characters. — [Presbyterian. 

There  is  no  man,  perhaps,  among  the  distinguished  writers  of  this  age,  more  competent — 
d'Aubigne  excepted — to  do  justice  to  the  great  Reformers  than  Dr.  Tulloch. — [Intelligencer. 

BRITISH  NOVELISTS  AND  THEIR  EIYLES,— Being  a  Critical  Sketch  of  the 

History  of  British   Prose   1-iction.     By  David  Masson,   M. A.,  author  of  the  "Life   and 

Times  of  Milton."     16mo.     Cloth.     75  cents. 

One  of  the  most  charming  books  published  this  year. — [Providence  Journal. 

He  is  one  of  the  most  critical  writers  of  the  age,  and  has  produced  a  charming  book. — [Com- 
mercial Bulletin. 

One  of  the  very  best  works  of  British  literary  criticism  ever  written. — [Philad.  Argus. 

READY      IN     JANUARY. 

LIFE  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  REV.  DANIEL  AVILSON,  D.D.,  BISHOP  OF 
CALCUTTA.     By  Rev.  Josiah  Bateman.     8vo.     $3,00. 

THE  HISTORICAL  EVIDENCES  OF  THE  TRUTH  OF  THE  SCRIPTURE  RECORDS 

STATED   ANEW  WITH   SPECIAL   REFERENCE   TO   THE   DOUBTS   AND   DISCOVEllIES    OF   MODERN 

times.    By  George  Rawlinson,  M.A.    12mo.    $1,25. 

ANNUAL  OF  SCIENTIFIC  DISCOVERY  FOR  1860.  By  D.  A.  Wells,  A.M.  12mo. 
Cloth,  $1,25. 


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VALUABLE  STANDARD  WORKS, 

PUBLISHED    BY 

CROCKER   &   BREWSTER, 

47  WASHINGTON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


ROBINSON'S  BIBLICAL  RESEARCHES  IN  PALESTINE, 

NEW    EDITION,    ■with   an    entire    new    volume    of    Travels    in    1852. 

BIBLICAL  RESEARCHES  IN  PALESTINE,  MOUNT  SINAI,  AND  ARABIA  PETR^A  ;  A  Journal  of 
Travels  in  the  year  1838.  Also,  Later  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine  and  Syria,  a  Journal  of  Travels  in  the 
year  1852,  by  Edward  Robinson,  Eli  Smith,  and  others.  Undertaken  in  reference  to  Biblical  Geography. 
Drawn  up  from  the  Original  Diaries  with  Historical  Illustrations.  By  Edward  Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Biblical  Literature  in  the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York.  With  a  volume  of  new  Maps  and 
plans  of  Mount  Sinai,  Jerusalem,  Northern  and  Southern  Palestine.  The  whole  comprised  in  3  vols.,  8vo. 
Volume  Third^  comprising  the  Travels  in  1852,  can  be  had  separately. 

"  These  Biblical  Researches  will  unquestionably  be  henceforth  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  precious  contri- 
butions that  have  ever  been  made  to  Christian  archaeology.  With  a  zeal  as  fresh  and  pure  as  it  is  ardent ; 
■with  a  judgment  that  is  serene,  and  a  charity  that  is  as  amiable  as  his  criticism  is  close  and  erudite,  does  the 
Professor  lay  before  the  reader  an  immense  storehouse,  crowded  with  materials  that  must  excite  the  deepest 
interest.  Nothing  can  be  said  or  thought  of  this  production  that  will  not  redound  to  the  reputation  of  its 
author,  or  that  will  prevent  it  from  becoming  a  model  of  research,  and  a  standard  authority  in  all  time 
coming." — London  Monthly  Review. 

NEANDER'S    CHURCH    HISTORY. 

NEANDER'S  GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  CHRISTIAN  RELIGION  AND  CHURCH,  complete  to  the 
beginning  of  the  Reformation.  In  five  volumes,  octavo,  with  a  full  and  general  index.  Translated  from  the 
first,  revised  and  altered  throughout  according  to  the  second  edition,  by  Joseph  Tobret,  Professor  of  Moral 
and  Intellectual  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Vermont. 

"  Dr.  Neandor's  well-known  characteristics— a  profound  and  heart-affecting  view  of  the  substance  of 
Christianity,  love  to  all  that  bear  the  name  of  Christ,  eminent  candor  and  fairness  in  the  judgment  of  charac- 
ter, mastery  of  the  subject  in  all  its  details,  careful  sifting  of  testimony,  the  ability  to  present  a  topic  in  its 
just  limits  and  due  proportions — are  nowhere  more  conspicuous  than  in  this  volume  ;  in  their  combination, 
these  qualities  place  him  far  above  any  other  Church  historian.  We  cannot  but  rejoice  that  the  history  is 
brought  before  the  English  and  American  public  in  a  form  every  way  so  worthy  of  it." — Bibliotheca  Sacra. 

SCOTT'S  FAMILY  BIBLE,  the  Boston  stereotype  edition,  in  six  volumes,  royal  8vo.,  containing  all  the 
Notes,  Practical  Observations,  Marginal  References,  and  Critical  Remarks,  as  in  the  most  approved  London 
edition,  with  a  line  engraved  likeness  of  the  author,  family  record,  etc. 

"  I  prefer  Scott's  Commentary  on  the  Bible,  above  every  similar  work  in  the  Engli.sh  language.  Dr.  Scott 
is  a  safe  commentator  and  a  deeply  practical  writer.  I  set  a  high  value  on  the  labors  of  Henry,  Doddridge, 
and  other  practical,  as  well  as  learned  writers  upon  the  Bible  ;  but  if  I  could  give  my  family,  or  obtain  for 
myself,  but  one  Commentary,  I  should  not  hesitate  to  fix  my  choice  upon  Scott." — Rev.  Dr.  Cornelius,  latt 
Secretary  of  tke  American  Education  Society. 


EMM0N3'  DIVINITY,  2  vols. 

BUTTERWORTH'S  CONCORDANCE. 

STUART'S  COMMENTARY  ON  DANIEL. 

ROBINSON'S  CALMET'S  DICTIONARY  OF  THE 
BIBLE. 

ROBINSON'S  HARMONIES— Greek  and  English. 

ROBINSON'S  GESENIUS  HEBREW  AND  ENG- 
LISH LEXICON. 

LIFE  OF  GOV.  TRUMBULL,  8vo. 

WORCESTER'S,  WATTS'  AND   SELECT   HYMNS. 

PROF.  ANDREWS'  SERIES  OF  LATIN  BOOKS. 

IIEV'DS  JACOB  AND  JOHN  S.  C.  ABBOT'S 
NOTES  ON  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT. 

■WILSON'S  EVIDENCES  OF  CHRISTIANITY. 

•WINSLOW'S  (REV.  HUBBARD)  CHRISTIAN 
DOCTRINES. 


WINSLOW'S  (REV.  HUBBARD)  YOUNG  MEN'S 
AID. 

THEOLOGICAL  CLASS  BOOK,  by  Rev.  Wm. 
Cogswell,  D.D. 

ASSISTANT  TO  FAMILY  RELIGION,  by  Rev.  W^m. 
Cogswell,  D.D. 

REV.  RICHARD  BAXTER'S  LIFE,  TIMES  AND 
WRITINGS. 

LIFE  AND  LABORS  OF  REV.  SAMUEL  WOR- 
CESTER, D.D. 

ARE    YOU    A    CHRISTIAN?    by   Rev.  Hubbard 

WiNSLOW. 

EMERSONS    "  EVANGELICAL    PRIMER,"    AND 

"BIBLICAL  OUTLINE." 
PILGRIMAGE    OF   ADAM   AND    DAVID,  by  Rev. 

James  Gallagher. 
LIFE  OF  JERI-MIAH  EVARTS,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser, 

p)        '>'P 


MM   ibiP    %f\ 


19"o.  34  School  Street,  (opposite  City  Hall,)  Boston. 


^4   f 


MFSIG   PHIFTISTG. 

For  specimens  of  workmanship  in  this  department,  see  Moore's  Encyclopedia  of  Music, 
and  the  Congregational  Tune  Book,  published  by  J.  P.  Jewett  &  Co.,  Vestry  Harp,  Wm. 
Heath,  Re\'ival  Melodist,  Snow  &  Greene,  Providence,  and  numerous  other  works. 

^f  The  strictest  personal  attention  will  be  given,  and  all  work  executed  punctually 

and  in  the  best  manner. 


There  has  probably  been  no  period  of  time  since  the  first  settlement  of  this  country  when 
greater  and  sincerer  efforts  were  made  to  render  places  for  public  worship,  not  only  comfort- 
able, but  healthful,  than  are  being  made  at  this  present  time.  Very  few  Committees  venture 
to  run  the  risk  of  building,  or  remodeling  a  church  edifice,  without  first  obtaining  some  kind 
of  a  plan  from  some  kind  of  an  architect.  Not  knowing,  however,  oftentimes,  the  value  of 
varied  and  long  experience  in  the  profession,  they  frequently  find,  when  too  late,  that  they  have 
been  imposed  upon,  beins;  obliged  to  pay  a  greater  sum  to  remedy  a  defect  or  correct  a  mis- 
take, than  would  have  sufficed,  in  the  beginning,  to  secure  the  best  services. 

The  experience  of  Committees  can  rarely  be  made  of  much  practical  benefit,  for  the  reason 
that  it  terminates  in  the  completion  of  the  building  which  they  were  appointed  to  erect. 
While  on  the  other  hand,  that  of  an  architect,  being  continuous  of  necessity,  becomes  often 
available. 

The  subject  of  ventilation  has,  of  late,  occupied  much  of  the  public  attention  and  concern. 
It  is  believed  by  many,  who  have  investigated  the  subject,  that  human  life  could  be  very  much 
prolonged  if  the  laws  of  nature  were  more  carefully  observed,  and  in  no  way  more,  than  in  the 
free  use  of  pure  air.  In  public  buildings  much  can  be  done  where  enlightened  experience  is 
brought  to  the  aid  of  those  who  have  their  construction  in  charge.  But  that  experience  must 
be  used,  to  be  of  any  value  ;  and  certainly,  none  would  be  more  likely  to  understand  it  than 
one  whose  profession  is  a  continuous  practice. 

The  undersigned  having  devoted  much  time  and  attention  to  the  proportion  and  comfort  of 
rooms  for  public  assemblages,  and  particularly  to  the  department  of  warming  and  ventilation — 
for  they  are  really  but  one,  so  closely  are  they  connected — believes  himself  qualified  to  render 
valuable  aid  to  any  committee  or  individual  who  desires  to  be  possessed  of  information  upon 
the  subject.  Committees  and  others  are  invited  to  call  at  his  ofiice,  11  Joy's  Building,  and 
examine  plans  of  Churches,  &c. 

J.  D.  TOWLE,  Architect. 

REFERENCES. 
Revs.  Isaac  P.  Langworthy,  and  Henry  M.  Dexter,  Boston  ;  Rev.  Horace  Winslow,  Great  Barrington,  Ms. 

[ir7"The  following  are  some  of  the  Churches  designed  by  Mr.  Towie  :— Shawmut,  Boston,  Ms.  ;  Winnisim- 
met,  Chelsea,  Ma.  ;  Unitarian,  Bangor,  Me.  ;  Old  South,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  ;  Congregational  Churches  in 
New  Britain,  Ct  ,  North  Bridgewater,  Ms.,  East  Randolph,  Ms.,  and  Great  Barringtou,  Ms, 
(Adv.)  C 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

a^  "  I  pity  those  women  whose  staff  is  their  needle,  for  when  they  lean  upon  it,  it  pierces, 
not  their  side,  but  their  heart.  ***«*!  think  the  needle  has  slain  more  than  the 
sword  of  war."  Henry  Wakd  Beecher. 


GllOVER   &   BAKER'S 


Read  the  following  interesting  letters, — 

Athens,  Greece,  July  20,  1859. 
Groter  &  Baker  S.  M.  Co.,  Boston: 

Gentlemen — My  wife  is  so  much  pleased  with  your  Sewing  Machine,  that  she  has  addressed 
a  few  lines  to  you,  expressing  the  high  degree  of  satisfaction  it  has  given  her.  But  as  she 
has  written  to  you  in  Greek,  and  thinking  it  possible  that  you  may  not  read  with  facility  that 
language,  she  has  requested  me  to  translate  it  for  you  in  English,  which  I  have  done,  and  en- 
close herewith  both  the  original  and  the  translation. 

And  I  must  add  that  I  myself  ever  admire  your  machine,  and  that  it  has  been  of  immense 
use_  to  iny  family,  and  to  many  others,  who  are  poor,  and  whom  my  wife  has  gratuitously 
assisted  in  sewing. 

Yours  truly,  JONAS  KING, 

Missionary  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 


[Translation  of  Mrs.  King's  Letter  to  the  Grover  and  Baker  Sewing  Machine  Company.] 
"  Benefactors  of  the  Female  race  : 

It  is  now  about  three  years  that  I  have  the  happiness  to  use  your  machine  for  sewing,  and 
also  the  pleasure  of  aiding  others,  who  are  poor  seamstresses,  and  all  wonder  at  the  rapidity  of 
the  work  of  your  Machine,  and  praise  and  admire  the  wisdom  of  the  inventor,  and  bless  you 
also. 

I  therefore  recommend  to  all  families  to  purchase  without  fail  your  Machine,  and  propose 
to  all  the  Ladies  to  unite  with  me,  and  crown  you  with  olive  and  laurel. 

May  you  have  health.  A.  A.  KING. 

Athe7is,  7-19,  July,  1859. 


The  "  Scientific  American,"  Nov.  5th,  1859,  says :  "  The  machines  manufactured  by  the 
Grover  and  Baker  Sewing  Machine  Company,  are  too  well  known  by  the  public  at  large  to 
need  any  recommendation  at  our  hands,  and  we  will  simply  add  that  we  have  had  one  of  them 
in  use  in  our  family  for  some  time  past,  ajul  it  is  considered  the  most  useful  article  in  the  hottse, 
next  to  the  cradle,  and  no  less  indispensible  than  that. 


"  Zion's  Herald,"  Nov.  16th,  1859,  says, — ""We  would  recommend  to  families  and  to  those 
about  to  organize  a  homestead,  to  be  sure  and  have  a  Family  Bible,  and  also  one  of  Grover  & 
Baker's  SEWING  MACHINES. 


PRINCIPAL   SALES   ROOMS. 

18  SUMMER  STREET, BOSTON. 

495    BROADWAY, NEW  YORK. 

730  CHESTNUT  STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 

181  BALTIMORE   STREET, BALTIMORE. 

115  LAKE   STREET, CHICAGO. 

118  MONTGOMERY  STREET, SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 
EVERY  CLERGYMAN  SDOULD  HAVE  HIS  LIFE  INSURED ! 

Or  rather — for  this  language  does  not  happily  express  the  idea — every  clerijyman  should  in- 
sure to  his  family  a  small  competence  in  case  of  his  decease.  There  are  many  reasons  why  he 
should  do  tnis. 

He  is  not,  usually,  in  possession  of  any  patrimony  from  which  to  leave  much  real  estate,  or 
bank,  or  other  stock,  to  secure  his  widow  and  fatherless  children  from  want. 

He  is  not,  usually,  in  a  condition  to  amass  much  property,  which  may  enure  to  the  benefit 
of  his  family,  when  he  is  gone.  If  he  can  manage  to  '  make  both  ends  meet,'  from  year  to 
year,  upon  his  professional  income,  he  is  more  fortunate  than  the  majority  of  his  brethren  are 
understood  to  be. 

He  is  bound,  by  every  Christian,  as  well  as  every  humane  consideration,  to  gather  some 
small  competence  for  those  who  would  else  be  left  dependent,  in  case  of  his  decease.  That 
Gracious  Being,  who  makes  the  widow  and  the  orphan  his  peculiar  charge,  has  said,  by  the 
voice  of  His  Apostle,  that  "  if  any  provide  not  for  his  own,  and  especially  for  those  of  his  own 
house."  he  "  is  worse  than  an  Infidel."  And  all  the  Divine  promises  of  paternal  care  are  con- 
ditioned on  the  previous  performance  of  every  legitimate  duty,  on  the  part  of  man. 

He  can  in  no  other^ay  so  easily,  and  safely,  discharge  this  duty  toward  his  family,  as  by 
means  of  what  is  callfl  Life  Insurance ;  which  is  not  the  assurance  of  long  life  to  the  insured, 
but  the  assurance  of  the  means  of  life  to  his  dependent  ones  after  him.  This  has  advantage 
over  every  other  method  of  accumulation  ; — because  it  secures  the  desired  sum  total  immedi- 
ately on  the  deposite  of  the  first  annual  savings  ;  because  it  is  a  safer  investment  of  those  sav- 
ings" than  can  be  offered  by  any  Bank  or  other  Corporation,  or  any  private  capitalist ;  because 
the  recurrence  of  its  annual  time  of  payment  furnishes  a  stimulus,  and  an  exigency,  and, 
therefore,  is  more  likely  to  secure  the  needful  deposite,  from  year  to  year,  than  if  it  were  left 
to  the  convenience  of  '  any  time  ' — which  may  never  come ;  because  it  may  be  put  beyond  the 
reach  of  misfortunes  and  creditors  ;  and  because  it  is  payable  in  cash  to  the  legal  representa- 
tives of  the  widow  and  children,  without  unreasonable  delay,  without  any  trouble  to  the  par- 
ties, and  without  any  deduction  on  account  of  the  existing  state  of  the  money  market,  or  for 
any  other  reason — as  might  be  the  case  if  investment  had  been  made  in  stocks,  or  real  estate 
requiring  to  be  sold. 

Look  at  the  follomng  illustration  of  the  superior  value  of  Life  Insurance.  Suppose  a  young 
clergyman,  at  the  age  of  25,  to  decide  to  redeem  annually,  @oO  of  his  salary  from  other  claims, 
and  devote  it  to  the  future  welfare  of  those  whom  he  is  liable  at  any  moment  to  be  compelled 
— otherwise — to  leave  penniless  to  the  cold  charities  of  the  world.  He  saves  that  amount,  and 
looks  round  for  some  safe  place  for  its  deposite.  If  he  put  it  into  a  sound  Savings  Bank,  it 
will  be  secure,  and  slowly  increase.  If  he  loan  it  on  the  security  of  a  note,  he  will  gain  a 
larger  rate  of  interest,  but  an  increase  of  risk  and  trouble.  If  he  invest  it  in  Railroad,  or 
other  Market  stock,  it  is  always  with  the  danger  of  losing  both  principal  and  interest.  Sup- 
pose him,  however,  to  select  some  deposite  for  it  which  shall  promise  to  be  well-guarded,  and 
to  pay  him  six  per  cent,  per  anmim.  How  will  his  account  stand,  year  by  year  ?  Depositing 
$50  yearly,  he  would  have  an  accumulation  to  his  credit — at  5  years  (or  when  .30  years  of  age,) 
of  $-298,76  ;  at  10,  (or  when  35  years  of  age,)  of  $658,57  ;  at  15,  (or  when  40  years  of  age,)  of 
$1, 130,05  ;  at  20  (or  when  45  years  of  age,)  of  $'1,811,01 ;  at  25,  (or  when  50  years  of  age,)  of 
$2,721,08.  Or,  when  he  should  have  reached  about  the  average  term  of  ministerial  life,  he 
would  have  accumulated  a  credit  of  less  than  $3,000 — provided  everything  had  favored,  and 
no  losses  had  occured,  and  he  had  realized  compound  interest  for  the  whole  term. 

Suppose  him,  now,  to  have  paid  the  same  sum,  yearly,  upon  a  life  Policy  of  Life  Insurance. 
The  annual  payment  of  $48,60  (beginning  at  the  age  of  25,)  would  purchase  a  Life  Policy  for 
$3,000 — payable  within  ninety  days  'after  due  proof  of  the  death  of  the  insured,  whenever 
that  may  hajypen !  Should  death  take  place  in  twenty  years,  (at  45,)  in  the  one  case  the  survi- 
vors receive  $1,811,01,  from  $50  ;;er  annum  ;  in  the  other,  $3,000,  (plus  whatever  profits  may 
have  accrued,)  from  $48,60 /if r  annvm.  If  death  takes  place  in  ten  years  (at  35,)  in  the  one 
case,  there  will  be  due  $658,57,  in  return  for  the  yearly  $50;  in  the  other  $3,000,  (plus  profit,) 
for  the  annual  $48,60,  as  before.  So,  if  death  takes  place  even  in  one  year,  the  bereaved  family 
receive  the  $3,000ybr  the  one  2Myment  of  $48,60;  in  the  other  case,  the  mere  pittance  of  $53.' 
And,  through  the  whole  transaction,  (if  the  investment  is  made  in  a  sound  and  well  conducted 
Company,  )"there  is  a  large  balance  of  safety  and  convenience  to  the  credit  of  this  process  of 
saving  by  Life  Insurance,  as  contrasted  with  saving  in  any  other  way. 

THE  STATE  MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSUEANCE  COMPANY,  OF  WORCESTER, 

(now  in  its  15th  year,)  offer  to  clergymen,  and  others,  advantages  for  insurance  of  this  sort,  which  are  believed 
to  be  unsurpassed.  They  have  now,  on  hand,  assets  to  the  amount  of  more  than  $500,000.  well  and  safely  in- 
vested. From  their  methods  of  business  they  are  able— with  security  to  themselves,  and  to  tho?e  insured  by 
them— to  take  risks  at  a  rate  somewhat  lower  than  that  demanded  by  many  other  Companies;— while  they 
believe  that  the  most  scrutinizing  examination  will  be  satisfied  of  the  soundness  of  their  theory  of  action, 
and  the  superabundant  safety  of  their  Policies. 

The  Company  have  already  insured  the  lives  of  many  clergymen,  Theological  Professors,  Missionaries  of 
the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  &c.,  &c.,  and  will  be  happy  to  forward  all  necessary  documents  for  understanding  their 
method  of  business,  and  for  effecting  insurance  with  them,  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  on  request,  by 
mail,  at  the  oflSce  in  Worcester,  or  at  the 

BOSTON  OFFICE,  No.  6  CONGRESS  STREET. 


JAMES    D.    KENT,    Agent. 


MR.  KENT  is  permitted  to  refer  clergymen  and  others,  at  a  distance,  who  may  desire  information  of  the 
character  of  the  Company,  to  Rev.  J.  S.  C.  Abbott,  Farmington,  Me.,  Rev.  Jacob  Abbott,  Spingler  Institute, 
New  York  City,  R«v.  Austin  Phelps,  D.D.,  Professor  at  Andover,  and  Rtv.  H.  M.  Dexter,  Boston. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

ORTHOBOX  CONGREGATIONAL  BOOKSTORE. 


The  best  place  in  Boston  for  Orthodox  Congregational  Ministers  to  buy  their  books,  and  the 
store  where  the  largest  and  most  desirable  collection  of  works  in  Theology  and  General  Liter- 
ature may  be  found,  is  at 

CROSBY,  NICHOLS  &  COMPANY'S, 

117  WASHINGTON  STREET,  BOSTON. 

Messrs.  Crosby,  Nichols  &  Co.  desire  particularly  to  call  the  attention  of  Congregationalist 
ministers  to  their  unrivalled  facilities  for  the  supply  of  books  in  ever^epartment  of  Liter- 
ature,— Theological  as  well  as  Miscellaneous.  Being  the  successful  Publishers  of  some  of  the 
most  popular  School  Books  issued  in  this  country  ;  and,  being  engaged  in  the  publishing 
business  generally,  our  relations  with  other  large  publishing  houses  are  such  that  we  are  ena- 
bled to  offer  all  American  Publications  on  the  most  favorable  terms  possible, — in  many  cases 
lower  than  the  publishers'  trade  prices.  Doing  a  very  extensive  wholesale  business,  we  are 
enabled  to  buy  our  stock  in  large  quantities,  thus  having  an  advantage  over  smaller  houses, 
who  do  business  on  a  more  limited  scale. 

Our  stock  is  unusually  full  in  nearly  all  departments  of  literature,  but  we  are,  just  at  this 
time,  giving  particular  attention  to  supplying  all  the  Congregationalist  publications.  "While 
our  scale  of  prices  is  always  graduated  to  suit  the  times,  and  is  certainly  as  low  as  that  of  any 
other  of  our  competitors,  we  shall  continue  to  offer  to  Clergymen  the  most  liberal  induce- 
ments, placing  them,  as  we  deem  it  proper,  on  a  more  favorable  footing  than  our  other  cus- 
tomers. 

We  intend  keeping  the  most  desirable  assortment  of 

STANDARD  XHEOLOGICAL  BOOKS, 

both  English  and  American,  to  be  found  in  the  country.    In  our  stock  are  the  publications 
of  T.   &  T.  Clark,  Edinburgh  ;    Bagster's  Bibles ;  Lexicons  ;  Greek,  English  and  Hebrew 
Concordances  ;  the  issues  of  Bohn,  Robert  Carter,  &c. ;  the  Encyclopedia  Brittanica  and  Ap- 
pleton's  New  American  Encyclopedia. 
We  also  supply  all  the  Reviews : — 

BIBLIOTHECA  SACRA,  LONDON  QUARTERLY, 

CONGREGATIONAL  QUARTERLY,  EDINBURGH, 

AMERICAN  THEOLOGICAL  REVIEW,  BLACKWOOD, 

NEW  ENGLANDER,  ECLECTIC  MAGAZINE, 

WESTMINSTER,  NORTH  AMERICAN,  ETC. 

Among  our  recent  issues  we  would  call  particular  attention  to  the  remarkable  volume  of 
Dr.  Huntington,  entitled 

CHRISTIAN    BELIEVING    AND    LIVING, 

and  Rev.  T.  S.  King's  exquisite  work : 


TTtag  wmYiE  miuL 


9 

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WORCESTER  AND  WEBSTER. 

[From  the  Congregationalist) 

A  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language.    By  Joseph  E.  Worcester,  LL.D. 
Boston  :  Hickling,  Swan  &  Brewer,  1860.     pp.  1,854. 

This  is  a  free  country  in  theory  and  assertion,  and  it  is  so  far  free  in  point  of  fact, 
that  every  man  who  pleases  has  a  right  to  publish  a  book  unmolested — if  he  can  find 
a  publisher,  or  pay  his  own  printer's  bills  ;  always  excepting  Mr.  Helper  and  his  help- 
ers. It  is  nevertheless  true  that  he  who  emits  a  new  dictionary  requires  a  better  jus- 
tification for  his  act  than  he  who  sends  forth  a  new  book  of  almost  any  other  descrip- 
tion, because  the  dictionary  being,  if  needed,  a  greater  blessmg,  is  also,  if  needless,  a 
greater  encumbrance.  Aside  from  all  partizan  feeling  stirred  up  in  the  community 
by  the  zeal  of  conflict  among  the  publishers,  it  is  then  perfectly  natuial  and  necessary 
that  a  volun>eof  the  pretensionsof  thisof  Dr.  Worcester  should  be  examined  carefully,  and 
compared  critically  with  those  already  before  the  public,  and  especially  with  the  work 
of  Dr.  Webster,  which  it  aims  to  excel  and  supplant,  and  of  which  we  are  sorry  to 
see,  in  the  outset,  that  it  takes  no  such  generous  notice  as  a  high-minded  rival  might 
gracefully  and  suitably  take  of  so  illustrious  a  predecessor. 

We  have  not  room  to  print  if  we  had  time  to  write,  nor  would  the  majority  of  our 
subscribers  have  either  leisure  or  desire  to  read,  such  a  thorough  and  elaborate  com- 
parison of  these  two  great  works  as  would  do  complete  justice  to  their  respective 
claims  upon  public  attention  and  use ;  that  must  be  left  to  the  professed  etymologists, 
and  the  Quarterlies.  But  we  propose  such  a  rapid  glance  at  the  two,  in  comparison, 
as  shall  give  some  little  hint  of  our  idea  of  their  similarities,  discrepancies,  and  re- 
spective value  to  the  public. 

Dr.  Worcester  has  the  advantage  in  being  last  out,  and  being  able,  therefore,  to 
make  use  of  the  good  suggestions  of  all  who  have  gone  before,  and  to  arrange  his  mat- 
ter upon  one  homogeneous  plan — making  his  issue,  in  this,  in  some  respects,  more  con- 
venient for  use  than  the  last  edition  of  Webster — where  the  synonyms  are  prefixed, 
and  the  new  words  of  the  last  twelve  years'  gathering  affixed  in  an  appendix ;  though 
this  last  has  a  compensating  advantage  for  the  student  who  desires  to  trace  the  growth 
of  our  tongue,  and  mark  its  chronological  advance.  Dr.  Worcester  has  the  advantage 
also  of  a  slightly  larger  page  and  the  newest  type — though  we  think  the  proportion- 
ing of  the  different  sizes  of  type  between  the  small  capitals  of  the  words,  the  Nonpa- 
reil of  the  definitions,  and  the  Diamond  of  the  examples,  is  more  pleasing  to  the  eye, 
and  more  perspicuous,  upon  the  page  of  Webster.  Dr.  Worcester,  many  will  think, 
has  the  advantage  also  in  distributing  his  pictorial  illustrations  through  the  body  of  the 
work  in  immediate  connection  with  the  words  which  they  illustrate,  instead  of  group- 
ing them  together  in  the  beginning,  as  in  the  "  Pictorial"  Webster ;  while  some,  on  the 
other  hand,  will  find  superior  convenience  for  purposes  of  comparison,  &c.,  in  having 
all  the  plates  together  in  their  classes,  so  that  all  those  which  are  architectural,  or  me- 
chanical, &c.,  &c.,  can  be  seen  side  by  side,  and  almost  with  a  single  glance  of  the  eye. 
But  the  fairest  way  to  arrive  at  some  just  judgment  of  the  comparative  value  of  the 
two  dictionaries,  is  to  examine  them  in  some  of  their  principles  and  details. 

1.  Orthography.  Dr.  Webster's  great  principle  in  regard  to  this  was  that  the  ten- 
dency of  our  language  toward  greater  simplicity  and  uniformity  ought  to  be  favored 
in  all  proper  ways.  He  therefore  rejected  the  u  from  such  words  as  favour,  labour,. 
&c. ;  the  second  consonant  from  the  penultimate  syllable  of  words  endinor  with  the 
formatives  ing^  ed,  er,  &e.,  when  the  accent  does  not  fall  on  the  last  syllable  of  the. 
(Adv.)  B 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

word — as  henejiting  instead  of  bene/iuing,  &c.,  &c. ;  changed  the  c  to  s  in  the  last  syl- 
lable of  such  words  as  expense,  license,  &c.  &c. ;  and  changed  the  position  of  the 
final  e  in  such  words  as  centre,  metre,  &c.,  making  them  center,  meter,  &c.  These  are 
the  main  changes  in  the  spelling  of  words  on  which  he  insisted  ;  he  himself  virtually 
abandoning  certain  other  changes  which  he  had  proposed,  in  accordance  with  his  own 
theories  of  Etymology,  after  finding  that  they  could  never  win  the  suffrages  of  the 
users  of  the  language.  The  position  of  his  last  Dictionary,  as  now  before  the  public 
from  the  hands  of  Prof.  Goodrich  is,  on  this  subject,  that  of  the  great  mass  of  those  who 
use  the  English  tongue,  and  that  toward  which  all  things  tend. 

!Nor  does  Dr.  Worcester  largely  differ  from  him.  He  too  drops  the  w  from  favour, 
labour,  &c.,  and  the  second  t  from  benejiling,  &c. ;  changes  expence  to  expense,  but 
still  holds  out  on  centre,  metre,  and  other  words  of  that  description.  On  the  whole,  we 
are  unable  to  see  wherein  there  is  any  important  diff'erence  between  the  two ;  certain- 
ly there  is  no  such  advance  or  improvement  in  Worcester  over  Webster,  as  to  give 
the  manual  of  the  former  any  claim,  in  this  particular,  over  that  of  the  latter  before  the 
American  public. 

2.  Pronunciation.  Here  Dr.  Worcester  has  sought  to  go  beyond  Dr.  Webster 
in  the  nicety  and  thoroughness  of  his  apparatus,  having  marked  in  his  "  key"  seven  dif- 
ferent sounds  of  o,  (three  more  than  Webster) ;  ^re  sounds  of  e  (three  more  than 
Webster)  ;  five  of  i  (two  more  than  Webster) ;  six  of  o  (one  more  than  Webster)  ; 
six  of  M  (three  more  than  Webster)  ;  and  four  of?/.  These  shadowy  sounds  thus  no- 
ted, unquestionably  exist,  and  demand  recognition  in  a  treatise  on  enunciation ;  but 
■we  very  much  question  whether  it  is  not  more  nice  than  wise  to  encumber  the  run- 
ning key  to  the  sounds  of  words  in  a  dictionary  for  the  masses  of  the  people,  with 
characters  intended  to  suggest  "  intermediate"  and  "  obtuse"  sounds  of  the  vowels.  We 
doubt  if  any  body  will  be  aided  to  pronounce  acid  by  printing  the  c  with  a  cedilla  un- 
der it,  or  to  pronounce  acidijier,  by  a  dot  under  the  a,  to  indicate  that,  in  that  con- 
nection, it  has  the  "obscure"  sound.  To  be  of  much  general  practical  value,  as  an  aid 
in  pronunciation,  such  arbitrary  marks  of  the  notation  of  sounds"  should  be  so  few  in 
number  as  to  suggest  that  (when  seen)  they  mean  something,  and  not  so  frequent  as 
to  lead  the  careless  reader  to  imagine  them  mere  printer's  flourishes. 

As  to  the  manner  in  which  words  are  pronounced,  we  discern  no  marked  advance 
in  Worcester  over  Webster.  While  the  fact  that  there  is  no  disputing  about  tastes  re- 
mains, it  will  remain  true  that  there  will  be  variety  even  in  reputable  usage,  in  the 
pronunciation  of  many  words.  Take  either  and  neither  :  some  will  be  led  by  the  de- 
sire to  avoid  the  appearance  of  singularity,  or  by  the  preference  of  youth,  or  imagined 
euphony,  to  call  them  ether  and  nether ;  while  others  will  be  seduced  by  the  seeming 
increase  in  the  earnestness  of  their  uttered  antithesis,  or  by  fancy  for  recent  English 
usage,  to  say  ither  and  nilher ;  and,  we  take  it,  both  are  right. 

3.  Definition.  We  here  approach  the  great  use  of  a  dictionary.  We  can  get 
along  very  well  in  this  world  for  all  its  mispronunciations ;  but  it  is  of  great  conse- 
quence to  remove  its  perpetual  misunderstandings — in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  perhaps, 
arising  from  misconception  of  the  real  meaning  of  words  used  in  speech  and  writing. 

In  this  matter  of  definition  Dr.  Worcester  has  labored  under  the  great  disadvantage 
that  Dr.  Webster — with  his  wonderful  analytical  skill  and  his  vast  erudition — had 
gone  before  and  affixed  to  the  words  in  the  English  language  about  the  best  definitions 
which  can  be  given  them,  and  so  has  compelled  him  to  construct  inferior  ones,  in  or- 
der to  maintain  the  originality  of  his  own  work.  And  we  have  been  greatly  struck 
with  the  manifest  effect  of  this  constant  necessity  upon  Dr.  Worcester's  labors.  Take 
one  or  two  examples  to  illustrate  what  we  mean.     And  take   words  which  would  nat- 


Co7igregaiional  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


urally  call  forth  the  best  powers  of  the  defining  mind, 
the  two  to  the  y^ordi  faith: 


Look  at  the  definition  given  by 


1. 


WORCESTER. 

Fidelity;    faithfulness; 


truth- 


fulness ;  truth ;  constancy. 

The  faith  of  God.— Kow.  iii :  3. 

The  word  faith  always  contains  in  it  the 
notion  of  faithfulness  and  fidelity. — 
Clarke. 

My  other  self,  the  partner  of  my  life. 

Whose  failing,  while  her  faith  to  me  re- 
mains, 

I  should  conceal. — Milton. 

2.  A  voluntary  assent  of  the  un- 
derstanding, founded  on  authority, 
to  a  system  or  series  of  propositions, 
and  not  to  one  insulated  fact. 

Faith  is  generally  of  a  practical  nature. 

Whniely. 

3.  The  doctrines  or  tenets  believ- 
ed ;  a  system  of  doctrines  or  religious 
truth  ;  creed. 

One  Lord,  one  faith,  one  baptism. — Eph. 
iv:  5. 

4.  Word  of  honor;  promise;  en- 
gagement. 

I  have  been  foresworn. 

In  breaking  faith  with  Julia,  whom  I  loved. 

Shnk, 

5.  (Theol.)  Trust  in  God,  accom- 
panied with  belief  in  revelation;  trust 
in  Christ  as  a  Saviour. 

Now  faith  is  the  substance  of  things  hoped 
for,  &,c.—Heb.  xi :  1. 

Faich  is  that  conviction  upon  the  mind  of 
the  truth  of  the  promise  and  threatenings 
of  God  made  known  in  the  Gospel  ;  of  the 
certain  reality  of  the  rewards  and  pun- 
ishments of  the  life  to  come,  which  ena- 
bles a  man,  in  opposition  to  all  the 
temptations  of  a  corrupt  world,  to  obey 
God,  in  expectation  of  an  invisible  re- 
ward hereafter.— Dr.  T.  Clarke. 

[Cp=' Faith   is   sometimes    used    in 
conversation,  interjectionally,  to  sig- 
nify on  mtj  faith,  in  truth,  verily. 
Faith,  like  enough — Beau.  &  Fl. 
Or  do  the  prints  or   papers   lie  ? 
i'aitb,  sir,  you  know  as  much  as  1.— Swift. 


WEBSTER. 

1.  Belief;  the  assent  of  the  mind  to  the  truth  of 
what  is  declared  by  another,  resting  on  his  authority 
and  veracity,  without  other  evidence  ;  the  judgment 
that  what  another  states,  or  testifies,  is  the  truth.  I 
have  strong  faith,  or  no  faith,  in  the  testimony  of  a 
witness,  or  in  what  a  historian  narrates. 

2.  The  assent  of  the  mind  to  the  truth  of  a  propo- 
sition advanced  by  another  ;  belief,  on  probable  evi- 
dence of  any  kind. 

3.  In  theology,  the  assent  of  the  mind  or  under- 
standing to  the  truth  of  what  God  has  revealed.  Sim- 
ple belief  of  the  Scriptures,  of  the  being  and  perfec- 
tions of  God,  and  of  the  existence,  character  and  doc- 
trines of  Christ,  founded  on  the  testimony  of  the  sa- 
cred writers,  is  called  historical  or  speculative  faith  ; 
a  faith  little  distinguished  from  the  belief  of  the  exis- 
tence and  achievements  of  Alexander  or  of  Cesar. 

4.  Evangelical,  justifying,  or  saving  faith,  is  the 
assent  of  the  mind  to  the  truth  of  divine  revelation, 
on  the  authority  of  God's  testimony,  accompanied  with 
a  cordial  assent  of  the  will  or  approbation  of  the  heart ; 
an  entire  confidence  or  trust  in  God's  character  and 
declarations,  and  in  the  character  and  doctrines  of 
Christ,  with  an  unreserved  surrender  of  the  will  tohis 
guidance,  and  dependence  on  his  merits  for  salvation. 
In  other  words,  that  firm  belief  of  God's  testimony 
and  of  the  truth  of  the  gospel,  which  influences  the 
will,  and  leads  to  an  entire  reliance  on  Christ  for  sal- 
vation. 

Being  justified  by  faith.  Rom.  5. 

Without  faith  it  is  impo.ssible  to  please  GoA.—Hth.  11. 

For  we  walk  by  faith,  and  not  by  sight  — 2  Cor.  5. 

AVith  the  heart  man  believeth  to  righteousness. — Rom.  10. 

The  faith  of  the  gospel  is  that  emotion  of  the  mind,  which  is 
called  trust  or  confidence,  exercised  toward  the  moral  char- 
acter of  God,  and  particularly  of  the  Saviour.— -D«'ig-/i<. 

Faith  is  an  atfectionate  practical  confidence  in  the  testimony 
of  God. — /.  Halves. 

Faith  is  a  firm,  cordial  belief  in  the  veracity  of  God,  in  all  the 
declarations  of  his  word  ;  or  a  full  and  affectionate  confi- 
dence in  the  certainty  of  those  things  wliich  God  has  declar- 
ed, and  because  he  has  declared  them.— X.  Woods. 

5.  The  object  of  belief;  a  doctrine  or  system  of 
doctrines  believed ;  a  system  of  religious  truth  re- 
ceived by  Christians. 

They  heard  only,  that  he  who  persecuted  us  in  times  past, 
now  preacheth  the  faitb  which  once  he  destroyed,— Ga/,  1. 

6.  The  promises  of  God,  or  his  truth  and  faithful- 
ness. 

Shall  their  unbelief  make  the  faith  of  God  without  effect  ? 
—Rom.  3. 

7.  An  open  profession  of  gospel  truth. 

Tour  faith  is  spoken  of  throughout  the  whole  world.— Bo?n.  1. 

8.  A  persuasion  or  belief  of  the  lawfulness  of 
things  indifferent. 

Hast  thou  faith  ?    Have  it  to  thyself  before  Goi.— Rom.  14. 

9.  Faithfulness ;  fidelity  ;  a  strict  adherence  to 
duty  and  fulfillment  of  promises. 

Her  failing,  while  her  faith  to  me  remains, 

I  would  conceal. — Milton. 

Children  in  whom  is  no  faith. — Deut.  32. 

10.  Word  or  honor  pledged  ;  promise  given  ;  fidel- 
ity.    He  violated  his  plighted  faith. 

For  you'alone 
I  broke  my  fiiith  with  injured  Palamon. — Dryden. 

11.  Sincerity ;  honesty  ;  veracity  ;  faithfulness. 
We  ought,  in  good  faith,  to  fulfill  all  our  engage- 
ments. 

12.  Credibility  or  truth.     [Unusual.] 
The  faith  of  the  foregoing  narrative. — Milford. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


No  intelligent  mind,  it  seems  to  us,  can  fail  to  be  struck  with  the  difference  between 
these  two  definitions — the  one  feeble,  jejune,  incomplete  ;  the  other  philosophical,  ex- 
haustive, and  thoroughly  illustrated. 

Take,  again,  the  word  soul. 


WEBSTER. 

1.  The  spiritual,  rational,  and  immortal  substance 
in  man,  which  distinguishes  him  from  brutes ;  that 
part  of  man  which  enables  him  to  think  and  reason, 
and  which  renders  him  a  subject  of  moral  government. 
The  immortality  of  the  soul  is  a  fundamental  article 
of  the  Christian  system. 
Such  is  the  nature  of  the  human  soul,  that  it  must  have  a  God, 

an  object  of  supreme  affection. — /.  EJivards. 

2.  The  understanding  ;  the  intellectual  principle. 
The  eyes  of  our  sonls  theu  only  begin  to  see,  when  our  bodily 

eyes  are  closing. — Law. 

3.  Vital  principle. 
Thou  sun,  of  this  great  world  both  eye  and  soul — Milton. 

4.  Spirit ;    essence  ;  chief  part  ;    as,   charity,   the 
soul  of  all  the  virtues. 
Emotion  is  the  soul  of  eloquence. — E.  Porter. 

5.  Life  ;  animating  principle  or  part ;  as,  an  able 
commander  is  the  soul  of  an  army. 

6.  Internal  power. 
There  is  some  soul  of  goodness  in  things  evil. —  Shr>k. 

7.  A  humau  being  ;  a  person.  There  was  not  a 
soul  present.  In  Paris  there  are  more  than  seven 
hundred  thousand  souls.  London,  "Westminster, 
Southwark,  and  the  suburbs,  are  said  to  contain 
twelve  hundred  thousand  souls. 

8.  Aniuial  life. 
To  deliver  their  souls  from  death,  and  to  keep  them  alive  in 

famine. — Ps  33. 

9.  Active  power. 
And  heaven  would  fly  before  the  driving  soul.— i>r2/oi«n. 

10.  Spirit ;  courage  ;  fire  ;  grandeur  of  mind. 
That  he  wants  caution  he  must  needs  confess. 
But  not  a  soul  to  give  our  arms  success. —  Young. 

IL  Generosity  ;  nobleness  of  mind  ;  a  colloquial 
use. 

12.  An  intelligent  being. 
Every  soul  in  heaven  shall  bend  the  knee. — Milton. 

13.  Heart ;  affection. 
The  soul  of  Jonathan  was  knit  with  the  soul  of  David. — 1  Sam. 

18. 

14.  In  Scripture,  appetite ;  as,  the  full  soul ;  the 
hungry  soul.     Prov.  27-     Job  33. 

15.  A  familiar  compellation  of  a  person,  but  often 
expressing  some  qualities  of  the  mind  ;  as,  alas  1  poor 
soul ;  he  was  a  good  soul. 

Take  another  word  of  different  character,  and  notice  the  greater  thoroughness  with 

which,  of  the  two,  "Webster  has  done  his  work  : 

WEBSTER. 

BAIL.  V.  t.  [Fr.  and  Norm,  bniller,  to  deliver,  to 
lease;  Arm.  bahailhat ;  Ar.  hahala ;  Eth.  baleah, 
to  deliver,  free,  liberate,  permit  to  go.] 

1.  To  set  free,  deliver,  or  liberate  from  arrest  and 
imprisonment,  upon  security  given  that  the  person 
bailed  shall  appear  and  answer  in  court.  The  word 
is  applied  to  the  magistrate  or  the  surety.  The  mag- 
istrate bails  a  man.  when  he  liberates  him  from  arrest 
or  imprisonment,  upon  bond  given  with  sureties.  The 
surety  bails  a  person,  when  he  procures  his  release 
from  arrest,  by  giving  bond  for  his  appearance, — 
Iilac/csto7ie. 

2.  To  deliver  goods  in  trust,  upon  a  contract,  ex- 
pressed or   implied,  that  the  trust  shall  be  faithfully 


WORCESTER. 

1.  That  part  of  man  which  is  con- 
sidered distinctly  from  the  material 
body,  as  giving  it  life,  sensibility  and 
understanding  ;  the  immaterial  and 
immortal  part  of  maa  ;  the  mind  ;  the 
spirit. 

The  soul's  immortality. — Heylin. 
Receiving  the  end  of  your  faith,  even  the 
salvation  of  your  souls.— 1  Pet.  i :  9. 

2.  The  vital  or  animating  princi- 
ple ;  heart ;  life. 
The  souls  of  animals. —  Shnk. 
Thou  Sun,  of  this  great  world  both  eye  and 

soul. — Milton. 
So  coldly  sweet,  so  deadly  fair, 
We  start,  for  soul  is  wanting  there. — Byron. 

3.  Principal  or  essential  part ;  es- 
sence ;  spirit. 

The  verv  soul  of  beauty. —  Shak. 

Add  faith. 
Add  virtue,  patience,  temperance  ;  add  love, 
By  name  to  some  called  charity,  the  soul 
Of  all  the  Te&t— Milton. 

4.  Internal  power  or  principle. 
There  i.s  some  soul  of  goodness  in  things 

evil.  — S/mA. 

5.  A  human  being ;  a  person ;  a 
man. 

And  we  were,  in  all,  in  the  ship,  two  hun- 
dred threescore  and  sixteen  souls. — Acts 
xxviii :  37. 

My  life  is  here  no  soul's  concern. —  Sivift. 

6.  An  intelligent  being  ;  an  indi- 
vidual. 
Every  soul  in  heaven  shall  bend  the  knee. 

—Milton. 

7.  Active  power ;  energy. 
Earth,  air  and  seas  thro'  empty  space  would 

roll. 
And   heaven  would  fly  before  the  driving 
soul. — Dryden. 

8.  Spirit ;  fire ;  grandeur  of  mind. 
That  he  wants  caution  he  must  needs  con- 
fess, 

But  not  a  soul  to  give  our  arms  success. — 
"Soung. 

9.  Generosity  ;  kindness  ;  good- 
ness; heart.     [Colloquial.] — Wright. 


WORCESTER. 

BAIL,  V.  a.  [Low  hat.balliare,  to  de- 
liver ;  Fr.  bailler.]  [i.  Bailed  ; 
pp.    Bailing,  Bailed.] 

1.  (Law.)  To  release  on  security 
given  for  appearance  in  court ;  to  ad- 
mit to  bail. — Dlackstone. 

2.  (Law.)     To  give  bail  for. 
Let  me  be  their  bail. 

Thou  shalt  not  bail  them. — Shak. 

3.  (Law.)  To  deliver  in  trust  for 
a  certain  purpose,  as  goods. — Black- 
atone. 

4.  [Fr.   bailie,   a   tub   or  bucket.] 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


To  free  from  water,  with  a  bucket  or      executed  on  the  part  of  the  bailee,  or  person  intrust- 
dipper;  as,  to  bail  a  boat.  ed;  as,  to  bail  cloth  to  a  tailor  to  be  made  into  a  gar- 

ment, or  to  bail  goods  to  a  carrier. — Blackstone. 

3.  To  free  from  water ;  as,  to  bail  a  boat.  This 
word  is  improperly  written  bale.  The  word  is  proba- 
bly the  same  as  bail  in  law,  to  free,  or  liberate,  and  sig- 
nifies to  throw  out  water,  as  with  a  bucket  or  shovel. 

Had  we  space  we  should  like  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  the  difference 
between  the  two  dictionaries  in  their  definitions  of  particles — the  hinges  of  the  lan- 
guage. Webster  gives  twenty-nine  uses  of  the  preposition  to,  besides  a  careful  and 
extended  note  in  which  its  collateral  senses  are  pointed  out ;  Worcester  gives  seven- 
teen, with  an  added  article,  upon  its  infinitive  and  adverbial  use. 

Take  the  word  if,  and  conapare  the  two,  and  see  how  much  the  advantage  is  on  the 
side  of  Webster  in  thoroughness  and  value. 


WORCESTER. 

IF,  conj.  [A.  S.  gif,  the  imperative 
word  of  the  A.  S.  gif  an,  to  give. 
Skinner,  Tooke,  Bosworth.  See 
give.  In  the  cognate  languages, 
this  word  seems  not  to  be  connec- 
ted with  the  verb  to  give,  &c.,  &c. 

1.  Give  or  suppose  that ;  allowing 
that ;  used  as  the  sign  of  condition. 
How  will  the  weather  dispose  of  you  to-mor- 
row ? 

"  If  fair,  (i.  e.,  give  fair  weather)  it  will  gend 
me  abroad  ;  if  foul,  {i.  e.,  give  foul  weath- 
er, it  will  keep  me  at  home."  Or  making 
the  datura  (a  thing  given)  a  sentence, 
thus:  "  If  it  is  fair,"  &c.  "  If  it  is  foul," 
&c.,  the  re-olution  will  be  :  "  It  is  fine 
weather  ;  give  that,  it  will,"  &c. ;  "  It  is 
foul  weather  j  give  that,  it  will,"  &c. — 
Rickardson. 

2.  Whether  or  not. 

She  doubts  if  two  and  two  make  four. — Pri- 


WEBSTER. 

IF,  V.  t.  Imperative,  contracted  from  Sax.  gif,  from 
gifan,  Goth,  giban,  to  give.  It  introduces  a  con- 
ditional sentence.  It  is  a  verb,  without  a  specified 
nominative.  In  like  manner  we  use  grant,  ad- 
mit, suppose.  Regularly,  f  should  be  followed,  as 
it  was  formerly,  by  the  substitute  or  pronoun  that, 
referring  to  the  succeeding  sentence  or  proposition. 
If  that  John  shall  arrive  in  season,  I  will  send  him 
with  a  message.  But  that  is  now  omitted,  and  the 
subsequent  sentence,  proposition,  or  affirmation, 
may  be  considered  as  the  object  of  the  verb.  Give 
John  shall  arrive  ;  grant,  suppose,  admit  that  he 
shall  arrive,  I  will  send  him  with  a  message.  The 
sense  of  if,  or  give,  in  this  use,  is  grant,  admit, 
cause  to  be,  let  the  fact  be,  let  the  thing  take  place. 
If,  then,  is  equivalent  to  grant,  allow, "admit.  "  If 
thou  wilt,  thou  canst  make  me  whole,"  that  is,  thou 
canst  make  me  whole,  give  the  fact,  that  thou  wilt. 

If  thou  art  the  Son  of  God,  command  that  these  stones  be  made 
hTnai.—MaU.  iv  :  3. 


2.     Whether  or  not. 
Uncertain  if  by  augury  or  chance. — Dtyden. 
So,  if  French,  soit  que,  let  it  be  that. 

It  seems  to  us  also  that  in  the  department  of  theological  definition,  or,  more  proper- 
ly, the  definitions  of  the  terms  of  theology.  Dr.  Webster  is  much  more  full,  just  and 
accurate  than  Dr.  Worcester.  The  latter  not  unfrequently  satisfies  himself  with  a 
definition  which  is  purely  secondary  and  technical,  and  gives  no  clue  to  the  real  mean- 
ing of  the  word.     Compare  the  two,  on  the  word  Arminian. 


WORCESTER. 

ARMINIAN,  n. 

A  follower  of  James  Arminius,  a 
native  of  Holland,  whose  system  of 
religious  doctrines  was  opposed,  on 
several  points,  to  that  of  Calvin. 


WEBSTER. 

ARMINIAN,  n. 

One  of  a  sect  or  party  of  Christians,  so  called  from 
Arminius,  or  Harmansen,  of  Holland,  who  flourished 
at  the  close  of  the  16th  century  and  beginning  of  the 
17th.  The  Arminian  doctrines  are,  1.  Conditional 
election  and  reprobation,  in  opposition  to  absolute 
predestination.  2.  Universal  redemption,  or  that 
the  atonement  was  made  by  Christ  for  all  mankind, 
though  none  but  believers  can  be  partakers  of  the  ben- 
efit. 3.  That  man,  in  order  to  exercise  true  faith, 
must  be  regenerated  and  renewed  by  the  operation  of 
the  Holy  Spirit,  which  is  the  gift  of  God  ;  but  that 
this  grace  is  not  irresistible,  and  may  be  lost ;  so  that 
men  may  relapse  from  a  state  of  grace,  and  die  in 
their  sins — Eticye. 


Compare  the  two  on  the  word  Quaker, 


WORCESTER. 

QUAKER,  n. 

1.  One  who  quakes. 

2.  (Eccl.  Hist.)  One  of  a  religious 
sect  which  was  founded  in  England 
by  Geo.  Fox,  about  (he  middle  of  the 
17th  century  ;  a  Friend. 


WEBSTER. 

QUAKER,  n. 

One  that  quakes  ;  but  usually  one  of  the  religious 
sect  called  Friends.  This  name,  Quaker,  is  said  to 
have  been  given  to  the  sect  in  reproach,  on  account  of 
some  agitations  which  distinguished  them  ;  but  it  is 
no  longer  appropriated  to  them  by  way  of  reproach. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser, 

We  are  sorry  to  see,  also,  in  the  definitions  of  such  words  as  atonemerit,  justification^ 
regeneration^  &c.,  &c.,  some  failure,  on  the  part  of  Dr.  Worcester,  to  recognize  that 
full  breadth  of  meaning  which  they  have  in  the  usage  of  the  Church,  and  which  Dr. 
Webster  has  invariably  given  them. 

4.  PiCTOUiAL  Illustrations.  These  are  costly,  but  useful  additions  to  a  dic- 
tionary. For  example,  no  language  can  give  an  uninstructed  person  so  vivid  an  idea 
of  a  ship,  in  whole  and  in  all  its  parts,  as  a  good  drawing  properly  explained  will  rea- 
dily do.  In  this  pictorial  department,  from  the  announcements  which  heralded  its 
publication,  we  were  led  to  expect  much  from  this  work  of  Dr.  Worcester.  We  are 
free  to  say  that  we  have  been  grievously  disappointed,  and  that — save  the  single  point 
of  having  its  illustrations  distributed  through  the  volume  (which  some  may  prefer) — it 
seems  to  us  far  inferior  in  this  particular  to  the  last  edition  of  Webster.  As  to  com- 
parative number,  Webster  has  about  1500,  and  Worcester  not  far  from  961.  But  we 
are  of  opinion  that  for  increase  in  the  perspicuity  of  definitions,  and  for  real  practical 
value,  the  pictorial  department  of  Webster  is  decidedly  superior  to  that  of  AVorcester. 
Indeed,  in  some  classes  of  illustrations,  AVorcester  makes  no  attempt  to  equal  the  ex- 
cellence of  Webster. 

Take,  for  illustration,  the  nautical  department,  to  which  allusion  was  made  above. 
Webster  has  devoted  fifty-five  elegant  illustrations  to  the  unfolding  of  its  intricacies, 
besides  a  fine  picture  of  a  ship,  so  lettered  and  explained  as  to  convey,  at  a  glance,  to 
an  intelligent  landsman,  the  whole  mystery  of  its  parts,  from  false  keel  to  truck,  and 
from  flying  jib  to  mizzen  spanker.  The  terms  Aback,  Anchor,  Baggala,  Bark,  Bin- 
nacle, Brig,  Catamaran,  Capstan,  Cleat,  Compass,  Coracle,  Cross-trees,  Cutter,  Davit, 
Felucca,  Figure-Head,  Frigate,  GafF,  Galiot,  Galley,  Garookah,  Gay-Diang,  Gondola, 
Grapnel,  Jangada,  Junk,  Keelson,  Ketch,  Lateen,  Life-Boat,  Lugger,  Main-Top, 
Patile,  Pattemar,  Pinnace,  Pirogue,  Pointers,  Proa,  Rowlock,  Sails,  Samson's-Post, 
Schooner,  Settee,  Shore,  Shrouds,  Sloop,  Smoke-Sail,  Snatch-Block,  Stay,  Tartan, 
Transom  and  Xebec,  together  with  the  names  of  all  the  sails,  &c.,  &c.,  are  thus  made 
clear  to  the  comprehension,  as  they  never  could  be,  if  they  were  not  made  clear  to  the 
eye.  Of  all  these — if  we  have  examined  correctly — Dr.  Worcester  pictorially  illus- 
trates only  these  three,  viz  :  Capstan,  Compass  and  Davit ;  three  which  needed  it  as 
little  as  any  that  could  possibly  have  been  selected  !  Webster,  we  notice  also.  In  the 
Departments  of  Heraldry,  Inserts  the  coats-of-arms  of  Austria,  Brazil,  Chili,  Denmark, 
Columbia,  France,  England,  Greece,  Guatemala,  Haytl,  Ireland,  Mexico,  Monte 
Video,  the  Netherlands,  New  Grenada,  Nicaraugua,  Norway  and  Sweden,  Peru,  Por- 
tugal, Prussia,  Rome,  Russia,  St.  Salvador,  Saxony,  Scotland,  Spain,  Switzerland,  the 
United  States,  and  of  each  of  the  States  of  the  United  States — all  with  their  legends, 
and  a  translation  of  the  same  into  English,  together  with  116  additional  plates  illus- 
trating the  terms  of  heraldry  ;  while  we  have  searched  Dr.  Worcester's  volume  in 
vain  for  anything  of  the  description  of  the  former,  and  have  seen  but  very  few  illus- 
trations of  the  latter. 

It  seems  to  us  that  In  Architectre,  Mechanics,  Plants  and  Quadrupeds,  Webster's 
illustrations  are  much  more  full,  useful  and  beautiful  than  those  given  by  Worcester, 
while  In  Mythology  the  former  gives  us  47  elegant  cuts,  and  the  latter  gives  not  one. 
Mereover,  we  could  not  help  feeling,  In  carefully  examining  Worcester's  engravings, 
from  the  beginning  of  the  Dictionary  to  the  end,  that  they  were  not  so  much  for  real 
use  In  defining,  as  for  purposes  of  collateral  Interest.  Of  the  961,  if  we  have  counted 
rightly,  near  200  are  birds'  heads  peering  out  from*  the  page,  and  each  counting  one 
illustration,  at  slight  expense  of  design  or  execution,  but  adding  very  little  to  the  real 
perspicuity  of  the  work.  Turn,  for  example,  to  the  word  Merops,  and  we  find  It  de- 
fined— a  genus  of  birds  of  the  family  Meropidos,  and  against  it  in  the  margin  a  bird's 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

head  and  bill,  labelled  Merpos  apiaster.  All  of  whicli  conveys  to  our  mind  no  very 
clear  or  valuable  idea  that  we  should  not  have  gained  as  well  without  the  "  illustra- 
tion." About  one-fifth  of  all  Dr.  Worcester's  "  illustrations"  are  of  exactly  this  char- 
acter, while  he  has  hardly  one  to  elucidate  those  really  complicated  terms  of  the  sea, 
which  are  eminently  susceptible  of  being  pictorially  made  clear. 

5.  Synonyms.  A  good  deal  has  been  said  to  the  public  of  late  about  "getting  the 
best "  in  waiting  for  Worcester,  because  it  was  to  be  so  far  ahead  of  all  competitors  in 
the  matter  of  synonyms — which  is  really  a  very  important,  though  much  neglected 
part  of  a  lexicographer's  work.  We  accordingly  opened  Dr.  Worcester's  volume  with 
hightened  expectation  of  the  treasures  to  be  found  garnered  there  in  this  department. 
We  found  quite  the  old  story,  even  the  old  books  repeated — especially  Piatt's,  whose 
work  re-appears  verhatim  in  paragraph  after  paragraph,  and  paragraph  after  para- 
graph. Dr.  Worcester  seldom  seems  even  to  have  attempted  to  give  a  thoroughly 
philosophical  analysis  of  the  meaning  of  resemblant  words,  which  is  the  only  true  way 
of  indicating  the  sense,  value  and  scope  of  synonyms,  but  has  been  content  to  repeat 
the  old  method  of  arranging  together  a  few  specimens  of  the  ordinary  use  of  terms 
which  resemble  each  other,  and  so  leave  the  reader  thence  to  infer  the  proper  appli- 
cation of  each.  Very  different  was  the  method  of  Dr.  Goodrich  in  preparing  the  syn- 
onyms prefixed  to  the  last  edition  of  Webster.  The  attempt  has  there  been  made 
(and  with  very  gratifying  success)  to  discriminate  exactly  between  the  nice  etymolof- 
ical  shades  of  sense  which  play — like  the  lights  and  shades  of  an  April  day — over  the 
surface  of  a  group  of  words  of  kindred  import.  Such  discriminations — made  with  sin- 
gular tact  and  truth  in  six  or  seven  hundred  diflerent  instances — become  a  feature  of 
"  Webster's  Unabridged,"  which  has  greatly  increased  its  value  to  the  true  student, 
and  which  Dr.  Worcester  has  in  no  important  degree  approached. 

The  diff'erence  between  the  two  will  be  best  illustrated  by  one  or  two  examples, 
taken  entirely  at  hap-hazard.     Take  the  word  appreciate. 

WORCESTEK.  WEBSTER. 

Appreciate.  Sijn.  See  Estimate.  Appreciate,  Estimate,  Esteem. 
Estimate.  Nyw.  Persons  and  things  Appreciate  (from  ad  and  pretiuin,  price)  lies  be- 
are  estimated  according  to  their  sup-  tween  the  two.  As  compared  with  "  estimate,"  it 
posed  worth  or  value.  Estimate  the  supposes  a  union  of  sensibility  with  judgment,  pro- 
expense  of  building  ;  rate  or  prize  the  ducing  a  nice  and  delicate  perception.  As  compared 
value  of  land  or  houses  ;  compute  the  with  "  esteem,"  it  denotes  a  valuation  of  things  ac- 
loss  or  gain  ;  appreciate  the  charac-  cording  to  their  appropriate  and  distinctive  excel- 
ter  or  motives.  A  man  is  estimated  lence,  and  not  simply  their  moral  worth,  'thus,  with 
for  good  qualities  ;  and  estimated  ac-  reference  to  the  former  of  these  (delicate  perception) 
cording  to  his  character,  worth,  either  an  able  writer  says  :  "  women  have  a  truer  apprecia- 
favorable  or  otherwise.  tion  of  character  than  men  ;"  and  another  remarks  : 

"  it  is  difficult  to  appreciate  the  true  force  and  dis- 
tinctive sense  of  terms  which  we  are  every  day  using." 
So,  also,  we  speak  of  the  difference  between  two 
things,  as  sometimes  hardly  appreciable.  With  ref- 
erence to  the  latter  of  these  senses  (that  of  valuation 
as  the  result  of  a  nice  perception)  we  say  :  "  it  re- 
quires a  peculiar  cast  of  character  to  appreciate  the 
poetry  of  Wordsworth  ;"  "  he  who  has  no  delicacy 
himself,  cannot  appreciate  it  in  others ;"  "  the 
thought  of  death  is  salutary  because  it  leads  us  to  ap- 
preciate worldly  things  aright." 

Appreciate  is  much  used  in  cases  where  something 
is  in  danger  of  being  overlooked  or  undervalued  ;  as 
when  we  speak  of  appreciating  the  diffiulties  of  a  sub- 
ject, or  the  risk  of  an  undertaking.  So  Lord  Plunk- 
ett,  referring  to  an  "  ominous  silence"  which  prevail- 
ed among  the  Irish  peasantry,  says  :  "  If  you  knew 
•  how  to  appreciate  that  silence,  it  is  more  formidable 
than  the  most  clamorous  opposition."  In  like  man- 
ner, a  person  who  asks  some  favor  of  another,  is  apt 
to  say  :  "I  trust  you  will  appreciate  my  motives  in 
this  respect."  Here  we  have  the  key  to  the  very  fre- 
quent use  of  the  word. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  appreciate  looks 
on  the  favorable  side  of  things.  "We  never  speak  of 
appreciating  a  man's  faults,  but  his  merits.  This  idea 
of  regarding  things  favorably,  appears  more  fully  in 
the  word  "  appreciative  ;"  as  when  we  speak  of  an 
appreciative  audience,  or  an  appreciative  review  ; 
meaning  one  that  manifests  a  quick  perception  and  a 
ready  valuation  of  excellence. 

So  take  the  word  profuse. 

•WORCESTER.  -WEBSTER. 

Profuse.     Syn.     See    Extra v A-         Profuse,  Lavish,  Prodigal. 
GANT.  Profuse  (from  pro  and  fundo,  to  pour  forth)  denotes 

Extravagant.  Syn.  The  cxtrav-  pouring  out  (as  money,  .Src,)  with  great  fullness  or 
agant  man  spends  his  money  without  exuberance  ;  as,  profuse  in  his  expenditures,  thanks, 
reason;  the  prodigal,  in  excesses;  promises,  &c.  Lavish  (supposed  by  Richardson  to  be 
the  extravagant  man  errs  more  in  the  from  lave,  to  draw  out  or  exhaust)  is  stronger,  imply- 
quality,  the  profuse  more  in  the  quan-  ing  unnecessary  or  wasteful  excess  ;  as,  lavish  of  his 
tity,  of  his  expenses.  Profuse  in  en-  bounties,  favors,  praises,  &c.  Prodigality  (from  prod- 
tertainments  ;  lavish  in  bestowing  igus,  wasteful)  is  stronger  still,  denoting  unmeasured 
favors,  or  in  expenses  ;  wasteful  man-  or  reckless  profusion  ;  as,  prodigal  of  one's  strength, 
agement  ;  irregular  habits  ;  wild  life  or  blood  to  secure  some  object. 
schemes.  Oh  liberty,  thou  goddess  heavenly  bright, 

Profuse  of  bliss,  and  pregnant  with  delight — Addison. 
The  dame  has  been  too  lavish  of  her  feast, 
And  fed  him  till  he  loalhs — Rowe. 
Here  patriots  live  who,  for  their  country's  good. 
In  fighting  fields  were  prodigal  of  blood — Dryden. 

If  our  space  would  serve,  we  could  give  a  multitude  of  instances,  like  these,  where 
Worcester's  synonyms  seem  to  us  to  bear  no  comparison  in  real  value  to  those  given 
in  the  last  edition  of  Webster  ;  and  are  in  no  sense  original,  nor  any  advance  what- 
ever, in  accuracy  or  fullness,  over  those  common  in  manuals  devoted  to  this  branch  of 
the  great  science  of  words. 

6.  Appendixes,  &c.  Both  Worcester  and  Webster  have  appended  pronouncing 
vocabularies  of  classical,  and  of  Scripture  Proper  Names  ;  of  Modern  Geographical 
Names;  of  the  Names  of  Distinguished  Individuals  of  Modern  Times,  and  of  Abbrevi- 
ations, &c.,  used  in  writing  and  printing ;  with  a  collection  of  words,  phrases  and  quo- 
tations from  the  dead,  and  principal  foreign  languages.  To  these  Webster  adds  a  very 
valuable  table,  giving  the  peculiar  use  of  words  and  terms  in  the  Bible  ;  while  it  is 
entitled,  also,  to  the  pre-eminence  in  the  time  of  introduction  of  some  of  those  tables 
now  common  to  both.  Particularly  is  this  true  of  the  table  of  the  pronunciation  "  of 
the  names  of  distinguished  individuals  of  all  countries  of  modern  times."  The  last  edi- 
tion of  Webster  introduced  this  as  a  new  feature,  copyrighting  a  table  giving  about 
eight  tlwmand  such  names — each  with  its  pronunciation  indicated  through  a  re-spelling 
of  the  word  by  the  English  representatives  of  its  true  sounds,  and  each  with  the  coun- 
try of  his  residence  and  his  profession,  or  occupation,  also  noted.  Worcester  now 
gives  us  a  feeble  imitation  of  this  table,  containing  less  than  three  thousand  names,  with 
their  pronunciation  merely  hinted  by  a  division  into  syllables,  and  by  accent,  without 
allusion  to  their  residence,  or  the  character  of  their  employment. 

On  the  whole,  then,  after  a  comparison  of  the  two  Dictionaries  made  with  some  care 
— and  meant  to  be  done  in  all  honesty  and  candor — we  are  of  the  opinion  that,  in  all 
the  great  essentials  which  go  to  make  up  a  really  good  Dictionary  of  the  English  lan- 
guage, and  especially  in  the  matters  of  clear  definition,  apt  illustration  and  sharp_  anal- 
ysis'between  words  that  differ,  Webster's  Unabridged  Pictorial  Dictionary  is  decidedly 
and  largely  superior  to  this  recent  issue  of  Dr.  Worcester  ;  and  will  be  the  purchase 
of  those  who  intelligently  desire  to  "  get  the  best."  We  say  this  in  the  interest  of 
neither  party — and  against  the  prepossession  with  which  we  commenced  our  compari- 
son of  the  two  works — simply  because  we  believe  it  to  be  true,  and  a  truth  which  as 
public  journalists  desiring  the  best  prosperity  of  literature  and  learning  among  us,  we 
should  not  do  right  to  suppress  or  soften. 

Worcester  has  the  following  unauthorized  and  unnecessary  words,  and  the  list  might 
be  greatly  extended  : 

Untenable,  Untriumphable,  Untrowable,  Untrusscd,  Untuckered,  Unuplifted,  Unwormwooded,  Unwisdom, 
Unwearible,  Unwhitewashed,  Unvulgarized,  Unwearuble,  Unquarrelable,  Unquaker,  Unruinable,  Uurenavi- 
gable,  &c,  &c.  Cockneyfy,  Oookee,  Coxcomicality,  Dandyize,  Daiidyling,  Incohereiitific,  Imperiwiggtd,  In- 
tersomnious,  Circumbendibus,  Jiggumbob,  Solumnigate,  Fiddlefadler,  Gnimmatication,  Sapientize,  UVgo- 
tism,  Weisni,  Somuiative,  Perfectionation,  Sententioeity,  Maximize,  Scrimptom,  Solivagous,  Dirt-pie,  Pish- 
pash,  Fiddlede-dep,  Unwappered,  &c.,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 


THE 


Cflugrcgatkial  ^uarterljj  l^bbcrtiscr. 


®b^  ^m  Pamu  §o0fe,  and  §ipm  mtl  Wmxt  §o(jft. 

The  importance  of  the  adoption  of  THE  BEST  Hymn  Book;  that  which  most 
fully  and  conveniently  meets  the  wants  of  Christian  worship,  must  be  evident  to  every 
one  who  reflects  that,  excepting  the  inspired  Volume,  it  is  the  only  book  used  in  the 
services  of  the  sanctuary  ;  that  it  is  used  in  every  service,  and  that  it  provides  the  for- 
mulas for  so  large  a  portion  of  Christian  worship  and  culture.  Certainly  the  Hymn 
Book  exercises  vast  influence  in  the  formation  and  development  of  Christian  charac- 
ter.    The  publishers  respectfully  invite  attention  to 

THE  SABBATH  HYMN  BOOK, 

THE  SABBATH  TUNE  BOOK, 

THE  SABBATH  HYMN  AND  TUNE  BOOK, 

For  the  Service  of  Song  in  the*House  of  the  Lord, 

By  EDWARDS  A.  PARK,  T),If.,  AUSTIN  PHELPS,  D.D.,  and 
LO^^'ELL  ]\L\SOX,  Doctor  of  ISIusic. 

Pnblished  by  3IAS0N  BROTUERS,  5  &  7  Mercer  St.  New  York. 

This  series  is  now  complete,  and  the  various  editions  of  each  book  afford  facilities 
on  the  one  hand  to  those  who  find  it  necessary  to  consult  economy,  and  on  the  other  to 
those  who  desire  large,  clear  print  and  elegant  bindings.  The  Hymn  Book  is  fur- 
nished, at  retail,  at  prices  varying  from  56i  cents  to  $4.50  each  ;  The  Hymn  and 
Tune  Book  at  from  80  cents  to  $4.50  each.  Each  book  in  the  series  is  complete  in 
itself.  The  Hymn  Book  is  adapted  to  choir  or  congregational  singing,  and  may  be 
used  in  connection  with  any  tune  book.  The  Tune  Book  may  be  used  with  any  hvmn 
book. 

The  very  large  number  of  emphatic  testimonials  to  the  excellence  of  these  books 
from  eminent  sources  in  the  United  States,  the  Canadas,  and  in  England  ;  the  wide 
extent  to  which  they  have  already  been  introduced,  and  the  increasing  satisfaction 
with  which  they  are  used,  afford  abundant  evidence  of  their  great  merit  and  adapted- 
ness  to  the  wants  of  the  churches. 

The  publishers  will  be  glad  to  send  to  any  one  desiring  them,  pamphlets  containing 
full  descriptions  Of  these  books,  with  very  numerous  testimonials  to  their  value. 

PUBLISHED    BY 

MASON  BROTHERS, 

No§.  5  &  7  Mercer  Street,  New  York. 

(Adv.)  A 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 
JUST    ISSUED  : 

Four  New  Volumes  for  the  Teacher's  Library. 

The  Normal ;  or  Methods  of  Teaching  the  Common  Branches,  Orthoepy, 
Orthography,  Grammar,  Geography,  Arithmetic  and  Elocution.  By  Alfred 
Holbrook,  Principal  of  Normal  School,  Lebanon,  Ohio.  456  pp.  12mo.  cloth. 
Price  $1. 

New  Britain,  Dec.  8,  1859. 
Messrs.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Burr: 

Gentlemen  : — I  have  examined  "  The  Normal  "  by  Alfred  Holbrook,  and  am  much  pleased 
with  its  plan  and  object.  In  the  hands  of  inquiring,  thoughtful  teachers  it  must  be  of  much 
service.  It  will  also  be  of  much  use  to  School  Committees  and  others,  in  defining  clearly  the 
scope  of  certain  studios,  and  the  methods  to  be  pursued  in  teaching.  I  will  be  glad  to  see  it 
in  every  Teacher's  Library,  as  well  as  in  the  hands  of  Parents  and  Commissioners. 

Yours,  Respectfully,  DAVID  N.  CAMP,  Principal  of  State  Normal  School, 

Superintendent  of  the  Common  Schools  of  Connecticut. 

The  Higher  Christian  Education.    By  Benjamin  W.  Dwight,  Author 

of  "Modern  Philology."     347  pp.  12uio.  cloth.     Price  $1. 

Lancaster,  Mass.,  Nov.  28,  1859. 
Gentlemen  : — The   Higher   Christian  Education   claims   the   earnest   attention   of   every 
Teacher  who  is  placed  at  the  head  of  an  educational  establishment,  or  who  feels  responsible 
for  the  duties  of  a  Christian  educator,  not  less  than  those  of  a  practical  instructor.    It  forms  a 
valuable  addition  to  your  "  Teacher's  Library."  Yours, 

WM.  RUSSELL,  Professor  of  Elocution, 

and  Author  of  a  series  of  School  Readers. 
Racine,  Wis  ,  Nov.  19,  1859. 
Messrs.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Burr, — The  work  will  fire  any  soul  with  a  love  of  truth,  and  it 
must  do  much  good.     Its  sound  philosophy,  its  common  sense,  its  elegant  diction  and  its 
catholic  spirit,  leave  little  to  be  said  on  the  subject. 

With  Sincere  Respect,  JOHN  G.  McMYNN,  Supt.  of  Racine  Public  Schools. 

Lectures  on  Mental  and  Moral  Culture.     By  Samuel  P.  Bates, 

A.M.,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Meadville,  Penn.     319  pp.  12mo. 

cloth.     Price  $1. 

Easton,  Penn.,  Dec.  15,  1859. 

This  book  is  replete  with  much  useful  and  entertaining  information,  and  no  person  can  rise 
from  a  perusal  of  it  without  being  a  wiser  and  better  man,  if  the  volume  is  read  with  proper 
care.  The  thoughts  are  completely  comprehended  and  distinctly  expressed.  He  understands 
his  subject,  and  he  also  has  the  ability  to  instruct.  The  book  is  commended  to  teachers  and 
parents,  the  former  will  learn  much  from  it  that  may  be  used  in  the  school-room,  and  the  lat- 
ter will  be  stimulated  to  aid  the  teacher.     It  is  a  good  book  on  a  good  subject. 

B.  V.  STERN,  Principal  of  High  School,  Easton,  Pa. 

History  and  Progress  of  Education,  from  the  Earliest  Times  to  the 

Present.  Intended  as  a  Manual  for  Teachers  and  Students.  By  Philobiblius, 
with  an  Introduction  by  Hon.  Henry  Barnard,  LL.D.,  Chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin.     310  pp.  12mo.  cloth.     Price  $1. 

"  The  plan  of  this  work  is  novel  in  our  own  language,  and  has  been  carried  out  with  success. 
The  author  not  only  shows  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  best  sources  of  information,  but 
has  drawn  upon  them  with  good  judgment  and  discrimination.  His  volume  will  furnish  the 
practical  teacher  with  new  standards  of  comparison,  and  thus  with  valuable  suggestions  for 
the  effective  performance  of  his  duties." — New  York  Trihmie. 

The  volumes  now  composing  the  Teacher's  Library  are  eleven  in  number  : 

1.  Page's  Theory  and  Practice  of  Teachinei:, Price  $1  00 

2.  Northend's  Teacher  and  Parent, 100 

3.  Root  on  School  Amnsements,  Gyninastics,  &;c., 100 

4.  Mansfield   on    American    Education, 100 

5.  May  hew  on  Universal  Edncation, 1  00 

6.  DeTocqneville  on  American  Institutions, 1  00 

7.  Davies'  Logic  of  Mathematics, 100 

8.  Holbrook's  Normal  Methods  of  Teaching, 1  00 

9.  Dwi^ht's  Higher  Christian  Education, 1  00 

10.  Bates'  Lectures, 1  00 

1 1 .  History  of  Education, 100 

A  full  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  all  their  publications  forwarded  post-paid  on  application  to 

A.  S.  BARNES  &  BURR,  Publishers, 

51  «&  53  John  Street,  New  York. 


Congregational  Qwirterly  Advertiser. 


SERMONS, 

REVISED    BY    THE    AUTHOR, 


WILL    APPEAR   IN 


twill 


EVERY     \VEEK. 

This  announcement  alone  should  be  sufficient  inducement  to  thousands  to  send 
their  subscriptions. 

The  conductors  of  this  paper  aim  to  make  it  the  most  influential  and  useful 
religious  newspaper  published  in  this  country.  To  this  end  they  employ  an  array 
of  Editors,  Special  Contributors,  Regular  Correspondents,  Miscellaneous  Essayists, 
Commercial  lleporters,  and  other  writers,  each  of  whom  contributes  a  valuable  and 
indispensable  part  of  every  weekly  number. 

In  addition  to  this,  arrangements  aie  now  in  progress  by  which  The  Indepen- 
dent, for  the  coming  year,  will  be  made  still  more  interesting  and  attractive. 

A  wider  range  of  good  reading  will  be  introduced,  and  the  paper  will  be  print- 
ed throughout  with  new  type. 

It  is  intended  that  any  one  of  the  following  departments  of  the  paper,  viz  :  the 
sermons  of 

HENRY 

the  Contributions  of  the 


WABB  BEECHEE, 


the  Poems  of 


Eev.   GEO.   B.   CHEEVER, 
JOHN   G.   WHITTIER, 


the  Commercial  Articles  and  Market  Reports,  Editorial  Articles,  or  the  Family 
Reading,  shall  be  worth  more  than  the  entire  subscription  price  for  one  year. 

We  are  happy  to  announce  that  our  subscription  list  is  increasing  more  rapidly 
than  ever  before,  and  as  a  special  inducement  to  our  readers,  we  will  say,  that  for 
every  two  new  subscribers  sent  us  with  $5,  we  will  credit  the  party  sending  the 
same  with  one  year's  subscription. 

The  friends  of  The  Independent  in  all  sections  of  the  country,  will  favor  the 
cause  in  which  we  are  engaged,  by  using  their  influence  to  extend  our  circulation. 

Terms,  $2  a  year,  in  advance. 
Address 

JOSEPH  H.  RICHARDS,  Publisher, 

No.  5  Beekman  St.,  New  York. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

MASOH    Bl    HAMLIN, 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 

AND 


The  undersigned  respectfully  invite  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  following  facts  in  relation  to  their 
Instruments: 

1st.  Our  Melodeons  and  Ilarmoniums  have  received  the  endorsement  and  preference  of  the  first  musical 
authorities  in  the  country,  among  whom  are  Thalberg,  Mason,  Webb,  Root,  W.  Mason,  Bradbury,  Morgan, 
Baker,  Wetherbee,  AViloox,  Zerrabn,  Bruce,  Satter,  and  Zundel. 

2d.  Having  exhibited  at  twenty-three  Fairs  since  1860,  we  have,  in  ev£RT  instance,  been  awarded  the 
FIRST  PREMIUM,  over  all  competitors. 

3d.  Nearly  TliliKE  IIUNDKED  churches  and  chapels  have  been  furnished  with  our  Organ  Harmoniums, 
all  of  which  have  given  entire  sati.st'action. 

4th.  Upwards  of  THIKTV-FIVE  HUNDRED  of  our  Melodeons  have  been  sold,  all  of  which,  so  far  as 
known  to  us,  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

PRICE    LIST. 

Melodeons,  with  one  set  of  Reeds $60    $75    $100    $110    and    $130 

Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds $130    and    $150 

Organ-Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds  and  two  banks  of  Keys $200 

Harmoniums,  with  six  and  eight  stops $200    and    $250 

Organ-Harmoniums $300    $350    and    $400 

Amongst  the  recent  improvements  introduced  by  us,  we  invite  attention  to  that  of  the  "  TREBLE  FORTE  " 
stop,  which  is  now  applied  to  all  of  our  Melodeons. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  sent  to  any  address  on  application  to 

MASON    &    HAMLIN, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

Depot  in  New  York — Chickeking  &  Sons,  694  Broadway. 

THE   AMERICAN  TRACT   SOCIETY, 

TRACT   HOUSE,   NO.  28    CORNHILL,  BOSTON, 

Have  for  sale  an  Assortment  of  Standard  Religious  Works,  Books  for  Children 
and    Youth,    Also,    English   Bibles,    in  every  variety  of  binding,    Picture   Cards, 

Children's  Tracts,  &c. — The  Society  are  rapidly  increasing  the  list  of  their  publications. 
Fijhj  Tracts  have  already  been  published.  The  Memoir  of  Dr.  liObdell,  late  Mission- 
ary of  the  American  Board,  is  now  ready ;  Also,  The  Sisters,  a  beautiful  book  for  Youth. 
The  subscription  lists  of  THE  TRACT  JOURNAL  and  THE  CHILD  AT  HOME, 

are  daily  increasing.     Orders  and  remittances  should  be  sent  to 

N.  BROUGHTON,  JR.,  Depository  Agent. 
HENRY  HILL,  Treasurer. 

J.  W.  ALVORD,  )  o_„^^„,-,, 
I.  P.  WARREN,  \  ^^'^retaries. 


Massachusetts  Sabbath  School  Society, 

This  Society  has,  for  one  of  its  prominent  objects,  the  circulation  of  good  books  at  the  lowest 
prices.  We  publish  over  1200  excellent  books,  sviitable  for  Sabbath  School  Libraries,  and  add 
to  this  list  about  50  new  volumes  each  year.  We  have  also  on  hand,  or  can  furnish,  a  com- 
plete assortment  of  the  best  books  published  by  the  "Carters,"  the  Presbyterian  Board, 
the  American  Sunday  School  Union,  and  other  Publication  Societies;  Sheldon  &  Blake- 
man,  Henry  Hoyt,  and  other  Sabbath  School  book  publishers. 

We  invite  Clergymen,  Superintendents,  and  all  in  want  of  Theological  and  Sabbath  School 
books,  to  call  at  13  Cornhill,  before  purchasing  elsewhere,  as  we  have  just  adopted  the  plan 
of  making  special  discounts  to  Pastors  andSAHBATii  Schools.  We  are  prepared  to  send 
out  a  full  assortment  of  the  new  books,  carefully  selected,  to  Committees  for  examination, 
with  the  privilege  of  returning  or  exchanging  any  not  wanted. 

MOSES  H.  SARGENT,  Treas.  Mass.  S.  S  Society. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

THE  BOSTON  RECORDER, 

THE     OLDEST     RELIGIOUS     NEWSPAPER     IN     THE     WORLD: 

THE   REPRESENTATIVE   OP 

NEW  ENGLAND  CONGREGATIONALISM    AND  OF  THE  FAITH  OF  THE  PURITANS, 

BUT   NOT   SECTARIAN   IN   ITS   SPIRIT,    NOR   BIGOTED   IN   ITS   ATTACHMENr  TO   FORMS. 

The  Recordeb  is  designed  more  especially  for  New  England  clergymen  and  families,  but  it 
is  adapted  to  interest  all  who  love  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the  fathers  of  New  England, 
wherever  they  may  be  found  in  our  broad  country.  It  is  intended  to  be,  more  strictly  perhaps 
than  any  other  paper  in  the  land,  a  ri'ligioux  journal.  While  it  aims  to  give  literary,  political 
and  other  secular  information  to  an  extent  demanded  in  such  a  paper,  it  takes  no  side  in  party 
politics,  but  endeavors  to  look  at  all  political  questions  in  the  light  of  Scriptural  truth  and 
luiman  obligation  as  decided  by  the  law  of  God  The  religious  newspaper  is  really  a  preacher 
to  all  into  whose  hands  it  comes,  and  the  proprietors  of  the  Recokder  intend  that  the  matter 
it  contains  and  the  manner  in  which  it  is  presented,  shall  be  such  as  to  benefit,  morally  and 
religiously,  all  who  read  it  from  week  to  week. 

The  catholic  spirit  of  the  Recorder  is  a  feature  in  it  to  which  the  proprietors  would  ask 
special  attention.  While  it  is  Congregational  in  its  ecclesiastical  connections  and  preferences, 
it  does  not  forget  that  Christianity  is  larger  than  denomination,  and  it  loies  and  fellowships 
all  who  love  Christ. 

The  Recorder  is  also  in  warm  sympathy  with"  the  great  religious  movements  of  the  day. — 
It  is  the  unflinching  friend  of  our  great  Benevolent  Societies,  and  will  ever  aim  to  preserve 
them  from  unjust  imputations  and  unfounded  suspicions,  and  help  them  on  in  their  heaven- 
appointed  work.  It  will  seek  to  uphold  good  men  in  their  efforts  to  do  good,  while  it  will  be 
faithful  to  point  out  their  errors. 

The  Recorder  gives  particular  attention  to  the  notice  of  new  publications,  and  aims  to  keep 
its  readers  informed  of  all  important  literary  matters. 

In  the  department  devoted  to  the  mothers  and  children  of  the  family,  and  to  those  who  cul- 
tivate the  soil,  the  Recorder  does  not  intend  to  be  surpased  by  any  paper  of  its  kind.  The 
fourth  page  is  made  up  with  great  care,  and  many  facile  and  able  pens  are  employed   upon  it. 

The  terms  of  the  Recorder,  sent  by  mail,  are  .$2.00  a  year,  strictly  in  advance,  or  $'2. 50  at 
the  end  of  the  year.  Any  person  sending  four  names  with  eight  dollars,  shall  receive  a  fifth 
copy  gratis. 

MOORE,  MUNROE  &  CO.,  22  School  Street,  Boston. 


THE  CONGREGATIONAL  HERALD. 


A  Weekly  Religious  and  Family  Newspaper,  edited  by  Congregational  Ministers,  and  pub- 
lished every  Thursday  at  Chicago,  111.  The  only  Congregational  Weekly  west  of  New 
York  City. 

Among  the  stated  and  occasional  contributors  are  most  of  the  leading  Congregationalists  of 
the  West.     The  paper  also  has  able  correspondents  at  the  East. 

While  the  Herald  aims  to  be  a  good  general  Religious  and  Family  paper,  it  is  specially 
valuable  in  meeting  the  local  wants  in  the  West.  It  is  indispensable  to  every  Western  Con- 
gregatiunalist  who  would  keep  himself  fully  advised  of  what  is  transpiring  in  this  vast  portion 
of  our  country.  The  Herald  is  owned  by  an  Association.  Its  net  profits  are  all  pledged  to 
the  Library  of  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary.  The  paper  is  therefore  virtually  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Western  Churches,  and  for  that  reason,  in  addition  to  its  intrinsic  value,  may 
reasonably  expect  from  them  a  cordial  and  generous  support.  The  volume  commences  on  the 
first  of  April. 

TERMS. 

To  Mail  and  office  subscribers $2  00 

Those  who  receive  paper  by  carrier $2.25 

l^p"  All  payments  to  be  made  strictly  in  advance. 

advertisements  inserted  AS  follows. 

One  square  (10  lines  nonpareil,)  one  insertion $1.00 

Each  subsequent  insertion 50 

Three  months 4.00 

Six  months 7.00 

Twelve  months 12.00 

A  reasonable  deduction  to  those  who  advertise  largely.  As  the  Herald  circulates  through 
all  the  Western  States,  it  is  an  excellent  advertising  medium. 

Office  No.  53  La  Salle  St.,  Room  No.  4,  Id  floor. 

[O'  All  communications  whether    designed   for  the   Herald  or  on   business,  should  be 
directed  to  the  "  Congregational  Herald,"  Chicago. 
(Adv.)  a2 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


:piioi^os.a.31.s. 


New  York  Observer  for 


The  importance  of  religious  newspapers  to  sustain  and  extend  the  principles  and 
usages  of  each  denomination  of  Christians,  we  fully  appreciate.  But  there  are  some 
considerations  to  which  we  invite  your  attention  in  favor  of  introducing  the  New 
York  Observer  into  families  that  take  no  religious  paper,  or  are  able  to  add 
another  to  those  now  taken. 


1.  The  New  York  Observer  is  the  largest  and 
cheapest  religious  newspaper  that  is  published. 

2.  It  contains 

TWO    COMPLETE    WEWSPAPERS, 

one  devoted  to  secular,  and  the  other  to  religious 
matters  ;  and  these  may  be  separated  so  as  to  make 
two  complete  journals,  while  ttie  price  for  both  is  no 
greater  tlian  is  charged  for  many  papers  smaller  than 
either  one  of  the  two. 

3.  It  aims  to  promote  good  feeling  among  Chris- 
tians of  all  names,  its  motto  being.  Peace  on  earth 
and  good  will  among  men. 

4.  It  devotes  much  space  and  attention  to  the  ad- 
vancement of 

Revivals  of  Religion, 

and  its  intelligence  is  full,  reliable,  and  interesting 
in  this  department. 

5.  It  is  an  earnest  defender  of  the  great  principles 
of  Protestantism  held  in  common  by  every  Evangeli- 
cal Christian  denomination. 

6.  It  gives  every  week  a  complete  synopsis  of  the 
most  interesting  events  in 

ALL  THE  DENOMIlffATIONS, 

including  those  that  are  called  Evangelical,  and 
those  that  are  not.  as  every  intelligent  Clhristian 
wishes  to  be  well  informed  respecting  all  of  them. 

7.  It  gives  a  well-digested  epitome  of  the 

News  of  the  Day,  Foreign  and  Domestic, 

prepared  with  great  labor  and  care,  so  that  the  reader 
is  sure  to  be  put  in  possession  of  every  event  of  inter- 
est and  importance  to  the  public. 

8.  The 

Foreign  Correspondence 

of  the  Observer  is  unrivalled,  and  has  long  com- 
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errors  and  heresies  which  are  not  supported  by  (he 
Word  of  God  and  the  common  sense  of  mankind. 

1).  It  is  a 

BOND  OF  UNION 
in  Church  and  State,  circulating  in  all  denomina- 
tions and  all  sections,  everywhere  teaching  those 
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the  Word  is  pieuched  in  other  couniries  as  ivi-  1   as 


our  own.  The  sermons  in  foreign  tong-ues  are  trans- 
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EDITORS  AND  PROPRIETORS,  37  Park  Row,  New  York. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

QZr  "  I  pity  those  women  whose  stafl"  is  their  needle,  for  when  they  lean  upon  it,  it  pierces, 
not  their  side,  but  their  heart.  *****!  think  the  needle  has  slain  more  than  the 
sword  of  war."  Henky  Ward  Beecher. 


GEOVER  &  BAKER'S 


Hr  READ   THE  FOLLOWING   TESTIMONIALS.  J^ 

"  Having  had  one  of  Groyek  &  Baker's  machines  in  my  family  for  nearly  a  year  and  a 
half,  1  take  pleasure  in  commending  it  as  every  way  reliable  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
designed — family  sewing." — Mrs.  Joshim  LcavUt,.ivi/e  of  Rev.  Dr.  LeuviU,  Editor  of  the  N. 
Y.  Indepencltut. 


"I  confess  myself  delighted  with  your  sewing  machine,  which  has  been  in  my  family  for 
many  months.  It  has  always  been  ready  for  duty,  requiring  no  adjustment,  and  is  easily 
adapted  to  every  variety  of  tamily  sewing,  by  simply  changing  the  spools  of  thread." — Mrs. 
Elizabeth  IStricklatid,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Utrickland,  Editor  of  the  N,  Y.  Christia7i  Advocate. 


"  I  have  used  a  Groyer  &  Baker  sewing  machine  for  two  years,  and  have  found  it  adapted 
to  all  kinds  of  family  sewing,  from  cambric  to  broadcloth.  Garments  have  been  worn  out 
without  the  giving  way  of  a  stitch.  The  machine  is  easily  kept  in  order,  and  easily  used." — 
Mrs.  A.  B.  Whip2ile,  wife  of  Rev.  Geo.  Whijjjjle,  New  York. 


The  "  Scientific  American,"  Nov.  5th,  1859,  says  :  "  The  machines  manufactured  by  the 
Grover  and  Baker  Sewing  Machine  Company,  are  too  well  known  by  the  public  at  large  to 
need  any  recommendatiou  at  our  Jtiands,  and  we  will  simply  add  thai  we  have  had  one  of  them 
in  our  family  for  some  time  past,  and  it  is  considered  the  most  useful  article  m  the  house,  next 
to  the  cradle,  and  no  less  indispensable  than  that." 


"  Zion's  Herald,"  Nov.  16th,  1859,  says  :  "  "We  would  recommend  to  families  and  to  those 
about  to  organize  a  homestead,  to  be  sure  and  have  a  Family  Bible,  and  also  one  of  Grover  & 
Baker's  HEWING  MACHINES. 


"  It  is  a  beautiful  thing,  and  puts  everybody  into  an  excitement  of  good  humor.  Were  I  a 
Catholic,  I  should  insist  upon  Saints  Gkuver  &  Baker  having  an  eternal  holiday  in  com- 
memoration of  their  good  aeeds  fur  humanity." — Cassius  M.  Clay. 


PRINCIPAL  SALES  ROOMS. 

18  SUMMER  STREET, BOSTON. 

495  BROADWAY, NEW  YORK. 

730  CHESTNUT  STREET, PAILADELPHIA. 

181  BALTIMORE  STREET, BALTIMORE. 

115  LAKE   STREET, CHICAGO. 

118  MONTGOMERY  STREET, .....SAN  FRANCISCO. 

58  WEST  FOURTH  STREET, CINCINNATL 

124  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET, ST.  LOUIS. 


Wew  England  Colony  in  Missouri. 


r-pjw.rti.^'jt>Bi  ■ 


f  New  England  Colony  in  Missouri. 

P  Central  Position.— The  State  of  Missouri  is  in  the  center  of  the  Continent,  in  the  heart 
of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  Mississippi  Valley, — having  an  inland  naviga- 
tion of  unequalled  extent,  and  a  direct  water-borne  connection  with  the  commerce  of  the  world. 
The  Hannibal  H:  St.  Jos.  R.R.  adds  greatly  to  her  advantages,  and  insures  soon  a  connecting 
line  west  to  Pike's  Peak.  The  population,  and  the  immense  transit  of  freight  and  travel  now 
concentrated  on  this  route,  demand  and  will  soon  have  the  cheapness  and  speed  of  steam. 
These  facts  guarantee  this  to'be  the  first  completed  railroad  route  to  the  Pacific. 

The  New  England  Colony,— as  indicated  on  the  map  herewith,  is  located  in  the 
"  Garden  of  the  State"  45  miles  east  of  the  city  of  St.  Joseph,  161  miles  west  of  the  city  of 
Hannibal,  and  260  miles  north-west  from  St  Louis,  with  all  of  which  cities  it  has  a  direct 
railroad  and  telegraphic  connection,  as  also  with  Chicago  and  all  southern  and  eastern  mar- 
kets ;  thus  having  the  advantage  of  them  all  and  the  choice  of  either.  Its  latitude  is  39°  40', 
—Philadelphia  is  40°  N. 

Local  Characteristics. — The  great  majority  of  the  land  is  gently  rolling  prairie,  with 
long  and  beautiful  slopes,  draining  well  without  washing,  and  ready  at  once  for  the  plow. 
Good,  pure  water  is  abundant.  Timber  and  Peaikie  Land  conveniently  alternate  through- 
out, and  farms  combining  any  proportion  of  each  can  be  obtained.  The  Pine  does  not  grow 
here,  but  is  supplied  in  abundance  by  dealers  at  Hannibal,  and  delivered  at  any  point  on  the 
Railroad  at  low  prices  ;  also,  ready-made,  framed  dwellings  costing  from  $100  to  $300,  so  com- 
plete, that,  in  one  week  after  being  delivered  they  can  be  ready  for  occupancy,  by  a  family,  at 
the  Colony.  Quarries  ol  handsome  blue  lime-rock  abound  in  the  beds  and  banks  of  streams, 
— easily  obtained,  and  superior  for  lime  and  other  building  purposes.  Excellent  clay  for  brick 
is  abundant,  and  Bituminous  Coal  is  inexhaustible  in  Northern  Missouri. 

The  Soil  is  a  dark  loam,  very  deep,  rich  and  productive, — free  from  gravel  and  stone,  hav- 
ing a  clay  sub-soil  which,  with  a  rolling  surface,  protects  the  crops  from  the  usual  destructive 
efifects  of  either  a  wet  or  dry  season. 

The  Present  Population  is  sparse,  but  there  are  old  settlers  enough  to  furnish  neces- 
sary supplies  to  new  comers  until  they  produce  for  themselves.  This  is  widely  different  from 
the  inconvenience  of  a  new  country. 

Comparative  Value  of  Land. — The  first  emigrants  to  Missouri  settled  upon  the  mar- 
gin of  the  rivers,  which  then  furnished  the  only  extensive  means  of  transportation  to  distant 
parts  of  the  State.  This  course  of  things  continued  until  the  completion,  in  February,  1859,  of 
the  H.  &  St.  Jos.  R.R.  which  is  206  miles  long,  and  runs  through  the  best  agricultural  portion  of 
the  State.  These  facts  explain  why  a  country,  so  valuable  and  desirable  in  every  respect  now, 
has  remained  to  this  late  day  unimproved. — Improa'ed  Farms  on  the  Missouri  river,  40  miles 
distant,  are  now  valued  at  $30  to  jglOO  per  acre  ;  the  improvements  consist  mostly  in  fences 
and  indifferent  buildings  ;  while  our  lands,  as  rich,  productive,  and  in  many  respects  more  de- 
sirable, can  now  be  bought  on  accommodating  terms  at  $'10  per  acre.  This  difference  in  price 
will  not  long  continue,  for  the  railroad  farms  will  be  deemed,  as  they  are,  the  most  valuable. 

Productions. — Corn  is  the  principal  crop  raised,  and  the  average  yield  is  50  bushels  per 
acre.  Prairie  can  be  broken  and  a  good  crop  of  Sod-corn  secured  if  planted  by  the  middle  of 
June.  Corn  now  sells  at  30  cts.  for  the  New  Orleans  Market.  Spring  and  winter  wheat,  oats, 
rye,  barley,  and  both  common  and  sweet  potatoes  grow  to  perfection. — Hemp  is  a  great  crop, 
and  the  net  profit  is  large. — Tobacco  is  extensively  cultivated,  and  with  great  success. — Fruit. 
The  finest  varieties  are  produced  in  abundance  ;  bearing  orchards  are  secured  in  three  years' 
time. — Grapes  are  indigenous,  and  cultivated  for  wine  with  great  profit. — H.\Y  AND  Stock 
Raising.  Probably  no  part  of  our  extended  country  affords  equal  advantages  for  raising 
stock.  Extensive  ranges  of  the  richest  pasture  abound.  Any  quantity  of  excellent  native 
prairie  hay  can  be  had  by  cutting  and  stacking  it,  without  other  cost ;  foddering  is  confined  to 
3  or  4  months,  and  often  less. — Dairy  Farmers  could  not  desire  a  better  market  for  their 
butter  and  cheese  than  Missouri  presents. — Swine  Raising  is  cheap,  easy  and  profitable ; 
and  a  large  income  can  be  secured  next  Fall  from  pork  by  those  who  go  this  Spring  and  plant 
the  necessary  corn. — Mules  are  easily  raised  in  great  numbers,  with  much  profit ;  command- 
ing for  the  Southern,  Kansas,  Pike's  Peak,  and  California  markets,  large  cash  prices  at  an 
early  age.— Sheep  flourish  finely. — Horses,  especially  of  the  Morgan  and  Black-Hawk 
bloods,  do  well,  and  are  held  in  high  repute  for  all  Western  and  Southern  markets. 

Health.— It  is  a  healthy  country,  and  worthy  of  the  entire  confidence  of  a  New  England 
community,  especially  for  persons  predisposed  to  pulmonary  diseases. 

The  State  and  County  School  Funds  are  estimated  by  an  Ex-Senator,  the  Hon. 
Wm.  Carson,  of  Palmyra,  to  be  worth  over  $5,000,000-  The  School  funds  of  Davies  and 
Caldwell  counties,  in  which  the  Colony  is  located,  are  large,  securely  invested,  and  now  avail- 
able for  first-class  Free  Schools. 

Local  Feeling. — Personal  experience  fully  justifies  me  in  giving  strong  assurance  to  all 
peacefully  disposed  persons,  who  may  desire  to  emigrate  to  Northern  Missouri,  that  sectional 
or  party  prejudice  will  not  interfere  with  their  prosperity  or  independence  of  opinion.  Free 
labonhas  nothing  to  fear. 

Olergvmen,  Phtsici.\ns,  and  others  are  respectfully  requested  to  call  the  attention  of  their  acquaintances 
who  contemplate  jtoing  West,  to  this  Colony,  and  thereby  confer  an  essential  favor  on  all  concerned. 

Information  desired,  in  regard  to  cost  of  Fare  or  Freight  to  Missouri,  by  any  who  wish  to  emigrate,  will  be 
promptly  given  on  application,  and  through  tickets  obtained  at  the  most  favorable  rates. 

[C^  For  further  particulars  apply  to 

April,  1860.  GEO.  S.  HARRIS,  Agent, 

40  STATE  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

References  by  Permission.— Messrs.  J.  E.  Thayer  &  Brother,  Bankers,  Boston;  Messrs.  J.  M.  Forbes 
&  Co  ,  Merchants,  Boston  ;  H.  H.  Hn>NEWELi,  Esq.,  Merchant,  Boston  ;  Hon.  A.  Burlingame,  M.  C,  Boston  ; 
Hon.  James  Craig,  M.  C,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. ;  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  M.  C,  South  Bend,  Ind. ;  Hon.  JusilM 
S.  Morrill,  M.  C,  Strafford,  \t. ;  Key.  I.  P.  Lasgwokthi,  Chelsea,  Mass. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


No.  141  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old  South  Church, 
B  O  S  T  o  3sr. 


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In  addition  to  the  very  large  assortment  of  the  Publications  of  the  UNION,  a  complete 
assortment  of 

ELEeASfT   EFG-I.ISH   BIBLES 

Will  be  kept  constantly  on  hand.     Also  will  be  furnished,  the  Publications  of  the 

AMERICAN  TRACT  SOCIETY, 

The  finely  illustrated  Juvenile  Publications  of  the 

RELIGIOUS    T-RACX    SOCIETY,     LONDON, 
THE  SOCIETY  FOR  PR03I0TING  CHRISTIAN  KNOWLEDGE,  LONDON, 

A   GENEIIAL   ASSORTMENT    OF   THE    ISSUES    OF 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Brothers,  New  York, 
A.  D.  F.  Randolph,  New  York, 
Sheldon  &  Co.,  New  York, 

Messrs.  T.  Nelson  «fe  Sons,  London, 

(Including  their  beautiful  scries  of  Views  aiid  Cards,  in  Oil  Colors,) 

Congregational  Board  of  Publication, 

Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication, 

(Old  and  New  School,) 

The  Evangelical  Knowledge  Society, 

(Protestant  Episcopal,) 

AND  A  GREAT  VARIETY  OF  OTHER  WORKS  SUITABLE  FOR 

PASTOK'S    L9SSK4RI£§,  FAIVIII.IES  A]\D   SUNDAY   SCIIOOJLS, 

Also,  COMMEINTAIVIES,  GREEU.  TESTAMEiXTS  anrt  I.EXlCO]>iS, 

AND   VARIOUS    HELPS   TO   THE    STUDY   OF   THE   BIBLE. 

My  object  is  to  keep 

™  CLASS  RELIGIOUS  BOOK  STORE, 

Containing  the  best  Book;*,  with  the   finest  Engraving,  for  Old  and  Young, 
and  at  the  Lowest   Prices  of  any  to  be  fonnd  in  the  United  States. 


A 


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dents of  this  city  to  make  this  store  their  home  when  in  Boston — whether  you  purchase  or 
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Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

GOULD   &   LINCOLN, 

No.  59  WASHINGTON  STREET,  BOSTON,   Have  Just  Published : 

VOIAME  SECOND  of  THE  PURITANS;  or 

THE  CHURCH,  CCURT  AND  PARLIAMENT  OF  ENGLAND  DURING  THE  REIGNS 
OF  EDWARD  SIXTH  AND  ELIZABETH.  By  Samuel  Hopkins.  Royal  8vo,  cloth.  #250. 
The  first  volume  of  this  great  work  had  a  remarkable  success,  and  by  the  general  voice  of 
the  best  critics,  the  author  is  assigned  a  place  in  the  front  rank  of  American  historians.  The 
Boston  Journal  says  of  him  :  "Many  of  his  admirers  regard  him  as  the  most  promising  can- 
didate among  younger  writers,  to  fill  the  place  in  our  literature  left  vacant  by  the  death  of 
Prescott."  The  second  volume  will  be  found  more  fascinating  than  the  first.  It  combines  the 
charm  of  romance  with  the  truthfulness  of  history. 

LIFE  AND    CORRESPONDENCE    OF  REV.  DANIEL  WILSON,  D  D.,  late  Bishop  of 
Calcutta.     With  jjortraits,  illustrations,  and  a  Map  of  his  Travels.  By  Rev.  Josiah  Bateman. 
Royal  octavo.     Clcth,  #3  00. 

It  will  at  once  take  rank  among  the  best  Memoirs  of  modern  times.  Its  subject  was  a  great 
and  good  man,  a  foremost  leader  among  the  eminent  and  useful  men  of  tin's'  century. .  The 
biographer  has  executed  his  work  with  rare  ability  and  discretion,  and  the  reader  is  brought 
into  acquaintance  with  the  statesmen  and  philanthropists  of  England,  and  with  prominent 
military  oificers  and  civilians  in  India.  Life  in  India,  in  ail  its  wonderful  variety,  is  finely 
portrayed,  both  before  and  during  the  late  mutiny.  The  Christian  will  be  charmed  by  the 
earnest  piety  which  everywhere  pervades  the  volume,  and  the  general  reader  will  be  attracted 
by  its  wonderful  stores  of  information. 

SECOND  EDITION  OF  THE  HISTORICAL  EVIDENCES  OF  THE  TRUTH  OF  THE 
SCRIPTURE  RECORDS,  with  Special  Reference   to  the  Doubts  and  Discoveries  of  Mod- 
ern Times,  by  Geo.  Rawlinson,  M.A.     12ino,  cloth,  $1  25. 
The  sale  of  the  first  large  edition  of  this  work,  in  a  few  days,  attests  the  public  opinion  of 

its  value.     The  voice  of  the  press  is  also  most  ex])licit  in  its  favor. 

"  The  consummate  learning,  judgment  and  general  ability  displayed   by  Mr.  Rawlinson  in 

his  edition  of  Herodotus  are  exhibited  in  this  work  also  " — North  Americon. 

"In  its  application  of  secular  history  to  the  illustration  of  the  sacred  record,  it   po.ssesses 

an  interest  and  value  lor  Biblical  .students  which  can  hardly  be  expressed  in   words.     We  see 

not  how  any  man  of  candor  can  read  this  volume  and  retain  a  doubt  as  to  the  authenticity  of 

the  historical  book'^  of  the  Old  Testament." — Independent. 

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CHRIST  IN  HISTORY.     By  Robert  Turnbull,  D.D.     12mo,  cloth,  #1  25. 

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human  history  by  unfolding  the  true  relation  of  our  Lord  Je.sus  Christ  to  our  world  as  the  Al- 
pha and  Omega,  the  beginning  and  the  end  of  all  things;  the  moral  center  around  which  the 
providential  government  of  God  revolves,  and  towards  which  all  huujan  thought  and  action 
converge.     The  volume  has  been  revised  and  enlarged  for  the  pret.ent  edition. 

THE  CRUCIBLE;    or  Tests  of  a  Regenerate  State.     By  Rev.  J.  A.  Goodhue,  A.M., 

with  an  introduction  by  Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk,  D.D.     i2mo,  cloth,  $1  00. 

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work  of  self-examination." — N.  Y.  Observer. 

"We  know  of  no  work  since  the  days  of  Pres.  Edwards  which  approaches  this  in  thorough- 
ness and  completeness." — A^  Y.  Evanffelisf. 

"  Full  of  original  thought  and  sharp  analysis,  and  important  suggestions;  no  one  can  read 
it  without  feeling  its  quickening  power." — Watchman  and  Refector. 

THE  STILL  HOUR;  or  Communiox  with  God.     By  Austin  Phelps,  Professor  in  Andover 
Theological  Seminary.     16mo,  cloth,  38  cents.     Twenty-second  thousand. 

Contents;.  1.  Absence  of  God  in  Prayer.  2.  Unhallowed  Prayer.  3.  Romance  in  Prayer. 
4.  Distrust  in  Prayer.  5.  Faith  in  Prayer.  6.  Specific  and  intense  Prayer.  7.  Temperament 
of  Prayer.  8.  Indolence  in  Prayer.  9.  Idolatry  in  Prayer.  10.  Continuance  in  Prayer. 
11.  Fragmentary  Prayer.  12.  Aid  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  Prayer.  13.  Reality  of  Christ  in 
Prayer.     14.  Modern  Habits  of  Prayer. 

This  little  work  will  find  a  warm  response  in  every  Christian  heart.  It  treats  of  prayer  as  a 
real  jjotoer  with  God,  committed  unto  men,  and  shows  how  this  power  may  be  used  to  accom- 
plish the  largest  results  and  how  it  often  fails  of  its  proper  end,  from  indolence  and  unbelief, 
and  want  of  earnest  and  persevering  zeal.  It  will  commend  itself  to  every  reader  as  the  best 
treatise  on  Prayer  in  the  English  language.  It  is  marked  by  the  freshness  and  vigor  of 
thought,  and  the  energy  atid  elegance  of  style  which  have  won  for  Prof.  Phelps  a  foremost 
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The  Iniieptndent  says  :  "  Everywhere  through  the  Sermons  there  pulsates  a  genuine  sincer- 
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It  is  to  America  what  the  Edinburg  and  London  Quarterlies  are  to  Gre:it  Britain,  and  takes 
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Nearly  all  the  great  authors  of  our  country  were  first  brought  before  the  public  through  this 
Review.  Webstlk,  Everktt,  Sparks,  Prescott,  Bancroft,  with  scores  of  other  noted 
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mulae for  so  large  a  portion  of  Christian  worship  and  culture.  Certainly  the  Hymn 
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This  series  is  now  complete,  and  the  various  editions  of  each  book  afford  facilities 
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used  in  connection  with  any  tune  book.  The  Tune  Book  may  be  used  with  any  hymn 
book. 

The  very  large  number  of  emphatic  testimonials  to  the  excellence  of  these  books 
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Containing  220  Hymns,  with  the  Melody  of  appropriate  Tunes,  on  96  pages.  It  will 
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Qj'  "  I  pity  those  women  whose  staff  is  their  needle,  for  when  they  lean  upon  it,  it  pierces, 
not  their  side,  but  their  heart.  ***«*!  think  the  needle  has  slain  more  than  the 
sword  of  war."  Henry  Ward  Beecher. 


GROVER  &  BAKER'S 

FAillLY 


[Hf  READ   THE   FOLLOWING  TESTIMONIALS.  J^D 

"  Having  had  one  of  Grover  &  Baker's  machines  in  my  family  for  nearly  a  year  and  a 
half,  I  take  pleasure  in  commending  it  as  every  way  reliable  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
designed — family  sewing." — Mrs.  Joshua  Leavitt,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Leavitt,  Editor  of  the  N. 
Y.  Independf-nt. 

"  I  confess  myself  delighted  with  you'  sewing  machine,  which  has  been  in  my  family  for 
many  months.  It  has  always  been  ready  for  duty,  requiring  no  adjustment,  and  is  easily 
adap'ted  to  every  variety  of  family  sewing,  by  simply  changing  the  spools  of  thread." — Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Strickland,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stricklajid,  Editor  of  the  N.  Y.  Christian  Advocate. 


"  I  have  used  a  Groter  &  Baker  sewing  machine  for  two  years,  and  have  found  it  adapted 
to  all  kinds  of  family  sewing,  from  cambric  to  broadcloth.  Garments  have  been  worn  out 
without  the  giving  way  of  a  stitch.  The  machine  is  easily  kept  in  order,  and  easily  used." — 
Mrs.  A.  B.  Whipple,  wife  of  Rev.  Geo.  Whipple,  New  York. 


The  "  Scientific  American,"  Nov.  .5th,  18.59,  says:  "The  machines  manufactured  by  the 
Grover  and  Baker  Sewing  Machine  Company,  are  too  well  known  by  the  public  at  large  to 
need  any  recommendation  at  our  hands,  and  we  will  simply  add  that  we  have  had  one  of  them 
in  our  family  for  some  time  past,  a7)d  it  is  cotisidered  the  most  vstful  article  in  the  house,  next 
to  the  cradle,  and  no  less  indisjjtnsable  than  that." 


"  Zion's  Herald,"  Nov.  16th,  18.59,  says  :  "  We  would  recommend  to  families  and  to  those 
about  to  organize  a  homestead,  to  be  sure  and  have  a  Family  Bible,  and  also  one  of  Grover  4r 
Baker's  SEIVING  MACHINES. 


"It  is  a  beautiful  thing,  and  puts  everybody  into  an  excitement  of  good  humor.  Were  I  a 
Catholic,  I  should  insist  upon  Saints  Gkovkr' &  Bakkk  having  an  eternal  holiday  in  com- 
memoration of  their  good  deeds  for  humanity." — Cassius  M.  Clay. 


PRINCIPAL  SALES  ROOMS. 

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MASON    &    HAMLIN, 

MANUFACTUREUS    OF 

MELODEOi^S  AND  HARmOI\liUMS. 


The  undersigned  respeclfully  invite  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  following  facts  in  relation  to  their 
Instruments: 

1st.  Our  Melodeons  and  Harmoniums  have  received  the  endorsement  and  preference  of  the  first  musical 
authurities  m  (he  couuiry,  amoi-g  wLum  are  TualUerg,  .Uasou,  Webb,  Kout,  W.  iMasou,  Bradbury,  Aiorgau, 
Balder,  Uetberbee,  W.lcux,  Zeiialiu,  Uruce,  Satltr,  ami  Zuudel. 

2d.  Huviug  exbibued  at  t«ei.ty-ilir.e  l;'Jl^^slL.ce  ISotJ,  We  have,  in  evehi  ikstance,  been  awarded  the 
FIRST  PKhMiljiM,  over  all  couipeti(Oi>. 

3a.  Neaiij-  iUKtE  11  L)NDivJi,L»  r.uurches  and  chapels  have  been  furnished  with  our  Organ  Harmoniums, 
all  ot  which  have  given  eiitire  sati.tiaciiou. 

4th.  tpwards  ul  TllliiTY-llVK  iiUNDUKD  of  our  Melodeons  have  been  sold,  all  of  which,  so  far  as 
known  to  us,  have  given  entire  bausiactiou. 

PRICE    LIST. 

Melodeons.  with  one  set  of  Reeds $60    ©75    flOO    $110     and    $130 

MELoUhoxs,  With  two  sets  of  Reeds $130     and     $160 

Okgan-Meloueuns,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds  and  two  banks  of  Keys ^200 

Hak.momums,  with  six  and  eight  stops $200    and    ^2b0 

Okgan-Hakmoniums $300    $350    and    $-iOO 

Amongst  the  recent  improvements  introduced  by  us,  we  invite  attention  to  that  of  the  "  TliEBLE  FOKTE  " 
stop,  fthieu  is  now  applied  to  all  ot  uur  MeloUeons. 

Descriptive  Catalogueo  sent  to  any  addiess  on  application  to 

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Massachusetts  Sabbath  School  Society, 

13   oojFtnxrsuxjiiji,    z^ostcdjxt. 

This  Society  has,  for  one  of  its  prominent  objects,  the  circulation  of  good  books  at  the  lowest 
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to  this  list  about  50  new  volumes  each  year.  We  have  also  on  hand,  or  can  lunubh,  a  com- 
plete assortment  of  the  best  books  published  by  the  "  CAitXEiiS,"  the  Pkesbytekia^  Boakd, 
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The  finely  illustrated  Juvenile  Publications  of  the 

RELIGIOUS    TRACT    SOCIETY,     LONDON, 
THE  SOCIETY  FOR  PROMOTING  CHRISTIAN  KNOWLEDGE,  LONDON, 

A   GENERAL   ASSORTMENT   OF  THE   ISSUES    OF 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Brothers,  New  York, 
A.  D.  F.  Randolph,  New  York, 
Sheldon  &  Co.,  New  York, 

Messrs.  T.  Nelson  &  Sons,  London, 

(Including  their  beautiful  series  of  Views  and  Cards,  in  Oil  Colors,) 
Congregational  Board  of  Publication, 

Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication, 

(Old  and  New  School,) 

The  Evangelical  Knowledge  Society, 

(Protestant  Episcopal,) 

AND  A  GREAT  VARIETY  OF  OTHER  WORKS  SUITABLE  FOR 

PASTOR'S    LIBRARIES,  FAITIILIES  ARfD   SUNDAY   SCHOOLS, 

A\so,  COMMEiXT ARIES,  GUEEIL  TESTAMENTS  and  1.EXICONS, 

and   various   helps   TO   THE   STUDY   OF  THE   BIBLE. 

My  object  is  to  keep 

A  FIRST  CMSS  RELIGIOUS  BOOK  STORE, 

Containing  the  best  Books,  with  the  finest  Engraving,  for  Old  and  Yonng, 
and  at  the  Lowest  Prices  of  any  to  be  fonnd  in  the  United  States. 

Clergymen  and  others  are  respectfully  invited  to  examine  this  Stock — and  those  not  resi- 
dents of  this  city  to  make  this  store  their  home  when  in  Boston — whether  you  purchase  or 
not. 

141  Washington  St.,  Boston. 


Congregational  Quarierly  Advertiser. 

o^^Ei^   100,000   i>eo:e>x.e 

SING    OUT    OF    THE 

"PLYMOUTH  COLLECTION," 

EDITED  BY  HENRY  WARD  BEEGHER  AND  JOHN  ZUNDEL 


This  Pioneer  Book  is  regarded  THE  BEST,  as  a  Devotional  Book  for  the  Church, 
Leclure-Room,  or  Family.  It  contains  "  Everybody's  hymn  and  everybody's  tune." — 
The  universal  testimony  of  those  who  use  it,  is,  "  We  like  it  more  and  more." 

Read  the  following  letter  just  received  from  the  Pastor  of  a  Presbjterian  Church  in 
Milwaukie  : — 

MiLWAUKiE,  May  26,  1860. 
Messrs.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Burr, 

Dear  Friends, — We  adopted  the  "  Plymouth  Collection  "  in  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  this  city  six  months  ago,  and  experience  has  proven  what  I  long 
ago  believed,  that  it  is  the  best  Collection  yet  published,  for  the  development  of  Con- 
gregational singing.  Yours  truly,  J.  L.  CORNING, 

Pastor  \st  Pres.  Church. 

It  is  also  adopted  by  the  First  Congregational  Church,  Milwaukie. 

The  Winter  Street  Congregational  Church,  Boston,  have  just  introduced  the  book, 
notwithstanding  the  great  pressure  of  rival  Hymn  and  Tune  Books.  It  has  also  been 
adopted  by  Dr.  Hawes's  Congregational  Church,  Hartford.  Such  introductions  of  this 
superior  Hymn  and  Tune  Book  are  ample  evidence  of  its  great  value  over  all  other 
Hymn  and  Tune  Books  yet  published. 

The  Book  contains  oyer  360  Tunes,  and  over  1,300  Hymns. 


PRICE  OF  THE  HYMNS  AND  TUNES, SI  .25 

l^°Churches  are  supplied  for  Jirst  introduction,  at  the  low  price  of  $1  per  copy. 

THE  HYMNS  SEPARATE,  (three  sizes,) 62^  cts.,  75  cts.,  and  $1.00 

•^"Pastors  and  Committees  furnished  with  single  copies  of  Hymns  and   Tunes  for 

examination,  post-paid,  for  $1  per  copy.     Apply  to  the  Publishers, 

A.  S.  BARNES  &  BURB, 

51  &  53  John  Street,  New  York. 


A.   S.   BARNES   &   BURK  publish: 

Revival  Hymns  and  Tunes,  A  Selection  from  the   Plymouth  Collection, 

15  cents  per  copy. 
Cheever's  Christian  Melodies,  Hymns  and  Tunes.    50  cents. 
Plymouth  Sabbath  School  Collection.    20  cents. 
Lee  Avenue  Collection  of  Hjrmns,  for  Sabbath  Schools.     37i  cents. 

ALSO, 


Curtis's  School  Vocalist.  Hastings's  Selah. 

Kingsley's  Juvenile  Choir. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

I 

No.  34  School  Street,  (opposite  City  Hall,)  Boston. 


MUSIC   PRISTTISTG. 

For  specimens  of  workmanship  in  this  department,  see  Moore's  Encyclopedia  of  Music, 
and  the  Congregational  Tune  Book,  published  by  J.  P.  Jewett  &  Co.,  Vestry  Harp,  Wm. 
Heath,  Revival  Melodist,  Snow  &  Greene,  Providence,  and  numerous  other  works. 

C^  The  strictest  personal  attention  will  be  given,  and  all  work  executed  punctually 

and  in  the  best  manner. 


There  has  probably  been  no  period  of  time  since  the  first  settlement  of  this  country  when 
greater  and  sincerer  efforts  were  made  to  render  places  for  public  worship,  not  only  comfort- 
able, but  healthfvil,  than  are  being  made  at  this  present  time.  Very  few  Committees  venture 
to  run  the  risk  of  buildiii",  or  remodeling  a  church  edifice,  without  first  obtaining  some  kind 
of  a  plan  from  some  kind  of  an  architect.  Not  knowing,  however,  oftentimes,  the  value  of 
varied  and  long  experience  in  the  ])rofession,  they  frequently  find,  when  too  late,  that  they  have 
been  imposed  upon,  being  obliged  to  pay  a  greater  sum  to  remedy  a  defect  or  correct  a  mis- 
take, than  would  have  sufficed,  in  the  beginning,  to  secure  the  best  services. 

The  experience  of  Committees  can  rarely  be  made  of  much  practical  benefit,  for  the  reason 
that  it  terminates  in  the  completion  of  the  building  which  they  were  appointed  to  erect. 
While  on  the  other  hand,  that  of  an  architect,  being  continuous  of  necessity,  becomes  often 
available. 

The  subject  of  ventilation  has.  of  late,  occupied  much  of  the  public  attention  and  concern. 
It  is  believed  by  many,  who  have  investigated  the  subject,  that  human  life  could  be  very  much 
prolonged  if  the  laws  of  nature  were  more  carefully  observed,  and  in  no  way  more,  than  in  the 
free  use  of  pure  air.  In  public  buildings  much  can  be  done  where  enlightened  exjjerience  is 
brought  to  the  aid  of  those  who  have  their  construction  in  charge.  But  that  experience  must 
be  used,  to  be  of  any  value;  and  certainly,  none  would  be  more  likely  to  understand  it  than 
one  whose  profession  is  a  continuous  practice. 

The  undersigned  having  devoted  much  time  and  attention  to  the  proportion  and  comfort  of 
rooms  for  public  assemblages,  and  particularly  to  the  department  of  warming  and  ventilation — 
for  they  are  really  but  one,  so  closely  are  they  connected — believes  himself  qualified  to  render 
valuable  aid  to  any  committee  or  individual  who  desires  to  be  possessed  of  information  upon 
the  subject.  Committees  and  others  are  invited  to  call  at  his  office,  II  Joy's  Building,  and 
examine  plans  of  Churches,  &c. 

J.  D.  TOWLE,  Architect. 

REFERKNCES. 
Keys.  Isaac  P.  Langworthy,  and  llenry  M.  Dexter,  Boston  ;  Rev.  Horace  Winslow,  Great  Harrington,  Ms. 

(TT^'The  following  are  some  of  the  Churches  designed  by  Mr.  Towle  :— Shawmut.  Boston,  Ms. ;  Winnisim- 
niet,  Chel.^fa,  Ms.  ;  Unitarian,  Bangor,  Me.  ;  Old  South,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. ;  Congregational  Churches  in 
Kew  Britain,  Ct.,  Korth  Bridgewater,  Ms.,  East  Kandolpb,  Ms.,  and  Great  Bariington,  Mb. 


CongregaMonal  Quarterly  Advertiser, 

JUST   PUELISHED: 


The  Year  of  Grace  ;  A  History  op  the  Revi- 
val IN  Ireland  in  1859.    By  Kfv.  AVilliaji  OinsoN, 
Prof'fssor  of  Christian   Ethics  in  Queen's  College, 
Belf.isr.      With   an   Introdui'tion   by    Rev.    Baron 
Stow,  D.D.     12mo.,  cloth,  *1.25. 
This  is  a  remarkable  bonk  upon  a  remarkable  sub- 
ject.     It   contains   a   glowing   account   of  the   coai- 
mencemenr,    progress,    and    results   of   the  Revival 
in  the   various  districts,  drawn   from   the  extended 
communications  if  some  threr.    tiunlrt'l  local   minis- 
ters, written  expressly  with  reference  to  this  pubMca- 
tion.     The  description  of  the  touching  scene*  of  the 
Revival  ;  the  striking  cases  of  conversio'i  ;  the   lan- 
guage  and   conduct   of   the  converts  ;    the   marked 
effect  of  the  work  on  the  morals  and  h  ibits  of  the 
community,  etc.,  with  the  learned  author's  able  chap- 
ter  on    the    remarkable   ''  physical    manifestations," 
render  it  a  volume  of  extraordinary  interest. 

Dr.  Stow,  who  visited  Ireland  during  the  Revival, 
expressly  to  witness  the  wonderful  movement,  in  his 
brief  Introduction,  hears  testimony  the  marked  accu- 
racy of  the  account  of  the  work  as  he  saw  it. 

Morning  Hours  in  Patmos.  The  Openino 
Vision  of  the  Apocalypse,  and  Christ's  Epistles 
TO  THE  Seven  Chorche-  of  Asia.  By  Rev.  A.  0. 
Thompson,  author  of  '  The  Better  Land,''  '•  Gath- 
ered Lilies,"  &c.  With  beautiful  Frontispiece. 
12mo.,  cloth,  .$1. 

An  attractive  volume  of  discourses  or  meditations 
on  the  first  three  cUap'ers  of  the  Apocalypse  the 
interest  of  which  is  greatly  enhanced  by  tue  author's 
recent  visit  to  Patmos  and  the  sites  of  the  seven  Asi- 
atic Churches. 

''  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautifully  written  devo- 
tional works  that  we  have  ever  met  with." — Provi- 
dence Daily  Po>.t. 

"  We  commend  it  as  a  volume  which  will  be  read 
with  great  satisfaction  and  spiritual  profit." — Advent 
Herald. 

The  Signet  Ring,  and  Other  Gems      By  Rev. 

J.  De  Liefde.     16mo.,  cloth,  63  cents. 
Contents  :   I.  The  Signet  Ring,  and  its  Heavenly 

Motto.     II.  The  Inheuitance,  and  the  Journey  to 

obcjiin  it.     III.  The  Su  pwreckep  Traveller. 

The  writings  of  this  author  are  hij^hly  popular  in 
England  and  Germany,  where  they  have  had  a  large 
sale.  The  general  sentiment  of  the  f  >reign  pre.'is  is 
embraced  in  the  followiug,  from  the  Srottish  Guar- 
dian :  ••  We  h.ive  not  found  in  so  .small  a  couip  iss  a 
mass  of  Christian  experience  so  pregnant  with  in- 
struction to  all  who  are  engaged  in  the  Lord's  work." 


Illustrations  of  Scripture  ;  Suggested  by  a 

Tour  through  the  Holy  Land.  By  Horatio  B. 
HiCKKTT,  I'rofc,--'sor  ill  Newton  Theoloj{ical  Institu- 
tion.    New  Edition,  Revi.sed  tiud  Enlarged. 

The  first  editions  of  this  work  had  an  extensive  sale, 
and  receive  I  universil  commendation.  The  author 
has  now,  in  effect,  re-written  and  completed  it,  and 
new  Illustrations  have  been  insetted.  In  its  present 
enl  irge  1  md  improved  form,  it  is  invaluable  to  every 
student  of  the  Bible,  especially  to  ministers  and  Sun- 
day-school teachers 

"  Trustworthy,  and  better  than  a  hun  Ire  t  '  Evi- 
dence-.'— II.  Choate."  (Written  on  the  fly-leaf  of  his 
libr.ii'3'  copy.) 

"  The  work  befits  the  character  of  its  author. 
Simple,  chaste,  accurate,  thorough,  devout,  it  brings 
before  the  mind,  the  .scenery,  the  custom-;,  the  insti- 
tutions and  the  manners  of  Bible  lands,  with  remark- 
able freshness  and  beauty." — Indercndent 

'•  A  standard  work  for  students  of  the  Bible,  a 
most  timely  aid  to  the  teachers  in  our  Sunday-schools, 
and  convenient  always  for  familv  reference." — Christ- 
ian Examiner. 

"  Prof.  Ilackett's  accuracy  is  proverbial.  We  can 
rely  on  his  s'atements  witii  a  confidence  which  is  in 
itself  a  pleasure.  He  knows  and  appreciates  the 
wants  of  readers  ;  explains  the  texts  winch  need  ex- 
planation ;  and,  on  tlie  authority  of  hi-i  own  vision, 
impirts  to  his  readers  the  knowledge  which  they  re- 
quire. He  gives  life-like  pictures,  instead  of  dry 
details,  and  charms  while  he  instructs." — Bib.  Sacra. 

Lessoiis  at  'he  Cross  :  or.  Spiritual  Truths 
Fami'.iarlv  ExiiiBiTED.  Bv  Samuel  Hopkins,  au- 
thor of  ■'  The  Puritans."     16mo.,  cloth,  75  cents. 

"  The  nature  of  the  truths  treated  of,  the  pure, 
simple  and  forcible  style  iu  which  the  work  is  writ- 
ten, and  the  power  of  good  there  is  in  it,  make  it  a 
valuable  book  for  the  Christian  family." — N.  Y.  Ob- 
strctr. 

''  One  of  the  very  best  of  books  for  instruction  and 
edific uion."  —BoHrn  Recorder. 

The  St'H  Hitur :  or.  Com.munios  with  God.  By 
Austin  Phelps,  D.D,  Pi-ot'e.-sor  in  Andover  Theo- 
lo.;icai  Seiaioary.     16  rao.,  clotu,  '6%  cents. 

This  little  work  has  everywhere  been  received  with 
the  w.irmest  ooiiimendatlon,  and  has  already  reached 
the  twenty-fifth  thousand. 


RECENT    PUBLICATIONS. 


LIFE  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  DANIEL 
WILSON,  D  D.  With  Portraits,  &c.  By  .losiah 
Batemaij.     Royul  8vo  ,  cloth,  ii-3. 

THE  PURITANS  ;  or,  the  Church,  Court  and  Par 
liament  of  Enghmd,  during  the  reigns  of  Edward 
Sixth  and  Elizabeth.  B\  Samuel  H.-pkiiis.  Ro\iil 
8vo.     Vols.  I.  and  II.,  each  «S2.50. 

THE  HISTORICAL  EVIDENCES  OF  THE  TRUTH 
OF  THE  SCRIPTURE  RECORDS.  By  George 
Kawlinson,  M.A.     12mo.,  c  oth,  .S1.25. 

CHRIST  IN  HISTORY.  By  Robert  Turnbull,  D.D. 
12mo.,  cloth,  $1.25. 

THE  CRUCIBLE  ;  or,  Tests  of  a  Regenerate  State  ; 
designed  to  bring  to  light  suppies.~ed  hopes,  ex,jO-ie 
false  ones,  and  confirm  the  true.  By  iiev.  J.  A. 
Goodhue,  A.M.     12mo.,  cloth,  *1. 


GOULD 


SPIKITUALISM  TESTED.  By  George  W  Sanison, 
D.D.,  Pres.  of  Columbia  College.  16aio.  cloth,  38 
cents. 

ANNUAL  OF  SCIENTIFIC  DISCOVERY;  or.  Year 
Book  oi  Fcts  for  1830.  Bv  D.  A.  Wells,  Esq. 
12mo.,  !S!1.25. 

LIMITS  OF  RELIGIOUS  THOUGHT   EXAMINED. 

By  H.  L.  Miosel,  B.D.     12mo.,  .loh,  -fl. 

LIFE  AND  TIMES  OF  JOHN  MILTON.  By  David 
Ma.sson,  M.A.    Vol.  I.,  Kojal  8vo..  cloth,  $2.75. 

THE  GREYSON  LETTERS.  Edited  by  Henry  Ro- 
gers, author  of  ••  The  Eclipse  ot  Faith."  12mo  , 
clotu,  ■isl.25. 

LEADERS  OF  THE  REFORMATION  ;  or,  the  Rep- 
resei.taiive  Men  ot  Germany,  France,  England  and 
Scotland.     B.v  J.  Tullocu,  D.U.     12uio.,  cloth,    $1. 

8c    LINCOLN, 

59  Washington  Street,  Boston. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

CROSBY,  NICHOLS,   LEE  &  COMPANY, 

PUBLISHERS,  BOOKSELLERS  AND  STATIONERS, 
117    WASHINGTON   STREET,   BOSTON. 

We  have  now  on  hand  our  usual  extensive  variety  of  Books  in  every  department  of  Litera- 
ture, to  which  the  attention  of  purchasers  is  respectfully  invited.  In  addition  to  our  own 
publications,  which  comprise  popular  and  elegant  editions  of  Standard  Poetical,  Historical, 
Biographical,  Religious  and  Scientific  Works,  we  keep  the  most  complete  assortment  of 

VALUABLE  RELIGIOUS  WORKS, 

American  and  Foreign,  including  the  publications  of  all  the  prominent  Houses,  at  home  and 
abroad,  which  we  furnish  to  Clergymen  at  a  special  discount. 

That  we  may  more  fully  meet  the  wants  of  the  Religious  public,  and  for  the  special  accom- 
modation of  Pastors,  Sabbath  School  Superintendents  and  Teachers,  we  shall  hereafter  keep 
constantly  on  hand  a  complete  assortment  of 

Books  for  Sabbath  School  Libraries, 

Including  the  issues  of  the  Massachusetts  Sabbath  School  Society,  American  Sunday  School 
Union,  American  Tract  Society,  Gould  &  Lincoln,  Robert  Carter  &  Brothers,  A.  D.  F.  Ran- 
dolph, Sheldon  &  Company,  Carlton  &  Porter,  W.  S.  &  A.  Martien,  and  the  Presbyterian 
Board,  together  with  a  large  collection  of  other  publications,  from  which  a  selection  may  be 
made.  Much  time  and  trouble  may  thus  be  saved,  as  it  is  our  design  to  keep  on  hand  all  the 
desirable  issues  of  the  day,  and  to  furnish  them,  with  any  that  may  be  ordered,  at  the  shortest 
notice. 

On  the  1st  of  Augiist  next,  we  shall  publish 

A   NEW    SERIES    OP    SABBATH    SCHOOL    BOOKS, 

BY  MRS.  MADELINE  LF.SLIE, 

Author  of   '  Til  Try,"  "  Howard  and  his  Teacher,"  "  Trying  to  be  Useful,"  etc. 

First  Series  -  "  THK  KOBIN  WEST  STORIES."    Second  Series  -  "LITTLE 
FBANKY  AND  HIS  MOTHER  " 

Each  Series  containing  Six  Volumes,  beautifully  illustrated  by  Billings. 
We  have  also  a  large  and  choice  selection  of  MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURE, 
comprising  all  standard  works,  with  all  new  books,  as  fast  as  issued  from  the  press. 

ELEGANT  EDITIONS  OP  STANDARD  WORKS. 

Special  attention  is  requested  to  the  superior  and  elegant  manner  in  which  the  following 
books  are  published.  It  can  confidently  be  asserted  that  they  will  compare  favorably  with 
the  best  productions  of  the  English  press. 

Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy.     A  new  and   carefully  corrected  and  revised  edi- 
tion with  fac  smile  of  original  frontispiece.     .3  vols.  12mo. 
Essays  of  £lia.     By  Charles  Lamb.     A  new  Edition.     I  vol.  12mo. 

D'Israeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature.  With  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  his  Son.  4  vols. 
The  Complete  Works  of  William  Khakspcare,  with  Glossarial  and  other  Notes,  by 

Knight,  Dyce,  Douce,  Collier,  Halliweli,  Hunter,  and  Richardson.     In  8  vols.  12mo. 

[j;^="Also  to  be  published  immediately  in  styles  to  correspond  with  the  above. 
Lamb's  Complete  Works.     4  vols.  12mo. 
iHacaulay's  History  of  England.     Vols.  1,  2,  3  &  4,  12mo. 
Hume's  History  of  Eit^iaud.    6  vols.  12mo. 
Milman's  tiibbon's  History  of  Home.    6  vols. 
Campbell's  compL  te  Poetical  Works.    Edited  by  Epes  Sargent,  Esq.,  with  Notes  and 

a  Memoir.     1  vol    r2ui<). 
Rogers'  Poetical  Works.     Edited  by  Epes  Sargent,  Esq.,  with  Notes  and  a   Memoir 

1  vol.  12mo. 
Collins',  Gray's,  «fe  Goldsmith's   Poetical  Works.     Edited  by   Epes  Sargent,  Esq. 

1  vol.  r2nio. 
Milton's  Complete  Poetical  Works.     Edited  by  Mitford.    2  vols.  I2mo. 

We  are  special  Agents  for  the  popular  Musical  Publications  of  Mason  Brothers,  New  York 
including 

THE    S-A^BB-A-TH    li^S'I^KT    BOOK!, 

THE    SuA^BB^^TH    TTJ^STE    BOOIi, 

THE    S-A.BB.A.Tii    li-X-I^ZST    .A.3Srr>    TTJISTE    BOOIC, 

in  all  the  various  sizes  and  styles  of  binding,  and  congregations,  desiring  to  purchasej  are 
requested  to  order  directly  from  us.     Samples  furnished  for  examination. 


THE 

CONGREGATIONAL  QUARTEELY  : 

^   ©tnomi'natfcnal   3aurnnl   of   JFacts,   |3rmc{plcs   ant)    Srrjinncnts : 

CONDUCTED,  UNDER  THE  SANCTION  OF  THE 

CONGREGATIONAL    LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION, 

AND    THE 

AMERICAN   CONGREGATIONAL   UNION, 

BY 

Rev.  JOSEPH  S.  CLARK,  D.D.,  Ret.  ALONZO  H.  QUINT,  and 

Rev.  henry  M.  DEXTER,  Rev.  ISAAC  P.  LANGWORTHY. 


This  number  closes  our  second  volume.  The  history  of  the 
Congregational  Quarterly  is  a  short  one,  but  it  is  not  yet 
finished.  It  has  entered  an  open  and  wholly  unoccupied  field 
of  research,  rich  in  that  which  concerns  and  ought  to  interest 
all  our  churches.  It  has  indeed  but  begun  its  survey ;  still 
enough  has  been  discovered  to  satisfy  its  editors  that  their 
resources  are  inexhaustible.  It  is  not  now  a  question,  Whence 
can  we  fill  our  pages  ?  but,  of  avhich  that  is  on  our  table  ?  Nor 
is  the  future  existence  of  this  periodical  an  open  question,  and 
that,  too,  at  its  present  unprecedented  low  price,  so  long  as 
the  present  proprietors  can  control  it.  And  we  here  wish  to 
express  our  warmest  thanks  to  those  brethren  who  have  so 
kintlly  written  for  our  pages  without  hope  of  fee  or  reward, 
and  to  those  who  have  interested  themselves  to  send  us  sub- 
scribers.   And  we  must  ask  favors  in  both  these  directions  still. 

While  with  gratitude  we  record  the  fact  that  w^e  close  this 
year  w^ith  a  much  larger  subscription  than  we  closed  the  last, 
still  it  is  a  truth  that  all  we  receive  from  this  source  will  fall 
much  short  of  paying  the  printer  and  the  binder.  To  save 
ourselves  from  too  heavy  a  draft  on  this  account,  in  addition 
to  working  for  nothing  and  finding  ourselves,  we  are  compelled 
to  draw  some  help  from  our  advertising  friends.  What  we 
want,  and  very  much  need,  is  at  least  three  subscribers  where 
we  now  have  one.  Our  price  is  too  low  to  command  the  ser- 
vices of  agents.     And  are  not  our  object,  our  work  and  our 

(Adv.)  45 


Congregational  Quarterly. 

terms  sufficiently  Christian  and  magnanimous  to  secure  the  co- 
operation of  every  one  now  receiving  the  Quarterly — hence 
knowing  its  value — in  extending  its  circulation  ? 

One  pastor  of  a  very  small  missionary  church  sent  us  six 
subscribers  this  year;  another,  of  a  larger  church,  sent  us 
eleven ;  another,  twelve  ;  but  for  us,  such  co-laborers  are  too 
few — we  want  a  thousand  such.  And  we  are  persuaded  that 
we  return  threefold  for  the  amount  each  subscriber  pays  us. 
Our  first,  the  statistical  number,  is  worth  more  than  the  cost 
of  the  volume.  We  dare  not  state  the  amount  of  the  printer's 
bill  for  that  number  alone  of  this  year.  We,  however,  enter 
upon  our  coming  year  with  hope.  We  look  for  our  remune- 
ration chiefly  in  the  good  we  are  accomplishing,  but  intend  to 
deserve  so  well  of  our  friends  and  patrons  that  they  will  afford 
us  the  means  of  paying  for  the  material  of  our  work  at  least. 
In  this  confidence  we  will  greet  our  subscribers  with  the  Jan- 
uary issue  in  good  time,  and  with  better  filled  pages  than  any 
of  its  predecessors.  Such  is  our  purpose.  These  pages  we 
should  be  more  than  glad  to  send  to  many  hundreds  who  as 
yet  know  not  what  they  lose  by  fiiiling  to  take 

THE   COIVGREGATIONAL   QUARTERLY. 

We  have  still  on  hand  a  few  copies  of  our  First  Volume, 
which  can  be  had  for  one  dollar  a  copy  in  numbers,  or  one 
dollar  and  twenty-five  cents,  neatly  bound.  Those  having 
either  the  first  or  the  second  volume,  or  both,  in  numbers,  can 
exchange  them,  if  in  good  condition,  for  corresponding  volumes 
uniformly  bound,  by  paying  twenty-five  cents  a  volume. 


Cfliigitgatbiial  (i^iuulcrlii  Jiikilistr. 


®he  Hew  §i)tmn  §oolt,  and  §i\!mw  nnd  ®utt<^  §o0t 

The  importance  of  the  adoption  of  THE  BEST  Hymn  Book;  that  which  most 
fully  and  conveniently  meets  the  wants  of  Christian  worship,  must  be  evident  to  every 
one  who  reflects  that,  excepting  the  inspired  Volume,  it  is  the  only  book  used  in  the 
services  of  the  sanctuary  ;  that  it  is  used  in  every  service,  and  that  it  provides  the  for- 
mula; for  so  large  a  portion  of  Christian  worship  and  culture.  Certainly  the  Hymn 
Book  exercises  vast  influence  in  the  formation  and  development  of  Christian  charac- 
ter.    The  publishers  respectfully  invite  attention  to 

THE    SABBATH    HYMN    BOOK, 

THE  SABBATH   TUNE  BOOK, 

THE    SABBATH    HYMN    AND    TUNE    BOOK, 

For  the  Service  of  Song  in  the  House  of  the  Lord, 

By  EDWARDS  A.  PARK,  D,D.,  AUSTIN  PHELPS,  D.D.,  and 
LO\\TELL  ISIASON,  Doctor  of  Music. 

Publislied  by  MASON  BROTHERS,  5  &  7  Mercer  St.  New  York. 

This  series  is  now  complete,  and  the  various  editions  of  each  book  afford  facilities 
on  the  one  hand  to  those  who  find  it  necessary  to  consult  economy,  and  on  the  other  to 
those  who  desire  large,  clear  print  and  elegant  bindings.  The  Hymn  Book  is  fur- 
nished, at  retail,  at  prices  varying  from  561  cents  to  $4.50  each  ;  The  Hymn  and 
Tune  Book  at  from  80  cents  to  $4.50  each.  Each  book  in  the  series  is  complete  in 
itself.  The  Hymn  Book  is  adapted  to  choir  or  congregational  singing,  and  may  be 
used  in  connection  with  any  tune  book.  The  Tune  Book  may  be  used  with  any  hymn 
book. 

The  very  large  number  of  emphatic  testimonials  to  the  excellence  of  these  books 
from  eminent  sources  in  the  United  States,  the  Canadas,  and  in  England  ;  the  wide 
extent  to  which  they  have  already  been  introduced,  and  the  increasing  satisfaction 
with  which  they  are  used,  afford  abundant  evidence  of  their  great  merit  and  adapted- 
ness  to  the  wants  of  the  churches. 

The  publishers  will  be  glad  to  send  to  any  one  desiring  them,  pamphlets  containing 
full  descriptions  of  these  books,  with  very  numerous  testimonials  to  their  value. 


THE  SABBATH  SCHOOL  HYMN  AND  TUNE  BOOK, 

Containing  220  Hymns,  with  the  ^lelody  of  appropriate  Tunes,  on  96  pages.  It  will 
foe  sold  at  the  cost  of  manufacture,  (about  $6  per  hundred,)  and  a  copy  will  be  sent 
U)  any  address  on  receipt  of  the  price. 

PuMshed  by  MASON  BROTHERS, 

Nos.  5  &  7  Mercer  Street,  New  York. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

A  HANDSOME  PREMIUM. 

A    COPY    OP 

WEBSTER'S  NEW  PICTORIAL  QUARTO  DICTIONARY, 

Containing  1,500  woodcuts,  (price  $6,50),  will  be  given  to  any  friend  of 

Who  will  send  to  the  office  at  No.  6  Beekman  Street,  New  York,  the  names  of  three 
subscribers,  with  Six  Dollars.  The  Book  will  be  promptly  forwarded  by  Express 
on  the  receipt  of  the  names  and  money. 

MRS.  ELIZABETH  BARRETT  BROWNING. 

MRS.  HARRIET   BEECHER  STOWE. 

GRACE  GREENWOOD. 

JOHN  C.  WHITTIER. 

JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL. 

HORACE  GREELEY. 

WILLIAM  M.  EVARTS. 

REV.  STEPHEN  H.  TYNG,  D.  D. 

WILLIAM  ALLEN  BUTLER. 

REV.  THEODORE  L.  CUYLER. 

REV.  GEORGE  B.  CHEEVER,  D.  D. 

The  above  distinguished  writers  ai'e  contributors  to  The  Independent.  The 
circulation  of  this  paper  is  more  rapidly  increasing  than  ever  before,  and  as  a  special 
inducement  to  the  friends  of  the  paper,  a  copy  of  Webster's  new  Pictorial 
Quarto  Dictionary  is  offered  to  any  of  them  who  will  send  three  new  subscribers, 
with  Six  Dollars.  The  book  will  be  promptly  forwarded  by  express  on  receipt  of 
names  and  money.     The  publication  of 

Rev.  HENRY  WARD  BEECIIER'S  SERMONS 

has  met  with  the  hearty  approval  of  persons  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  let- 
ters which  are  constantly  received  evince  the  interest  felt. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  many  others  like  it : 

"  I  cut  out  and  carefully  paste  each  Sermon  on  a  sheet  of  foolscap.  We  have  one 
Sermon  on  the  Sabbath,  three  weeks  out  of  four.  At  a  meeting  called  for  the  pur- 
pose, w,e  resolved  to  have  one  of  Beecher's  Sermons  read  every  Sabbath  when  we 
had  no  preaching.  The  first  was  his  Thanksgiving  Sermon,  which  suited  so  well  that 
it  was  resolved  to  have  one  read  every  Sabbath  evening." 

The  best  newspaper  is  The  Independent  ;  the  best  Dictionary  is  Webster's. 
You  should  possess  both.  By  procuring  three  new  subscribers  to  The  Independent 
you  will  be  presented  with  a  copy  of  the  new  pictorial  edition  of  the 

Terms — Two  Dollars  a  year,  payable  in  advance.     Address 

JOSEPH  H.  RICHARDS,  Publisher, 

No.  5  Bookman  St.,  Now  York. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


Siililf}  SllDM  S!ilf§l.  tjm 

No.  141  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old  South  Church, 

B  o  s  T  o  isr. 


I  beg  leave  to  call  the  attention  of  the  clergy  and  laymen  to  the  large  and  attractive  assatt- 
ioient  of  Books,  Cards,  Engravings  and  Periodicals,  issued  by  the  Union,  a  full  supply  of 
which  may  at  all  times  be  found  at  their  new  store,  No.  141  Washington  Street,  opposite  Old 
South  Church. 

In  addition  ro  the  very  large  assortment  of  the  Publications  of  the  UNION,  a  complete 
assortment  of 

ELEGAFT  ENGLISH  BIBLES 

Will  be  kept  constantly  on  hand.    Also  will  be  furnished,  the  Publications  of  the 

AMERICAN  TRACT  SOCIETY, 

The  finely  illustrated  Juvenile  Publications  of  the 

RELIGIOUS    TRACT    SOCIETY,     LONDON, 
THE  SOCIETY  FOR  PROMOTING  CHRISTIAN  KNOWLEDGE,  LONDON, 

A   GENERAL  ASSORTMENT   OF  THE   ISSUES   OF 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Brothers,  New  York, 
A.  D.  F.  Randolph,  New  York, 
Sheldon  &  Co.,  New  York, 

Messrs.  T.  Nelson  &  Sous,  London, 

(Including  their  beautiful  series  of  Views  and  Cards,  in  Oil  Colors,) 
Congregational  Board  of  Publication, 

Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication, 

(Old  and  New  School,) 

The  Evangelical  Knowledge  Society, 

(Protestant  Episcopal,) 

AND  A  GREAT  VARIETY  OF  OTHER  WORKS  SUITABLE  FOR 

PASTORS'   LIBRARIES,  FAMILIES  A]^I>   SUNDAY   SCHOOLS, 

A\so,  CO MMia^T ARIES,  GREEli.  TESTAMENTS  and  V.EX.ICONS, 

AND  VARIOUS   HELPS   TO   THE   STUDY   OF  THE  BIBLE. 

My  object  is  to  keep 

A  FIRST  CLASS  RELIGIOUS  BOOK  STORE, 

Containing  the  best  Books,  with  the  finest  Engraving,  for  Old  and  Young, 
and  at  the  LoAvest  Prices  of  any  to  be  fonnd  in  the  United  States. 

Clergymen  and  others  are  respectfully  invited  to  examine  this  Stock — and  those  not  resi- 
dents of  this  city  to  make  this  store  their  home  when  in  Boston — whether  you  purchase  or 
not. 

141  Washington  St.,  Boston. 

(Adv.)  45* 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

PERUVIAN    SYRUP: 

— OR, 

Protected  Solution  of  Protoxide  of  Iron  Combined. 


This  well  known  Remedy  has  been  used  very  extensively  and  with  great  success  for 
the  cure  of 


'  DYSPEPSIA, 

OR 

IMPAIRED   AND    IMPERFECT 

DIGESTION, 


AND  THE  CONSEQUENT 

Deterioration  of  the  Blood, 

AdiI  for  the  cure  of  the  following  Diseases, 
most  of  which  originate  ia 


liiver  Complaint,   Chronic  Diarrhoea,   Nervous   Debility,   St.  Vitus's  Dance, 
Neuralgia  and  Nervous  Affections,  Loss  of  Appetite,  Headache,  Languor 
and    Depression   of   Spirits,    Scrofula,    Carbiiticles  and    Boils,    Piles, 
Scurvy,  Affections  of  the  Skin,  C'onsumptive  tendencies,  Bronchitis, 
Chlorosis,  Leucorrhea,  Prolapsus  Uteri,  and  all  Diseases  pecu- 
liar to  Females,  and  all  Complaints  acconrpanied  by  General 
Debility,  and  requiring  a  Tonic  or  Alterative  Medicine. 

Note. — The  great  value  of  IRON  as  a  remedy  for  Dyspepsia,  a  bad  state  of  the  blood, 
and  the  numerous  diseases  caused  thereby,  is  well  known,  and  acknowledged  by  all  med- 
ical men.  Its  failure  has  been  from  the  want  of  such  a  preparation  of  IRON  as  shall 
enter  the  stomach  in  a  Protoxide  state,  and  assimilate  at  once  with  the  blood.  This  want 
the  PERUVIAN"  SYRUP  supplies,  containing,  as  it  does,  IRON  in  the  only  form 
in  which  it  is  possible  for  it  to  enter  the  circulation.  For  this  reason  the  PERUVIAN" 
SYRUP  often  radically  cures  diseases  in  wliich  other  preparations  of  IRON  and 
other  medicines  have  been  found  to  be  of  no  avail. 


Certificate  of  A.  A.  HAYES,  M.  D.,  of  Boston. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  medicinal  effects  O'f  Protoxide  of  Iron  are  lost  by  even  a  very 
brief  exposure  to  air,  and  that  to  maintain  a  solution  of  Protoxirle  of  Iron,  without  I'urther 
oxidation,  has  been  deemed  impossible.  In  the  PERUVIAN  SYRUP  this  desirable  point 
is  attained  by  combination  in  a  way  before  unknown:  and  this  solution  may  replace  all  the 
proto-carbonates,  citrates,  and  tartrates  of  the  Materia  Medica.  It  is  also  eminently  adapted 
to  take  the  place  of  any  Protoxide  of  Iron  which  physicians  have  used  in  Scurvy,  or  scorbutic 
attacks  ;  and  to  meet  such  cases  the  Syrup  should  be  found  in  the  medicine  chest  of  every 
ship.  A.  A.  HAYES,  Assayer  to  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 

16  BoYLSTON  Street,  Boston. 

Pamphlets  containing  Certificates  of  cures  from  the  following  well  known  Clergymen, 
Physicians,  and  others,  can  be  had  on  application,  or  will  be  forwarded  on  request,  to 
any  address,  free  of  charge. 

Jose  Antonio  Sanchez,  M.D. 
Jose  d'Espinar,  M.D. 
Tliomas  A.  Dexter,  Esq. 
Thomas  0.  Amory,     " 
Peter  Harvey,  " 

James  C.  Dunn,         " 
Samuel  May,  " 

Moses  Grant,  " 

Prof.  E.  Vitalis  Scherb. 


Rev.  John  Pierpont. 

"  Warren  Burton. 

"  Arthur  B.  Fuller. 

"  Aug.  R.  Pope. 

"  Gurdon  Kobius. 

"  Sylvanus  Cobh. 

"  Th03.  AVhittemore. 

"  Osborn  My  rick. 

"  Ephraim  Nute,  Jr. 

"  Thomas  II.  Pons. 


Rev.  Richard  Metcalf. 

"  M.  P.  Webster. 

"  Joseph  H.  Clinch. 

"  Abraham  Jackson. 

"  J.  Pearson,  Jr. 

"  A.  R.  R.  Crawley. 

"  Henry  Upham. 

"  S.  H.  Riddel. 

"  P.  C.  Headley. 

"  John  W.  Olmstead. 


Lewis  Johnson,  M.D. 
Roswell  Kinney,  M.D. 
S.  H.  Kendall,  M.D. 
W.  B.  Chisholm,  M.D. 
Erancis  Dana,  M.D. 
Jeremiah  Stone,  M.D. 
Marcelino  Aranda,  M.D. 
Abraham  Wendell,  M.D. 
H.  E.  Kinney,  M.D. 


JOHN   P.   JEWETT   &  CARTER, 

store    39    Siiminer    Street,    (next    door    to    Xe^v    Post   Office,)    BOSTON. 

J^'The  Medicine  will  still  be  manufactured  by  N.  L.  CLARK  &  CO.,  but  exclusively 
for  us  ;  and,  as  heretofore,  will   be 

SOLID     B^X-     .AJIuTu    IDE,-CJ<3-C3-ISXS. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


CAST  STEEL  BELLS. 

The  subscribers  are  now  prepared  to  execute  orders  for  Cast-steel  Bells  of  superior 
tone,  made  at  their  establishment  in  Sheffield,  England.  These  Bells  have  a  very- 
pure  melodious  sound,  peculiar  to  steel ;  and  owing  to  the  elasticity  of  the  metal,  the 
sound  penetrates  to  a  great  distance.  Compared  with  Composition  Bells  of  same  di- 
ameter and  power,  the  difference  in  price  is  nearly  50  per  cent  in  favor  of  Cast  Steel 
Bells.  This  is  owing  in  part  to  their  greater  lightness,  while  the  well-known  strength 
of  the  material  make  it  almost  impossible  to  break  them  with  fair  usage. 

These  Bells  have  now  been  extensively  introduced  throughout  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  as  well  as  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  Continent  of  Europe,  for  Churches, 
Fire- Alarms,  Academies,  etc.,  etc. ;  and  in  every  quarter  their  sweetness  of  tone  has 
commended  them  to  public  favor. 

Chimes  cast  to  order  with  great  accuracy. 

Every  Bell  is  warranted  for  one  year,  with  proper  usage,  in  any  climate. 

Circulars,  with  full  description,  prices,  recommendations,  &c.,  will  be  furnished  on 
application  to 

NAYLOR    &    CO., 

No.  99  and  101,  John  street.  New  York. 

No.  80  State  street,  Boston. 

There  has  probably  been  no  period  of  time  since  the  first  settlement  of  this  country  when 
greater  and  sincerer  efforts  were  made  to  render  places  for  public  worship,  not  only  comfort- 
able, but  healthful,  than  are  being  made  at  this  present  time.  Very  few  Committees  venture 
to  run  the  risk  of  building,  or  remodeling  a  church  edifice,  without  first  obtaining  some  kind 
of  a  plan  from  some  kind  of  an  architect.  Not  knowing,  however,  oftentimes,  the  value  of 
varied  and  long  experience  in  the  profession,  they  frequently  find,  when  too  late,  that  they  have 
been  imposed  upon,  being  obliged  to  pay  a  greater  sum  to  remedy  a  defect  or  correct  a  mis- 
take, than  would  have  sufficed,  in  the  beginning,  to  secure  the  best  services. 

The  experience  of  Committees  can  rarely  be  made  of  much  practical  benefit,  for  the  reason 
that  it  terminates  in  the  completion  of  the  building  which  they  were  appointed  to  erect. 
While  on  the  other  hand,  that  of  an  architect,  being  continuous  of  necessity,  becomes  often 
available. 

The  subject  of  ventilation  has,  of  late,  occupied  much  of  the  public  attention  and  concern. 
It  is  believed  by  many,  who  have  investigated  ttie  subject,  that  human  life  could  be  very  much 
prolonged  if  the  laws  of  nature  were  more  carefully  observed,  and  in  no  way  more,  than  in  the 
free  use  of  pure  air.  In  public  buildings  much  can  be  done  where  enlightened  experience  is 
brought  to  the  aid  of  those  who  have  their  construction  in  charge.  But  that  experience  must 
be  used,  to  be  of  any  value  ;  and  certainly,  none  would  be  more  likely  to  understand  it  than 
one  whose  profession  is  a  continuous  practice. 

The  undersigned  having  devoted  much  time  and  attention  to  the  proportion  and  comfort  of 
rooms  for  public  assemblages,  and  particularly  to  the  department  of  warming  and  ventilation — 
for  they  are  really  but  one,  so  closely  are  they  connected — believes  himself  qualified  to  render 
valuable  aid  to  any  committee  or  individual  who  desires  to  be  possessed  of  information  upon 
the  subject.  Committees  and  others  are  invited  to  call  at  his  office,  11  Joy's  Building,  and 
examine  plans  of  Churches,  &c. 

J.  D.  TOWLE,  Architect. 

REFERENCES. 
Revs.  Isaac  P.  LaDgworthy,  and  Henry  M.  Dexter,  Boston  ;  Rev.  Horace  Winslow,  Great  Barrington,  Ms. 

DCP'The  following  are  some  of  the  Churches  designed  by  Mr.  Towle  : — Shawmut,  Boston,  Ms. ;  Winnisim- 
met,  Chel^^ea,  Ms. ;  Unitarian,  Bangor,  Me.  ;  Old  South,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. ;  Congregational  Churches  in 
New  Britain,  Ct.,  Korth  Bridgewater,  Ms.,  East  Itandolph,  Ms.,  and  Great  Barrington,  Ms. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


O'  "  J  pity  those  women  whose  staff  is  their  needle,  for  when  they  lean  upon  it,  it  pierces, 
not  their  side,  but  their  heart.  *****!  think  the  needle  has  slain  more  than  the 
sword  of  war."  Henry  Ward  Beecher. 


GROVER  &  BAKER'S 


QU'  READ   THE   FOLLOWING   TESTIMONIALS.  J"}] 

"  Having  had  one  of  Groveb  &  Baker's  machines  in  my  family  for  nearly  a  year  and  a 
half,  I  take  pleasure  in  commending  it  as  every  way  reliable  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
designed — family  sewing." — Mrs.  Joshua  Leavitt,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Leavitt,  Editor  of  the  N. 
Y.  Indepeiidttit. 

"  I  confess  myself  delighted  with  your  sewing  machine,  which  has  been  in  my  family  for 
many  months.  It  has  always  been  ready  for  duty,  requiring  no  adjustment,  and  is  easily 
adapted  to  every  variety  of  family  sewing,  by  simply  changing  the  spools  of  thread." — Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Strickland,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Utrickland,  Editor  of  the  N.  Y.  Christian  Advocate. 


"  I  have  used  a  Grover  &  Baker  sewing  machine  for  two  years,  and  have  found  it  adapted 
to  all  kinds  of  family  sewing,  from  cambric  to  broadcloth.  Garments  have  been  worn  out 
without  the  givim;  way  of  a  stitch.  The  machine  is  easily  kept  in  order,  and  easily  used." — 
Mrs.  A.  B.  Whip2ile,  wife  of  Rev.  Geo.  Whipple,  New  York. 


The  " Scientific  American,"  Nov.  5th,  1859,  says:  "The  machines  manufactured  by  the 
Grover  and  Baker  Sewing  Machine  Company,  are  too  well  known  by  the  public  at  large  to 
need  any  recommendation  at  our  hands,  and  we  will  simply  add  that  we  have  had  one  of  them 
in  our  family  for  some  time  past,  and  it  is  considered  the  most  useful  article  in  the  house,  next 
to  the  cradle,  and  no  less  indispensable  than  thai." 


"Zion's  Herald,"  Nov.  16th,  1859,  says:""  We  would  recommend  to  families  and  to  those 
about  to  organize  a  homestead,  to  be  sure  and  have  a  Family  Bible,  and  also  one  of  Grover  & 
Baker's  SEWING  MACHINES. 


"It  is  a  beautiful  thing,  and  puts  everybody  into  an  excitement  of  good  humor.  Were  I  a 
Catholic,  I  should  insist  upon  Saints  Grover  &  Baker  having  an  eternal  holiday  in  com- 
memoration of  their  good  deeds  for  humanity." — Uassius  M.  Clay. 


PRINCIPAL  SALES  ROOMS. 

18  SUMMER  STREET, BOSTON. 

495  BROADWAY, NEW  YORK. 

730  CHESTNUT  STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 

181  BALTIMORE  STREET, BALTIMORE. 

115  LAKE   STREET, CHICAGO. 

118  MONTGOMERY  STREET, SAN  FRANCISCO. 

68  WEST  FOURTH  STREET, CINCINNATI 

124  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET, ST.  LOUIS. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 

MASON    &    HAMLIN, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

mELODEONS  AND  HARMONIUMS. 


The  undersigned  respectfully  invite  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  following  facts  in  relation  to  their 
Instruments: 

1st.  Our  Melodeons  and  Harmoniums  have  received  the  endorsement  and  preference  of  the  first  musical 
authorities  in  the  country,  among  whom  are  Thalberg,  Mason,  Webb,  Root,  W.  Maaon,  Bradbury,  Morgan, 
Baker,  Wetherbee,  Wilcox,  Zerrahn,  Bruce,  Salter,  and  Zundel. 

2d.  Havina  exhibited  at  twenty-three  Fairs  since  1856,  we  have,  in  everx  INSTANCE,  been  awarded  the 
FIRST  PREMIUM,  over  all  competitors. 

3a.  Nearly  THREE  HUNDRED  churches  and  chapels  have  been  furnished  with  our  Organ  Harmoniums, 
all  of  which  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

4th.  Upwards  of  THIRTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  of  our  Melodeons  have  been  sold,  all  of  which,  so  far  as 
known  to  us,  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

PRICE    LIST. 

Melodeons,  with  one  set  of  Reeds $,60    $75    $100    $aiO    and    $130 

Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds $130    and    $150 

Organ-Melodeons,  with  two  sets  of  Reeds  and  two  banks  of  Keys $200 

Harmoniums,  with  six  and  eight  stops $200    and    $250 

Organ-Harmoniums $300    $350    and 


Amongst  the  recent  improvements  introduced  by  us,  we  invite  attention  to  that  of  the  "  TREBLE  FORTE  " 
stop,  which  is  now  applied  to  all  of  our  Melodeons. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  sent  to  any  address  on  application  to 

MASON    &■    HAMLIN, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

Depot  in  New  York — Chickering  &  Sons,  694  Broadway. 

THE  AMERICAN  TRACT   SOCIETY, 

TRACT   HOUSE,   NO.  28    CORNHILL,  BOSTON, 

Have  for  sale  an  Assortment  of  Standard  Religious  Works,  Books  for  Children 
and    Youth,    Also,    English   Bibles,    in  every  variety  of  binding,    Picture   Cards, 

Children's  Tracts,  &c.— The  Society  are  rapidly  increasing  the  list  of  their  publications. 
Fifty  Tracts  have  already  been  published.  The  Memoir  of  Dr.  Lobdell,  late  Mission- 
ary of  the  American  Board,  is  now  ready ;  Also,  The  Sisters,  a  beautiful  book  for  Youth. 
The  subscription  lists  of  THE  TRACT  JOURNAL  and  THE  CHILD  AT  HOME, 

are  daily  increasing.     Orders  and  remittances  should  be  sent  to 

N.  BROUGHTON,  JR.,  Depository  Ayent. 
HENRY  HILL,  Treasurer. 

J.  W.  ALV0RD,?e„„„.„We5 
I.  P.  WARREN,  S  *^'''^^*'*'^*^*- 


Massachusetts  Sabbath  School  Society, 

This  Society  has,  for  one  of  its  prominent  objects,  the  circulation  of  yood  books  at  the  lowest 
prices.  We  publish  over  1200  excellent  books,  suitable  for  Sabbath  School  Libraries,  and  add 
to  this  list  about  50  new  volumes  each  year.  We  have  also  on  hand,  or  can  furnish,  a  com- 
plete assortment  of  the  best  books  published  by  the  "  Carters,"  the  Presbyterian  Board, 
the  American  Sunday  School  Union,  and  other  Publication  Societies;  Sheldon  &  Blake- 
man,  Henry  Hoyt,  and  other  Sabbath  School  book  publishers. 

We  invite  Clergymen,  Sivperintendents,  and  all  in  want  of  Theological  and  Sabbath  School 
books,  to  call  at  13  Cornhill,  before  purchasing  elsewhere,  as  we  have  just  adopted  the  plan 
of  making  special  discounts  to  Pastors  andSAUBATH  Schools.  We  are  prepared  to  send 
out  a  full  assortment  of  the  new  books,  carefully  selected,  to  Committees  for  examination, 
with  the  privilege  of  returning  or  exchanging  any  not  wanted. 

MOSES  H.  SAEGENT,  Treas.  Mass.  S.  S.  Society. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 
A.  S.  BARNES  &  BURR'S  LATE  PUBLICATIONS. 


The  Friends  of  Education  are  respectfully  in\ited  to  the  examination  of  the  following 
new  books : — 


THE  LITTLE  ORATOR;  or,  PRIMARY  SCHOOL 
SPEAKER.  By  Charles  Northend,  A.  M.,  autbor 
of  "  Teacher  and  Parent,"  "  Teai-hers'  Assistant, " 
etc.  In  three  parts.  Part  I.  Poetry.  Part  II. 
Pro.se.  Part  III.  Dialogues.  178  pp.,  18ino.,  cloth. 
Price  30  cent.s. 

THE  NATIONAL  ORATOR.  A  selection  of  pieces 
for  the  use  of  young  Students  in  Schools  and 
Academies  By  Charles  Northenb,  A.  M.,  312  pp., 
12mo.,  cloth.     Price  75  cents. 

ENTERTAINING  DIALOGUES.  Designed  f^r  the 
use  of  young  Students  in  Schools  and  Academies. 
By  Charles  Northend,  A.  M.  312  pp.,  12mo., 
cloth.     Pri-  e  75  cents. 

BOOKKEEPING  by  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  ENTRY. 
Simplified  and  Adapted  to  the  use  of  Common 
Schools.  By  W .  \V.  Smith  and  Edward  Martin. 
168  pp.,  small  4to..  half  bound.     Price  75  cents. 

BLANKS  TO  SMITH  &  M.^RTIN'S  BOOKKEEP- 
ING. Three  numbers.  Farmers'  Day-Book,  (by 
Single  Entry,)  or  Book  of  Transactions,  (by  Double 
Entry.)  Day-Book,  (by  Single  Entry,)  or  Journal, 
(by  Double  Entry.)  Ledger,  (by  Single  or  Double 
Entry.)     Price  37  cents  per  set. 

DAVIES'  NEW  ELE.VIENTARY  ALGEBRA.  Em- 
bracing the  First  Principles  of  the  Science.  By 
Charles  Davies,  LL.  D.,  Professor  of  Mathemat- 
ics in  Columbia  College,  and  author  of  a  complete 
Course  of  Mathematics.  209  pp.,  12010.,  cloth. 
Price  75  cents.     Key  to  do.,  50  cents. 

HISTORY  OF  ROME,  in  three  parts.  The  Kings  of 
Rome  ;  the  Republic  of  Rome  ;  the  Empire  of 
Rome.  Wiih  Ques  ions.  By  F.  \N .  KicoRD.  315  pp., 
12mo.,  cloth.     Price  »!  00. 

CESAR'S  COMMENTARIES  ON  THE  GALLIC 
WAR.  Elucidated  by  English  Notes,  Ciitical  and 
Explanatory,  and  illustrated  by  Mips,  plans  of  the 
Battles,  Views,  and  a  Lexicon  of  all  the  words  con- 
tained in  the  Text.  By  N.  C.  Brooks,  A.  M., 
President  of  Baltimore  College.  351  pp.,  12  mo., 
cloth.    Price  SI  25. 

PECK'S  ELEMENTS  OF  MECHANICS.  Designed 
for  Colleges,  Academies,  and  High  Schools.  By 
William  G.  Peck,  M.  A.,  Adjunct  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  Columbia  College.  338  pp.,  12mo., 
cloth.     Price  .*1  25. 

SCHOOLTEACHERS'  REGISTER,  for  Recording  At- 
tendance, Recitations,  and  Deportment  in  Classes. 
Designed  for  the  use  of  Colleges,  Academies  and 
Schools.  By  N.  C.  Brooks,  A.  M.,  President  of 
Baltimore  Female  College.  Small  4to.,  cloth.  Price 
50  cents. 

MANUAL  OF  DEVOTION  ;  or,  Religious  Exercises 
for  the  Morning  and  Evening  on  each  Day  in  the 
Month.  For  the  use  of  Schools  and  Private  Fam- 
ilies. By  N.  C.  Brooks.  233  pp.,  ISmo.,  cloth. 
Price  40  cents. 

THE  SCHOOL  HARMONIST  ;  comprising  Psalm  and 
Hymn  Tunes  in  general  use  ;  together  with  several 
Tunes  and  Chants.  Designed  asau  AccompxniM  ent 
to  the  "  Manual  of  Devotion,"  and  for  the  use  of 
Choir  Singing.  Schools,  and  Private  Families.  By 
Andrew  Cleaveland  and  N.  C.  Brooks.  238  pp., 
18mo.,  cloth.     Price  40  cents. 


HISTORY  AND  PROGRESS  OF  EDUCATION,  from 
the  earliest  times  to  the  present.  Intended  as  a 
Manual  for  Teiichers  and  Student.  By  Philobib- 
LiDS.  With  an  Introdu'tion  by  Hon.  Henry  Bar- 
Kard,  LL.  D.    310  pp.,  12mo.,  cloth.     Price  ?1  00. 

KEY  TO  CLARK'S  GRAMMAR,  in  which  the  Analy- 
ses of  the  Sentences  of  the  Giammar  are  indicated 
by  Diagrams.     Price  50  cents. 

INSTITUTE  LECTURES  ON  MENTAL  AND  MORAL 
CULTUllE.  By  Samuel  P.  Bates,  A.  M.,  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction,  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania.    319  pp.,  12mo.,  cloth.    Price  $1  00. 

THE  HIGHER  CHRISTIAN  EDUCATION.  By 
Benjamin  W.  Dwight.    12mo.,  cloth.     Price  $1  CO- 

THE  NORMAL  ;  or.  Methods  of  Teaching  the  Com- 
mon Branches.  Orthoepy,  Orthography,  Grammar, 
Geosruphy,  Arithmetic,  and  Elocution,  including 
the  Outlines,  Technicalities,  Explanations,  Demon- 
strations, Definitions,  and  Methods,  introductory 
and  peculiar  to  each  branch.  By  Alfred  Hol- 
BRooK,  Pri^'i  ipal  of  the  Southwest  Normal  School, 
Lebanon,  Ohio.    456  pp.,  12mo.,  cloth.     Price  $1. 

MODERN  PHILOLOGY:  its  History,  Discoveries, 
and  Influence.  With  Maps,  Tabular  Views,  and 
an  Index.  By  Benjamin  W.  Dwight.  856  pp., 
8vo.,  cloth.     Price  .fl  75. 

THE  LITTLE  SPELLER  ;  or.  the  first  Round  in  the 
Ladder  of  Learning.  By  Wm.  W.  Smith,  Principal 
of  Grammar  School  No.  1,  New  York  City.  96  pp., 
18mo.,  half  bound.     Price  10  cents. 

NATIONAL  ELEMENTARY  SPELLER.  A  critical 
work  on  Pronuiiciation  :  embracing  a  strictly  graded 
Cliissificatirn  of  the  Primitive  and  the  more  impor- 
tant Derivative  Words  of  the  English  Language  for 
Oral  S|ielli''g;  Exercises  for  Writing  from  Dicta- 
tion ;  Prefixes,  Affixes,  &c.,  &c.  By  J.  Madison 
Watson.  Prepared  to  accompany  Parker  &  Wat- 
son's Series  of  School  Readers.  Designed  for  Pub- 
lic Schools  and  the  lower  classes  in  Academies  and 
Seminaries.  Rifhiy  Illustrated.  160  pp.,  18mo., 
half  bound.     Price  15  cents. 

LECTURES  ON  NATURAL  HISTORY,  as  related  to 
Intellect,  Taste,  Wealth,  and  Religion.  By  P.  A. 
Chadbourne,  Professor  of  Natural  History  in  Wil- 
liams College  and  Bowdoin  College.  Price  76 
cents. 

MANUAL  OF  GEOLOGY,  for  Academies  and  Colleges. 
By  Eebnezer  Emmons,  Professor  of  Geology  in 
North  Carolina  University.     Price  $1  50. 

CHILD'S  BOOK  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY,  with 
Applications  to  the  Common  Arts.  By  Oarl. 
Price  40  cents. 

ELEMENTS  OF  COMPOSITION,  (Grammatical, 
Rlietorical,  and  Logical.)  Designed  for  Schools 
and  Academies.  By  Prof.  James  R.  Boyd.  Price 
If  1  00. 

POPULAR  PHYSICS,  or,  an  Introductory  Course  of 
Natural  Philosophy.  From  the  French  of  M. 
Ganot,  by  W.  G.  Peck.  With  Illustrations. 
Pi  ice  »1  00. 

New  Edition  of  CLASS-BOOK  OF  BOTANY.  By 
Prof.  Alphonzo  Wood. 


ALSO    PUBLISHERS    OF    THE 


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A.  S.  BARNES  &  BURR,  51  &  53  John  Street,  New  York. 


Congregational  Quarterly  Advertiser. 


NOW    READY: 


ANOTHER    GREAT    WORK    BY    PROF.    MAIVSEL.. 

Prolegomena  Logiea ;  An  Inquiry  into  the  Psychological  Character  of  Logical  Pro- 
cesses. By  H.  LoKGUEViLLE  Mansel,  B.D.,  Professor  of  Bloral  ami  Metiipliysical  Philosophy,  Oxford; 
Editor  of  Sir  \Vm.  Hamilton's  Lectures  ;  Author  of  "Limits  of  Kcligious  Thought,'' etc.     12mo.  cloth,. fil. 

This  work  is  not  an  Introduction  to  Logic,  but  "  an  inquiry  into  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  thinking 
faculty,  such  as  they  are  assumed  by  the  logician  as  the  basis  of  his  deductions."  It  is  an  important  con- 
tribution to  Mental  Science,  by  one  who  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  living  authors  in  this  department  of 
learning. 

STILIi  ANOTHER  — BY  SIR  WILLIAM  HAMIIiTOX. 

Lectures  on  Logic.  By  Sir  William  Hamilton,  Bart.,  Professor  of  Logic  and 
Metaphysics  in  the  Universitj'  of  Edinburgh.  With  Notes  from  Original  Materials,  and  an  Appeudix  con- 
taining the  Latest  Development  of  his  New  Logical  Theory.'  Edited  by  H.  LonguevUle  Mansel,  B.D., 
Oxford,  and  John  Veitch,  A.M.,  Edinburgh.    Koyal  8vo.  cloth,  %\. 

This  volume  completes  the  Metaphysical  and  Logical  series  of  Sir  William  Hamilton,  and  will  enable 
American  scholars  to  possess  themselves  of  the  invaluable  works  of  this  eminent  author,  in  two  elegant  8vo. 
volumes,  at  six  doUars— half  the  price  of  the  English  edition. 


■*?a5#- 


NEW  EDITIONS  AND  RECENT  PUBLICATIONS. 


Lectures  on  Metaphysics.     By  Sir 

William  Hamilton,  Bart.  Edited  by  Prof.  H.  L. 
Mausel,  B.D.,  Oxford,  and  John  Veitch,  M.A., 
Edinburgh.     Royal  8vo.  cloth,  $3. 

Hamilton's  Lectures  on  Metaphysics  have  been  re- 
ceived with  eminent  favor,  and  already  adopted  as  a 
text  book  in  Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton,  and  other 
distinguished  colleges. 

Limits  of  Religious  Thought  Ex- 
amined. By  IL  LOiNGUEVlLLE  MA^SEL  B.D., 
Professor  of  Moral  and  Metaphysical  Philosophy, 
Oxford  ;  Editor  of  Sir  VVm.  Hamilton's  Lectures, 
etc.    12mo.  cloth.  $1. 

This  able  work  of  Prof.  Mansel  has  passed  through 
several  editions,  and  is  attracting  marked  attention 
among  scliolars  and  theologians,  many  of  whom  re- 
gard it  as  a  defence  of  revealed  religion  unsurpassed 
since  the  appearance  of  Butler's  Analogy. 

The   Mission   of  the   Comforter; 

With  Copious  iN'otes,  (translated  for  the  American 
edition.)  By  JcLius  Charles  Hare,  Archdeacon 
of  Lewes,  and  late  Eellow  of  Trinity  College.  12mo. 
cloth,  !SJ,iJ5. 

'•  These  discourses,  for  accuracy  of  thought,  fer- 
vent faith  in  the  power  and  presence  of  the  Spirit, 
and  affluence  of  argument  and  illustration,  aie  tar 
superior  to  anything  we  have  ever  met  with  on  the 
same  subject.  The  Notes  are  essays  teeming  with 
the  most  abundant  fruits  of  theological  learning." 

[Christian  Intelligencer. 

My  Mother ;  or,  Recollections  of  Mater- 
nal lutlufcute.  By  a  New  England  Clergyman. 
With  a  beautiful  I'rontispiece.  12mo.  clotn,  75cts. 

"  It  is  one  of  those  rare  pictures  painted  from  life, 
with  the  exquisite  skill  of  one  of  the  Old.  Masters, 
which  so  seldom  present  themselves  to  the  amateur." 

Salvation  by   Christ.     A  Series  of 

Discourses  on  some  of  the  most  Important  Doc- 
trines of  the  Cospel.  By  Francis  Wayland,  D.D. 
12mo.  cloth,  $1. 


The    Greyson   Letters.     Edited  by 

Henry  Rogers,  author  of  "  The  Eclip.se  of  Faith." 

12mo.  clotu,  5?l,2u. 

"  The  Letters  are  intellectual  gems,  radiant  with 
beauty,  happily  intermingling  tue  grave  and  the 
gay."  [Christian  Observer. 

The  Still  Hour ;  or,  Communion  with 
God.     By  Austin  Phllps,  D.D.    Ibmo.  cloth,  38 
cents. 
Since  its  publication,  eight  months  ago,  the  sales 

of  this  remarkable  book  have  been  scarcely  less  than 

one  thousand  copies  per  ivtek,  and  it  is  still  in  active 

demand. 

The  Christian  Life  ;  Social  and  Indi- 
vidual.    By  Peter  Bathe,  M.A.     12mo.  cloth, 

$1,25. 

''  The  book  as  a  whole  is  admirable  ;  the  biogra- 
phical sketches  worthy  of  a  place  be.-ide  those  of 
Carlyle,  Macaulay,  Mackintosh  and  Stepliens." 

[Hon.  B.  F.  Thomas,  LL.D. 

Memorials  of  Early  Christianity ; 

Preseutiug,  in  a  grjpUic  and  jjopuiar  form,  Memo- 
rable Events  of  Early  Ecclesiastical  History,  &.C. 
By  Kev.  J.  G.  Miall.  With  numerous  illustra- 
tions.   12mo.  cloth,  $1. 

Life  of  James  Montgomery.     By 

Mrs.  H.  C.  Kmgut,  Author  of  "  L:id>   Hunting- 
ton and  her  irieuds,"  6:c.     12mo.  clotu,  3fl,25. 
"  The  psalm  of  Montgomery's  private  life,  prepared 
in  Mrs.  Knight's  graceful  and  happy  manner." 

[Exeter  News  Letter. 

The  Evening  of  Life ;  or.  Light  and 

Comfort  amidst  cue  Shadows  of  Declining  Years. 
By  Rev.  Jeremiah  Chaplik,  D  D     l2mo.  cioth,  SI. 
A  most  charming  and  appropriate  work  for  the 
aged. 

The  Better  Land. ;  or,  The  Believer's 
Journey  and  Future  Home.  By  Kev.  A.  C.  Thomp- 
so>'.     Fifteenth  Thou.sand.     12mo.  cioth,  85  cents. 


1C7"  Copies  sent  by  mail,  post  paid,  on  receipt  of  the  price. 


GOULD 


&    LINCOLN, 

59  Washington  Street,  Boston. 


CROSBY,  NICHOLS,  LEE  &  COMPANY'S 
NEW  MUSIC  BOOKS  for  1860-61. 


We  have  NOW  READY,  the  following  new  works, 
forming  the  most  important  list  of  new  Music  Books 
ever  offered  in  one  season : 

THE    DIAPASON. 

A  new  and  very  extensive  Collection  of  Chui-ch  Music. 
LY  GEORGE  F.  liOOT. 

This  is  to  be  the  general  collection  of  church  music 
for  the  season.  Mr.  Koot  has  been  engaged  upon  it 
for  some  years,  and  we  do  not  hesitate  to  assert  with 
confidence,  that  it  will  far  surpass,  in  interest  and 
popularity,  any  of  his  previous  very  successful  works. 

Retail  price,  .$1,00  A  single  copy  to  any  teacher, 
post-paid,  75  cents. 

THE  ECLECTIC  TUNE  BOOK: 
A  Selection  of  Standard  Church  Tunes; 'with  new 

and  appropriate  Pieces  for  the  opening  and  closing 

of  Public  Worship. 

Edited  by  WM.  B.  BRADBURY. 

The  aim  has  been  to  combine  the  most  popular, 
effective,  and  excellent  tunes,  old  and  new,  now  in  use 
among  the  churches.  The  selection  has  been  based 
upon  actual  returns  contained  in  more  than  five  hun- 
dred lists  of  tunes,  furnished  in  response  to  a  circular 
of  inquiry,  sent  to  leading  churches  in  every  section 
of  the  country.  There  have  been  added  some  new 
tunes  by  leading  composers,  and  a  laige  number  of 
occasional  pieces  for  opening  and  closing  worship. 

Retail  price,  $1. 

THE  PEOPLE'S  TUNE  BOOK: 

A  Class-Book  of  Church  Music  for  Choirs,  Congrega- 
tions, and  Singing  Schools. 
BY  LOWELL  MASON,  DR.  OF  MUSIC. 
The  People's  Tune  Book  forms  especially  one  of  the 
best  collections  of  the  most  useful  and  popular  old 
tunes  ever  issued,  and,  with  its  large  clear  type,  can- 


not fail  to  be  very  popular  as  a  Singing-school  book, 
as  well  as  for  Choirs  and  Congregations. 

HASTINGS'  CHURCH  MUSIC. 

BY  THOMAS  HASTINGS,  DOCTOR  OF  MUSIC. 

The  many  friends  of  Dr.  Hastings  will  welcome 
this  work,  which  collects  in  one  volume  the  choicest 
results  of  the  labors  for  two  score  year.*,  of  this  emi- 
nent composer  of  Cliurch  Song.  Like  the  People's 
Tune  Book,  it  is  printed  from  clear  large  type,  two 
tunes  on  a  page. 

BRADBURY'S  ANTHEM  BOOK: 
A   Collection  of  Anthems,   Choruses,  Opening  and 

Closing  Pieces,   adapted  to  the  wants  of  Choirs, 

Musical  Associations,  Conventions,  &c. 
BY  WM.  B.  BRADBURY. 

There  has  been  much  inquiry  for  a  new  Anthem 
Book  which  should  contain  a  greater  variety  of  pieces 
for  the  various  occasions  of  onlinary  or  special  reli- 
gious services  than  it  is  possible  to  include  in  an  ordi- 
nary collection  of  Church  Music.  The  present  vol- 
ume, collects  together  the  favorite  old  pieces,  and 
presents  many  new  ones,  especially  such  as  are  suit- 
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THE  SABBATH  SCHOOL  HYMN 

AND  TUNE  BOOK. 

BY   THE    EDITORS   OF    THE    SABBATH   HYMN 

AND  TUNE  BOOK. 

The  wotk  contains  220  Hymns,  set  to  appropriate 
tunes,  for  Sabbath  Schools. 


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CROSBY,  NICHOLS,  LEE  &  CO. 

117  Washington  Street. 


THE  mw  Euuimn 

^niml  Jife  |n$mince  CwmpaKg. 

Office,  corner  of  State  and  Congress  Sts.,  BOSTON, 

In  the   Company's  Building, 

INSURES  LIVES  on  the  MUTUAL  PRINCIPLE.  Net 
accumulation,  exceeding 

$1^350^000, 

and  increasing,  for  the  benefit  of  Members,  present  and  fu- 
ture. The  whole  safely  and  advantageously  invested.  The 
business  conducted  exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  the  persons 
insured.  The  greatest  risk  taken  on  a  life,  $15,000.  Sur- 
plus distributed  among  the  members  every  fifth  year,  from 
Dec.  1,  1843 ;  settled  by  cash,  or  by  addition  to  policy. 
The  distribution  of  Dec'r,  1858,  amounted  to  thirty-six  per 
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Forms  of  Application,  and  Pamphlets  of  the  Company, 
and  its  Reports,  to  be  had  of  its  Agents,  or  at  the  Office  of 
the  Company,  or  forwarded  by  mail,  if  written  for. 

WILLARD  PHILLIPS,  President, 
MARSHALL  P.  WILDER, 
CHARLES  P"  CURTIS, 
THOMAS  A.  DEXTER, 
A.  W.  THAXTER,  JR., 
GEORGE  H.  FOLGER, 
•    WILLIAM  B.  REYNOLDS, 
CHARLES  HUBBARD, 
SEWELL  TAPPAN, 
FRANCIS  C.  LOWELL, 
JAMES  STURGIS. 

JOHN  HOMANS,  M.D.,  Consulting  Physician. 

BENJAMIN  F.  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


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Messrs.  LADD,  "WEBSTER  &  Co. 

Would  'invite  the  attention  of  Clergymen  and  others  to  their  unrivalled 

Tight-Stitch  Sewing  JfWachincs^ 

Designed  for  Family^  use.  Among:  the  numerous  Testimonials  received, 
they  have  selected  two  or  three,  to  which  they  respectfully  invite  the  at- 
tention of  those  who  may  desire  to  purchase  a  really  reliable  article. 


U  fu-4-  m/O/cnme  tnaJLeA 
eu  tvecuttaui/  Uyck,  6tlbch-, 
aXi,lte  on,  u-otlv  {yideiy,  oavo 
wHu-civ  ccuvfvot  b-e,  'lom- 
elteo. 


(Mo   UooL    aie    Ye- 


^c^-* 


X^EBST^ 


<f 


T 


lAed  MV  it6 


okeioti 


V      TIGHT-STITCH 

SEWING  MACHINES, 

p.  17  SCMEE  STREET, 

Opposite  Trinity  Church, 


d)  t  lA  ca4vat>te  op  keV- 
poVmuiq.  tlve  tveouLeivt  oA 
Li^etL  0/6  Uve  Uariteit  po/- 

OJyoiiyelei-i)  orvo  Volvlo 
trv  oiveXaJuon,. 

Cy  t  ti  W)  Mwjvle  aoa 
{►tiotva,  tlvat  aeicutoe- 
nttnh  Of  tt6  |va/Vb6  l6  oU/- 
rvtoit  oa  wnh/O^MliU/tti}/. 


Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Isaac  P.  Langworthy,  Sec'y  American  Congregational 
Union,  to  a  brother  Clergyman. 

Chelsea,  Ms.,  Aug.  13,  1859. 

.1  wish  every  minister's  wife  had  one.     Her  friends  can  do  nothing  for 

her  to  the  same  amount  that  will  so  much  help  and  bless  her  and  her  family,  as  to 
give  her  one.  The  gentlemanly  and  Christian  proprietors  make  liberal  discounts  to 
Clergymen,  and  are  worthy  the  patronage  they  seek,  not  for  this  reasorf  so  much  as 
because  they  offer  for  sale  the  best  of  those  instruments,  which  have  become  an 
institution  for  woman. 

Extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  E.  A.  Cummings,  Sec'y  of  Female  College,  Worcester. 

Female  College,  WoRCESXEKi  Dec.  1858. 
Allow  nie  to  say,  after  having  well  proved  your  Family  Sewing  Ma- 
chine, that  we  are  perfectly  satisfied  with  our  choice,  and  recommend  it  with  a  great 
degree  of  confidence. 

LADD,  WEBSTER  &  €0.,  17  Summer  Street,  Boston, 

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{9  ORAiVGE  ST 

ALBANY,    N.  Y. 


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